Datasets:

joyboseroy
/

MarxGraph

Error code:   DatasetGenerationCastError
Exception:    DatasetGenerationCastError
Message:      An error occurred while generating the dataset

All the data files must have the same columns, but at some point there are 7 new columns ({'rationale', 'key_earlier_claims', 'concept', 'later_author', 'transformation', 'earlier_author', 'key_later_claims'}) and 5 missing columns ({'claim_id', 'author', 'title', 'claim', 'evidence_span'}).

This happened while the csv dataset builder was generating data using

hf://datasets/joyboseroy/MarxGraph/validation_evolution_annotated.csv (at revision 20bd83c6bdacd2dbe126e8dd48eb2b922480eaf7), ['hf://datasets/joyboseroy/MarxGraph@20bd83c6bdacd2dbe126e8dd48eb2b922480eaf7/validation_claims_annotated.csv', 'hf://datasets/joyboseroy/MarxGraph@20bd83c6bdacd2dbe126e8dd48eb2b922480eaf7/validation_evolution_annotated.csv']

Please either edit the data files to have matching columns, or separate them into different configurations (see docs at https://hf.co/docs/hub/datasets-manual-configuration#multiple-configurations)
Traceback:    Traceback (most recent call last):
                File "/usr/local/lib/python3.14/site-packages/datasets/builder.py", line 1837, in _prepare_split_single
                  writer.write_table(table)
                  ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~^^^^^^^
                File "/usr/local/lib/python3.14/site-packages/datasets/arrow_writer.py", line 765, in write_table
                  self._write_table(pa_table, writer_batch_size=writer_batch_size)
                  ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
                File "/usr/local/lib/python3.14/site-packages/datasets/arrow_writer.py", line 773, in _write_table
                  pa_table = table_cast(pa_table, self._schema)
                File "/usr/local/lib/python3.14/site-packages/datasets/table.py", line 2369, in table_cast
                  return cast_table_to_schema(table, schema)
                File "/usr/local/lib/python3.14/site-packages/datasets/table.py", line 2297, in cast_table_to_schema
                  raise CastError(
                  ...<3 lines>...
                  )
              datasets.table.CastError: Couldn't cast
              concept: string
              earlier_author: string
              later_author: string
              transformation: string
              rationale: string
              key_earlier_claims: string
              key_later_claims: string
              confidence: double
              human_correct: string
              notes: string
              -- schema metadata --
              pandas: '{"index_columns": [{"kind": "range", "name": null, "start": 0, "' + 1515
              to
              {'claim_id': Value('string'), 'author': Value('string'), 'title': Value('string'), 'claim': Value('string'), 'evidence_span': Value('string'), 'confidence': Value('float64'), 'human_correct': Value('string'), 'notes': Value('string')}
              because column names don't match
              
              During handling of the above exception, another exception occurred:
              
              Traceback (most recent call last):
                File "/src/services/worker/src/worker/job_runners/config/parquet_and_info.py", line 1369, in compute_config_parquet_and_info_response
                  parquet_operations, partial, estimated_dataset_info = stream_convert_to_parquet(
                                                                        ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~^
                      builder, max_dataset_size_bytes=max_dataset_size_bytes
                      ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
                  )
                  ^
                File "/src/services/worker/src/worker/job_runners/config/parquet_and_info.py", line 948, in stream_convert_to_parquet
                  builder._prepare_split(split_generator=splits_generators[split], file_format="parquet")
                  ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
                File "/usr/local/lib/python3.14/site-packages/datasets/builder.py", line 1683, in _prepare_split
                  for job_id, done, content in self._prepare_split_single(
                                               ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~^
                      gen_kwargs=gen_kwargs, job_id=job_id, **_prepare_split_args
                      ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
                  ):
                  ^
                File "/usr/local/lib/python3.14/site-packages/datasets/builder.py", line 1839, in _prepare_split_single
                  raise DatasetGenerationCastError.from_cast_error(
                  ...<4 lines>...
                  )
              datasets.exceptions.DatasetGenerationCastError: An error occurred while generating the dataset
              
              All the data files must have the same columns, but at some point there are 7 new columns ({'rationale', 'key_earlier_claims', 'concept', 'later_author', 'transformation', 'earlier_author', 'key_later_claims'}) and 5 missing columns ({'claim_id', 'author', 'title', 'claim', 'evidence_span'}).
              
              This happened while the csv dataset builder was generating data using
              
              hf://datasets/joyboseroy/MarxGraph/validation_evolution_annotated.csv (at revision 20bd83c6bdacd2dbe126e8dd48eb2b922480eaf7), ['hf://datasets/joyboseroy/MarxGraph@20bd83c6bdacd2dbe126e8dd48eb2b922480eaf7/validation_claims_annotated.csv', 'hf://datasets/joyboseroy/MarxGraph@20bd83c6bdacd2dbe126e8dd48eb2b922480eaf7/validation_evolution_annotated.csv']
              
              Please either edit the data files to have matching columns, or separate them into different configurations (see docs at https://hf.co/docs/hub/datasets-manual-configuration#multiple-configurations)

Need help to make the dataset viewer work? Make sure to review how to configure the dataset viewer, and open a discussion for direct support.

