query stringlengths 2 666 | positive stringlengths 0 122k | negative_1 stringlengths 5 122k | negative_2 stringlengths 5 120k | negative_3 stringlengths 6 122k | negative_4 stringlengths 5 122k | negative_5 stringlengths 6 120k | bm25_scores listlengths 5 5 |
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what is pneumoniae infection prevalence | Clinical features of culture-proven Mycoplasma pneumoniae infections at King Abdulaziz University Hospital, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia: OBJECTIVE: This retrospective chart review describes the epidemiology and clinical features of 40 patients with culture-proven Mycoplasma pneumoniae infections at King Abdulaziz University H... | Prevalence and Etiology of Community-acquired Pneumonia in Immunocompromised Patients: BACKGROUND: The correct management of immunocompromised patients with pneumonia is debated. We evaluated the prevalence, risk factors, and characteristics of immunocompromised patients coming from the community with pneumonia. METHOD... | Prevalence and Correlation of Infectious Agents in Hospitalized Children with Acute Respiratory Tract Infections in Central China: Acute respiratory tract infections (ARTIs) are associated with significant morbidity and mortality worldwide, especially in children under the age of 5 years. Almost 2 million children die ... | Prevalence of hospital infection and antibiotic use at a University Medical Center in Hong Kong: Summary Hospital infection prevalence surveys were performed in our 1400-bed University medical centre in Hong Kong from 1985 to 1988. We investigated the rates of four major hospital-acquired infections (HAIs) (pneumonia, ... | Infectious pneumonia in the immunocompetent host: What the radiologist should know: Lung infections are an important cause of morbidity and mortality, particularly because of the rising antimicrobial resistance. According to the clinical setting, they can be categorized as community-acquired pneumonia and hospital-acqu... | Imaging of Pulmonary Infections: Pneumonia is one of the most frequent causes of morbidity and mortality throughout the world. It is the most prevalent community-acquired infection and the second most common nosocomial infectious disorder. Infections may occur in healthy people or individuals with concomitant intrapulm... | [
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does nitric oxide cause inflammation | Nitric oxide: a pro-inflammatory mediator in lung disease?: Inflammatory diseases of the respiratory tract are commonly associated with elevated production of nitric oxide (NO•) and increased indices of NO• -dependent oxidative stress. Although NO• is known to have anti-microbial, anti-inflammatory and anti-oxidant pro... | Dual effect of nitric oxide on SARS-CoV replication: Viral RNA production and palmitoylation of the S protein are affected: Abstract Nitric oxide is an important molecule playing a key role in a broad range of biological process such as neurotransmission, vasodilatation and immune responses. While the anti-microbiologi... | Nitric oxide induced by Indian ginseng root extract inhibits Infectious Bursal Disease virus in chicken embryo fibroblasts in vitro: Infectious Bursal Disease is a severe viral disease of chicken responsible for serious economic losses to poultry farmers. The causative agent, Infectious Bursal Disease virus, is inhibit... | Association between nitric oxide synthesis and vaccination-acquired resistance to murine hepatitis virus by spf mice: Abstract Murine hepatitis virus strain 3 (MHV-3) produces a strain-dependent pattern of disease, with A/J and BALB/c mice being considered models of resistance and susceptibility, respectively. A role f... | Modified Bhramari Pranayama in Covid 19 Infection: The Coronavirus (2019-Cov-2) infection Covid-19 is highly contagious caused by single stranded RNA virus (+ssRNA) with nucleocapsid and spreading widely all across the world and responsible for more than 3.6 million morbidity and 0.25 million mortality No specific trea... | Nitric Oxide Donors in Endotoxic and Septic Shock: Evidence Against Nitric Oxide as a Mediator of Shock: | [
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which microorganisms are affected by surfactant-d | Surfactant protein-D and pulmonary host defense: Surfactant protein-D (SP-D) participates in the innate response to inhaled microorganisms and organic antigens, and contributes to immune and inflammatory regulation within the lung. SP-D is synthesized and secreted by alveolar and bronchiolar epithelial cells, but is al... | Pulmonary Collectins in Diagnosis and Prevention of Lung Diseases: Pulmonary surfactant is a complex mixture of lipids and proteins, and is synthesized and secreted by alveolar type II epithelial cells and bronchiolar Clara cells. It acts to keep alveoli from collapsing during the expiratory phase of the respiratory cy... | Surfactant metabolism: factors affecting lipid uptake in vivo and in vitro: | Lysophosphatidylcholine Abrogates the CR1 Preserving Effect of Surfactant on Quartz-Exposed Human Granulocytes: The effects of pulmonary surfactant on granulocytes were studied by flow cytofluorometry. Cells from hemolyzed blood were first activated by N-formyl-methionyl-leucyl-phenylalanine (fMLP) which mobilizes comp... | Sulforhodamine B and exogenous surfactant effects on alveolar surface tension in acute respiratory distress syndrome models: BACKGROUND In the acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), elevated alveolar surface tension, T, may increase ventilation-induced lung injury. Exogenous surfactant therapy has not reduced ARDS... | Genetic Abnormalities of Surfactant Metabolism: Pulmonary surfactant is the complex mixture of lipids and proteins needed to reduce alveolar surface tension at the air-liquid interface and prevent alveolar collapse at the end of expiration. It has been recognized for almost 50 years that a deficiency in surfactant prod... | [
