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Which of the following Li+ solvation structures are the most abundant in conventional low concentration electrolytes for lithium metal anode? | Contact ion pair | olvent-separated ion pair | Aggregates | Complexed coordination | B | Materials | Easy | Basic | Liquid Electrolye Q&A |
Which of the electrolyte solvent molecules have the best reductive stability? | C1COC(=O)O1 | C1COCO1 | CC1COC(=O)O1 | C1CCOC1 | B | Materials | Easy | Basic | Liquid Electrolye Q&A |
Which of the statements are true related to electrolytes for lithium metal anode? | Solid-electrolyte interphases formed at the interface between lithium metal and electrolyte is due to electrolyte decomposition. | Electrolytes do not affect the morphology of electrodeposited lithium during plating process. | Solid-electrolyte interphases are generally considered to consist of amorphous organic-rich components and compact inorganic-rich components. | Higher electrolyte concentrations always lead to higher Coulombic Efficiency (CE). | A,C | Materials | Easy | Basic | Liquid Electrolye Q&A |
Which of the following statements about solid-electrolyte interphases (SEI) are correct? | Preferred deposition of lithium through the defects at SEI is one of the causes for dead Li. | The nanostructures and compositions of SEI are not affected by the substrate surface. | SEI properties are temperature-dependent. | Different solvation structures of Li+ can lead to different SEI compositions. | A,C,D | Materials | Easy | Basic | Liquid Electrolye Q&A |
Which electrolyte below give the highest Coulombic Efficiency when tested in a Li||Cu half cell with a current density of 0.5 mA/cm2 and a capacity of 1 mAh/cm2? | 1 M LiFSI ([Li+].C(F)(F)(F)S(=O)(=O)[N-]S(=O)(=O)C(F)(F)F) in DME (COCCOC) | 1 M LiPF6 ([Li+].F[P-](F)(F)(F)(F)F) in EC (C1COC(=O)O1) DEC (O=C(OCC)OCC) 1:1 v% | 4 M LiFSI ([Li+].C(F)(F)(F)S(=O)(=O)[N-]S(=O)(=O)C(F)(F)F) in DME (COCCOC) | 1 M LiFSI (([Li+].C(F)(F)(F)S(=O)(=O)[N-]S(=O)(=O)C(F)(F)F)) in EC (C1COC(=O)O1) DEC (O=C(OCC)OCC) 1:1 v% | C | Materials | Medium | Advanced Reasoning | Liquid Electrolye Q&A |
Which salt concentration of the electrolyte LiFSI ([Li+].C(F)(F)(F)S(=O)(=O)[N-]S(=O)(=O)C(F)(F)F) in FEC (C1C(OC(=O)O1)F) would give the highest Coulombic Efficiency when tested in a Li||Cu half cell with a current density of 0.25 mA/cm2 and a capacity of 0.5 mAh/cm2? | 1 M | 2 M | 4 M | 7 M | D | Materials | Medium | Advanced Reasoning | Liquid Electrolye Q&A |
Which of the following electrolyte can give Coulombic Efficiency over 99% when tested in a Li||Cu half cell with a current density of 0.5 mA/cm2 and a capacity of 1 mAh/cm2? | 1.7 M LiFSI ([Li+].C(F)(F)(F)S(=O)(=O)[N-]S(=O)(=O)C(F)(F)F) in MeTHF (O1C(C)CCC1) TTE (FC(F)C(F)(F)COC(F)(F)C(F)F) 1:1 v% | 5 M LiFSI ([Li+].C(F)(F)(F)S(=O)(=O)[N-]S(=O)(=O)C(F)(F)F) in PC (CC1COC(=O)O1) | 6 M LiFSI ([Li+].C(F)(F)(F)S(=O)(=O)[N-]S(=O)(=O)C(F)(F)F) in DMC (COC(=O)OC) | 1M LiTFSI ([Li+].C(F)(F)(F)S(=O)(=O)[N-]S(=O)(=O)C(F)(F)F) in FDMA (CN(C)C(=O)C(F)(F)F) FEC (C1C(OC(=O)O1)F) 1:1 v% | A,D | Materials | Medium | Advanced Reasoning | Liquid Electrolye Q&A |