claim_id string	author string	title string	claim string	evidence_span string	confidence float64	human_correct string	notes null
trotsky_history-of-the-russian-revolution-trotsky__p0665__c1	trotsky	History Of The Russian Revolution Trotsky	Tacking became for the Compromisers a form of existence.	Tacking became for them a form of existence.	0.95	y	null
luxemburg_accumulation-capital__p0218__c2	luxemburg	The Accumulation of Capital	Say's only achievement was to give a pompous and dogmatic form to an idea already expressed by earlier writers.	Says only achievement lies in having given a pompous and dogmatic form to an idea that others had expressed before him.	0.94	y	null
mixed_marx_engels_german-ideology__p0395__c0	mixed_marx_engels	German Ideology	Stirner is unable to say anything about the subject itself, and right is what delves into his bowels	that right “delved” into his bowels and that he merely recorded the fact that right is not to his liking	0.96	y	null
mao_mao-selected-works-1__p0333__c0	mao	Selected Works, Volume I (incl. On Practice, On Contradiction)	The identity of opposites refers to real and concrete opposites and their concrete transformations into one another.	In speaking of the identity of opposites in given conditions, what we are referring to is real and concrete opposites and the real and concrete transformations of opposites into one another.	0.96	y	null
mao_mao-selected-works-1__p0155__c0	mao	Selected Works, Volume I (incl. On Practice, On Contradiction)	The workers, peasants and urban petty bourgeoisie remain the motive forces of the revolution, with the national bourgeoisie potentially added as a further force.	Basically, the workers, the peasants and the urban petty bourgeoisie arc still the motive forces of the revolution, but now there may be the national bourgeoisie as well.	0.96	y	null
mao_mao-selected-works-1__p0029__c0	mao	Selected Works, Volume I (incl. On Practice, On Contradiction)	The presence of peasants armed with spears has caused police, armed guards and bailiffs to avoid villages and cease their extortions	The armed guards, the police and the bailiffs all keep out of the way and dare not go near the villages... they tremble at the sight of the peasants' spears.	0.97	y	null
stalin_foundations-leninism__p0077__c3	stalin	The Foundations of Leninism	Without such a struggle, educating the working class of ruling nations in the spirit of true internationalism and preparing them for proletarian revolution is impossible.	Without such a struggle the education of the working class of the ruling nations in the spirit of true internationalism, in the spirit of closer relations with the toiling masses of the dependent countries and colonies, in the spirit of real preparation for the proletarian revolution, is inconceivable	0.95	y	null
trotsky_history-of-the-russian-revolution-trotsky__p0057__c2	trotsky	History Of The Russian Revolution Trotsky	Stolypin described the policy as “banking on the strong ones,” meaning the state encouraged wealthy peasants to acquire communal land and become supporters of the regime.	Stolypin ... described ... as “banking on the strong ones.” This meant: encourage the upper circles of the peasantry to get hold of the communal land ... and convert these new capitalist farmers into a support for the existing régime	0.95	y	null
lenin_renegade-kautsky__p0140__c3	lenin	The Proletarian Revolution and the Renegade Kautsky	Dialectics reject absolute truths and explain the successive changes of opposites and the significance of crises in history	Dialectics repudiate absolute truths and explain the successive changes of opposites and the significance of crises in history	1	y	null
lenin_two-tactics__p0104__c0	lenin	Two Tactics of Social-Democracy	The revolutionary-democratic dictatorship of the proletariat and the peasantry inevitably follows from the entire Marxian worldview and program.	the concept of the revolutionary-democratic dictatorship of the proletariat and the peasantry, which inevitably follows from the entire Marxian world outlook and from our program	0.95	y	null
stalin_foundations-leninism__p0023__c1	stalin	The Foundations of Leninism	The theory of worshipping spontaneity opposes the revolutionary character of the working‑class movement and favors only demands acceptable to capitalism.	The theory of worshipping spontaneity is decidedly opposed to the revolutionary character of the working class movement; it is in favour of the movement proceeding exclusively along the line of “realisable demands…acceptable” to capitalism.	0.94	y	null
stalin_d-and-h-materialism-stalin__p0035__c9	stalin	Dialectical and Historical Materialism	Productive forces in the USSR develop at an accelerated pace because the corresponding relations of production fully accommodate them.	For this reason, the productive forces here develop at an accelerated pace; for the relations of production that correspond to them offer full scope for such development.	0.95	y	null
mixed_marx_engels_capital-v4__p0224__c5	mixed_marx_engels	Capital V4	Under the influence of and in contradiction to the Physiocrats, Adam Smith formulates a second definition of “productive labour”.	Hence arises, under the influence of and in contradiction to the Physiocrats, his second definition of what is “productive labour”.	0.94	y	null
mao_mao-selected-works-1__p0367__c5	mao	Selected Works, Volume I (incl. On Practice, On Contradiction)	The nine‑power treaty aimed to create joint control of China by imperialist powers, cleared the way for exclusive U.S. domination, and intended to frustrate Japan's plans for exclusive domination.	The aim of this treaty was to create a situation in which the imperialist powers had joint control of China, and it actually cleared the way for exclusive domination by the U.S. imperialists, the purpose being to frustrate Japan's plans for exclusive domination.	0.95	y	null
trotsky_results-prospects-trotsky__p0049__c1	trotsky	Results Prospects Trotsky	Dividing the programme into maximum and minimum parts has profound principled significance while the bourgeoisie holds power.	The division of our programme into maximum and minimum programmes has a profound and tremendous principled significance during the period when power lies in the hands of the bourgeoisie.	0.95	y	null
lenin_left-wing-communism__p0050__c5	lenin	Left-Wing Communism: An Infantile Disorder	Advocating a blanket refusal to participate in bourgeois‑democratic parliaments is fundamentally wrong and detrimental to the revolutionary proletariat.	the advocacy, even if with reservations, by the Dutch and the other "Lefts" of refusal to participate in parliaments is fundamentally wrong and detrimental to the cause of the revolutionary proletariat	0.93	y	null
mixed_marx_engels_eighteenth-brumaire__p0118__c1	mixed_marx_engels	Eighteenth Brumaire	People act only when a situation arises that makes retreat impossible and the conditions themselves demand action	people do not act until: “a situation is created which makes all turning back impossible, and the conditions themselves call out: Here is the rose, here dance!”	0.94	y	null
