Datasets:

kikusuka
/

breezy-eval

id stringlengths 13 35	source stringclasses 2 values	condition stringclasses 3 values	passages listlengths 2 2	question stringlengths 13 189	answers listlengths 0 6
squad-5726a3c6f1498d1400e8e5b2	squad2	answerable	[ "The Social Chapter is a chapter of the 1997 Treaty of Amsterdam covering social policy issues in European Union law. The basis for the Social Chapter was developed in 1989 by the \"social partners\" representatives, namely UNICE, the employers' confederation, the European Trade Union Confederation (ETUC) and CEEP,...	How many pieces of legislation has the Social Charter become the basis for?	[ "40", "40", "40" ]
squad-5728d6f02ca10214002da912	squad2	answerable	[ "The availability of the Bible in vernacular languages was important to the spread of the Protestant movement and development of the Reformed church in France. The country had a long history of struggles with the papacy by the time the Protestant Reformation finally arrived. Around 1294, a French version of the Scr...	What issue has been plaguing the civil disobedience movement.	[ "ambiguity", "ambiguity", "ambiguity", "ambiguity" ]
squad-570966e0200fba1400367f50	squad2	answerable	[ "A construction project is a complex net of contracts and other legal obligations, each of which all parties must carefully consider. A contract is the exchange of a set of obligations between two or more parties, but it is not so simple a matter as trying to get the other side to agree to as much as possible in ex...	Sky Movies and Sky Box office also include what optional soundtracks?	[ "Dolby Digital", "Dolby Digital", "Dolby Digital" ]
squad-5728759cff5b5019007da25c	squad2	answerable	[ "In 1466, perhaps 40,000 people died of the plague in Paris. During the 16th and 17th centuries, the plague was present in Paris around 30 per cent of the time. The Black Death ravaged Europe for three years before it continued on into Russia, where the disease was present somewhere in the country 25 times between ...	What Shakespeare scholar is currently on the university's faculty?	[ "David Bevington", "David Bevington", "John Mearsheimer and Robert Pape" ]
squad-572a019f3f37b31900478644	squad2	answerable	[ "The success of any pathogen depends on its ability to elude host immune responses. Therefore, pathogens evolved several methods that allow them to successfully infect a host, while evading detection or destruction by the immune system. Bacteria often overcome physical barriers by secreting enzymes that digest the ...	What kind of system of infection involves inserting a hollow tube into a host cell?	[ "type III secretion system", "type III secretion system", "type III secretion system" ]
squad-572fe288a23a5019007fcadb	squad2	answerable	[ "The variant forms of the name of the Rhine in modern languages are all derived from the Gaulish name Rēnos, which was adapted in Roman-era geography (1st century BC) as Greek Ῥῆνος (Rhēnos), Latin Rhenus.[note 3] The spelling with Rh- in English Rhine as well as in German Rhein and French Rhin is due to the influe...	How was the Dutch name for the Rhine originally spelled?	[ "Rhijn", "Rhijn", "Rhijn", "Rhijn", "Rhijn" ]
squad-57113639a58dae1900cd6d1c	squad2	answerable	[ "It is a logical extension of the compound engine (described above) to split the expansion into yet more stages to increase efficiency. The result is the multiple expansion engine. Such engines use either three or four expansion stages and are known as triple and quadruple expansion engines respectively. These engi...	What class of ships is an example of large passenger liners?	[ "Olympic", "Olympic", "Olympic class" ]
squad-5729edd56aef051400155112	squad2	answerable	[ "The first European to travel the length of the Amazon River was Francisco de Orellana in 1542. The BBC's Unnatural Histories presents evidence that Orellana, rather than exaggerating his claims as previously thought, was correct in his observations that a complex civilization was flourishing along the Amazon in th...	Who was the first European to travel the entire length of the Amazon River?	[ "Francisco de Orellana", "Francisco de Orellana", "Francisco de Orellana" ]
squad-5706143575f01819005e7953	squad2	answerable	[ "Victoria has a written constitution enacted in 1975, but based on the 1855 colonial constitution, passed by the United Kingdom Parliament as the Victoria Constitution Act 1855, which establishes the Parliament as the state's law-making body for matters coming under state responsibility. The Victorian Constitution ...	What is the other NHL team aside from the Anaheim Ducks to reside in Southern California?	[ "Los Angeles Kings", "Los Angeles Kings", "Los Angeles Kings" ]
squad-5730208fa23a5019007fcdf0	squad2	answerable	[ "For some decades prior to the First Palestine Intifada in 1987, the Muslim Brotherhood in Palestine took a \"quiescent\" stance towards Israel, focusing on preaching, education and social services, and benefiting from Israel's \"indulgence\" to build up a network of mosques and charitable organizations. As the Fir...	Where does HAMAS want to establish an Islamic state?	[ "Palestine", "Palestine", "Palestine" ]
squad-572629c6271a42140099d6a6	squad2	answerable	[ "Starting in 1965, Donald Davies at the National Physical Laboratory, UK, independently developed the same message routing methodology as developed by Baran. He called it packet switching, a more accessible name than Baran's, and proposed to build a nationwide network in the UK. He gave a talk on the proposal in 19...	What use was suggested for the system	[ "use in the ARPANET", "ARPANET", "ARPANET" ]
squad-5725d7e438643c19005acdf9	squad2	answerable	[ "Between the 1880s and World War II, Downtown Fresno flourished, filled with electric Street Cars, and contained some of the San Joaquin Valley's most beautiful architectural buildings. Among them, the original Fresno County Courthouse (demolished), the Fresno Carnegie Public Library (demolished), the Fresno Water ...	During what period did downtown Fresno thrive?	[ "Between the 1880s and World War II", "Between the 1880s and World War II", "Between the 1880s and World War II" ]
squad-573009a004bcaa1900d77051	squad2	answerable	[ "By the 6th century, the Rhine was within the borders of Francia. In the 9th, it formed part of the border between Middle and Western Francia, but in the 10th century, it was fully within the Holy Roman Empire, flowing through Swabia, Franconia and Lower Lorraine. The mouths of the Rhine, in the county of Holland, ...	The Rhine flowed through Swabia, Franconia and what other location in the 10th Century?	[ "Lower Lorraine", "Lower Lorraine", "Lower Lorraine" ]
