Datasets:

divinity-library
/

03-open-theology-ocr

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train/10.1515_opth-2025-0056.pdf	1	Relational Ontologies: Who Needs Them? https://doi.org/10.1515/opth-2025-0056 Received May 2, 2025; accepted June 20, 2025; published online June 29, 2026 Abstract: All humans are mortal, created, contingent beings. None of us can sustain our own existence after physical death, hence we must look elsewhere for eterna...	[{"model_id": "zai-org/GLM-OCR", "model_name": "GLM-OCR", "column_name": "markdown", "timestamp": "2026-10-21T22:39:32.018783", "task": "ocr", "temperature": 0.01, "top_p": 1e-05, "repetition_penalty": 1.1, "max_tokens": 8192}]
train/10.1515_opth-2025-0056.pdf	2	be prior to other entities$^1$ – indeed relational accounts of the Trinity are considered quite plausible by contemporary theologians from different traditions such as John Zizioulas,$^2$ Thomas McCall,$^3$ Paul Fiddes$^4$ and Gerald Bray.$^5$ We may also find a theological (and metaphysical) account of relations in th...	[{"model_id": "zai-org/GLM-OCR", "model_name": "GLM-OCR", "column_name": "markdown", "timestamp": "2026-10-21T22:39:32.018783", "task": "ocr", "temperature": 0.01, "top_p": 1e-05, "repetition_penalty": 1.1, "max_tokens": 8192}]
train/10.1515_opth-2025-0056.pdf	3	2.2 Metaphysical Attributes of Humans Unlike God, humans are created, contingent beings. In our physical form, at least, we are mortal beings: “For you are dust, and to dust you shall return”.$^{10}$ Christian philosophers commonly advocate for a substance-dualism view of human nature – Matthew Owen provides an extens...	[{"model_id": "zai-org/GLM-OCR", "model_name": "GLM-OCR", "column_name": "markdown", "timestamp": "2026-10-21T22:39:32.018783", "task": "ocr", "temperature": 0.01, "top_p": 1e-05, "repetition_penalty": 1.1, "max_tokens": 8192}]
train/10.1515_opth-2025-0056.pdf	4	being for continuation of a meaningful existence. Minimally one would expect this to include the ability to communicate with other beings and to be able to experience emotions, ideally ones of joy and happiness as perhaps might be the case in an intermediate state. On both views, therefore, humans must depend on a nece...	[{"model_id": "zai-org/GLM-OCR", "model_name": "GLM-OCR", "column_name": "markdown", "timestamp": "2026-10-21T22:39:32.018783", "task": "ocr", "temperature": 0.01, "top_p": 1e-05, "repetition_penalty": 1.1, "max_tokens": 8192}]
train/10.1515_opth-2025-0056.pdf	5	similarity is internal: two objects $a$ and $b$ … [are] similar because they both are, for instance, red.”29 Conversely, an external relation is one that holds “without depending on or being necessitated by any non-relational property”30 of its relata. An example of a relation considered to be external is distance – if...	[{"model_id": "zai-org/GLM-OCR", "model_name": "GLM-OCR", "column_name": "markdown", "timestamp": "2026-10-21T22:39:32.018783", "task": "ocr", "temperature": 0.01, "top_p": 1e-05, "repetition_penalty": 1.1, "max_tokens": 8192}]
train/10.1515_opth-2025-0056.pdf	6	those things. Thus if the ‘related’ things exist then you get the relations as well – they are an ‘ontological free lunch’. Reductionists include Lowe, Heil and Simons. While the case for reductionism seems plausible, it faces challenges – a relation such as ‘married to’ does not supervene on the persons involved, sinc...	[{"model_id": "zai-org/GLM-OCR", "model_name": "GLM-OCR", "column_name": "markdown", "timestamp": "2026-10-21T22:39:32.018783", "task": "ocr", "temperature": 0.01, "top_p": 1e-05, "repetition_penalty": 1.1, "max_tokens": 8192}]
train/10.1515_opth-2025-0056.pdf	7	d both because it is particular to the relation between $a$ and $b$ and because it is not transferable. But if $r_1$ exists (i.e. the trope belonging to $a$) then $b$ and $ar_1b$ must also exist and so the existence of $r_1$ accounts for the relation between $a$ and $b$ without the need for any other relation to join t...	[{"model_id": "zai-org/GLM-OCR", "model_name": "GLM-OCR", "column_name": "markdown", "timestamp": "2026-10-21T22:39:32.018783", "task": "ocr", "temperature": 0.01, "top_p": 1e-05, "repetition_penalty": 1.1, "max_tokens": 8192}]
