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1. **Rewrite the function using trigonometric identities:**
\[
f(x) = 1 - a \cos(x) - b \sin(x) - A \cos(2x) - B \sin(2x)
\]
We can use the angle addition formulas for sine and cosine:
\[
\cos(x + \theta) = \cos(x)\cos(\theta) - \sin(x)\sin(\theta)
\]
\[
\sin(x + \theta) = \sin(x)\cos(\theta)... | [
{
"content": "Let $a,b,A,B$ be given reals. We consider the function defined by \\[ f(x) = 1 - a \\cdot \\cos(x) - b \\cdot \\sin(x) - A \\cdot \\cos(2x) - B \\cdot \\sin(2x). \\] Prove that if for any real number $x$ we have $f(x) \\geq 0$ then $a^2 + b^2 \\leq 2$ and $A^2 + B^2 \\leq 1.$ ",
"role... | Let $a,b,A,B$ be given reals. We consider the function defined by \[ f(x) = 1 - a \cdot \cos(x) - b \cdot \sin(x) - A \cdot \cos(2x) - B \cdot \sin(2x). \] Prove that if for any real number $x$ we have $f(x) \geq 0$ then $a^2 + b^2 \leq 2$ and $A^2 + B^2 \leq 1.$ | math | AI-MO/NuminaMath-CoT/aops_forum | {'source': 'aops_forum', 'messages': [{'content': 'Let $a,b,A,B$ be given reals. We consider the function defined by \\[ f(x) = 1 - a \\cdot \\cos(x) - b \\cdot \\sin(x) - A \\cdot \\cos(2x) - B \\cdot \\sin(2x). \\] Prove that if for any real number $x$ we have $f(x) \\geq 0$ then $a^2 + b^2 \\leq 2$ and $A^2... | null | [
"Let $f(x) = 1 - a \\cos x - b \\sin x - A \\cos 2x - B \\sin 2x \\geq 0$ for all $x \\in \\mathbb{R}$.\nWe want to show that $a^2 + b^2 \\leq 2$ and $A^2 + B^2 \\leq 1$.\n\nConsider specific values of $x$.\nFor $x=0$, $f(0) = 1 - a - A \\geq 0$, so $a+A \\leq 1$.\nFor $x=\\pi$, $f(\\pi) = 1 - a \\cos \\pi - b \\si... | Let $P(x) = 1 - a \cos x - b \sin x - A \cos 2x - B \sin 2x$.
Since $P(x) \geq 0$ for all real $x$, by Fejer-Riesz theorem, there exists a polynomial $Q(z) = c_0 + c_1 z + c_2 z^2$ such that $P(x) = |Q(e^{ix})|^2$.
We have $|Q(e^{ix})|^2 = (c_0 + c_1 e^{ix} + c_2 e^{2ix})(\bar{c_0} + \bar{c_1} e^{-ix} + \bar{c_2} e^{-2... | [
"<think>\nOkay, so I need to prove that if the function f(x) is non-negative for all real numbers x, then the sum of the squares of a and b is less than or equal to 2, and similarly for A and B with sum of squares less than or equal to 1. The function is given by:\n\nf(x) = 1 - a cos(x) - b sin(x) - A cos(2x) - B s... |
128 | [
{
"content": "Given a rational number, write it as a fraction in lowest terms and calculate the product of the resulting numerator and denominator. For how many rational numbers between 0 and 1 will $20_{}^{}!$ be the resulting product?",
"role": "user"
}
] | Given a rational number, write it as a fraction in lowest terms and calculate the product of the resulting numerator and denominator. For how many rational numbers between 0 and 1 will $20_{}^{}!$ be the resulting product? | math | qq8933/AIME_1983_2024 | {'ID': '1991-5', 'Year': 1991, 'Problem Number': 5, 'Part': None} | null | [
"\nThe problem asks for the number of rational numbers between 0 and 1 such that when the rational number is written as a fraction in lowest terms, the product of the numerator and the denominator is $20!$.\n\nLet the rational number be $r$, where $0 < r < 1$.\nWe can write $r$ as a fraction $\\frac{a}{b}$, where $... | Solution:
Let the rational number between 0 and 1 be $r$. When written as a fraction in lowest terms, let it be $\frac{a}{b}$, where $a$ and $b$ are positive integers, $\gcd(a, b) = 1$, and $0 < a < b$.