squad-57268d2ddd62a815002e8951	squad2	answerable	[ "Despite their soft, gelatinous bodies, fossils thought to represent ctenophores, apparently with no tentacles but many more comb-rows than modern forms, have been found in lagerstätten as far back as the early Cambrian, about 515 million years ago. The position of the ctenophores in the evolutionary family tree of...	Who is suited to interpret the Treaties?	[ "The Court of Justice of the European Union can interpret the Treaties", "The Court of Justice of the European Union can interpret the Treaties", "The Court of Justice of the European Union", "The Court of Justice of the European Union" ]
squad-57299c2c6aef051400155020	squad2	answerable	[ "Prime numbers give rise to two more general concepts that apply to elements of any commutative ring R, an algebraic structure where addition, subtraction and multiplication are defined: prime elements and irreducible elements. An element p of R is called prime element if it is neither zero nor a unit (i.e., does n...	What is the name of an algebraic structure in which addition, subtraction and multiplication are defined?	[ "commutative ring R", "commutative ring", "ring R", "commutative ring R" ]
squad-572a0ce11d046914007796fd	squad2	answerable	[ "An evasion strategy used by several pathogens to avoid the innate immune system is to hide within the cells of their host (also called intracellular pathogenesis). Here, a pathogen spends most of its life-cycle inside host cells, where it is shielded from direct contact with immune cells, antibodies and complement...	What is the process by which pathogens evade the immune system by hiding inside the host cells called?	[ "intracellular pathogenesis", "intracellular pathogenesis", "intracellular pathogenesis" ]
squad-5706074552bb8914006897d7	squad2	answerable	[ "Southern California consists of one Combined Statistical Area, eight Metropolitan Statistical Areas, one international metropolitan area, and multiple metropolitan divisions. The region is home to two extended metropolitan areas that exceed five million in population. These are the Greater Los Angeles Area at 17,7...	What does the El Centro metropolitan area and San Diego-Carslbad-San Marcos metropolitan area form?	[ "Southern Border Region", "the Southern Border Region", "Southern Border Region" ]
squad-572648e8dd62a815002e8079	squad2	answerable	[ "Along with giving the offender his \"just deserts\", achieving crime control via incapacitation and deterrence is a major goal of criminal punishment. Brownlee argues, \"Bringing in deterrence at the level of justification detracts from the law’s engagement in a moral dialogue with the offender as a rational perso...	What does ctenophore mean in Greek?	[ "comb-bearing", "\"comb\" and the Greek suffix -φορος meaning \"carrying\"", "comb-bearing" ]
squad-571156152419e3140095559d	squad2	answerable	[ "The historical measure of a steam engine's energy efficiency was its \"duty\". The concept of duty was first introduced by Watt in order to illustrate how much more efficient his engines were over the earlier Newcomen designs. Duty is the number of foot-pounds of work delivered by burning one bushel (94 pounds) of...	What is the weight of a bushel of coal in pounds?	[ "94", "94 pounds", "94 pounds" ]
squad-5730a951069b531400832217	squad2	answerable	[ "It became a moral justification to lift the world up to French standards by bringing Christianity and French culture. In 1884 the leading exponent of colonialism, Jules Ferry declared France had a civilising mission: \"The higher races have a right over the lower races, they have a duty to civilize the inferior\"....	Where did the French send a large number of settlers?	[ "Algeria", "Algeria", "Algeria", "Algeria" ]
squad-57111992b654c5140001fb44	squad2	answerable	[ "After Washington had returned to Williamsburg, Dinwiddie ordered him to lead a larger force to assist Trent in his work. While en route, Washington learned of Trent's retreat. Since Tanaghrisson had promised support to the British, Washington continued toward Fort Duquesne and met with the Mingo leader. Learning o...	When was the charter for this church signed?	[ "1550", "1550", "1550" ]
squad-570d2f5bfed7b91900d45cd0	squad2	answerable	[ "Victoria has a written constitution enacted in 1975, but based on the 1855 colonial constitution, passed by the United Kingdom Parliament as the Victoria Constitution Act 1855, which establishes the Parliament as the state's law-making body for matters coming under state responsibility. The Victorian Constitution ...	On what is Victoria's constitution based ?	[ "1855 colonial constitution", "the 1855 colonial constitution", "1855 colonial constitution" ]
squad-572fc659b2c2fd1400568447	squad2	answerable	[ "Immediately after Decision Time a \"Members Debate\" is held, which lasts for 45 minutes. Members Business is a debate on a motion proposed by an MSP who is not a Scottish minister. Such motions are on issues which may be of interest to a particular area such as a member's own constituency, an upcoming or past eve...	When is the Members Debate held?	[ "Immediately after Decision Time", "Immediately after Decision Time", "Immediately after Decision Time" ]
squad-5729ef266aef05140015511e	squad2	answerable	[ "Terra preta (black earth), which is distributed over large areas in the Amazon forest, is now widely accepted as a product of indigenous soil management. The development of this fertile soil allowed agriculture and silviculture in the previously hostile environment; meaning that large portions of the Amazon rainfo...	In lands attributed to what tribe are found remains of large settlements?	[ "Xingu tribe", "Xingu", "Xingu" ]
squad-572ffe6fb2c2fd14005686f2	squad2	answerable	[ "Islamist movements such as the Muslim Brotherhood, \"are well known for providing shelters, educational assistance, free or low cost medical clinics, housing assistance to students from out of town, student advisory groups, facilitation of inexpensive mass marriage ceremonies to avoid prohibitively costly dowry de...	The Muslim Brotherhood's competence compares well against what type of local governments?	[ "incompetent, inefficient, or neglectful", "incompetent, inefficient, or neglectful governments", "incompetent, inefficient, or neglectful" ]
