Datasets:

archon159
/

LegalReasoningBench

case_name stringlengths 8 8	atomic_facts listlengths 3 574	conclusion dict	fact_mapping dict
case_102	[ { "fact_id": "F001", "text": "The list of applicants and the relevant details of the applications are set out in the appended table.", "source_paragraph": 3, "section_path": [ "THE FACTS" ] }, { "fact_id": "F002", "text": "The applicants complained of disproportionate measures ...	{ "violated": true, "elements": { "scope": { "conclusion": "yes", "discussed": "implied" }, "scope_assembly_exists": { "conclusion": "yes", "discussed": "implied" }, "scope_participation": { "conclusion": "yes", "discussed": "implied" }, "scope_peacefu...	{ "list1": { "scope": [ "F002", "F003" ], "interference": [ "F002", "F003" ], "prescribed_by_law": [], "legitimate_aim": [], "necessity": [ "F002", "F003" ], "positive_obligation": [] }, "list2": { "scope": [ "F002", "F003" ...
case_103	[ { "fact_id": "F001", "text": "The applicants' dates of birth and places of residence are given in the Appendix.", "source_paragraph": 4, "section_path": [ "THE FACTS", "I. THE CIRCUMSTANCES OF THE CASE" ] }, { "fact_id": "F002", "text": "At the material time, the first ap...	{ "violated": true, "elements": { "scope": { "conclusion": "yes", "discussed": "implied" }, "scope_assembly_exists": { "conclusion": "yes", "discussed": "implied" }, "scope_participation": { "conclusion": "yes", "discussed": "implied" }, "scope_peacefu...	{ "list1": { "scope": [ "F009", "F010", "F011", "F012", "F013", "F014", "F022", "F027", "F036", "F037", "F038", "F039", "F040", "F041", "F044", "F045" ], "interference": [ "F039", "F040", "F04...
case_104	[ { "fact_id": "F001", "text": "The applicant was born in 1982.", "source_paragraph": 4, "section_path": [ "THE FACTS", "I. THE CIRCUMSTANCES OF THE CASE" ] }, { "fact_id": "F002", "text": "The applicant lives in Baku.", "source_paragraph": 4, "section_path": [ ...	{ "violated": true, "elements": { "scope": { "conclusion": "yes", "discussed": "implied" }, "scope_assembly_exists": { "conclusion": "yes", "discussed": "implied" }, "scope_participation": { "conclusion": "yes", "discussed": "explicit" }, "scope_peacef...	{ "list1": { "scope": [ "F004", "F012", "F013", "F043", "F016", "F022", "F044", "F009", "F010", "F020" ], "interference": [ "F014", "F021", "F022", "F043", "F044" ], "prescribed_by_law": [ "F006", ...
case_106	[ { "fact_id": "F001", "text": "The list of applicants and the relevant details of the applications are set out in the appended table.", "source_paragraph": 3, "section_path": [ "THE FACTS" ] }, { "fact_id": "F002", "text": "The applicants complained of disproportionate measures ...	{ "violated": true, "elements": { "scope": { "conclusion": "yes", "discussed": "implied" }, "scope_assembly_exists": { "conclusion": "yes", "discussed": "implied" }, "scope_participation": { "conclusion": "yes", "discussed": "implied" }, "scope_peacefu...	{ "list1": { "scope": [ "F002", "F003" ], "interference": [ "F002", "F003" ], "prescribed_by_law": [], "legitimate_aim": [], "necessity": [ "F002", "F003" ], "positive_obligation": [] }, "list2": { "scope": [ "F002", "F003" ...
case_107	[ { "fact_id": "F001", "text": "The list of applicants and the relevant details of the applications are set out in the appended table.", "source_paragraph": 3, "section_path": [ "THE FACTS" ] }, { "fact_id": "F002", "text": "The applicants complained of disproportionate measures ...	{ "violated": true, "elements": { "scope": { "conclusion": "yes", "discussed": "implied" }, "scope_assembly_exists": { "conclusion": "yes", "discussed": "implied" }, "scope_participation": { "conclusion": "yes", "discussed": "implied" }, "scope_peacefu...	{ "list1": { "scope": [ "F002" ], "interference": [ "F002" ], "prescribed_by_law": [], "legitimate_aim": [], "necessity": [ "F002" ], "positive_obligation": [] }, "list2": { "scope": [ "F002" ], "interference": [ "F002" ], "pres...
case_108	[ { "fact_id": "F001", "text": "The present case concerns the first applicant's static demonstration in November 2009.", "source_paragraph": 1, "section_path": [ "THE FACTS" ] }, { "fact_id": "F002", "text": "The present case concerns the first applicant's prosecution for an admi...	{ "violated": true, "elements": { "scope": { "conclusion": "yes", "discussed": "implied" }, "scope_assembly_exists": { "conclusion": "yes", "discussed": "implied" }, "scope_participation": { "conclusion": "yes", "discussed": "implied" }, "scope_peacefu...	{ "list1": { "scope": [ "F001", "F013", "F014", "F015", "F016", "F017", "F018", "F019", "F020", "F024", "F002" ], "interference": [ "F002", "F016", "F017", "F018", "F019", "F020", "F021", "F02...
case_110	[{"fact_id":"F001","text":"The applicant was born in 1944.","source_paragraph":12,"section_path":["T(...TRUNCATED)	{"violated":true,"elements":{"scope":{"conclusion":"yes","discussed":"explicit"},"scope_assembly_exi(...TRUNCATED)	{"list1":{"scope":["F100"],"interference":["F100","F178","F179"],"prescribed_by_law":["F100","F178",(...TRUNCATED)
case_111	[{"fact_id":"F001","text":"The list of applicants and the relevant details of the applications are s(...TRUNCATED)	{"violated":true,"elements":{"scope":{"conclusion":"yes","discussed":"implied"},"scope_assembly_exis(...TRUNCATED)	{"list1":{"scope":["F002","F003"],"interference":["F002","F003"],"prescribed_by_law":[],"legitimate_(...TRUNCATED)
case_112	[{"fact_id":"F001","text":"The applicant was born in 1982.","source_paragraph":4,"section_path":["TH(...TRUNCATED)	{"violated":true,"elements":{"scope":{"conclusion":"yes","discussed":"implied"},"scope_assembly_exis(...TRUNCATED)	{"list1":{"scope":["F011","F012","F015","F016","F019"],"interference":["F017","F018","F019","F020","(...TRUNCATED)
case_113	[{"fact_id":"F001","text":"The list of applicants and their representatives and the relevant details(...TRUNCATED)	{"violated":true,"elements":{"scope":{"conclusion":"yes","discussed":"implied"},"scope_assembly_exis(...TRUNCATED)	{"list1":{"scope":["F002"],"interference":["F002"],"prescribed_by_law":[],"legitimate_aim":[],"neces(...TRUNCATED)

