Automatic Evaluation of Mental Health Stigma in Online Communication
Paper • 2610.02775 • Published
item_id stringlengths 9 9 | annotator stringclasses 4
values | batch stringclasses 4
values | stigma_present stringclasses 2
values | stigma_confidence float64 0 10 ⌀ | mode stringclasses 3
values | domain stringclasses 9
values | type stringclasses 6
values | public_domain_affective stringclasses 14
values | public_domain_cognitive stringclasses 78
values | public_domain_behaviour stringclasses 3
values | language_features stringclasses 9
values |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
stig_0001 | ann_1 | batch3 | yes | 10 | expressed/enacted | public | cognitive | null | dangerousness; immutability; moral or character flaw; uncontrollable | null | null |
stig_0001 | ann_2 | batch3 | yes | 8 | expressed/enacted | public | cognitive | null | dangerousness; moral or character flaw | null | null |
stig_0001 | ann_4 | batch3 | yes | 5 | expressed/enacted | public | cognitive | null | dangerousness; moral or character flaw | null | null |
stig_0002 | ann_4 | batch1 | no | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null |
stig_0003 | ann_2 | batch4 | no | 7 | null | null | null | null | null | null | null |
stig_0003 | ann_4 | batch4 | no | 9 | null | null | null | null | null | null | null |
stig_0004 | ann_1 | batch3 | yes | 3 | expressed/enacted | public; self | cognitive | null | immutability | null | null |
stig_0004 | ann_2 | batch3 | no | 6 | null | null | null | null | null | null | null |
stig_0004 | ann_4 | batch3 | no | 7 | null | null | null | null | null | null | null |
stig_0005 | ann_2 | batch4 | no | 4 | null | null | null | null | null | null | null |
stig_0005 | ann_4 | batch4 | no | 9 | null | null | null | null | null | null | null |
stig_0006 | ann_1 | batch3 | no | 10 | null | null | null | null | null | null | null |
stig_0006 | ann_2 | batch3 | yes | 5 | expressed/enacted | public | affective; cognitive | anger, irritability or frustration; disgust; pity | pity/condescension | null | null |
stig_0006 | ann_4 | batch3 | no | 8 | null | null | null | null | null | null | null |
stig_0007 | ann_2 | batch4 | no | 5 | null | null | null | null | null | null | null |
stig_0007 | ann_4 | batch4 | no | 9 | null | null | null | null | null | null | null |
stig_0008 | ann_1 | batch4 | no | 9 | null | null | null | null | null | null | null |
stig_0008 | ann_2 | batch4 | no | 4 | null | null | null | null | null | null | null |
stig_0008 | ann_4 | batch4 | no | 5 | null | null | null | null | null | null | null |
stig_0009 | ann_2 | batch4 | no | 3 | null | null | null | null | null | null | null |
stig_0009 | ann_4 | batch4 | no | 9 | null | null | null | null | null | null | null |
stig_0010 | ann_1 | batch2 | no | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null |
stig_0010 | ann_3 | batch2 | no | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null |
stig_0010 | ann_4 | batch2 | no | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null |
stig_0011 | ann_4 | batch1 | no | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null |
stig_0012 | ann_1 | batch3 | no | 5 | null | null | null | null | null | null | null |
stig_0012 | ann_2 | batch3 | no | 6 | null | null | null | null | null | null | null |
stig_0012 | ann_4 | batch3 | no | 7 | null | null | null | null | null | null | null |
stig_0013 | ann_1 | batch2 | yes | null | perceived/experienced | self | null | null | null | null | null |
stig_0013 | ann_3 | batch2 | no | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null |
stig_0013 | ann_4 | batch2 | no | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null |
stig_0014 | ann_1 | batch2 | no | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null |
stig_0014 | ann_3 | batch2 | no | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null |
stig_0014 | ann_4 | batch2 | no | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null |
stig_0015 | ann_2 | batch4 | no | 2 | null | null | null | null | null | null | null |
stig_0015 | ann_4 | batch4 | no | 5 | null | null | null | null | null | null | null |