Lower HOMO (highest occupied molecular orbital) energy of a solvent molecule means better oxidative stability. Which of the following molecule(s) has the best oxidative stability? | COCCOC | COCC(C(F)(F)F)OC | CC(COC)OC | CCOCCOCC | B | Materials | Medium | Basic | Liquid Electrolye Q&A |
It is known that LiF and Li2O are often seen in stable solid-electrolyte interphases for Li metal anode. Which of the following molecule(s) can serve as additives to electrolytes for Li metal batteries that can improve the Coulombic Efficiency during cycling? | C1C(OC(=O)O1)F | C1=CC=CC=C1 | C1=COC(=O)O1 | CCCCCC | A,C | Materials | Hard | Basic | Liquid Electrolye Q&A |
It is known that LiF and Li2O are often seen in stable solid-electrolyte interphases for Li metal anode. They can be formed through the decomposition of electrolyte solvent molecules at the lithium metal surface. Which of the following electrolyte solvent molecules can lead to LiF-rich or Li2O-rich solid-electrolyte in... | COCCOC | COC(OC)OC | C(C(C(F)F)()F)OC(C(F)F)(F)F | C1C(OC(=O)O1)F | B,D | Materials | Easy | Advanced Reasoning | Liquid Electrolye Q&A |
It is known that weakly Li-ion solvating electrolytes tend to give better cycling Coulombic Efficiency (CE) when testing in Li|Cu cells. Which of the following electrolyte(s) can give higher CE than 1 M LiFSI ([Li+].C(F)(F)(F)S(=O)(=O)[N-]S(=O)(=O)C(F)(F)F) in DEE (CCOCCOCC) | 1 M LiFSI ([Li+].C(F)(F)(F)S(=O)(=O)[N-]S(=O)(=O)C(F)(F)F) in DME (COCCOC) | 1 M LiFSI ([Li+].C(F)(F)(F)S(=O)(=O)[N-]S(=O)(=O)C(F)(F)F) in F6DEE (C(COCC(F)(F)F)OCC(F)(F)F) | 1 M LiFSI ([Li+].C(F)(F)(F)S(=O)(=O)[N-]S(=O)(=O)C(F)(F)F) in FDMB (COCC(C(COC)(F)F)(F)F) | 1 M LiFSI ([Li+].C(F)(F)(F)S(=O)(=O)[N-]S(=O)(=O)C(F)(F)F) in DMC (COC(=O)OC) | B,C | Materials | Easy | Advanced Reasoning | Liquid Electrolye Q&A |
High concentration electrolytes are known to exhibit good performance in lithium-metal batteries because most of the strongly solvating solvent molecules coordinate to Li+ and become more stable against lithium metal anode. For example, 4 M LiFSI ([Li+].C(F)(F)(F)S(=O)(=O)[N-]S(=O)(=O)C(F)(F)F) in DME (COCCOC) performs... | LiFSI ([Li+].C(F)(F)(F)S(=O)(=O)[N-]S(=O)(=O)C(F)(F)F) DME (COCCOC) DMC (COC(=O)OC) 1:1.2:3 mol% | LiFSI ([Li+].C(F)(F)(F)S(=O)(=O)[N-]S(=O)(=O)C(F)(F)F) DME (COCCOC) TTE (C(C(C(F)F)(F)F)OC(C(F)F)(F)F) 1:1.2:3 mol% | LiFSI ([Li+].C(F)(F)(F)S(=O)(=O)[N-]S(=O)(=O)C(F)(F)F) DME (COCCOC) TTEO (C(C(F)(F)F)OC(OCC(F)(F)F)OCC(F)(F)F) 1:1.2:3 mol% | LiFSI ([Li+].C(F)(F)(F)S(=O)(=O)[N-]S(=O)(=O)C(F)(F)F) DME (COCCOC) BTFE (C(C(F)(F)F)OCC(F)(F)F) 1:1.2:3 mol% | B,C,D | Materials | Medium | Advanced Reasoning | Liquid Electrolye Q&A |
Which descending ordering is correct for ionic conductivities of the following electrolytes: 1) 1 M [Li+].[O-]Cl(=O)(=O)=O in CC1COC(=O)O1; 2) 1 M [Li+].F[P-](F)(F)(F)(F)F in C1COC(=O)O1 and CCOC(=O)OCC 1:1 v%; 3) 1 M [Li+].C(F)(F)(F)S(=O)(=O)[N-]S(=O)(=O)C(F)(F)F) in CCOCCOCC; 4) 1 M [Li+].C(F)(F)(F)S(=O)(=O)[N-]S(=O)... | 1)>2)>3)>4) | 4)>1)>2)>3) | 3)>2)>1)>4) | 3)>4)>2)>1) | B | Materials | Hard | Basic | Liquid Electrolye Q&A |