train/10.1515_opth-2025-0056.pdf	8	Yannaras takes substance (οὐσία) to be a relational concept – it is the ‘how’ of existence as opposed to an essentialist view, which is the ‘what’ of existence. However, for particular things to exist, we require an additional ontological category, that of the ‘activities (ἐνέργεια)’ or energies. A mode of existence (...	[{"model_id": "zai-org/GLM-OCR", "model_name": "GLM-OCR", "column_name": "markdown", "timestamp": "2026-10-21T22:39:32.018783", "task": "ocr", "temperature": 0.01, "top_p": 1e-05, "repetition_penalty": 1.1, "max_tokens": 8192}]
train/10.1515_opth-2025-0056.pdf	9	4.4 Relations Between God and Humans Yannaras interprets the Church’s faith in the eternity of humans not to be “the conviction that there is somehow a future ‘condition’ where ‘something’ from man survives, his ‘soul’ or his ‘spirit’”. On the contrary, the limited existential state of humans is unable to sustain its ...	[{"model_id": "zai-org/GLM-OCR", "model_name": "GLM-OCR", "column_name": "markdown", "timestamp": "2026-10-21T22:39:32.018783", "task": "ocr", "temperature": 0.01, "top_p": 1e-05, "repetition_penalty": 1.1, "max_tokens": 8192}]
train/10.1515_opth-2025-0056.pdf	10	Author contributions: The author confirms the sole responsibility for the conception of the study, presented results, and manuscript preparation. Conflict of interest: The author states no conflict of interest. Data availability statement: Data sharing is not applicable to this article as no datasets were generated o...	[{"model_id": "zai-org/GLM-OCR", "model_name": "GLM-OCR", "column_name": "markdown", "timestamp": "2026-10-21T22:39:32.018783", "task": "ocr", "temperature": 0.01, "top_p": 1e-05, "repetition_penalty": 1.1, "max_tokens": 8192}]
train/10.1515_opth-2025-0056.pdf	11	Skliris, Dionysios. 2019. “The Philosophy of Mode (‘Tropos’) in the Thought of Christos Yannaras.” In Christos Yannaras: Philosophy, Theology, Culture, edited by Andreas Andreopoulos and Demetrios Harper. Oxford: Routledge. Yannaras, Christos. 1991. Elements of Faith: An Introduction to Orthodox Theology. Translat...	[{"model_id": "zai-org/GLM-OCR", "model_name": "GLM-OCR", "column_name": "markdown", "timestamp": "2026-10-21T22:39:32.018783", "task": "ocr", "temperature": 0.01, "top_p": 1e-05, "repetition_penalty": 1.1, "max_tokens": 8192}]
train/10.1515_opth-2025-0063.pdf	1	Research Article Roberto Mata* and Samuel S. Cao Conscripted Martyrology: José Rizal’s Secular Martyrdom in Filipino Colonial Narratives https://doi.org/10.1515/opth-2025-0063 Received April 8, 2025; accepted August 18, 2025; published online June 22, 2026 Abstract: This article examines the ideological constructio...	[{"model_id": "zai-org/GLM-OCR", "model_name": "GLM-OCR", "column_name": "markdown", "timestamp": "2026-10-21T22:39:32.018783", "task": "ocr", "temperature": 0.01, "top_p": 1e-05, "repetition_penalty": 1.1, "max_tokens": 8192}]
train/10.1515_opth-2025-0063.pdf	2	“One only dies once, if one does not die well, a good opportunity is lost which will not present itself again.”² As a lesson to the Katipunan rebels, a Spanish firing squad executed Rizal before a crowd comprising hundreds of people. Today, Rizal’s legacy is enshrined in what Ocampo describes as an overcoat, sealing h...	[{"model_id": "zai-org/GLM-OCR", "model_name": "GLM-OCR", "column_name": "markdown", "timestamp": "2026-10-21T22:39:32.018783", "task": "ocr", "temperature": 0.01, "top_p": 1e-05, "repetition_penalty": 1.1, "max_tokens": 8192}]
train/10.1515_opth-2025-0063.pdf	3	Asad, David Cook, John E. McKenzie) also consider how modern states construct martyr figures to serve evolving purposes and agendas.$^{15}$ If the category of martyrdom is to be used, then we must first unpack the martyrology of Jose Rizal, showing how his death and legacy may be properly construed as a martyrdom. Such...	[{"model_id": "zai-org/GLM-OCR", "model_name": "GLM-OCR", "column_name": "markdown", "timestamp": "2026-10-21T22:39:32.018783", "task": "ocr", "temperature": 0.01, "top_p": 1e-05, "repetition_penalty": 1.1, "max_tokens": 8192}]