mixed_marx_engels_capital-v4__p1611__c0	mixed_marx_engels	Capital V4	If a labourer is paid in the article he produces and a saving of expense occurs while his cost of production remains the same, he must receive a larger quantity proportionate to the increased productive power of capital, and the capitalist’s outlay remains proportionate to the return, so profits do not rise.	Assuming, therefore, that the labourer is paid in the very article he produces, it is evident that, when any saving of expense takes place in the production of that article, if the labourer still receives the same cost of production as before, he must receive an increased quantity, in the very same ratio in which the p...	0.96	y	null
lenin_state-and-revolution__p0076__c0	lenin	The State and Revolution	Engels described the German Social-Democrats' fear of a renewal of the Anti‑Socialist Law as opportunism.	Engels particularly stressed ... and explicitly described it as opportunism;	0.95	y	null
stalin_d-and-h-materialism-stalin__p0011__c6	stalin	Dialectical and Historical Materialism	Consciousness is secondary and derivative, being a reflection of matter.	consciousness is secondary, derivative, since it is a reflection of matter	0.95	y	null
luxemburg_accumulation-capital__p0347__c3	luxemburg	The Accumulation of Capital	If accumulation continues, constant capital must increase both absolutely and relatively to total new value, and the rate of surplus value must also increase.	Rather, if accumulation continues, c , the constant capital of both departments, must increase not only absolutely but also relatively to v + c or the total new value ... the surplus value must increase relatively to the variable capital ... the rate of surplus value ... must similarly increase.	0.94	y	null
trotsky_revolution-betrayed-trotsky__p0261__c5	trotsky	Revolution Betrayed Trotsky	The prohibition of other parties has been transformed from a temporary evil into a principle.	The prohibition of other parties, from being a temporary evil, has been erected into a principle.	0.94	y	null
stalin_foundations-leninism__p0028__c1	stalin	The Foundations of Leninism	Lenin asserts that imperialism is the eve of the socialist revolution.	Lenin combines all these conclusions into one general conclusion that “ imperialism is the eve of the socialist revolution ” (see Vol. XIX, p. 71).	0.9	y	null
mao_mao-selected-works-1__p0091__c1	mao	Selected Works, Volume I (incl. On Practice, On Contradiction)	Party decisions are now carried out fairly well and erroneous demands for bottom‑up democratic centralism are no longer raised.	Party decisions are now carried out fairly well; and no longer does anyone bring up such erroneous demands as that the Red Army should apply "democratic centralism from the bottom to the top" or should "let the lower levels discuss all problems first, and then let the higher levels decide".	0.95	y	null
mixed_marx_engels_capital-v4__p1067__c3	mixed_marx_engels	Capital V4	Ricardo assumes, from the outset, that the length of the working day is given.	From the outset he assumes ... that the length of the working-day is given	0.95	y	null
lenin_renegade-kautsky__p0054__c2	lenin	The Proletarian Revolution and the Renegade Kautsky	Kautsky’s pamphlet on The Dictatorship of the Proletariat raises the question of a state higher than a democratic bourgeois republic but ignores the question.	Here is the most prominent theoretician ... in a special pamphlet on The Dictatorship of the Proletariat, specially dealing with Russia, where the question of a form of state that is higher than a democratic bourgeois republic has been raised ... ignoring this very question.	0.94	y	null
mao_mao-selected-works-1__p0018__c3	mao	Selected Works, Volume I (incl. On Practice, On Contradiction)	Where landlord authority appears weaker but the political struggle is not sharp, peasants must intensify the political struggle until landlord authority is completely smashed.	In counties like Liling ... the authority of the landlords seems weaker than that of the peasants but, because the political struggle has not been sharp, is in fact surreptitiously competing with it. ... they must wage the political struggle more vigorously until the landlords' authority is completely smashed.	0.94	y	null
trotsky_history-of-the-russian-revolution-trotsky__p1382__c2	trotsky	History Of The Russian Revolution Trotsky	Liberalism and nationalism have become fetters upon the world economy.	Liberalism and nationalism have become in like degree fetters upon world economy.	0.94	y	null
lenin_lenin-materialism-and-empirio-criticism__p0120__c5	lenin	Materialism and Empirio-Criticism	Critics have not analyzed Dietzgen's philosophy to separate his materialism from alien elements.	But they did not take the trouble or were unable to analyse the dominant line of his philosophy and to disengage his materialism from alien elements.	0.96	y	null
mixed_marx_engels_capital-v2__p0304__c3	mixed_marx_engels	Capital V2	To obtain ready money, producers may sell or slaughter cattle before normal age, harming agriculture and eventually raising meat prices.	The necessity of securing ready money ... solves this problem, e.g., by selling or slaughtering cattle before they have reached the economically normal age, to the great detriment of agriculture. This also brings about in the end a rise in the price of meat	0.93	y	null
lenin_two-tactics__p0149__c1	lenin	Two Tactics of Social-Democracy	Until April 1849 they ran only an “organ of democracy” without organisational ties to an independent workers’ party.	Until then they were merely running an “organ of democracy” unconnected by any organisational ties with an independent workers’ party.	0.95	y	null
mao_mao-selected-works-1__p0107__c0	mao	Selected Works, Volume I (incl. On Practice, On Contradiction)	Only concentration will enable us to wipe out comparatively large enemy units and occupy towns.	Only concentration will enable us to wipe out comparatively large enemy units and occupy towns.	0.95	y	null
trotsky_ebook-history-of-the-russian-revolution-v1__p0382__c4	trotsky	Ebook History Of The Russian Revolution V1	The Bolshevik resolution demanding the transfer of power to the soviets mustered an insignificant number of votes in the Petrograd Soviet.	the Bolshevik resolution demanding the transfer of power to the soviets, mustered in the Petrograd Soviet an insignificant umber of votes.	0.94	y	null
stalin_foundations-leninism__p0045__c1	stalin	The Foundations of Leninism	The dictatorship of the proletariat is a stubborn struggle—bloody and bloodless, violent and peaceful, military and economic, educational and administrative—against the forces and traditions of the old society.	that “the dictatorship of the proletariat is a stubborn struggle-bloody and bloodless, violent and peaceful, military and economic, educational and administrative-against the forces and traditions of the old society”	0.97	y	null
