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40869857 | PMC12386250 | 10.3390/ijerph22081272 | Assessment of the Syndemic Relationship Between Individual, Social, and Structural Determinants of Tuberculosis Among People Living in Johannesburg, South Africa | 3. Results | 3. Results 3.1. Demographic and Socioeconomic Characteristics of Participants The study included 239 tuberculosis (TB) patients from six selected clinics in Johannesburg. The gender distribution showed a higher proportion of males (60.3%) compared to females (39.7%). In terms of age, the participants ranged from 20 yea... | 0 | false | true | 3. Results 3.1. Demographic and Socioeconomic Characteristics of Participants The study included 239 tuberculosis (TB) patients from six selected clinics in Johannesburg. The gender distribution showed a higher proportion of males (60.3%) compared to females (39.7%). In terms of age, the participants ranged from 20 yea... | Generate one high-quality research question and answer about tuberculosis from the following journal section.
Title: Assessment of the Syndemic Relationship Between Individual, Social, and Structural Determinants of Tuberculosis Among People Living in Johannesburg, South Africa
Section Title: 3. Results
Section Text (... | **Research Question:** What are the demographic and socioeconomic characteristics of tuberculosis patients in Johannesburg, South Africa, and how might these factors influence the prevalence and management of the disease?
** | ** The study on tuberculosis (TB) patients in Johannesburg revealed that the majority of participants were male (60.3%) and predominantly aged between 30-39 years (38.1%). Most participants identified as African (96.7%), with a significant number being married (64.9%) and a considerable portion unemployed (50.2%). Thes... |
40936501 | PMC12420909 | 10.12688/gatesopenres.16362.1 | Mycobacterium tuberculosis growth inhibition by peripheral blood mononuclear cells from household contacts is not affected by previous SARS-CoV-2 infection | Background | Background There is a high prevalence of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) in populations which also have a high prevalence of tuberculosis (TB).
1 –
4
Epidemiologic studies have shown that concomitant
Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) infection worsens the prognosis of COVID-19.
5... | 0 | false | true | Background There is a high prevalence of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) in populations which also have a high prevalence of tuberculosis (TB).
1 –
4
Epidemiologic studies have shown that concomitant
Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) infection worsens the prognosis of COVID-19.
5... | Generate one high-quality research question and answer about tuberculosis from the following journal section.
Title: Mycobacterium tuberculosis growth inhibition by peripheral blood mononuclear cells from household contacts is not affected by previous SARS-CoV-2 infection
Section Title: Background
Section Text (trunca... | **Question:** How does previous SARS-CoV-2 infection affect the ability of peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) from household contacts to inhibit the growth of Mycobacterium tuberculosis?
** | ** Previous SARS-CoV-2 infection does not significantly affect the capacity of peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) from household contacts to inhibit the growth of Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb). Despite concerns regarding the potential immunosuppressive effects of SARS-CoV-2 that could lead to progression of ... |
40588584 | 10727500 | 10.1038/s41579-025-01201-x | Estimating the contribution of subclinical tuberculosis disease to transmission: An individual patient data analysis from prevalence surveys | Estimating the relative infectiousness of subclinical TB | Estimating the relative infectiousness of subclinical TB The estimated infectiousness of subclinical TB per unit time relative to clinical TB is shown in Figure 2A , both for each study separately as well as the mixed-effects meta-analysed result across studies of 1.93 (0.62–6.18, 95% prediction interval [PrI]). Figu... | 2 | false | true | Estimating the relative infectiousness of subclinical TB The estimated infectiousness of subclinical TB per unit time relative to clinical TB is shown in Figure 2A , both for each study separately as well as the mixed-effects meta-analysed result across studies of 1.93 (0.62–6.18, 95% prediction interval [PrI]). Figu... | Generate one high-quality research question and answer about tuberculosis from the following journal section.
Title: Estimating the contribution of subclinical tuberculosis disease to transmission: An individual patient data analysis from prevalence surveys
Section Title: Estimating the relative infectiousness of subc... | **Question:** How does the infectiousness of subclinical tuberculosis (TB) compare to that of clinical TB based on individual patient data from prevalence surveys?
