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completeness | 0 | TSAR 2025 Shared Task on RCTS (British Council) | Gary Collins, an off-duty policeman, was watching the London riots on TV.
He immediately recognised several people and cut his holiday short to help with identification.
He ended up spending six months going through the CCTV film and managed to identify 190 people, many from their eyes alone.
His help was of decisive i... | Gary Collins, a policeman who was not working at the time, saw the London riots on TV.
He knew some of the people involved.
He stopped his vacation early to help find out who they were.
He spent six months watching CCTV videos.
He identified 190 people, sometimes just by looking at their eyes.
His help was very importa... | [
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completeness | 1 | TSAR 2025 Shared Task on RCTS (British Council) | Many of the major supermarket chains have come under fire with accusations of various unethical acts over the past decade.
They've wasted tonnes of food, they've underpaid their suppliers and they've contributed to excessive plastic waste in their packaging, which has had its impact on our environment.
But supermarkets... | In the last ten years, many big supermarkets have been criticised for doing some things that are wrong.
They have thrown away a lot of food, paid their suppliers too little, and used too much plastic packaging.
This has harmed the environment.
But now, supermarkets are starting to pay attention.
Because customers are c... | [
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completeness | 2 | TSAR 2025 Shared Task on RCTS (British Council) | One of the most important modern functions of zoos is supporting international breeding programmes, particularly for endangered species.
In the wild, some of the rarest species have difficulty in finding mates and breeding, and they might also be threatened by poachers, loss of their habitat and predators.
A good zoo w... | Zoos help endangered animals have babies.
It can be hard for these animals to find mates or stay safe in the wild because of hunters, losing their homes, or dangerous animals.
Zoos give them a safe place to live and breed.
Also, when there are not many of these animals left in the wild, they can become too similar gene... | [
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completeness | 3 | TSAR 2025 Shared Task on RCTS (British Council) | Spider venom is present in most species and serves the purpose of stunning or killing their prey rather than attacking humans.
In fact, only 25 of the known spider species produce venom which can actually harm humans, and although spider bites can be painful, they are rarely deadly.
Australia's notorious Sydney funnel-... | Most spiders have venom to stun or kill prey, not to attack people.
Only a small number of spider species (about 25) have venom that can hurt humans.
Spider bites can be painful, but they are rarely deadly.
The Sydney funnel-web spider in Australia is dangerous, but no one has died from its bite since 1981 because ther... | [
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completeness | 4 | TSAR 2025 Shared Task on RCTS (British Council) | In the 1950s, Central American commercial banana growers were facing the death of their most lucrative product, the Gros Michel banana, known as Big Mike.
And now it's happening again to Big Mike's successor – the Cavendish.
With its easily transported, thick-skinned and sweet-tasting fruit, the Gros Michel banana plan... | In the 1950s, banana farmers in Central America were about to lose their most profitable banana, called Gros Michel (or Big Mike).
Now, the same thing is happening to the banana that replaced Big Mike – the Cavendish.
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completeness | 5 | TSAR 2025 Shared Task on RCTS (British Council) | In 2010, the planetary defence team at NASA had identified and logged 90 per cent of the asteroids near Earth measuring 1km wide.
These 'near-Earth objects', or NEOs, are the size of mountains and include anything within 50 million kilometres of Earth's orbit.
With an estimated 50 left to log, NASA says none of the 887... | In 2010, NASA found most of the big asteroids close to Earth.
These asteroids are called NEOs and are like mountains in size.
They are within 50 million kilometers of Earth.
NASA knows about 887 NEOs.
They say none of them are a big threat to Earth.
About 50 more big NEOs need to be found. | [
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completeness | 6 | TSAR 2025 Shared Task on RCTS (British Council) | Cape Town can be a dangerous place for baboons.
Some have been injured or killed in car accidents and others have been electrocuted as they played with electric cables.
Baboons are an endangered species and to save them and minimise conflicts between humans and baboons, the city council has employed a team of Baboon Mo... | Cape Town is a dangerous place for baboons.
Cars can hit and hurt or kill them.
They can also be hurt by electric cables.
Baboons are endangered, so the city has hired people to help them.
These people are called Baboon Monitors.
They keep baboons out of the city or move them to the countryside.
This has helped, but it... | [
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completeness | 7 | TSAR 2025 Shared Task on RCTS (British Council) | Many city residents in Berlin, Germany complained that shooting pigs was unnecessarily cruel and there were heated arguments between hunters and animal lovers.
In response to protests, the city council decided to take more peaceful action against pigs.
Instead of shooting them, they have put up fences and made it illeg... | In Berlin, many people said it was cruel to shoot pigs.
Hunters and animal lovers argued about it.
So, the city decided to try a new way to control the pigs.
They built fences and made it illegal to feed them.
We will see if this works.
It might be hard because warmer winters mean there are more pigs now. | [
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completeness | 8 | TSAR 2025 Shared Task on RCTS (British Council) | In Britain, the average person spends more than £1,000 on new clothes a year, which is around four per cent of their income.
That might not sound like much, but that figure hides two far more worrying trends for society and for the environment.
First, a lot of that consumer spending is via credit cards.
British people ... | In Britain, people spend over £1,000 each year on new clothes.
This is about 4% of what they earn.
This may seem okay, but it shows two problems for society and the planet.
First, many people use credit cards to buy clothes.
British adults owe about £670 each to credit card companies.
This is most of the money they spe... | [
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completeness | 9 | TSAR 2025 Shared Task on RCTS (British Council) | The 'buy nothing' trend has now reached influencers on social media who usually share posts of clothing and make-up that they recommend for people to buy.
Some YouTube stars now encourage their viewers not to buy anything at all for periods as long as a year.
Two friends in Canada spent a year working towards buying on... | The "buy nothing" idea is now popular with social media influencers.
These are people who usually tell you what clothes and makeup to buy.
Now, some YouTube stars are telling people not to buy anything for a whole year.
Two friends in Canada tried to buy only food for a year.
