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The dataset generation failed
Error code:   DatasetGenerationError
Exception:    CastError
Message:      Couldn't cast
lang: string
qtype: string
split: string
chunks: list<item: struct<chunk_id: string, text: string>>
  child 0, item: struct<chunk_id: string, text: string>
      child 0, chunk_id: string
      child 1, text: string
question: string
gold_answer: string
gold_status: string
gold_source_id: string
id: string
chunk_id: string
doc_id: string
text: string
to
{'chunk_id': Value('string'), 'doc_id': Value('string'), 'text': Value('string')}
because column names don't match
Traceback:    Traceback (most recent call last):
                File "/usr/local/lib/python3.14/site-packages/datasets/builder.py", line 1835, in _prepare_split_single
                  for key, table in generator:
                                    ^^^^^^^^^
                File "/src/services/worker/src/worker/job_runners/config/parquet_and_info.py", line 621, in wrapped
                  for item in generator(*args, **kwargs):
                              ~~~~~~~~~^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
                File "/usr/local/lib/python3.14/site-packages/datasets/packaged_modules/json/json.py", line 361, in _generate_tables
                  self._cast_table(pa_table, json_field_paths=json_field_paths),
                  ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
                File "/usr/local/lib/python3.14/site-packages/datasets/packaged_modules/json/json.py", line 132, in _cast_table
                  pa_table = table_cast(pa_table, self.info.features.arrow_schema)
                File "/usr/local/lib/python3.14/site-packages/datasets/table.py", line 2381, in table_cast
                  return cast_table_to_schema(table, schema)
                File "/usr/local/lib/python3.14/site-packages/datasets/table.py", line 2309, in cast_table_to_schema
                  raise CastError(
                  ...<3 lines>...
                  )
              datasets.table.CastError: Couldn't cast
              lang: string
              qtype: string
              split: string
              chunks: list<item: struct<chunk_id: string, text: string>>
                child 0, item: struct<chunk_id: string, text: string>
                    child 0, chunk_id: string
                    child 1, text: string
              question: string
              gold_answer: string
              gold_status: string
              gold_source_id: string
              id: string
              chunk_id: string
              doc_id: string
              text: string
              to
              {'chunk_id': Value('string'), 'doc_id': Value('string'), 'text': Value('string')}
              because column names don't match
              
              The above exception was the direct cause of the following exception:
              
              Traceback (most recent call last):
                File "/src/services/worker/src/worker/job_runners/config/parquet_and_info.py", line 1379, in compute_config_parquet_and_info_response
                  parquet_operations, partial, estimated_dataset_info = stream_convert_to_parquet(
                                                                        ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~^
                      builder, max_dataset_size_bytes=max_dataset_size_bytes
                      ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
                  )
                  ^
                File "/src/services/worker/src/worker/job_runners/config/parquet_and_info.py", line 956, in stream_convert_to_parquet
                  builder._prepare_split(split_generator=splits_generators[split], file_format="parquet")
                  ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
                File "/usr/local/lib/python3.14/site-packages/datasets/builder.py", line 1702, in _prepare_split
                  for job_id, done, content in self._prepare_split_single(
                                               ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~^
                      gen_kwargs=gen_kwargs, job_id=job_id, **_prepare_split_args
                      ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
                  ):
                  ^
                File "/usr/local/lib/python3.14/site-packages/datasets/builder.py", line 1887, in _prepare_split_single
                  raise DatasetGenerationError("An error occurred while generating the dataset") from e
              datasets.exceptions.DatasetGenerationError: An error occurred while generating the dataset

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chunk_id
string
doc_id
string
text
string
Constitution_of_India_English_c0
Constitution_of_India_English
भारत का संविधान [10 सितम्बर, 2026 को यथाविद्यमान] THE CONSTITUTION OF INDIA [As on 10th September, 2026] 2026 भारत सरकार विधि और न्याय मंत्रालय वििायी विभाग GOVERNMENT OF INDIA MINISTRY OF LAW AND JUSTICE LEGISLATIVE DEPARTMENT PREFACE This is the sixth pocket size edition of the Constitution of India in the diglot for...
Constitution_of_India_English_c1
Constitution_of_India_English
2. Admission or establishment of new States. [2A. Sikkim to be associated with the Union.—Omitted.] 3. Formation of new States and alteration of areas, boundaries or names of existing States. 4. Laws made under articles 2 and 3 to provide for the amendment of the First and the Fourth Schedules and supplemental, inciden...