** | ** The analysis of individual patient data from prevalence surveys indicates that the estimated infectiousness of subclinical TB, relative to clinical TB, is approximately 1.93 (with a 95% prediction interval of 0.62–6.18). This suggests that subclinical TB has a significant potential for transmission, although its inf... |
40591399 | PMC12236266 | 10.2196/66029 | Improving Tuberculosis Detection in Chest X-Ray Images Through Transfer Learning and Deep Learning: Comparative Study of Convolutional Neural Network Architectures | Transfer Learning | Transfer Learning Transfer learning is a machine learning technique where a model developed for a specific task is repurposed as the starting point for a model on a second, related task [ 39 ]. This technique leverages the knowledge gained during the initial training phase in one domain to enhance learning in another p... | 3 | false | true | Transfer Learning Transfer learning is a machine learning technique where a model developed for a specific task is repurposed as the starting point for a model on a second, related task [ 39 ]. This technique leverages the knowledge gained during the initial training phase in one domain to enhance learning in another p... | Generate one high-quality research question and answer about tuberculosis from the following journal section.
Title: Improving Tuberculosis Detection in Chest X-Ray Images Through Transfer Learning and Deep Learning: Comparative Study of Convolutional Neural Network Architectures
Section Title: Transfer Learning
Secti... | **Question:** How does transfer learning enhance the detection of tuberculosis in chest X-ray images compared to training convolutional neural networks from scratch?
** | ** Transfer learning significantly enhances the detection of tuberculosis in chest X-ray images by utilizing pretrained models that have already learned robust feature representations from large and diverse datasets, such as ImageNet. By leveraging these established patterns, the transfer learning approach allows for f... |
39810935 | PMC11732181 | 10.1016/j.eclinm.2024.103003 | Cost-effectiveness of targeted next-generation sequencing (tNGS) for detection of tuberculosis drug resistance in India, South Africa and Georgia: a modeling analysis | Declaration of interests | Declaration of interests CM reports receiving funding from USAID to support the Global TB Programme staff at the WHO. All other authors declare no conflicts of interest. | 6 | false | true | Declaration of interests CM reports receiving funding from USAID to support the Global TB Programme staff at the WHO. All other authors declare no conflicts of interest. | Generate one high-quality research question and answer about tuberculosis from the following journal section.
Title: Cost-effectiveness of targeted next-generation sequencing (tNGS) for detection of tuberculosis drug resistance in India, South Africa and Georgia: a modeling analysis
Section Title: Declaration of inter... | **Question:** What implications does the declaration of interests have on the perceived objectivity of the research findings regarding the cost-effectiveness of targeted next-generation sequencing (tNGS) for detecting tuberculosis drug resistance?
** | ** The declaration of interests is crucial for assessing the potential biases in the research findings. In this study, the lead author, CM, has reported receiving funding from USAID to support the Global TB Programme staff at the WHO. This funding could influence the research perspective, potentially favoring the adopt... |
40921613 | PMC12421150 | 10.1136/bmjgh-2025-019770 | Taxes for tuberculosis: could tobacco and sugar tax revenue fund tuberculosis control interventions? | Introduction | Introduction Tuberculosis (TB) is the number one infectious killer on the planet while post-TB lung disease affects the quality of life and work capacity of millions every year. 1 Active and passive tobacco smoking increases the risk of TB and subsequent long-term pulmonary sequelae. 2 Undernutrition is the leading ... | 0 | false | true | Introduction Tuberculosis (TB) is the number one infectious killer on the planet while post-TB lung disease affects the quality of life and work capacity of millions every year. 1 Active and passive tobacco smoking increases the risk of TB and subsequent long-term pulmonary sequelae. 2 Undernutrition is the leading ... | Generate one high-quality research question and answer about tuberculosis from the following journal section.
Title: Taxes for tuberculosis: could tobacco and sugar tax revenue fund tuberculosis control interventions?
Section Title: Introduction
Section Text (truncated): Introduction Tuberculosis (TB) is the number o... | **Research Question:** How can revenue generated from tobacco and sugar taxes be effectively allocated to improve tuberculosis control interventions in populations heavily affected by the disease?
** | ** Revenue generated from tobacco and sugar taxes can be allocated to tuberculosis (TB) control interventions through a targeted funding strategy that addresses the socio-economic determinants of TB. This can include enhancing access to diagnostic services, treatment, and preventive measures such as vaccinations. Addit... |
40032816 | PMC11876447 | 10.1038/s41467-025-57174-1 | Multivariable regression models improve accuracy and sensitive grading of antibiotic resistance mutations in Mycobacterium tuberculosis | MIC models | MIC models We built genotypic models on MIC data to investigate and validate associations identified in the binary models. These models did not influence the regression-based grading. For some isolates, multiple MICs measurements were available in different media. We prioritised MICs measured in solid media over liquid... | 1 | false | true | MIC models We built genotypic models on MIC data to investigate and validate associations identified in the binary models. These models did not influence the regression-based grading. For some isolates, multiple MICs measurements were available in different media. We prioritised MICs measured in solid media over liquid... | Generate one high-quality research question and answer about tuberculosis from the following journal section.