stig_0016 | ann_2 | batch4 | no | 4 | null | null | null | null | null | null | null |
stig_0016 | ann_4 | batch4 | no | 6 | null | null | null | null | null | null | null |
stig_0017 | ann_1 | batch3 | no | 8 | null | null | null | null | null | null | null |
stig_0017 | ann_2 | batch3 | no | 5 | null | null | null | null | null | null | null |
stig_0017 | ann_4 | batch3 | no | 6 | null | null | null | null | null | null | null |
stig_0018 | ann_1 | batch2 | no | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null |
stig_0018 | ann_3 | batch2 | no | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null |
stig_0018 | ann_4 | batch2 | no | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null |
stig_0019 | ann_2 | batch4 | no | 5 | null | null | null | null | null | null | null |
stig_0019 | ann_4 | batch4 | no | 6 | null | null | null | null | null | null | null |
stig_0020 | ann_1 | batch3 | no | 10 | null | null | null | null | null | null | null |
stig_0020 | ann_2 | batch3 | yes | 6 | perceived/experienced | public | cognitive | null | moral or character flaw; pity/condescension | null | null |
stig_0020 | ann_4 | batch3 | no | 8 | null | null | null | null | null | null | null |
stig_0021 | ann_2 | batch4 | yes | 5 | expressed/enacted | public | cognitive | null | uncontrollable | null | null |
stig_0021 | ann_4 | batch4 | no | 5 | null | null | null | null | null | null | null |
stig_0022 | ann_1 | batch4 | no | 8 | null | null | null | null | null | null | null |
stig_0022 | ann_2 | batch4 | no | 4 | null | null | null | null | null | null | null |
stig_0022 | ann_4 | batch4 | yes | 6 | expressed/enacted | public | behavioural | null | null | other | null |
stig_0023 | ann_2 | batch4 | yes | 4 | expressed/enacted | public | cognitive | null | other | null | null |
stig_0023 | ann_4 | batch4 | no | 5 | null | null | null | null | null | null | null |
stig_0024 | ann_2 | batch4 | no | 2 | null | null | null | null | null | null | null |
stig_0024 | ann_4 | batch4 | no | 9 | null | null | null | null | null | null | null |
stig_0025 | ann_4 | batch1 | no | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null |
stig_0026 | ann_2 | batch4 | no | 6 | null | null | null | null | null | null | null |
stig_0026 | ann_4 | batch4 | no | 8 | null | null | null | null | null | null | null |
stig_0027 | ann_1 | batch3 | yes | 8 | perceived/experienced | public | cognitive | null | trivialisation or minimisation | null | null |
stig_0027 | ann_2 | batch3 | yes | 9 | expressed/enacted | public | cognitive | null | trivialisation or minimisation | null | null |
stig_0027 | ann_4 | batch3 | yes | 5 | expressed/enacted | public | cognitive | null | trivialisation or minimisation | null | null |
stig_0028 | ann_1 | batch2 | no | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null |
stig_0028 | ann_3 | batch2 | no | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null |
stig_0028 | ann_4 | batch2 | no | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null |
stig_0029 | ann_1 | batch3 | yes | 10 | expressed/enacted; perceived/experienced | public | cognitive | null | trivialisation or minimisation | null | null |
stig_0029 | ann_2 | batch3 | yes | 7 | expressed/enacted | public | cognitive | null | incompetence; uncontrollable | null | null |
stig_0029 | ann_4 | batch3 | no | 6 | null | null | null | null | null | null | null |
stig_0030 | ann_1 | batch3 | no | 10 | null | null | null | null | null | null | null |
stig_0030 | ann_2 | batch3 | yes | 3 | perceived/experienced | public | behavioural; cognitive | null | contamination; moral or character flaw | other; social distancing | null |
stig_0030 | ann_4 | batch3 | no | 6 | null | null | null | null | null | null | null |
stig_0031 | ann_2 | batch4 | no | 6 | null | null | null | null | null | null | null |
stig_0031 | ann_4 | batch4 | no | 9 | null | null | null | null | null | null | null |
stig_0032 | ann_4 | batch1 | no | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null |
stig_0033 | ann_1 | batch3 | no | 10 | null | null | null | null | null | null | null |
stig_0033 | ann_2 | batch3 | no | 3 | null | null | null | null | null | null | null |
