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1 | 
Logo of the European Union
2024/1689
12.7.2024
# **REGULATION (EU) 2024/1689 OF THE EUROPEAN PARLIAMENT AND OF THE COUNCIL**
**of 13 June 2024**
**laying down harmonised rules on artificial intelligence and amending Regulations (EC) No 300/20... | Regulation on Artificial Intelligence (AI Act) | [
"Preamble"
] | [
"What is Regulation (EU) 2024/1689 of 13 June 2024 commonly known as, and what does it regulate?"
] | [
"It is the Artificial Intelligence Act, which lays down harmonised EU rules for AI systems, including their development, placing on the market, putting into service, and use."
] | [
"What is the main purpose of the EU Artificial Intelligence Act?",
"Can a Member State restrict the development, marketing or use of AI systems on its territory?",
"Does the AI Act only protect health and safety, or does it also protect fundamental rights?",
"Which activities involving AI systems are covered ... | [
"The source is Regulation (EU) 2024/1689, Preamble, recital (1). The recital states that the purpose of the AI Act is to improve the functioning of the internal market by laying down a uniform legal framework for the development, placing on the market, putting into service and use of AI systems in the Union. It als... | [
"We plan to develop and offer an AI-based service in several Member States. What does the EU legal framework aim to do for us?",
"If one Member State wants to restrict an AI-based service being used in its territory, can it do so on its own?",
"Does the EU approach to AI focus only on encouraging innovation, or... | [
"Relevant law category and section: Regulation on Artificial Intelligence (AI Act), Preamble, recital (1). The Regulation is intended to improve the functioning of the internal market by creating a uniform legal framework for the development, placing on the market, putting into service, and use of artificial intell... | [
"A Dutch startup builds AI-based scheduling software for small retailers and wants to sell it in Germany. A German distributor asks whether the startup must obtain a separate German approval before marketing the software there. Can Germany impose that local approval requirement just because the tool uses AI?"
] | [
"Legal category: EU AI Act — Preamble/objectives. Law section: § Preamble, Recital 1.\n\nThe supplied recital says the Regulation aims to create a uniform Union framework for AI systems in their development, placing on the market, putting into service and use, and to ensure the free movement of AI-based goods and s... |
2 | - (2) This Regulation should be applied in accordance with the values of the Union enshrined as in the Charter, facilitating the protection of natural persons, undertakings, democracy, the rule of law and environmental protection, while boosting innovation and employment and making the Union a leader in the uptake of t... | Regulation on Artificial Intelligence (AI Act) | [
"Preamble"
] | [
"According to the AI Act’s preamble, how should the Regulation be applied?"
] | [
"The preamble says the AI Act should be applied in accordance with Union values in the Charter, protecting natural persons, undertakings, democracy, the rule of law and the environment, while supporting innovation, employment and trustworthy AI."
] | [
"How do the values of the EU Charter affect the application of the AI Act?",
"Does the AI Act’s application include protection of fundamental interests such as democracy, the rule of law and the environment?",
"What objectives does the AI Act aim to facilitate when it is applied?",
"Does the AI Act connect tr... | [
"According to the Regulation on Artificial Intelligence (AI Act), Preamble, recital (2), the AI Act should be applied in accordance with the values of the Union enshrined in the Charter. The provision expressly identifies those Union values as relevant to the Regulation’s application.",
"Yes. Under the Regulation... | [
"We are developing an AI-enabled service and want to ensure our project supports responsible deployment as well as business growth. What high-level priorities should guide us?",
"Our AI project involves both individual rights concerns and commercial objectives. How should those interests be treated at a high leve... | [
"Under the Regulation on Artificial Intelligence (AI Act), Preamble recital 2, the relevant starting point is that the Regulation should be applied in accordance with the values of the Union enshrined in the Charter. It is intended to facilitate the protection of natural persons, undertakings, democracy, the rule o... | [
"A city council wants to introduce an AI tool that helps civil servants review welfare-benefit applications. The system will flag some applications for additional scrutiny and may influence whether citizens receive support. The council wants the tool to be faster and more consistent, but it is concerned about fairn... | [
"Law category: Regulation on Artificial Intelligence (AI Act). Section: § Preamble.\n\nThe AI Act text states that the Regulation should be applied in a way that reflects EU values, protects individuals and undertakings, safeguards democracy and the rule of law, and promotes trustworthy AI. In this scenario, the mu... |
3 | - (3) AI systems can be easily deployed in a large variety of sectors of the economy and many parts of society, including across borders, and can easily circulate throughout the Union. Certain Member States have already explored the adoption of national rules to ensure that AI is trustworthy and safe and is developed a... | Regulation on Artificial Intelligence (AI Act) | [
"Preamble"
] | [
"Which TFEU legal bases does the AI Act rely on for general AI rules and specific law-enforcement AI rules?"
] | [
"General AI-market obligations are based on Article 114 TFEU; the specific law-enforcement rules on remote biometric identification, AI risk assessments and biometric categorisation are based on Article 16 TFEU, with consultation of the European Data Protection Board."
