abstract stringlengths 48 1.82k | output stringlengths 73 578 |
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Using low energy Time-of-Flight Scattering and Recoil Spectroscopy (TOF-SARS)
and Mass Spectroscopy of Recoiled Ions (MSRI) we analyze the surface structure
of an atomically smooth BaBiO$_3$ film grown by molecular beam epitaxy. We
demonstrate high sensitivity of the TOF-SARS and MSRI spectra to slight changes
in the... | Here are the methodological sentences:
* We analyze the surface structure of an atomically smooth BaBiO₃ film grown by molecular beam epitaxy using low energy Time-of-Flight Scattering and Recoil Spectroscopy (TOF-SARS) and Mass Spectroscopy of Recoiled Ions (MSRI). |
We re-discuss the evolutionary state of upper main sequence magnetic stars
using a sample of Ap and Bp stars with accurate Hipparcos parallaxes and
definitely determined longitudinal magnetic fields. We confirm our previous
results obtained from the study of Ap and Bp stars with accurate measurements
of the mean magn... | Here are the methodological sentences extracted from the abstract:
* We re-discuss the evolutionary state of upper main sequence magnetic stars using a sample of Ap and Bp stars with accurate Hipparcos parallaxes and definitely determined longitudinal magnetic fields.
* The study of a few known members of nearby open ... |
This thesis provides a partial answer to a question posed by Greg Kuperberg
in q-alg/9712003 and again by Justin Roberts as problem 12.18 in "Problems on
invariants of knots and 3-manifolds", math.GT/0406190, essentially: "Can one
describe the category of representations of the quantum group U_q(sl_n)
(thought of as ... | Here are the methodological sentences:
* I define a certain tensor category of trivalent graphs, modulo isotopy, and construct a functor from this category onto (a full subcategory of) the category of representations of the quantum group U_q(sl_n).
* I make significant progress towards this, describing certain generat... |
Star patterns, reminiscent of a wide range of diffusively controlled growth
forms from snowflakes to Saffman-Taylor fingers, are ubiquitous features of ice
covered lakes. Despite the commonality and beauty of these ``lake stars'' the
underlying physical processes that produce them have not been explained in a
coheren... | Here are the methodological sentences extracted from the abstract:
* "Here we describe a simple mathematical model that captures the principal features of lake-star formation;"
* "The number of star arms emerges from a stability analysis of this competition;"
* "the qualitative features of this meter-scale natural phe... |
We examine the effects of new physics effecting the Higgs sector of the
standard model, focusing on the effects on the Higgs self couplings. We
demonstrate that a low mass higgs, m_h < 2 m_t, can have a strong effective
self coupling due to the effects of a new interaction at a TeV. We investigate
the possibility tha... | Here are the methodological sentences:
* We demonstrate that a low mass higgs, m_h < 2 m_t, can have a strong effective self coupling due to the effects of a new interaction at a TeV.
* We construct an effective field theory formalism to examine the physics of such a low mass higgs boson.
* We explore the possibility ... |
We put forward an approach to estimate the amount of bipartite spatial
entanglement of down-converted photon states correlated in orbital angular
momentum and the magnitude of the transverse (radial) wave vectors. Both
degrees of freedom are properly considered in our framework, which only
requires azimuthal local li... | Here are the methodological sentences:
* Our framework only requires azimuthal local linear optical transformations and mode selection analysis with two fiber detectors. |
We present ACS/HST coronagraphic observations of HD 100546, a B9.5 star, 103
pc away from the sun, taken in the F435W, F606W, and F814W bands. Scattered
light is detected up to 14'' from the star. The observations are consistent
with the presence of an extended flattened nebula with the same inclination as
the inner ... | Here are the methodological sentences extracted from the abstract:
* We present ACS/HST coronagraphic observations of HD 100546 taken in the F435W, F606W, and F814W bands.
* We explore the role of asymmetric scattering, reddening, and large minimum sizes on ISM-like grains to explain the colors.
Let me know if you ne... |
We propose a model of a heterogeneous glass forming liquid and compute the
low-temperature behavior of a tagged molecule moving within it. This model
exhibits stretched-exponential decay of the wavenumber-dependent, self
intermediate scattering function in the limit of long times. At temperatures
close to the glass t... | Here are the methodological sentences extracted from the abstract:
* We propose a model of a heterogeneous glass forming liquid and compute the low-temperature behavior of a tagged molecule moving within it.
Note that there is only one methodological sentence in the abstract, which describes the proposal of a model a... |
Spectral diagnostic features formed in the solar chromosphere are few and
difficult to interpret -- they are neither formed in the optically thin regime
nor in local thermodynamic equilibrium (LTE). To probe the state of the
chromosphere, both from observations and theory, it is therefore necessary with
modeling. I d... | Here are the methodological sentences:
* Modeling is necessary to probe the state of the chromosphere from observations and theory.
* Traditional semi-empirical modeling is used.
* Numerical experiments are conducted to illustrate important ingredients necessary for self-consistent theoretical modeling of the solar ch... |
We show that r-mode instabilities severely constraint the composition of a
compact star rotating at a submillisecond period. In particular, the only
viable astrophysical scenario for such an object, present inside the Low Mass
X-ray Binary associated with the x-ray transient XTE J1739-285, is that it has
a strangenes... | Here are the methodological sentences:
* We show that...
* We discuss under which conditions... |
A major goal in solar physics has during the last five decades been to find
how energy flux generated in the solar convection zone is transported and
dissipated in the outer solar layers. Progress in this field has been slow and
painstaking. However, advances in computer hardware and numerical methods,
vastly increas... | Here are the methodological sentences:
* We present exploratory numerical MHD models that span the entire solar atmosphere from the upper convection zone to the lower corona.
* These models include non-grey, non-LTE radiative transport in the photosphere and chromosphere, optically thin radiative losses as well as mag... |
Abelian topologically massive gauge theories (TMGT) provide a topological
mechanism to generate mass for a bosonic p-tensor field in any spacetime
dimension. These theories include the 2+1 dimensional Maxwell-Chern-Simons and
3+1 dimensional Cremmer-Scherk actions as particular cases. Within the
Hamiltonian formulati... | Here are the methodological sentences extracted from the abstract:
* "Through an appropriate canonical transformation, a gauge invariant factorisation of phase space into two orthogonal sectors is feasible."