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what is a et1 | Role of endothelin-1 in lung disease: Endothelin-1 (ET-1) is a 21 amino acid peptide with diverse biological activity that has been implicated in numerous diseases. ET-1 is a potent mitogen regulator of smooth muscle tone, and inflammatory mediator that may play a key role in diseases of the airways, pulmonary circulat... | COVID-19 and cardiovascular disease: What we know, what we think we know, and what we need to know: | Cardiac Surgery and the COVID-19 Pandemic: What We Know, What We Don’t Know, and What We Need to Do: | Cardiac surgery and the coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic: What we know, what we do not know, and what we need to do: | Triage: This review provides an overview of triaging critically ill or injured patients during mass casualty incidents due to events such as disasters, pandemics, or terrorist incidents. Questions clinicians commonly have, including “what is triage?,” “when to triage?,” “what are the types of disaster triage?,” “how to... | What can we learn from China’s health system reform?: Qingyue Meng and colleagues assess what China’s health system reform has achieved and what needs to be done over the next decade | [
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what is the epithelial cellular response | Gene expression in epithelial cells in response to pneumovirus infection: Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) and pneumonia virus of mice (PVM) are viruses of the family Paramyxoviridae, subfamily pneumovirus, which cause clinically important respiratory infections in humans and rodents, respectively. The respiratory epi... | Immune regulation of the unfolded protein response at the mucosal barrier in viral infection: Protein folding in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) is subject to stringent quality control. When protein secretion demand exceeds the protein folding capacity of the ER, the unfolded protein response (UPR) is triggered as a con... | Caveolar communication with xenobiotic-stalled ribosomes compromises gut barrier integrity: In response to internal and external insults, the intestinal lining undergoes various types of epithelial adaptation or pathologic distress via stress-responsive eIF2α kinase signaling and subsequent cellular reprogramming. As a... | Establishing a liquid-covered culture of polarized human airway epithelial Calu-3 cells to study host cell response to respiratory pathogens in vitro.: The apical and basolateral surfaces of airway epithelial cells demonstrate directional responses to pathogen exposure in vivo. Thus, ideal in vitro models for examining... | Biomarkers of lung‐related diseases: Current knowledge by proteomic approaches: The lung epithelial surface is one of the vital barriers or sensors in the body responding to the external atmosphere and thereby always subjecting to direct toxicological exposure, stress, stimulus, or infection. Due to its relatively high... | Interferon lambda inhibits dengue virus replication in epithelial cells: BACKGROUND: In viral disease, infection is controlled at the cellular level by type I interferon (IFN-I), but dengue virus (DENV) has the ability to inhibit this response. Type III interferon, also known as lambda IFN (IFN-III or IFN-λ), is a comp... | [
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trs function in rna formation | Sequence requirements for RNA strand transfer during nidovirus discontinuous subgenomic RNA synthesis: Nidovirus subgenomic mRNAs contain a leader sequence derived from the 5′ end of the genome fused to different sequences (‘bodies’) derived from the 3′ end. Their generation involves a unique mechanism of discontinuous... | Gene N proximal and distal RNA motifs regulate coronavirus nucleocapsid mRNA transcription.: Coronavirus subgenomic mRNA (sgmRNA) transcription requires a discontinuous RNA synthesis mechanism driven by the transcription-regulating sequences (TRSs), located at the 3' end of the genomic leader (TRS-L) and also preceding... | Identification of a coronavirus transcription enhancer.: Coronavirus (CoV) transcription includes a discontinuous mechanism during the synthesis of sub-genome-length minus-strand RNAs leading to a collection of mRNAs in which the 5' terminal leader sequence is fused to contiguous genome sequences. It has been previousl... | The stability of the duplex between sense and antisense transcription-regulating sequences is a crucial factor in arterivirus subgenomic mRNA synthesis.: Subgenomic mRNAs of nidoviruses (arteriviruses and coronaviruses) are composed of a common leader sequence and a "body" part of variable size, which are derived from ... | Coronavirus N protein N-terminal domain (NTD) specifically binds the transcriptional regulatory sequence (TRS) and melts TRS-cTRS RNA duplexes: All coronaviruses (CoVs), including the causative agent of severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS), encode a nucleocapsid (N) protein that harbors two independent RNA binding ... | RNA-RNA and RNA-protein interactions in coronavirus replication and transcription: Coronavirus (CoV) RNA synthesis includes the replication of the viral genome, and the transcription of sgRNAs by a discontinuous mechanism. Both processes are regulated by RNA sequences such as the 5′ and 3′ untranslated regions (UTRs), ... | [
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does transfusing to normal haemoglobin level increase mortality | Debate: Transfusing to normal haemoglobin levels will not improve outcome: Recent evidence suggests that critically ill patients are able to tolerate lower levels of haemoglobin than was previously believed. It is our goal to show that transfusing to a level of 100 g/l does not improve mortality and other clinically im... | Transfusion of blood products affects outcome in cardiac surgery.: There remains controversy as to when patients undergoing cardiac surgery should receive a transfusion and whether a low hematocrit and its treatment with a transfusion of red cells influences outcome. The data related to this controversy are reviewed. A... | Use of Leukoreduced Blood Does Not Reduce Infection, Organ Failure, or Mortality Following Trauma: BACKGROUND: Leukoreduced (LR) blood has been demonstrated to reduce morbidity and mortality in