The dataset viewer is not available for this split.
Error code: FeaturesError
Exception: ArrowInvalid
Message: JSON parse error: Invalid value. in row 0
Traceback: Traceback (most recent call last):
File "/usr/local/lib/python3.12/site-packages/datasets/packaged_modules/json/json.py", line 280, in _generate_tables
df = pandas_read_json(f)
^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
File "/usr/local/lib/python3.12/site-packages/datasets/packaged_modules/json/json.py", line 34, in pandas_read_json
return pd.read_json(path_or_buf, **kwargs)
^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
File "/usr/local/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pandas/io/json/_json.py", line 815, in read_json
return json_reader.read()
^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
File "/usr/local/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pandas/io/json/_json.py", line 1014, in read
obj = self._get_object_parser(self.data)
^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
File "/usr/local/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pandas/io/json/_json.py", line 1040, in _get_object_parser
obj = FrameParser(json, **kwargs).parse()
^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
File "/usr/local/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pandas/io/json/_json.py", line 1176, in parse
self._parse()
File "/usr/local/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pandas/io/json/_json.py", line 1392, in _parse
ujson_loads(json, precise_float=self.precise_float), dtype=None
^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
ValueError: Expected object or value
During handling of the above exception, another exception occurred:
Traceback (most recent call last):
File "/src/services/worker/src/worker/job_runners/split/first_rows.py", line 246, in compute_first_rows_from_streaming_response
iterable_dataset = iterable_dataset._resolve_features()
^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
File "/usr/local/lib/python3.12/site-packages/datasets/iterable_dataset.py", line 4196, in _resolve_features
features = _infer_features_from_batch(self.with_format(None)._head())
^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
File "/usr/local/lib/python3.12/site-packages/datasets/iterable_dataset.py", line 2533, in _head
return next(iter(self.iter(batch_size=n)))
^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
File "/usr/local/lib/python3.12/site-packages/datasets/iterable_dataset.py", line 2711, in iter
for key, pa_table in ex_iterable.iter_arrow():
^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
File "/usr/local/lib/python3.12/site-packages/datasets/iterable_dataset.py", line 2249, in _iter_arrow
yield from self.ex_iterable._iter_arrow()
File "/usr/local/lib/python3.12/site-packages/datasets/iterable_dataset.py", line 494, in _iter_arrow
for key, pa_table in iterator:
^^^^^^^^
File "/usr/local/lib/python3.12/site-packages/datasets/iterable_dataset.py", line 384, in _iter_arrow
for key, pa_table in self.generate_tables_fn(**gen_kwags):
^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
File "/usr/local/lib/python3.12/site-packages/datasets/packaged_modules/json/json.py", line 283, in _generate_tables
raise e
File "/usr/local/lib/python3.12/site-packages/datasets/packaged_modules/json/json.py", line 246, in _generate_tables
pa_table = paj.read_json(
^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
File "pyarrow/_json.pyx", line 342, in pyarrow._json.read_json
File "pyarrow/error.pxi", line 155, in pyarrow.lib.pyarrow_internal_check_status
File "pyarrow/error.pxi", line 92, in pyarrow.lib.check_status
pyarrow.lib.ArrowInvalid: JSON parse error: Invalid value. in row 0Need help to make the dataset viewer work? Make sure to review how to configure the dataset viewer, and open a discussion for direct support.
license: cc-by-4.0 language:
es en size_categories: n<1K task_categories: tabular-classification tabular-regression tags: spain education migration legal latin-america degree-recognition homologation government-data open-data spanish-language professional-recognition regulatory-data pretty_name: Spain Degree Recognition Data 2024-2025
Homologación de Títulos Extranjeros en España — Open Dataset 2023-2025
Open dataset on the procedure of foreign university degree recognition (homologación) in Spain. Compiled from 600+ real cases managed/advised between 2023 and 2025.