* "Within canonical quantisation, a likewise factorisation of quantum states thus arises for the full spectrum ... |
We report the suppression of loss of surface plasmon polariton propagating at
the interface between silver film and optically pumped polymer with dye. Large
magnitude of the effect enables a variety of applications of "active"
nanoplasmonics. The experimental study is accompanied by the development of the
analytical ... | Here are the methodological sentences:
* The experimental study is accompanied by the development of the analytical description of the phenomenon. |
The recursion relations of hierarchical models are studied and contrasted
with functional renormalisation group equations in corresponding
approximations. The formalisms are compared quantitatively for the Ising
universality class, where the spectrum of universal eigenvalues at criticality
is studied. A significant c... | Here are the methodological sentences:
* The recursion relations of hierarchical models are studied and contrasted with functional renormalisation group equations in corresponding approximations.
* The formalisms are compared quantitatively for the Ising universality class, where the spectrum of universal eigenvalues ... |
We present the results of high precision measurements of the thermal
expansion of the sintered SiC, SiC-100, intended for use in cryogenic
space-telescopes, in which minimization of thermal deformation of the mirror is
critical and precise information of the thermal expansion is needed for the
telescope design. The t... | Here are the methodological sentences extracted from the abstract:
* The thermal expansion of the samples was measured with a cryogenic dilatometer, consisting of a laser interferometer, a cryostat, and a mechanical cooler.
* The typical thermal expansion curve is presented using the 8th order polynomial of the temper... |
Compton scattering of X-rays in the bulk flow of the accretion column in
magnetic cataclysmic variables (mCVs) can significantly shift photon energies.
We present Monte Carlo simulations based on a nonlinear algorithm demonstrating
the effects of Compton scattering on the H-like, He-like and neutral Fe K alpha
lines ... | Here are the methodological sentences:
* We present Monte Carlo simulations based on a nonlinear algorithm demonstrating the effects of Compton scattering on the H-like, He-like and neutral Fe K alpha lines produced in the post-shock region of the accretion column.
* The peak line emissivities of the photons in the po... |
The Special Theory of Relativity and the Theory of the Electron have had an
interesting history together. Originally the electron was studied in a non
relativistic context and this opened up the interesting possibility that lead
to the conclusion that the mass of the electron could be thought of entirely in
electroma... | Here are the methodological sentences extracted from the abstract:
* The electron was originally studied in a non-relativistic context.
* The application of Special Relativity led to several problems.
* Subsequent studies bring out the interesting result that Special Relativity breaks down within the Compton scale or ... |
We characterize the crystalline silicate content and spatial distribution of
small dust grains in a large sample of protoplanetary disks in the
Taurus-Auriga young cluster, using Spitzer Space Telescope mid-infrared
spectra. In turn we use the results to analyze the evolution of structure and
composition of these 1-2... | Here are the methodological sentences:
* We characterize the crystalline silicate content and spatial distribution of small dust grains in a large sample of protoplanetary disks in the Taurus-Auriga young cluster, using Spitzer Space Telescope mid-infrared spectra. |
(Abridged) We use 3D SPH calculations with higher resolution, as well as with
more realistic viscosity and sound-speed prescriptions than previous work to
examine the eccentric instability which underlies the superhump phenomenon in
semi-detached binaries. We illustrate the importance of the two-armed spiral
mode in ... | Here are the methodological sentences extracted from the abstract:
* We use 3D SPH calculations with higher resolution, as well as with more realistic viscosity and sound-speed prescriptions than previous work.
* We ran our simulations for unprecedented durations, so that an eccentric equilibrium is established except... |
We study the kinetic theory of driven granular gases, taking into account
both translational and rotational degrees of freedom. We obtain the high-energy
tail of the stationary bivariate energy distribution, depending on the total
energy E and the ratio x=sqrt{E_w/E} of rotational energy E_w to total energy.
Extremel... | Here are the methodological sentences extracted from the abstract:
* We study the kinetic theory of driven granular gases, taking into account both translational and rotational degrees of freedom.
* We obtain the high-energy tail of the stationary bivariate energy distribution, depending on the total energy E and the ... |
Cosmological shock waves result from supersonic flow motions induced by
hierarchical clustering of nonlinear structures in the universe. These shocks
govern the nature of cosmic plasma through thermalization of gas and
acceleration of nonthermal, cosmic-ray (CR) particles. We study the statistics
and energetics of sh... | Here are the methodological sentences extracted from the abstract:
* We study the statistics and energetics of shocks formed in cosmological simulations of a concordance ΛCDM universe...
* Adopting an improved model for gas thermalization and CR acceleration efficiencies based on nonlinear diffusive shock acceleration... |
Since the discovery of the first L dwarf 19 years ago and the discovery of
the first T dwarf 7 years after that, we have amassed a large list of these
objects, now numbering almost six hundred. Despite making headway in
understanding the physical chemistry of their atmospheres, some important
issues remain unexplaine... | Here are the methodological sentences extracted from the abstract:
* Can we establish a robust classification scheme...
* Which observations can be obtained to better confine the problem?
* How will we know a Y dwarf when we first observe one? |
Hubble Space Telescope observations of Uranus- and Neptune-crossing object
(65489) Ceto/Phorcys (provisionally designated 2003 FX128) reveal it to be a
close binary system. The mutual orbit has a period of 9.554 +/- 0.011 days and
a semimajor axis of 1840 +/- 48 km. These values enable computation of a system
mass of... | Here are the methodological sentences extracted from the abstract:
* Hubble Space Telescope observations of Uranus- and Neptune-crossing object (65489) Ceto/Phorcys reveal it to be a close binary system.
* Spitzer Space Telescope observations of thermal emission at 24 and 70 microns are combined with visible photometr... |
This paper presents new low-complexity lattice-decoding algorithms for
noncoherent block detection of QAM and PAM signals over complex-valued fading
channels. The algorithms are optimal in terms of the generalized likelihood
ratio test (GLRT). The computational complexity is polynomial in the block
length; making GLR... | Here are the methodological sentences:
* The algorithms are optimal in terms of the generalized likelihood ratio test (GLRT).