Constitution_of_India_English_c2
Constitution_of_India_English
Religion 25. Freedom of conscience and free profession, practice and propagation of religion. 26. Freedom to manage religious affairs. 27. Freedom as to payment of taxes for promotion of any particular religion. 28. Freedom as to attendance at religious instruction or religious worship in certain educational institutio...
Constitution_of_India_English_c3
Constitution_of_India_English
in certain cases. 42. Provision for just and humane conditions of work and maternity relief. 43. Living wage, etc., for workers. 43A. Participation of workers in management of Industries. 43B. Promotion of co-operative societies. 44. Uniform civil code for the citizens. 45. Provision for early childhood care and educat...
Constitution_of_India_English_c4
Constitution_of_India_English
Vice-President to act as President or to discharge his functions during casual vacancies in the office, or during the absence, of President. 66. Election of Vice-President. 67. Term of office of Vice-President. 68. Time of holding election to fill vacancy in the office of Vice-President and the term of office of person...
Constitution_of_India_English_c8
Constitution_of_India_English
Governor in certain contingencies. 161. Power of Governor to grant pardons, etc., and to suspend, remit or commute sentences in certain cases. 162. Extent of executive power of State. Council of Ministers 163. Council of Ministers to aid and advise Governor. 164. Other provisions as to Ministers. The Advocate-General f...
Constitution_of_India_English_c9
Constitution_of_India_English
and removal from, the offices of Chairman and Deputy Chairman. 184. Power of the Deputy Chairman or other person to perform the duties of the office of, or to act as, Chairman. 185. The Chairman or the Deputy Chairman not to preside while a resolution for his removal from office is under consideration. 186. Salaries an...
Constitution_of_India_English_c10
Constitution_of_India_English
Bills. Procedure Generally 208. Rules of procedure. 209. Regulation by law of procedure in the Legislature of the State in relation to financial business. (xiii) ARTICLES Contents 210. Language to be used in the Legislature. 211. Restriction on discussion in the Legislature. 212. Courts not to inquire into proceedings ...
Constitution_of_India_English_c11
Constitution_of_India_English
Courts to Union territories. 231. Establishment of a common High Court for two or more States. [232. Articles 230, 231 and 232 substituted by articles 230 and 231]. CHAPTER VI.⎯SUBORDINATE COURTS 233. Appointment of district judges. 233A. Validation of appointments of, and judgments, etc., delivered by, certain distric...
Constitution_of_India_English_c15
Constitution_of_India_English
Tax Council. 280. Finance Commission. 281. Recommendations of the Finance Commission. Miscellaneous Financial Provisions 282. Expenditure defrayable by the Union or a State out of its revenues. 283. Custody, etc., of Consolidated Funds, Contingency Funds and moneys credited to the public accounts. 284. Custody of suito...
Constitution_of_India_English_c16
Constitution_of_India_English
301. Freedom of trade, commerce and intercourse. 302. Power of Parliament to impose restrictions on trade, commerce 303. and intercourse. Restrictions on the legislative powers of the Union and of the States with regard to trade and commerce. 304. Restrictions on trade, commerce and intercourse among States. 305. Savin...
Constitution_of_India_English_c17
Constitution_of_India_English
Service Commissions. 321. Power to extend functions of Public Service Commissions. 322. Expenses of Public Service Commissions. 323. Reports of Public Service Commissions. PART XIVA TRIBUNALS 323A. Administrative tribunals. 323B. Tribunals for other matters. (xxii) ARTICLES Contents PART XV ELECTIONS 324. Superintenden...
Constitution_of_India_English_c18
Constitution_of_India_English
cease after certain period. Reservation of seats for women take effect. 335. Claims of Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes to services and posts. (xxiii) ARTICLES Contents 336. Special provision for Anglo-Indian community in certain services. 337. Special provision with respect to educational grants for the benefit o...
Constitution_of_India_English_c22
Constitution_of_India_English
the Deputy Chairman of the Legislative Council of a State. PART D— Provisions as to the Judges of the Supreme Court and of the High Courts. PART E— Provisions as to the Comptroller and Auditor-General of India. THIRD SCHEDULE— Forms of Oaths or Affirmations. (xxviii) ARTICLES Contents FOURTH SCHEDULE—Allocation of seat...
Constitution_of_India_English_c23
Constitution_of_India_English
OUR CONSTITUENT ASSEMBLY this twenty-sixth day of November, 1949, do HEREBY ADOPT, ENACT AND GIVE TO OURSELVES THIS CONSTITUTION. 1. Subs. by the Constitution (Forty-second Amendment) Act, 1976, s.2, for “SOVEREIGN DEMOCRATIC REPUBLIC” (w.e.f. 3-1-1977). 2. Subs. by s. 2, ibid., for “Unity of the Nation” (w.e.f. 3-1-19...