trotsky_ebook-history-of-the-russian-revolution-v2__p0167__c8	trotsky	Ebook History Of The Russian Revolution V2	Led by politicians who are afraid of their own shadow, the Soviet did not dare take power.	Led by politicians who are afraid of their own shadow, the Soviet did not dare take the power.	0.95	y	null
lenin_two-tactics__p0012__c6	lenin	Two Tactics of Social-Democracy	Only a government of traitors could tolerate such a regime, not a government that is the organ of a popular insurrection.	Such a regime could be tolerated only by a government of traitors to the cause of the revolution, but not by a government which is the organ of a popular insurrection.	0.95	y	null
mixed_marx_engels_capital-v4__p0824__c1	mixed_marx_engels	Capital V4	In competition, the cost-price, not the value, appears as the regulator of the market-price, serving as the immanent price of the commodity.	In competition, the cost-price and not the value appears as the regulator of the market-price—so to speak, as the immanent price, the value of the commodity.	0.94	y	null
mixed_marx_engels_capital-v4__p0063__c3	mixed_marx_engels	Capital V4	Turgot justifies interest by arguing that money capital can purchase land and therefore must yield as much surplus-value as land ownership would.	Turgot on the other hand derives his justification of it from the fact that the money capitalist could buy land, that is, rent, and that therefore his money capital must bring him in as much surplus-value as he would receive if he converted it into landed property.	0.94	y	null
mao_mao-selected-works-1__p0021__c3	mao	Selected Works, Volume I (incl. On Practice, On Contradiction)	In counties where the peasant movement is well developed, almost all the important local tyrants and evil gentry have fled, and this amounts to banishment.	In counties where the peasant movement is well developed, almost all the important local tyrants and evil gentry have fled, and this amounts to banishment.	0.95	y	null
stalin_foundations-leninism__p0101__c2	stalin	The Foundations of Leninism	A new militant revolutionary party is necessary to lead the proletariat in the struggle for power.	Hence the necessity for a new party, a militant party, a revolutionary party, one bold enough to lead the proletarians in the struggle for power...	0.96	y	null
luxemburg_accumulation-capital__p0135__c2	luxemburg	The Accumulation of Capital	The surplus-product incorporated in Department I cannot simultaneously function as constant capital in both Department I and Department II.	It cannot perform this function simultaneously in I and II.	0.9	y	null
mao_mao-selected-works-1__p0188__c2	mao	Selected Works, Volume I (incl. On Practice, On Contradiction)	Some comrades argued that after the third encirclement campaign the Kuomintang army was merely an auxiliary force and that imperialists would have to become the main attacking force.	Some responsible comrades ... held an "auxiliary force" theory, maintaining that the Kuomintang army had become merely an auxiliary force after the defeat of its third "encirclement and suppression" campaign and that the imperialists themselves would have to take the field as the main force	0.93	y	null
lenin_lenin-materialism-and-empirio-criticism__p0381__c3	lenin	Materialism and Empirio-Criticism	Mach rejected the law as a universal law of nature, viewing it only as an acknowledgement of causal dependence.	Mach refused to regard it as a universal law of nature and considered that it amounted merely to an acknowledgement of the causal dependence of phenomena.	0.93	y	null
trotsky_history-of-the-russian-revolution-trotsky__p0683__c0	trotsky	History Of The Russian Revolution Trotsky	The Council of Churches, though mainly a clerical caste affair, did not stay limited to church bureaucracy.	The Council of Churches, although primarily a caste affair of the clergy itself, and especially of its upper tiers, nevertheless did not remain confined within the limits of the church bureaucracy.	0.96	y	null
stalin_d-and-h-materialism-stalin__p0006__c0	stalin	Dialectical and Historical Materialism	Dühring scolded Hegel but surreptitiously borrowed from him the thesis that the transition from the insentient world to the sentient world is a leap to a new state	Finally, criticizing Dühring, who scolded Hegel for all he was worth, but surreptitiously borrowed from him the well‑known thesis that the transition from the insentient world to the sentient world, ... is a leap to a new state	0.95	y	null
stalin_foundations-leninism__p0117__c4	stalin	The Foundations of Leninism	Stalin warns that American efficiency can degenerate into narrow and unprincipled practicalism if not combined with Russian revolutionary sweep.	American efficiency has every chance of degenerating into narrow and unprincipled practicalism if it is not combined with Russian revolutionary sweep.	0.94	y	null
trotsky_ebook-history-of-the-russian-revolution-v3__p0450__c1	trotsky	Ebook History Of The Russian Revolution V3	Lenin considered himself the most free to praise both the heroism of the masses and the services of the leaders, as the author of “advice from the sidelines.”	It was just he himself, the author of “advice from the sidelines,” whom he considered most free to pay a tribute not only to the heroism of the masses, but to the services of the leaders.	0.94	y	null
stalin_d-and-h-materialism-stalin__p0019__c2	stalin	Dialectical and Historical Materialism	New social ideas arise because they are necessary to society; the urgent tasks of material development cannot be carried out without their organizing, mobilizing and transforming action.	New social ideas and theories arise precisely because they are necessary to society, because it is impossible to carry out the urgent tasks of development of the material life of society without their organizing, mobilizing and transforming action.	0.95	y	null
luxemburg_accumulation-capital__p0188__c0	luxemburg	The Accumulation of Capital	MacCulloch's example assumes quantities that exactly meet societal needs, so that they contain no surplus for society.	he chooses for his example two products in quantities which are right from the start in strict conformity with these needs, and which therefore contain no surplus as far as society is concerned	0.96	y	null
lenin_two-tactics__p0009__c7	lenin	Two Tactics of Social-Democracy	A constituent assembly must have real authority and power to constitute, not merely be a formal label.	This assembly must have the authority and power to “constitute.”	0.95	y	null
stalin_d-and-h-materialism-stalin__p0040__c4	stalin	Dialectical and Historical Materialism	Spontaneous development gives way to conscious action, peaceful evolution yields to violent upheaval, and evolution transforms into revolution.	The spontaneous process of development yields place to the conscious actions of men, peaceful development to violent upheaval, evolution to revolution.	0.94	y	null