* Simulations show that the suboptimal algorithms have performance indistinguishable from the optimal algorithms. |
We present 0.8 to 2.4 micron spectral observations of uranian satellites,
obtained at IRTF/SpeX on 17 nights during 2001-2005. The spectra reveal for the
first time the presence of CO2 ice on the surfaces of Umbriel and Titania, by
means of 3 narrow absorption bands near 2 microns. Several additional, weaker
CO2 ice ... | Here are the methodological sentences:
* We present 0.8 to 2.4 micron spectral observations of uranian satellites, obtained at IRTF/SpeX on 17 nights during 2001-2005.
* We use the CO2 absorptions to map the longitudinal distribution of CO2 ice on Ariel, Umbriel, and Titania. |
Based on large N Chern-Simons/topological string duality, in a series of
papers, J.M.F. Labastida, M. Marino, H. Ooguri and C. Vafa conjectured certain
remarkable new algebraic structure of link invariants and the existence of
infinite series of new integer invariants. In this paper, we provide a proof of
this conjec... | Here are the methodological sentences:
* We provide a proof of this conjecture.
* We also show these new integer invariants vanish at large genera. |
We study the exotic hadrons in s-wave scattering of the Nambu-Goldstone boson
with a target hadron based on chiral dynamics. Utilizing the low energy theorem
of chiral symmetry, we show that the s-wave interaction is not strong enough to
generate bound states in exotic channels in flavor SU(3) symmetric limit,
althou... | Here are the methodological sentences:
* We utilize the low energy theorem of chiral symmetry.
* We adopt a renormalization condition in this analysis. |
Superconducting and normal-state properties of the beta-pyrochlore oxide
KOs2O6 are studied by means of thermodynamic and transport measurements. It is
shown that the superconductivity is of conventional s-wave type and lies in the
extremely strong-coupling regime. Specific heat and resistivity measurements
reveal th... | Here are the methodological sentences:
* Thermodynamic and transport measurements were used to study the superconducting and normal-state properties of KOs2O6.
* Specific heat and resistivity measurements were performed to reveal the characteristic low-energy phonons. |
The transverse mass spectra and the rapidity distributions of $\pi^+$ and
$\pi^-$ in Au-Au collisions at 2, 4, 6, and 8 GeV$\cdot$A by E895 collaboration
are fitted using an elliptically expanding fireball model with the contribution
from the resonance decays and the final state Coulomb interaction. The ratio of
the ... | Here are the methodological sentences:
* The transverse mass spectra and the rapidity distributions of π+ and π- are fitted using an elliptically expanding fireball model with the contribution from the resonance decays and the final state Coulomb interaction.
* The ratio of the total number of produced π- and π+ is us... |
A study of the $p d \to p d \eta$ reaction in the energy range where the
recent data from Uppsala are available, is done in the two-step model of $\eta$
production including the final state interaction. The $\eta -d$ final state
interaction is incorporated through the solution of the Lippmann Schwinger
equation using... | Here are the methodological sentences extracted from the abstract:
* The η-d final state interaction is incorporated through the solution of the Lippmann Schwinger equation using an elastic scattering matrix element, Tηd→ηd.
* The parameters of the effective range expansion have been taken from an existing recent rela... |
The exact formula for the neutrino oscillation probability in matter with
constant density, which was discovered by Kimura, Takamura and Yokomakura, has
been applied mostly to the standard case with three flavor neutrino so far. In
this paper applications of their formula to more general cases are discussed.
It is sh... | Here are the methodological sentences:
* The formula for neutrino oscillation probability in matter with constant density is applied to more general cases.
* The formalism is generalized to cases where the matter potential has off-diagonal components.
* Two non-trivial examples are given: the case with magnetic moment... |
The nitrogen fluorescence induced in air is used to detect ultra-high energy
cosmic rays and to measure their energy. The precise knowledge of the absolute
fluorescence yield is the key quantity to improve the accuracy on the cosmic
ray energy. The total yield has been measured in dry air using a 90Sr source
and a [3... | Here are the methodological sentences:
* The total yield has been measured in dry air using a 90Sr source and a [300-430 nm] filter.
* The absolute continuous spectrum of nitrogen excited by 90Sr electrons has also been measured with a spectrometer. |
We introduce a new class of actions of the group $\G$ on finite von Neumann
algebras and call them twisted Bernoulli shift actions. We classify these
actions up to conjugacy and give an explicit description of their centralizers.
We also distinguish many of those actions on the AFD $\mathrm{II}_1$ factor in
view of o... | Here are the methodological sentences:
* We introduce a new class of actions of the group $\G$ on finite von Neumann algebras and call them twisted Bernoulli shift actions.
* We classify these actions up to conjugacy and give an explicit description of their centralizers.
* We distinguish many of those actions on the ... |
We present a modified outer gap model to study the phase-resolved spectra of
the Crab pulsar. A theoretical double peak profile of the light curve
containing the whole phase is shown to be consistent with the observed light
curve of the Crab pulsar by shifting the inner boundary of the outer gap
inwardly to $\sim 10$... | Here are the methodological sentences:
* A theoretical double peak profile of the light curve containing the whole phase is shown to be consistent with the observed light curve of the Crab pulsar by shifting the inner boundary of the outer gap inwardly to ∼ 10 stellar radii above the neutron star surface.
* The radial... |
In this paper we give explicit construction of massive N=1 supermultiplets in
flat d=4 Minkowski space-time. We work in a component on-shell formalism based
on gauge invariant description of massive integer and half-integer spin
particles where massive supermultiplets are constructed out of appropriate set
of massles... | Here are the methodological sentences:
* We work in a component on-shell formalism based on gauge invariant description of massive integer and half-integer spin particles.
* Massive supermultiplets are constructed out of an appropriate set of massless ones. |
The tilt modulus of a defective Abrikosov vortex lattice pinned by material
line defects is computed using the boson analogy. It tends to infinity at long
wavelength, which yields a Bose glass state that is robust to the addition of
weak point-pinning centers, and which implies a restoring force per vortex line
for r... | Here are the methodological sentences from the abstract:
* The tilt modulus of a defective Abrikosov vortex lattice pinned by material line defects is computed using the boson analogy. |
We prove a sharp Lp estimate for a singular Radon transform according to a
size condition of its kernel, which is useful for extrapolation.
| Here are the methodological sentences:
* We prove a sharp Lp estimate for a singular Radon transform.