Title: Multivariable regression models improve accuracy and sensitive grading of antibiotic resistance mutations in Mycobacterium tuberculosis
Section Title: MIC models
Section Text (truncated): MIC models We ... | **Question:** How do multivariable regression models improve the accuracy and sensitivity of grading antibiotic resistance mutations in Mycobacterium tuberculosis compared to traditional binary models?
** | ** Multivariable regression models enhance the accuracy and sensitivity of grading antibiotic resistance mutations in Mycobacterium tuberculosis by incorporating multiple measurements of minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) and utilizing a more complex relationship between genotypic data and MIC values. In the stud... |
39965023 | PMC11856658 | 10.1371/journal.pcbi.1012823 | Estimating Mycobacterium tuberculosis transmission in a South African clinic: Spatiotemporal model based on person movements | Methods | Methods Ethics statement The University of Cape Town Faculty of Health Sciences Human Research Ethics Committee (HREC/REF: 536/2020), the City of Cape Town (Project ID: 8139), South Africa, and the Ethics Committee of the Canton of Bern (KEK/REF: 2019-02131), Switzerland, approved the study. Study design and setting Ba... | 1 | false | true | Methods Ethics statement The University of Cape Town Faculty of Health Sciences Human Research Ethics Committee (HREC/REF: 536/2020), the City of Cape Town (Project ID: 8139), South Africa, and the Ethics Committee of the Canton of Bern (KEK/REF: 2019-02131), Switzerland, approved the study. Study design and setting Ba... | Generate one high-quality research question and answer about tuberculosis from the following journal section.
Title: Estimating Mycobacterium tuberculosis transmission in a South African clinic: Spatiotemporal model based on person movements
Section Title: Methods
Section Text (truncated): Methods Ethics statement The... | **Question:** How did the spatiotemporal model used in the study help in understanding the transmission dynamics of Mycobacterium tuberculosis in a primary care clinic in Cape Town, South Africa?
** | ** The spatiotemporal model developed in the study provided a comprehensive framework for estimating Mycobacterium tuberculosis transmission by integrating environmental factors, clinical data, and real-time person movement patterns within the clinic setting. By collecting detailed data on indoor CO2 levels, TB status ... |
39879593 | PMC7617355 | 10.1056/NEJMoa2400327 | Oral regimens for rifampin-resistant, fluoroquinolone-susceptible tuberculosis | Statistical Analysis | Statistical Analysis Sample size assumptions included: week 73 favorable outcomes in 75% of participants in experimental groups, 70% of participants in the control, and relapse in 10%; 11% ineligible for mITT and 10% more ineligible for PP. A sample size of 750 afforded 80% power for non-inferiority (one-sided type I e... | 22 | false | true | Statistical Analysis Sample size assumptions included: week 73 favorable outcomes in 75% of participants in experimental groups, 70% of participants in the control, and relapse in 10%; 11% ineligible for mITT and 10% more ineligible for PP. A sample size of 750 afforded 80% power for non-inferiority (one-sided type I e... | Generate one high-quality research question and answer about tuberculosis from the following journal section.
Title: Oral regimens for rifampin-resistant, fluoroquinolone-susceptible tuberculosis
Section Title: Statistical Analysis
Section Text (truncated): Statistical Analysis Sample size assumptions included: week 7... | **Question:** How does the statistical analysis framework utilized in the study inform the interpretation of the efficacy of experimental oral regimens for rifampin-resistant, fluoroquinolone-susceptible tuberculosis?
** | ** The statistical analysis framework outlined in the study employs a non-inferiority design with a sample size of 750 participants, providing 80% power to detect differences in treatment outcomes. This approach is crucial for assessing whether the experimental regimens can be considered comparable to the control treat... |
40202991 | PMC11981140 | 10.1371/journal.pgph.0004233 | Improving tuberculosis diagnosis in South Africa’s private sector: The results of a pilot public-private mix intervention in eThekwini health district | Methods | Methods Design GPs typically refer to the public sector for TB testing and management [ 2 ]. We therefore utilised a single-arm experimental design to pilot the study, as there were no pre-intervention data on TB diagnoses and treatment among private GPs. At the project outset, consenting GPs were asked to attend two o... | 1 | false | true | Methods Design GPs typically refer to the public sector for TB testing and management [ 2 ]. We therefore utilised a single-arm experimental design to pilot the study, as there were no pre-intervention data on TB diagnoses and treatment among private GPs. At the project outset, consenting GPs were asked to attend two o... | Generate one high-quality research question and answer about tuberculosis from the following journal section.