] | [
"What legal basis is cited for harmonising AI rules to support the internal market?answer\": \"The Regulation on Artificial Intelligence (AI Act), Preamble, states that uniform obligations for operators should be laid down, and that overriding reasons of public interest and the rights of persons should be uniformly... | [
"Under the Regulation on Artificial Intelligence (AI Act), Preamble, AI systems may be deployed across many sectors, throughout society, and across borders, so they can circulate throughout the Union. The Preamble explains that divergent national rules could fragment the internal market and reduce legal certainty f... | [
"We operate an AI product in several Member States and are concerned that different national rules could create uncertainty. What is the legal issue identified in the provision?",
"A Member State is considering its own rules to ensure AI systems used in public services are trustworthy and safe. What does the prov... | [
"Under the Regulation on Artificial Intelligence (AI Act), Preamble (§ Preamble), the provision states that AI systems can be deployed across many sectors and parts of society, including across borders, and can easily circulate throughout the Union. It also states that diverging national rules may fragment the inte... | [
"A Dutch start-up sells an AI tool to hospitals, insurers and employers in several Member States. It hears that some national authorities may require additional local assessments before AI systems can be deployed. What should the company consider under the AI Act?",
"An Italian manufacturer exports AI-powered war... | [
"AI systems can be used across many sectors and can move easily across borders, so the AI Act is designed to avoid a patchwork of national rules. The preamble states that divergent national rules may \"lead to the fragmentation of the internal market\" and may \"decrease legal certainty for operators that develop, ... |
4 | - (4) AI is a fast evolving family of technologies that contributes to a wide array of economic, environmental and societal benefits across the entire spectrum of industries and social activities. By improving prediction, optimising operations and resource allocation, and personalising digital solutions available for i... | Regulation on Artificial Intelligence (AI Act) | [
"Preamble"
] | [
"Which EU legal instrument and preamble paragraphs explain AI’s benefits and risks, the need for human-centric and Charter-consistent AI, and common rules for high-risk AI systems?"
] | [
"The EU legal instrument is the Regulation on Artificial Intelligence, commonly called the AI Act. The relevant text is in the Preamble, paragraphs 4–7."
] | [
"Does the AI Act preamble recognise both benefits and risks from AI technologies?"
] | [
"The Regulation on Artificial Intelligence (AI Act), Preamble, recitals (4)–(7), states that AI is a “fast evolving family of technologies” that can provide broad economic, environmental, and societal benefits. It may improve prediction, optimise operations and resource allocation, and personalise digital solutions... | [
"Our company wants to use AI to optimise warehouse routing and customer-specific recommendations. What legal view does the AI framework take of such uses?",
"If we deploy AI in an automated customer-eligibility or pricing tool, what risks should we be concerned about?",
"A public agency is considering AI for al... | [
"Under the **Regulation on Artificial Intelligence (AI Act), Preamble, recital (4)**, the legal framing is generally supportive of AI where it improves prediction, optimises operations and resource allocation, or personalises digital solutions. The Preamble recognises that such uses can provide key competitive adva... | [
"A mid-sized retailer is piloting an AI system to screen job applications and rank candidates before human review. Candidates from certain age groups say their applications are rarely shown to recruiters, and one applicant alleges the tool penalised a disability-related career break. The company argues that automat... | [
"### Scenario-based question 1\n\nA mid-sized retailer is piloting an AI system to screen job applications and rank candidates before human review. Candidates from certain age groups say their applications are rarely shown to recruiters, and one applicant alleges the tool penalised a disability-related career break... |
5 | - (8) A Union legal framework laying down harmonised rules on AI is therefore needed to foster the development, use and uptake of AI in the internal market that at the same time meets a high level of protection of public interests, such as health and safety and the protection of fundamental rights, including democracy,... | Regulation on Artificial Intelligence (AI Act) | [
"Preamble"
] | [
"Which provision of the AI Act states that a Union legal framework with harmonised AI rules is needed to support AI in the internal market while protecting fundamental rights and public interests?"
] | [
"Recital 8 of the Preamble to the AI Act says a Union legal framework with harmonised AI rules is needed to support AI development and uptake in the internal market while protecting health, safety, fundamental rights, democracy, the rule of law and the environment."