squad-57283adcff5b5019007d9f96	squad2	answerable	[ "Following the Cretaceous–Paleogene extinction event, the extinction of the dinosaurs and the wetter climate may have allowed the tropical rainforest to spread out across the continent. From 66–34 Mya, the rainforest extended as far south as 45°. Climate fluctuations during the last 34 million years have allowed sa...	What has caused savanna regions to grow into the South American tropics in the last 34 million years?	[ "Climate fluctuations", "Climate fluctuations", "Climate fluctuations" ]
squad-572f57c704bcaa1900d7686d	squad2	answerable	[ "For the Conservatives, the main disappointment was the loss of Edinburgh Pentlands, the seat of former party leader David McLetchie, to the SNP. McLetchie was elected on the Lothian regional list and the Conservatives suffered a net loss of five seats, with leader Annabel Goldie claiming that their support had hel...	The Rhine forms an inland delta into which lake?	[ "Lake Constance", "Lake Constance", "Lake Constance", "Lake Constance" ]
squad-5729fefbaf94a219006aa73b	squad2	answerable	[ "Several public-key cryptography algorithms, such as RSA and the Diffie–Hellman key exchange, are based on large prime numbers (for example, 512-bit primes are frequently used for RSA and 1024-bit primes are typical for Diffie–Hellman.). RSA relies on the assumption that it is much easier (i.e., more efficient) to ...	At what age do immune responses typically begin to decline?	[ "around 50 years of age", "50", "around 50 years of age" ]
squad-570963a5200fba1400367f36	squad2	answerable	[ "Sky UK Limited (formerly British Sky Broadcasting or BSkyB) is a British telecommunications company which serves the United Kingdom. Sky provides television and broadband internet services and fixed line telephone services to consumers and businesses in the United Kingdom. It is the UK's largest pay-TV broadcaster...	what other digital TV service took Sky UK Limited's most popular spot?	[ "Freeview", "Freeview", "Freeview" ]
squad-57109275b654c5140001f99f	squad2	answerable	[ "Many of the same decisions and principles that apply in other criminal investigations and arrests arise also in civil disobedience cases. For example, the suspect may need to decide whether or not to grant a consent search of his property, and whether or not to talk to police officers. It is generally agreed withi...	What is the common term for the loss of key members of French society to Huguenot emigration?	[ "brain drain", "brain drain", "brain drain" ]
squad-5733d5704776f41900661310	squad2	answerable	[ "The French population numbered about 75,000 and was heavily concentrated along the St. Lawrence River valley, with some also in Acadia (present-day New Brunswick and parts of Nova Scotia, including Île Royale (present-day Cape Breton Island)). Fewer lived in New Orleans, Biloxi, Mississippi, Mobile, Alabama and sm...	Where did French fur trappers travel?	[ "St. Lawrence and Mississippi watersheds, did business with local tribes, and often married Indian women", "St. Lawrence and Mississippi watersheds", "throughout the St. Lawrence and Mississippi watersheds", "St. Lawrence and Mississippi", "the St. Lawrence and Mississippi watersheds" ]
squad-5733eb34d058e614000b65ce	squad2	answerable	[ "The Iroquois sent runners to the manor of William Johnson in upstate New York. The British Superintendent for Indian Affairs in the New York region and beyond, Johnson was known to the Iroquois as Warraghiggey, meaning \"He who does great things.\" He spoke their languages and had become a respected honorary membe...	What title did Iroquois give Johnson?	[ "colonel of the Iroquois", "He who does great things", "He who does great things.", "honorary member of the Iroquois Confederacy", "Warraghiggey" ]
squad-572885c44b864d1900164a7a	squad2	answerable	[ "The university runs a number of academic institutions and programs apart from its undergraduate and postgraduate schools. It operates the University of Chicago Laboratory Schools (a private day school for K-12 students and day care), the Sonia Shankman Orthogenic School (a residential treatment program for those w...	Where was the Central Secretariat based?	[ "Khanbaliq", "Khanbaliq", "Khanbaliq" ]
squad-56ddde6b9a695914005b962a	squad2	answerable	[ "The Normans (Norman: Nourmands; French: Normands; Latin: Normanni) were the people who in the 10th and 11th centuries gave their name to Normandy, a region in France. They were descended from Norse (\"Norman\" comes from \"Norseman\") raiders and pirates from Denmark, Iceland and Norway who, under their leader Rol...	From which countries did the Norse originate?	[ "Denmark, Iceland and Norway", "Denmark, Iceland and Norway", "Denmark, Iceland and Norway", "Denmark, Iceland and Norway" ]
squad-570d32e4fed7b91900d45d03	squad2	answerable	[ "Victorian schools are either publicly or privately funded. Public schools, also known as state or government schools, are funded and run directly by the Victoria Department of Education . Students do not pay tuition fees, but some extra costs are levied. Private fee-paying schools include parish schools run by the...	Since students do not pay tuition, what do they have to pay for schooling in Victoria?	[ "some extra costs", "some extra costs are levied", "extra costs" ]
squad-572f65e9b2c2fd14005680cd	squad2	answerable	[ "The Rhine is the longest river in Germany. It is here that the Rhine encounters some more of its main tributaries, such as the Neckar, the Main and, later, the Moselle, which contributes an average discharge of more than 300 m3/s (11,000 cu ft/s). Northeastern France drains to the Rhine via the Moselle; smaller ri...	What is the average discharge of the Moselle to the Rhine?	[ "300 m3/s (11,000 cu ft/s)", "300 m3/s", "300 m3/s" ]
squad-5710eb6fb654c5140001fa18	squad2	answerable	[ "Ersatzschulen are ordinary primary or secondary schools, which are run by private individuals, private organizations or religious groups. These schools offer the same types of diplomas as public schools. Ersatzschulen lack the freedom to operate completely outside of government regulation. Teachers at Ersatzschule...	What present-day area was this settlement near?	[ "Parris Island", "Southeastern U.S.", "Parris Island" ]
squad-5733f410d058e614000b6664	squad2	answerable	[ "News of the two battles reached England in August. After several months of negotiations, the government of the Duke of Newcastle decided to send an army expedition the following year to dislodge the French. They chose Major General Edward Braddock to lead the expedition. Word of the British military plans leaked t...	When did French learn about Braddock's plans?	[ "plans leaked to France well before Braddock's departure", "before Braddock's departure", "well before Braddock's departure for North America", "before Braddock's departure", "well before Braddock's departure for North America" ]
