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BookSem

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book_title
stringlengths
6
91
book_author
stringlengths
9
29
gutenberg_book_link
stringlengths
31
38
average_rating
float64
3.06
4.34
total_ratings
int64
1
928
total_reviews
int64
1
959
star_1_count
int64
1
735
star_2_count
int64
1
901
star_3_count
int64
2
823
star_4_count
int64
1
911
star_5_count
int64
1
812
pub_year
int64
1.85k
1.96k
pages
float64
42
523
⌀
subject_tags
stringlengths
2
162
subject_tags_count
int64
0
10
reviews
stringlengths
423
346k
review_count
int64
3
2.45k
early_avg_rating
null
author_nationality
stringclasses
8 values
author_gender
stringclasses
2 values
author_degree_level
stringclasses
3 values
abstraction_level
int64
2
8
absurdity_index
float64
0
9
academic_tone_intensity
int64
1
8
acknowledgment_presence
int64
2
8
acronym_frequency
int64
0
2
affective_arousal
float64
3
7
agreement_score
float64
4
7
ambiguity_score
int64
2
9
anti_elitism_score
int64
0
9
argument_polarity
float64
0
8
aspect_based_sentiment
int64
2
7
attention_retention_curve
int64
4
7
authoritarian_libertarian
int64
2
8
authoritative_tone
float64
3
8
call_to_action_strength
float64
0
8
causal_density
int64
2
7
claim_explicitness
int64
1
6
claim_verifiability
int64
0
6
clickbait_potential
float64
1
8
code_mixing_ratio
float64
0
7
cognitive_empathy_score
int64
0
8
cognitive_load_score
int64
4
8
commissive_intent
int64
0
6
conceptual_depth
int64
2
8
context_dependence
int64
6
9
controversy_potential
int64
1
8
conversational_fluidity
float64
2
7
cultural_resonance
int64
3
8
dark_humor_probability
int64
0
8
direct_opinion_presence
float64
0
7
directive_intent_score
int64
0
9
disagreement_intensity
int64
0
8
discursive_engagement
int64
3
8
distress_indicator
int64
2
8
ekman_anger_intensity
int64
0
7
ekman_fear_intensity
float64
0
7
ekman_joy_intensity
int64
0
8
ekman_sadness_intensity
float64
0
8
ekman_surprise_intensity
int64
2
7
emoji_sentiment_alignment
int64
0
7
emotional_support_intensity
float64
2
9
emotional_variance
int64
3
8
ethos_appeal
int64
0
6
evidence_implicitness
float64
5
9
evidence_strength
float64
0
6
fabrication_likelihood
int64
1
7
fear_mongering_index
int64
0
7
formality_score
float64
2
10
glittering_generality_score
int64
2
8
hashtag_relevance
int64
0
7
hook_strength
float64
2
8
humor_intensity
int64
0
8
hyperbole_intensity
int64
2
8
idiomatic_density
int64
2
8
implicit_sentiment
int64
3
8
implicit_stance_cues
int64
2
8
in_group_favoritism
float64
0
5
information_density
int64
5
7
information_seeking_intent
int64
0
7
insult_intensity
int64
0
3
interpretation_flexibility
float64
3
9
left_right_leaning
int64
2
5
linguistic_creativity
int64
3
8
loaded_language_density
int64
2
8
logical_coherence
float64
3
8
logical_fallacy_presence
float64
0
8
meme_reference_likelihood
int64
0
2
memory_salience
int64
4
8
mixed_sentiment_ratio
int64
3
7