Title: Improving tuberculosis diagnosis in South Africa’s private sector: The results of a pilot public-private mix intervention in eThekwini health district
Section Title: Methods
Section Text (truncated): Me... | **Research Question:** How did the implementation of a public-private mix intervention, including virtual training for general practitioners (GPs) on sputum specimen collection and the use of a customized electronic referral application, affect tuberculosis diagnosis and management in the private healthcare sector of e... | ** The implementation of a public-private mix intervention in eThekwini health district significantly improved tuberculosis diagnosis and management in the private healthcare sector. By providing GPs with targeted training sessions on sputum specimen collection and the use of the Vula referral application, the study fa... |
40334156 | PMC12061034 | 10.1056/NEJMoa2412381 | BCG Revaccination for the Prevention of Mycobacterium tuberculosis Infection | Supplementary Material | Supplementary Material Supp | 9 | false | true | Supplementary Material Supp | Generate one high-quality research question and answer about tuberculosis from the following journal section.
Title: BCG Revaccination for the Prevention of Mycobacterium tuberculosis Infection
Section Title: Supplementary Material
Section Text (truncated): Supplementary Material Supp
Question:
Answer: | **Question:** What are the potential benefits and challenges of BCG revaccination as a strategy for preventing Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection in high-risk populations?
** | ** The potential benefits of BCG revaccination for preventing Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection include enhancing immunity in individuals who may have waning protection from the initial vaccination, particularly in high-risk populations such as healthcare workers, individuals in endemic areas, and those with comprom... |
39975743 | PMC11833582 | 10.21037/jtd-24-1062 | A retrospective study exploring chronic pulmonary aspergillosis in post-tuberculosis lung disease patients | Study population | Study population This was a retrospective cross-sectional study inclusive of patients with a diagnosis of PTLD and registered Aspergillus IgG serology who attended the adult outpatient pulmonology service at Tygerberg Hospital, a tertiary referral center in South Africa, between 1 September 2020 and 31 October 2022. Th... | 1 | false | true | Study population This was a retrospective cross-sectional study inclusive of patients with a diagnosis of PTLD and registered Aspergillus IgG serology who attended the adult outpatient pulmonology service at Tygerberg Hospital, a tertiary referral center in South Africa, between 1 September 2020 and 31 October 2022. Th... | Generate one high-quality research question and answer about tuberculosis from the following journal section.
Title: A retrospective study exploring chronic pulmonary aspergillosis in post-tuberculosis lung disease patients
Section Title: Study population
Section Text (truncated): Study population This was a retrospec... | **Research Question:** What is the prevalence of chronic pulmonary aspergillosis in patients with post-tuberculosis lung disease as identified in a retrospective study conducted at a tertiary referral center in South Africa?
** | ** In the retrospective study conducted at Tygerberg Hospital, the prevalence of chronic pulmonary aspergillosis in patients diagnosed with post-tuberculosis lung disease (PTLD) was assessed through the examination of Aspergillus IgG serology in patients who attended the adult outpatient pulmonology service between Sep... |
40445886 | PMC12124562 | 10.1371/journal.pone.0323943 | Lessons from a systematic tracing process aimed to reduce initial loss to follow-up (ILTFU) among people diagnosed with tuberculosis (TB) in Cape Town, South Africa | Data analysis | Data analysis We used descriptive statistics to analyse the data. We plotted our systematic process and calculated numbers and proportions for those already linked at PHC facilities, prior to tracing (not requiring home-based tracing), and those who required home-based tracing, and tracing outcomes. We used Pearson’s c... | 1 | false | true | Data analysis We used descriptive statistics to analyse the data. We plotted our systematic process and calculated numbers and proportions for those already linked at PHC facilities, prior to tracing (not requiring home-based tracing), and those who required home-based tracing, and tracing outcomes. We used Pearson’s c... | Generate one high-quality research question and answer about tuberculosis from the following journal section.
Title: Lessons from a systematic tracing process aimed to reduce initial loss to follow-up (ILTFU) among people diagnosed with tuberculosis (TB) in Cape Town, South Africa
Section Title: Data analysis
Section ... | **Research Question:** How effective was the systematic tracing process in reducing initial loss to follow-up (ILTFU) among individuals diagnosed with tuberculosis in Cape Town, and what demographic and clinical characteristics influenced linkage to care?