squad-5725bad5271a42140099d0c1	squad2	answerable	[ "On October 6, 1973, Syria and Egypt, with support from other Arab nations, launched a surprise attack on Israel, on Yom Kippur. This renewal of hostilities in the Arab–Israeli conflict released the underlying economic pressure on oil prices. At the time, Iran was the world's second-largest oil exporter and a close...	Why did the Shah of Iran gave an interview?	[ "renewal of hostilities in the Arab–Israeli conflict", "renewal of hostilities", ".", "the Arab–Israeli conflict released the underlying economic pressure on oil prices" ]
squad-57107c24a58dae1900cd69ea	squad2	answerable	[ "Stadtholder William III of Orange, who later became King of England, emerged as the strongest opponent of king Louis XIV after the French attacked the Dutch Republic in 1672. William formed the League of Augsburg as a coalition to oppose Louis and the French state. Consequently, many Huguenots considered the wealt...	What coalition rose up to oppose Louis XIV's France?	[ "League of Augsburg", "League of Augsburg", "League of Augsburg" ]
squad-57303048947a6a140053d258	squad2	answerable	[ "The U.S. government has engaged in efforts to counter Islamism, or violent Islamism, since 2001. These efforts were centred in the U.S. around public diplomacy programmes conducted by the State Department. There have been calls to create an independent agency in the U.S. with a specific mission of undermining Isla...	What was the U.S. Information Agency charged with doing during the Cold War?	[ "undermining the communist ideology", "undermining the communist ideology", "undermining the communist ideology" ]
squad-572fb059947a6a140053cb82	squad2	answerable	[ "In addition to the General Assembly Hall, the Parliament also used buildings rented from the City of Edinburgh Council. The former administrative building of Lothian Regional Council on George IV Bridge was used for the MSP's offices. Following the move to Holyrood in 2004 this building was demolished. The former ...	What happened to the building on George IV Bridge when the Parliament was done with it?	[ "demolished", "demolished", "demolished" ]
squad-5705f09e75f01819005e77a8	squad2	answerable	[ "Fundamental rights, as in human rights, were first recognised by the European Court of Justice in the late 60s and fundamental rights are now regarded as integral part of the general principles of European Union law. As such the European Court of Justice is bound to draw inspiration from the constitutional traditi...	Which Senator was a strong advocate for the Pico Act?	[ "Milton Latham", "Milton Latham", "Milton Latham" ]
squad-572ffc0f947a6a140053cef0	squad2	answerable	[ "In addition to identifying rocks in the field, petrologists identify rock samples in the laboratory. Two of the primary methods for identifying rocks in the laboratory are through optical microscopy and by using an electron microprobe. In an optical mineralogy analysis, thin sections of rock samples are analyzed t...	How did the Rhine extend watershed southward?	[ "stream capture", "stream capture", "stream capture" ]
squad-56e1f10ee3433e1400423224	squad2	answerable	[ "Similarly, it is not known if L (the set of all problems that can be solved in logarithmic space) is strictly contained in P or equal to P. Again, there are many complexity classes between the two, such as NL and NC, and it is not known if they are distinct or equal classes.", "Another cause is the rate at which...	What lies between L and P that prevents a definitive determination of the relationship between L and P?	[ "complexity classes", "many complexity classes", "many complexity classes" ]
squad-5728e07e3acd2414000e00ea	squad2	answerable	[ "Although lacking historical connections to the Middle East, Japan was the country most dependent on Arab oil. 71% of its imported oil came from the Middle East in 1970. On November 7, 1973, the Saudi and Kuwaiti governments declared Japan a \"nonfriendly\" country to encourage it to change its noninvolvement polic...	Why would a person chose civil disobedience against specific laws?	[ "judged \"wrong\" by an individual conscience", "they are judged \"wrong\" by an individual conscience", "they are judged \"wrong\" by an individual conscience", "to cause their repeal", "they are judged \"wrong\" by an individual conscience" ]
squad-572f57c704bcaa1900d7686e	squad2	answerable	[ "The mouth of the Rhine into Lake Constance forms an inland delta. The delta is delimited in the West by the Alter Rhein (\"Old Rhine\") and in the East by a modern canalized section. Most of the delta is a nature reserve and bird sanctuary. It includes the Austrian towns of Gaißau, Höchst and Fußach. The natural R...	What is the delta in the Rhine delimited in the west by?	[ "Alter Rhein", "Alter Rhein", "the Alter Rhein", "Alter Rhein" ]
squad-573786b51c4567190057448d	squad2	answerable	[ "The centre-left Australian Labor Party (ALP), the centre-right Liberal Party of Australia, the rural-based National Party of Australia, and the environmentalist Australian Greens are Victoria's main political parties. Traditionally, Labor is strongest in Melbourne's working class western and northern suburbs, and ...	How might gravity effects be observed differently according to Newton?	[ "at larger distances.", "at larger distances", "at larger distances", "at larger distances" ]
squad-57113639a58dae1900cd6d19	squad2	answerable	[ "It is a logical extension of the compound engine (described above) to split the expansion into yet more stages to increase efficiency. The result is the multiple expansion engine. Such engines use either three or four expansion stages and are known as triple and quadruple expansion engines respectively. These engi...	What are engines using four expansion stages known as?	[ "quadruple expansion engines", "quadruple", "quadruple expansion engines" ]
squad-57265700dd62a815002e8212	squad2	answerable	[ "In the first half of the 17th century, a plague claimed some 1.7 million victims in Italy, or about 14% of the population. In 1656, the plague killed about half of Naples' 300,000 inhabitants. More than 1.25 million deaths resulted from the extreme incidence of plague in 17th-century Spain. The plague of 1649 prob...	When was Europe's last major epidemic?	[ "1720 in Marseille.", "1720", "1720" ]