] | [
"Why does the AI Act require harmonised EU rules on artificial intelligence?",
"What public interests must AI rules protect under this provision?",
"Which activities involving AI systems are regulated by the framework described in this provision?",
"How does this provision describe the balance between fundame... | [
"According to the Regulation on Artificial Intelligence (AI Act), Preamble, recital (8), an EU-wide legal framework is considered necessary because harmonised AI rules would foster the development, use and uptake of AI in the internal market, while also ensuring a high level of protection for public interests such ... | [
"We are developing an AI system and want to sell it across several EU Member States. What does the EU framework aim to allow for such systems?",
"Our AI system may affect citizens’ rights or public interests. What public interests must the EU approach protect?",
"We are preparing to place an AI system on the ma... | [
"Under the Regulation on Artificial Intelligence (AI Act), Preamble, recital (8), the Union legal framework lays down harmonised rules on AI to foster the development, use and uptake of AI in the internal market. It also states that those rules should ensure the smooth functioning of the internal market and allow t... | [
"A Belgian SaaS company has developed an AI tool that helps warehouses predict inventory demand. It has already sold the tool in Belgium and now wants to offer it in Germany, France, and the Netherlands. Can the company rely on its Belgian market presence to expand across the EU?",
"A fintech startup wants to lau... | [
"Under the AI Act, the relevant category is EU AI regulation and the applicable section is Preamble § 8 (Recital 8). That provision explains that the EU needs harmonised AI rules so that AI can develop and circulate across the internal market, while also maintaining strong protection for public interests such as he... |
6 | (9) Harmonised rules applicable to the placing on the market, the putting into service and the use of high-risk AI systems should be laid down consistently with Regulation (EC) No 765/2008 of the European Parliament and of the Council <sup>(7)</sup>, Decision No 768/2008/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council... | Regulation on Artificial Intelligence (AI Act) | [
"Preamble"
] | [
"Under the AI Act preamble, which EU framework must harmonised rules for high-risk AI systems follow, and what areas of existing EU law remain unaffected?"
] | [
"They must be consistent with the New Legislative Framework: Regulation (EC) No 765/2008, Decision No 768/2008/EC, and Regulation (EU) 2019/1020. The AI Act is complementary and does not affect existing Union law on data protection, consumer protection, fundamental rights, employment, worker protection, product saf... | [
"What legal framework does the AI Act use for harmonised rules on high-risk AI systems?",
"Does the AI Act replace other EU rules on data protection, consumer protection, worker protection or product safety?",
"Can a person still seek compensation for damage caused by a high-risk AI system under the AI Act?",
... | [
"Under Regulation on Artificial Intelligence (AI Act), Preamble, recital (9), the AI Act lays down harmonised rules for the placing on the market, putting into service and use of high-risk AI systems. These rules should be consistent with the New Legislative Framework, namely Regulation (EC) No 765/2008, Decision N... | [
"If we place a high-risk AI system on the market, can existing rules on data protection, consumer protection, product safety, or fundamental rights still apply?",
"If a high-risk AI system is used in the workplace, does the AI framework change employers’ duties under employment or worker-protection law?",
"If a... | [
"Under the AI Act, Preamble, recital (9), harmonised rules for high-risk AI systems apply across sectors and are designed to be consistent with the New Legislative Framework. However, those rules are laid down \"without prejudice to existing Union law\" on areas such as data protection, consumer protection, fundame... | [
"A retail chain uses an AI tool to rank job applicants for warehouse positions. Several applicants complain that the system affects their treatment, and the HR director says the AI Act is now the main EU legal framework and other labour or data-protection obligations can be set aside. Is that correct?",
"A consum... | [
"Law category: Regulation on Artificial Intelligence (AI Act). Section: Preamble §(9). Short answer: No. If the recruitment tool is a high-risk AI system, the AI Act’s harmonised rules are not an exclusive replacement for other EU or national rules. The provision states that the AI rules apply across sectors but ar... |
7 | Moreover, this Regulation aims to strengthen the effectiveness of such existing rights and remedies by establishing specific requirements and obligations, including in respect of the transparency, technical documentation and record-keeping of AI systems. Furthermore, the obligations placed on various operators involved... | Regulation on Artificial Intelligence (AI Act) | [
"Preamble"
] | [
"How does the AI Act’s Preamble say operator obligations should interact with national law?",
"Which non-AI-specific national laws does the AI Act’s Preamble say should not be affected?"
] | [
"The AI Act’s Preamble states that its obligations for AI operators apply without prejudice to national law, as long as that law complies with Union law and pursues legitimate public interests outside the AI Act.",
"It says national labour law and laws protecting minors under 18, including under UNCRC General Com... | [
"How does the AI Act strengthen existing rights and remedies?",
"Does the AI Act replace national laws that regulate AI-related activities?",
"Can national law restrict the use of certain AI systems in addition to the AI Act?",
"How does the AI Act treat national labour law and laws protecting minors?",
"Wh... | [
"Under the Regulation on Artificial Intelligence (AI Act), Preamble, the AI Act seeks to strengthen existing rights and remedies by imposing specific requirements and obligations on AI systems, including requirements concerning transparency, technical documentation, and record-keeping.",
"Under the Regulation on ... | [
"We already have internal policies and remedies for AI-related issues. Does the Regulation add anything that could help enforce them?",
"Can national labour law still restrict how we use an AI system in employment contexts?",
"If our workplace rules limit certain AI uses, are those rules overridden by the Regul... | [
"Yes. Under the Regulation on Artificial Intelligence (AI Act), Preamble, the Regulation aims to strengthen the effectiveness of existing rights and remedies by establishing specific requirements and obligations, including requirements relating to the transparency, technical documentation and record-keeping of AI s... | [
"A small company uses an AI recruitment tool to rank job applicants. One rejected applicant asks for an explanation of why they were not shortlisted and asks whether the company must keep records about how the tool worked. The company says the tool is only a software plugin and therefore does not need to document o... | [
"Category: EU Regulation on Artificial Intelligence (AI Act). Section: Preamble (§ Preamble).\n\nYes. The AI Act’s Preamble states that the Regulation seeks to strengthen existing rights and remedies through requirements on the transparency, technical documentation and record-keeping of AI systems. If the company u... |
8 | (10) The fundamental right to the protection of personal data is safeguarded in particular by Regulations (EU) 2016/679 <sup>(11)</sup> and (EU) 2018/1725 <sup>(12)</sup> of the European Parliament and of the Council and Directive (EU) 2016/680 of the European Parliament and of the Council <sup>(13)</sup>. Directive 20... | Regulation on Artificial Intelligence (AI Act) | [
"Preamble"
] | [
"Which EU legal acts does the AI Act preamble identify as protecting personal data and communication confidentiality?"