train/10.1515_opth-2025-0063.pdf	4	each generation’s political needs. The absence of fixed dogma transforms it into a uniquely adaptable political resource – a phenomenon starkly visible in anti-colonial movements that recast historical figures as martyrs for nationalist causes.$^{21}$ For instance, José Rizal’s execution by Spanish authorities was init...	[{"model_id": "zai-org/GLM-OCR", "model_name": "GLM-OCR", "column_name": "markdown", "timestamp": "2026-10-21T22:39:32.018783", "task": "ocr", "temperature": 0.01, "top_p": 1e-05, "repetition_penalty": 1.1, "max_tokens": 8192}]
train/10.1515_opth-2025-0063.pdf	5	within broader cultural systems. Hence, the gruesome deaths of the martyrs became organizing features of the triumphant story told by Christian communities. It is not simply the act of dying, but its mediation that produces its resonance, as seen in the Passion of Perpetua and Felicitas, where the martyrs’ deaths are...	[{"model_id": "zai-org/GLM-OCR", "model_name": "GLM-OCR", "column_name": "markdown", "timestamp": "2026-10-21T22:39:32.018783", "task": "ocr", "temperature": 0.01, "top_p": 1e-05, "repetition_penalty": 1.1, "max_tokens": 8192}]
train/10.1515_opth-2025-0063.pdf	6	Witnessing these brutal executions clarified Rizal’s understanding of the harsh realities of Spanish colonial rule. The event solidified his commitment to exposing the regime’s injustices and inspired his fellow Filipinos to embrace ideals of liberty, equality, and national sovereignty. 3.2 Contesting Notions of Truth...	[{"model_id": "zai-org/GLM-OCR", "model_name": "GLM-OCR", "column_name": "markdown", "timestamp": "2026-10-21T22:39:32.018783", "task": "ocr", "temperature": 0.01, "top_p": 1e-05, "repetition_penalty": 1.1, "max_tokens": 8192}]
train/10.1515_opth-2025-0063.pdf	7	works transcended mere literary expression; they became catalysts for shaping the Filipino nation’s consciousness, inspiring its people to challenge the status quo. Through his unwavering commitment to truth and justice, Rizal established himself as a visionary thinker, advocate, and national hero. He harnessed the pow...	[{"model_id": "zai-org/GLM-OCR", "model_name": "GLM-OCR", "column_name": "markdown", "timestamp": "2026-10-21T22:39:32.018783", "task": "ocr", "temperature": 0.01, "top_p": 1e-05, "repetition_penalty": 1.1, "max_tokens": 8192}]
train/10.1515_opth-2025-0063.pdf	8	convince him, Rizal continued to refuse their requests and proceeded with his journey to Cuba. While this was happening, Spanish authorities began investigating the rising civil unrest in Manila, leading to an official inquiry into the disturbances. They labeled the unrest the “Katipunan Conspiracy,” further implicatin...	[{"model_id": "zai-org/GLM-OCR", "model_name": "GLM-OCR", "column_name": "markdown", "timestamp": "2026-10-21T22:39:32.018783", "task": "ocr", "temperature": 0.01, "top_p": 1e-05, "repetition_penalty": 1.1, "max_tokens": 8192}]
train/10.1515_opth-2025-0063.pdf	9	Nevertheless, Rizal determined to make good use of his death. In an 1890 letter to Mariano Ponce, Rizal wrote, “One only dies once, and if one does not die well, a good opportunity is lost which will not present itself again.” This illustrates Rizal’s philosophical instrumentalizing of his death as a meaningful act of ...	[{"model_id": "zai-org/GLM-OCR", "model_name": "GLM-OCR", "column_name": "markdown", "timestamp": "2026-10-21T22:39:32.018783", "task": "ocr", "temperature": 0.01, "top_p": 1e-05, "repetition_penalty": 1.1, "max_tokens": 8192}]