lenin_state-and-revolution__p0117__c0	lenin	The State and Revolution	Kautsky systematically deviates towards opportunism on the question of the state.	...his systematic deviation towards opportunism precisely on the question of the state.	0.94	y	null
stalin_foundations-leninism__p0082__c1	stalin	The Foundations of Leninism	Lenin revealed the brilliant ideas of Marx and Engels on tactics and strategy that had been suppressed by the opportunists of the Second International.	It was precisely in this period that Lenin brought out into the light of day the brilliant ideas of Marx and Engels on tactics and strategy that been suppressed by the opportunists of the Second International.	0.96	y	null
mao_mao-selected-works-1__p0095__c6	mao	Selected Works, Volume I (incl. On Practice, On Contradiction)	Subjective analysis and guidance inevitably lead to opportunism or putschism.	subjective analysis of a political situation and subjective guidance of work inevitably result either in opportunism or in putschism	1	y	null
lenin_state-and-revolution__p0025__c4	lenin	The State and Revolution	The exploiting classes need political rule to maintain exploitation, serving the selfish interests of an insignificant minority against the vast majority of all people.	The exploiting classes need political rule to maintain exploitation, i.e., in the selfish interests of an insignificant minority against the vast majority of all people.	0.97	y	null
mixed_marx_engels_capital-v1__p0629__c2	mixed_marx_engels	Capital V1	The development of capitalism raises the minimum amount of individual capital required to operate a business, forcing smaller capitals into limited spheres of production.	with the development of the capitalist mode of production, there is an increase in the minimum amount of individual capital necessary to carry on a business under its normal conditions. The smaller capitals, therefore, crowd into spheres of production which Modern Industry has only sporadically or incompletely got hold...	0.95	y	null
lenin_lenin-materialism-and-empirio-criticism__p0410__c5	lenin	Materialism and Empirio-Criticism	A minority of new physicists, due to ignorance of dialectics, have slipped into idealism by way of relativism.	A minority of new physicists ... have, owing to their ignorance of dialectics, slipped into idealism by way of relativism.	0.93	y	null
mixed_marx_engels_capital-v4__p1966__c2	mixed_marx_engels	Capital V4	Different aspects of capital and landed property constitute separate claims to the appropriation of other people’s labour based on two essentially different means of production.	Thus one aspect of capital confronts another aspect of the same capital just as rigidly as do landed property and capital which, in fact, constitute the separate claims to appropriation of other people’s labour which are based on two essentially different means of production.	0.95	y	null
mao_mao-selected-works-1__p0320__c0	mao	Selected Works, Volume I (incl. On Practice, On Contradiction)	Imperialism can oppress by political, economic and cultural means, leading ruling classes in semi‑colonial countries to capitulate and ally with imperialism to jointly oppress the masses.	When imperialism carries on its oppression not by war, but by milder means—political, economic and cultural— the ruling classes in semi-colonial countries capitulate to imperialism, and the two form an alliance for the joint oppression of the masses.	0.96	y	null
trotsky_permanent-revolution-trotsky__p0168__c3	trotsky	Permanent Revolution Trotsky	Trotsky asserts that the formula of a democratic dictatorship of the proletariat and peasantry is now repeated in the Communist International as a supra‑historical dogma without analyzing recent historical experiences.	This formula is now repeated in the Communist International as a sort of supra‑historical dogma, with no attempt to analyse the living historical experiences of the last quarter‑century.	0.95	y	null
luxemburg_accumulation-capital__p0083__c1	luxemburg	The Accumulation of Capital	Marx's distinction between constant and variable capital reveals the internal mechanisms of the production of surplus value and relates it to producer and consumer goods.	Marx's diagram is based upon the precise distinction between constant and variable capital which alone reveals the internal mechanisms of the production of surplus value and brings it, as a value-relationship, into precise relation with the two material categories of production: that of producer and consumer goods.	0.96	y	null
lenin_lenin-materialism-and-empirio-criticism__p0182__c2	lenin	Materialism and Empirio-Criticism	Engels does not deny the scientific value of investigating the development of ideas of time and space, but insists on providing a consistent answer to the epistemological question of the source and significance of human knowledge.	The point is not that Engels denies the necessity and scientific value of investigations into the change and development of our ideas of time and space, but that we should give a consistent answer to the epistemological question	0.94	y	null
luxemburg_the-national-question-luxemburg__p0014__c3	luxemburg	The National Question	Only by establishing a socialist system that abolishes class oppression can all forms of oppression, including national, be eliminated once and for all.	only in this way could they hasten the introduction of a socialist system that, by abolishing class oppression, would do away with all forms of oppression, including national, once and for all	0.95	y	null
mao_mao-selected-works-1__p0089__c1	mao	Selected Works, Volume I (incl. On Practice, On Contradiction)	Selfish departmentalism leads them to think only of the Fourth Army and prevents them from recognizing the Red Army's task of arming the local masses.	Selfish departmentalism--they think only of the Fourth Army and do not realize that it is an important task of the Red Army to arm the local masses.	1	y	null
luxemburg_accumulation-capital__p0332__c8	luxemburg	The Accumulation of Capital	In a socialist society a machine competes with the labour actually performed and is adopted as soon as it can save more human labour than is required to produce it.	the machine competes not with the labour that is necessary to maintain the worker but with the labour he actually performs... the use of machinery is economic‑aims indicated just as soon as it can save more human labour than is necessary for making it	0.95	y	null
mixed_marx_engels_capital-v2__p0299__c7	mixed_marx_engels	Capital V2	A prolongation of the production time reduces the velocity of turnover as much as a prolongation of the circulation time.	Hence a prolongation of the time of production reduces the velocity of the turnover quite as much as a prolongation of the time of circulation.	0.99	y	null