stig_0033 | ann_4 | batch3 | no | 8 | null | null | null | null | null | null | null |
stig_0034 | ann_2 | batch4 | no | 1 | null | null | null | null | null | null | null |
stig_0034 | ann_4 | batch4 | no | 8 | null | null | null | null | null | null | null |
stig_0035 | ann_2 | batch4 | no | 7 | null | null | null | null | null | null | null |
stig_0035 | ann_4 | batch4 | no | 9 | null | null | null | null | null | null | null |
stig_0036 | ann_1 | batch1 | no | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null |
stig_0037 | ann_1 | batch3 | no | 10 | null | null | null | null | null | null | null |
stig_0037 | ann_2 | batch3 | yes | 4 | perceived/experienced | public; structural | cognitive | null | trivialisation or minimisation | null | null |
stig_0037 | ann_4 | batch3 | no | 7 | null | null | null | null | null | null | null |
stig_0038 | ann_2 | batch4 | no | 3 | null | null | null | null | null | null | null |
stig_0038 | ann_4 | batch4 | no | 8 | null | null | null | null | null | null | null |
stig_0039 | ann_1 | batch2 | no | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null |
stig_0039 | ann_3 | batch2 | no | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null |
stig_0039 | ann_4 | batch2 | no | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null |
stig_0040 | ann_1 | batch3 | no | 9 | null | null | null | null | null | null | null |
stig_0040 | ann_2 | batch3 | yes | 5 | expressed/enacted | public | cognitive | null | pity/condescension; uncontrollable | null | null |
stig_0040 | ann_4 | batch3 | no | 8 | null | null | null | null | null | null | null |
stig_0041 | ann_2 | batch4 | no | 5 | null | null | null | null | null | null | null |
stig_0041 | ann_4 | batch4 | no | 8 | null | null | null | null | null | null | null |
stig_0042 | ann_1 | batch3 | no | 10 | null | null | null | null | null | null | null |
stig_0042 | ann_2 | batch3 | no | 5 | null | null | null | null | null | null | null |
stig_0042 | ann_4 | batch3 | no | 7 | null | null | null | null | null | null | null |
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Mental Health Stigma Evaluation Benchmark
A theory-grounded benchmark for the automatic evaluation of mental health stigma in online communication. It pairs naturally occurring news and social media text with a fine-grained stigma taxonomy: a binary stigma-detection task and 28 categories covering the mode of stigma, its domain, and the components of particular forms of stigma. The 470 annotated excerpts mention six mental health conditions.
Full documentation, annotation guidelines, code and evaluation results: https://github.com/jemimakang/mh_stigma
Paper: Automatic Evaluation of Mental Health Stigma in Online Communication, Baes et al. (2026). [LINK]
Configs
gold— 470 rows, one per excerpt, with the adjudicated labels. News excerpt text is included; Reddit text is not.annotators— 1,201 rows, one per annotation, with each annotator's labels before adjudication.
Both are keyed by item_id (stig_0001–stig_0470). Original Reddit and news identifiers are not released.
from datasets import load_dataset
gold = load_dataset("[ORG]/stigma-benchmark", "gold")
Requesting the Reddit text
Reddit excerpts are released to approved researchers only, to protect the people who wrote them and to respect platform terms. To apply, complete: https://forms.cloud.microsoft/r/KJbaMPAW03. The dataset authors review each application, usually within five working days. Approved applicants receive a file that joins to both configs on item_id.
Annotation categories
The taxonomy, its label values, and how each round was annotated and adjudicated are documented in the [repository]([GITHUB LINK]).
Citation
@misc{baes2026automaticevaluationmentalhealth,
title={Automatic Evaluation of Mental Health Stigma in Online Communication},
author={Naomi Baes and Jemima Kang and Nick Haslam and Chris Groot and Alsa Wu and Luc Raszewski and Yulia Otmakhova},
year={2026},
eprint={2610.02775},
archivePrefix={arXiv},
primaryClass={cs.CL},
url={https://arxiv.org/abs/2610.02775},
}
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