Constitution_of_India_English_c24
Constitution_of_India_English
2. Subs. by s. 2, ibid., for sub-clause (b) (w.e.f. 1-11-1956). 3. Ins. by the Constitution (Thirty-fifth Amendment) Act, 1974, s. 2 (w.e.f. 1-3-1975). 2 3 THE CONSTITUTION OF INDIA (Part I.—Union and its territory) 1[Provided that no Bill for the purpose shall be introduced in either House of Parliament except on the ...
Constitution_of_India_English_c25
Constitution_of_India_English
consequential provisions (including provisions as to representation in Parliament and in the Legislature or Legislatures of the State or States affected by such law) as Parliament may deem necessary. (2) No such law as aforesaid shall be deemed to be an amendment of this Constitution for the purposes of article 368. 1....
Constitution_of_India_English_c29
Constitution_of_India_English
in particular areas. 1[(4) Nothing in this article shall apply to any amendment of this Constitution made under article 368.] Right to Equality 14. Equality before law.—The State shall not deny to any person equality before the law or the equal protection of the laws within the territory of India. 15. Prohibition of di...
Constitution_of_India_English_c30
Constitution_of_India_English
shall prevent the State from making any special provision, by law, for the advancement of any socially and educationally backward classes of citizens or for the Scheduled Castes or the Scheduled Tribes in so far as such special provisions relate to their admission to educational institutions including private education...
Constitution_of_India_English_c31
Constitution_of_India_English
OF INDIA (Part III.—Fundamental Rights) Explanation.—For the purposes of this article and article 16, “economically weaker sections” shall be such as may be notified by the State from time to time on the basis of family income and other indicators of economic disadvantage.] 16. Equality of opportunity in matters of pub...
Constitution_of_India_English_c32
Constitution_of_India_English
Tribes which, in the opinion of the State, are not adequately represented in the services under the State.] 4[(4B) Nothing in this article shall prevent the State from considering any unfilled vacancies of a year which are reserved for being filled up in that year in accordance with any provision for reservation made u...
Constitution_of_India_English_c36
Constitution_of_India_English
controlled by the State, of any trade, business, industry or service, whether to the exclusion, complete or partial, of citizens or otherwise.] 20. Protection in respect of conviction for offences.—(1) No person shall be convicted of any offence except for violation of a law in force at the time of the commission of th...
Constitution_of_India_English_c37
Constitution_of_India_English
INDIA (Part III.—Fundamental Rights) (2) Every person who is arrested and detained in custody shall be produced before the nearest magistrate within a period of twenty-four hours of such arrest excluding the time necessary for the journey from the place of arrest to the court of the magistrate and no such person shall ...
Constitution_of_India_English_c38
Constitution_of_India_English
that an Advisory Board shall consist of a Chairman and not less than two other members, and the Chairman shall be a serving Judge of the appropriate High Court and the other members shall be serving or retired Judges of any High Court: Provided further that nothing in this clause shall authorise the detention of any pe...
Constitution_of_India_English_c39
Constitution_of_India_English
any law made by Parliament under sub-clauses (a) and (b) of clause (7). (5) When any person is detained in pursuance of an order made under any law providing for preventive detention, the authority making the order shall, as soon as may be, communicate to such person the grounds on which the order has been made and sha...
Constitution_of_India_English_c43
Constitution_of_India_English
minority, whether based on religion or language. 2* * * * 31. [Compulsory acquisition of property.].—Omitted by the Constitution (Forty-fourth Amendment) Act, 1978, s. 6 (w.e.f. 20-6-1979). 3[Saving of Certain Laws] 4[31A. Saving of laws providing for acquisition of estates, etc.— 5[(1) Notwithstanding anything contain...
Constitution_of_India_English_c44
Constitution_of_India_English
licence for the purpose of searching for, or winning, any mineral or mineral oil, or the premature termination or cancellation of any such agreement, lease or licence, shall be deemed to be void on the ground that it is inconsistent with, or takes away or abridges any of the rights conferred by 1[article 14 or article ...
Constitution_of_India_English_c45
Constitution_of_India_English
the States of 4[Tamil Nadu] and 5[Keralam], any janmam right; (ii) any land held under ryotwari settlement; (iii) any land held or let for purposes of agriculture or for purposes ancillary thereto, including waste land, forest land, land for pasture or sites of buildings and other structures occupied by cultivators of ...