mao_mao-selected-works-1__p0166__c4	mao	Selected Works, Volume I (incl. On Practice, On Contradiction)	In practice, generals should be brave and sagacious, normally winning battles, rather than being ever‑victorious	What we can ask for is generals who are brave and sagacious and who normally win their battles in the course of a war, generals who combine wisdom with courage	0.94	y	null
mixed_marx_engels_capital-v1__p0187__c2	mixed_marx_engels	Capital V1	The alienation of labour-power and its appropriation by the buyer are separated by an interval of time.	The alienation of labour-power and its actual appropriation by the buyer, its employment as a use-value, are separated by an interval of time.	1	y	null
luxemburg_the-russian-revolution-luxemburg__p0024__c1	luxemburg	The Russian Revolution	The pattern of these nations aligning with German imperialism is typical rather than exceptional.	The conduct of Finland, Poland, Lithuania, the Baltic lands, the peoples of the Caucasus, shows most convincingly that we are not dealing here with an exceptional case, but with a typical phenomenon.	0.94	y	null
lenin_renegade-kautsky__p0132__c1	lenin	The Proletarian Revolution and the Renegade Kautsky	The discrepancy between the composition of the elected Constituent Assembly and the actual will of the people on ending the war is inevitable.	It is clear that the discrepancy between the composition of the elected Constituent Assembly and the actual will of the people on the question of terminating the war is inevitable from this point of view too.	0.96	y	null
mixed_marx_engels_capital-v3__p0087__c3	mixed_marx_engels	Capital V3	It is the only situation where the number of labourers, labour intensity, and length of the working day stay unchanged while variable capital and the rate of surplus value vary together.	This is the only case in which the number of labourers, the intensity of labour, and the length of the working‑day remain unchanged, while v and s' vary simultaneously.	0.93	y	null
mao_mao-selected-works-1__p0019__c3	mao	Selected Works, Volume I (incl. On Practice, On Contradiction)	Peasants impose fines on local tyrants and evil gentry for offences revealed by account checking and other violations, causing the fined individuals to lose face.	The peasants work out fines for such offences as irregularities revealed by the checking of accounts ... Naturally, a man who has been fined by the peasants completely loses face.	0.94	y	null
luxemburg_accumulation-capital__p0171__c3	luxemburg	The Accumulation of Capital	Sismondi treats exploitation and class antagonism as the necessary spur to production, aligning with the followers of Ricardo and Malthus.	Thus he makes exploitation and class antagonism the necessary spur to production, quite in accord with the followers of Ricardo and Malthus.	0.95	y	null
luxemburg_the-national-question-luxemburg__p0181__c6	luxemburg	The National Question	At the same time rural communes lost their traditional self‑governing institutions, falling completely under the authority of landowners due to the growth of serfdom.	At the same time, the rural communes lost their traditional self-governing institutions, having completely fallen, through the growth of serfdom, under the authority of landowners.	0.95	y	null
luxemburg_accumulation-capital__p0199__c1	luxemburg	The Accumulation of Capital	Engels criticizes Dühring for explaining a real industrial crisis by means of an imaginary one, likening it to a storm at sea represented by a storm in a teacup, and calls him a real German literatus.	Engels, in his devastating criticism ... has shown himself a real German literatus.	0.94	y	null
luxemburg_accumulation-capital__p0250__c2	luxemburg	The Accumulation of Capital	Individual entrepreneurs lack knowledge of others’ production, which can lead them to over‑estimate demand and overstock the market.	The individual entrepreneur does not know how much others are producing, and so it may easily happen that he over-estimates the demand for a certain commodity with which he will then overstock the market.	0.95	y	null
mixed_marx_engels_anti-duhring__p0185__c2	mixed_marx_engels	Anti Duhring	Political economy in its positive formulation by the physiocrats and Adam Smith is essentially a child of the eighteenth century, sharing the merits and demerits of that Enlightenment period.	political economy ... is nevertheless essentially a child of the eighteenth century, and ranks with the achievements of the contemporary great French philosophers of the Enlightenment, sharing with them all the merits and demerits of that period.	0.95	y	null
mao_mao-selected-works-1__p0059__c5	mao	Selected Works, Volume I (incl. On Practice, On Contradiction)	The preparations were inadequate and officers and men did not understand the purpose of the operation	the preparations were inadequate, and officers and men did not understand the purpose of the operation	0.95	y	null
trotsky_history-of-the-russian-revolution-trotsky__p0928__c2	trotsky	History Of The Russian Revolution Trotsky	The movement of the villages passed, with inevitable delay, through the same two great stages as the movement of the cities.	the movement of the villages passed, with inevitable delay, through the same two great stages as the movement of the cities.	1	y	null
luxemburg_accumulation-capital__p0361__c0	luxemburg	The Accumulation of Capital	Marx's more profound analysis, including his diagrammatic demonstration of the total reproductive process and his exposition of simple reproduction, reveals the salient feature of the problem of accumulation.	has only been shown up by Marx's more profound analysis, his precise diagrammatic demonstration of the total reproductive process, and especially his inspired exposition of the problem of simple reproduction.	0.96	y	null
luxemburg_accumulation-capital__p0159__c1	luxemburg	The Accumulation of Capital	Marx realized that he would never be able to complete the second and third volumes satisfactorily without a complete revolution in his health.	About this time Marx seems to have realised that he would never be able to complete the second and third volume in a manner satisfactory to himself, unless a complete revolution in his health took place.	0.97	y	null
trotsky_history-of-the-russian-revolution-trotsky__p1340__c2	trotsky	History Of The Russian Revolution Trotsky	During the first two months of 1917 Russia was ruled by a monarch who believed in saints’ mummies and submitted to Rasputin.	During the first two months Russia was ruled, through right of monarchic succession, by a man inadequately endowed by nature who believed in saints’ mummies and submitted to Rasputin.	0.95	y	null
mao_mao-selected-works-1__p0402__c1	mao	Selected Works, Volume I (incl. On Practice, On Contradiction)	Guarantee freedom of speech, assembly and association, and release all political prisoners.	(2) guarantee freedom of speech, assembly and association, and release all political prisoners;	0.95	y	null