* The estimate is according to a size condition of its kernel. |
We consider the ferromagnetic large-$q$ state Potts model in complex evolving
networks, which is equivalent to an optimal cooperation problem, in which the
agents try to optimize the total sum of pair cooperation benefits and the
supports of independent projects. The agents are found to be typically of two
kinds: a f... | Here are the methodological sentences extracted from the abstract:
* It is shown rigorously that the homogeneous model has a strongly first-order phase transition, which turns to second-order for random interactions (benefits).
* The properties of which are studied numerically on the Barabási-Albert network. |
We describe a novel switching algorithm based on a ``reverse'' Monte Carlo
method, in which the potential is stochastically modified before the system
configuration is moved. This new algorithm facilitates a generalized
formulation of cluster-type Monte Carlo methods, and the generalization makes
it possible to deriv... | Here are the methodological sentences:
* We describe a novel switching algorithm based on a ``reverse"" Monte Carlo method, in which the potential is stochastically modified before the system configuration is moved.
* High-accuracy simulations for system sizes up to $1024^2$ were carried out to examine the logarithmic... |
In the second paper of this series, I obtained the twisted BRST systems and
extended physical-state conditions of all twisted open and closed $\hat{c} =
52$ strings. In this paper, I supplement the extended physical-state conditions
with the explicit form of the extended (twisted) Virasoro generators of all
$\hat{c} ... | Here are the methodological sentences:
* I obtained the twisted BRST systems and extended physical-state conditions of all twisted open and closed ĉ = 52 strings.
* I supplement the extended physical-state conditions with the explicit form of the extended (twisted) Virasoro generators of all ĉ = 52 strings. |
In this work, we are interested in a non symmetric homogeneous space, namely
$SO(2m)/Sp(m)$. We show that this space admits a structure of $Z_2^2$-symmetric
space. We describe all the non degenerated metrics and classify the Riemannian
and Lorentzian ones.
| Here are the methodological sentences:
* We show that this space admits a structure of $Z_2^2$-symmetric space.
* We describe all the non-degenerated metrics and classify the Riemannian and Lorentzian ones. |
This paper studies the construction of geometric integrators for nonholonomic
systems. We derive the nonholonomic discrete Euler-Lagrange equations in a
setting which permits to deduce geometric integrators for continuous
nonholonomic systems (reduced or not). The formalism is given in terms of Lie
groupoids, specify... | Here are the methodological sentences extracted from the abstract:
* We derive the nonholonomic discrete Euler-Lagrange equations in a setting which permits to deduce geometric integrators for continuous nonholonomic systems.
* The formalism is given in terms of Lie groupoids, specifying a discrete Lagrangian and a co... |
An interaction between electrons and lattice vibrations (phonons) results in
two fundamental quantum phenomena in solids: in three dimensions it can turn a
metal into a superconductor whereas in one dimension it can turn a metal into
an insulator. In two dimensions (2D) both superconductivity and charge-density
waves... | Here are the methodological sentences extracted from the abstract:
* Using the latest developments in high-resolution angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy (ARPES)...
Note that there is only one methodological sentence in the abstract. |
We construct a quantum theory of free fermion field based on the generalized
uncertainty principle using supersymmetry as a guiding principle. A
supersymmetric field theory with a real scalar field and a Majorana fermion
field is given explicitly and we also find that the supersymmetry algebra is
deformed from an usu... | Here are the methodological sentences:
* We construct a quantum theory of free fermion field based on the generalized uncertainty principle using supersymmetry as a guiding principle.
* A supersymmetric field theory with a real scalar field and a Majorana fermion field is given explicitly. |
Conformational transitions in macromolecular complexes often involve the
reorientation of lever-like structures. Using a simple theoretical model, we
show that the rate of such transitions is drastically enhanced if the lever is
bendable, e.g. at a localized "hinge''. Surprisingly, the transition is fastest
with an i... | Here are the methodological sentences:
* Using a simple theoretical model, we show that the rate of such transitions is drastically enhanced if the lever is bendable, e.g. at a localized "hinge".
* To explain this effect, we generalize the Kramers-Langer theory for multi-dimensional barrier crossing to configuration d... |
We propose a combined experimental (Atomic Force Microscopy) and theoretical
study of the structural and dynamical properties of nucleosomes. In contrast to
biochemical approaches, this method allows to determine simultaneously the DNA
complexed length distribution and nucleosome position in various contexts.
First, ... | Here are the methodological sentences:
* We propose a combined experimental (Atomic Force Microscopy) and theoretical study...
* Using a linear energetic model for the distribution of DNA complexed length, we extract the net wrapping energy of DNA onto the histone octamer... |
P.J.Cameron introduced the orbit algebra of a permutation group and
conjectured that this algebra is an integral domain if and only if the group
has no finite orbit. We prove that this conjecture holds and in fact that the
age algebra of a relational structure $R$ is an integral domain if and only if
$R$ is age-inexh... | Here are the methodological sentences:
* We prove that this conjecture holds...
* We deduce these results from a combinatorial lemma...
* The proof is built on Ramsey theorem and the integrity of a shuffle algebra. |
If a finite group action $\alpha$ on a unital $C^*$-algebra $M$ is saturated,
the canonical conditional expectation $E:M\to M^\alpha$ onto the fixed point
algebra is known to be of index finite type with $Index(E)=|G|$ in the sense of
Watatani. More generally if a finite dimensional Hopf $*$-algebra $A$ acts on
$M$ a... | Here are the methodological sentences extracted from the abstract:
* If a finite group action α on a unital C*-algebra M is saturated, then the canonical conditional expectation E:M→Mα is of index finite type with Index(E)=|G|.
* If a finite dimensional Hopf *-algebra A acts on M and the action is saturated, then the ... |
Density-functional theory has been applied to investigate systematics of
sodium clusters Na_n in the size range of n= 39-55. A clear evolutionary trend
in the growth of their ground-state geometries emerges. The clusters at the
beginning of the series (n=39-43) are symmetric and have partial icosahedral
(two-shell) s... | Here are the methodological sentences:
* Density-functional theory has been applied to investigate systematics of sodium clusters Na_n.