train/10.1515_opth-2025-0063.pdf	10	communities of resistance to seize the spectacle and invert its message. For Bonifacio and the Katipunan, Rizal’s execution became a sacred text of its own – a vivid exposure of colonial violence and a rallying point for revolutionary solidarity. 6 Conscripted Martyrology 6.1 Collective Memory The endurance of Rizal...	[{"model_id": "zai-org/GLM-OCR", "model_name": "GLM-OCR", "column_name": "markdown", "timestamp": "2026-10-21T22:39:32.018783", "task": "ocr", "temperature": 0.01, "top_p": 1e-05, "repetition_penalty": 1.1, "max_tokens": 8192}]
train/10.1515_opth-2025-0063.pdf	11	refashioned his memory into a colonial tool. His novels, Noli Me Tangere and El Filibusterismo, which powerfully denounced Spanish clerical and state abuses, were stripped of their critically resistant tone and rebranded as testaments to peaceful reform. Figures like William Howard Taft elevated him as a model of p...	[{"model_id": "zai-org/GLM-OCR", "model_name": "GLM-OCR", "column_name": "markdown", "timestamp": "2026-10-21T22:39:32.018783", "task": "ocr", "temperature": 0.01, "top_p": 1e-05, "repetition_penalty": 1.1, "max_tokens": 8192}]
train/10.1515_opth-2025-0063.pdf	12	achieves a fixed meaning, Rizal’s secular sacrifice continues to evolve – at once a nationalist icon, a colonial construct, and a revolutionary symbol – embodying the very mutability that defines the power and peril of secular martyrdom.$^{77}$ 7.2 A Usable Past After Filipino independence, Rizal’s death became a cor...	[{"model_id": "zai-org/GLM-OCR", "model_name": "GLM-OCR", "column_name": "markdown", "timestamp": "2026-10-21T22:39:32.018783", "task": "ocr", "temperature": 0.01, "top_p": 1e-05, "repetition_penalty": 1.1, "max_tokens": 8192}]
train/10.1515_opth-2025-0063.pdf	13	and contested. Rejecting Spanish efforts to portray Rizal as a loyal reformist, the Katipunan reimagined him as a symbol of national martyrdom and the soul of the revolution. Following the Spanish-American War, American colonial educators likewise appropriated Rizal’s martyrdom to advance their program of benevolent as...	[{"model_id": "zai-org/GLM-OCR", "model_name": "GLM-OCR", "column_name": "markdown", "timestamp": "2026-10-21T22:39:32.018783", "task": "ocr", "temperature": 0.01, "top_p": 1e-05, "repetition_penalty": 1.1, "max_tokens": 8192}]
train/10.1515_opth-2025-0063.pdf	14	Barrows, David Prescott. 1907. “Education and Social Progress in the Philippines.” The Annals of the American Academy of Political and Social Science 30: 69–82. http://www.jstor.org/stable/1010635. Barrows, David Prescott. 1914. A Decade of American Government in the Philippines, 1903–1913. Yonkers-on-Hudson: Worl...	[{"model_id": "zai-org/GLM-OCR", "model_name": "GLM-OCR", "column_name": "markdown", "timestamp": "2026-10-21T22:39:32.018783", "task": "ocr", "temperature": 0.01, "top_p": 1e-05, "repetition_penalty": 1.1, "max_tokens": 8192}]
train/10.1515_opth-2025-0063.pdf	15	Ravin, Thomas B. 2001. “José Rizal: Philippine National Hero and Ophthalmologist.” Archives of Ophthalmology 119 (2): 280–4. https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jamaophthalmology/fullarticle/265463. Rizal, José. “Verso De Isagani.” Rizal, José. “Canto de Maria Clara.” In Noli Me Tangere. Rizal, José. 1879. La Juventud ...	[{"model_id": "zai-org/GLM-OCR", "model_name": "GLM-OCR", "column_name": "markdown", "timestamp": "2026-10-21T22:39:32.018783", "task": "ocr", "temperature": 0.01, "top_p": 1e-05, "repetition_penalty": 1.1, "max_tokens": 8192}]
train/10.1515_opth-2025-0067.pdf	1	Artificial Intelligence and the Question of Theological Relevance https://doi.org/10.1515/opth-2025-0067 Received December 17, 2025; accepted March 3, 2026; published online April 9, 2026 Abstract: Artificial Intelligence (AI) raises profound questions regarding theological relevance within contemporary “theo-tech” d...	[{"model_id": "zai-org/GLM-OCR", "model_name": "GLM-OCR", "column_name": "markdown", "timestamp": "2026-10-21T22:39:32.018783", "task": "ocr", "temperature": 0.01, "top_p": 1e-05, "repetition_penalty": 1.1, "max_tokens": 8192}]