novelty_score
int64
2
8
opinionatedness
int64
2
8
out_group_derogation
int64
0
6
pathos_appeal
int64
2
9
perspective_multiplicity
float64
3
8
polarity_score
int64
3
8
populist_rhetoric_intensity
float64
0
7
pun_presence_score
float64
0
8
quote_worthiness
float64
2
8
reader_alignment
float64
2
6
reflection_trigger_score
int64
2
8
rumor_stance
int64
0
6
sarcasm_probability
int64
0
8
self_containment
float64
3
6
self_deprecation_level
int64
0
7
self_disclosure_depth
float64
0
6
semantic_entropy
float64
4
9
sensationalism_index
int64
1
4
sentiment_intensity
int64
4
8
sentiment_shift
int64
3
8
situational_irony
int64
2
9
slang_density
float64
0
2
source_attribution_clarity
float64
0
5
stance_towards_topic
int64
2
8
subjectivity_score
float64
3
9
surprisal_score
int64
3
9
temporal_drift
int64
2
8
tone_stability
int64
4
8
toxicity_score
int64
0
6
truth_alignment_score
int64
0
9
validation_score
float64
0
8
individualism_collectivism_score
int64
1
5
emotional_intensity_score
int64
4
7
emotional_valence_score
int64
3
8
threat_and_fear_appeal_score
int64
0
7
rational_score
int64
2
6
scientific_score
int64
0
5
evidence_based_reasoning_score
int64
2
6
optimistic_outlook_score
int64
2
7
social_transformation_score
int64
4
6
moral_certainty_score
int64
2
8
tradition_preservation_score
int64
3
7
empathetic_perspective_score
int64
0
8
hierarchical_worldview_score
int64
4
6
conceptual_complexity_score
int64
2
8
persuasive_intent_score
int64
2
8
gender_orientation_score
int64
3
7
feminine_home_work_association
int64
0
10
masculine_home_work_association
int64
0
10
David Copperfield I
Charles Dickens
https://www.gutenberg.org/ebooks/766
4.12
928
72
18
37
166
302
405
1,850
523
['Classics', 'Fiction', 'Audiobook', 'Literature', 'Novels', 'Humor', 'Historical Fiction', 'Literary Fiction']
8
[{'reviewer_review_count': 1, 'reviewer_follower_count': 1, 'rating_out_of_5': 5.0, 'review_year': 2024, 'likes': 134, 'review_length': 2755}, {'reviewer_review_count': 822, 'reviewer_follower_count': 16, 'rating_out_of_5': None, 'review_year': 2021, 'likes': 75, 'review_length': 7}, {'reviewer_review_count': 1, 'revie...
71
null
British
Male
null
4
4
3
3
0
5
4
7
3
7
4
6
5
4
0
3
3
3
4
0
6
6
2
6
7
4
4
6
2
0
2
3
6
6
3
5
3
6
4
4
6
6
3
8
2
2
2
8
4
4
6
2
2
6
6
7
0
6
2
3
7
5
6
5
8
2
0
7
5
3
4
4
6
5
4
0
2
6
6
6
4
2
4
2
4
7
2
4
6
6
0
0
4
6
6
6
7
3
8
4
3
4
4
4
4
2
5
4
5
5
6
6
5
5
3
6
6
10
The History of Pendennis: His Fortunes And Misfortunes, His Friends And His Greatest Enemy
William Makepeace Thackeray
https://www.gutenberg.org/ebooks/34922
3.7
400
39
12
36
107
151
94
1,850
null
['Classics', 'Fiction', 'Historical Fiction', '19th Century', 'British Literature', 'Novels', 'Victorian', 'Literature', 'English Literature', 'Literary Fiction']
10
