title stringlengths 3 59 | pageid int64 569 75.6M | text_chars int64 776 193k | text_preview stringlengths 776 1k |
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Universal_Studios | 75,554,579 | 776 | Universal Studios may refer to:
Universal Pictures, an American film studio
Universal Studios Lot, a film and television studio complex in Universal City, California
Universal Filmed Entertainment Group, its parent company
Various theme parks operated by Universal Destinations & Experiences:
Universal Studios Hollywoo... |
Asphalt | 15,405,789 | 909 | Asphalt most often refers to:
Bitumen, also known as "liquid asphalt cement" or simply "asphalt", a viscous form of petroleum mainly used as a binder in asphalt concrete
Asphalt concrete, a mixture of bitumen with coarse and fine aggregates, used as a road surface
Tarmac, the road-surfacing material informally known a... |
Web_browser | 33,173 | 10,435 | A web browser, often abbreviated as browser, is an application for accessing websites. When a user requests a web page from a particular website, the browser retrieves its files from a web server and then displays the page on the user's screen. Browsers can also display content stored locally on the user's device.
Brow... |
Aspirated_consonant | 3,134 | 12,560 | In phonetics, aspiration is a strong burst of breath that accompanies either the release or, in the case of preaspiration, the closure of some obstruents. In English, aspirated consonants are allophones in complementary distribution with their unaspirated counterparts, but in some other languages, notably most North Am... |
United_Nations_Population_Fund | 63,952 | 14,375 | The United Nations Population Fund (UNFPA) is a UN agency aimed at improving reproductive and maternal health worldwide. Its work includes developing national healthcare strategies and protocols, increasing access to birth control, and leading campaigns against child marriage, gender-based violence, obstetric fistula, ... |
Grape | 12,436 | 14,978 | A grape is a fruit, botanically a berry, of the deciduous woody vines of the flowering plant genus Vitis. Grapes are a non-climacteric type of fruit, generally occurring in clusters.
The cultivation of grapes began approximately 8,000 years ago, and the fruit has been used as human food throughout its history. Eaten fr... |
Digimon | 8,835 | 15,753 | Digimon (Japanese: デジモン, Hepburn: Dejimon; branded as Digimon: Digital Monsters), short for "Digital Monsters" (デジタルモンスター Dejitaru Monsutā), is a Japanese media franchise, which encompasses virtual pet toys, anime, manga, video games, films, and a trading card game. The franchise focuses on the eponymous creatures who ... |
Estonian_language | 10,223 | 15,949 | Estonian (eesti keel [ˈeːsʲti ˈkeːl] ) is a Uralic language, and is the official language of Estonia. Today, it is written using the Latin alphabet and is the first language of the majority of the country's population; it is also an official language of the European Union. Estonian is spoken natively by about 1.1 milli... |
Human_Development_Index | 261,460 | 16,394 | The Human Development Index (HDI) is a statistical composite index of life expectancy, education (mean years of schooling completed and expected years of schooling upon entering the education system), and per capita income indicators, which is used to rank countries into four tiers of human development. A country score... |
Iranian_languages | 3,402,027 | 16,468 | The Iranian languages, or Iranic languages, are a branch of the Indo-Iranian languages in the Indo-European language family that are spoken natively by the Iranian peoples, mainly in the Iranian Plateau.
The Iranian languages are grouped in three stages: Old Iranian (until 400 BCE), Middle Iranian (400 BCE – 900 CE) an... |
Pitch_(music) | 77,933 | 16,534 | Pitch is the quality that makes it possible to judge sounds as "higher" and "lower" in the sense associated with musical melodies. Pitch is a perceptual property that allows sounds to be ordered on a frequency-related scale.
Pitch is a major auditory attribute of musical tones, along with duration, loudness, and timbr... |
Canon_law | 6,469 | 16,552 | Canon law is a set of ordinances and regulations made by ecclesiastical authority (church leadership) for the government of a Christian organization or church and its members.
Canon law includes the internal ecclesiastical law, or operational policy, governing the Catholic Church (both the Latin Church and the Eastern ... |
Internet_service_provider | 100,245 | 16,636 | An Internet service provider (ISP) is an organization that provides a myriad of services related to accessing, using, managing, or participating in the Internet. ISPs can be organized in various forms, such as commercial, community-owned, non-profit, or otherwise privately owned.
