Datasets:

Voxel51
/

Dur360BEV-Extended

Error code:   StreamingRowsError
Exception:    CastError
Message:      Couldn't cast
samples: list<item: struct<_id: struct<$oid: string>, filepath: string, tags: list<item: null>, _media_type:  (... 560 chars omitted)
  child 0, item: struct<_id: struct<$oid: string>, filepath: string, tags: list<item: null>, _media_type: string, _ra (... 548 chars omitted)
      child 0, _id: struct<$oid: string>
          child 0, $oid: string
      child 1, filepath: string
      child 2, tags: list<item: null>
          child 0, item: null
      child 3, _media_type: string
      child 4, _rand: double
      child 5, episode_num: int64
      child 6, frame_count: int64
      child 7, first_frame: string
      child 8, last_frame: string
      child 9, split: string
      child 10, train_frames: int64
      child 11, test_frames: int64
      child 12, duration_s: double
      child 13, message_count: int64
      child 14, channel_count: int64
      child 15, topics: list<item: string>
          child 0, item: string
      child 16, schemas: list<item: string>
          child 0, item: string
      child 17, has_image: bool
      child 18, has_pointcloud: bool
      child 19, has_gps: bool
      child 20, has_annotations: bool
      child 21, dataset_version: string
      child 22, sensor_camera: string
      child 23, sensor_lidar: string
      child 24, sensor_gnss: string
      child 25, _dataset_id: struct<$oid: string>
          child 0, $oid: string
      child 26, created_at: struct<$date: string>
          child 0, $date: string
      child 27, last_modified_at: str
...
bedded_doc_type: string, subfield: string, fields:  (... 318 chars omitted)
  child 0, item: struct<name: string, ftype: string, embedded_doc_type: string, subfield: string, fields: list<item:  (... 306 chars omitted)
      child 0, name: string
      child 1, ftype: string
      child 2, embedded_doc_type: string
      child 3, subfield: string
      child 4, fields: list<item: struct<name: string, ftype: string, embedded_doc_type: null, subfield: null, fields: list (... 115 chars omitted)
          child 0, item: struct<name: string, ftype: string, embedded_doc_type: null, subfield: null, fields: list<item: null (... 103 chars omitted)
              child 0, name: string
              child 1, ftype: string
              child 2, embedded_doc_type: null
              child 3, subfield: null
              child 4, fields: list<item: null>
                  child 0, item: null
              child 5, db_field: string
              child 6, description: null
              child 7, info: null
              child 8, read_only: bool
              child 9, created_at: struct<$date: string>
                  child 0, $date: string
      child 5, db_field: string
      child 6, description: null
      child 7, info: null
      child 8, read_only: bool
      child 9, created_at: struct<$date: string>
          child 0, $date: string
sample_collection_name: string
media_type: string
version: string
slug: string
persistent: bool
created_at: struct<$date: string>
  child 0, $date: string
to
{'_id': {'$oid': Value('string')}, 'name': Value('string'), 'slug': Value('string'), 'version': Value('string'), 'created_at': {'$date': Value('string')}, 'last_modified_at': {'$date': Value('string')}, 'last_deletion_at': Value('null'), 'last_loaded_at': {'$date': Value('string')}, 'sample_collection_name': Value('string'), 'persistent': Value('bool'), 'media_type': Value('string'), 'group_media_types': Json(decode=True), 'tags': List(Value('null')), 'info': Json(decode=True), 'app_config': {'dynamic_groups_target_frame_rate': Value('int64'), 'grid_media_field': Value('string'), 'media_fallback': Value('bool'), 'media_fields': List(Value('string')), 'modal_media_field': Value('string'), 'plugins': Json(decode=True)}, 'classes': Json(decode=True), 'default_classes': List(Value('null')), 'mask_targets': Json(decode=True), 'default_mask_targets': Json(decode=True), 'skeletons': Json(decode=True), 'camera_intrinsics': Json(decode=True), 'static_transforms': Json(decode=True), 'sample_fields': List({'name': Value('string'), 'ftype': Value('string'), 'embedded_doc_type': Value('string'), 'subfield': Value('string'), 'fields': List({'name': Value('string'), 'ftype': Value('string'), 'embedded_doc_type': Value('null'), 'subfield': Value('null'), 'fields': List(Value('null')), 'db_field': Value('string'), 'description': Value('null'), 'info': Value('null'), 'read_only': Value('bool'), 'created_at': {'$date': Value('string')}}), 'db_field': Value('string'), 'description': Value('null'), 'info': Value('null'), 'read_only': Value('bool'), 'created_at': {'$date': Value('string')}}), 'frame_fields': List(Value('null')), 'saved_views': List(Value('null')), 'workspaces': List(Value('null')), 'annotation_runs': Json(decode=True), 'brain_methods': Json(decode=True), 'evaluations': Json(decode=True), 'runs': Json(decode=True), 'active_label_schemas': List(Value('null')), 'label_schemas': Json(decode=True), 'frame_label_schemas': Json(decode=True)}