squad-571093aba58dae1900cd6a5f	squad2	answerable	[ "The pattern of warfare, followed by brief periods of peace, continued for nearly another quarter-century. The warfare was definitively quelled in 1598, when Henry of Navarre, having succeeded to the French throne as Henry IV, and having recanted Protestantism in favour of Roman Catholicism, issued the Edict of Nan...	The edict protected Catholics by discouraging what?	[ "the founding of new Protestant churches", "founding of new Protestant churches in Catholic-controlled regions", "the founding of new Protestant churches in Catholic-controlled regions" ]
squad-572ff673b2c2fd140056866b	squad2	answerable	[ "Jacques Legardeur de Saint-Pierre, who succeeded Marin as commander of the French forces after the latter died on October 29, invited Washington to dine with him. Over dinner, Washington presented Saint-Pierre with the letter from Dinwiddie demanding an immediate French withdrawal from the Ohio Country. Saint-Pier...	What is the nickname for the Delta in the Netherlands?	[ "Rhine Delta", "Rhine Delta", "Rhine Delta" ]
squad-57092322efce8f15003a7db1	squad2	answerable	[ "From their original homelands in Scandinavia and northern Europe, Germanic tribes expanded throughout northern and western Europe in the middle period of classical antiquity; southern Europe in late antiquity, conquering Celtic and other peoples; and by 800 CE, forming the Holy Roman Empire, the first German Empir...	Who is the UK's largest digital subscription television company?	[ "BSkyB", "BSkyB", "BSkyB" ]
squad-570d391fb3d812140066d577	squad2	answerable	[ "The Victorian Alps in the northeast are the coldest part of Victoria. The Alps are part of the Great Dividing Range mountain system extending east-west through the centre of Victoria. Average temperatures are less than 9 °C (48 °F) in winter and below 0 °C (32 °F) in the highest parts of the ranges. The state's lo...	In what direction does the mountain system extend?	[ "east-west", "east-west", "east-west" ]
squad-573776eec3c5551400e51eec	squad2	answerable	[ "To further highlight the difference between a problem and an instance, consider the following instance of the decision version of the traveling salesman problem: Is there a route of at most 2000 kilometres passing through all of Germany's 15 largest cities? The quantitative answer to this particular problem instan...	Where will a canonball dropped from the crow's nest of a ship land according to Aristotle?	[ "behind the foot of the mast", "straight down", "behind the foot of the mast", "behind the foot of the mast", "behind the foot of the mast of a moving ship" ]
squad-572863c72ca10214002da2d6	squad2	answerable	[ "The correlation between capitalism, aristocracy, and imperialism has long been debated among historians and political theorists. Much of the debate was pioneered by such theorists as J. A. Hobson (1858–1940), Joseph Schumpeter (1883–1950), Thorstein Veblen (1857–1929), and Norman Angell (1872–1967). While these no...	Who was Genghis's 3rd son?	[ "Ögedei Khan", "Ögedei Khan", "Ögedei Khan" ]
squad-572940973f37b319004781a5	squad2	answerable	[ "In 2010 the Amazon rainforest experienced another severe drought, in some ways more extreme than the 2005 drought. The affected region was approximate 1,160,000 square miles (3,000,000 km2) of rainforest, compared to 734,000 square miles (1,900,000 km2) in 2005. The 2010 drought had three epicenters where vegetati...	What did the IPCC say was mistaken?	[ "the date", "the date", "the date" ]
squad-572a03a06aef0514001551ac	squad2	answerable	[ "Many types of Turing machines are used to define complexity classes, such as deterministic Turing machines, probabilistic Turing machines, non-deterministic Turing machines, quantum Turing machines, symmetric Turing machines and alternating Turing machines. They are all equally powerful in principle, but when reso...	If one computer model turns out correct, by what year would there be a nearly complete loss of rainforest in the Amazon basin?	[ "2100", "by 2100", "2100" ]
squad-57287ccb2ca10214002da3dc	squad2	answerable	[ "Citizenship of the EU has increasingly been seen as a \"fundamental\" status of member state nationals by the Court of Justice, and has accordingly increased the number of social services that people can access wherever they move. The Court has required that higher education, along with other forms of vocational t...	What legitimate dynasty came before the Yuan?	[ "Song", "Song dynasty", "the Song dynasty" ]
squad-572900f73f37b31900477f6b	squad2	answerable	[ "Inflammation is one of the first responses of the immune system to infection. The symptoms of inflammation are redness, swelling, heat, and pain, which are caused by increased blood flow into tissue. Inflammation is produced by eicosanoids and cytokines, which are released by injured or infected cells. Eicosanoids...	What compounds are released by injured or infected cells, triggering inflammation?	[ "eicosanoids and cytokines", "eicosanoids and cytokines", "eicosanoids" ]
squad-57293bc91d0469140077919c	squad2	answerable	[ "Korean economist Hoesung Lee is the chair of the IPCC since October 8, 2015, following the election of the new IPCC Bureau. Before this election, the IPCC was led by his vice-Chair Ismail El Gizouli, who was designated acting Chair after the resignation of Rajendra K. Pachauri in February 2015. The previous chairs...	What nationality is Hoesung Lee?	[ "Korean", "onomist", "Korean" ]
squad-572a18a4af94a219006aa7e3	squad2	answerable	[ "An evasion strategy used by several pathogens to avoid the innate immune system is to hide within the cells of their host (also called intracellular pathogenesis). Here, a pathogen spends most of its life-cycle inside host cells, where it is shielded from direct contact with immune cells, antibodies and complement...	What are longer growth spells associated with?	[ "more equality in the income distribution", "more equality", "equality in the income distribution" ]
squad-57294209af94a219006aa201	squad2	answerable	[ "Oxygen presents two spectrophotometric absorption bands peaking at the wavelengths 687 and 760 nm. Some remote sensing scientists have proposed using the measurement of the radiance coming from vegetation canopies in those bands to characterize plant health status from a satellite platform. This approach exploits ...	When was the paper published that the "Millennial Northern Hemisphere temperature reconstruction" graph was based on?	[ "1999", "1999", "1999" ]