high-risk surgical patients, but not in trauma patients. The objective of the present study was to determine the effect of LR ... | Artificial Blood: A Futuristic Dimension of Modern Day Transfusion Sciences: Artificial blood is an innovative concept of transfusion medicine where specifically designed compounds perform the task of transport and delivery of oxygen in the body to replace this function of allogenic human blood transfusion. Several mol... | Pre-clinical study protocol: Blood transfusion in endotoxaemic shock.: The Surviving Sepsis Campaign (SCC) and the American College of Critical Care Medicine (ACCM) guidelines recommend blood transfusion in sepsis when the haemoglobin concentration drops below 7.0 g/dL and 10.0 g/dL respectively, while the World Health... | Perioperative Anämie: Anemia is a frequent finding, particularly in the elderly population, and usually indicative of a serious disease. The main causes of preoperative anemia are acute or chronic hemorrhage, iron deficiency, renal insufficiency, inflammatory and neoplastic diseases. A preexisting mild anemia may be en... | [
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when is the international symposium on intensive care | The 21st International Symposium on Intensive Care and Emergency Medicine, Brussels, Belgium, 20-23 March 2001: The 21st International Symposium on Intensive Care and Emergency Medicine was dominated by the results of recent clinical trials in sepsis and acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). The promise of extrac... | 40th International Symposium on Intensive Care & Emergency Medicine: Brussels, Belgium. 24-27 March 2020: | 38th International Symposium on Intensive Care and Emergency Medicine: Brussels, Belgium. 20-23 March 2018: | 37th International Symposium on Intensive Care and Emergency Medicine (part 3 of 3): Brussels, Belgium. 21-24 March 2017: | 37th International Symposium on Intensive Care and Emergency Medicine (part 1 of 3): Brussels, Belgium. 21–24 March 2017: | Hot Topics in Noninvasive Ventilation: Report of a Working Group at the International Symposium on Sleep-Disordered Breathing in Leuven, Belgium.: During the last few decades, attention has increasingly focused on noninvasive ventilation (NIV) in the treatment of chronic respiratory failure. The University of Leuven an... | [
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what is a ho1 | Heme oxygenase-1 and carbon monoxide in pulmonary medicine: Heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1), an inducible stress protein, confers cytoprotection against oxidative stress in vitro and in vivo. In addition to its physiological role in heme degradation, HO-1 may influence a number of cellular processes, including growth, inflamma... | Readaptation of surgical practice during COVID‐19 outbreak: what has been done, what is missing and what to expect: | COVID-19 and cardiovascular disease: What we know, what we think we know, and what we need to know: | Cardiac Surgery and the COVID-19 Pandemic: What We Know, What We Don’t Know, and What We Need to Do: | Cardiac surgery and the coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic: What we know, what we do not know, and what we need to do: | Triage: This review provides an overview of triaging critically ill or injured patients during mass casualty incidents due to events such as disasters, pandemics, or terrorist incidents. Questions clinicians commonly have, including “what is triage?,” “when to triage?,” “what are the types of disaster triage?,” “how to... | [
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what is a roths | Technical Description of RODS: A Real-time Public Health Surveillance System: This report describes the design and implementation of the Real-time Outbreak and Disease Surveillance (RODS) system, a computer-based public health surveillance system for early detection of disease outbreaks. Hospitals send RODS data from c... | Readaptation of surgical practice during COVID‐19 outbreak: what has been done, what is missing and what to expect: | COVID-19 and cardiovascular disease: What we know, what we think we know, and what we need to know: | Cardiac Surgery and the COVID-19 Pandemic: What We Know, What We Don’t Know, and What We Need to Do: | Cardiac surgery and the coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic: What we know, what we do not know, and what we need to do: | Triage: This review provides an overview of triaging critically ill or injured patients during mass casualty incidents due to events such as disasters, pandemics, or terrorist incidents. Questions clinicians commonly have, including “what is triage?,” “when to triage?,” “what are the types of disaster triage?,” “how to... | [
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ribosomal frameshift genes | Conservation of polyamine regulation by translational frameshifting from yeast to mammals: Regulation of ornithine decarboxylase in vertebrates involves a negative feedback mechanism requiring the protein antizyme. Here we show that a similar mechanism exists in the fission yeast Schizosaccharomyces pombe. The expressi... | Enhancement of ribosomal frameshifting by oligonucleotides targeted to the HIV gag-pol region.: The pol gene of all retroviruses is expressed as a gag-pol fusion protein which is proteolytically processed to produce all viral enzymes. In the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), the gag and pol genes overlap by 241 nucle... | On programmed ribosomal frameshifting: the alternative proteomes: Frameshifting results from two main mechanisms: genomic insertions or deletions (indels) or programmed ribosomal frameshifting. Whereas indels can disrupt normal protein function, programmed ribosomal frameshifting can result in dual-coding genes, each o... | High-level ribosomal frameshifting directs the synthesis of IS150 gene products.: IS150 contains two tandem, out-of-phase, overlapping genes, ins150A and ins150B, which are controlled by the same promoter. These genes encode proteins of 19 and 31 kD, respectively. A third protein of 49 kD is a transframe gene product c... | FSDB: A frameshift signal database: Abstract Programmed frameshifting is a recoding event in which a ribosome shifts reading frame by one or more nucleotides at a specific mRNA signal between overlapping genes. Programmed frameshifting is involved in the expression of many genes in a wide range of organisms, especially... | Antisense-induced ribosomal frameshifting: Programmed ribosomal frameshifting provides a mechanism to decode information located in two overlapping reading frames by diverting a proportion of translating ribosomes into a second open reading frame (ORF). The result is the production of two proteins: the product of stand... | [