Internet services typically provided by... |
Immunology | 14,959 | 17,123 | Immunology is a branch of biology and medicine that covers the study of immune systems in all organisms.
Immunology charts, measures, and contextualizes the physiological functioning of the immune system in states of both health and diseases; malfunctions of the immune system in immunological disorders (such as autoimm... |
Nonprofit_organization | 72,487 | 17,587 | A nonprofit organization (NPO) (also spelled non-profit organisation in British English) also known as a non-business entity, nonprofit institution, not-for-profit organization (NFPO), or simply nonprofit, is a non-governmental entity that operates for a collective, public, or social benefit, rather than to generate pr... |
Communications_in_Somalia | 27,363 | 17,619 | Communications in Somalia include telecommunications, internet, radio, print, TV, and postal services, largely driven by the private sector. Some telecom companies have expanded internationally. The federal government runs two official radio and TV networks, alongside private and foreign outlets. As internet access gro... |
Paper | 16,861,908 | 18,113 | Paper is a thin sheet of matted cellulose fibers. Largely derived from lignocellulose, paper is created from a pulp dissolved into a slurry that is drained and dried into sheets. Different types of paper are defined by constituent fiber, paper pulp, sizing, coating, paper size, paper density and grammage.
The papermaki... |
Flowering_plant | 18,967 | 18,683 | Flowering plants are plants that bear flowers and fruits, and form the clade Angiospermae (). The term angiosperm is derived from the Greek words ἀγγεῖον (angeion; 'container, vessel') and σπέρμα (sperma; 'seed'), meaning that the seeds are enclosed within a fruit. The group was formerly called Magnoliophyta.
Angiosper... |
Mesozoic | 19,322 | 18,765 | The Mesozoic Era is an era of Earth's geological history, lasting from about 252 to 66 million years ago, comprising the Triassic, Jurassic and Cretaceous Periods. It is characterized by the dominance of archosaurian reptiles such as the dinosaurs, and of gymnosperms such as cycads, ginkgoaceae and araucarian conifers;... |
Symbiosis | 39,626 | 19,118 | Symbiosis (pl.: symbioses) is any close and long-term biological interaction between two organisms of different species. In 1879, Heinrich Anton de Bary defined symbiosis as "the living together of unlike organisms". The term is sometimes more exclusively used in a restricted, mutualistic sense, where both symbionts co... |
Phonology | 23,247 | 19,282 | Phonology (formerly also phonemics or phonematics) is the branch of linguistics that concerns how languages organize the foundational elements that make their words. In spoken languages, these are phonemes like vowel and consonant sounds that affect meaning. Examples of this effect can be found in comparisons of Englis... |
Christian | 18,337,522 | 19,346 | A Christian ( ) is a person who follows or adheres to Christianity, a monotheistic Abrahamic religion based on the life and teachings of Jesus Christ. Christians form the largest religious community in the world. The words Christ and Christian derive from the Koine Greek title Christós (Χριστός), a translation of the B... |
Immaculate_Conception | 15,256 | 20,001 | The Immaculate Conception is the doctrine that the Virgin Mary was free of original sin from the moment of her conception. It is one of the four Marian dogmas of the Catholic Church. Debated by medieval theologians, it was not defined as a dogma until 1854, by Pope Pius IX in the papal bull Ineffabilis Deus. While the ... |
Sony_Music_Entertainment | 1,071,662 | 20,124 | Sony Music Entertainment (SME), commonly known as Sony Music, is an American, Japanese-owned, multinational music company owned by Sony Group Corporation. It is the recording division of Sony Music Group, with the other half being the publishing division, Sony Music Publishing.