Constitution_of_India_English_c46
Constitution_of_India_English
and notwithstanding any judgment, decree or order of any court or Tribunal to the contrary, each of the said Acts and Regulations shall, subject to the power of any competent Legislature to repeal or amend it, continue in force.] 3[31C. Saving of laws giving effect to certain directive principles.— Notwithstanding anyt...
Constitution_of_India_English_c50
Constitution_of_India_English
by any court, but the principles therein laid down are nevertheless fundamental in the governance of the country and it shall be the duty of the State to apply these principles in making laws. 38. State to secure a social order for the promotion of welfare of the people.—1[(1)] The State shall strive to promote the wel...
Constitution_of_India_English_c51
Constitution_of_India_English
unsuited to their age or strength; 1. Art. 38 renumbered as cl. (1) by the Constitution (Forty-fourth Amendment) Act, 1978, s. 9 (w.e.f. 20-6-1979). 2. Ins. by s. 9, ibid. (w.e.f. 20-6-1979). 21 22 THE CONSTITUTION OF INDIA (Part IV.— Directive Principles of State Policy) 1[(f) that children are given opportunities and...
Constitution_of_India_English_c52
Constitution_of_India_English
relief. 43. Living wage, etc., for workers.—The State shall endeavour to secure, by suitable legislation or economic organisation or in any other way, to all workers, agricultural, industrial or otherwise, work, a living wage, conditions of work ensuring a decent standard of life and full enjoyment of leisure and socia...
Constitution_of_India_English_c53
Constitution_of_India_English
care the educational and economic interests of the weaker sections of the people, and, in particular, of the Scheduled Castes and the Scheduled Tribes, and shall protect them from social injustice and all forms of exploitation. 47. Duty of the State to raise the level of nutrition and the standard of living and to impr...
Constitution_of_India_English_c57
Constitution_of_India_English
then the vote of each member referred to in sub-clause (a) shall be further increased by one; (c) each elected member of either House of Parliament shall have such number of votes as may be obtained by dividing the total number of votes assigned to the members of the Legislative Assemblies of the States under sub-claus...
Constitution_of_India_English_c58
Constitution_of_India_English
notwithstanding the expiration of his term, continue to hold office until his successor enters upon his office. (2) Any resignation addressed to the Vice-President under clause (a) of the proviso to clause (1) shall forthwith be communicated by him to the Speaker of the House of the People. 1. Subs. by the Constitution...
Constitution_of_India_English_c59
Constitution_of_India_English
Conditions of President's office.—(1) The President shall not be a member of either House of Parliament or of a House of the Legislature of any State, and if a member of either House of Parliament or of a House of the Legislature of any State be elected President, he shall be deemed to have vacated his seat in that Hou...
Constitution_of_India_English_c60
Constitution_of_India_English
will faithfully execute the office solemnly affirm of President (or discharge the functions of the President) of India and will to the best of my ability preserve, protect and defend the Constitution and the law and that I will devote myself to the service and well-being of the people of India.". 61. Procedure for impe...
Constitution_of_India_English_c64
Constitution_of_India_English
upon his office: Provided that— (a) a Vice-President may, by writing under his hand addressed to the President, resign his office; (b) a Vice-President may be removed from his office by a resolution of the Council of States passed by a majority of all the then members of the Council and agreed to by the House of the Pe...
Constitution_of_India_English_c65
Constitution_of_India_English
(Part V.—The Union) President, or some person appointed in that behalf by him, an oath or affirmation in the following form, that is to say— "I, A.B., do swear in the name of God that I will bear true faith and solemnly affirm allegiance to the Constitution of India as by law established and that I will faithfully disc...
Constitution_of_India_English_c66
Constitution_of_India_English
ground of the existence of any vacancy for whatever reason among the members of the electoral college electing him.] 72. Power of President to grant pardons, etc., and to suspend, remit or commute sentences in certain cases.—(1) The President shall have the power to grant pardons, reprieves, respites or remissions of p...
Constitution_of_India_English_c67
Constitution_of_India_English
with respect to which Parliament has power to make laws; and (b) to the exercise of such rights, authority and jurisdiction as are exercisable by the Government of India by virtue of any treaty or agreement: Provided that the executive power referred to in sub-clause (a) shall not, save as expressly provided in this Co...