] | [
"The fundamental right to personal data protection is safeguarded by the GDPR (Regulation (EU) 2016/679), Regulation (EU) 2018/1725, and Directive (EU) 2016/680. Directive 2002/58/EC additionally protects private life and the confidentiality of communications."
] | [
"Does the AI Act override the general data protection rules when an AI system processes personal data?",
"Does the AI Act change the role of data protection supervisory authorities or the rules protecting communications confidentiality?",
"Does the AI Act affect rules on storing or accessing data from a user's ... | [
"No. In the Preamble, recital (10), the AI Act states that it \"does not seek to affect the application of existing Union law governing the processing of personal data\" and that it \"does not affect the obligations of providers and deployers of AI systems in their role as data controllers or processors\" where des... | [
"We are developing an AI tool that analyzes customer profiles. Does this mean we still have to comply with EU personal data protection rules?",
"If our company is both a provider and a deployer of an AI system, can the AI Act limit our data protection duties under privacy law?",
"Who would monitor compliance wi... | [
"Yes. Under the **Regulation on Artificial Intelligence (AI Act), Preamble, recital (10)**, the fundamental right to the protection of personal data is safeguarded by the listed Union legal acts, including the General Data Protection Regulation. The AI Act does not displace those rules, even where an AI system invo... | [
"A claims insurer builds an internal AI tool to detect potentially fraudulent insurance claims. The system processes policyholder names, claim histories, attachments, and employee notes. The insurer says the AI Act is now the main legal framework for"
] | [
"No. The AI Act does not replace the existing EU and national rules on personal data. In this scenario, the insurer is using an AI system to assess claims, and that system processes personal data such as policyholder identities, claim histories, and notes. Under the **EU AI Act — Preamble (§ 10)**, the text states ... |
9 | <sup>(10)</sup> Council Directive 85/374/EEC of 25 July 1985 on the approximation of the laws, regulations and administrative provisions of the Member States concerning liability for defective products (OJ L 210, 7.8.1985, p. 29).
<sup>(11)</sup> Regulation (EU) 2016/679 of the European Parliament and of the Council o... | Regulation on Artificial Intelligence (AI Act) | [
"Preamble"
] | [
"Which EU legal instrument in the AI Act preamble is identified as the GDPR?"
] | [
"Regulation (EU) 2016/679, the General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR)."
] | [
"Can the AI Act Preamble recognise rights related to solely automated individual decision-making and profiling?",
"Which Union laws on personal data or related rights are referenced in the AI Act Preamble?",
"How are harmonised AI rules intended to support data subjects' rights and remedies?",
"Does the AI Ac... | [
"Under the Regulation on Artificial Intelligence (AI Act), Preamble, the relevant Union law expressly includes rights and guarantees relating to solely automated individual decision-making, including profiling. The Preamble states that such rights and guarantees are included within Union law on the protection of pe... | [
"We are developing an AI tool that scores applicants automatically. What rights should we be aware of?",
"If we roll out our AI system across the EU, are the rules only about putting it on the market?",
"Can users affected by automated AI decisions rely on data protection rights?",
"We are concerned that our ... | [
"Yes. The Regulation on Artificial Intelligence (AI Act), Preamble states that rights and guarantees under Union law include “the rights related to solely automated individual decision-making, including profiling.” It also says that harmonised rules for the placing on the market, putting into service and use of AI ... | [
"An employer uses an AI recruiting tool to rank job applications and automatically shortlist candidates based on CVs and online profiles. Some applicants say the system excluded them without any meaningful explanation. Before rolling the tool out across several EU Member States, the employer asks whether AI Act com... | [
"Legal reference: Regulation on Artificial Intelligence (AI Act), category: EU AI regulation, section: Preamble (§).\n\nThe excerpt indicates that harmonised AI rules are intended to support the effective implementation and exercise of data subjects’ rights and remedies under Union law on personal data protection a... |
10 | - (11) This Regulation should be without prejudice to the provisions regarding the liability of providers of intermediary services as set out in Regulation (EU) 2022/2065 of the European Parliament and of the Council <sup>(15)</sup>. | Regulation on Artificial Intelligence (AI Act) | [
"Preamble"
] | [
"Which EU rule does the AI Act preamble say it does not affect regarding intermediary-service provider liability?"