For the first three months, they stopped bu... | [
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completeness | 10 | TSAR 2025 Shared Task on RCTS (British Council) | Ed Stafford from the UK is the first person to walk the length of the Amazon River.
He started by a small stream in the Andes mountains of Peru and arrived at the river's mouth in Brazil, two years and four months later, having walked 6,000 kilometres.
The Amazon rainforest is home to poisonous snakes, crocodiles and j... | Ed Stafford, from the UK, was the first person to walk the entire Amazon River.
He walked from a small stream in the Andes mountains in Peru to the river's end in Brazil.
The walk took him two years and four months.
He walked 6,000 kilometers.
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completeness | 11 | TSAR 2025 Shared Task on RCTS (British Council) | Now NASA is working towards logging some of the smaller asteroids, those measuring 140 metres wide or more.
Of the 25,000 estimated asteroids of this size, so far about 8,000 have been logged, leaving 17,000 unaccounted for.
Considering that a 19-metre asteroid that exploded above the city of Chelyabinsk in Russia in 2... | NASA is now trying to keep track of smaller asteroids.
These asteroids are 140 meters wide or bigger.
Scientists think there are 25,000 asteroids of this size.
So far, they have found about 8,000.
That means 17,000 are still missing.
In 2013, a small asteroid exploded over Russia and hurt 1,200 people.
These middle-siz... | [
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completeness | 12 | TSAR 2025 Shared Task on RCTS (British Council) | In the last two centuries, improvements in technology and health meant fewer children died young, fuelling rapid population growth.
These large families produced even more children who survived into adulthood and had their own children.
But with the wider availability of contraception in the 1960s, the global average n... | In the past 200 years, better technology and health care have helped more children live longer.
This caused the world population to grow quickly.
Bigger families had more children, who also lived to have children.
But since the 1960s, birth control has become more common.
Because of this, the average number of babies p... | [
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completeness | 13 | TSAR 2025 Shared Task on RCTS (British Council) | Erik Weihenmayer from the United States is a multi-adventurer.
He's ridden a bike through the deserts of Morocco, kayaked through the Grand Canyon and climbed Everest.
Amazingly, Erik has been blind since the age of 13.
Apart from his travels, he tries to encourage people with disabilities to live active lives and take... | Erik Weihenmayer is an adventurer from the United States.
He has biked across deserts, kayaked in the Grand Canyon, and climbed Mount Everest.
Erik has been blind since he was 13 years old.
He also encourages people with disabilities to be active and leads young blind people on climbing trips. | [
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completeness | 14 | TSAR 2025 Shared Task on RCTS (British Council) | Democratised online platforms are providing a chance for people to make a quick buck or two.
To give an example, busy parents previously might not have bothered with setting up a stall at the local market or car boot sale to sell their children's old equipment, but with online marketplaces, parents are now able to sell... | Online platforms make it easier for people to earn money.
For example, parents can now easily sell their children's old clothes and equipment online.
They can get some money back for things their kids no longer use. | [
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completeness | 15 | TSAR 2025 Shared Task on RCTS (British Council) | The majority of people believe that developing countries are in a terrible situation: suffering from incredible poverty, governed by dictators and with little hope for any meaningful change.
But, surprisingly, this is far from the truth.
The reality is that a great transformation is occurring.
Over the past 20 years, m... | Many people think that developing countries are in a bad state.
They imagine extreme poverty and cruel leaders, with little chance of things getting better.
But actually, this is not true.
Big changes are happening.
In the last 20 years, over 700 million people have earned more money and escaped poverty.
Also, 6 millio... | [
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completeness | 16 | TSAR 2025 Shared Task on RCTS (British Council) | Lewis would like to see the number of marine protected areas in the world increase from 3 per cent to 10 per cent in an attempt to reverse the damage caused by human activity such as overfishing, polluting and littering.
During his expeditions, Lewis has witnessed this environmental destruction first-hand.
He's swum ov... | Lewis wants more marine protected areas.
He wants to increase them from 3% to 10% to fix the damage humans have caused.
Overfishing, pollution, and littering are hurting the ocean.
Lewis has seen this damage himself.
He's seen dead coral reefs and empty areas full of plastic.
He believes nature can heal if we give it s... | [
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completeness | 17 | TSAR 2025 Shared Task on RCTS (British Council) | The Scallion is printed weekly and distributed free in faculty buildings, with a readership of approximately 10,000 students.
It is written and produced entirely by students.
The survey shows that the newspaper is highly valued by university students and staff for entertainment, cultural enrichment and work experience.... | The Scallion is a free weekly newspaper for students.
About 10,000 students read it.
Students write and create the paper.
A survey shows that students and staff like the paper.
They find it fun, educational, and a good way to get work experience.
Printing the newspaper is expensive.
Also, some students cannot easily ge... | [
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completeness | 18 | TSAR 2025 Shared Task on RCTS (British Council) | It is society, not nature, that tells us girls should favour arts and humanities and leave maths and physics to the boys.
Coupled with this is the lack of positive female role models youngsters see doing science-related jobs.
Cartoons and stories often show the crazy scientist, genius inventor, or adventurous astronaut... | Society, not nature, teaches girls to like arts more than math and science.
Also, young people don't see many women working in science.
Movies and books often show scientists as men.
Sadly, people think scientists are strange, bad at socializing, and lonely.
These are wrong ideas from the media.
Because of this, girls ... | [
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completeness | 19 | TSAR 2025 Shared Task on RCTS (British Council) | The Hunger Games is a hugely successful book for teenagers and young adults by the American author Suzanne Collins.
Since it was published in 2008 it has been translated into 26 different languages and has sold millions of copies around the world.
It is also the first book for young readers to sell more than a million ... | The Hunger Games is a very popular book for young people.
It was written by Suzanne Collins, an American writer.
Since the book came out in 2008, it has been translated into 26 languages.
Millions of copies have been sold worldwide.
It was also the first book for young people to sell over a million electronic copies.