Constitution_of_India_English_c71
Constitution_of_India_English
furnish such information relating to the administration of the affairs of the Union and proposals for legislation as the President may call for; and (c) if the President so requires, to submit for the consideration of the Council of Ministers any matter on which a decision has been taken by a Minister but which has not...
Constitution_of_India_English_c72
Constitution_of_India_English
by the Constitution (Thirty-sixth Amendment) Act, 1975, s. 5 (w.e.f. 26-4-1975). 3. Added by the Constitution (Seventh Amendment) Act, 1956, s. 3 (w.e.f. 1-11-1956). 37 THE CONSTITUTION OF INDIA (Part V.—The Union) (4) The representatives of each State 1*** in the Council of States shall be elected by the elected membe...
Constitution_of_India_English_c73
Constitution_of_India_English
sub-clause (a) of this clause shall not be applicable for the purpose of allotment of seats in the House of the People to any State so long as the population of that State does not exceed six millions.] 1. The words and letters “specified in Part A or Part B of the First Schedule” omitted by the Constitution (Seventh A...
Constitution_of_India_English_c74
Constitution_of_India_English
construed,— (i) for the purposes of sub-clause (a) of clause (2) and the proviso to that clause, as a reference to the 1971 census; and (ii) for the purposes of sub-clause (b) of clause (2) as a reference to the 4[2001] census.]] 82. Readjustment after each census.—Upon the completion of each census, the allocation of ...
Constitution_of_India_English_c78
Constitution_of_India_English
89. The Chairman and Deputy Chairman of the Council of States.—(1) The Vice- President of India shall be ex officio Chairman of the Council of States. (2) The Council of States shall, as soon as may be, choose a member of the Council to be Deputy Chairman thereof and, so often as the office of Deputy Chairman becomes v...
Constitution_of_India_English_c79
Constitution_of_India_English
appoint for the purpose. (2) During the absence of the Chairman from any sitting of the Council of States the Deputy Chairman, or, if he is also absent, such person as may be determined by the rules of procedure of the Council, or, if no such person is present, such other person as may be determined by the Council, sha...
Constitution_of_India_English_c80
Constitution_of_India_English
the People.— The House of the People shall, as soon as may be, choose two members of the House to be respectively Speaker and Deputy Speaker thereof and, so often as the office of Speaker or Deputy Speaker becomes vacant, the House shall choose another member to be Speaker or Deputy Speaker, as the case may be. 94. Vac...
Constitution_of_India_English_c81
Constitution_of_India_English
the duties of the office shall be performed by the Deputy Speaker or, if the office of Deputy Speaker is also vacant, by such member of the House of the People as the President may appoint for the purpose. (2) During the absence of the Speaker from any sitting of the House of the People the Deputy Speaker or, if he is ...
Constitution_of_India_English_c85
Constitution_of_India_English
that in the case of any resignation referred to in sub-clause (b), if from information received or otherwise and after making such inquiry as he thinks fit, the Chairman or the Speaker, as the case may be, is satisfied that such resignation is not voluntary or genuine, he shall not accept such resignation.] (4) If for ...
Constitution_of_India_English_c86
Constitution_of_India_English
either House of Parliament— 1[(a) if he holds any office of profit under the Government of India or the Government of any State, other than an office declared by Parliament by law not to disqualify its holder;] (b) if he is of unsound mind and stands so declared by a competent court; (c) if he is an undischarged insolv...
Constitution_of_India_English_c87
Constitution_of_India_English
Government of any State as is declared by Parliament by law to disqualify its holder” (date not notified). This amendment was omitted by the Constitution (Forty-fourth Amendment) Act, 1978, s. 45 (w.e.f. 20-6-1979). 2. Subs. by the Constitution (Fifty-second Amendment) Act, 1985, s. 3, for “(2) for the purposes of this...
Constitution_of_India_English_c88
Constitution_of_India_English
the members and committees thereof.—(1) Subject to the provisions of this Constitution and to the rules and standing orders regulating the procedure of Parliament, there shall be freedom of speech in Parliament. (2) No member of Parliament shall be liable to any proceedings in any court in respect of anything said or a...
Constitution_of_India_English_c92
Constitution_of_India_English
CONSTITUTION OF INDIA (Part V.—The Union) (2) After a Money Bill has been passed by the House of the People it shall be transmitted to the Council of States for its recommendations and the Council of States shall within a period of fourteen days from the date of its receipt of the Bill return the Bill to the House of t...
Constitution_of_India_English_c93
Constitution_of_India_English
the People. 110. Definition of “Money Bills”.—(1) For the purposes of this Chapter, a Bill shall be deemed to be a Money Bill if it contains only provisions dealing with all or any of the following matters, namely:— (a) the imposition, abolition, remission, alteration or regulation of any tax; (b) the regulation of the...