* Density-functional molecular dynamics has been used to calculate the specific heat curves for the representative sizes n= 43, 45, 48 and 52. |
The quantum Zeno effect arises due to frequent observation. That implies the
existence of some experimenter and its interaction with the system. In this
contribution, we examine what happens for a closed system if one considers a
quantum Zeno type of question, namely: "what is the probability of a system,
remaining a... | Here are the methodological sentences extracted from the abstract:
* We employ the decoherent histories approach to quantum theory...
Let me know if you need anything else! |
In this work we compare numerically exact Quantum Monte Carlo (QMC)
calculations and Green function theory (GFT) calculations of thin ferromagnetic
films including second order anisotropies. Thereby we concentrate on easy plane
systems, i.e. systems for which the anisotropy favors a magnetization parallel
to the film... | Here are the methodological sentences:
* We compare numerically exact Quantum Monte Carlo (QMC) calculations and Green function theory (GFT) calculations of thin ferromagnetic films.
* We perform QMC calculations and GFT calculations for easy plane systems in perpendicular external fields. |
We study the question when for a given *-algebra $\mathcal{A}$ a sequence of
cones $C_n\in M_n(\mathcal{A})$ can be realized as cones of positive operators
in a faithful *-representation of $\mathcal{A}$ on a Hilbert space. A
characterization of operator algebras which are completely boundedly isomorphic
to $C\sp*$-a... | Here are the methodological sentences:
* We study the question when a sequence of cones can be realized as cones of positive operators in a faithful *-representation of a given *-algebra on a Hilbert space.
* A characterization of operator algebras which are completely boundedly isomorphic to C*-algebras is presented. |
We investigate if a unital C(X)-algebra is properly infinite when all its
fibres are properly infinite. We show that this question can be rephrased in
several different ways, including the question if every unital properly
infinite C*-algebra is K_1-injective. We provide partial answers to these
questions, and we sho... | Here are the methodological sentences:
* We investigate...
* We show that...
* We provide...
* We show that... |
A new public conveyance model applicable to buses and trains is proposed in
this paper by using stochastic cellular automaton. We have found the optimal
density of vehicles, at which the average velocity becomes maximum,
significantly depends on the number of stops and passengers behavior of getting
on a vehicle at s... | Here are the methodological sentences:
* A new public conveyance model is proposed using stochastic cellular automaton.
* The optimal density of vehicles is found by analyzing the average velocity.
* The efficiency of the hail-and-ride system is discussed by comparing different passenger behaviors. |
The Donald-Flanigan conjecture asserts that for any finite group and for any
field, the corresponding group algebra can be deformed to a separable algebra.
The minimal unsolved instance, namely the quaternion group over a field of
characteristic 2 was considered as a counterexample. We present here a
separable deform... | Here are the methodological sentences:
* We present here a separable deformation of the quaternion group algebra. |
Let $E$ be a primarily quasilocal field, $M/E$ a finite Galois extension and
$D$ a central division $E$-algebra of index divisible by $[M\colon E]$. In
addition to the main result of Part I, this part of the paper shows that if the
Galois group $G(M/E)$ is not nilpotent, then $M$ does not necessarily embed in
$D$ as ... | Here are the methodological sentences:
* This part of the paper shows that...
* We find the structure of the character group of its absolute Galois group; this enables us to prove that... |
Spectral inversion techniques based on the cloud model are extremely useful
for the study of properties and dynamics of various chromospheric cloud-like
structures. Several inversion techniques are reviewed based on simple (constant
source function) and more elaborated cloud models, as well as on grids of
synthetic l... | Here are the methodological sentences:
* Several inversion techniques are reviewed based on simple (constant source function) and more elaborated cloud models, as well as on grids of synthetic line profiles produced for a wide range of physical parameters by different NLTE codes. |
We present Spitzer IRS low resolution, mid-IR spectra of a sample of 25 high
luminosity QSOs at 2<z<3.5. When combined with archival IRS observations of
local, low luminosity type-I AGNs, the sample spans five orders of magnitude in
luminosity. We find that the continuum dust thermal emission at
lambda(rest)=6.7um is... | Here are the methodological sentences extracted from the abstract:
* We present Spitzer IRS low-resolution, mid-IR spectra of a sample of 25 high-luminosity QSOs at 2<z<3.5.
* When combined with archival IRS observations of local, low-luminosity type-I AGNs, the sample spans five orders of magnitude in luminosity. |
We propose a scheme for generating entangled states of light fields. This
scheme only requires the cross-Kerr nonlinear interaction between coherent
light-beams, followed by a homodyne detection. Therefore, this scheme is within
the reach of current technology. We study in detail the generation of the
entangled state... | Here are the methodological sentences:
* This scheme only requires the cross-Kerr nonlinear interaction between coherent light-beams, followed by a homodyne detection.
* We study in detail the generation of the entangled states between two modes, and that among three modes. |
We give a simpler proof as well as a generalization of the main result of an
article of Shestakov and Umirbaev. This latter article being the first of two
that solve a long-standing conjecture about the non-tameness, or "wildness", of
Nagata's automorphism. As corollaries we get interesting informations about the
lea... | Here are the methodological sentences:
* We give a simpler proof...
* ...a generalization of the main result of an article of Shestakov and Umirbaev. |
We present predictions for the evolution of the galaxy luminosity function,
number counts and redshift distributions in the IR based on the Lambda-CDM
cosmological model. We use the combined GALFORM semi-analytical galaxy
formation model and GRASIL spectrophotometric code to compute galaxy SEDs
including the reproces... | Here are the methodological sentences:
* We use the combined GALFORM semi-analytical galaxy formation model and GRASIL spectrophotometric code to compute galaxy SEDs including the reprocessing of radiation by dust.
* We compare the model with observational data from the SPITZER Space Telescope, with the model paramete... |
A library of C functions yielding exact solutions of potential and flux
influences due to uniform surface distribution of singularities on flat
triangular and rectangular elements has been developed. This library, ISLES,
has been used to develop the neBEM solver that is both precise and fast in
solving a wide range o... | Here are the methodological sentences extracted from the abstract:
* We present the exact expressions proposed for computing the influence of uniform singularity distributions on triangular elements.