T... | [
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completeness | 20 | elg_cefr_en | The Empire of Mali was located in Western Africa.
It grew up along the Niger River and eventually spread across 1,200 miles from the city of Gao to the Atlantic Ocean.
It's northern border was just south of the Sahara Desert.
It covered regions of the modern day African countries of Mali, Niger, Senegal, Mauritania, Gu... | The Mali Empire was in West Africa.
It started by the Niger River and grew to be very large.
It stretched 1,200 miles, from Gao to the Atlantic Ocean.
The Sahara Desert was just north of its border.
Today, the empire's land is part of Mali, Niger, Senegal, Mauritania, Guinea, and The Gambia.
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completeness | 21 | elg_cefr_en | The government of the Mali Empire was led by the emperor who was called the Mansa.
The empire was then divided up into provinces that were each led by a governor called a ferba.
The religion of Islam played an important part in the government and many of the government administrators were Muslim scribes.
Although there... | The Mali Empire was ruled by an emperor called the Mansa.
The empire was divided into provinces, each with a governor called a ferba.
Islam was important to the government.
Many government workers were Muslim scribes.
Most people in the Mali Empire were Mande.
They shared similar languages and cultures.
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completeness | 22 | elg_cefr_en | Mohandas Karamchand Gandhi is born in north-west India in the princely state of Porbandar on 2 October 1869.
His family comes from an elite background.
His father works for the government as the chief minister of Porbandar.
His mother is a deeply pious woman who spends a lot of her time at temple and on frequent fasts.... | Mohandas Karamchand Gandhi was born in Porbandar, India, on October 2, 1869.
Porbandar was a small, ruled area in northwest India.
Gandhi's family was important.
His father was a top government worker in Porbandar.
His mother was very religious and taught him good Hindu values.
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completeness | 23 | elg_cefr_en | The 2007 acquittal of Angus Sinclair, later revealed as a serial killer, sparked a profound change in Scotland's judicial system.
Sinclair was cleared of raping and killing two teenage girls after they left Edinburgh's World's End pub in October 1977.
At the trial the prosecutor had failed to put vital forensic evidenc... | In 2007, Angus Sinclair was found not guilty of killing two teenage girls.
Later, it was discovered that he was a serial killer.
This case changed the Scottish legal system.
The girls were raped and killed after leaving a pub in 1977.
At the first trial, important evidence was not shown to the jury.
Because of the law,... | [
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completeness | 24 | elg_cefr_en | Steve Jobs carried his relentless love of design into all areas of his life, often involving his young family.
He had been married to Laurene Powell Jobs since 1991, with whom he had three children.
They remained married until Jobs’ death in 2011.
In 1996, Jobs gave an interview to Wired magazine where he described his... | Steve Jobs loved good design in everything he did, and he included his family in this.
He married Laurene Powell Jobs in 1991, and they had three children.
They were married until he died in 2011.
In 1996, Jobs told Wired magazine about looking for a new washing machine with his family.
He said that he, his wife, and t... | [
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completeness | 25 | elg_cefr_en | In 1997 Apple, in its 12th consecutive year of financial loss, bought NeXT and asked Steve Jobs to return as interim CEO.
In his first time with Apple in the 70s and 80s he showed he could be a creative visionary, but in his second term with the company, he showed he could lead it.
He quickly returned Apple to profitab... | In 1997, Apple was losing money for the 12th year in a row.
So, Apple bought a company called NeXT and asked Steve Jobs to come back as temporary CEO.
Jobs had been successful at Apple in the 1970s and 80s with his creative ideas.
But this time, he also showed he could lead the company.
He quickly made Apple profitable... | [
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completeness | 26 | elg_cefr_en | Stalin promotes an image of himself as a great benevolent leader and hero of the Soviet Union.
Yet he is increasingly paranoid and purges the Communist party and Army of anyone who might oppose him.
Ninety three of the 139 Central Committee members are killed and 81 of the 103 generals and admirals are executed.
The se... | Stalin wanted people to think he was a kind and great leader of the Soviet Union.
But he was also very suspicious and killed anyone in the Communist party or Army who might disagree with him.
He killed many important people.
The secret police made sure everyone followed Stalin's rules.
People were told to report on eac... | [
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completeness | 27 | elg_cefr_en | In 1919 Stalin marries his second wife Nadezhda Alliluyeva and they have two children – Svetlana and Vassily.
He abuses Nadezhda and she eventually kills herself in 1932.
He makes sure her death is officially reported as being caused by appendicitis.
Yakov, his son from his first wife, is a soldier in the Red Army and ... | In 1919, Stalin married Nadezhda Alliluyeva.
They had two children, Svetlana and Vassily.
Stalin treated Nadezhda badly.
She killed herself in 1932.
Stalin said she died from appendicitis.
Yakov, Stalin's son from his first marriage, was a soldier.
He was captured in WW2.
The Germans offered to trade him for another pr... | [
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completeness | 28 | elg_cefr_en | Stalin signs a nonaggression pact with Adolf Hitler and they agree to carve up Eastern Europe between them.
When Hitler’s armies easily defeat France and Britain retreats, Stalin ignores warnings from his generals and is completely unprepared for the Nazi Blitzkrieg attack of June 1941, which tears through Poland and i... | Stalin and Hitler sign an agreement not to fight each other, and they plan to divide Eastern Europe.
Later, Hitler's army quickly defeats France, and Britain withdraws.
Stalin ignores warnings about a possible attack.
In June 1941, Hitler suddenly attacks the Soviet Union.
The attack is very successful, and the Soviet ... | [
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completeness | 29 | elg_cefr_en | The collapse of the Soviet Union threw the Cuban economy into chaos.
But Castro was adamant his Cuba would survive.
Cuba lost around $6bn in annual subsidy from the Soviet Union and could no longer export sugar in exchange for its oil – Cuba’s factories and agriculture were paralysed.
Fidel Castro was forced to improvi... | When the Soviet Union fell apart, Cuba's economy had big problems.