] | [
"The AI Act is without prejudice to the intermediary-service provider liability rules in Regulation (EU) 2022/2065, the Digital Services Act."
] | [
"Does the AI Act override the liability rules for providers of intermediary services?",
"How does this AI Act provision interact with the liability rules for intermediary service providers?",
"Does recital (11) of the AI Act define the liability of intermediary service providers?",
"What does “without prejudi... | [
"In the preamble to the Regulation on Artificial Intelligence (AI Act), recital (11) states that the Regulation should be “without prejudice to the provisions regarding the liability of providers of intermediary services as set out in Regulation (EU) 2022/2065.” This means that, according to this section, the AI Ac... | [
"We run an online marketplace where third parties list products, and we also use automated recommendation tools. If a liability issue arises involving those tools, do the EU AI rules change the liability framework that applies to us as an intermediary service provider?",
"Our company provides hosting services for... | [
"No. Under the Regulation on Artificial Intelligence (AI Act), Preamble ¶(11), the text states that the AI Regulation is “without prejudice to the provisions regarding the liability of providers of intermediary services as set out in Regulation (EU) 2022/2065.” In other words, this provision does not override the l... | [
"A university uses an AI tool to screen student support applications. A student claims the tool’s decision was unlawful and sues both the university and the AI software provider. Does the AI Act automatically remove the AI provider’s liability just because the tool is used in higher education?\n\nLegal category: EU... | [
"Legal category: EU AI Act. Section: Preamble, recital 11 (§ 11).\n\nThe AI Act does not change the separate rules on liability for online intermediary services. If your platform is treated as an intermediary service and a claimant relies on intermediary-service liability rules, the AI Act should not be used to ove... |
11 | - (12) The notion of 'AI system' in this Regulation should be clearly defined and should be closely aligned with the work of international organisations working on AI to ensure legal certainty, facilitate international convergence and wide acceptance, while providing the flexibility to accommodate the rapid technologic... | Regulation on Artificial Intelligence (AI Act) | [
"Preamble"
] | [
"How is an AI system defined under the Preamble to the EU AI Act?"
] | [
"Under the Preamble of the EU AI Act, an AI system is a machine-based system designed to operate with varying levels of autonomy and to infer—using machine learning or logic- and knowledge-based approaches—outputs such as predictions, content, recommendations, or decisions that can affect physical or virtual enviro... | [
"What makes a software system an AI system rather than ordinary software?",
"What does the AI Act mean by an AI system’s capability to infer?",
"Is a rules-based automated system considered an AI system under this section?",
"Which technical approaches are recognised as enabling inference under the AI Act def... | [
"Under the Regulation on Artificial Intelligence (AI Act), Preamble, an AI system is generally characterised by its capability to infer. This means it can generate outputs such as predictions, content, recommendations, or decisions that may influence physical or virtual environments. It may also derive models or al... | [
"We are developing software that analyzes customer data and generates risk scores, recommendations, and automated decisions. Does this count as an AI system?",
"Our invoicing software automatically applies approval rules that our finance team has set. Is that considered an AI system?",
"What does the AI Act mea... | [
"Under the Regulation on Artificial Intelligence (AI Act), Preamble §(12), an AI system is characterized by its capability to infer. That inference may take the form of producing outputs such as predictions, content, recommendations, or decisions, and those outputs can influence physical or virtual environments. Th... | [
"A local estate agent uses a spreadsheet macro to automatically reject rental applications that fail a list of criteria drafted by a human employee, such as income threshold, tenancy history, and document completeness. No model is trained, no historical data is used, and the macro merely applies the fixed criteria.... | [
"Law category: Regulation on Artificial Intelligence (AI Act). Law section: Preamble (§ Preamble).\n\nBased on the Preamble, the estate agent’s position is likely sound on the stated facts. The text says the AI concept should be distinguished from simpler traditional software or programming approaches and should no... |
12 | The adaptiveness that an AI system could exhibit after deployment, refers to self-learning capabilities, allowing the system to change while in use. AI systems can be used on a stand-alone basis or as a component of a product, irrespective of whether the system is physically integrated into the product (embedded) or se... | Regulation on Artificial Intelligence (AI Act) | [
"Preamble"
] | [
"Under the EU AI Act, what does adaptiveness after deployment mean, and how can AI systems be used?"
] | [
"In the EU AI Act’s preamble, adaptiveness after deployment refers to an AI system’s self-learning capabilities that allow it to change while it is in use. AI systems may be used either stand-alone or as part of a product, whether physically embedded or non-embedded."
