Sawit-Weight

Two-view field photographs of oil palm fresh fruit bunches (FFB, tandan buah segar), each paired with a bounding box and the ground-truth weight measured on a scale at the collection point. The dataset targets vision-based weight estimation and bunch detection for smallholder and estate harvest logistics.

Ringkasan: 31 tandan buah segar kelapa sawit varietas TANERA dari blok 303, difoto dari dua sisi dan ditimbang langsung di lapangan. Setiap gambar disertai kotak pembatas format YOLO serta berat, tinggi, lingkar, fraksi kematangan, dan berat brondolan.

Contents

Quantity	Value
Trees (capture units)	31
Images	62 (2 sides per tree)
Annotated bunches	31
Bounding boxes	62
Image resolution	2448 x 3264 (portrait)
Variety	TANERA
Block	303
Capture date	2026-09-14
Total size	~359 MB

Every bunch is photographed twice, from side 1 and side 2. The two boxes of the same bunch are linked through bunch_id, so a model can be trained on single views or on paired views.

Loading

from datasets import load_dataset

ds = load_dataset("ULM-DS-Lab/Sawit-Weight", split="train")
sample = ds[0]
sample["image"]                       # PIL.Image
sample["objects"]["weight_kg"]        # [16.928]
sample["objects"]["bbox_yolo"]        # [[cx, cy, w, h]] normalised

Per-tree records, which group both sides of a bunch together, are in annotations/trees.jsonl:

import json

trees = [json.loads(line) for line in open("annotations/trees.jsonl", encoding="utf-8")]

Layout

data/train/                    62 JPEG images + metadata.jsonl (one row per image)
annotations/labels/            YOLO .txt labels, one per image (62 files)
annotations/trees.jsonl        one row per tree, both sides grouped by bunch_id
annotations/classes.txt        class names, one per line
annotations/data.yaml          Ultralytics YOLO configuration
annotations/raw/               the as-captured record, untouched by the corrections below
annotations/raw/trees/         original per-tree capture JSON (31 files)
annotations/raw/labels/        original YOLO labels (62 files)
annotations/raw/manifests/     SHA-256 manifest per tree (31 files)
annotations/raw/device_metadata/  capture device and GPS record per tree (31 files)
annotations/raw/capture_set.json  session descriptor and per-tree content digests
scripts/verify_dataset.py      re-checks every SHA-256 and every annotation invariant

Fields

data/train/metadata.jsonl — one row per image

Field	Type	Description
file_name	string	Image path relative to data/train/
tree_name	string	Capture unit identifier, e.g. TANERA_303_BW_0001
tree_index	int	Sequential tree number within the session
side_index	int	0 = side 1, 1 = side 2
width, height	int	Pixel dimensions
variety	string	Palm variety
block	string	Plantation block
capture_date	string	YYYY-MM-DD
captured_at	string	ISO 8601 timestamp of the capture
session_id, capture_set_id, device_token	string	Session provenance
capture_origin	string	PHONE_CAMERA
rgb_sha256	string	SHA-256 of the JPEG bytes
num_bunches	int	Number of boxes in this image
gps_status	string	LOCATION_OFF, FRESH, or STALE
gps_source, gps_provider	string	CURRENT_FIX/LAST_KNOWN, gps/network
gps_lat, gps_lng, gps_accuracy_m	float	Null when GPS was off
objects	struct of lists	Per-box annotations, described below

objects — parallel lists, one entry per box

Field	Type	Description
bbox_yolo	list[float[4]]	[cx, cy, w, h], normalised to [0, 1]
bbox_pixel	list[int[4]]	[x1, y1, x2, y2] in pixels
bunch_id	list[int]	Links the same bunch across both sides of a tree
weight_kg	list[float]	Scale-measured bunch weight
height_cm	list[int]	Bunch height
circumference_cm	list[int]	Bunch circumference
ripeness_fraction	list[int]	Ripeness class 1-5, higher means riper
ripeness_fraction_source	list[string]	field_note or visual_estimate
loose_fruit_kg	list[float]	Detached loose fruit (brondolan) weighed with the bunch
notes	list[string]	Field note, with the FAKSI misspelling normalised to FRAKSI
bbox_source	list[string]	field or visual_estimate

annotations/trees.jsonl carries the same measurements grouped per tree, plus total_weight_kg, total_detections, and the appearances of each bunch across sides.