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which gene disrupts rna production | Heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoprotein A1 regulates RNA synthesis of a cytoplasmic virus: Heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoprotein (hnRNP A1) is involved in pre-mRNA splicing in the nucleus and translational regulation in the cytoplasm. In the present study, we demonstrate that hnRNP A1 also participates in the transcr... | Regulation of Stress Granules and P-Bodies During RNA Virus Infection: RNA granules are structures within cells that play major roles in gene expression and homeostasis. Two principle kinds of RNA granules are conserved from yeast to mammals: stress granules (SGs), which contain stalled translation initiation complexes... | Diversion of stress granules and P-bodies during viral infection: Abstract RNA granules are structures within cells that impart key regulatory measures on gene expression. Two general types of RNA granules are conserved from yeast to mammals: stress granules (SGs), which contain many translation initiation factors, and... | Long-distance RNA-RNA interactions in the coronavirus genome form high-order structures promoting discontinuous RNA synthesis during transcription.: Coronavirus (CoV) transcription requires a high-frequency recombination process that links newly synthesized minus-strand subgenomic RNA copies to the leader region, which... | The complete sequence (22 kilobases) of murine coronavirus gene 1 encoding the putative proteases and RNA polymerase: Abstract The 5′-most gene, gene 1, of the genome of murine coronavirus, mouse hepatitis virus (MHV), is presumed to encode the viral RNA-dependent RNA polymerase. We have determined the complete sequenc... | Innate Immune Detection of Cardioviruses and Viral Disruption of Interferon Signaling: Cardioviruses are members of the Picornaviridae family and infect a variety of mammals, from mice to humans. Replication of cardioviruses produces double stranded RNA that is detected by helicases in the RIG-I-like receptor family an... | [
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what are ubiquitin domain proteins | A Method to Identify p62's UBA Domain Interacting Proteins: The UBA domain is a conserved sequence motif among polyubiquitin binding proteins. For the first time, we demonstrate a systematic, high throughput approach to identification of UBA domain-interacting proteins from a proteome-wide perspective. Using the rabbit... | Specificity in Ubiquitination Triggered by Virus Infection: Ubiquitination is a prominent posttranslational modification, in which the ubiquitin moiety is covalently attached to a target protein to influence protein stability, interaction partner and biological function. All seven lysine residues of ubiquitin, along wi... | X-ray Structural and Functional Studies of the Three Tandemly Linked Domains of Non-structural Protein 3 (nsp3) from Murine Hepatitis Virus Reveal Conserved Functions.: Murine hepatitis virus (MHV) has long served as a model system for the study of coronaviruses. Non-structural protein 3 (nsp3) is the largest nsp in th... | RNA-binding activity of TRIM25 is mediated by its PRY/SPRY domain and is required for ubiquitination: TRIM25 is a novel RNA-binding protein and a member of the Tripartite Motif (TRIM) family of E3 ubiquitin ligases, which plays a pivotal role in the innate immune response. Almost nothing is known about its RNA-related ... | Structural Basis of Ubiquitin Recognition by the Deubiquitinating Protease USP2: Summary Deubiquitinating proteases reverse protein ubiquitination and rescue their target proteins from destruction by the proteasome. USP2, a cysteine protease and a member of the ubiquitin specific protease family, is overexpressed in pr... | RNA-binding activity of TRIM25 is mediated by its PRY/SPRY domain and is required for ubiquitination: BACKGROUND: TRIM25 is a novel RNA-binding protein and a member of the Tripartite Motif (TRIM) family of E3 ubiquitin ligases, which plays a pivotal role in the innate immune response. However, there is scarce knowledge... | [
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what is a vaccinia cytoskeleton | Vaccinia virus infection disrupts microtubule organization and centrosome function: We examined the role of the microtubule cytoskeleton during vaccinia virus infection. We found that newly assembled virus particles accumulate in the vicinity of the microtubule-organizing centre in a microtubule- and dynein–dynactin co... | Vaccinia virus proteolysis—a review: It is well known that viruses, as obligate intracellular parasites, must use their hosts' metabolic machinery in order to replicate their genomes and form infectious progeny virions. What is less well known are the details of how viruses make sure that once all the necessary protein... | Expression and cellular localisation of porcine transmissible gastroenteritis virus N and M proteins by recombinant vaccinia viruses: Abstract Porcine transmissible gastroenteritis virus (TGEV) nucleoprotein and integral membrane protein genes were cloned into the vaccinia virus insertion vector, pGS20, in the correct ... | Chapter 7 Use of Recombinant Vaccinia Virus Vectors for Cell Biology: This chapter describes the use of several of the recombinant vaccinia expression systems, focuses on the systems that are most useful for cell biologists, and discusses their advantages and limitations. Vaccinia-mediated expression can be used for as... | Viral transport and the cytoskeleton: Abstract In the past decade, studies into the way in which intracellular bacterial pathogens hijack and subvert their hosts have provided many important insights into regulation of the actin cytoskeleton and cell motility, in addition to increasing our understanding of the infectio... | Vaccinia and Pox-Virus: Vaccinia virus has been studied extensively since its discovery as a smallpox vaccine in 1798. Its use as a smallpox vaccine documented its safety profile. It was later found that its large size and ability to accept large fragments of DNA combined with its natural tumor affinity make it an attr... | [