Founded in 1929 as American Record Corpor... |
BeiDou_Navigation_Satellite_System | 358,970 | 20,191 | The BeiDou Navigation Satellite System (BDS; Chinese: 北斗卫星导航系统; pinyin: běidǒu wèixīng dǎoháng xìtǒng) is a satellite-based radio navigation system owned and operated by the China National Space Administration. It provides geolocation and time information to a BDS receiver anywhere on or near the Earth where there is a... |
Department_store | 249,171 | 20,423 | A department store is a retail establishment offering a wide range of consumer goods in different areas of the store under one roof, each area ("department") specializing in a product category. In modern major cities, department stores emerged in the mid-19th century, reshaping shopping habits and the definition of se... |
Comprehensive_school | 699,350 | 20,518 | A comprehensive school is a secondary school for pupils aged 11–16 or 11–18 that does not select its intake on the basis of academic achievement or aptitude. This is as opposed to a selective school, where admission is based on criteria such as academic performance. The term is commonly used in relation to England and ... |
Nutrition | 21,525 | 21,002 | Nutrition is the biochemical and physiological process by which an organism uses food and water to support its life. The intake of these substances provides organisms with nutrients (divided into macro- and micro-) which can be metabolized to create energy and chemical structures; too much or too little of an essential... |
Heresy | 20,611,083 | 21,067 | Heresy is any belief or theory that is strongly at variance with established beliefs or customs, particularly the accepted beliefs or religious law of a religious organization. A heretic is a proponent of a heresy.
Heresy in Judaism, Christianity, and Islam has at times been met with censure ranging from excommunicatio... |
Southern_Europe | 410,666 | 21,656 | Southern Europe is a loosely defined region of Europe. It is also known as Mediterranean Europe, as its geography is marked by the Mediterranean Sea. Southern Europe is focused on the three peninsulas located in the extreme south of the European continent. These are the Iberian Peninsula, the Italian Peninsula, and the... |
Georgian_architecture | 12,924 | 21,735 | Georgian architecture is the name given in most English-speaking countries to the set of architectural styles current between 1714 and 1830. It is named after the first four British monarchs of the House of Hanover, George I, George II, George III, and George IV, who reigned in continuous succession from August 1714 to... |
Genome | 12,388 | 22,015 | In the fields of molecular biology and genetics, a genome is all the genetic information of an organism. It consists of nucleotide sequences of DNA (or RNA in RNA viruses). The nuclear genome includes protein-coding genes and non-coding genes, other functional regions of the genome such as regulatory sequences (see non... |
Ministry_of_Defence_(United_Kingdom) | 203,793 | 22,530 | The Ministry of Defence (MOD or MoD) is a ministerial department of the Government of the United Kingdom. It is responsible for implementing the defence policy set by the government and serves as the headquarters of the British Armed Forces.
Its principal objectives are to defend the United Kingdom of Great Britain and... |
Materialism | 19,376 | 22,796 | In philosophy and metaphysics, materialism is a form of monism holding that matter is the fundamental substance of nature, so that all things, including mind and consciousness, arise from material interactions and depend on physical processes, including those of the human brain and nervous system. It contrasts with mon... |
Hunter-gatherer | 210,098 | 24,184 | A hunter-gatherer or forager is a human living in a community (or according to an ancestrally derived lifestyle) in which most or all food is obtained by procuring naturally occurring edible items from the local wildlife and vegetation via hunting, fishing and/or gathering fruits, seeds and other plant parts (collectiv... |
Compact_disc | 6,429 | 24,309 | The compact disc (CD) is a digital optical disc data storage format co-developed by Philips and Sony to store and play digital audio recordings. It employs the Compact Disc Digital Audio (CD-DA) standard and is capable of holding uncompressed stereo audio. First released in Japan in October 1982, the CD was the second ... |