But Castro wanted Cuba to survive.
Cuba lost about $6 billion a year from the Soviet Union.
It could not trade sugar for oil anymore.
Cuba's factories and farms stopped working well.
So, Castro made changes.
He limited how much food people could buy.
He... | [
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completeness | 30 | cambridge_exams_en | A hedgehog is a small mammal characterised by the sharp spines which cover its body.
The hedgehogs are found in many different parts of the world, none is native to either America or Australia.
All species of hedgehog share the ability to roll into a tight ball when attacked, so that their spines point outwards.
The ef... | Hedgehogs are small mammals with sharp spines on their bodies.
They live in many places around the world, but not in America or Australia.
When attacked, hedgehogs can roll into a tight ball with their spines pointing out.
This protects them.
How well this works depends on how many spines they have.
Some desert hedgeho... | [
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completeness | 31 | cambridge_exams_en | The Museum of Classical Archaeology is one of the few surviving collections of casts of Greek and Roman sculpture in the world, comprising over six hundred works.
The first thing to remember about the collection is that nothing here is genuine.
All the sculptures are accurate replicas cast from the originals, mostly in... | The Museum of Classical Archaeology has many copies of old Greek and Roman sculptures.
There are over 600 pieces.
None of the sculptures are originals.
They are copies made mostly in the late 1800s and early 1900s.
The museum building was specially made for the sculptures and has good light.
You can see sculptures that... | [
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completeness | 32 | cambridge_exams_en | The Sedgwick Museum houses a magnificent collection of fossil animals and plants, rocks and minerals of all geological ages, and from all parts of the world.
It also houses Britain’s oldest intact geological collection, that of Dr John Woodward (1665-1728).
It includes nearly 10,000 rare and interesting specimens store... | The Sedgwick Museum has a large collection of fossils, rocks, and minerals from all over the world and from all time periods.
It also has the oldest complete rock and mineral collection in Britain, owned by Dr.
John Woodward.
This collection has almost 10,000 old and special items in the same cabinets they were stored ... | [
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completeness | 33 | cambridge_exams_en | Ghanerao Hotel sits at the edge of the Aravalli Hills in a small rural village dominated by craftsmen.
It mixes English country-house tranquillity with Indian symbolism.
The Ghanerao family have lived there for 400 years and today, Sajjan Singh and his wife have opened their home to paying guests.
The facilities are ba... | Ghanerao Hotel is in a quiet village near the Aravalli Hills.
Many local people are skilled craftsmen.
The hotel combines a peaceful English style with Indian designs.
The Ghanerao family has lived there for 400 years.
Now, Sajjan Singh and his wife welcome guests into their home.
The hotel is simple, and hot water is ... | [
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completeness | 34 | cambridge_exams_en | The Ladera Hotel in St Lucia has one of the Caribbean’s most dramatic settings.
Quiet and far off the beaten track, it stands at an altitude of 1,000 feet, its open rooms looking out between the twin peaks of the Pitons to the Caribbean Sea some view first thing in the morning!
The style is colonial, with furniture in ... | The Ladera Hotel in St.
Lucia is in a very beautiful location.
It's a peaceful and secluded place, high up on a hill.
The rooms have open walls that face the Pitons mountains and the Caribbean Sea.
You can see the view right from your bed!
The hotel has a classic style, with wooden furniture and beds with mosquito nets... | [
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completeness | 35 | cambridge_exams_en | Mountaineer Chris Bonnington (58) is best known for scaling the summit of Everest in 1985.
He has also pioneered routes in Britain and the Alps and written many books, including Quest for Adventure and Everest the Hard Way.
Robin Knox-Johnston (53) began his sea career in the Merchant Navy.
In 1968-9 he was the first t... | Chris Bonnington, a 58-year-old mountain climber, is famous for climbing Mount Everest in 1985.
He also made new paths in Britain and the Alps.
He wrote books like "Quest for Adventure" and "Everest the Hard Way."
Robin Knox-Johnston, age 53, used to work on ships.
In 1968-9, he was the first person to sail around the... | [
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completeness | 36 | cambridge_exams_en | There are two main approaches to animal science - the physiological and the whole animal.
Physiologists are mainly interested in how the body works, that is, in how the nerves, muscles and sense organs are coordinated to produce complex behaviour.
Those taking the 'whole animal' approach, although they are often intere... | Animal science can be studied in two main ways: by looking at how the body works (physiology) or by looking at the whole animal.
Physiologists study how body parts like nerves and muscles work together to create behavior.
Others study the behavior of the entire animal and what influences it. | [
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completeness | 37 | cambridge_exams_en | Terence and Chris Madden have travelled from Canada's frozen north to the heat of Africa in their search for nature's most desired metals.
The father and son team - one an explorer, the other a mineral expert - believe their mine on the side of a Welsh mountain could contain up to 10,000 ounces of gold.
After ten years... | Terence and Chris Madden are looking for valuable metals around the world, from cold Canada to hot Africa.
This father and son team thinks their mine in Wales has a lot of gold, maybe 10,000 ounces.
They have been digging there for ten years.
They believe they are close to finding gold worth five million dollars.
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completeness | 38 | cambridge_exams_en | Ice skating has a history of thousands of years.
Archaeologists have discovered skates made from animal bone.
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Among the Scandinavian upper classes, skating was seen as an essential skill.
In the early twentieth ce... | People have ice skated for thousands of years.
Very old skates made of animal bone have been found.
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completeness | 39 | cambridge_exams_en | Over the past one and a half centuries, photography has been used to record all aspects of human life and activity.
During this relatively short history, the medium has expanded its capabilities in the recording of time and space, thus allowing human vision to be able to view the fleeting moment or to visualise both th... | For 150 years, people have used photos to capture everything about life.
In a short time, photography has improved a lot.
Now, we can see quick moments or very large and small things.
Photos show us far away places, space, and problems in the world.