because column names don't match
Traceback:    Traceback (most recent call last):
                File "/src/services/worker/src/worker/utils.py", line 147, in get_rows_or_raise
                  return get_rows(
                      dataset=dataset,
                  ...<4 lines>...
                      column_names=column_names,
                  )
                File "/src/libs/libcommon/src/libcommon/utils.py", line 272, in decorator
                  return func(*args, **kwargs)
                File "/src/services/worker/src/worker/utils.py", line 127, in get_rows
                  rows_plus_one = list(itertools.islice(safe_iter(ds, dataset=dataset), rows_max_number + 1))
                File "/src/services/worker/src/worker/utils.py", line 483, in safe_iter
                  yield from ds.decode(False) if ds.features else ds
                File "/usr/local/lib/python3.14/site-packages/datasets/iterable_dataset.py", line 2840, in __iter__
                  for key, example in ex_iterable:
                                      ^^^^^^^^^^^
                File "/usr/local/lib/python3.14/site-packages/datasets/iterable_dataset.py", line 2373, in __iter__
                  for key, pa_table in self._iter_arrow():
                                       ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~^^
                File "/usr/local/lib/python3.14/site-packages/datasets/iterable_dataset.py", line 2398, in _iter_arrow
                  for key, pa_table in self.ex_iterable._iter_arrow():
                                       ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~^^
                File "/usr/local/lib/python3.14/site-packages/datasets/iterable_dataset.py", line 536, in _iter_arrow
                  for key, pa_table in iterator:
                                       ^^^^^^^^
                File "/usr/local/lib/python3.14/site-packages/datasets/iterable_dataset.py", line 419, in _iter_arrow
                  for key, pa_table in self.generate_tables_fn(**gen_kwags):
                                       ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~^^^^^^^^^^^^^
                File "/usr/local/lib/python3.14/site-packages/datasets/packaged_modules/json/json.py", line 343, in _generate_tables
                  self._cast_table(pa_table, json_field_paths=json_field_paths),
                  ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
                File "/usr/local/lib/python3.14/site-packages/datasets/packaged_modules/json/json.py", line 132, in _cast_table
                  pa_table = table_cast(pa_table, self.info.features.arrow_schema)
                File "/usr/local/lib/python3.14/site-packages/datasets/table.py", line 2378, in table_cast
                  return cast_table_to_schema(table, schema)
                File "/usr/local/lib/python3.14/site-packages/datasets/table.py", line 2306, in cast_table_to_schema
                  raise CastError(
                  ...<3 lines>...
                  )
              datasets.table.CastError: Couldn't cast
              samples: list<item: struct<_id: struct<$oid: string>, filepath: string, tags: list<item: null>, _media_type:  (... 560 chars omitted)
                child 0, item: struct<_id: struct<$oid: string>, filepath: string, tags: list<item: null>, _media_type: string, _ra (... 548 chars omitted)
                    child 0, _id: struct<$oid: string>
                        child 0, $oid: string
                    child 1, filepath: string
                    child 2, tags: list<item: null>
                        child 0, item: null
                    child 3, _media_type: string
                    child 4, _rand: double
                    child 5, episode_num: int64
                    child 6, frame_count: int64
                    child 7, first_frame: string
                    child 8, last_frame: string
                    child 9, split: string
                    child 10, train_frames: int64
                    child 11, test_frames: int64
                    child 12, duration_s: double
                    child 13, message_count: int64
                    child 14, channel_count: int64
                    child 15, topics: list<item: string>
                        child 0, item: string
                    child 16, schemas: list<item: string>