[{'reviewer_review_count': None, 'reviewer_follower_count': 13, 'rating_out_of_5': 4.0, 'review_year': 2011, 'likes': 21, 'review_length': 256}, {'reviewer_review_count': None, 'reviewer_follower_count': 2, 'rating_out_of_5': 5.0, 'review_year': 2010, 'likes': 14, 'review_length': 28}, {'reviewer_review_count': 888, 'r...
39
null
British
Male
Bachelors
3
3
5
3
0
5
4
6
3
4
4
5
4
4
0
3
2
2
3
0
4
6
2
4
6
2
3
6
2
0
0
2
6
4
2
3
3
6
5
3
5
6
3
7
0
2
2
9
4
4
3
3
2
2
4
3
3
6
3
0
7
5
5
4
8
0
0
5
6
4
2
2
3
4
5
2
2
4
4
3
4
2
4
4
3
6
2
4
4
8
0
0
4
4
4
4
7
0
4
4
4
4
5
2
4
1
4
4
4
3
5
4
4
4
2
5
2
0
Narrative of Sojourner Truth (Barnes & Noble Classics Series) by Truth, Sojourner
Sojourner Truth
https://www.gutenberg.org/ebooks/1674
4.1
10
507
160
506
2
3
4
1,850
null
['History', 'Nonfiction', 'Biography', 'Classics', 'Memoir', 'Feminism', 'African American', 'Race', 'Autobiography', 'Biography Memoir']
10
[{'reviewer_review_count': 492, 'reviewer_follower_count': 56, 'rating_out_of_5': 3.0, 'review_year': 2016, 'likes': 82, 'review_length': 209}, {'reviewer_review_count': 289, 'reviewer_follower_count': 89, 'rating_out_of_5': 4.0, 'review_year': 2020, 'likes': 40, 'review_length': 219}, {'reviewer_review_count': 283, 'r...
488
null
American
Female
null
5
2
4
8
0
7
5
7
3
3
6
7
4
4
6
6
3
2
4
2
8
7
3
6
7
7
7
8
2
5
3
5
8
7
3
6
2
7
5
5
9
8
3
7
2
2
2
3
3
4
6
1
7
4
3
7
3
5
3
0
8
3
6
8
6
3
0
7
6
4
6
4
8
7
6
2
2
8
6
8
4
2
6
3
6
7
2
6
8
8
2
3
5
8
7
7
6
2
5
7
5
6
6
4
5
2
4
5
4
7
6
8
4
6
7
6
9
5
Bleak House
Charles Dickens, M. M. Yesil
https://www.gutenberg.org/ebooks/1023
4.02
114
6
2
6
21
37
45
1,853
null
['Classics', 'Fiction', 'Literature', '19th Century', 'Historical Fiction', 'Victorian', 'Novels', 'British Literature', 'Audiobook', 'Classic Literature']
10
[{'reviewer_review_count': 2, 'reviewer_follower_count': 12, 'rating_out_of_5': 5.0, 'review_year': 2012, 'likes': 591, 'review_length': 260}, {'reviewer_review_count': 2, 'reviewer_follower_count': 322, 'rating_out_of_5': 3.0, 'review_year': 2019, 'likes': 456, 'review_length': 435}, {'reviewer_review_count': 604, 're...
30
null
English
Male
null
5
3
2
6
0
6
6
6
2
2
3
5
5
4
2
3
2
2
2
0
8
7
3
6
7
2
3
6
2
3
2
3
6
3
0
3
8
4
3
7
8
6
4
8
0
2
2
9
4
3
4
3
5
7
5
4
3
6
3
0
7
5
6
6
7
2
0
8
6
3
4
2
8
6
7
2
2
6
6
7
0
2
6
3
6
7
1
8
5
3
0
0
8
8
6
2
6
0
4
8
4
7
7
2
3
1
4
7
6
6
6
8
5
6
5
6
2
8
A Tale of Two Cities
Charles Dickens
https://www.gutenberg.org/ebooks/98
3.88
1
27
38
75
216
325
358
1,859
null
"['Classics', 'Fiction', 'Historical Fiction', 'Literature', 'Historical', 'School', 'Novels', 'Clas(...TRUNCATED)
10
"[{'reviewer_review_count': 176, 'reviewer_follower_count': 301, 'rating_out_of_5': 5.0, 'review_yea(...TRUNCATED)
2,371
null
English
Male
null
6
4
6
5
0
6
4
7
3
4
4
6
5
6
2
3
3
2
2
0
7
7
0
7
8
3
3
6
2
6
0
5
7
6
5
6
3
6
5
3
4
6
3
8
2
2
6
9
6
4
6
1
4
7
6
5
3
6
3
3
7
5
6
7
6
2
0
6
6
4
5
4
7
7
4
2
2
6
4
6
4
2
4
3
5
8
2
6
7
6
0
0
4
8
6
6
6
2
4
4
4
6
4
6
4
1
4
5
5
6
6
7
5
6
4
6
8
2
Little Dorrit
Charles Dickens
https://www.gutenberg.org/ebooks/963
4
49
2
1
2
10
17
18
1,857
null