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completeness | 40 | OneStopEnglish corpus | Male bosses are being paid bonuses double the size of those given to female colleagues in identical jobs – a disparity that means men enjoy salary top-ups of £141,500 more than women over the course of a working lifetime.
The figures, released by the Chartered Management Institute (CMI), reveal that men in UK managemen... | Men in management positions get much bigger bonuses than women in the same jobs.
Men can receive £141,500 more in bonus pay than women during their careers.
In 2012, men in UK management roles received about £6,442 in bonuses, while women received about £3,029.
At the director level, women received £36,270 in bonuses, ... | [
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completeness | 41 | OneStopEnglish corpus | A major international row with wide-ranging implications for global drugs policy has erupted over the right of Bolivia’s indigenous Indian tribes to chew coca leaves, the principal ingredient in cocaine.
Bolivia has obtained a special exemption from the 1961 Single Convention on Narcotic Drugs, the framework that gover... | A big international argument has started about coca leaves.
Coca leaves are used to make cocaine.
The argument is about whether native Indian tribes in Bolivia should be allowed to chew them.
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completeness | 42 | OneStopEnglish corpus | Brazil experienced one of its biggest nights of protest in decades as more than 100,000 people took to the streets nationwide to express their frustration at heavy-handed policing, poor public services and high costs for the World Cup.
The major demonstrations in Rio de Janeiro, São Paulo, Brasilia, Belem, Belo Horizon... | Many people in Brazil protested in cities across the country.
They were angry about police violence, poor services, and the high cost of the World Cup.
Some protests started peacefully, but then turned violent with fights against the police and fires.
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completeness | 43 | OneStopEnglish corpus | Sir Alex Ferguson will retire as Manchester United manager at the end of the season in the 27th year of a tenure that has made him the most successful manager in British football.
While he will become a United director and ambassador, the club will now have to find someone to replace a man who has won 13 English Premie... | Alex Ferguson will stop being the manager of Manchester United at the end of this season.
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The club needs to find a new manager to replace him.
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completeness | 44 | OneStopEnglish corpus | Leading water scientists have issued one of the sternest warnings yet about global food supplies, saying that the world’s population may have to switch almost completely to a vegetarian diet by 2050 to avoid catastrophic shortages.
Humans derive about 20% of their protein from animal-based products now, but this may ne... | Experts who study water are giving a serious warning about food.
They say that by 2050, people may need to become mostly vegetarian to avoid major food shortages.
Currently, we get about 20% of our protein from meat and animal products.
But to feed two billion more people by 2050, this may need to drop to only 5%.
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completeness | 45 | OneStopEnglish corpus | The inventor of a state-of-the-art computer-assisted autopsy system that is increasingly being used in European hospitals has claimed the technique could eventually mean there is no such thing as a 'perfect murder'.
The method, called 'Virtopsy', is now being used at selected forensic medical institutes in Europe, havi... | A creator of a new computer autopsy system says it may become impossible to commit the "perfect murder." This system is called "Virtopsy." Some hospitals in Europe are starting to use it.
Scientists at the University of Zurich developed it.
Instead of cutting into the body with a knife, doctors can now use computers to... | [
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completeness | 46 | OneStopEnglish corpus | More than a third of all women worldwide – 35.6% – will experience physical or sexual violence in their lifetime, usually from a male partner, according to the first comprehensive study of its kind from the World Health Organization (WHO).
The report reveals the shocking extent of attacks on women from the men with who... | A large study by the World Health Organization (WHO) shows that violence against women is common.
About 35% of women worldwide face physical or sexual violence in their lives.
Often, the attacker is a male partner.
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completeness | 47 | OneStopEnglish corpus | Tigers are more numerous in Nepal than at any time since the 1970s, a new census has revealed, giving conservationists hope that the big cats, whose numbers have been dropping across south Asia for 100 years, can be saved.
The number of wild royal bengal tigers in Nepal has increased to 198 – a 63.6% rise in five years... | Nepal has more tigers than it has had since the 1970s.
A new count shows this.
This gives hope to people who are trying to save these animals.
Tiger numbers have been going down in South Asia for 100 years.
The number of wild tigers in Nepal has grown to 198.
This is a big increase in five years.
Maheshwar Dhakal, a wi... | [
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completeness | 48 | OneStopEnglish corpus | The Virunga National Park, home to rare mountain gorillas but targeted for oil exploration by a British company, could earn trouble-torn DR Congo $400m a year from tourism, hydropower and carbon credits, said a WWF report.
But, if the UNESCO World Heritage Site that straddles the equator is exploited for oil, as the Co... | Virunga National Park has mountain gorillas.
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completeness | 49 | OneStopEnglish corpus | Police and intelligence agencies around the world have, for almost 100 years, relied on lie detectors to help convict criminals or unearth spies and traitors.
The polygraph is beloved of the movies, with countless dramatic moments showing the guilty sweating profusely as they are hooked up.
But the invention could soon... | For about 100 years, police and spies have used lie detectors to find criminals.
You often see polygraphs in movies, with guilty people sweating as they are tested.
But this machine may soon disappear.
Researchers have created a new method that is more than 70% accurate.
It could be used in police stations in the next ... | [
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completeness | 50 | OneStopEnglish corpus | A girl born today in the UK can expect to live nearly to the age of 82 on average, while her brother will live to 78.
They would have a longer life in Andorra (85 and 79 respectively) but are marginally better off than in the US (81 and 76), while if they lived in the Central African Republic, they would barely make it... | In the UK, a girl born today is likely to live to about 82, and a boy to about 78.
People in Andorra live even longer.
But people in the Central African Republic live much shorter lives, often not reaching old age.
Overall, people around the world are living longer than before.
This is especially true for children.
Few... | [
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completeness | 51 | OneStopEnglish corpus | Wales will become the first country in the UK where people will be presumed to have consented for their organs to be donated unless they opt out.
The Welsh Assembly has voted to adopt the opt-out policy, which will allow hospitals to act on the assumption that people who die want to donate unless they have specifically... | Wales will be the first UK country to assume everyone agrees to donate their organs after death.