                        child 0, item: string
                    child 17, has_image: bool
                    child 18, has_pointcloud: bool
                    child 19, has_gps: bool
                    child 20, has_annotations: bool
                    child 21, dataset_version: string
                    child 22, sensor_camera: string
                    child 23, sensor_lidar: string
                    child 24, sensor_gnss: string
                    child 25, _dataset_id: struct<$oid: string>
                        child 0, $oid: string
                    child 26, created_at: struct<$date: string>
                        child 0, $date: string
                    child 27, last_modified_at: str
              ...
              bedded_doc_type: string, subfield: string, fields:  (... 318 chars omitted)
                child 0, item: struct<name: string, ftype: string, embedded_doc_type: string, subfield: string, fields: list<item:  (... 306 chars omitted)
                    child 0, name: string
                    child 1, ftype: string
                    child 2, embedded_doc_type: string
                    child 3, subfield: string
                    child 4, fields: list<item: struct<name: string, ftype: string, embedded_doc_type: null, subfield: null, fields: list (... 115 chars omitted)
                        child 0, item: struct<name: string, ftype: string, embedded_doc_type: null, subfield: null, fields: list<item: null (... 103 chars omitted)
                            child 0, name: string
                            child 1, ftype: string
                            child 2, embedded_doc_type: null
                            child 3, subfield: null
                            child 4, fields: list<item: null>
                                child 0, item: null
                            child 5, db_field: string
                            child 6, description: null
                            child 7, info: null
                            child 8, read_only: bool
                            child 9, created_at: struct<$date: string>
                                child 0, $date: string
                    child 5, db_field: string
                    child 6, description: null
                    child 7, info: null
                    child 8, read_only: bool
                    child 9, created_at: struct<$date: string>
                        child 0, $date: string
              sample_collection_name: string
              media_type: string
              version: string
              slug: string
              persistent: bool
              created_at: struct<$date: string>
                child 0, $date: string
              to
              {'_id': {'$oid': Value('string')}, 'name': Value('string'), 'slug': Value('string'), 'version': Value('string'), 'created_at': {'$date': Value('string')}, 'last_modified_at': {'$date': Value('string')}, 'last_deletion_at': Value('null'), 'last_loaded_at': {'$date': Value('string')}, 'sample_collection_name': Value('string'), 'persistent': Value('bool'), 'media_type': Value('string'), 'group_media_types': Json(decode=True), 'tags': List(Value('null')), 'info': Json(decode=True), 'app_config': {'dynamic_groups_target_frame_rate': Value('int64'), 'grid_media_field': Value('string'), 'media_fallback': Value('bool'), 'media_fields': List(Value('string')), 'modal_media_field': Value('string'), 'plugins': Json(decode=True)}, 'classes': Json(decode=True), 'default_classes': List(Value('null')), 'mask_targets': Json(decode=True), 'default_mask_targets': Json(decode=True), 'skeletons': Json(decode=True), 'camera_intrinsics': Json(decode=True), 'static_transforms': Json(decode=True), 'sample_fields': List({'name': Value('string'), 'ftype': Value('string'), 'embedded_doc_type': Value('string'), 'subfield': Value('string'), 'fields': List({'name': Value('string'), 'ftype': Value('string'), 'embedded_doc_type': Value('null'), 'subfield': Value('null'), 'fields': List(Value('null')), 'db_field': Value('string'), 'description': Value('null'), 'info': Value('null'), 'read_only': Value('bool'), 'created_at': {'$date': Value('string')}}), 'db_field': Value('string'), 'description': Value('null'), 'info': Value('null'), 'read_only': Value('bool'), 'created_at': {'$date': Value('string')}}), 'frame_fields': List(Value('null')), 'saved_views': List(Value('null')), 'workspaces': List(Value('null')), 'annotation_runs': Json(decode=True), 'brain_methods': Json(decode=True), 'evaluations': Json(decode=True), 'runs': Json(decode=True), 'active_label_schemas': List(Value('null')), 'label_schemas': Json(decode=True), 'frame_label_schemas': Json(decode=True)}
              because column names don't match