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LegalReasoningBench

A benchmark of structured gold-standard annotations for European Court of Human Rights (ECtHR) Article 11 (freedom of assembly) cases — covering case-level conclusions, six doctrinal element conclusions, and fact-to-element mappings (List 1 / List 2 / List 3).

Accepted at the NeurIPS 2026 Datasets and Benchmarks Track.

Code and reproduction scripts: github.com/archon159/LegalReasoningBench

Quick start

from datasets import load_dataset

ds = load_dataset("archon159/LegalReasoningBench", split="test")
print(ds[0])

The dataset has 375 examples, one per case.

Schema

{
  "case_name": "case_274",
  "atomic_facts": [
    {"fact_id": "F001", "text": "...", "source_paragraph": 3, "section_path": ["THE FACTS"]},
    ...
  ],
  "conclusion": {
    "violated": true,
    "elements": {
      "scope":             {"conclusion": "yes",  "discussed": "explicit"},
      "interference":      {"conclusion": "yes",  "discussed": "explicit"},
      "prescribed_by_law": {"conclusion": "yes",  "discussed": "implicit"},
      "legitimate_aim":    {"conclusion": "yes",  "discussed": "explicit",
                            "aims": ["prevention_of_disorder", ...]},
      "necessity":         {"conclusion": "no",   "discussed": "explicit"},
      "positive_obligation": {"conclusion": null, "discussed": "not_discussed"}
    }
  },
  "fact_mapping": {
    "list1": {"scope": ["F003", "F012", ...], "interference": [...], ...},
    "list2": {"scope": [...], ...},
    "list3": ["F005", "F012", ...]
  }
}

atomic_facts — structured facts extracted from the judgment (model input).
conclusion.violated — case-level Article 11 violation finding.
conclusion.elements[el].conclusion — "yes" / "no" / null (not discussed).
conclusion.elements[el].discussed — "explicit" / "implied" / "implicit" / "not_discussed".
fact_mapping.listN — fact IDs referencing atomic_facts[*].fact_id. Subset constraint: List 3 ⊆ List 2 ⊆ List 1.

Files

cases.jsonl — primary file, one case per line.
raw/ — supporting per-case JSONs (also used to regenerate cases.jsonl):
- compiled_gold_standard/ — gold annotations (one file per case).
- atomic_facts/ — atomic facts (one file per case).
- included_all_case_names.txt — list of case IDs.

License

The annotations are released under CC BY 4.0. The underlying ECtHR judgment texts are public-domain documents from HUDOC.

Citation

A full citation will be added once the NeurIPS 2026 proceedings are available. Until then, please cite as:

@inproceedings{paul2026legalreasoningbench,
  title     = {LegalReasoningBench: A Benchmark of Structured Annotations for ECtHR Article 11 Cases},
  author    = {Paul, Shounak and Lee, Seungeon and Engel, Christoph and Gummadi, Krishna P.},
  booktitle = {Advances in Neural Information Processing Systems (NeurIPS), Datasets and Benchmarks Track},
  year      = {2026}
}

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