People who don't want to donate must say so.
The Welsh Assembly voted to approve this new rule.
Hospitals will assume people want to donate unless they have said they don't.
Most members voted for the change, even though so... | [
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completeness | 52 | OneStopEnglish corpus | Glastonbury Festival is to combat the scourge of the plastic water bottle as part of a long- term strategy to become the world’s most environmentally friendly outdoor music event.
Festival organizers are targeting the disposable bottle, one of the most conspicuous symbols of the throwaway culture, that each year leaves... | Glastonbury Festival wants to be a very environmentally friendly music festival.
To do this, they are trying to reduce plastic water bottle use.
Plastic bottles create a lot of waste at the festival.
About one million plastic bottles are used each year.
The festival will give reusable metal bottles to workers and bands... | [
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completeness | 53 | OneStopEnglish corpus | Lego’s profits rose strongly in the first half of 2014, helped by the success of its Lego Movie , which has stormed box offices in the US and UK.
The Danish toy firm’s sales rose across Europe, the Americas and Asia as children snapped up products linked to the film.
The film, released in February, took more than $250m... | Lego made a lot more money in the first half of 2014.
This was partly because of the popular Lego Movie.
The company sold more toys in Europe, the Americas, and Asia.
Children bought many toys related to the movie.
The movie came out in February.
By early April, it had earned over $250 million in the US and £31 million... | [
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completeness | 54 | OneStopEnglish corpus | As Facebook prepares to update investors on its performance in the first three months of the year, with analysts forecasting revenues up 36% on last year, studies suggest that its expansion in the US, UK and other major European countries has peaked.
In the last month, the world’s largest social network has lost 6m US ... | Facebook will soon tell investors how well it did in the first three months of the year.
Experts think its income is up 36% from last year.
But studies show that Facebook is not growing as fast in the US, UK, and big European countries.
A company called Socialbakers says Facebook lost 6 million US visitors last month, ... | [
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completeness | 55 | OneStopEnglish corpus | The Virunga National Park, home to rare mountain gorillas but targeted for oil exploration by a British company, could earn trouble-torn DR Congo $400m a year from tourism, hydropower and carbon credits, said a WWF report.
But, if the UNESCO World Heritage Site that straddles the equator is exploited for oil, as the Co... | Virunga National Park has mountain gorillas.
A British company wants to look for oil there.
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It sits on the equator.
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completeness | 56 | OneStopEnglish corpus | Nelson Mandela, the towering figure of Africa’s struggle for freedom and a hero to millions around the world, has died at the age of 95.
South Africa’s first black president died in the company of his family at home in Johannesburg after years of declining health, which had caused him to withdraw from public life.
The ... | Nelson Mandela, a great leader in Africa's fight for freedom, has died at 95.
He was a hero to many people.
South Africa's first black president died at home in Johannesburg with his family.
He had been sick for a long time and had stopped appearing in public.
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completeness | 57 | OneStopEnglish corpus | The head of Sweden’s prison and probation service, Nils Oberg, announced in November 2013 that four Swedish prisons are to be closed due to an “out of the ordinary” decline in prisoner numbers.
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completeness | 58 | OneStopEnglish corpus | Ethiopia is one of the world’s poorest countries, well known for its precarious food security situation.
But it is also the native home of teff, a highly nutritious ancient grain increasingly finding its way into health-food shops and supermarkets in Europe and America.
Teff’s tiny seeds – the size of poppy seeds – are... | Ethiopia is a very poor country where many people don't have enough food.
However, it's also where teff comes from.
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completeness | 59 | OneStopEnglish corpus | The Duke and Duchess of Cambridge won the first round in their battle for privacy on Tuesday when a French magazine was banned from selling or reusing images taken of the couple at a private chateau in Provence.
But the war is far from over as French prosecutors must now decide if criminal proceedings are to be brought... | Prince William and his wife Kate won an initial victory in their privacy case on Tuesday.
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completeness | 0 | TSAR 2025 Shared Task on RCTS (British Council) | Gary Collins, an off-duty policeman, was watching the London riots on TV.
He immediately recognised several people and cut his holiday short to help with identification.
He ended up spending six months going through the CCTV film and managed to identify 190 people, many from their eyes alone.
His help was of decisive i... | Gary Collins was a police officer who was on vacation when he saw the London riots on TV.
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completeness | 1 | TSAR 2025 Shared Task on RCTS (British Council) | Many of the major supermarket chains have come under fire with accusations of various unethical acts over the past decade.
They've wasted tonnes of food, they've underpaid their suppliers and they've contributed to excessive plastic waste in their packaging, which has had its impact on our environment.
But supermarkets... | Many big supermarkets have faced criticism for not acting ethically in recent years.
They have thrown away a lot of food, paid too little to the companies that supply them, and used too much plastic in their packaging, which has harmed the environment.
However, supermarkets are now beginning to pay attention.
Because c... | [
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completeness | 2 | TSAR 2025 Shared Task on RCTS (British Council) | One of the most important modern functions of zoos is supporting international breeding programmes, particularly for endangered species.
In the wild, some of the rarest species have difficulty in finding mates and breeding, and they might also be threatened by poachers, loss of their habitat and predators.
A good zoo w... | Zoos today play a vital role in helping endangered animals.
Some rare animals have trouble finding partners and having babies in their natural homes.
They also face dangers like hunters, loss of land, and other animals.
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completeness | 3 | TSAR 2025 Shared Task on RCTS (British Council) | Spider venom is present in most species and serves the purpose of stunning or killing their prey rather than attacking humans.
In fact, only 25 of the known spider species produce venom which can actually harm humans, and although spider bites can be painful, they are rarely deadly.
Australia's notorious Sydney funnel-... | Most spiders have venom, but they use it to catch and kill insects, not to hurt people.
Very few spider types have venom that can seriously harm humans.
Spider bites can hurt, but they are usually not dangerous.
