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Adversaries may obtain and abuse credentials of existing accounts as a means of gaining Initial Access, Persistence, Privilege Escalation, or Defense Evasion. | "adversary", "obtain", "credential" / "adversary", "abuse", "credential" / "credential", "belong to", "account" / "adversary", "gain", "initial access" / "adversary", "gain", "persistence" / "adversary", "gain", "privilege escalation" / "adversary", "gain", "defense evasion" |
Compromised credentials may be used to bypass access controls placed on various resources on systems within the network and may even be used for persistent access to remote systems and externally available services, such as VPNs, Outlook Web Access, network devices, and remote desktop. | "compromised credential", "used to bypass", "access control" / "access control", "placed on", "resource" / "resource", "located in", "system" / "system", "located in", "network" / "compromised credential", "used for", "persistent access" / "persistent access", "applied to", "remote system" / "persistent access", "appli... |
Compromised credentials may also grant an adversary increased privilege to specific systems or access to restricted areas of the network. | "compromised credential", "grant", "adversary" / "adversary", "gain", "increased privilege" / "increased privilege", "applied to", "specific system" / "adversary", "gain", "access" / "access", "applied to", "restricted area" / "restricted area", "located in", "network" |
Adversaries may choose not to use malware or tools in conjunction with the legitimate access provided by compromised credentials to make detection of the adversary's presence harder. | "adversary", "choose not to use", "malware" / "adversary", "choose not to use", "tool" / "legitimate access", "provided by", "compromised credential" / "adversary", "make harder", "detection" / "detection", "applied to", "adversary presence" |
In some cases, adversaries may abuse inactive accounts, for example, accounts belonging to individuals who are no longer part of an organization. | "adversary", "abuse", "inactive account" / "inactive account", "belong to", "individual" / "individual", "no longer part of", "organization" |
Using these inactive accounts may allow the adversary to evade detection, as the original account user will not be present to identify any anomalous activity taking place on the compromised account. | "adversary", "use", "inactive account" / "adversary", "evade", "detection" / "original account user", "absent to identify", "anomalous activity" / "anomalous activity", "take place on", "compromised account" |
The overlap of permissions for local accounts, domain accounts, and cloud accounts across a network of systems is of concern because the adversary may be able to pivot across accounts and systems to reach a high level of access (i.e., domain or enterprise administrator) to bypass access controls set within the enterpri... | permission, "overlap", "local account" / "permission", "overlap", "domain account" / "permission", "overlap", "cloud account" / "network", "contain", "system" / "adversary", "pivot across", "account" / "adversary", "pivot across", "system" / "adversary", "reach", "high level of access" / "high level of access", "includ... |
Adversaries may obtain and abuse credentials of a default account as a means of gaining Initial Access, Persistence, Privilege Escalation, or Defense Evasion. | "adversary", "obtain", "credential of default account" / "adversary", "abuse", "credential of default account" / "adversary", "gain", "initial access" / "adversary", "gain", "persistence" / "adversary", "gain", "privilege escalation" / "adversary", "gain", "defense evasion" |
Default accounts are accounts that are built into an operating system, such as the Guest or Administrator accounts on Windows systems. | default account, "built into", "operating system" / "operating system", "include", "Guest account" / "operating system", "include", "Administrator account" / "Guest account", "exist on", "Windows system" / "Administrator account", "exist on", "Windows system" |
Default accounts also include default factory or provider set accounts on other types of systems, software, or devices, including the root user account in AWS and the default service account in Kubernetes. | default account, "include", "default factory account" / "default account", "include", "provider set account" / "default account", "exist on", "system" / "default account", "exist on", "software" / "default account", "exist on", "device" / "root user account", "exist in", "AWS" / "default service account", "exist in", "... |
Default accounts are not limited to client machines but also include accounts that are preset for equipment such as network devices and computer applications, whether the applications are internal, open source, or commercial. | "default account", "not limited to", "client machine" / "default account", "include", "account preset for equipment" / "account preset for equipment", "include", "network device" / "account preset for equipment", "include", "computer application" / "computer application", "be", "internal" / "computer application", "be"... |
Appliances that come preset with a username and password combination pose a serious threat to organizations that do not change the credentials post installation, as default accounts are easy targets for an adversary. | "appliance", "come with", "username and password combination" / "username and password combination", "pose", "threat" / "organization", "not change", "credential post installation" / "default account", "be", "easy target" / "easy target", "for", "adversary" |
Similarly, adversaries may also utilize publicly disclosed or stolen Private Keys or credential materials to legitimately connect to remote environments via Remote Services. | adversary, "utilize", "publicly disclosed private key" / "adversary", "utilize", "stolen private key" / "adversary", "utilize", "credential material" / "adversary", "connect to", "remote environment" / "connection", "made via", "remote service" |
Adversaries may obtain and abuse credentials of a domain account as a means of gaining Initial Access, Persistence, Privilege Escalation, or Defense Evasion. | adversary, "obtain", "credential of domain account" / "adversary", "abuse", "credential of domain account" / "adversary", "gain", "initial access" / "adversary", "gain", "persistence" / "adversary", "gain", "privilege escalation" / "adversary", "gain", "defense evasion" |
Domain accounts are accounts managed by Active Directory Domain Services where access and permissions are configured across systems and services that are part of the domain. | domain account, "managed by", "Active Directory Domain Services" / "access", "configured across", "system" / "permission", "configured across", "system" / "access", "configured across", "service" / "permission", "configured across", "service" / "system", "part of", "domain" / "service", "part of", "domain" |