** | ** The systematic tracing process implemented in Cape Town significantly reduced initial loss to follow-up (ILTFU) among individuals diagnosed with tuberculosis. By employing descriptive statistics and a Pearson’s chi-squared test, the analysis revealed notable differences in demographic and clinical characteristics be... |
39998048 | PMC11860771 | 10.3390/tropicalmed10020044 | “Time to Change”: To What Extent Could Non-Sputum Sampling Accelerate the Fight Against Tuberculosis—A Qualitative Study Among End-Users | 3.2.3. Risk of Infection | 3.2.3. Risk of Infection Tongue swabs were perceived to be more risky than urine in terms of contamination but less risky than sputum: Sputum is worse because a person must cough! There must be that force pressure. So, it’s easy for droplets to go out and have a contact with whoever, another patient. (SA, CS, W, M) Spu... | 2 | false | true | 3.2.3. Risk of Infection Tongue swabs were perceived to be more risky than urine in terms of contamination but less risky than sputum: Sputum is worse because a person must cough! There must be that force pressure. So, it’s easy for droplets to go out and have a contact with whoever, another patient. (SA, CS, W, M) Spu... | Generate one high-quality research question and answer about tuberculosis from the following journal section.
Title: “Time to Change”: To What Extent Could Non-Sputum Sampling Accelerate the Fight Against Tuberculosis—A Qualitative Study Among End-Users
Section Title: 3.2.3. Risk of Infection
Section Text (truncated):... | **Research Question:** How do perceptions of the risk of infection differ among healthcare workers and patients when comparing non-sputum sampling methods (such as tongue swabs and urine samples) to traditional sputum sampling for tuberculosis diagnosis?
** | ** Perceptions of the risk of infection associated with tuberculosis sampling methods varied significantly between healthcare workers (HCWs) and patients. HCWs expressed greater concern regarding the risks linked to tongue swab sampling, noting that sneezing or coughing during the procedure could increase their exposur... |
39547244 | PMC12062341 | 10.1016/j.lanmic.2024.100963 | Performance of stool-based molecular tests and processing methods for paediatric tuberculosis diagnosis: a systematic review and meta-analysis | Results | Results A total of 4521 records were identified through the databases search strategy and one published paper from the bibliography of the selected articles. After title and abstract revision, 67 studies were retained for full-text reading. 28 articles did not meet inclusion criteria upon full-text reading ( figure 1 ;... | 3 | false | true | Results A total of 4521 records were identified through the databases search strategy and one published paper from the bibliography of the selected articles. After title and abstract revision, 67 studies were retained for full-text reading. 28 articles did not meet inclusion criteria upon full-text reading ( figure 1 ;... | Generate one high-quality research question and answer about tuberculosis from the following journal section.
Title: Performance of stool-based molecular tests and processing methods for paediatric tuberculosis diagnosis: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Section Title: Results
Section Text (truncated): Results A ... | **Question:** What is the overall impact of stool-based molecular tests on the diagnosis of pediatric tuberculosis, as indicated by the systematic review and meta-analysis?
** | ** The systematic review and meta-analysis included a total of 39 studies, of which 35 were utilized for quantitative analysis using culture as the reference standard. The findings indicate that stool-based molecular tests demonstrate a promising performance in diagnosing pediatric tuberculosis. Specifically, these tes... |
40137822 | PMC11946463 | 10.3390/tropicalmed10030068 | Process Evaluation of Pragmatic Cluster-Randomized Trials of Digital Adherence Technologies for Tuberculosis Treatment Support: A Mixed-Method Study in Five Countries | 3.2. Intervention Fidelity | 3.2. Intervention Fidelity Process indicators are summarized in Table 3 . The total SMS reminders sent per PwTB was highest in South Africa and Ethiopia (60.7 and 53.1/PwTB) and lowest in Tanzania (30.9/PwTB). The percentage of days on treatment during which participants received same-day reminders was higher among pa... | 2 | false | true | 3.2. Intervention Fidelity Process indicators are summarized in Table 3 . The total SMS reminders sent per PwTB was highest in South Africa and Ethiopia (60.7 and 53.1/PwTB) and lowest in Tanzania (30.9/PwTB). The percentage of days on treatment during which participants received same-day reminders was higher among pa... | Generate one high-quality research question and answer about tuberculosis from the following journal section.