Constitution_of_India_English_c94
Constitution_of_India_English
rendered, or by reason that it provides for the imposition, abolition, remission, alteration or regulation of any tax by any local authority or body for local purposes. (3) If any question arises whether a Bill is a Money Bill or not, the decision of the Speaker of the House of the People thereon shall be final. (4) Th...
Constitution_of_India_English_c95
Constitution_of_India_English
Matters 112. Annual financial statement.—(1) The President shall in respect of every financial year cause to be laid before both the Houses of Parliament a statement of the estimated receipts and expenditure of the Government of India for that year, in this Part referred to as the "annual financial statement''. (2) The...
Constitution_of_India_English_c99
Constitution_of_India_English
the law in accordance with the provisions of article 114 in relation to that expenditure; (b) to make a grant for meeting an unexpected demand upon the resources of India when on account of the magnitude or the indefinite character of the service the demand cannot be stated with the details ordinarily given in an annua...
Constitution_of_India_English_c100
Constitution_of_India_English
for the reduction or abolition of any tax. 55 THE CONSTITUTION OF INDIA (Part V.—The Union) (2) A Bill or amendment shall not be deemed to make provision for any of the matters aforesaid by reason only that it provides for the imposition of fines or other pecuniary penalties, or for the demand or payment of fees for li...
Constitution_of_India_English_c101
Constitution_of_India_English
as to the procedure with respect to joint sittings of, and communications between, the two Houses. (4) At a joint sitting of the two Houses the Speaker of the House of the People, or in his absence such person as may be determined by rules of procedure made under clause (3), shall preside. 119. Regulation by law of pro...
Constitution_of_India_English_c102
Constitution_of_India_English
or Speaker of the House of the People, or person acting as such, as the case may be, may permit any member who cannot adequately express himself in Hindi or in English to address the House in his mother-tongue. (2) Unless Parliament by law otherwise provides, this article shall, after the expiration of a period of fift...
Constitution_of_India_English_c106
Constitution_of_India_English
the members of that House present and voting has been presented to the President in the same session for such removal on the ground of proved misbehaviour or incapacity. (5) Parliament may by law regulate the procedure for the presentation of an address and for the investigation and proof of the misbehaviour or incapac...
Constitution_of_India_English_c107
Constitution_of_India_English
(c) the Union Minister in charge of Law and Justice––Member, ex officio; (d) two eminent persons to be nominated by the committee consisting of the Prime Minister, the Chief Justice of India and the Leader of Opposition in the House of the People or where there is no such Leader of Opposition, then, the Leader of singl...
Constitution_of_India_English_c108
Constitution_of_India_English
High Courts and empower the Commission to lay down by regulations the procedure for the discharge of its functions, the manner of selection of persons for appointment and such other matters as may be considered necessary by it.] 125. Salaries, etc., of Judges.— 1[(1) There shall be paid to the Judges of the Supreme Cou...
Constitution_of_India_English_c109
Constitution_of_India_English
If at any time there should not be a quorum of the Judges of the Supreme Court available to hold or continue any session of the Court, 1[the National Judicial Appointments Commission on a reference made to it by the Chief Justice of India, may with the previous consent of the President] and after consultation with the ...
Constitution_of_India_English_c113
Constitution_of_India_English
of the grounds in such appeal that a substantial question of law as to the interpretation of this Constitution has been wrongly decided. (3) Notwithstanding anything in this article, no appeal shall, unless Parliament by law otherwise provides, lie to the Supreme Court from the judgment, decree or final order of one Ju...
Constitution_of_India_English_c114
Constitution_of_India_English
lie subject to such provisions as may be made in that behalf under clause (1) of article 145 and to such conditions as the High Court may establish or require. (2) Parliament may by law confer on the Supreme Court any further powers to entertain and hear appeals from any judgment, final order or sentence in a criminal ...
Constitution_of_India_English_c115
Constitution_of_India_English
provisions of article 133 or article 134 do not apply if jurisdiction and powers in relation to that matter were exercisable by the Federal Court immediately before the commencement of this Constitution under any existing law. 136. Special leave to appeal by the Supreme Court.—(1) Notwithstanding anything in this Chapt...
Constitution_of_India_English_c116
Constitution_of_India_English
of such jurisdiction and powers by the Supreme Court. 139. Conferment on the Supreme Court of powers to issue certain writs.—Parliament may by law confer on the Supreme Court power to issue directions, orders or writs, including writs in the nature of habeas corpus, mandamus, prohibition, quo warranto and certiorari, o...