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Dataset Card for Dur360BEV-Extended

Dur360BEV-Extended is a real-world autonomous driving dataset extending the original Dur360BEV benchmark with 15,400 additional synchronized frames. Each frame pairs a 360° dual-fisheye RGB image (Ricoh Theta S, 1280×720), a dense 128-channel LiDAR point cloud (Ouster OS1-128), and RTK-corrected GPS/IMU (OxTS RT3000v3). Frames are annotated with 3D bounding boxes for vehicles, pedestrians, and bicycles in a 100 m × 100 m area centered on the ego vehicle.

In FiftyOne the dataset is represented as 15 multimodal MCAP episodes (~102 s each). Each episode carries image, LiDAR, GPS, 3D box wireframes (both image overlay and 3D scene), and ego-pose streams that play back in the FiftyOne multimodal viewer.

Installation

pip install -U fiftyone

Usage

import fiftyone as fo
from fiftyone.utils.huggingface import load_from_hub

# Load the dataset
dataset = load_from_hub("Voxel51/Dur360BEV-Extended")

# Launch the App
session = fo.launch_app(dataset)

Dataset Details

Dataset Sources

Repository: https://github.com/Tom-E-Durham/Dur360BEV
Paper: https://arxiv.org/abs/2503.00675 (ICRA 2025)
Demo: [More Information Needed]

Uses

Direct Use

Training and evaluating Bird's-Eye View (BEV) map generation models that consume single spherical camera imagery. The 3D bounding box annotations support vehicle, pedestrian, and bicycle detection research. The GPS/IMU data supports ego-motion estimation. The dataset is intended to be used alongside the original Dur360BEV dataset for combined training.

Out-of-Scope Use

The dataset was collected in Durham, UK in August 2024 and reflects traffic conditions and road layouts specific to that geography and time. Applications requiring geographic or temporal generalization should account for this scope.

Dataset Structure

Topology

The FiftyOne dataset contains 15 samples, one per MCAP episode. media_type = multimodal. Each episode covers approximately 102 seconds at 10 Hz (~1,027 frames). The 15,400 raw frames are divided 90/10 into train and test by the official split indices (dataset_ext_indices.pkl): 13,866 train frames and 1,534 test frames. Each sample's split field holds the dominant split for that episode.

Sample Fields

Field	FiftyOne type	Description
`filepath`	`StringField`	Absolute path to the episode's `.mcap` file
`episode_num`	`IntField`	Episode number 1–15
`frame_count`	`IntField`	Number of frames in this episode (~1,027)
`first_frame`	`StringField`	10-digit stem of the first raw frame (e.g. `1000000042`)
`last_frame`	`StringField`	10-digit stem of the last raw frame
`split`	`StringField`	Dominant official split for the episode (`"train"` or `"test"`)
`train_frames`	`IntField`	Count of train-split frames within this episode
`test_frames`	`IntField`	Count of test-split frames within this episode
`duration_s`	`FloatField`	Episode wall-clock duration in seconds
`message_count`	`IntField`	Total MCAP messages across all topics
`channel_count`	`IntField`	Number of MCAP channels
`topics`	`ListField(StringField)`	MCAP topic names present in this episode
`schemas`	`ListField(StringField)`	Foxglove schema names present in this episode
`has_image`	`BooleanField`	True — episode contains `foxglove.CompressedImage`
`has_pointcloud`	`BooleanField`	True — episode contains `foxglove.PointCloud`
`has_gps`	`BooleanField`	True — episode contains `foxglove.LocationFix`
`has_annotations`	`BooleanField`	True when `/annotations/objects` topic is present (frames without objects in the annotation area still log an empty scene update)
`dataset_version`	`StringField`	`"extended"` — distinguishes from the original Dur360BEV split
`sensor_camera`	`StringField`	Camera model string: `"Ricoh Theta S (dual-fisheye, 1280×720)"`
`sensor_lidar`	`StringField`	LiDAR model string: `"Ouster OS1-128 (128-channel, 10 Hz)"`
`sensor_gnss`	`StringField`	GNSS model string: `"OxTS RT3000v3 (RTK-corrected)"`

MCAP Topics per Episode

Each .mcap file contains the following synchronized streams:

Topic	Foxglove schema	Content
`/camera/image_raw`	`foxglove.CompressedImage`	JPEG-compressed dual-fisheye image, 1280×720, frame `camera`
`/camera/annotations`	`foxglove.ImageAnnotations`	3D box wireframes projected onto the dual-fisheye image (LineList, per-class colors)
`/camera/camera_info`	`foxglove.CameraCalibration`	Approximate Kannala-Brandt calibration for the front fisheye half (f ≈ 181 px, D = [0,0,0,0])
`/lidar/points`	`foxglove.PointCloud`	Float32 point cloud with fields x, y, z, reflectivity (4 × 4 bytes/point, stride 16); frame `lidar`
`/gps`	`foxglove.LocationFix`	RTK-corrected latitude, longitude, altitude
`/tf_static`	`foxglove.FrameTransform`	Static transforms: `base_link → lidar` and `lidar → camera` (identity, no measured extrinsic)
`/annotations/objects`	JSON	Raw 3D bounding boxes: list of `[cx, cy, cz, length_m, width_m, height_m, yaw_rad]` plus `class_names`
`/annotations/scene`	`foxglove.SceneUpdate`	3D wireframe entities in the `lidar` frame for the 3D viewer; one `SceneEntity` per box with `LinePrimitive (LineList)`
`/ego_pose`	JSON	Ego attitude: `roll_rad`, `pitch_rad`, `yaw_rad` from OxTS

Annotation Details

3D bounding boxes are stored in the LiDAR coordinate frame (x = forward, y = left, z = up). The raw label format is class dz dy dx cx cy cz yaw, where dz = height, dy = width, dx = length in meters. Yaw is in radians. Boxes are annotated within a 100 m × 100 m area centered on the ego vehicle using a combination of automated LiDAR detection (∼60%) and manual review on the Xtreme1 platform.