Title: Process Evaluation of Pragmatic Cluster-Randomized Trials of Digital Adherence Technologies for Tuberculosis Treatment Support: A Mixed-Method Study in Five Countries
Section Title: 3.2. Intervention Fi... | **Question:** How does the type of digital adherence technology (DAT) used impact the fidelity of SMS reminders sent to people with tuberculosis (PwTB) in different countries, and what factors influence the effectiveness of these reminders?
** | ** The type of digital adherence technology (DAT) significantly impacts the fidelity of SMS reminders sent to people with tuberculosis (PwTB), as evidenced by the higher percentages of same-day reminders received by participants using labels compared to pillboxes in Ethiopia (32% vs 23%), the Philippines (38% vs 18%), ... |
39774490 | PMC11706508 | 10.1371/journal.pgph.0003309 | Tuberculosis healthcare service disruptions during the COVID-19 pandemic in Brazil, India and South Africa: A model-based analysis of country-level data | Study setting | Study setting This study focused on Brazil, India and South Africa, three countries which rank among the 30 countries with the highest TB burden in terms of estimated incident TB cases and were also severely affected by the COVID-19 pandemic [ 1 ]. Key indicator data for COVID-19 and TB for the three countries are prov... | 3 | false | true | Study setting This study focused on Brazil, India and South Africa, three countries which rank among the 30 countries with the highest TB burden in terms of estimated incident TB cases and were also severely affected by the COVID-19 pandemic [ 1 ]. Key indicator data for COVID-19 and TB for the three countries are prov... | Generate one high-quality research question and answer about tuberculosis from the following journal section.
Title: Tuberculosis healthcare service disruptions during the COVID-19 pandemic in Brazil, India and South Africa: A model-based analysis of country-level data
Section Title: Study setting
Section Text (trunca... | **Question:** How did the COVID-19 pandemic impact tuberculosis (TB) healthcare services in Brazil, India, and South Africa, particularly in relation to the estimated incidence of TB cases in these countries?
** | ** The COVID-19 pandemic significantly disrupted tuberculosis healthcare services in Brazil, India, and South Africa, which are among the countries with the highest TB burden globally. The pandemic led to healthcare resource reallocation, reduced patient access to TB diagnosis and treatment, and increased stigma and fe... |
40059193 | PMC11892131 | 10.1186/s12866-025-03816-9 | Prevalence of katG and inhA mutations associated with isoniazid resistance in Mycobacterium tuberculosis clinical isolates in Cameroon | Data analysis | Data analysis The data were initially input into Microsoft Excel 365 (Version 2402 Build 16.0.17328.20124), and frequencies were utilized to characterize clinical and sociodemographic traits, as well as mutations associated with drug resistance. The prevalence of mutations in the katG and inhA genes among different... | 2 | false | true | Data analysis The data were initially input into Microsoft Excel 365 (Version 2402 Build 16.0.17328.20124), and frequencies were utilized to characterize clinical and sociodemographic traits, as well as mutations associated with drug resistance. The prevalence of mutations in the katG and inhA genes among different... | Generate one high-quality research question and answer about tuberculosis from the following journal section.
Title: Prevalence of katG and inhA mutations associated with isoniazid resistance in Mycobacterium tuberculosis clinical isolates in Cameroon
Section Title: Data analysis
Section Text (truncated): Data analysi... | **Question:** What statistical methods were employed to analyze the prevalence of katG and inhA mutations associated with isoniazid resistance in Mycobacterium tuberculosis isolates, and how was statistical significance determined in the study conducted in Cameroon?
** | ** The study utilized frequency analysis to characterize clinical and sociodemographic traits, as well as the mutations associated with drug resistance in Mycobacterium tuberculosis isolates. The Chi-square test was employed to compare the prevalence of mutations in the katG and inhA genes across different sex, age gro... |
40443956 | PMC12120838 | 10.3389/frabi.2025.1574688 | Quantification of bactericidal activity using the PATHFAST TB LAM Ag assay during the first 14 days of pulmonary tuberculosis treatment | Comparison between the PATHFAST-LAM and culture methods | Comparison between the PATHFAST-LAM and culture methods We compared the PATHFAST-LAM results with CFU counts on solid culture and TTD from the MGIT system in each of the 5 treatment arms (OPC-167832 3 mg, 10 mg, 30 mg, 90 mg, and HRZE), and data from the 5 arms combined. The PATHFAST-LAM results in raw sputum showed a ... | 1 | false | true | Comparison between the PATHFAST-LAM and culture methods We compared the PATHFAST-LAM results with CFU counts on solid culture and TTD from the MGIT system in each of the 5 treatment arms (OPC-167832 3 mg, 10 mg, 30 mg, 90 mg, and HRZE), and data from the 5 arms combined. The PATHFAST-LAM results in raw sputum showed a ... | Generate one high-quality research question and answer about tuberculosis from the following journal section.