train/10.1515_opth-2025-0067.pdf	2	theological worldview but raised the issue of the very relevance of theology in the explanatory system. Thus, as Debra L. Charatan argues, “In a world fueled by information, globalism, and accelerating scientific advancement,” AI will contribute “to the rise of atheism and the eventual dissolution of the world’s religi...	[{"model_id": "zai-org/GLM-OCR", "model_name": "GLM-OCR", "column_name": "markdown", "timestamp": "2026-10-21T22:39:32.018783", "task": "ocr", "temperature": 0.01, "top_p": 1e-05, "repetition_penalty": 1.1, "max_tokens": 8192}]
train/10.1515_opth-2025-0067.pdf	3	and theology known as the “God of the gaps” paradigm. In the context of rapid scientific expansion, this model reduced knowledge to empirical causes, confusing scientific explanation with ultimate meaning and forcing theology into a reactive posture. However, the “God of the gaps” approach has long been critiqued by b...	[{"model_id": "zai-org/GLM-OCR", "model_name": "GLM-OCR", "column_name": "markdown", "timestamp": "2026-10-21T22:39:32.018783", "task": "ocr", "temperature": 0.01, "top_p": 1e-05, "repetition_penalty": 1.1, "max_tokens": 8192}]
train/10.1515_opth-2025-0067.pdf	4	responds to this shift by reframing theological inquiry toward ethical obligations. Ultimately, while AI reduces empirical ignorance, it opens new gateways to questions of identity, dignity, and freedom that require a robust theological response. 1.2 Thesis Statement The rapid advancements in AI mandate a paradigm sh...	[{"model_id": "zai-org/GLM-OCR", "model_name": "GLM-OCR", "column_name": "markdown", "timestamp": "2026-10-21T22:39:32.018783", "task": "ocr", "temperature": 0.01, "top_p": 1e-05, "repetition_penalty": 1.1, "max_tokens": 8192}]
train/10.1515_opth-2025-0067.pdf	5	inaccessible mystery but a process that can be algorithmically reproduced and demonstrated through AI performance. Consequently, the distinction between humans and machines is being eroded, at least in terms of functional equivalence. Furthermore, creative output – a phenomenon previously associated with Imago Dei – c...	[{"model_id": "zai-org/GLM-OCR", "model_name": "GLM-OCR", "column_name": "markdown", "timestamp": "2026-10-21T22:39:32.018783", "task": "ocr", "temperature": 0.01, "top_p": 1e-05, "repetition_penalty": 1.1, "max_tokens": 8192}]
train/10.1515_opth-2025-0067.pdf	6	in climate data more effectively. According to de Burgh-Day and Leeuwenburg, machine-learning approaches are now competing with, and occasionally replacing, traditional numeric models in climate prediction. These techniques can forecast fluctuations, extreme weather conditions, and ecosystem collapses – phenomena once ...	[{"model_id": "zai-org/GLM-OCR", "model_name": "GLM-OCR", "column_name": "markdown", "timestamp": "2026-10-21T22:39:32.018783", "task": "ocr", "temperature": 0.01, "top_p": 1e-05, "repetition_penalty": 1.1, "max_tokens": 8192}]
train/10.1515_opth-2025-0067.pdf	7	language systems and neural architectures possess fundamental limitations, specifically a lack of access to genuine meaning or intention. According to Bender et al., these systems primarily learn statistical correlations from the data.$^{39}$ Furthermore, as AI demonstrates that choice-making (free will) can emerge fr...	[{"model_id": "zai-org/GLM-OCR", "model_name": "GLM-OCR", "column_name": "markdown", "timestamp": "2026-10-21T22:39:32.018783", "task": "ocr", "temperature": 0.01, "top_p": 1e-05, "repetition_penalty": 1.1, "max_tokens": 8192}]
train/10.1515_opth-2025-0067.pdf	8	discipline capable of navigating an era where the boundaries between human agency and algorithmic influence are increasingly blurred. Although AI systems increasingly outperform clinicians in specific diagnostic tasks, they remain dependent on training data and are vulnerable to bias, error propagation, and limited co...	[{"model_id": "zai-org/GLM-OCR", "model_name": "GLM-OCR", "column_name": "markdown", "timestamp": "2026-10-21T22:39:32.018783", "task": "ocr", "temperature": 0.01, "top_p": 1e-05, "repetition_penalty": 1.1, "max_tokens": 8192}]