"['Classics', 'Fiction', 'Victorian', 'Literature', '19th Century', 'Historical Fiction', 'British L(...TRUNCATED)
10
"[{'reviewer_review_count': 1, 'reviewer_follower_count': 1, 'rating_out_of_5': 5.0, 'review_year': (...TRUNCATED)
2,322
null
British
Male
null
3
5
3
4
0
4
4
7
3
5
5
4
5
5
2
2
3
2
2
0
5
6
2
3
7
3
3
4
2
0
2
2
6
4
3
2
3
5
2
0
4
3
3
7
2
2
2
8
4
4
3
4
2
7
8
6
5
5
2
2
7
5
6
5
6
5
0
4
6
2
3
6
4
8
4
2
3
4
5
4
3
3
4
3
3
5
2
4
6
3
0
0
4
4
4
3
7
2
4
4
5
4
4
2
3
1
4
4
5
4
4
5
5
3
3
4
6
10
La Salle and the Discovery of the Great West
Francis Parkman, Rick Bass
https://www.gutenberg.org/ebooks/40143
4.01
122
9
2
6
26
43
45
1,869
353
['History', 'Nonfiction', 'American History', 'Geography', 'Biography', 'Travel']
6
"[{'reviewer_review_count': 881, 'reviewer_follower_count': 1, 'rating_out_of_5': 4.0, 'review_year'(...TRUNCATED)
9
null
American
Male
Bachelors
4
2
6
2
0
4
4
6
3
5
6
5
7
7
6
6
3
3
2
0
5
6
5
5
7
4
2
4
0
0
8
3
6
6
3
6
2
5
5
3
3
6
3
6
2
2
7
10
2
3
3
0
2
3
5
4
3
6
3
2
6
4
3
4
8
3
0
4
7
4
3
4
5
6
4
2
0
4
4
4
4
1
6
3
2
7
2
5
5
7
0
5
4
4
3
5
6
2
5
2
4
4
4
6
5
3
5
4
5
4
6
5
6
4
6
6
8
0
Wives and Daughters
Elizabeth Gaskell
https://www.gutenberg.org/ebooks/4274
4.13
50
3
729
1
8
19
20
1,866
null
"['Classics', 'Fiction', 'Romance', 'Historical Fiction', 'Victorian', '19th Century', 'Literature',(...TRUNCATED)
10
"[{'reviewer_review_count': None, 'reviewer_follower_count': 3, 'rating_out_of_5': 5.0, 'review_year(...TRUNCATED)
2,175
null
British
Female
High School
4
3
2
5
0
4
5
5
3
5
5
4
4
5
3
4
3
2
2
0
6
7
6
3
7
2
3
4
0
0
6
7
5
4
6
3
3
3
2
5
3
5
4
8
0
1
2
9
2
5
2
2
2
2
6
3
0
6
4
1
7
5
6
3
6
3
0
4
5
3
4
3
4
6
4
0
2
2
4
5
4
2
3
0
2
6
2
4
5
5
0
3
5
6
3
6
6
4
4
4
2
4
4
2
3
2
3
4
5
5
4
6
4
4
4
4
4
9
Nonsense Song
Edward Lear
https://www.gutenberg.org/ebooks/13647
3.77
137
12
2
19
32
40
44
1,871
109
['Poetry', 'Childrens', '19th Century', 'Humor', 'Ebooks']
5
"[{'reviewer_review_count': 1, 'reviewer_follower_count': 38, 'rating_out_of_5': 4.0, 'review_year':(...TRUNCATED)
12
null
British
Male
null
8
9
1
2
0
6
4
9
0
0
2
6
2
3
3
2
1
0
3
0
3
6
2
2
9
1
3
5
1
0
2
0
6
3
0
2
4
5
2
3
3
5
0
9
0
2
0
2
8
3
6
8
8
8
7
3
0
6
3
0
9
5
8
7
3
2
2
8
6
8
2
0
7
3
7
0
8
6
3
3
0
1
6
2
1
9
2
6
4
5
1
0
5
9
9
4
5
0
0
2
2
6
7
1
2
0
2
5
4
6
4
3
4
5
5
4
9
1
King Lear
William Shakespeare
https://www.gutenberg.org/ebooks/1532
3.91
237
8
4
15
56
79
81
1,874
null
"['Classics', 'Plays', 'Shakespeare', 'Fiction', 'Drama', 'School', 'Theatre', 'Literature', 'Poetry(...TRUNCATED)
10
"[{'reviewer_review_count': None, 'reviewer_follower_count': 2, 'rating_out_of_5': 5.0, 'review_year(...TRUNCATED)
2,399
null
English
Male
High School
6
2
8
3
2
4
4
7
3
6
6
4
4
7
2
5
5
5
3
0
4
8
2
6
8
3
2
6
0
0
2
5
6
4
3
3
3
7
2
3
3
5
6
8
3
3
3
9
2
6
3
0
3
3
7
6
0
7
2
1
8
5
6
7
7
2
0
6
6
6
5
1
3
5
5
1
0
4
3
6
4
2
4
2
0
7
2
5
6
5
0
4
6
5
6
6
7
1
4
4
2
4
5
3
5
4
5
5
5
5
5
4
4
6
2
5
2
8
End of preview. Expand in Data Studio