squad-57269f3ef1498d1400e8e535	squad2	answerable	[ "In February 2010, in response to controversies regarding claims in the Fourth Assessment Report, five climate scientists – all contributing or lead IPCC report authors – wrote in the journal Nature calling for changes to the IPCC. They suggested a range of new organizational options, from tightening the selection ...	What does the First Company Law Directive article 11 require?	[ "incorporations would only be nullified for a fixed list of reasons", "incorporations would only be nullified for a fixed list of reasons", "incorporations would only be nullified for a fixed list of reasons" ]
squad-56e1e9dfe3433e14004231fd	squad2	answerable	[ "The graph isomorphism problem is the computational problem of determining whether two finite graphs are isomorphic. An important unsolved problem in complexity theory is whether the graph isomorphism problem is in P, NP-complete, or NP-intermediate. The answer is not known, but it is believed that the problem is a...	What class is most commonly not ascribed to the graph isomorphism problem in spite of definitive determination?	[ "NP-complete", "NP-complete", "NP-complete" ]
squad-573796edc3c5551400e51f34	squad2	answerable	[ "The strong force only acts directly upon elementary particles. However, a residual of the force is observed between hadrons (the best known example being the force that acts between nucleons in atomic nuclei) as the nuclear force. Here the strong force acts indirectly, transmitted as gluons, which form part of the...	What can be seen between hadrons?	[ "residual of the force", "residual of the force", "nucleons in atomic nuclei", "a residual of the force" ]
squad-5729f5a03f37b31900478608	squad2	answerable	[ "Gamma delta T cells (γδ T cells) possess an alternative T cell receptor (TCR) as opposed to CD4+ and CD8+ (αβ) T cells and share the characteristics of helper T cells, cytotoxic T cells and NK cells. The conditions that produce responses from γδ T cells are not fully understood. Like other 'unconventional' T cell ...	Gamma delta T cells rearrange TCR genes to produce what?	[ "receptor diversity", "receptor diversity", "receptor diversity" ]
squad-57300580b2c2fd140056874e	squad2	answerable	[ "The zeta function is closely related to prime numbers. For example, the aforementioned fact that there are infinitely many primes can also be seen using the zeta function: if there were only finitely many primes then ζ(1) would have a finite value. However, the harmonic series 1 + 1/2 + 1/3 + 1/4 + ... diverges (i...	What increased in the Rhine because of the land clearance in the upland areas?	[ "sediment load", "sediment load", "sediment load" ]
squad-5733a5f54776f41900660f48	squad2	answerable	[ "One of the most famous people born in Warsaw was Maria Skłodowska-Curie, who achieved international recognition for her research on radioactivity and was the first female recipient of the Nobel Prize. Famous musicians include Władysław Szpilman and Frédéric Chopin. Though Chopin was born in the village of Żelazowa...	What year was Casimir Pulaski born in Warsaw?	[ "1745", "1745", "1745" ]
squad-5726a299dd62a815002e8ba2	squad2	answerable	[ "IPCC author Richard Lindzen has made a number of criticisms of the TAR. Among his criticisms, Lindzen has stated that the WGI Summary for Policymakers (SPM) does not faithfully summarize the full WGI report. For example, Lindzen states that the SPM understates the uncertainty associated with climate models. John H...	When did the European Council task an entity with drafting a European Charter of Human Rights?	[ "1999", "1999", "1999" ]
squad-56e1ba41cd28a01900c67ae0	squad2	answerable	[ "For example, consider the deterministic sorting algorithm quicksort. This solves the problem of sorting a list of integers that is given as the input. The worst-case is when the input is sorted or sorted in reverse order, and the algorithm takes time O(n2) for this case. If we assume that all possible permutations...	What provides a solution to a list of integers provided as input that ned to be sorted?	[ "deterministic sorting algorithm quicksort", "quicksort", "the deterministic sorting algorithm quicksort" ]
squad-5711619950c2381900b54ab1	squad2	answerable	[ "Oxygen condenses at 90.20 K (−182.95 °C, −297.31 °F), and freezes at 54.36 K (−218.79 °C, −361.82 °F). Both liquid and solid O\n2 are clear substances with a light sky-blue color caused by absorption in the red (in contrast with the blue color of the sky, which is due to Rayleigh scattering of blue light). High-pu...	Compared to Smeaton's improvement on Newcomen's engine, how much coal did Watt's engine use?	[ "half", "half as much", "half as much coal", "half" ]
squad-5729517d6aef051400154cc9	squad2	answerable	[ "It has been argued that the term \"civil disobedience\" has always suffered from ambiguity and in modern times, become utterly debased. Marshall Cohen notes, \"It has been used to describe everything from bringing a test-case in the federal courts to taking aim at a federal official. Indeed, for Vice President Agn...	What can the IPCC's report deadlines cause to be omitted?	[ "significant new evidence or events that change our understanding of climate science", "significant new evidence or events that change our understanding", "significant new evidence or events that change our understanding of climate science" ]
squad-57113f83b654c5140001fc2a	squad2	answerable	[ "Notable faculty in physics have included the speed of light calculator A. A. Michelson, elementary charge calculator Robert A. Millikan, discoverer of the Compton Effect Arthur H. Compton, the creator of the first nuclear reactor Enrico Fermi, \"the father of the hydrogen bomb\" Edward Teller, \"one of the most br...	What are the stages in a compound engine called?	[ "expansions", "expansions", "expansions" ]
squad-57268066708984140094c821	squad2	answerable	[ "In the United Kingdom and several other Commonwealth countries including Australia and Canada, the use of the term is generally restricted to primary and secondary educational levels; it is almost never used of universities and other tertiary institutions. Private education in North America covers the whole gamut ...	The analysis of stratigraphic sections such as drill cores is done by who?	[ "stratigraphers", "stratigraphers", "stratigraphers" ]