* We present a study concerning the time taken to evaluate these long and complicated expressions vis a vis that spent ... |
We study the high--energy limit for eigenfunctions of the laplacian, on a
compact negatively curved manifold. We review the recent result of
Anantharaman-Nonnenmacher giving a lower bound on the Kolmogorov-Sinai entropy
of semiclassical measures, and improve this lower bound in the case of variable
negative curvature... | Here are the methodological sentences:
* We study the high-energy limit for eigenfunctions of the Laplacian on a compact negatively curved manifold.
* We review the recent result of Anantharaman-Nonnenmacher giving a lower bound on the Kolmogorov-Sinai entropy of semiclassical measures.
* We improve this lower bound i... |
We provide a framework to analyze the electroproduction process ep -> ep rho
with a polarized target, writing the angular distribution of the rho decay
products in terms of spin density matrix elements that parameterize the
hadronic subprocess gamma* p -> rho p. Using the helicity basis for both photon
and meson, we ... | Here are the methodological sentences:
* We provide a framework to analyze the electroproduction process ep -> ep rho with a polarized target.
* We write the angular distribution of the rho decay products in terms of spin density matrix elements that parameterize the hadronic subprocess gamma* p -> rho p.
* We use the... |
Context. One of the typical features shown by observations of solar
prominence oscillations is that they are damped in time and that the values of
the damping times are usually between one and three times the corresponding
oscillatory period. However, the mechanism responsible for the attenuation is
still not well-kn... | Here are the methodological sentences extracted from the abstract:
* The dispersion relation for linear non-adiabatic magnetoacoustic waves is derived considering an equilibrium made of a prominence plasma slab embedded in an unbounded corona.
* By solving the dispersion relation for a fixed wavenumber, a complex osci... |
We use the Einstein, Bergmann-Thomson, Landau-Lifshitz and Papapetrou
energy-momentum complexes to calculate the energy and momentum distributions of
Kantowski and Sachs space-time. We show that the Einstein and Bergmann-Thomson
definitions furnish a consistent result for the energy distribution, but the
definition o... | Here are the methodological sentences:
* We use the Einstein, Bergmann-Thomson, Landau-Lifshitz and Papapetrou energy-momentum complexes to calculate the energy and momentum distributions of Kantowski and Sachs space-time.
* We show that the Einstein and Bergmann-Thomson definitions furnish a consistent result for the... |
We show that Green function methods can be straightforwardly applied to
nonlinear equations appearing as the leading order of a short time expansion.
Higher order corrections can be then computed giving a satisfactory agreement
with numerical results. The relevance of these results relies on the
possibility of fully ... | Here are the methodological sentences:
* Green function methods can be straightforwardly applied to nonlinear equations.
* Higher order corrections can be computed giving a satisfactory agreement with numerical results.
* A gradient expansion can be fully exploited in both classical and quantum field theory. |
Computational asymmetry, i.e., the discrepancy between the complexity of
transformations and the complexity of their inverses, is at the core of one-way
transformations. We introduce a computational asymmetry function that measures
the amount of one-wayness of permutations. We also introduce the word-length
asymmetry... | Here are the methodological sentences extracted from the abstract:
* We introduce a computational asymmetry function that measures the amount of one-wayness of permutations.
* We relate boolean circuits to words in a Thompson monoid, over a fixed generating set, in such a way that circuit size is equal to word-length.... |
We show that the surface gravity of a transiting extrasolar planet can be
calculated from only the spectroscopic orbit of its parent star and the
analysis of its transit light curve. This does not require additional
constraints, such as are often inferred from theoretical stellar models or
model atmospheres. The plan... | Here are the methodological sentences:
* We show that the surface gravity of a transiting extrasolar planet can be calculated from only the spectroscopic orbit of its parent star and the analysis of its transit light curve.
* We outline the method and apply it to the case of the first known transiting extrasolar plane... |
The class of 2-interval graphs has been introduced for modelling scheduling
and allocation problems, and more recently for specific bioinformatic problems.
Some of those applications imply restrictions on the 2-interval graphs, and
justify the introduction of a hierarchy of subclasses of 2-interval graphs that
genera... | Here are the methodological sentences from the abstract:
* We provide instances that show that all the inclusions are strict.
* We extend the NP-completeness proof of recognizing 2-interval graphs to the recognition of balanced 2-interval graphs.
* Finally we give hints on the complexity of unit 2-interval graphs reco... |
The approximate atomic self-interaction corrections (ASIC) method to density
functional theory is put to the test by calculating the exchange interaction
for a number of prototypical materials, critical to local exchange and
correlation functionals. ASIC total energy calculations are mapped onto an
Heisenberg pair-wi... | Here are the methodological sentences extracted from the abstract:
* ASIC total energy calculations are mapped onto an Heisenberg pair-wise interaction and the exchange constants J are compared to those obtained with other methods. |
Context. A derivation of a generalized sqrt(epsilon)-law for nonthermal
collisional rates of excitation by charged perturbers is presented. Aims. Aim
of this paper is to find a more general analytical expression for a surface
value of the source function which can be used as an addtional tool for
verification of the ... | Here are the methodological sentences:
* Under the impact approximation hypothesis, we consider a static, one-dimensional, plane-parallel atmosphere, constant magnetic field of arbitrary strength and direction, and a two-level atom model with unpolarized lower level and stimulated emission neglected.
* We introduce un... |
Retarded electromagnetic potentials are derived from Maxwell's equations and
the Lorenz condition. The difference found between these potentials and the
conventional Li\'{e}nard-Wiechert ones is explained by neglect, for the latter,
of the motion-dependence of the effective charge density. The corresponding
retarded ... | Here are the methodological sentences extracted from the abstract:
* Retarded electromagnetic potentials are derived from Maxwell's equations and the Lorenz condition.
* The corresponding retarded fields of a point-like charge in arbitrary motion are compared with those given by the formulae of Heaviside, Feynman, Jef... |
Let T be a random field invariant under the action of a compact group G We
give conditions ensuring that independence of the random Fourier coefficients
is equivalent to Gaussianity. As a consequence, in general it is not possible
to simulate a non-Gaussian invariant random field through its Fourier expansion
using i... | Here are the methodological sentences:
* We give conditions ensuring that independence of the random Fourier coefficients is equivalent to Gaussianity. |
We present a new catalog of star cluster candidates in the nearby spiral
galaxy M33. It is based on eight existing catalogs wherein we have
cross-referenced identifications and endeavored to resolve inconsistencies
between them. Our catalog contains 451 candidates of which 255 are confirmed
clusters based on HST and ... | Here are the methodological sentences extracted from the abstract:
* We cross-referenced identifications and endeavored to resolve inconsistencies between eight existing catalogs.