BookSem

Dataset Summary

This dataset is designed to study language trends over time. It combines multi-source metadata, aggregated review signals, and LLM-generated features to enable hypothesis-driven and exploratory research on how narrative and reception characteristics evolve over time.

The dataset does not contain original book text. Instead, it uses LLM-generated proxy content and derived features to approximate semantic and evaluative properties.

Dataset Composition

BookSem contains approximately 220K English-language books published between 1850 and 2020, divided into two subsets:

  • BookSem-A (~41K books): Contains paired semantic measurements from proxy passages and original passages, organized into two subsets:
    • BookSem-A-Original: Semantic measurements derived from original book passages.
    • BookSem-A-Proxy: Semantic measurements derived from proxy passages corresponding to the original passages.
  • BookSem-B (~179K books): Contains proxy-based semantic measurements for books whose full texts were unavailable for direct analysis.

Dataset Description

Construction Process

The dataset is built using a three-stage pipeline:

  1. Data Collection

    • Book metadata and summaries collected from:
      • Google Books
      • Wikipedia
      • Goodreads
      • Project Gutenberg
    • Includes publication details, author attributes, ratings, and review statistics

  2. Proxy Content Generation

    • LLM-generated content used to approximate book semantics
    • Based on research-backed prompting methods

  3. Feature Engineering

    • ~118 structured features per book, including:
      • Metadata features
      • Review-based signals
      • LLM-derived evaluative scores

Dataset Structure

  • Each row represents a single book
  • Includes:
    • Book metadata
    • Author metadata
    • Publication year
    • Aggregated review statistics
    • Derived feature set
  • Some fields may contain nested structures (e.g., reviews)

Data Fields

The dataset consists of structured features grouped into three main categories: metadata, review-based signals, and LLM-generated evaluative attributes.

Metadata Features

  • book_title: Book title/name
  • book_author: Book author name
  • gutenberg_book_link: Publically accessible book link
  • preview_text: Publically available book text
  • author_degree_level: Highest known academic qualification of the author
  • author_gender: Gender of the author
  • author_nationality: Nationality of the author
  • pub_year: Year of publication
  • subject_tags_count: Number of genres associated with the book
  • subject_tags: List of genres

Review and Engagement Features

  • review_count: Number of reviews included

  • reviews: Nested list containing:

    • reviewer_review_count: Total reviews by reviewer (if available)
    • reviewer_follower_count: Follower count of reviewer
    • rating_out_of_5: Rating given in the review
    • review_year: Year of the review
    • likes: Number of likes on the review
    • review_length: Length of the review

  • total_reviews: Total number of reviews

  • total_ratings: Total number of ratings

  • average_rating: Average rating score

  • early_avg_rating: Early-stage average rating (if available)

  • star_1_count to star_5_count: Distribution of ratings across 1–5 stars

LLM-Generated Features

The dataset includes ~118 LLM-generated features grouped into the following categories:

1. Sentiment and Polarity

Includes features measuring overall sentiment, intensity, shifts, and implicit emotional signals.
Examples: polarity_score, sentiment_intensity, aspect_based_sentiment, sentiment_shift, implicit_sentiment, mixed_sentiment_ratio, emotional_valence, optimistic_outlook

2. Emotion and Affect

Captures emotional states based on Ekman categories and affective dynamics.
Examples: ekman_anger_intensity, ekman_joy_intensity, ekman_sadness_intensity, ekman_fear_intensity, ekman_surprise_intensity, affective_arousal, emotional_variance, emotional_intensity

3. Sarcasm, Irony, and Figurative Language

Measures figurative expression, ambiguity, and creative language use.
Examples: sarcasm_probability, situational_irony, hyperbole_intensity, linguistic_creativity, idiomatic_density, interpretation_flexibility, ambiguity_score

4. Political Ideology and Populism

Represents ideological stance and group dynamics.
Examples: left_right_leaning, authoritarian_libertarian, populist_rhetoric_intensity, anti_elitism_score, in_group_favoritism, out_group_derogation, individualism_collectivism, social_transformation, hierarchical_worldview, tradition_preservation