squad-5727ec062ca10214002d99b6	squad2	answerable	[ "In a purely capitalist mode of production (i.e. where professional and labor organizations cannot limit the number of workers) the workers wages will not be controlled by these organizations, or by the employer, but rather by the market. Wages work in the same way as prices for any other good. Thus, wages can be c...	What is controled by the market and economy?	[ "workers wages", "workers wages", "wages" ]
squad-5705e4fe75f01819005e7704	squad2	answerable	[ "New techniques of building construction are being researched, made possible by advances in 3D printing technology. In a form of additive building construction, similar to the additive manufacturing techniques for manufactured parts, building printing is making it possible to flexibly construct small commercial bui...	What is the name of the water body that is found to the east?	[ "Colorado River", "the Colorado River", "Colorado River" ]
squad-56de3efccffd8e1900b4b6fe	squad2	answerable	[ "Long-term active memory is acquired following infection by activation of B and T cells. Active immunity can also be generated artificially, through vaccination. The principle behind vaccination (also called immunization) is to introduce an antigen from a pathogen in order to stimulate the immune system and develop...	How long did Western Europe control Cyprus?	[ "380 years", "380 years", "380 years" ]
squad-572759dbdd62a815002e9b95	squad2	answerable	[ "As of 2012, quality private schools in the United States charged substantial tuition, close to $40,000 annually for day schools in New York City, and nearly $50,000 for boarding schools. However, tuition did not cover operating expenses, particularly at boarding schools. The leading schools such as the Groton Scho...	What would a parent have to pay to send their child to a boarding school in 2012?	[ "$50,000", "$50,000", "$50,000" ]
squad-572759665951b619008f8886	squad2	answerable	[ "Private schooling in the United States has been debated by educators, lawmakers and parents, since the beginnings of compulsory education in Massachusetts in 1852. The Supreme Court precedent appears to favor educational choice, so long as states may set standards for educational accomplishment. Some of the most r...	What is the citation for the Pierce v. Society of Sisters case?	[ "268 U.S. 510", "268 U.S. 510", "268 U.S. 510 (1925)" ]
squad-573750f61c4567190057446a	squad2	answerable	[ "Newton's Second Law asserts the direct proportionality of acceleration to force and the inverse proportionality of acceleration to mass. Accelerations can be defined through kinematic measurements. However, while kinematics are well-described through reference frame analysis in advanced physics, there are still de...	What is missing a theory on quantum gravity?	[ "General relativity", "coherent theory of quantum gravity", "General relativity", "General relativity" ]
squad-572856beff5b5019007da193	squad2	answerable	[ "There were 158,349 households, of which 68,511 (43.3%) had children under the age of 18 living in them, 69,284 (43.8%) were opposite-sex married couples living together, 30,547 (19.3%) had a female householder with no husband present, 11,698 (7.4%) had a male householder with no wife present. There were 12,843 (8....	In what year was the Joe and Rika Mansueto Library constructed?	[ "2011", "2011", "2011" ]
squad-5726b718dd62a815002e8dc0	squad2	answerable	[ "The university runs a number of academic institutions and programs apart from its undergraduate and postgraduate schools. It operates the University of Chicago Laboratory Schools (a private day school for K-12 students and day care), the Sonia Shankman Orthogenic School (a residential treatment program for those w...	Article 34 meant states could be responsible for what?	[ "private actors", "private actors", "private actors" ]
squad-571136b8a58dae1900cd6d23	squad2	answerable	[ "In the 1840s and 50s, there were attempts to overcome this problem by means of various patent valve gears with a separate, variable cutoff expansion valve riding on the back of the main slide valve; the latter usually had fixed or limited cutoff. The combined setup gave a fair approximation of the ideal events, at...	Along with Stephenson and Walschaerts, what is an example of a simple motion?	[ "Joy", "Joy", "Joy" ]
squad-572fc659b2c2fd140056844a	squad2	answerable	[ "The Lobata have a pair of lobes, which are muscular, cuplike extensions of the body that project beyond the mouth. Their inconspicuous tentacles originate from the corners of the mouth, running in convoluted grooves and spreading out over the inner surface of the lobes (rather than trailing far behind, as in the C...	Who contributes to Members Business in addition to the proposer?	[ "other members", "other members", "other members" ]
squad-570d2f5bfed7b91900d45cd2	squad2	answerable	[ "Victoria has a written constitution enacted in 1975, but based on the 1855 colonial constitution, passed by the United Kingdom Parliament as the Victoria Constitution Act 1855, which establishes the Parliament as the state's law-making body for matters coming under state responsibility. The Victorian Constitution ...	What are the exceptions in the constitution that require special considerations to amend?	[ "\"entrenched\" provisions", "certain \"entrenched\" provisions", "\"entrenched\" provisions" ]
squad-57302bd0b2c2fd14005689db	squad2	answerable	[ "Jacksonville has suffered less damage from hurricanes than most other east coast cities, although the threat does exist for a direct hit by a major hurricane. The city has only received one direct hit from a hurricane since 1871; however, Jacksonville has experienced hurricane or near-hurricane conditions more tha...	What type of group is The Islamic State?	[ "Wahhabi/Salafi jihadist extremist militant", "Wahhabi/Salafi jihadist extremist militant group", "extremist militant" ]
squad-5725c0f289a1e219009abdf2	squad2	answerable	[ "Rail transport in Victoria is provided by several private and public railway operators who operate over government-owned lines. Major operators include: Metro Trains Melbourne which runs an extensive, electrified, passenger system throughout Melbourne and suburbs; V/Line which is now owned by the Victorian Governm...	What is a ctenophora?	[ "phylum of animals that live in marine waters", "a phylum of animals", "comb jellies" ]
squad-571c8eb9dd7acb1400e4c0f8	squad2	answerable	[ "BSkyB utilises the VideoGuard pay-TV scrambling system owned by NDS, a Cisco Systems company. There are tight controls over use of VideoGuard decoders; they are not available as stand-alone DVB CAMs (conditional-access modules). BSkyB has design authority over all digital satellite receivers capable of receiving t...	What did Lavoisier perceive the air had lost as much as the tin had gained	[ "weight", "weight", "weight", "weight", "weight" ]