] | [
"Can an AI system change after it has been deployed?",
"What does adaptiveness mean for an AI system?",
"Can an AI system operate independently rather than as part of a larger product?",
"Can an AI system be integrated into a broader product as a component?",
"Does it matter whether an AI system is physical... | [
"Yes. Under the Regulation on Artificial Intelligence (AI Act), Preamble, an AI system may be regarded as adaptive where it has self-learning capabilities that allow it to change while in use after deployment.",
"Yes. Under the Regulation on Artificial Intelligence (AI Act), Preamble, adaptiveness is linked to se... | [
"If an AI system improves or changes based on its use after we put it into service, how should we describe that feature?",
"Can an AI system be deployed as a standalone software tool, or does it have to be attached to a product?",
"If we integrate an AI system into a larger product, does it still count as an AI... | [
"Under the Regulation on Artificial Intelligence (AI Act), in the Preamble, adaptiveness after deployment means the AI system may have self-learning capabilities that allow it to change while it is being used. This means the system is not necessarily fixed after deployment if it can learn and adapt during operation... | [
"A logistics company uses an AI tool to optimise warehouse picking routes. The model is deployed on Monday and, over the following weeks, it adjusts its route recommendations as it receives new data on traffic inside the warehouse, order volumes, and staff movements. During a compliance review, the company asks whe... | [
"Yes. The scenario falls within the concept described in the AI Act chunk because the system is not static after launch: it keeps adjusting its routing logic based on live data. Under the **Regulation on Artificial Intelligence (AI Act), § Preamble**, the text expressly recognises that an AI system may change after... |
13 | - (13) The notion of 'deployer' referred to in this Regulation should be interpreted as any natural or legal person, including a public authority, agency or other body, using an AI system under its authority, except where the AI system is used in the course of a personal non-professional activity. Depending on the type... | Regulation on Artificial Intelligence (AI Act) | [
"Preamble"
] | [
"Under the AI Act, how is “biometric identification” defined?"
] | [
"Under the AI Act, “biometric identification” means automated recognition of physical, physiological or behavioural human features to establish a person’s identity by comparing their biometric data with a reference database, regardless of consent. It excludes biometric verification used only to confirm identity for... | [
"If a city council uses an AI system to process public-authority tasks, is the city council considered a “deployer” of that AI system?",
"If I use an AI system for a private, personal purpose rather than for professional or organisational purposes, am I a “deployer” under the AI Act?",
"Can the use of an AI sys... | [
"Yes. Under the Regulation on Artificial Intelligence (AI Act), Preamble, Recital 13, the notion of “deployer” is interpreted as including “any natural or legal person, including a public authority, agency or other body, using an AI system under its authority.” Therefore, a city council using an AI system in the ex... | [
"We are a local authority using an AI system to automate parts of our permit-assessment process. Are we the deployer of that AI system?",
"Our clinic wants to use an AI tool that analyses patients’ facial expressions and body posture to infer stress levels. Is that biometric data?",
"We use facial recognition a... | [
"Yes. Under the Regulation on Artificial Intelligence (AI Act), Preamble, recital 13, a ‘deployer’ includes any natural or legal person, including a public authority, agency or other body, using an AI system under its authority. The exception is where the AI system is used in the course of a personal non-profession... | [
"A city employment agency uses an AI tool to screen job-seeker files and recommend which applicants should be contacted first. The tool also sends information to other public services that may influence the applicants’ outcomes. For compliance purposes, can the city agency be treated as the entity using the AI syst... | [
"Yes. Under the Regulation on Artificial Intelligence (AI Act), law category, § Preamble, recital (13), the relevant concept applies to any natural or legal person, including a public authority, agency or other body, using an AI system under its authority, except where the system is used in a purely personal non-pr... |
14 | - (16) The notion of ‘biometric categorisation’ referred to in this Regulation should be defined as assigning natural persons to specific categories on the basis of their biometric data. Such specific categories can relate to aspects such as sex, age, hair colour, eye colour, tattoos, behavioural or personality traits,... | Regulation on Artificial Intelligence (AI Act) | [
"Preamble"
] | [
"How does the AI Act define biometric categorisation, and when does it not apply as an ancillary feature?"