5. Social Media and Cultural Signals

Captures informal communication and cultural context markers.
Examples: emoji_sentiment_alignment, hashtag_relevance, slang_density, code_mixing_ratio, meme_reference_likelihood, cultural_resonance, acronym_frequency, gender_orientation, feminine_home_work_association, masculine_home_work_association

6. Readability, Cohesion, and Cognitive Load

Measures complexity, structure, and interpretability of content.
Examples: cognitive_load_score, information_density, semantic_entropy, surprisal_score, novelty_score, conceptual_depth, abstraction_level, context_dependence, self_containment, attention_retention_curve, conceptual_complexity

7. Argumentation and Epistemology

Captures logical structure, claims, and evidence.
Examples: argument_polarity, causal_density, claim_verifiability, evidence_implicitness, claim_explicitness, evidence_strength, logical_coherence, scientific_thinking, rational_thinking, moral_certainty

8. Subjectivity and Stance

Represents opinion strength and perspective diversity.
Examples: opinionatedness, subjectivity_score, stance_towards_topic, direct_opinion_presence, implicit_stance_cues, perspective_multiplicity

9. Style, Formality, and Tone

Captures writing style and tonal consistency.
Examples: temporal_drift, tone_stability, hook_strength, memory_salience, formality_score, academic_tone_intensity, conversational_fluidity, authoritative_tone

10. Toxicity, Controversy, and Discourse

Measures conversational impact and conflict potential.
Examples: discursive_engagement, quote_worthiness, reader_alignment, controversy_potential, toxicity_score, insult_intensity

11. Factuality, Misinformation, and Credibility

Evaluates truthfulness and information reliability.
Examples: truth_alignment_score, sensationalism_index, rumor_stance, source_attribution_clarity, clickbait_potential, fabrication_likelihood, evidence_based_reasoning

12. Persuasion and Propaganda

Captures rhetorical influence and manipulation strategies.
Examples: pathos_appeal, ethos_appeal, loaded_language_density, fear_mongering_index, glittering_generality_score, logical_fallacy_presence, call_to_action_strength, threat_and_fear_appeal, persuasive_intent

13. Dialogue Acts and Conversational Intent

Represents communicative intent and interaction signals.
Examples: information_seeking_intent, agreement_score, disagreement_intensity, directive_intent_score, commissive_intent, acknowledgment_presence

14. Empathy and Psychological Signals

Captures emotional understanding and mental state indicators.
Examples: reflection_trigger_score, cognitive_empathy_score, emotional_support_intensity, distress_indicator, validation_score, self_disclosure_depth, empathetic_perspective

15. Humor and Wordplay

Represents humor styles and creative expression.
Examples: humor_intensity, pun_presence_score, absurdity_index, self_deprecation_level, dark_humor_probability

Data Sources

This dataset is derived from publicly accessible sources:

  • Google Books, Gutenberg (metadata and summaries)
  • Wikipedia (author and contextual information)
  • Goodreads (aggregated review statistics)
  • LLMs (proxy content and synthetic annotation)

No raw proprietary text is redistributed. Only aggregated and derived representations are included.

Annotation Process

LLM-based annotation was used to generate proxy content and evaluative features:

  • Prompt-based generation strategy
  • Model-generated scores for 118+ features.

Human Validation

  • 48 participants evaluated a subset of samples
  • Fleiss' kappa: 0.59

Intended Use

This dataset is suitable for:

  • Research on persuasion trends across time
  • Hypothesis testing in computational social science
  • Analysis of relationships between content and reception
  • Studying behavior of LLM-generated features

Out-of-Scope Use

This dataset should not be used for:

  • Training production models
  • Ground-truth benchmarking
  • Author profiling or individual evaluation
  • High-stakes decision-making systems
  • Literary or stylistic analysis of original text

Bias and Limitations

  • Popularity bias due to reliance on review platforms
  • Demographic attributes may be inferred
  • LLM-generated features may reflect model bias

Personal and Sensitive Information

  • No personally identifiable information (PII)
  • Data is aggregated and non-traceable to individuals
  • Contains limited demographic attributes (e.g., gender, nationality)

License

This dataset is released under CC-BY-NC-4.0.

Rationale:

  • Derived from mixed sources, including platform-restricted data
  • Includes synthetic and aggregated features
  • Restricted to non-commercial research use

Ethical Considerations

  • No raw user-generated content is directly included
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