Localized high-concentration electrolytes (LHCE) are known to exhibit high Coulombic Efficiency (CE) for lithium metal anode. Typical formulations of LHCE consist of lithium salt (normally LiFSI), strongly coordinating solvent (e.g., DME), and weakly- or non-coordinating dilute solvent. Which of the following molecules... | C(C(F)(F)F)OCC(F)(F)F | C(C(C(F)F)(F)F)OC(C(F)F)(F)F | COCCCCOC | CCC(=O)CC(=O)C | A,B | Materials | Medium | Advanced Reasoning | Liquid Electrolye Q&A |
Optimizing the Li+ solvation structure but maintaining low electrolyte viscosity is important to achieve high Coulombic Efficiency (CE) for lithium metal anode. Which of the following electrolytes can exhibit higher CE than 4 M LIFSI in DME? | LiFSI ([Li+].C(F)(F)(F)S(=O)(=O)[N-]S(=O)(=O)C(F)(F)F) DME (COCCOC) TTE (C(C(C(F)F)(F)F)OC(C(F)F)(F)F) 1:1.2:3 mol% | 4 M LiFSI ([Li+].C(F)(F)(F)S(=O)(=O)[N-]S(=O)(=O)C(F)(F)F) in DME (COCCOC) DEGDME (COCCOCCOC) 1:1 mol% | LiFSI ([Li+].C(F)(F)(F)S(=O)(=O)[N-]S(=O)(=O)C(F)(F)F) DME (COCCOC) TFTFE (C(C(F)(F)F)OC(C(F)F)(F)F) 1:1.2:3 mol% | 4 M LiFSI ([Li+].C(F)(F)(F)S(=O)(=O)[N-]S(=O)(=O)C(F)(F)F) in DME (COCCOC) DEC (CCOC(=O)OCC) 1:1 mol% | A,C | Materials | Easy | Advanced Reasoning | Liquid Electrolye Q&A |
Which is the correct descending order of solvation free energy for the following electrolytes (1 M lithium salt in DEC (CCOC(=O)OCC)): 1) LiOTf ([Li+].C(F)(F)(F)S(=O)(=O)[O-]); 2) LiFSI ([Li+].C(F)(F)(F)S(=O)(=O)[N-]S(=O)(=O)C(F)(F)F)); 3) LiClO4 ([Li+].[O-]Cl(=O)(=O)=O) ; 4) LiBF4 ([Li+].[B-](F)(F)(F)F)? | 1,2,3,4 | 2,4,3,1 | 1,4,3,2 | 4,3,2,1 | C | Materials | Hard | Basic | Liquid Electrolye Q&A |
Solvation free energies of electrolyte correlate negatively with Coulombic Efficiency (CE) for lithium metal anode. Which is the correct descending order of CE for the following electrolytes (concentration of LiFSI is 1 M): 1) LiFSI in DME (COCCOC); 2) LiFSI in FEC (C1C(OC(=O)O1)F) DEC (CCOC(=O)OCC) 1:2 vol%; 3) LiFSI ... | 1,3,4,2 | 2,4,3,1 | 1,4,3,2 | 4,3,2,1 | D | Materials | Medium | Advanced Reasoning | Liquid Electrolye Q&A |
The electrolyte solvent of Li-S batteries should be stable against lithium metal anode and also polysulfides. Which of the following solvent molecules are considered appropriate for Li-S batteries? | C1COCO1 | CC1COC(=O)O1 | COCCOC | COCCOC | A,D | Materials | Hard | Basic | Liquid Electrolye Q&A |
The properties of cathode materials can also affect the stability of lithium metal anode. It is known that the widely used NMC cathode can induce electrolyte degradation at the cathode-electrolyte interphase and generate soluble impurities that reduces the stability of lithium metal anode. Therefore, good electrolyte f... | [Li+].[B-](F)(F)(F)F | [Li+].[B-]1(OC(=O)C(=O)O1)(F)F | [Li+].[O-]P(=O)(F)F | [Li+].[O-]Cl(=O)(=O)=O | B,C | Materials | Easy | Advanced Reasoning | Liquid Electrolye Q&A |
It is known that Li3N has relatively high Li+ conductivity compared to LiF and Li2O. Which of the following additives can generate SEI with the best Li+ transport properties? | C1C(OC(=O)O1)F | [Li+].[N+](=O)([O-])[O-] | [Li+].[O-]Cl(=O)(=O)=O | CCOP(=O)(OCC)OCC | B | Materials | Medium | Basic | Liquid Electrolye Q&A |
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