] | [
"Under the AI Act’s Preamble, biometric categorisation means assigning natural persons to specific categories based on biometric data, such as sex, age, hair colour, eye colour, tattoos, behavioural or personality traits, language, religion, minority membership, or sexual or political orientation. It excludes purel... | [
"What does biometric categorisation mean under the AI Act?",
"When can a biometric categorisation feature be considered only ancillary to another service?",
"Are facial or body filtering tools used on online marketplaces covered as biometric categorisation?",
"Can social media filters that modify facial or bo... | [
"Under the Regulation on Artificial Intelligence (AI Act), Preamble, recital (16), 'biometric categorisation' means assigning natural persons to specific categories on the basis of their biometric data. The categories may concern, for example, sex, age, hair colour, eye colour, tattoos, behavioural or personality t... | [
"We want to use a camera-based system to assign website visitors to categories such as sex, age, or hair colour based on their face. Is that biometric categorisation?",
"Our online marketplace lets shoppers preview products on themselves and uses filters that categorise facial or body features. Can that be treate... | [
"Under the Regulation on Artificial Intelligence (AI Act), Preamble §16, “biometric categorisation” is defined as “assigning natural persons to specific categories on the basis of their biometric data.” Categories may include sex, age, hair colour, eye colour, tattoos, behavioural or personality traits, language, r... | [
"An online fashion retailer has added a camera-based styling tool to its app. When a shopper selects glasses or scarves, the tool uses the shopper’s face and body shape to show how the item would look. The feature is only available inside the product page and checkout flow; it is not offered as a separate editing a... | [
"Based on those facts, it is likely outside the Regulation’s treatment of biometric categorisation. The relevant provision is the Regulation on Artificial Intelligence (AI Act), § Preamble. The tool would otherwise involve classifying a shopper by facial or body features using biometric data, but the text excludes ... |
15 | - (17) The notion of ‘remote biometric identification system’ referred to in this Regulation should be defined functionally, as an AI system intended for the identification of natural persons without their active involvement, typically at a distance, through the comparison of a person’s biometric data with the biometri... | Regulation on Artificial Intelligence (AI Act) | [
"Preamble"
] | [
"Under the AI Act preamble, what is a \"remote biometric identification system\"?",
"Which biometric AI systems are excluded from the AI Act definition of \"remote biometric identification\"?",
"How does the AI Act preamble define \"real-time\" remote biometric identification systems?",
"How does the AI Act p... | [
"A \"remote biometric identification system\" is an AI system intended to identify natural persons without their active involvement, typically at a distance, by comparing their biometric data with data in a reference database, regardless of the technology or biometric data type used.",
"It excludes biometric veri... | [
"What does the AI Act mean by a 'remote biometric identification system'?",
"Is facial recognition used to unlock a phone or verify someone’s identity for accessing a service covered as a remote biometric identification system?",
"How is a real-time biometric identification system distinguished from a non-real-... | [
"A 'remote biometric identification system' is a functionally defined AI system intended to identify natural persons without their active involvement, typically at a distance, by comparing a person’s biometric data with biometric data in a reference database. The definition applies regardless of the technology, pro... | [
"We are deploying an AI tool that compares faces from a live camera feed with a database to identify people passing through a facility without asking them to do anything. How is that classified?",
"Our facial recognition feature lets employees unlock their phones by confirming their identity. Is that considered r... | [
"Under the Regulation on Artificial Intelligence (AI Act), Preamble recital (17), this would fall within the concept of a remote biometric identification system if the AI system is intended to identify natural persons without their active involvement, typically at a distance, by comparing their biometric data with ... | [
"A retail park installs a camera-based system at its entrances. The tool scans shoppers as they enter and checks their faces against a list of banned customers. It takes about one second to produce a match. For a privacy review, should this be classified as a broad facial-identification system rather than ordinary ... | [
"Yes. **Law category: Regulation on Artificial Intelligence (AI Act); Section: Preamble (§ Preamble).** Under the provided Preamble text, this should be treated as a remote biometric identification system because the tool is intended to identify natural persons without their active participation, at a distance, by ... |
16 | - (18) The notion of ‘emotion recognition system’ referred to in this Regulation should be defined as an AI system for the purpose of identifying or inferring emotions or intentions of natural persons on the basis of their biometric data. The notion refers to emotions or intentions such as happiness, sadness, anger, su... | Regulation on Artificial Intelligence (AI Act) | [
"Preamble"
] | [
"How does the EU AI Act define an \"emotion recognition system\"?"
] | [
"An \"emotion recognition system\" under the EU AI Act is an AI system that identifies or infers the emotions or intentions of natural persons using their biometric data, such as inferring happiness, sadness, anger, surprise, or similar emotional states. It does not cover physical conditions like pain or fatigue, f... | [
"Does the definition cover systems that detect a professional pilot’s or driver’s fatigue to prevent accidents?",
"Is a system that merely detects a smile, frown, hand gesture, head movement, raised voice or whispering automatically an emotion recognition system?",
"Are voice characteristics such as a raised vo... | [
"Yes. Under the Regulation on Artificial Intelligence (AI Act), Preamble, recital (18), an emotion recognition system is an AI system used to identify or infer emotions or intentions of natural persons on the basis of biometric data. Examples of covered emotions or intentions include happiness, sadness, anger, surp... | [
"Our marketing platform will use facial images and other biometric inputs to decide whether a customer appears happy, sad, angry or surprised. If we use that information for product recommendations, should we treat the tool as one that identifies or infers emotions or intentions?",
"We are developing a fatigue-mo... | [
"Relevant law category: Regulation on Artificial Intelligence (AI Act); section: Preamble, recital (18). Under that provision, the relevant definition covers an AI system for identifying or inferring emotions or intentions of natural persons on the basis of biometric data. The examples include happiness, sadness, a... | [
"A language-learning app asks students to keep their webcam on during lessons. It analyses their facial expressions and voice tone, then labels each student as “confused,” “frustrated” or “engaged” so the lesson can be adjusted. The provider says it is only detecting expressions. Is the app covered by the rule on s... | [
"Yes. **Law category: AI Act. §: Preamble.** The rule covers an AI system that identifies or infers emotions or intentions of natural persons from biometric data. The text specifically includes emotions such as happiness, sadness, anger, surprise, disgust, embarrassment, excitement, shame, contempt, satisfaction an... |
17 | - (19) For the purposes of this Regulation the notion of ‘publicly accessible space’ should be understood as referring to any physical space that is accessible to an undetermined number of natural persons, and irrespective of whether the space in question is privately or publicly owned, irrespective of the activity for... | Regulation on Artificial Intelligence (AI Act) | [
"Preamble"
] | [
"What does the EU AI Act mean by a 'publicly accessible space'?"