Title: Quantification of bactericidal activity using the PATHFAST TB LAM Ag assay during the first 14 days of pulmonary tuberculosis treatment
Section Title: Comparison between the PATHFAST-LAM and culture met... | **Question:** How does the PATHFAST TB LAM Ag assay compare to traditional culture methods in quantifying bactericidal activity during the initial treatment phase of pulmonary tuberculosis, based on the correlation of LAM concentrations in sputum with CFU counts?
** | ** The study demonstrates that the PATHFAST TB LAM Ag assay shows a strong correlation with traditional culture methods for assessing bactericidal activity in patients undergoing treatment for pulmonary tuberculosis. Specifically, the Spearman’s correlation coefficients between LAM concentrations in raw sputum and CFU ... |
39953433 | PMC11829483 | 10.1186/s12889-024-20868-0 | A systematic review exploring the role of tuberculosis stigma on test and treatment uptake for tuberculosis infection | Eligibility criteria | Eligibility criteria Studies were included if people were at risk of TBI and progression to disease who are eligible for or offered TBI testing (e.g., people with social and clinical risk factors of homelessness, drug and/or alcohol problems, HIV status) or TBI treatment from any gender and age, with no geographic rest... | 2 | false | true | Eligibility criteria Studies were included if people were at risk of TBI and progression to disease who are eligible for or offered TBI testing (e.g., people with social and clinical risk factors of homelessness, drug and/or alcohol problems, HIV status) or TBI treatment from any gender and age, with no geographic rest... | Generate one high-quality research question and answer about tuberculosis from the following journal section.
Title: A systematic review exploring the role of tuberculosis stigma on test and treatment uptake for tuberculosis infection
Section Title: Eligibility criteria
Section Text (truncated): Eligibility criteria S... | **Question:** How does tuberculosis (TB) stigma impact the uptake of testing and treatment among individuals at risk for tuberculosis infection (TBI) based on the systematic review's eligibility criteria?
** | ** The systematic review indicates that tuberculosis stigma significantly affects the willingness of at-risk individuals to seek testing and treatment for tuberculosis infection. Individuals who experience stigma related to TB, particularly those from marginalized backgrounds such as the homeless, substance users, or i... |
39733063 | PMC11802714 | 10.1007/s40265-024-02131-3 | Tuberculosis Preventive Treatment in High TB-Burden Settings: A State-of-the-Art Review | Drug–Drug Interactions Between Rifamycins and Antiretrovirals | Drug–Drug Interactions Between Rifamycins and Antiretrovirals Drug–drug interactions (DDIs) between the rifamycins, including rifampicin and rifapentine, and antiretrovirals are common. Dolutegravir (DTG), an integrase strand transfer inhibitor (INSTI) plus the two nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors, tenofovir... | 4 | false | true | Drug–Drug Interactions Between Rifamycins and Antiretrovirals Drug–drug interactions (DDIs) between the rifamycins, including rifampicin and rifapentine, and antiretrovirals are common. Dolutegravir (DTG), an integrase strand transfer inhibitor (INSTI) plus the two nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors, tenofovir... | Generate one high-quality research question and answer about tuberculosis from the following journal section.
Title: Tuberculosis Preventive Treatment in High TB-Burden Settings: A State-of-the-Art Review
Section Title: Drug–Drug Interactions Between Rifamycins and Antiretrovirals
Section Text (truncated): Drug–Drug I... | **Question:** How do drug-drug interactions (DDIs) between rifamycins and antiretrovirals impact the efficacy of tuberculosis preventive treatment in individuals co-infected with HIV in high TB-burden settings?
** | ** Drug-drug interactions between rifamycins, such as rifampicin and rifapentine, and antiretroviral therapies can significantly affect the efficacy of tuberculosis preventive treatment (TPT) in individuals co-infected with HIV, particularly in high TB-burden settings. The most commonly used antiretroviral therapy (ART... |
40943450 | PMC12429392 | 10.3390/ijms26178531 | Structure–Function Analysis of Mycobacterium tuberculosis Drug Target Cytochrome P450 125 (CYP125) Enzyme Family | 2. Results and Discussion | 2. Results and Discussion 2.1. CYP125A Members’ Active Site Amino Acids Are Highly Dynamic Twenty-one CYP125A members’ crystal structures were retrieved from the Research Collaboratory for Structural Bioinformatics (RCSB) Protein Data Bank (PDB) [ 35 ] ( Table 2 ). Analysis of CYP125A members’ crystal structures reveal... | 0 | false | true | 2. Results and Discussion 2.1. CYP125A Members’ Active Site Amino Acids Are Highly Dynamic Twenty-one CYP125A members’ crystal structures were retrieved from the Research Collaboratory for Structural Bioinformatics (RCSB) Protein Data Bank (PDB) [ 35 ] ( Table 2 ). Analysis of CYP125A members’ crystal structures reveal... | Generate one high-quality research question and answer about tuberculosis from the following journal section.