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completeness | 4 | TSAR 2025 Shared Task on RCTS (British Council) | In the 1950s, Central American commercial banana growers were facing the death of their most lucrative product, the Gros Michel banana, known as Big Mike.
And now it's happening again to Big Mike's successor – the Cavendish.
With its easily transported, thick-skinned and sweet-tasting fruit, the Gros Michel banana plan... | In the 1950s, banana farms in Central America had a big problem.
Their most valuable banana, called Gros Michel (or Big Mike), was dying.
Now, the same thing is happening to the Cavendish, which replaced Big Mike.
Gros Michel bananas were easy to ship, had thick skin, and tasted good.
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completeness | 5 | TSAR 2025 Shared Task on RCTS (British Council) | In 2010, the planetary defence team at NASA had identified and logged 90 per cent of the asteroids near Earth measuring 1km wide.
These 'near-Earth objects', or NEOs, are the size of mountains and include anything within 50 million kilometres of Earth's orbit.
With an estimated 50 left to log, NASA says none of the 887... | In 2010, NASA's team that protects Earth from space objects found and recorded information about most of the large asteroids that come near Earth.
These asteroids are called "near-Earth objects." They are very big, about the size of mountains, and are found within 50 million kilometers of Earth's path around the sun.
N... | [
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completeness | 6 | TSAR 2025 Shared Task on RCTS (British Council) | Cape Town can be a dangerous place for baboons.
Some have been injured or killed in car accidents and others have been electrocuted as they played with electric cables.
Baboons are an endangered species and to save them and minimise conflicts between humans and baboons, the city council has employed a team of Baboon Mo... | Cape Town can be unsafe for baboons.
Sometimes, baboons are hurt or die in car crashes or when they touch electric wires.
Baboons are rare animals, and we need to protect them.
Also, we want to reduce problems between people and baboons.
To do this, the city government has a team of people called Baboon Monitors.
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completeness | 7 | TSAR 2025 Shared Task on RCTS (British Council) | Many city residents in Berlin, Germany complained that shooting pigs was unnecessarily cruel and there were heated arguments between hunters and animal lovers.
In response to protests, the city council decided to take more peaceful action against pigs.
Instead of shooting them, they have put up fences and made it illeg... | Many people in Berlin, Germany, were upset that pigs were being killed.
Hunters and people who love animals argued about this.
To stop the arguments, the city government decided to try a different approach.
Now, they are building fences and it is against the law to give food to the pigs.
It is not clear if this will wo... | [
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completeness | 8 | TSAR 2025 Shared Task on RCTS (British Council) | In Britain, the average person spends more than £1,000 on new clothes a year, which is around four per cent of their income.
That might not sound like much, but that figure hides two far more worrying trends for society and for the environment.
First, a lot of that consumer spending is via credit cards.
British people ... | In Britain, people usually spend over £1,000 on new clothes each year – about 4% of their money.
This might not seem like a lot, but there are two important problems.
First, many people use credit cards to buy clothes.
British people owe about £670 per person to credit card companies, which is almost the same as the mo... | [
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completeness | 9 | TSAR 2025 Shared Task on RCTS (British Council) | The 'buy nothing' trend has now reached influencers on social media who usually share posts of clothing and make-up that they recommend for people to buy.
Some YouTube stars now encourage their viewers not to buy anything at all for periods as long as a year.
Two friends in Canada spent a year working towards buying on... | The "buy nothing" idea is becoming popular online.
Many social media influencers usually show products they want people to buy, like clothes and makeup.
Now, some YouTubers are telling their viewers not to buy anything for a whole year.
Two friends in Canada tried this for a year.
They decided to only buy food.
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completeness | 10 | TSAR 2025 Shared Task on RCTS (British Council) | Ed Stafford from the UK is the first person to walk the length of the Amazon River.
He started by a small stream in the Andes mountains of Peru and arrived at the river's mouth in Brazil, two years and four months later, having walked 6,000 kilometres.
The Amazon rainforest is home to poisonous snakes, crocodiles and j... | Ed Stafford, from the UK, was the first person to walk the entire length of the Amazon River.
He began his journey near a small stream in the Andes mountains of Peru.
After two years and four months, he reached the river's end in Brazil.
He walked about 6,000 kilometers.
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completeness | 11 | TSAR 2025 Shared Task on RCTS (British Council) | Now NASA is working towards logging some of the smaller asteroids, those measuring 140 metres wide or more.
Of the 25,000 estimated asteroids of this size, so far about 8,000 have been logged, leaving 17,000 unaccounted for.
Considering that a 19-metre asteroid that exploded above the city of Chelyabinsk in Russia in 2... | NASA is now trying to find and record smaller asteroids.
These asteroids are at least 140 meters (460 feet) across.
Scientists think there are about 25,000 asteroids of this size.
So far, they have found and recorded about 8,000.
This means there are still 17,000 that haven't been found.
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completeness | 12 | TSAR 2025 Shared Task on RCTS (British Council) | In the last two centuries, improvements in technology and health meant fewer children died young, fuelling rapid population growth.
These large families produced even more children who survived into adulthood and had their own children.
But with the wider availability of contraception in the 1960s, the global average n... | Over the past 200 years, technology and healthcare got better.
This helped more children live longer, so the population grew quickly.
Families had many children who grew up and had their own families.
However, when birth control became easier to get in the 1960s, women started having fewer babies.
Now, on average, wome... | [
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completeness | 13 | TSAR 2025 Shared Task on RCTS (British Council) | Erik Weihenmayer from the United States is a multi-adventurer.
He's ridden a bike through the deserts of Morocco, kayaked through the Grand Canyon and climbed Everest.
Amazingly, Erik has been blind since the age of 13.
Apart from his travels, he tries to encourage people with disabilities to live active lives and take... | Erik Weihenmayer is an American adventurer.
He has done many exciting things, like riding a bike across deserts, kayaking down a river, and climbing the highest mountain in the world, Mount Everest.