stalin_foundations-leninism__p0074__c5	stalin	The Foundations of Leninism	The question of the rights of nations is part of the general problem of the proletarian revolution and must be considered subordinate to the whole.	The question of the rights of nations is not an isolated, self-sufficient question; it is a part of the general problem of the proletarian revolution, subordinate to the whole...	0.93	y	null
lenin_renegade-kautsky__p0103__c3	lenin	The Proletarian Revolution and the Renegade Kautsky	Peasants' antagonism to the socialist proletariat could not reveal itself all at once.	Their antagonism to the socialist proletariat could not reveal itself all at once.	0.93	y	null
luxemburg_accumulation-capital__p0048__c1	luxemburg	The Accumulation of Capital	It is impossible to find any means of production in which value is embodied without it being itself the product of some previous labour.	It is impossible to find any means of production in which value is embodied, without it being itself the product of some previous labour.	0.96	y	null
stalin_d-and-h-materialism-stalin__p0001__c1	stalin	Dialectical and Historical Materialism	Dialectical materialism is called so because its method of studying nature is dialectical while its interpretation of nature is materialistic.	It is called dialectical materialism because its approach to the phenomena of nature, its method of studying and apprehending them, is dialectical, while its interpretation of the phenomena of nature, its conception of these phenomena, its theory, is materialistic.	0.96	y	null
lenin_two-tactics__p0072__c0	lenin	Two Tactics of Social-Democracy	The proletariat is the most advanced and only consistently revolutionary class and therefore should play the leading part in the general democratic revolutionary movement in Russia.	the proletariat, being, by virtue of its very position, the most advanced and the only consistently revolutionary class, is for that very reason called upon to play the leading part in the general democratic revolutionary movement in Russia;	0.98	y	null
stalin_d-and-h-materialism-stalin__p0029__c1	stalin	Dialectical and Historical Materialism	Consequently, changes in the instruments of production are accompanied by changes in men, specifically in their production experience, labour skill, and ability to handle the instruments of production.	the change and development of the instruments of production was accompanied by a change and development of men, ... their production experience, their labor skill, their ability to handle the instruments of production	0.94	y	null
trotsky_history-of-the-russian-revolution-trotsky__p0223__c1	trotsky	History Of The Russian Revolution Trotsky	The present situation’s essence is that the old state has collapsed, causing the entire former legal order to be questioned by the masses.	The very essence of the present situation was that the old state had suddenly collapsed, and the entire old system of rights had been called in question by the masses.	0.95	y	null
trotsky_in-defense-of-marxism-trotsky__p0080__c2	trotsky	In Defense Of Marxism Trotsky	The revision of Marxism leads to its outright liquidation and to the liquidation of every doctrine and every method.	The revision of Marxism passes here into its downright liquidation; more than that, into the liquidation of every doctrine and every method.	0.93	y	null
mixed_marx_engels_wage-labour-capital__p0017__c6	mixed_marx_engels	Wage Labour Capital	In production, human beings work not only upon nature but also upon one another.	In the process of production, human beings work not only upon nature, but also upon one another.	1	y	null
trotsky_ebook-history-of-the-russian-revolution-v2__p0380__c2	trotsky	Ebook History Of The Russian Revolution V2	Railroad workers and clerks demanded higher wages, but their demands were ignored, causing agitation.	The railroad workers and clerks ... had been demanding a raise. Commission had followed commission, nobody had made an answer, and this was getting on the nerves of the railroad workers.	0.95	y	null
trotsky_lessons-of-october-trotsky__p0065__c2	trotsky	Lessons Of October Trotsky	When the Bolsheviks assumed power in the Petrograd Soviet, they continued and deepened the methods of dual power.	When we Bolsheviks assumed power in the Petrograd Soviet, we only continued and deepened the methods of dual power.	0.95	y	null
stalin_foundations-leninism__p0036__c3	stalin	The Foundations of Leninism	Lenin maintained that the revolution should culminate in the transfer of power to the proletariat, whereas permanent revolutionists wanted to establish proletarian power immediately.	Lenin proposed that the revolution be crowned with the transfer of power to the proletariat, whereas the adherents of “permanent” revolution wanted to begin at once with the establishment of the power of the proletariat	0.94	y	null
luxemburg_the-national-question-luxemburg__p0009__c6	luxemburg	The National Question	Western socialists granted the solicited vouchers and wrote letters or essays with little reflection because they were presented with a fait accompli and lacked reason to question the program’s rationality.	the Western socialists … granted the solicited voucher, wrote the requested letters or essays without too much reflection, and said a few words here and there at an occasional meeting – which of course was precisely why they had been invited.	0.92	y	null
mixed_marx_engels_capital-v4__p0446__c2	mixed_marx_engels	Capital V4	In the second transaction the money functions as a means of purchase and as a means of circulation for commodities.	In the second transaction, on the other hand, the money functions as means of purchase, means of circulation for commodities.	0.95	y	null
lenin_lenin-one-step-forward__p0116__c3	lenin	One Step Forward, Two Steps Back	The minority evaded a discussion of the question on its merits and instead appealed to emotional rhetoric such as ‘shedding tears’ and ‘indulging in pathos’.	The minority evaded a discussion of the question on its merits and talked instead of their celebrated harmony, “shedding tears” and “indulging in pathos” (Lange’s speech, p. 327), as though “somebody was being murdered”.	0.93	y	null
trotsky_history-of-the-russian-revolution-trotsky__p0657__c0	trotsky	History Of The Russian Revolution Trotsky	Political enemies repeatedly reused old accusations, shifting them from right to left without imagination	they simply switched the same old accusations about from one point to another, the movement being predominantly from right to left	0.9	n	null
luxemburg_the-national-question-luxemburg__p0081__c8	luxemburg	The National Question	Insuring all nations the possibility of self‑determination would revert society to a medieval small‑state order, earlier than the 15th‑16th centuries.	the idea of insuring all “nations” the possibility of self-determination is equivalent to reverting from Great‑Capitalist development to the small medieval states, far earlier than the fifteenth and sixteenth centuries	0.93	y	null