squad-57264a8cdd62a815002e8090	squad2	answerable	[ "The European Commission is the main executive body of the European Union. Article 17(1) of the Treaty on European Union states the Commission should \"promote the general interest of the Union\" while Article 17(3) adds that Commissioners should be \"completely independent\" and not \"take instructions from any Go...	Who is the current President and the High Representative for Foreign and Security Policy?	[ "Federica Mogherini", "Jean-Claude Juncker", "Jean-Claude Juncker", "Jean-Claude Juncker" ]
squad-572a096e6aef0514001551e6	squad2	answerable	[ "The area of the modern city of Jacksonville has been inhabited for thousands of years. On Black Hammock Island in the national Timucuan Ecological and Historic Preserve, a University of North Florida team discovered some of the oldest remnants of pottery in the United States, dating to 2500 BC. In the 16th century...	The restriction modification system is used by bacteria for protection from what pathogens?	[ "bacteriophages", "viral", "bacteriophages" ]
squad-573005b9947a6a140053cf6a	squad2	answerable	[ "The quick and decisive defeat of the Arab troops during the Six-Day War by Israeli troops constituted a pivotal event in the Arab Muslim world. The defeat along with economic stagnation in the defeated countries, was blamed on the secular Arab nationalism of the ruling regimes. A steep and steady decline in the po...	What was the defeat of the Arab troops at the hand of the Israeli troops during the Six-Day War?	[ "quick and decisive", "quick and decisive defeat", "quick and decisive" ]
squad-570d4030fed7b91900d45da2	squad2	answerable	[ "Céloron's expedition force consisted of about 200 Troupes de la marine and 30 Indians. The expedition covered about 3,000 miles (4,800 km) between June and November 1749. It went up the St. Lawrence, continued along the northern shore of Lake Ontario, crossed the portage at Niagara, and followed the southern shore...	What type of rail line is Pacific National?	[ "freight services", "freight", "freight" ]
squad-5729517d6aef051400154cc8	squad2	answerable	[ "Since the IPCC does not carry out its own research, it operates on the basis of scientific papers and independently documented results from other scientific bodies, and its schedule for producing reports requires a deadline for submissions prior to the report's final release. In principle, this means that any sign...	What does the IPCC rely on for research?	[ "other scientific bodies", "scientific papers and independently documented results", "scientific papers and independently documented results from other scientific bodies" ]
squad-5733e771d058e614000b6545	squad2	answerable	[ "The 2010 United States Census reported that Fresno had a population of 494,665. The population density was 4,404.5 people per square mile (1,700.6/km²). The racial makeup of Fresno was 245,306 (49.6%) White, 40,960 (8.3%) African American, 8,525 (1.7%) Native American, 62,528 (12.6%) Asian (3.6% Hmong, 1.7% Indian...	What was the North American portion of War of Austrian Succession?	[ "King George's War", "King George's War", "King George's War", "King George's War" ]
squad-572754fff1498d1400e8f663	squad2	answerable	[ "Fourth, national courts have a duty to interpret domestic law \"as far as possible in the light of the wording and purpose of the directive\". Textbooks (though not the Court itself) often called this \"indirect effect\". In Marleasing SA v La Comercial SA the Court of Justice held that a Spanish Court had to inte...	Who inspects the building periodically to ensure that the construction adheres to the approved plans and the local building code?	[ "the municipal building inspector", "municipal building inspector", "the municipal building inspector" ]
squad-572ffd75b2c2fd14005686e5	squad2	answerable	[ "It is tempting to think that the notion of function problems is much richer than the notion of decision problems. However, this is not really the case, since function problems can be recast as decision problems. For example, the multiplication of two integers can be expressed as the set of triples (a, b, c) such t...	When did the last glacial start?	[ "74,000 (BP", "~74,000 (BP = Before Present)", "~74,000 (BP = Before Present)" ]
squad-5733ef47d058e614000b662c	squad2	answerable	[ "Sometimes the prosecution proposes a plea bargain to civil disobedients, as in the case of the Camden 28, in which the defendants were offered an opportunity to plead guilty to one misdemeanor count and receive no jail time. In some mass arrest situations, the activists decide to use solidarity tactics to secure t...	Who did Dinwiddie order to address French in Virginia territory?	[ "Major George Washington", "George Washington", "Major George Washington", "George Washington", "Major George Washington" ]
squad-5728455bff5b5019007da07c	squad2	answerable	[ "NASA's CALIPSO satellite has measured the amount of dust transported by wind from the Sahara to the Amazon: an average 182 million tons of dust are windblown out of the Sahara each year, at 15 degrees west longitude, across 1,600 miles (2,600 km) over the Atlantic Ocean (some dust falls into the Atlantic), then at...	How much Saharan dust is blown and falls upon the Caribbean Sea each year?	[ "43 million tons", "43 million tons", "43 million tons" ]
squad-5729e1101d04691400779643	squad2	answerable	[ "Their local rivals, Polonia Warsaw, have significantly fewer supporters, yet they managed to win Ekstraklasa Championship in 2000. They also won the country’s championship in 1946, and won the cup twice as well. Polonia's home venue is located at Konwiktorska Street, a ten-minute walk north from the Old Town. Polo...	What type of wages do people unable to afford an education receive?	[ "lower", "lower wages", "lower wages" ]

End of preview. Expand in Data Studio

breezy-eval (v1)

Grounded-QA evaluation for the Breezy model: answerable / unanswerable / retrieval-miss questions with the passages supplied.

squad2 items are derived from SQuAD 2.0 validation (CC BY-SA 4.0, Rajpurkar et al.), so this dataset is released under the same license.
synthetic items use invented names and facts (no real-world knowledge can help). Each line: id, source, family, condition, passages (list), question, answers (list; empty = the model should abstain).

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