Germans | 152,735 | 24,398 | Germans (German: Deutsche) are the natives or inhabitants of Germany, or sometimes more broadly any people who are of German descent or native speakers of the German language. The constitution of Germany, implemented in 1949 following the end of World War II, defines a German as a German citizen. During the 19th and mu... |
BBC_Television | 352,308 | 24,451 | BBC Television is the television service of the BBC. The corporation has operated a public broadcast television service in the United Kingdom, under the terms of a royal charter, since 1 January 1927. It produced television programmes from its own studios from 1932, although the start of its regular service of televisi... |
Modern_history | 4,399,619 | 24,575 | The modern era or the modern period is considered the current historical period of human history. It was originally applied to the history of Europe and Western history for events that came after the classical antiquity and the Middle Ages, often from around the year 1500, like the Reformation's giving rise to Protesta... |
Wayback_Machine | 23,538,754 | 24,880 | The Wayback Machine is a digital archive of the World Wide Web founded by the Internet Archive, an American nonprofit organization based in San Francisco, California. Launched for public access in 2001, the service allows users to go "back in time" to see how websites looked in the past. Founders Brewster Kahle and Bru... |
Exhibition_game | 977,090 | 24,988 | An exhibition game (also known as a friendly, scrimmage, demonstration, training match, pre-season game, warmup match, or preparation match, depending at least in part on the sport) is a sporting event whose prize money and impact on the player's or the team's rankings are either zero or otherwise greatly reduced. Exhi... |
Southern_California | 62,520 | 25,017 | Southern California (commonly shortened to SoCal) is a geographic and cultural region that generally comprises the southern portion of the U.S. state of California. Its densely populated coastal region includes Greater Los Angeles (the second-most populous urban agglomeration in the United States) and San Diego County ... |
Great_power | 372,836 | 25,191 | A great power is a sovereign state that is recognized as having the ability and expertise to exert its influence on a global scale. Great powers characteristically possess military and economic strength, as well as diplomatic and soft power influence, which may cause middle or small powers to consider the great powers'... |
Republic_of_the_Congo | 19,599,929 | 25,516 | The Republic of the Congo, also known as Congo-Brazzaville, the Congo Republic or simply Congo, is a country located on the western coast of Central Africa to the west of the Congo River. It is bordered to the west by Gabon, to the northwest by Cameroon, to the northeast by the Central African Republic, to the southeas... |
Federalism | 11,542 | 25,904 | Federalism is a mode of government that combines a general level of government (a central or federal government) with a regional level of sub-unit governments (e.g., counties, provinces, states, cantons, territories, etc.), while dividing the powers of governing between the two levels of governments.
Johannes Althusiu... |
Separation_of_powers_under_the_United_States_Constitution | 738,686 | 26,644 | Separation of powers is a political doctrine originating in the writings of Charles de Secondat, Baron de Montesquieu in The Spirit of the Laws, in which he argued for a constitutional government with three separate branches, each of which would have defined authority to check the powers of the others. This philosophy ... |
University_of_Kansas | 163,327 | 26,662 | The University of Kansas (KU) is a public research university with its main campus in Lawrence, Kansas, United States. It is governed by the Kansas Board of Regents. Two branch campuses are in the Kansas City metropolitan area on the Kansas side: the university's medical school and hospital in Kansas City, Kansas; an... |
Slavs | 29,440 | 26,902 | The Slavs or Slavic people are groups of people who speak Slavic languages. Slavs are geographically distributed throughout regions of Eurasia; they predominantly inhabit Central Europe, Eastern Europe, Southeastern Europe, and Northern Asia, though there is a large Slavic minority scattered across the Baltic states an... |
Identity_(social_science) | 880,112 | 26,908 | Identity is the set of qualities, beliefs, personality traits, appearance, or expressions that characterize a person or a group.