train/10.1515_opth-2025-0067.pdf	9	This necessity signals a shift from the “God of the gaps” assumption to a “God of the gateways” model. The former is theologically precarious because, as Barbour (1997) and others have concluded, the “God of the gaps” model is perpetually vulnerable to scientific advancement. At this juncture, this study rethinks the ...	[{"model_id": "zai-org/GLM-OCR", "model_name": "GLM-OCR", "column_name": "markdown", "timestamp": "2026-10-21T22:39:32.018783", "task": "ocr", "temperature": 0.01, "top_p": 1e-05, "repetition_penalty": 1.1, "max_tokens": 8192}]
train/10.1515_opth-2025-0067.pdf	10	6.1 Gateway-Oriented Theology and Cognitive Science The ability of AI to perform cognitive tasks with high accuracy can push classical gap-based theology into a defensive posture, forcing it to justify its relevance. This type of theology remains relevant only if certain aspects of cognition remain unexplained; howeve...	[{"model_id": "zai-org/GLM-OCR", "model_name": "GLM-OCR", "column_name": "markdown", "timestamp": "2026-10-21T22:39:32.018783", "task": "ocr", "temperature": 0.01, "top_p": 1e-05, "repetition_penalty": 1.1, "max_tokens": 8192}]
train/10.1515_opth-2025-0067.pdf	11	responsibility and purpose. Accordingly, if transparency risks human dignity by exposing privacy, it should not be maximized. The transparency may explain the decision logic not the intimate data of individuals. A further point to note is that AI increasingly creates new moral vacuums expanding the gaps between techno...	[{"model_id": "zai-org/GLM-OCR", "model_name": "GLM-OCR", "column_name": "markdown", "timestamp": "2026-10-21T22:39:32.018783", "task": "ocr", "temperature": 0.01, "top_p": 1e-05, "repetition_penalty": 1.1, "max_tokens": 8192}]
train/10.1515_opth-2025-0067.pdf	12	contemporary theology must move beyond explaining nature to engaging ethically with “the integrity of creation.”$^{64}$ Since causality is now established with high confidence, we cannot evade moral responsibility for environmental harm by considering it accidental or unavoidable. Ignoring such warnings is an ethical ...	[{"model_id": "zai-org/GLM-OCR", "model_name": "GLM-OCR", "column_name": "markdown", "timestamp": "2026-10-21T22:39:32.018783", "task": "ocr", "temperature": 0.01, "top_p": 1e-05, "repetition_penalty": 1.1, "max_tokens": 8192}]
train/10.1515_opth-2025-0067.pdf	13	Brooke, John Hedley. 1991. Science and Religion: Some Historical Perspectives. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. Chalmers, David J. 1996. The Conscious Mind: In Search of a Fundamental Theory. New York: Oxford University Press. Charatan, D. L. 2018. “How Will AI Affect My Faith and Religion in General?” In *...	[{"model_id": "zai-org/GLM-OCR", "model_name": "GLM-OCR", "column_name": "markdown", "timestamp": "2026-10-21T22:39:32.018783", "task": "ocr", "temperature": 0.01, "top_p": 1e-05, "repetition_penalty": 1.1, "max_tokens": 8192}]
train/10.1515_opth-2025-0068.pdf	1	Between Person and Technological Artifact: Social Robot in the Light of Karol Wojtyła’s Personalism https://doi.org/10.1515/opth-2025-0068 Received December 16, 2025; accepted March 3, 2026; published online May 12, 2026 Abstract: This article examines the attribution of personal characteristics to social robots from...	[{"model_id": "zai-org/GLM-OCR", "model_name": "GLM-OCR", "column_name": "markdown", "timestamp": "2026-10-21T22:39:32.018783", "task": "ocr", "temperature": 0.01, "top_p": 1e-05, "repetition_penalty": 1.1, "max_tokens": 8192}]
train/10.1515_opth-2025-0068.pdf	2	This discussion raises the question of their “objectified” and increasingly subjectified participation in social life, driven by the attribution of personal characteristics to the products of social robotics. The research problem concerns the attributes of the human person being appropriated by social robots, viewed th...	[{"model_id": "zai-org/GLM-OCR", "model_name": "GLM-OCR", "column_name": "markdown", "timestamp": "2026-10-21T22:39:32.018783", "task": "ocr", "temperature": 0.01, "top_p": 1e-05, "repetition_penalty": 1.1, "max_tokens": 8192}]