] | [
"Under the EU AI Act, a 'publicly accessible space' is any physical space accessible to an undetermined number of natural persons, regardless of whether it is privately or publicly owned. This includes places such as shops, restaurants, cafés, banks, gyms, transport stations, airports, means of transport, cinemas, ... | [
"Is a privately owned shopping centre or shop a publicly accessible space?",
"Are gyms, stadiums, airports and cinemas publicly accessible spaces under the AI Act?",
"Does requiring a ticket, registration or a minimum age mean a place is not publicly accessible?",
"Are employee-only offices, factories or work... | [
"Yes. Under the Regulation on Artificial Intelligence (AI Act), Preamble, recital 19, a space is publicly accessible if it is accessible to an undetermined number of natural persons, regardless of whether it is privately or publicly owned. The recital expressly includes commercial spaces such as shops, restaurants ... | [
"We operate a privately owned café with normal customer access. Is that type of premises considered a publicly accessible physical space?",
"Our gym requires prior registration and has capacity and security checks at entry. Does that mean it is not publicly accessible?",
"Our company offices and factory areas a... | [
"Under the Regulation on Artificial Intelligence (AI Act), Preamble §19, yes. A shop, restaurant, café, or similar commercial premises can be a publicly accessible space if it is a physical space accessible to an undetermined number of natural persons, regardless of whether it is privately or publicly owned. Recita... | [
"A privately owned shopping centre with shops, cafés, security checks and paid parking wants to know whether its common areas are treated as public spaces under the AI Act.",
"A company leaves a side door unlocked for staff convenience, but signs state that the area is for employees and approved service providers... | [
"Yes. The shopping centre should be treated as a public area for the purposes of the AI Act. The relevant provision is in the Regulation on Artificial Intelligence (AI Act), Preamble (§), where the concept of an area open to the public is based on physical access by an indeterminate number of people, not on who own... |
18 | Whether a given space is accessible to the public should however be determined on a case-by-case basis, having regard to the specificities of the individual situation at hand. | Regulation on Artificial Intelligence (AI Act) | [
"Preamble"
] | [
"Which EU statute and policy section state that public accessibility of a space should be assessed case-by-case?",
"How should the accessibility of a space to the public be assessed under the AI Act Preamble?"
] | [
"The AI Act, Preamble.",
"It should be determined case-by-case, taking account of the specific circumstances of the individual situation."
] | [
"Can the accessibility of a space to the public be determined by a general rule, or must it be assessed individually?",
"What is the proper basis for deciding whether a particular space is accessible to the public?",
"Does a space have to be classified as either publicly accessible or non-public as a matter of ... | [
"Under the Regulation on Artificial Intelligence (AI Act), in the Preamble, whether a space is accessible to the public must be assessed on a case-by-case basis, taking into account the specificities of the individual situation at hand.",
"Under the Regulation on Artificial Intelligence (AI Act), in the Preamble,... | [
"Can we treat a facility as publicly accessible simply because it is not a private home or residence?",
"Our office lobby requires badge access and visitor registration. Does that make it non-public for this assessment?",
"If a shopping mall atrium is open during business hours but closed outside those hours, h... | [
"Under the Regulation on Artificial Intelligence (AI Act), Preamble, the relevant point is that “whether a given space is accessible to the public should however be determined on a case-by-case basis, having regard to the specificities of the individual situation at hand.” Therefore, the access status should be ass... | [
"An independent café has installed an AI-powered queue monitoring system at its entrance and main seating area. The owner wants to know whether the area should be treated as open to the public simply because members of the public may come in and purchase food. How should this be assessed?",
"A residential apartme... | [
"Category: Regulation on Artificial Intelligence (AI Act); Section: Preamble (§ Preamble).\n\nNo automatic conclusion can be drawn merely because the café is open during trading hours. Under the AI Act’s Preamble, the relevant approach is an individualized, fact-specific assessment of the situation. The café’s cust... |
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