Erik has been blind since he was 13 years old.
He also wants to help people with disabilities live full and active lives.... | [
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completeness | 14 | TSAR 2025 Shared Task on RCTS (British Council) | Democratised online platforms are providing a chance for people to make a quick buck or two.
To give an example, busy parents previously might not have bothered with setting up a stall at the local market or car boot sale to sell their children's old equipment, but with online marketplaces, parents are now able to sell... | Online platforms now make it easier for people to earn some money.
For example, parents who were too busy to sell their children’s old things at a market can now do it online.
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completeness | 15 | TSAR 2025 Shared Task on RCTS (British Council) | The majority of people believe that developing countries are in a terrible situation: suffering from incredible poverty, governed by dictators and with little hope for any meaningful change.
But, surprisingly, this is far from the truth.
The reality is that a great transformation is occurring.
Over the past 20 years, m... | Many people think developing countries face serious problems like poverty and bad governments, and that things won't improve.
However, this is not completely true.
Actually, big changes are happening.
In the last 20 years, over 700 million people have earned more money and escaped poverty.
Also, 6 million more children... | [
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completeness | 16 | TSAR 2025 Shared Task on RCTS (British Council) | Lewis would like to see the number of marine protected areas in the world increase from 3 per cent to 10 per cent in an attempt to reverse the damage caused by human activity such as overfishing, polluting and littering.
During his expeditions, Lewis has witnessed this environmental destruction first-hand.
He's swum ov... | Lewis wants more areas of the ocean to be protected.
Currently, only 3% of the ocean is protected, and he thinks it should be 10%.
He hopes this will help fix problems caused by people, like catching too many fish, polluting the water, and dropping litter.
Lewis has seen these problems himself while exploring the ocean... | [
"Lewis would like to see the number of marine protected areas in the world increase.",
"The current percentage of marine protected areas in the world is 3 per cent.",
"Lewis would like the percentage of marine protected areas to increase to 10 per cent.",
"The increase in marine protected areas is an attempt ... | gemma-3-12b-it | 100 | [
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"Connected",
"... |
completeness | 17 | TSAR 2025 Shared Task on RCTS (British Council) | The Scallion is printed weekly and distributed free in faculty buildings, with a readership of approximately 10,000 students.
It is written and produced entirely by students.
The survey shows that the newspaper is highly valued by university students and staff for entertainment, cultural enrichment and work experience.... | The Scallion is a newspaper published once a week.
It is free and available in university buildings.
About 10,000 students read it.
Students write and create the newspaper themselves.
A recent study found that students and teachers like the newspaper for fun, learning about culture, and gaining work skills.
However, pr... | [
"The Scallion is printed weekly.",
"The Scallion is distributed free in faculty buildings.",
"The Scallion has a readership of approximately 10,000 students.",
"The Scallion is written entirely by students.",
"The Scallion is produced entirely by students.",
"The survey shows that the newspaper is highly ... | gemma-3-12b-it | 100 | [
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"Connected",
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"good deletion"
] |
completeness | 18 | TSAR 2025 Shared Task on RCTS (British Council) | It is society, not nature, that tells us girls should favour arts and humanities and leave maths and physics to the boys.
Coupled with this is the lack of positive female role models youngsters see doing science-related jobs.
Cartoons and stories often show the crazy scientist, genius inventor, or adventurous astronaut... | Society, not nature, teaches girls that they should like art and writing more than math and science.
Boys are often told to study math and science.
Also, young people don't see many women working in science jobs.
Movies and stories often show scientists as men – sometimes funny, very smart, or brave explorers.
Many peo... | [
"Society tells girls to favour arts and humanities.",
"Society tells girls to leave maths and physics to boys.",
"Nature does not tell girls to favour arts and humanities.",
"Nature does not tell girls to leave maths and physics to boys.",
"There is a lack of positive female role models in science-related j... | gemma-3-12b-it | 100 | [
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"Connected",
"Connected",
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"Connected",
"Connected",
"Connected",
"Connected",
"Connected",
"Connected",
"Connected",
"Connected",
"Connected",
"Connected",
"Connected",
"Connected",
"... |
End of preview. Expand in Data Studio
M2PRESERVEEVAL Dataset
The dataset contains instance-level annotations for evaluating meaning preservation in text simplification using the M2PRESERVE framework. Each instance includes an original text, a simplified output, extracted key facts, alignment decisions, fine-grained annotation labels, and a final score.
The dataset is organised into two JSONL files:
M2PreserveEval_Completeness.jsonl
M2PreserveEval_faithfulness.jsonl
Each JSONL line represents one annotated instance.
Dataset Format
Each instance follows this structure:
{
"dimension": "completeness",
"instanceidx": 0,
"sourceName": "TSAR 2025 Shared Task on RCTS (British Council)",
"source": "...",
"simplified": "...",
"keyFacts": ["..."],
"System_Name": "gemini-2.0-flash",
"score": 100,
"Alignment": [1, 1, 1],
"Labels": ["Connected", "Connected", "Connected"]
}
Fields
| Field | Description |
|---|---|
dimension |
Evaluation dimension, either completeness or faithfulness. |
instanceidx |
Instance index. |
sourceName |
Name of the source dataset from which the original text was sampled. |
source |
Original input text. |
simplified |
Simplified text. |
keyFacts |
Atomic key facts extracted from the text. In completeness, they are extracted from the original text; in faithfulness, they are extracted from the simplified text. |
System_Name |
Name of the simplification model. |
score |
Final score for the evaluated dimension. |
Alignment |
Binary alignment values for the key facts. |
Labels |
Fine-grained labels for each key fact. Completeness labels include Connected, good deletion, bad deletion, and Wrong Key Fact; faithfulness labels include Connected, elaboration, factual error, and Wrong Key Fact. |
Source Datasets
The instances are sampled from the following sources:
cambridge_exams_enelg_cefr_enOneStopEnglish corpusTSAR 2025 Shared Task on RCTS (British Council)
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