Measurement ranges

Variable	Min	Max	Mean
weight_kg	3.20	34.22	16.89
height_cm	48	72	62.68
circumference_cm	88	135	110.65
loose_fruit_kg	0.814	6.650	2.776

Ripeness distribution: fraction 1 (1), 2 (3), 3 (7), 4 (14), 5 (6).

Ripeness follows the Indonesian fraksi scale for fresh fruit bunches, which grades a bunch by how many fruits have detached: 1 is the least ripe, with a full, tightly packed bunch and almost no empty sockets, and 5 is over-ripe, with most fruit shed and the spikelets exposed and drying.

Collection

Bunches were photographed at the collection point immediately after harvest with a phone camera, then weighed on a field scale. Height, circumference, ripeness fraction, and loose fruit weight were recorded by hand on the same form. Bounding boxes were drawn by the field team and linked across the two sides of each tree; one box the team missed was added later from the image and is flagged as such.

Each tree ships with a SHA-256 manifest covering its images, labels, and JSON. The script re-checks those digests and confirms that the corrected layer changes nothing beyond the declared corrections:

python scripts/verify_dataset.py .

Corrections applied

The field record had three gaps. Each was resolved by reviewing the photographs against the bunches whose ripeness the field team did record, and every correction is flagged in the data so it can be filtered out. The untouched original is kept under annotations/raw/, where the per-tree SHA-256 manifests still validate.

Tree	Problem in the field record	Correction	Flag
0003	Note read FRAKSI with no digit	ripeness_fraction = 4	ripeness_fraction_source = visual_estimate
0004	Note read FRAKSI with no digit	ripeness_fraction = 2	ripeness_fraction_source = visual_estimate
0005	No fraction line at all	ripeness_fraction = 5	ripeness_fraction_source = visual_estimate
0004 side 2	Bunch left unannotated, empty label file	box added at [820, 1185, 1692, 1826]	bbox_source = visual_estimate
0014-0027	Notes misspell FRAKSI as FAKSI	spelling normalised in notes	original text in annotations/raw/trees/

Reasoning behind the three ripeness calls, for anyone who wants to revisit them:

• 0003 retains far more fruit than the fraction 5 references but shows markedly more exposed spikelets and empty sockets than the fraction 3 references, matching fraction 4.
• 0004 is the fullest bunch in the dataset, with tightly packed fruit and almost no empty sockets, but its fruit already carries the red tone of an early-ripe bunch rather than the darker cast of fraction 1. Graded fraction 2 by the data owner.
• 0005 is almost entirely shed and drying, visually indistinguishable from the fraction 5 references.

To train only on field-recorded annotations, keep rows where every entry of ripeness_fraction_source is field_note and every entry of bbox_source is field.

Known limitations

Read these before training on the dataset.

• Single site, single variety, single day. All 31 trees are variety TANERA from block 303, captured on 2026-09-14. Models fitted here will not transfer to other varieties, regions, or lighting conditions without further data.
• Small sample. 31 weighed bunches is enough to prototype a pipeline, not to fit a production regressor.
• Three ripeness labels and one box are visual estimates, not field measurements. See the corrections above.
• Ripeness is imbalanced. Fraction 4 holds 14 of 31 bunches while fraction 1 holds a single one, so the dataset will not support a balanced five-class classifier as it stands.
• GPS is absent for 13 trees. Trees 0001-0013 were captured with location off. Two further readings (0020, 0024) come from the network provider at 300 m accuracy rather than the GNSS receiver; check gps_accuracy_m before using coordinates.
• Some measurements look estimated. Five bunches have integer weights (17, 30, 15, 15, 17 kg) and loose_fruit_kg of 1.3 repeats across five trees, which suggests rounding at entry time rather than scale readings.
• One implausible loose fruit value. Tree 0007 records 5.624 kg of loose fruit against a 3.2 kg bunch. The value is preserved as recorded but should be treated as suspect.
• No operator attribution. operator is UNKNOWN for every tree.

Coordinates

Trees 0014-0031 include GNSS coordinates at 5-15 m accuracy, published at full precision with the consent of the data owner. They identify a specific plantation block in South Kalimantan, Indonesia.

License

Released under CC BY-NC 4.0. Attribution required; commercial use is not permitted.

Citation

@misc{ulm_ds_lab_sawit_weight,
  title  = {Sawit-Weight: Two-View Oil Palm Fresh Fruit Bunch Images with Measured Weights},
  author = {{ULM Data Science Lab}},
  year   = {2026},
  url    = {https://huggingface.co/datasets/ULM-DS-Lab/Sawit-Weight}
}