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what year did the influenza pandemic start | The site of origin of the 1918 influenza pandemic and its public health implications: | Greening the Post-pandemic Recovery in the G20: Rebuilding G20 economies after the COVID-19 pandemic requires rethinking what type of economy we need and want in the future. Simply reviving the existing ‘brown’ economy will exacerbate irreversible climate change and other environmental risks. For G20 economies, investi... | Pandemic Influenza Vaccines: What did We Learn from the 2009 Pandemic and are We Better Prepared Now?: In 2009, a novel A(H1N1) influenza virus emerged with rapid human-to-human spread and caused the first pandemic of the 21st century. Although this pandemic was considered mild compared to the previous pandemics of the... | Influenza as a model system for studying the cross-species transfer and evolution of the SARS coronavirus.: Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS-CoV) moved into humans from a reservoir species and subsequently caused an epidemic in its new host. We know little about the processes that allowed the cross-s... | Five years of non-prescription oseltamivir: effects on resistance, immunization and stockpiling: OBJECTIVES: In 2007 New Zealand (NZ) became the first country to make oseltamivir (Tamiflu®) available off-prescription. This study investigated the extent of pharmacist supply of oseltamivir over 5 years, including during ... | Pathogenesis of pandemic H1N1 2009 influenza virus infection and the implication on management: The pandemic H1N1 2009 influenza virus has caused the first influenza pandemic of the 21st century, leading to disproportionate fatalities in the low-risk population despite the generally mild nature of the illness. Advances... | [
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what is the advantage of using dna arrays | Multi-faceted, multi-versatile microarray: simultaneous detection of many viruses and their expression profiles: There are hundreds of viruses that infect different human organs and cause diseases. Some fatal emerging viral infections have become serious public health issues worldwide. Early diagnosis and subsequent tr... | Clinical Use of DNA Vaccines: Owing to their unique advantages in simplicity, safety, scalability, and possibility of repeated administrations, DNA vaccines represent an appealing and competitive immunization approach for a wide array of conditions, including but not limited to infectious diseases and cancer immunother... | Basic concepts of microarrays and potential applications in clinical microbiology.: The introduction of in vitro nucleic acid amplification techniques, led by real-time PCR, into the clinical microbiology laboratory has transformed the laboratory detection of viruses and select bacterial pathogens. However, the progres... | DNA microarrays for the diagnosis of infectious diseases: Abstract The diagnosis of bacterial infections relies on isolation of the bacterium, which is rarely achieved when needed for patient management. Furthermore, culture is poorly suited to the diagnosis of polymicrobial infections. Finally, a syndromic approach sh... | Genotyping Arrays: Although the most common use of DNA microarrays is gene expression profiling, microarrays are also used for many other applications, including genotyping, resequencing, SNP analysis, and DNA methylation assays. Here we describe genotyping arrays for Influenza A subtype identification and for upper re... | Chapter 11 Detection of Analytes on Arrays/Microarrays/DNA Chips: Publisher Summary Microarrays/arrays/DNA chips are frequently being used to detect different analytes in biosensors. This chapter analyzes the detection of different analytes on microarrays/arrays/DNA chips and analyzes the kinetics of binding and dissoc... | [
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normal capillary leak | Herpes simplex virus type 1 and normal protein permeability in the lungs of critically ill patients: a case for low pathogenicity?: INTRODUCTION: The pathogenicity of late respiratory infections with herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) in the critically ill is unclear. METHODS: In four critically ill patients with pers... | POLYMORPHONUCLEAR LEUKOCYTE SUPEROXIDE ANION GENERATION IN CRITICALLY ILL CHILDREN: Generation of active oxygen species by activated PMNs plays a paramont role in human immunologic defenses. However, numerous in vitro experiments have demonstrated that inadvertant release of highly reactive oxygen metabolites by the PM... | Systemic Capillary Leak Syndrome secondary to Covid-19: Abstract Systemic capillary leak syndrome is a rare disorder characterized by dysfunctional inflammatory response, endothelial dysfunction, and extravasation of fluid from the vascular space to the interstitial space leading to shock, hemoconcentration, hypoalbumi... | Capillary leak-syndrome triggered by Maripa virus in French Guiana: case report and implication for pathogenesis: BACKGROUND: We report hereby a severe case of Hantavirus Pulmonary Syndrome” (HPS) induced by Maripa virus in French Guiana and describe the mechanism of severity of the human disease. CASE PRESENTATION: A ... | Pulmonary capillary leak syndrome following COVID-19 virus infection: | SARS-CoV-2 Induces Acute and Refractory Relapse of Systemic Capillary Leak Syndrome (Clarkson's Disease): | [