Constitution_of_India_English_c120
Constitution_of_India_English
frivolous or vexatious or brought for the purpose of delay; (j) rules as to the procedure for inquiries referred to in clause (1) of article 317. (2) Subject to the 3[provisions of 4*** clause (3)], rules made under this article may fix the minimum number of Judges who are to sit for any purpose, and may provide for th...
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necessary for the disposal of the appeal, such Court shall refer the question for opinion to a Court constituted as required by this clause for the purpose of deciding any case involving such a question and shall on receipt of the opinion dispose of the appeal in conformity with such opinion. (4) No judgment shall be d...
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made by the Chief Justice of India or by some other Judge or officer of the Court authorised by the Chief Justice of India to make rules for the purpose: Provided that the rules made under this clause shall, so far as they relate to salaries, allowances, leave or pensions, require the approval of the President. (3) The...
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and Auditor-General of India shall, before he enters upon his office, make and subscribe before the President, or some person appointed in that behalf by him, an oath or affirmation according to the form set out for the purpose in the Third Schedule. (3) The salary and other conditions of service of the Comptroller and...
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Constitution_of_India_English
more States, the emoluments and allowances payable to the Governor shall be allocated among the States in such proportion as the President may by order determine.] (4) The emoluments and allowances of the Governor shall not be diminished during his term of office. 159. Oath or affirmation by the Governor.—Every Governo...
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in certain cases.—The Governor of a State shall have the power to grant pardons, reprieves, respites or remissions of punishment or to suspend, remit or commute the sentence of any person convicted of any offence against any law relating to a matter to which the executive power of the State extends. 162. Extent of exec...
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called in question on the ground that he ought or ought not to have acted in his discretion. (3) The question whether any, and if so what, advice was tendered by Ministers to the Governor shall not be inquired into in any court. 164. Other provisions as to Ministers.—(1) The Chief Minister shall be appointed by the Gov...
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provisions of this clause within six months from such date4 as the President may by public notification appoint. (1B) A member of the Legislative Assembly of a State or either House of the Legislature of a State having Legislative Council belonging to any political party who is disqualified for being a member of that H...
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House, it shall be known as the Legislative Assembly. 169. Abolition or creation of Legislative Councils in States.—(1) Notwithstanding anything in article 168, Parliament may by law provide for the abolition of the Legislative Council of a State having such a Council or for the creation of such a Council in a State ha...
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ins. by the Tamil Nadu Legislative Council Act, 2010 (16 of 2010), s. 3 (date to be notified). 2. Subs. by the Andhra Pradesh Reorganisation Act, 2014 (6 of 2014), s. 96, for “Tamil Nadu” (w.e.f. 1-6-2014). 3. Subs. by the West Bengal Legislative Council (Abolition) Act, 1969 (20 of 1969), s. 4 for “Uttar Pradesh and W...
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before such readjustment: Provided also that until the relevant figures for the first census taken after the year 2[2026] have been published, it shall not be necessary to 5[readjust— (i) the total number of seats in the Legislative Assembly of each State as readjusted on the basis of the 1971 census; and (ii) the divi...
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Constitution_of_India_English
as provided in clause (3). (3) Of the total number of members of the Legislative Council of a State— (a) as nearly as may be, one-third shall be elected by electorates consisting of members of municipalities, district boards and such other local authorities in the State as Parliament may by law specify; (b) as nearly a...
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Constitution_of_India_English
Minister and the Advocate-General for a State shall have the right to speak in, and otherwise to take part in the proceedings of, the Legislative Assembly of the State or, in the case of a State having a Legislative Council, both Houses, and to speak in, and otherwise to take part in the proceedings of, any committee o...
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clause (c) shall be moved unless at least fourteen days' notice has been given of the intention to move the resolution: Provided further that, whenever the Assembly is dissolved, the Speaker shall not vacate his office until immediately before the first meeting of the Assembly after the dissolution. 180. Power of the D...
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Constitution_of_India_English
apply in relation to every such sitting as they apply in relation to a sitting from which the Speaker or, as the case may be, the Deputy Speaker, is absent. (2) The Speaker shall have the right to speak in, and otherwise to take part in the proceedings of, the Legislative Assembly while any resolution for his removal f...
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the Council passed by a majority of all the then members of the Council: Provided that no resolution for the purpose of clause (c) shall be moved unless at least fourteen days' notice has been given of the intention to move the resolution. 184. Power of the Deputy Chairman or other person to perform the duties of the o...