Identity emerges during childhood as children start to comprehend their self-concept, and it remains a consistent aspect throughout different stages of life. Identity is shaped by social and ... |
Digestion | 165,423 | 27,258 | Digestion is the breakdown of large insoluble food compounds into small water-soluble components so that they can be absorbed into the blood plasma. In certain organisms, these smaller substances are absorbed through the small intestine into the blood stream. Digestion is a form of catabolism that is often divided into... |
Poultry | 23,197 | 27,353 | Poultry () are domesticated birds kept by humans for the purpose of harvesting animal products such as meat, eggs or feathers. The practice of raising poultry is known as poultry farming. These birds are most typically members of the superorder Galloanserae (fowl), especially the order Galliformes (which includes chick... |
National_Archives_and_Records_Administration | 70,667 | 27,573 | The National Archives and Records Administration (NARA) is an independent agency of the United States federal government within the executive branch, charged with the preservation and documentation of government and historical records. It is also tasked with increasing public access to those documents that make up the ... |
Imamah_(Shia_doctrine) | 429,985 | 27,655 | Imamate, or Imamah (Arabic: إمامة), is a central doctrine in Shia Islam. It refers to the religious and spiritual leadership of the Muslim community after the death of the Islamic prophet Muhammad. Shia Muslims hold that Muhammad designated his cousin and son-in-law Ali as his successor, and that divine guidance contin... |
Packet_switching | 43,339 | 27,940 | In telecommunications, packet switching is a method of grouping data into short messages in fixed format, i.e., packets, that are transmitted over a telecommunications network. Packets consist of a header and a payload. The header directs the packet to its destination, where the payload is extracted and used by an oper... |
Warsaw_Pact | 33,622 | 28,075 | The Warsaw Pact (WP), formally the Treaty of Friendship, Cooperation and Mutual Assistance (TFCMA), was a collective defence treaty signed in Warsaw, Poland, between the Soviet Union and seven other Eastern Bloc socialist republics in Central and Eastern Europe in May 1955, during the Cold War. The term "Warsaw Pact" c... |
Geography_of_the_United_States | 32,019 | 28,105 | The term "United States", when used in the geographic sense, refers to the contiguous United States (sometimes referred to as the Lower 48, including the District of Columbia not as a state), Alaska, Hawaii, the five insular territories of Puerto Rico, Northern Mariana Islands, U.S. Virgin Islands, Guam, American Samoa... |
Planck_constant | 19,594,213 | 28,296 | The Planck constant, or Planck's constant, denoted by
h
{\displaystyle h}
, is a fundamental physical constant of foundational importance in quantum mechanics: a photon's energy is equal to its frequency multiplied by the Planck constant, and a particle's momentum is equal to ... |
England_national_football_team | 9,904 | 28,678 | The England national football team have represented England in men's international football since the first international match in 1872. They are governed by The Football Association (FA), the governing body for football in England, which is affiliated with UEFA and FIFA. England competes in three major international t... |
Comics | 145,443 | 28,755 | Comics is a medium used to express ideas with images, often combined with text or other visual information. It typically takes the form of a sequence of panels of images. Textual devices such as speech balloons, captions, and onomatopoeia can indicate dialogue, narration, sound effects, or other information. There is n... |
Animal | 11,039,790 | 28,818 | Animals are multicellular, eukaryotic organisms belonging to the biological kingdom Animalia (). Animals consume organic material, breathe oxygen, have muscle cells, can reproduce sexually, and grow from a hollow sphere of cells, the blastula, during embryonic development. With few exceptions, animals are able to move.... |
George_VI | 46,755 | 29,228 | George VI (Albert Frederick Arthur George; 14 December 1895 – 6 February 1952) was King of the United Kingdom and the Dominions of the British Commonwealth from 11 December 1936 until his death in 1952. He was also the last Emperor of India from 1936 until the British Raj was dissolved in August 1947, though the title ... |
Order_of_the_British_Empire | 212,182 | 29,573 | The Most Excellent Order of the British Empire is a British order of chivalry, rewarding valuable service in a wide range of useful activities. It comprises five classes of awards across both civil and military divisions, the most senior two of which make the recipient either a knight if male or a dame if female.
The ... |
Royal_Institute_of_British_Architects | 750,724 | 29,643 | The Royal Institute of British Architects (RIBA) is a professional body for architects primarily in the United Kingdom, but also internationally, founded for the advancement of architecture under its royal charter granted in 1837, three supplemental charters and a new charter granted in 1971.
Founded as the Institute o... |
Philosophy_of_space_and_time | 655,002 | 29,675 | The philosophy of space and time is a branch of philosophy concerned with ideas about knowledge and understanding within space and time. Such ideas have been central to philosophy from its inception.