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is the ring vaccine effective | Logistics of community smallpox control through contact tracing and ring vaccination: a stochastic network model: BACKGROUND: Previous smallpox ring vaccination models based on contact tracing over a network suggest that ring vaccination would be effective, but have not explicitly included response logistics and limite... | Epidemic dynamics on scale-free networks with piecewise linear infectivity and immunization.: We examine epidemic thresholds for disease spread using susceptible-infected-susceptible models on scale-free networks with variable infectivity. Infectivity between nodes is modeled as a piecewise linear function of the node ... | Prediction of smallpox outbreak and evaluation of control-measure policy in Japan, using a mathematical model: Abstract Since the September 1 terrorist attacks and moreover, since the anthrax exposure events in 2001 in the United States, bioterrorism attacks seem to be a real threat. Of course, the public health author... | Standing laparoscopic peritoneal flap hernioplasty technique for preventing recurrence of acquired strangulating inguinal herniation in stallions.: OBJECTIVE To describe a standing laparoscopic peritoneal flap hernioplasty (PFH) technique for closure of the vaginal ring, and to evaluate its effect on prevention of recu... | Comparative Analysis of the Effectiveness of Three Immunization Strategies in Controlling Disease Outbreaks in Realistic Social Networks: The high incidence of emerging infectious diseases has highlighted the importance of effective immunization strategies, especially the stochastic algorithms based on local available ... | An Infectious Disease Outbreak Simulator Based on the Cellular Automata Paradigm: In this paper, we propose the use of Cellular Automata paradigm to simulate an infectious disease outbreak. The simulator facilitates the study of dynamics of epidemics of different infectious diseases, and has been applied to study the e... | [
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what are some examples of dna repair | Protection of pulmonary epithelial cells from oxidative stress by hMYH adenine glycosylase: BACKGROUND: Oxygen toxicity is a major cause of lung injury. The base excision repair pathway is one of the most important cellular protection mechanisms that responds to oxidative DNA damage. Lesion-specific DNA repair enzymes ... | POLD1: central mediator of DNA replication and repair, and implication in cancer and other pathologies: The evolutionarily conserved human polymerase delta (POLD1) gene encodes the large p125 subunit which provides the essential catalytic activities of polymerase δ (Polδ), mediated by 5’–3’ DNA polymerase and 3’–5’ exo... | Central Role of Ubiquitination in Genome Maintenance: DNA Replication and Damage Repair: Faithful transmission of genetic information through generations ensures genomic stability and integrity. However, genetic alterations occur every now and then during the course of genome duplication. In order to repair these genet... | Dual roles of DNA repair enzymes in RNA biology/post-transcriptional control.: Despite consistent research into the molecular principles of the DNA damage repair pathway for almost two decades, it has only recently been found that RNA metabolism is very tightly related to this pathway, and the two ancient biochemical m... | Protein arginine methylation in mammals: who, what, and why.: The covalent marking of proteins by methyl group addition to arginine residues can promote their recognition by binding partners or can modulate their biological activity. A small family of gene products that catalyze such methylation reactions in eukaryotes... | Activation of the DNA Damage Response by RNA Viruses: RNA viruses are a genetically diverse group of pathogens that are responsible for some of the most prevalent and lethal human diseases. Numerous viruses introduce DNA damage and genetic instability in host cells during their lifecycles and some species also manipula... | [
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alkb functions in eukaryotic viruses | Bioinformatic mapping of AlkB homology domains in viruses: BACKGROUND: AlkB-like proteins are members of the 2-oxoglutarate- and Fe(II)-dependent oxygenase superfamily. In Escherichia coli the protein protects RNA and DNA against damage from methylating agents. 1-methyladenine and 3-methylcytosine are repaired by oxida... | Yeast for virus research: Budding yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae) and fission yeast (Schizosaccharomyces pombe) are two popular model organisms for virus research. They are natural hosts for viruses as they carry their own indigenous viruses. Both yeasts have been used for studies of plant, animal and human viruses. M... | Baculovirus Display: A Multifunctional Technology for Gene Delivery and Eukaryotic Library Development: Abstract For over a decade, phage display has proven to be of immense value, allowing selection of a large variety of genes with novel functions from diverse libraries. However, the folding and modification requireme... | Saccharomyces cerevisiae: a versatile eukaryotic system in virology: The yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae is a well-established model system for understanding fundamental cellular processes relevant to higher eukaryotic organisms. Less known is its value for virus research, an area in which Saccharomyces cerevisiae has p... | Widespread 3'-end uridylation in eukaryotic RNA viruses.: RNA 3' uridylation occurs pervasively in eukaryotes, but is poorly characterized in viruses. In this study, we demonstrate that a broad array of RNA viruses, including mycoviruses, plant viruses and animal viruses, possess a novel population of RNA species beari... | SNARE motif: a common motif used by pathogens to manipulate membrane fusion.: To penetrate host cells through their membranes, pathogens use a variety of molecular components in which the presence of heptad repeat motifs seems to be a prevailing element. Heptad repeats are characterized by a pattern of seven, generally... | [