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a person is chosen a member of the Legislatures of two or more such States, then, at the expiration of such period as may be specified in rules1 made by the President, that person's seat in the Legislatures of all such States shall become vacant, unless he has previously resigned his seat in the Legislatures of all but...
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Constitution_of_India_English
days. 1. See the Prohibition of Simultaneous Membership Rules, 1950 published by the Ministry of Law Notifn number F. 46/50-C, dated the 26th January, 1950, Gazette of India, Extraordinary, p. 678. 2. Subs. by the Constitution (Fifty-second Amendment) Act, 1985, s. 4, for “clause (1) of article 191” (w.e.f. 1-3-1985). ...
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for the Union or for such State. 3[(2) A person shall be disqualified for being a member of the Legislative Assembly or Legislative Council of a State if he is so disqualified under the Tenth Schedule.] 4[192. Decision on questions as to disqualifications of members.—(1) If any question arises as to whether a member of...
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Constitution_of_India_English
Penalty for sitting and voting before making oath or affirmation under article 188 or when not qualified or when disqualified.—If a person sits or votes as a member of the Legislative Assembly or the Legislative Council of a State before he has complied with the requirements of article 188, or when he knows that he is ...
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Constitution_of_India_English
passed by the Council with amendments to which the Legislative Assembly does not agree; the Bill shall be deemed to have been passed by the Houses of the Legislature of the State in the form in which it was passed by the Legislative Assembly for the second time with such amendments, if any, as have been made or suggest...
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form in which it was passed by the Legislative Assembly without any of the amendments recommended by the Legislative Council. (5) If a Money Bill passed by the Legislative Assembly and transmitted to the Legislative Council for its recommendations is not returned to the Legislative Assembly within the said period of fo...
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issue of such money; or (g) any matter incidental to any of the matters specified in sub-clauses (a) to (f). (2) A Bill shall not be deemed to be a Money Bill by reason only that it provides for the imposition of fines or other pecuniary penalties, or for the demand or payment of fees for licences or fees for services ...
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the consideration of the President: Provided that the Governor may, as soon as possible after the presentation to him of the Bill for assent, return the Bill if it is not a Money Bill together with a message requesting that the House or Houses will reconsider the Bill or any specified provisions thereof and, in particu...
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the amount granted for that service and for that year, cause to be laid before the House or the Houses of the Legislature of the State another statement showing the estimated amount of that expenditure or cause to be presented to the Legislative Assembly of the State a demand for such excess, as the case may be. (2) Th...
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Constitution_of_India_English
the State when on account of the magnitude or the indefinite character of the service the demand cannot be stated with the details ordinarily given in an annual financial statement; (c) to make an exceptional grant which forms no part of the current service of any financial year, and the Legislature of the State shall ...
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Constitution_of_India_English
be deemed to make provision for any of the matters aforesaid by reason only that it provides for the imposition of fines or other pecuniary penalties, or for the demand or payment of fees for licences or fees for services rendered, or by reason that it provides for the imposition, abolition, remission, alteration or re...
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Constitution_of_India_English
by the Constitution (Forty-second Amendment) Act, 1976, s. 35 (date not notified). This amendment was omitted by the Constitution (Forty-fourth Amendment) Act, 1978, s. 45 (w.e.f. 20-6-1979). 96 THE CONSTITUTION OF INDIA (Part VI.—The States) the Legislative Council, may make rules as to the procedure with respect to c...
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assented to by the Governor, it shall be void: Provided that, for the purposes of the provisions of this Constitution relating to the effect of an Act of the Legislature of a State which is repugnant to an Act of Parliament or an existing law with respect to a matter enumerated in the Concurrent List, an Ordinance prom...
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Constitution_of_India_English
by the President by warrant under his hand and seal 4[on the recommendation of the National Judicial Appointments Commission referred to in article 124A], and the Governor of the State, and, in the case of appointment of a Judge other than the Chief Justice, the Chief Justice of the High Court, 5[shall hold office, in ...
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Constitution_of_India_English
the age of sixty years” (w.e.f. 1-11-1956). 6. Subs. by the Constitution (Fifteenth Amendment) Act, 1963, s. 4, for “sixty years” (w.e.f. 5-10-1963). 100 THE CONSTITUTION OF INDIA (Part VI.—The States) manner provided in clause (4) of article 124 for the removal of a Judge of the Supreme Court; (c) the office of a Judg...
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