The philosophy of space and time was both an inspiration for and a central aspect of early analytic philosophy. The subj... |
Alloy | 1,187 | 29,945 | An alloy is a mixture of chemical elements of which in most cases at least one is a metallic element, although the word is also sometimes used for mixtures of elements; herein only metallic alloys are described. Metallic alloys often have properties that differ from those of the pure elements from which they are made. ... |
Heian_period | 154,723 | 30,070 | The Heian period (平安時代, Heian jidai) is the last division of classical Japanese history, running from 794 to 1185. It followed the Nara period, beginning when the 50th emperor, Emperor Kammu, moved the capital of Japan to Heian-kyō (modern Kyoto). Heian (平安) means 'peace' in Japanese. It is a period in Japanese history... |
A_cappella | 2,411 | 30,736 | Music performed a cappella ( AH kə-PEL-ə, UK also AK ə-PEL-ə; Italian: [a kkapˈpɛlla]; lit. 'in [the style of] the chapel'), less commonly spelled a capella in English, is music performed by a singer or a singing group without any instrumental accompaniment. The term a cappella was originally intended to differentiate... |
Buckingham_Palace | 3,969 | 30,922 | Buckingham Palace (UK: ) is a royal residence and the administrative headquarters of the monarch of the United Kingdom in London, England. Located in the City of Westminster, the palace is often at the centre of state occasions and royal hospitality. It has been a focal point for the British people at times of national... |
The_Legend_of_Zelda:_Twilight_Princess | 1,610,197 | 31,213 | The Legend of Zelda: Twilight Princess is a 2006 action-adventure game developed and published by Nintendo for the GameCube and Wii. Originally planned for release exclusively on the GameCube in November 2005, Nintendo delayed the release to refine the game, add more content, and port it to the Wii. The Wii version was... |
Clothing | 38,180 | 31,553 | Clothing (also known as clothes, garments, dress, apparel, or attire) consists of items worn on the body. Clothing is typically made from textiles but may also be made from animal skins, furs, and other natural materials and synthetic fibres. Clothing is a feature of every known human society, and its form and use vary... |
Prime_minister | 24,109 | 31,855 | A prime minister, also known as a chief of cabinet, chief minister, first minister, minister-president or premier, is the head of the cabinet and the leader of the ministers in the executive branch of government, often in a parliamentary or semi-presidential system. A prime minister is not the head of state, but rather... |
Federal_Aviation_Administration | 11,186 | 31,945 | The Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) is a U.S. federal government agency within the U.S. Department of Transportation that regulates civil aviation in the United States and surrounding international waters. Its powers include air traffic control, certification of personnel and aircraft, setting standards for airpo... |
Gregorian_calendar | 23,306,251 | 32,171 | The Gregorian calendar is the calendar used in most parts of the world. It went into effect in October 1582 following the papal bull Inter gravissimas issued by Pope Gregory XIII, which introduced it as a modification of, and replacement for, the Julian calendar. The principal change was to space leap years slightly di... |
Geological_history_of_Earth | 11,603,215 | 32,219 | The geological history of Earth follows the major geological events in Earth's past based on the geologic time scale, a system of chronological measurement based on the study of the planet's rock layers (stratigraphy). Earth formed approximately 4.54 billion years ago through accretion from the solar nebula, a disk-sha... |
Literature | 18,963,870 | 32,630 | Literature is any collection of written work. The term is also used more narrowly for writings considered an art form, especially novels, plays, and poems. It includes both print and digital writing. In recent centuries, the definition has expanded to include oral literature, much of which has been transcribed. Literat... |
Culture | 19,159,508 | 32,889 | Culture ( KUL-chər or KUUL-chər) is a concept that encompasses the social behavior, institutions, and norms found in human societies, as well as the knowledge, beliefs, arts, laws, customs, capabilities, attitudes, and habits of the individuals in these groups. Culture often originates from or is attributed to a speci... |
Virgil | 32,359 | 33,289 | Publius Vergilius Maro (Classical Latin: [ˈpuːbliʊs wɛrˈɡɪliʊs ˈmaroː]; 15 October 70 BC – 21 September 19 BC), usually called Virgil or Vergil ( VUR-jil) in English, was an ancient Roman poet of the Augustan period. He composed three of the most famous poems in Latin literature: the Eclogues (or Bucolics), the Georgic... |
Empiricism | 10,174 | 33,379 | In philosophy, empiricism is an epistemological view which holds that true knowledge or justification comes either only or primarily from sensory experience and empirical evidence. It is one of several competing views within epistemology, along with rationalism and skepticism. Empiricists argue that empiricism is a mor... |
Punjab,_Pakistan | 24,751 | 33,382 | Punjab is a province of Pakistan. With a population of over 127 million, it is the most populous Pakistani province and the second most populous subnational polity in the world. Located in the central-eastern region of the country, it has the largest economy, contributing the most to national GDP in Pakistan. Lahore is... |
Turner_Classic_Movies | 925,736 | 33,503 | Turner Classic Movies (TCM) is an American movie-oriented pay television channel owned by Warner Bros. Discovery. Launched on April 14, 1994, it is headquartered at Turner's Techwood broadcasting campus in the Midtown business district of Atlanta, Georgia.