Title: Structure–Function Analysis of Mycobacterium tuberculosis Drug Target Cytochrome P450 125 (CYP125) Enzyme Family
Section Title: 2. Results and Discussion
Section Text (truncated): 2. Results and Discuss... | **Research Question:** How do the conformational dynamics of the active site in Cytochrome P450 125 (CYP125) influence its potential as a drug target in the treatment of tuberculosis?
** | ** The conformational dynamics of the active site in CYP125 play a crucial role in its potential as a drug target for tuberculosis treatment. The analysis of crystal structures of CYP125A members indicates that a significant majority (71%) are in a closed conformation, which is favorable for ligand binding, suggesting ... |
39810936 | PMC11731502 | 10.1016/j.eclinm.2024.103010 | The effectiveness of community-wide screening for pulmonary tuberculosis: a systematic review | Comparison two: community-wide symptom screening compared to community-wide health promotion for pulmonary TB | Comparison two: community-wide symptom screening compared to community-wide health promotion for pulmonary TB Symptom screening may increase the CNR at completion of the intervention (n = 58 857, rate ratio 1.55, 95% CI: 1.10–2.18, 1 RCT, low certainty evidence, Appendix p 8 ) ( Table 3 ). Symptom screening may result... | 2 | false | true | Comparison two: community-wide symptom screening compared to community-wide health promotion for pulmonary TB Symptom screening may increase the CNR at completion of the intervention (n = 58 857, rate ratio 1.55, 95% CI: 1.10–2.18, 1 RCT, low certainty evidence, Appendix p 8 ) ( Table 3 ). Symptom screening may result... | Generate one high-quality research question and answer about tuberculosis from the following journal section.
Title: The effectiveness of community-wide screening for pulmonary tuberculosis: a systematic review
Section Title: Comparison two: community-wide symptom screening compared to community-wide health promotion ... | **Question:** How does community-wide symptom screening compare to community-wide health promotion in terms of its effectiveness on the case notification rate (CNR) for pulmonary tuberculosis, and what are the implications of the findings?
** | ** Community-wide symptom screening appears to increase the case notification rate (CNR) at the completion of the intervention, with a rate ratio of 1.55 (95% CI: 1.10–2.18) based on one randomized controlled trial (RCT) involving 58,857 participants, indicating that symptom screening can be more effective than health ... |
40295169 | PMC12349950 | 10.1093/infdis/jiaf178 | Population Pharmacokinetics of Rifampicin in Plasma and Cerebrospinal Fluid in Adults With Tuberculosis Meningitis | METHODS | METHODS Parent Study and Interventions This was a pharmacokinetic substudy of LASER-TBM, a phase 2A trial investigating the safety and tolerability of intensified antibiotic therapy in adults with HIV-associated TBM. Participants were enrolled within 5 days of anti-TB treatment initiation from 4 hospitals in South Afri... | 1 | false | true | METHODS Parent Study and Interventions This was a pharmacokinetic substudy of LASER-TBM, a phase 2A trial investigating the safety and tolerability of intensified antibiotic therapy in adults with HIV-associated TBM. Participants were enrolled within 5 days of anti-TB treatment initiation from 4 hospitals in South Afri... | Generate one high-quality research question and answer about tuberculosis from the following journal section.
Title: Population Pharmacokinetics of Rifampicin in Plasma and Cerebrospinal Fluid in Adults With Tuberculosis Meningitis
Section Title: METHODS
Section Text (truncated): METHODS Parent Study and Interventions... | **Question:** How does the dosage form and method of administration of rifampicin affect its pharmacokinetics in plasma and cerebrospinal fluid in adults with HIV-associated tuberculosis meningitis?
** | ** The study investigates the population pharmacokinetics of rifampicin by comparing different dosing regimens, specifically assessing the impact of high-dose oral (35 mg/kg) versus intravenous (IV; 20 mg/kg) administration on rifampicin levels in plasma and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) among adults with HIV-associated tu... |
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