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what are emergency powers in public health | Managing emerging infectious diseases: Is a federal system an impediment to effective laws?: In the 1980's and 1990's HIV/AIDS was the emerging infectious disease. In 2003–2004 we saw the emergence of SARS, Avian influenza and Anthrax in a man made form used for bioterrorism. Emergency powers legislation in Australia i... | Public Health Informatics and the Health Information Infrastructure: What are the three core functions of public health, and how do they help shape the different foci of public health and medicine? What are the current and potential effects of a) the genomics revolution; and b) 9/11 on public health informatics? What w... | What Caused the Outbreak of COVID-19 in China: From the Perspective of Crisis Management: Since the first known case of a COVID-19 infected patient in Wuhan, China on 8 December 2019, COVID-19 has spread to more than 200 countries, causing a worldwide public health crisis. The existing literature fails to examine what ... | What Caused the Outbreak of COVID-19 in China: From the Perspective of Crisis Management: Since the first known case of a COVID-19 infected patient in Wuhan, China on 8 December 2019, COVID-19 has spread to more than 200 countries, causing a worldwide public health crisis. The existing literature fails to examine what ... | Law and public health: beyond emergency preparedness.: This Article examines three questions: What is public health? What is public health law? What roles can lawyers play in public health? It first describes the breadth of public health, highlighting six trends shaping its future: social determinants of health; synerg... | Through the quarantine looking glass: drug-resistant tuberculosis and public health governance, law, and ethics.: The incident in May-June 2007 involving a U.S. citizen traveling internationally while infected with drug-resistant tuberculosis involved the U.S. federal government's application of its quarantine and isol... | [
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where does the horizontal transfer take place? | Detection and characterization of horizontal transfers in prokaryotes using genomic signature: Horizontal DNA transfer is an important factor of evolution and participates in biological diversity. Unfortunately, the location and length of horizontal transfers (HTs) are known for very few species. The usage of short oli... | Infectious Diseases: This chapter introduces infectious diseases faced by many populations in the world. The role of the environment and how and why these diseases are transmitted as well as prevention strategies are also discussed. The story takes place at a disco funeral in Kenya, where HIV prevalence is high and ris... | Engineering targeted viral vectors for gene therapy: To achieve therapeutic success, transfer vehicles for gene therapy must be capable of transducing target cells while avoiding impact on non-target cells. Despite the high transduction efficiency of viral vectors, their tropism frequently does not match the therapeuti... | A duty to participate in research: does social context matter?: Because of the important benefits that biomedical research offers to humans, some have argued that people have a general moral obligation to participate in research. Although the defense of such a putative moral duty has raised controversy, few scholars, o... | Detection and characterization of horizontal transfers in prokaryotes using genomic signature: Horizontal DNA transfer is an important factor of evolution and participates in biological diversity. Unfortunately, the location and length of horizontal transfers (HTs) are known for very few species. The usage of short oli... | Horizontal Gene Transfers with or without Cell Fusions in All Categories of the Living Matter: This article reviews the history of widespread exchanges of genetic segments initiated over 3 billion years ago, to be part of their life style, by sphero-protoplastic cells, the ancestors of archaea, prokaryota, and eukaryot... | [
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what probe is used in oligonucleotide microarrays | Comparisons of substitution, insertion and deletion probes for resequencing and mutational analysis using oligonucleotide microarrays: Although oligonucleotide probes complementary to single nucleotide substitutions are commonly used in microarray-based screens for genetic variation, little is known about the hybridiza... | Molecular detection and identification of influenza viruses by oligonucleotide microarray hybridization.: Microarrays of virus-specific oligonucleotides may provide a method of screening samples for the presence or absence of a large variety of viruses simultaneously. Influenza viruses are ideal for evaluating such mic... | Comprehensive viral oligonucleotide probe design using conserved protein regions: Oligonucleotide microarrays have been applied to microbial surveillance and discovery where highly multiplexed assays are required to address a wide range of genetic targets. Although printing density continues to increase, the design of ... | Development of oligonucleotide microarray for accurate and simultaneous detection of avian respiratory viral diseases: BACKGROUND: Avian influenza virus (AIV), infectious bronchitis virus (IBV), and Newcastle disease virus (NDV) are important avian pathogens that can cause enormous economic loss on the poultry industry... | Design and application of 60mer oligonucleotide microarray in SARS coronavirus detection: The 60mer oligonucleotide microarray was designed and applied to detecting of SARS (severe acute respiratory syndrome) coronavirus. Thirty 60mer specific oligos were designed to cover the whole genome of the first submitted corona... | A diagnostic oligonucleotide microarray for simultaneous detection of grapevine viruses: Abstract At least 58 viruses have been reported to infect grapevines causing economic damage globally. Conventional detection strategies based on serological assays, biological indexing and RT-PCR targeting one or few viruses in ea... | [