The channel's programming consists mainly of classic theatrical... |
Diarrhea | 53,951 | 33,620 | Diarrhea (American English), also spelled diarrhoea (British English), is the condition of having at least three loose, liquid, or watery bowel movements in a day. It often lasts for a few days and can result in dehydration due to fluid loss. Signs of dehydration often begin with loss of the normal stretchiness of the ... |
Data_compression | 8,013 | 33,650 | In information theory, data compression, source coding, or bit-rate reduction is the process of encoding information using fewer bits than the original representation. Any particular compression is either lossy or lossless. Lossless compression reduces bits by identifying and eliminating statistical redundancy. No info... |
Genocide | 12,441 | 34,122 | Genocide is the partial or total destruction of a human group, committed intentionally. The popular view conceives of genocide as the large-scale killing of individuals, but in scholarly and legal fields, genocide occurs when the group itself is targeted. Acts of genocide include killing as well as non-lethal acts such... |
Neolithic | 21,189 | 34,330 | The Neolithic (from Greek νέος néos 'new' and λίθος líthos 'stone'), or New Stone Age, is an archaeological period, the final division of the Stone Age in Asia, Europe and Africa (c. 10,000 BC to c. 2,000 BC). It saw the Neolithic Revolution, a wide-ranging set of developments that appear to have arisen independently i... |
Architecture | 21,296,224 | 34,582 | Architecture is the study and practice of designing structures, especially habitable ones. It utilizes civil engineering techniques, but is considered a visual art. It is both the process and the product of sketching, conceiving, planning, designing, and constructing buildings or other structures. The term comes from L... |
Mandolin | 18,888 | 34,680 | A mandolin (Italian: mandolino, pronounced [mandoˈliːno]; literally "small mandola") is a stringed musical instrument in the lute family and is generally plucked with a pick. It most commonly has four courses of doubled strings tuned in unison, thus giving a total of eight strings. A variety of string types are used, w... |
ASCII | 586 | 34,762 | ASCII ( ASS-kee), an acronym for American Standard Code for Information Interchange, is a character encoding standard for representing a particular set of 95 (English-language–focused) printable and 33 control characters – a total of 128 code points. The set of available punctuation had significant impact on the synt... |
Race_and_ethnicity_in_the_United_States_Census | 273,285 | 34,826 | In the United States census, the U.S. Census Bureau and the Office of Management and Budget (OMB) define a set of self-identified categories of race and ethnicity chosen by residents, with which they most closely identify. Residents can indicate their origins alongside their race, and are asked specifically whether the... |
Solar_energy | 27,743 | 35,252 | Solar energy is the radiant energy from the Sun's light and heat, which can be harnessed using a range of technologies such as solar electricity, solar thermal energy (including solar water heating) and solar architecture. It is an essential source of renewable energy, and its technologies are broadly characterized as ... |
New_Delhi | 51,585 | 35,262 | New Delhi is a city and the capital city of India and a part of the National Capital Territory of Delhi (NCT). New Delhi is the seat of all three branches of the Government of India, hosting the Rashtrapati Bhavan (Presidential Palace), Sansad Bhavan (Parliament House), and the Supreme Court. New Delhi is a municipalit... |
Beer | 3,363 | 35,295 | Beer is an alcoholic beverage produced by the brewing and fermentation of starches from cereal grain—most commonly malted barley, although wheat, maize, rice, and oats are also used. The grain is mashed to convert starch in the grain to sugars, which dissolve in water to form wort. Fermentation of the wort by yeast pro... |
Hard_rock | 124,802 | 35,435 | Hard rock or heavy rock is a heavier subgenre of rock music typified by vocals and electric guitars that are aggressive and distorted relative to traditional rock music. Hard rock began in the mid-1960s with the garage, psychedelic, and blues rock movements. Some of the earliest hard rock music was produced by the Kink... |