We are given that the product of the numerator and denominator is $20!$, so $a \times b = 20!$.
We need to find the ... | [
"<think>\nOkay, so I need to figure out how many rational numbers between 0 and 1 have 20! as the product of their numerator and denominator when written in lowest terms. Let me start by understanding the problem step by step.\n\nFirst, a rational number between 0 and 1 can be expressed as a fraction a/b where 0 < ... |
"1. **Consider a countable subset \\( S_0 \\subseteq S \\)**:\n Let \\( S_0 = \\{x_1, x_2, \\ldots(...TRUNCATED) | [{"content":"Let $ \\mathcal{H}$ be an infinite-dimensional Hilbert space, let $ d>0$ , and suppo(...TRUNCATED) | "Let $ \\mathcal{H}$ be an infinite-dimensional Hilbert space, let $ d>0$ , and suppose that $ S(...TRUNCATED) | math | AI-MO/NuminaMath-CoT/aops_forum | "{'source': 'aops_forum', 'messages': [{'content': 'Let $ \\\\mathcal{H}$ be an infinite-dimension(...TRUNCATED) | null | ["Let $S \\subset \\mathcal{H}$ such that for any $x_1, x_2 \\in S$ with $x_1 \\neq x_2$, we have $\(...TRUNCATED) | "Let $x_0$ be an arbitrary point in $S$. Consider the set $S' = \\{x - x_0 : x \\in S, x \\neq x_0\\(...TRUNCATED) | ["<think>\nOkay, so I need to show that in an infinite-dimensional Hilbert space H, given a set S of(...TRUNCATED) |
109 | [{"content":"Find the remainder when $9 \\times 99 \\times 999 \\times \\cdots \\times \\underbrace{(...TRUNCATED) | "Find the remainder when $9 \\times 99 \\times 999 \\times \\cdots \\times \\underbrace{99\\cdots9}_(...TRUNCATED) | math | qq8933/AIME_1983_2024 | {'ID': '2010-I-2', 'Year': 2010, 'Problem Number': 2, 'Part': 'I'} | null | ["\nThe problem asks for the remainder when the product $P = 9 \\times 99 \\times 999 \\times \\cdot(...TRUNCATED) | "Solution:\nLet the product be $P = 9 \\times 99 \\times 999 \\times \\cdots \\times \\underbrace{99(...TRUNCATED) | ["<think>\nOkay, so I need to find the remainder when the product of numbers like 9, 99, 999, all th(...TRUNCATED) |
"Given a function $f$, define $N(f)$ to be the number of numbers that are in the same cycle as 1 (in(...TRUNCATED) | [{"content":"We randomly choose a function $f:[n] \\rightarrow[n]$, out of the $n^{n}$ possible func(...TRUNCATED) | "We randomly choose a function $f:[n] \\rightarrow[n]$, out of the $n^{n}$ possible functions. We al(...TRUNCATED) | math | KbsdJames/Omni-MATH | "{'domain': ['Mathematics -> Discrete Mathematics -> Combinatorics'], 'difficulty': 5.0, 'answer': '(...TRUNCATED) | null | ["\nThe problem asks for the probability that a randomly chosen function $f:[n] \\rightarrow[n]$ and(...TRUNCATED) | "Solution:\nLet $\\mathcal{F}$ be the set of all functions $f:[n] \\rightarrow [n]$, so $|\\mathcal{(...TRUNCATED) | ["<think>\nOkay, so I need to find the probability that there exist positive integers b and c such t(...TRUNCATED) |
167.0 | [
{
"content": "Compute the mean molecular speed v in the heavy gas radon (Rn) in m/s",
"role": "user"
}
] | Compute the mean molecular speed v in the heavy gas radon (Rn) in m/s | math | TIGER-Lab/TheoremQA/float | {'Answer_type': 'float', 'Picture': None} | null | ["Here's a thinking process to arrive at the solution:\n\n1. **Understand the Goal:** The request is(...TRUNCATED) | "To compute the mean molecular speed (v) of radon (Rn), we can use the following formula derived fro(...TRUNCATED) | ["<think>\nOkay, so I need to calculate the mean molecular speed of radon gas, which is a heavy gas.(...TRUNCATED) |