* We used HST and high-resolution ground-based imaging to confirm 255 clusters.
* We analyzed the color distribution of the M33 clusters.
*... |
We report that resonant response with a very high quality factor can be
achieved in a planar metamaterial by introducing symmetry breaking in the shape
of its structural elements, which enables excitation of dark modes, i.e. modes
that are weakly coupled to free space.
| Here are the methodological sentences:
* Introduce symmetry breaking in the shape of the structural elements of a planar metamaterial. |
We present the results of a deep optical-near-infrared multi-epoch survey
covering 2.5 square degrees of the Pleiades open star cluster to search for new
very-low-mass brown dwarf members. A significant (~ 5 year) epoch difference
exists between the optical (CFH12k I-, Z-band) and near infrared (UKIRT WFCAM
J-band) o... | Here are the methodological sentences:
* We construct I,I-Z and Z,Z-J colour magnitude diagrams to select candidate cluster members.
* Proper motions are computed for all candidate members and compared to the background field objects to further refine the sample. |
We have selected a sample of 88 nearby (z<0.1) galaxy clusters from the
SDSS-DR4 with redshift information for the cluster members. We have derived
global properties for each cluster, such as their mean recessional velocity,
velocity dispersion, and virial radii. Cluster galaxies have been grouped in
two families acc... | Here are the methodological sentences:
* We have selected a sample of 88 nearby galaxy clusters from the SDSS-DR4 with redshift information for the cluster members.
* We have derived global properties for each cluster, such as their mean recessional velocity, velocity dispersion, and virial radii.
* Cluster galaxies h... |
We study Gaussian valence bond states of continuous variable systems,
obtained as the outputs of projection operations from an ancillary space of M
infinitely entangled bonds connecting neighboring sites, applied at each of $N$
sites of an harmonic chain. The entanglement distribution in Gaussian valence
bond states ... | Here are the methodological sentences extracted from the abstract:
* We study Gaussian valence bond states of continuous variable systems, obtained as the outputs of projection operations from an ancillary space of M infinitely entangled bonds connecting neighboring sites, applied at each of $N$ sites of an harmonic c... |
Mn3V2O8 is a magnetic system in which S = 5/2 Mn2+ is found in the kagome
staircase lattice. Here we report the magnetic phase diagram for temperatures
above 2 K and applied magnetic fields below 9 T, characterized by measurements
of the magnetization and specific heat with field along the three unique
lattice direct... | Here are the methodological sentences:
* Measurements of the magnetization and specific heat were taken with field along the three unique lattice directions.
* The magnetization and specific heat were measured for temperatures above 2 K and applied magnetic fields below 9 T. |
We prove that a compact quantum group is coamenable if and only if its
corepresentation ring is amenable. We further propose a Foelner condition for
compact quantum groups and prove it to be equivalent to coamenability. Using
this Foelner condition, we prove that for a coamenable compact quantum group
with tracial Ha... | Here are the methodological sentences:
* We prove that...
* We further propose...
* We prove...
* Using this Foelner condition, we prove... |
Codes to compute mean opacities and radiative accelerations for arbitrary
chemical mixtures using the Opacity Project recently revised data have been
restructured in a client--server architecture and transcribed as a subroutine
library. This implementation increases efficiency in stellar modelling where
element strat... | Here are the methodological sentences:
* Codes to compute mean opacities and radiative accelerations for arbitrary chemical mixtures have been restructured in a client--server architecture and transcribed as a subroutine library.
* Three user modes are provided to fit different computing environments, namely a web bro... |
We consider the problem of estimating the unconditional distribution of a
post-model-selection estimator. The notion of a post-model-selection estimator
here refers to the combined procedure resulting from first selecting a model
(e.g., by a model selection criterion like AIC or by a hypothesis testing
procedure) and... | Here are the methodological sentences extracted from the abstract:
* We show that it is impossible to estimate the unconditional distribution with reasonable accuracy even asymptotically.
* We show that no estimator for this distribution can be uniformly consistent (not even locally).
* These lower bounds are shown to... |
Building quantum devices using fixed operators is a must to simplify the
hardware construction. Quantum search engine is not an exception. In this
paper, a fixed phase quantum search algorithm that searches for M matches in an
unstructured search space of size N will be presented. Selecting phase shifts
of 1.91684\pi... | Here are the methodological sentences extracted from the abstract:
* Selecting phase shifts of 1.91684π in the standard amplitude amplification will make the technique perform better.
* The algorithm will find a match in O(sqrt(N/M)) whether the number of matches is known or not in advance. |
The elastic scattering and breakup of $^{11}$Be from a proton target at
intermediate energies is studied. We explore the role of core excitation in the
reaction mechanism. Comparison with the data suggests that there is still
missing physics in the description.
| Here are the methodological sentences:
* We explore the role of core excitation in the reaction mechanism.
* Comparison with the data suggests that there is still missing physics in the description. |
Using Rossi X-ray Timing Explorer Seyfert 1 and 1.2 data spanning 9 years, we
study correlations between X-ray spectral features. The sample consists of 350
time-resolved spectra from 12 Seyfert 1 and 1.2 galaxies. Each spectrum is
fitted to a model with an intrinsic powerlaw X-ray spectrum produced close to
the cent... | Here are the methodological sentences:
* Each spectrum is fitted to a model with an intrinsic powerlaw X-ray spectrum produced close to the central black hole that is reprocessed and absorbed by material around the black hole.
* To test the robustness of our results, we performed Monte Carlo simulations of the spectra... |
Let X be an affine irreducible variety over an algebraically closed field k
of characteristic zero. Given an automorphism F, we denote by k(X)^F its field
of invariants, i.e. the set of rational functions f on X such that f(F)=f. Let
n(F) be the transcendence degree of k(X)^F over k. In this paper, we study the
class... | Here are the methodological sentences of the given abstract:
* We study the class of automorphisms F of X for which n(F)= dim X - 1.