Printed_circuit_board | 65,910 | 35,469 | A printed circuit board (PCB), also known as a printed wiring board (PWB), is a laminated sandwich structure of conductive and insulating layers, each with a pattern of traces, planes and other features (similar to wires on a flat surface) etched from one or more sheet layers of copper laminated onto or between sheet l... |
CBC_Television | 1,288,819 | 35,485 | CBC Television (also known as CBC TV, or simply CBC) is a Canadian English-language broadcast television network owned by the Canadian Broadcasting Corporation, the national public broadcaster. The network began operations on September 6, 1952, with its main studios at the Canadian Broadcasting Centre in Toronto. Its F... |
Super_Nintendo_Entertainment_System | 28,314 | 35,545 | The Super Nintendo Entertainment System (Super NES or SNES) is a home video game console developed and marketed by Nintendo. It was released as the Super Famicom (SFC) in Japan on November 21, 1990, as the Super NES in North America on August 23, 1991, and internationally throughout 1992. It was Nintendo's second progr... |
The_Times | 39,127 | 35,683 | The Times is a British daily national newspaper based in London. It began in 1785 under the title The Daily Universal Register, adopting its modern name on 1 January 1788. The Times and its sister paper, The Sunday Times (founded in 1821), are published by Times Media, since 1981 a subsidiary of News UK, in turn wholly... |
Imperial_College_London | 61,116 | 35,885 | The Imperial College of Science, Technology and Medicine, known by its trade names Imperial College London and Imperial, is a public research university in London, England. Its history began with Prince Albert, husband of Queen Victoria, who envisioned South Kensington as a cultural district with museums, colleges, and... |
Glass | 12,581 | 36,059 | Glass is an amorphous (non-crystalline) solid. Because it is often transparent and chemically inert, glass has found widespread practical, technological, and decorative use in window panes, tableware, and optics. Some common objects made of glass are named after the material, e.g., a "glass" for drinking, "glasses" for... |
Utrecht | 50,333 | 36,071 | Utrecht ( YOO-trekt; Dutch: [ˈytrɛxt] ; Utrecht dialect: Ut(e)reg [ˈyt(ə)ʁɛχ]) is the fourth-largest city of the Netherlands, as well as the capital and the most populous city of the province of Utrecht. The municipality of Utrecht is located in the eastern part of the Randstad conurbation, in the very centre of mainla... |
Construction | 239,038 | 36,120 | Construction is the process involved in delivering buildings, infrastructure, industrial facilities, and associated activities through to the end of their life. It typically starts with planning, financing, and design that continues until the asset is built and ready for use. Construction also covers repairs and mainte... |
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SQuAD 2.0 Closed Wikipedia Corpus v1
Full plaintext for 452 Wikipedia articles drawn from the SQuAD 2.0 source corpus (477 unique articles total; 25 dev articles held back for grading).
Dataset configs
| Config | File | Use |
|---|---|---|
default |
train.parquet |
Dataset Viewer — title, pageid, text length, 1000-char preview |
full |
corpus_v1.parquet |
Full article text via load_dataset(..., name="full") |
| — | corpus_v1.jsonl |
Pinned release file for offset validation (download directly) |
The viewer uses default because full Wikipedia articles (up to ~190k chars each) exceed Hugging Face's preview size limit.
Checksum (JSONL)
SHA256: 35c4f9c0a19796654b9db99a280bf7c287895bb8879f7e4715ba75cc2a0ed3b7
Load
Browse in viewer: open the Dataset Viewer tab (uses default config).
Full text for RAG / validation:
from datasets import load_dataset
ds = load_dataset("bbasavar/squad-v2-closed-corpus-v1", name="full", split="train")
print(ds[0]["title"], len(ds[0]["text"]))
Download pinned JSONL:
from huggingface_hub import hf_hub_download
path = hf_hub_download(
repo_id="bbasavar/squad-v2-closed-corpus-v1",
filename="corpus_v1.jsonl",
repo_type="dataset",
)
Source
Built from rajpurkar/squad_v2 article titles, fetched from the English Wikipedia API and frozen as corpus_v1.
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