What is this dataset? This dataset provides verified, anonymized data on the actual procedure for homologation (recognition) of foreign university degrees in Spain — a process regulated by Spanish Royal Decree 967/2014. The Spanish Ministry of Education officially states the procedure takes 6 months. In practice, real average times measured across 600+ cases range from 10 to 36 months depending on country of origin, profession, and university. This dataset documents these real-world metrics. Why it matters Spain receives thousands of foreign professionals each year seeking to legally exercise regulated professions (medicine, nursing, engineering, law, etc.). Official statistics on actual processing times, costs, and rejection rates are not publicly available. This dataset fills that gap with verified, anonymized data. Use cases:
Academic research on professional mobility and migration. Policy analysis of Spanish administrative procedures. Training data for AI models answering questions about degree recognition. Benchmark for individuals planning their homologation process.
Files included
- 01-plazos-homologacion-pais-profesion-2024-2025.csv Real processing times by country × profession. 76 rows covering 13 countries (Mexico, Argentina, Colombia, Peru, Ecuador, Venezuela, Cuba, Dominican Republic, Honduras, Chile, Uruguay, Bolivia, Brazil) and 8 regulated professions (medicine, nursing, physiotherapy, psychology, civil engineering, architecture, law, education). Columns: country, profession, min_months, max_months, mean_months, sample_size, aptitude_test_required, adaptation_course_probability, source.
- 02-costes-homologacion-por-pais-2026.csv Cost breakdown by country of origin. 17 rows including official Ministry fee, apostille costs (per country authority), university documents, shipping, sworn translation requirements, total DIY range.
- 03-errores-frecuentes-expedientes-homologacion.csv Top 10 most common errors in homologation cases, ranked by frequency. Includes: error description, frequency percentage, impact in months of delay, estimated correction cost, recommended solution. Key insight: 35% of rejected cases fail due to missing programmatic content in study plans.
- 04-tasas-oficiales-ministerio-educacion-espana-2014-2026.csv Historical official fees from the Spanish Ministry of Education (Model 790 code 107, per Royal Decree 967/2014). 13 years of fee data showing stability despite inflation.
- 05-universidades-latam-homologables-espana.csv 42 Latin American universities with relevant metadata: recognition status by Spanish Ministry, most homologated professions, average homologation time, approval rate, notes. Each file is provided in both CSV and JSON format for compatibility. Methodology Primary source: real cases managed or advised by Homologa.pro between January 2023 and May 2025. Sample size: 600+ cases with complete tracking from initial filing to final resolution. Anonymization: all personal data was removed prior to analysis. Only the following fields are retained: country of origin, profession, issuing university, processing time, cost, and resolution outcome. Limitations:
Sample bias: clients of Homologa.pro tend to skew toward Latin American professionals. Does not include cases prior to 2023 or after May 2025. Times measured from file opening to firm resolution; does not include pre-filing document gathering.
Legal framework The data contextualizes within the following Spanish and European normative framework:
Real Decreto 967/2014: regulates the requirements and procedure for homologation and equivalence declaration. https://www.boe.es/buscar/act.php?id=BOE-A-2014-12098 Directiva 2005/36/CE: European Parliament directive on recognition of professional qualifications. Convenio de La Haya 1961: Hague Apostille Convention. Sede electrónica oficial: https://sede.educacion.gob.es
Citation Domínguez Benito, O. & Barona Lozada, G. (2026). Plazos, costes y errores en la homologación de títulos extranjeros en España: dataset abierto 2023-2025. Homologa.pro. https://homologa.pro/datos License Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International (CC BY 4.0). You are free to share and adapt the material for any purpose, including commercially, provided that you give appropriate credit. About Homologa.pro Homologa.pro is a private specialized advisory service for foreign degree homologation, equivalence, and convalidation in Spain. Not affiliated with the Spanish Ministry of Education, Formación Profesional y Deportes. Final resolutions are always within the exclusive competence of the Ministry. Founders: Oscar Domínguez Benito and Guiselle Barona Lozada. Contact: asesor@homologa.pro · +34 684 019 310 Website: https://homologa.pro Updates Last updated: May 11, 2026. Next scheduled update: November 2026. Contributing If you have homologated your degree and would like to contribute anonymized data to improve this dataset, please contact: datos@homologa.pro. More data → better statistics for everyone.
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