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is h-lse found in embryonic testis | A Gene Encoding Sialic-Acid-Specific 9-O-Acetylesterase Found in Human Adult Testis: Using differential display RT-PCR, we identified a gene of 2750 bp from human adult testis, named H-Lse, which encoded a putative protein of 523 amino acids and molecular weight of 58 kd with structural characteristics similar to that ... | Immunophysiology and Pathology of Inflammation in the Testis and Epididymis: ABSTRACT: The ability of spermatogenic cells to evade the host immune system and the ability of systemic inflammation to inhibit male reproductive function represent two of the most intriguing conundrums of male reproduction. Clearly, an under... | Single-cell transcriptome analysis of the novel coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) associated gene ACE2 expression in normal and non-obstructive azoospermia (NOA) human male testes: Being infected by SARS-CoV-2 may cause damage to multiple organs in patients, such as the lung, liver and heart. Angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (AC... | Modeling and Forecasting Trend of COVID-19 Epidemic in Iran: Background: COVID-19 is an emerging disease and precise data are not available in the world and Iran. this study aimed to determine the epidemic trend and prediction of COVID-19 in Iran. Methods: This study is a secondary data analysis and modeling. We used t... | Single-cell transcriptome analysis of the novel coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) associated gene ACE2 expression in normal and non-obstructive azoospermia (NOA) human male testes: Being infected by SARS-CoV-2 may cause damage to multiple organs in patients, such as the lung, liver and heart. Angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (AC... | Modeling and forecasting trend of COVID-19 epidemic in Iran until May 13, 2020: Background: COVID-19 is a new disease and precise data are not available about this illness in Iran and in the world. Thus, this study aimed to determine the epidemic trend and prediction of COVID-19 in Iran. Methods: This was a secondary d... | [
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what is the function of mast cells in pancreatic pain? | The role of mast cells in the pathogenesis of pain in chronic pancreatitis: BACKGROUND: The biological basis of pain in chronic pancreatitis is poorly understood. Mast cells have been implicated in the pathogenesis of pain in other conditions. We hypothesized that mast cells play a role in the pain of chronic pancreati... | CD117-positive cells of the heart: progenitor cells or mast cells?: Human cardiac stem/progenitor cells and their potential for repair of heart injury are a current hot topic of research. CD117 has been used frequently as a marker for identification of stem/progenitor cells in the heart. However, cardiac mast cells, wh... | Globule leukocytes and mast cells in the rat trachea: their number, distribution, and response to compound 48/80 and dexamethasone: Globule leukocytes in the epithelium of the rat trachea may be counterparts of mucosal mast cells that are located in the gastrointestinal tract. If they are indeed similar to mucosal mast... | Mast Cells and Influenza A Virus: Association with Allergic Responses and Beyond: Influenza A virus (IAV) is a widespread infectious agent commonly found in mammalian and avian species. In humans, IAV is a respiratory pathogen that causes seasonal infections associated with significant morbidity in young and elderly po... | Laparoscopic lateral pancreaticojejunostomy for chronic pancreatitis: a case report and review of the literature.: BACKGROUND Lateral pancreaticojejunostomy (LPJ) is a suitable procedure to treat unremitting abdominal pain of chronic pancreatitis (CP) in the presence of a markedly dilated pancreatic duct containing sto... | Methylmercury induces pancreatic beta-cell apoptosis and dysfunction.: Mercury is a well-known toxic metal, which induces oxidative stress. Pancreatic beta-cells are vulnerable to oxidative stress. The pathophysiological effect of mercury on the function of pancreatic beta-cells remains unclear. The present study was d... | [
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how fast is viral recombination | Recombination Every Day: Abundant Recombination in a Virus during a Single Multi-Cellular Host Infection: Viral recombination can dramatically impact evolution and epidemiology. In viruses, the recombination rate depends on the frequency of genetic exchange between different viral genomes within an infected host cell a... | Comparison of the Luminex Respiratory Virus Panel fast assay with in-house real-time PCR for respiratory viral infection diagnosis.: The Luminex xTAG Respiratory Virus Panel (RVP) assay has been shown to offer improved diagnostic sensitivity over traditional viral culture methods and to have a sensitivity comparable to... | A Virus-Encoded Cell–Cell Fusion Machine Dependent on Surrogate Adhesins: The reovirus fusion-associated small transmembrane (FAST) proteins function as virus-encoded cellular fusogens, mediating efficient cell–cell rather than virus–cell membrane fusion. With ectodomains of only ∼20–40 residues, it is unclear how such... | Field-deployable, quantitative, rapid identification of active Ebola virus infection in unprocessed blood: The West African Ebola virus outbreak underlined the importance of delivering mass diagnostic capability outside the clinical or primary care setting in effectively containing public health emergencies caused by i... | Reverse genetics of coronaviruses using vaccinia virus vectors.: In this article, we describe the reverse genetic system that is based on the use of vaccinia virus cloning vectors. This system represents a generic approach to coronavirus reverse genetics and was first described for the generation of recombinant human c... | [Simultaneous multiple assay (Luminex xTAG respiratory viral panel FAST assay) efficacy in human respiratory virus detection].: Luminex xTAG respiratory viral panel FAST (RVP FAST) assay detects 17 human respiratory virus strains per measurement. Studying RVP FAST efficacy in detecting respiratory viruses in 67 aspirat... | [
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