* We show that under some conditions on X, every such automorphism is of the form F=A_g, where A is an algebraic action of a linear algebraic group G of dimension 1 on X, and where g bel... |
We introduce an immunization method where the percentage of required
vaccinations for immunity are close to the optimal value of a targeted
immunization scheme of highest degree nodes. Our strategy retains the advantage
of being purely local, without the need of knowledge on the global network
structure or identifica... | Here are the methodological sentences:
* The method consists of selecting a random node and asking for a neighbor that has more links than himself or more than a given threshold and immunizing him.
* We compare this method to other efficient strategies on three real social networks and on a scale-free network model. |
We investigate the relic density n_\chi of non-relativistic long-lived or
stable particles \chi in non-standard cosmological scenarios. We calculate the
relic abundance starting from arbitrary initial temperatures of the
radiation-dominated epoch, and derive the lower bound on the initial
temperature T_0 \geq m_\chi/... | Here are the methodological sentences:
* We calculate the relic abundance starting from arbitrary initial temperatures of the radiation-dominated epoch.
* We derive the lower bound on the initial temperature T_0 ≥ m_χ/23, assuming that thermally produced χ particles account for the dark matter energy density in the un... |
We reanalyse leptogenesis via the out-of-equilibrium decay of the lightest
right-handed neutrino in type II seesaw scenarios, taking into account
flavour-dependent effects. In the type II seesaw mechanism, in addition to the
type I seesaw contribution, an additional direct mass term for the light
neutrinos is present... | Here are the methodological sentences:
* We reanalyse leptogenesis via the out-of-equilibrium decay of the lightest right-handed neutrino in type II seesaw scenarios, taking into account flavour-dependent effects.
* We consider type II seesaw scenarios where this additional contribution arises from the vacuum expectat... |
We present observations of a solar quiet region obtained by the ground-based
Dutch Open Telescope (DOT), and by instruments on the spacecraft SOHO and
TRACE. The observations were obtained during a coordinated observing campaign
on October 2005. The aim of this work is to present the rich diversity of
fine-scale stru... | Here are the methodological sentences:
* We present observations of a solar quiet region obtained by the ground-based Dutch Open Telescope (DOT), and by instruments on the spacecraft SOHO and TRACE.
* The observations were obtained during a coordinated observing campaign on October 2005. |
Popular density functionals for the exchange-correlation energy typically
fail to reproduce the degeneracy of different ground states of open-shell
atoms. As a remedy, functionals which explicitly depend on the current density
have been suggested. We present an analysis of this problem by investigating
functionals th... | Here are the methodological sentences:
* We present an analysis of this problem by investigating functionals that explicitly depend on the Kohn-Sham orbitals.
* Going beyond the exact-exchange approximation by adding correlation in the form of the Colle-Salvetti functional we show how current-dependent terms enter the... |
We consider the development of Cooper pairs in a self-consistent Hartree Fock
mean field for the even Sm isotopes. Results are presented at the level of a
BCS treatment, a number-projected BCS treatment and an exact treatment using
the Richardson ansatz. While projected BCS captures much of the pairing
correlation en... | Here are the methodological sentences:
* A BCS treatment was used.
* A number-projected BCS treatment was used.
* An exact treatment using the Richardson ansatz was used. |
In this paper, we present very first results for the adaptive solution on a
grid of the phase space of the Vlasov equation arising in particles accelarator
and plasma physics. The numerical algorithm is based on a semi-Lagrangian
method while adaptivity is obtained using multiresolution analysis.
| Here are the methodological sentences:
* The numerical algorithm is based on a semi-Lagrangian method.
* Adaptivity is obtained using multiresolution analysis. |
In this contribution we go through the developments that in the years 1968 to
1974 led from the Veneziano model to the bosonic string.
| Here are the methodological sentences:
* We go through the developments. |
We prove a duality theorem for certain graded algebras and show by various
examples different kinds of failure of tameness of local cohomology.
| Here are the methodological sentences:
* We prove a duality theorem for certain graded algebras.
* We show by various examples different kinds of failure of tameness of local cohomology. |
The physical consistency of the match of piecewise-$C^0$ metrics is
discussed. The mathematical theory of gravitational discontinuity hypersurfaces
is generalized to cover the match of regularly discontinuous metrics. The
mean-value differential geometry framework on a hypersurface is introduced, and
corresponding co... | Here are the methodological sentences:
* The mathematical theory of gravitational discontinuity hypersurfaces is generalized to cover the match of regularly discontinuous metrics.
* The mean-value differential geometry framework on a hypersurface is introduced, and corresponding compatibility conditions are deduced. |
Given an orientable weakly self-dual manifold X of rank two, we build a
geometric realization of the Lie algebra sl(6,C) as a naturally defined algebra
L of endomorphisms of the space of differential forms of X. We provide an
explicit description of Serre generators in terms of natural generators of L.
This construct... | Here are the methodological sentences of the given abstract:
* We build a geometric realization of the Lie algebra sl(6,C) as a naturally defined algebra L of endomorphisms of the space of differential forms of X.
* We provide an explicit description of Serre generators in terms of natural generators of L. |
We show that there is an hierarchy of intersection rigidity properties of
sets in a closed symplectic manifold: some sets cannot be displaced by
symplectomorphisms from more sets than the others. We also find new examples of
rigidity of intersections involving, in particular, specific fibers of moment
maps of Hamilto... | Here are the methodological sentences:
* We show that...
* We also find...
* In addition, we get...
* The proofs are based on... |
Modifications to quark and antiquark fragmentation functions due to
quark-quark (antiquark) double scattering in nuclear medium are studied
systematically up to order \cal{O}(\alpha_{s}^2)$ in deeply inelastic
scattering (DIS) off nuclear targets. At the order $\cal{O}(\alpha_s^2)$,
twist-four contributions from quar... | Here are the methodological sentences extracted from the abstract:
* Modifications to quark and antiquark fragmentation functions are studied systematically up to order $\cal{O}(\alpha_{s}^2)$ in deeply inelastic scattering (DIS) off nuclear targets.
* The modifications are compared to quark-gluon scattering, and the ... |
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