Domain accounts can cover users, administrators, and services. | "domain account", "cover", "user" / "domain account", "cover", "administrator" / "domain account", "cover", "service" |
Adversaries may compromise domain accounts, some with a high level of privileges, through various means such as OS Credential Dumping or password reuse, allowing access to privileged resources of the domain. | adversary, "compromise", "domain account" / "domain account", "have", "high level of privilege" / "adversary", "use", "OS Credential Dumping" / "adversary", "use", "password reuse" / "adversary", "gain", "access to privileged resource" / "privileged resource", "belong to", "domain" |
Adversaries may obtain and abuse credentials of a local account as a means of gaining Initial Access, Persistence, Privilege Escalation, or Defense Evasion. | "adversary", "obtain", "credential of local account" / "adversary", "abuse", "credential of local account" / "adversary", "gain", "initial access" / "adversary", "gain", "persistence" / "adversary", "gain", "privilege escalation" / "adversary", "gain", "defense evasion" |
Local accounts are accounts configured by an organization for use by users, remote support, services, or for administration on a single system or service. | local account, "configured by", "organization" / "local account", "used by", "user" / "local account", "used by", "remote support" / "local account", "used by", "service" / "local account", "used for", "administration" / "administration", "applied to", "single system" / "administration", "applied to", "single service" |
Local accounts may also be abused to elevate privileges and harvest credentials through OS Credential Dumping. | local account, "abused to", "elevate privilege" / "local account", "used to", "harvest credential" / "adversary", "use", "OS Credential Dumping" |
Password reuse may allow the abuse of local accounts across a set of machines on a network for the purposes of Privilege Escalation and Lateral Movement. | password reuse, "allow", "abuse of local account" / "local account", "abused across", "set of machines" / "set of machines", "located in", "network" / "adversary", "gain", "privilege escalation" / "adversary", "perform", "lateral movement" |
Valid accounts in cloud environments may allow adversaries to perform actions to achieve Initial Access, Persistence, Privilege Escalation, or Defense Evasion. | valid account, "exist in", "cloud environment" / "valid account", "allow", "adversary" / "adversary", "perform", "action" / "adversary", "achieve", "initial access" / "adversary", "achieve", "persistence" / "adversary", "achieve", "privilege escalation" / "adversary", "achieve", "defense evasion" |
Cloud accounts are accounts created and configured by an organization for use by users, remote support, services, or for administration of resources within a cloud service provider or SaaS application. | cloud account, "created by", "organization" / "cloud account", "configured by", "organization" / "cloud account", "used by", "user" / "cloud account", "used by", "remote support" / "cloud account", "used by", "service" / "cloud account", "used for", "administration of resources" / "administration of resources", "within... |
Cloud accounts can exist solely in the cloud; alternatively, these accounts may be hybrid-joined between on-premises systems and the cloud through syncing or federation with other identity sources such as Windows Active Directory. | cloud account, "exist", "solely in cloud" / "cloud account", "be", "hybrid-joined" / "hybrid-joined account", "sync with", "on-premises system" / "hybrid-joined account", "sync with", "cloud" / "hybrid-joined account", "federated with", "other identity source" / "identity source", "include", "Windows Active Directory" |
Service or user accounts may be targeted by adversaries through Brute Force, Phishing, or various other means to gain access to the environment. | service account, "targeted by", "adversary" / "user account", "targeted by", "adversary" / "adversary", "use", "brute force" / "adversary", "use", "phishing" / "adversary", "use", "various other means" / "adversary", "gain", "access to environment" |
Federated or synced accounts may be a pathway for the adversary to affect both on-premises systems and cloud environments, for example, by leveraging shared credentials to log onto Remote Services. | federated account, "be", "pathway for adversary" / "synced account", "be", "pathway for adversary" / "adversary", "affect", "on-premises system" / "adversary", "affect", "cloud environment" / "adversary", "leverage", "shared credential" / "adversary", "log onto", "remote service" |
High-privileged cloud accounts, whether federated, synced, or cloud-only, may also allow pivoting to on-premises environments by leveraging SaaS-based Software Deployment Tools to run commands on hybrid-joined devices. | high-privileged cloud account, "allow", "pivoting to on-premises environment" / "high-privileged cloud account", "be", "federated" / "high-privileged cloud account", "be", "synced" / "high-privileged cloud account", "be", "cloud-only" / "adversary", "leverage", "SaaS-based Software Deployment Tool" / "SaaS-based Softwa... |
An adversary may create long-lasting Additional Cloud Credentials on a compromised cloud account to maintain persistence in the environment. | adversary, "create", "additional cloud credential" / "additional cloud credential", "exist on", "compromised cloud account" / "adversary", "maintain", "persistence in environment" |
Such credentials may also be used to bypass security controls such as multi-factor authentication. | credential, "used to bypass", "security control" / "security control", "include", "multi-factor authentication" |
Cloud accounts may also be able to assume Temporary Elevated Cloud Access or other privileges through various means within the environment. | cloud account, "assume", "temporary elevated cloud access" / "cloud account", "assume", "other privilege" / "adversary", "gain", "privilege through various means" / "various means", "exist within", "environment" |
Misconfigurations in role assignments or role assumption policies may allow an adversary to use these mechanisms to leverage permissions outside the intended scope of the account. | misconfiguration, "exist in", "role assignment" / "misconfiguration", "exist in", "role assumption policy" / "adversary", "use", "mechanism" / "adversary", "leverage", "permission" / "permission", "used outside", "intended scope of account" |
Such over-privileged accounts may be used to harvest sensitive data from online storage accounts and databases through Cloud API or other methods. | over-privileged account, "used to", "harvest sensitive data" / "sensitive data", "harvested from", "online storage account" / "sensitive data", "harvested from", "database" / "adversary", "use", "Cloud API" / "adversary", "use", "other method" |
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