Class	Box count (Extended split)
Car	62,927
Pedestrian	5,813
Bicycle	228

651 of 15,400 frames (4.2%) have no annotated objects; these are included as valid frames with empty annotation streams.

Parsing decisions:

LiDAR .bin files use Ouster float32 format with 9 fields (x, y, z, intensity, time, reflectivity, ring, ambient, range). Only x, y, z, and reflectivity are written to the MCAP PointCloud to keep file sizes manageable.
Images are stored as raw 1280×720 PNG in source. The official loader crops the bottom 80 rows (img[:640]); this FiftyOne import preserves the full 720-row image. The effective dual-fisheye region occupies the top 640 rows.
The CameraCalibration at /camera/camera_info is an approximation: a Kannala-Brandt model fit to the front fisheye half only (cx ≈ 960, cy = 320, f ≈ 181 px, D = [0,0,0,0]). No measured LiDAR–camera extrinsic is provided in this dataset; the lidar → camera transform is an identity.
The Bicycle class is present in the raw label files but ignored by the official dataset loader. This FiftyOne import includes all 228 bicycle boxes.
The 15 episodes are contiguous temporal splits of the full 15,400-frame recording, divided evenly by numpy.array_split.

Dataset Creation

Curation Rationale

Dur360BEV-Extended was created to expand the scale and diversity of the Dur360BEV benchmark (ICRA 2025). The original dataset introduced the first autonomous driving benchmark targeting BEV map generation from a single spherical camera. The extended split adds 15,400 further frames from the same sensor rig and collection sites to enrich variety of traffic conditions and driving scenarios for model training and evaluation.

Source Data

Data Collection and Processing

Data was collected in Durham, UK across four distinct driving environments: campus, highway, city center, and residential neighborhoods. Collection used a Renault Twizy equipped with a Ricoh Theta S spherical camera, Ouster OS1-128 LiDAR, and OxTS RT3000v3 GNSS/INS. The camera captures at 15 Hz; the LiDAR at 10 Hz. Temporal synchronization was achieved via ROS Noetic with a 30 ms slop window, yielding synchronized 10 Hz frames. Files are named with a 1000xxxxxx prefix to distinguish the extended split from the original 0000xxxxxx frames. Collection took place in August 2024.

Who are the source data producers?

Durham University researchers in the Department of Computer Science and the Department of Engineering.

Annotations

Annotation process

3D bounding boxes were labeled on the Xtreme1 open-source annotation platform. An integrated LiDAR object detection model provided initial annotations for approximately 60% of boxes. An experienced annotator manually reviewed and completed the remaining boxes within the 100 m × 100 m annotation area.

Who are the annotators?

Durham University research team.

Personal and Sensitive Information

The dataset contains GPS coordinates corresponding to roads in Durham, UK. No personally identifiable pedestrian imagery is retained beyond what is incidentally captured in a public driving dataset.

Citation

BibTeX:

@article{wenke2025dur360bev,
  title={Dur360BEV: A Real-world 360-degree Single Camera Dataset and Benchmark for Bird-Eye View Mapping in Autonomous Driving},
  author={Wenke E and Chao Yuan and Li Li and Yixin Sun and Yona Falinie A. Gaus and Amir Atapour-Abarghouei and Toby P. Breckon},
  journal={arXiv preprint arXiv:2503.00675},
  year={2025}
}

APA:

E, W., Yuan, C., Li, L., Sun, Y., Gaus, Y. F. A., Atapour-Abarghouei, A., & Breckon, T. P. (2025). Dur360BEV: A Real-world 360-degree Single Camera Dataset and Benchmark for Bird-Eye View Mapping in Autonomous Driving. arXiv preprint arXiv:2503.00675.

More Information

The original Dur360BEV dataset (initial split, 0000xxxxxx frames) is available at https://huggingface.co/datasets/TomEeee/Dur360BEV. The two splits can be combined for fuller training coverage. The official benchmark code is at https://github.com/Tom-E-Durham/Dur360BEV.