End of preview.

MarxGraph: A Temporal Knowledge Graph of Marxist Intellectual History

MarxGraph traces how core concepts in Marxist theory (class struggle, the vanguard party, imperialism, permanent revolution, and 40+ others) were inherited, extended, contested, or rejected as they moved from Marx and Engels through Lenin, Luxemburg, Trotsky, Stalin, and Mao. Unlike a simple "who-influenced-whom" graph, every edge in MarxGraph is grounded in a specific textual claim with a verbatim evidence span, and the dataset explicitly distinguishes documentary facts (what a text says) from interpretive judgments (how a later thinker's treatment relates to an earlier one); the latter always carrying a perspective and confidence field rather than being asserted as settled fact.

Dataset summary


Works	50
Passages	~14,862
Concept mentions	21,933
Claims (with evidence spans)	71,572
Explicit references/citations	19,471
Concept-evolution edges	446
Thinkers	Marx, Engels, Lenin, Luxemburg, Trotsky, Stalin, Mao
Traditions	Classical Marxism, Leninism, Marxism-Leninism, Trotskyism, Maoism

Source texts: the Marxists Internet Archive.

Dataset structure

Six linked tables (Parquet):

File	Grain	Key columns
`works.parquet`	one work	`work_id`, `author`, `title`, `year`, `tradition`, `license`, `source_url`
`passages.parquet`	~220-word passage	`passage_id`, `work_id`, `chapter`, `text`
`concept_mentions.parquet`	one mention	`passage_id`, `concept`, `surface_form`
`claims.parquet`	one proposition	`claim_id`, `claim`, `concepts`, `evidence_span`, `confidence`
`references.parquet`	explicit citation/attack	`work_id`, `target_thinker`, `stance`, `evidence_span`
`concept_evolution.parquet`	concept × (earlier, later) author pair	`transformation`, `rationale`, `confidence`, `perspective`

Plus a graph export (graph/marxgraph.graphml, graph/marxgraph.jsonl) built from the tables above: thinkers, works, claims, and concepts as nodes; WROTE, CONTAINS, MENTIONS, citation-stance, and TRANSFORMS_<label> edges.

Transformation labels

Each concept_evolution row classifies how a concept changed between two chronologically-ordered thinkers:

PRESERVED: restated with essentially the same content and scope
EXTENDED: same core meaning, new components or scope added
REFORMULATED: same term, different core content or theoretical role
CONTEXTUALIZED: adapted to new historical/national conditions
CONTESTED: later thinker explicitly argues against the earlier treatment
REJECTED: concept abandoned or repudiated
INSUFFICIENT: evidence too thin to support any label (the model declines to force a verdict rather than fabricate one)

Distribution across the 446 edges: 76.0% EXTENDED, 10.1% CONTEXTUALIZED, 6.3% REFORMULATED, 4.7% CONTESTED, 2.0% PRESERVED, 0.7% INSUFFICIENT, 0.2% REJECTED.

Construction

Built with a five-stage pipeline (full code included): EPUB download → passage segmentation → LLM claim/mention/reference extraction → LLM concept-transformation typing (constrained to a documented set of plausible lineage pairs) → graph assembly. Primary extraction model: openai/gpt-oss-120b via Groq. See README.md in the code repository for the full pipeline and config/ontology.yaml for the entity/relation schema.

Validation

100 claims and 50 evolution edges were checked against a stratified sample protocol, with an automated first pass followed by domain-expert human adjudication of every uncertain case. Result: 99% claims accuracy (99/100), 100% evolution-edge coherence (50/50) on the reviewed sample. Full methodology, including the one documented failure case and important caveats about sample size and the narrowness of the model's confidence scores, is in VALIDATION.md; please read it before citing accuracy figures out of context.

Known limitations

Confidence scores are not calibrated. Evolution-edge confidence values cluster tightly (mean 0.852, std 0.035) and should not be used as a reliability filter.
A likely duplicate work has not yet been removed. Trotsky's History of the Russian Revolution appears to be ingested twice (single-file and 3-volume editions), inflating Trotsky's claim counts on affected concepts. A deduplication tool (src/dedupe_works.py) exists but has not been applied to this release.
Interpretive edges are one LLM-assisted reading, not a canonical verdict. Especially for ideologically contested relationships (e.g., Stalin's relationship to Lenin, or Trotsky's to Stalin), different traditions characterize continuity/rupture differently. Treat CONTESTED/REJECTED labels as a documented, evidence-linked interpretation, open to challenge, not as settled historiography.
Extraction quality reflects the extraction model. openai/gpt-oss-120b is far smaller than frontier models; the validation pass documents at least one case of the model adding a plausible but unsupported evaluative gloss to an otherwise accurate paraphrase.
Licensing is mixed at the work level. works.parquet.license marks each work pd (public domain, safe to redistribute as text) or verify (check the specific translation/edition's copyright status on MIA before redistributing raw text; this applies especially to some Stalin, Mao, and Luxemburg translations). Annotations (claims, relations, evolution edges) are original analysis and released under this dataset's license regardless of source-text status.

Citation

If you use MarxGraph, please cite the dataset directly:

Bose, J. (2026). MarxGraph: A Temporal Knowledge Graph of Marxist Intellectual
History [Dataset]. Hugging Face. https://huggingface.co/datasets/<your-repo-id>

Credits

Source texts: Marxists Internet Archive, a volunteer-run archive; please support their work if you can.

Dataset construction, ontology design, and validation: Joy Bose (joy.bose@ieee.org).

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