1.3 | [{"content":"Two capacitors with capacitance values $C_{1}=2000 \\pm 10 \\mathrm{pF}$ and $C_{2}=300(...TRUNCATED) | "Two capacitors with capacitance values $C_{1}=2000 \\pm 10 \\mathrm{pF}$ and $C_{2}=3000 \\pm 15 \\(...TRUNCATED) | math | daman1209arora/jeebench/phy | {'subject': 'phy', 'description': 'JEE Adv 2020 Paper 2', 'index': 15, 'type': 'Numeric'} | null | ["Let $C_1$ and $C_2$ be the capacitance values of the two capacitors, and $\\Delta C_1$ and $\\Delt(...TRUNCATED) | "Given the capacitance values $C_{1}=2000 \\pm 10 \\mathrm{pF}$ and $C_{2}=3000 \\pm 15 \\mathrm{pF}(...TRUNCATED) | ["<think>\nOkay, so I need to find the percentage error in the calculation of the energy stored in t(...TRUNCATED) |
181 | [{"content":"One base of a trapezoid is $100$ units longer than the other base. The segment that joi(...TRUNCATED) | "One base of a trapezoid is $100$ units longer than the other base. The segment that joins the midpo(...TRUNCATED) | math | qq8933/AIME_1983_2024 | {'ID': '2000-II-6', 'Year': 2000, 'Problem Number': 6, 'Part': 'II'} | null | ["\nThe problem asks for the value of $\\lfloor x^2/100 \\rfloor$, where $x$ is the length of a segm(...TRUNCATED) | "Solution:\nLet the lengths of the two bases of the trapezoid be $b_1$ and $b_2$, with $b_1 > b_2$. (...TRUNCATED) | ["<think>\nOkay, so I need to solve this trapezoid problem. Let me try to understand what's given an(...TRUNCATED) |
"1. **Defining the Sparse Set \\( S \\) and the Turing Machine \\( M \\)**\n\n We need to construc(...TRUNCATED) | [{"content":"Let's say a language $L \\subseteq \\{0,1\\}^*$ is in $\\textbf{P}_{angel}$ if ther(...TRUNCATED) | "Let's say a language $L \\subseteq \\{0,1\\}^*$ is in $\\textbf{P}_{angel}$ if there exists a p(...TRUNCATED) | math | AI-MO/NuminaMath-CoT/aops_forum | "{'source': 'aops_forum', 'messages': [{'content': \"Let's say a language $L \\\\subseteq \\\\{0,1\(...TRUNCATED) | null | ["Let's break down each part of the problem and build the solutions.\n\n**Part 1: Combining Sparse S(...TRUNCATED) | "Let's solve each part step by step.\n\n**Part 1: Combining Sparse Sets**\n\nWe are given $k$ sparse(...TRUNCATED) | ["<think>\nOkay, so I need to tackle these three parts related to P_angel and sparse sets. Let me st(...TRUNCATED) |
"(a) Let the number of promoted participants be \\( P \\) and the number of repeaters be \\( R \\). (...TRUNCATED) | [{"content":"In a mathematics test number of participants is $N < 40$ . The passmark is fixed at $(...TRUNCATED) | "In a mathematics test number of participants is $N < 40$ . The passmark is fixed at $65$ . The te(...TRUNCATED) | math | AI-MO/NuminaMath-CoT/aops_forum | "{'source': 'aops_forum', 'messages': [{'content': 'In a mathematics test number of participants is (...TRUNCATED) | null | ["Let $N$ be the total number of participants, $N < 40$.\nLet $P$ be the number of promoted particip(...TRUNCATED) | "Solution:\nLet $N$ be the total number of participants. The passmark is $65$.\nInitial state:\nAver(...TRUNCATED) | ["<think>\nOkay, so I need to solve this math problem about a test with N participants where N is le(...TRUNCATED) |
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