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Document OCR using GLM-OCR

This dataset contains OCR results from images in divinity-library/open-theology-pages using GLM-OCR, a compact 0.9B OCR model achieving SOTA performance.

Processing Details

Source Dataset: divinity-library/open-theology-pages
Model: zai-org/GLM-OCR
Task: text recognition
Number of Samples: 255
Processing Time: 16.4 min
Processing Date: 2026-10-21 22:39 UTC

Configuration

Image Column: image
Output Column: markdown
Dataset Split: train
Batch Size: 16
Max Model Length: 8,192 tokens
Max Output Tokens: 8,192
Temperature: 0.01
Top P: 1e-05
GPU Memory Utilization: 80.0%

Model Information

GLM-OCR is a compact, high-performance OCR model:

0.9B parameters
94.62% on OmniDocBench V1.5
CogViT visual encoder + GLM-0.5B language decoder
Multi-Token Prediction (MTP) loss for efficiency
Multilingual: zh, en, fr, es, ru, de, ja, ko
MIT licensed

Dataset Structure

The dataset contains all original columns plus:

markdown: The extracted text in markdown format
inference_info: JSON list tracking all OCR models applied to this dataset

Reproduction

Produced on Hugging Face Jobs (gpu) with the glm-ocr.py recipe from uv-scripts. Run it yourself:

hf jobs uv run https://huggingface.co/datasets/uv-scripts/ocr/raw/main/glm-ocr.py \
    divinity-library/open-theology-pages \
    <output-dataset> \
    --image-column image \
    --batch-size 16 \
    --task ocr

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Open Theology

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