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Answer the following health-related question.
Experience: Licensed Professional
Question type: mcq | Tuberculosis can be treated by
Answer Options: {"option1": "4months of Isoniazid and Rifampicin; 2 months of ethambutol, Isoniazid, rifampicin and pyrazinamide", "option2": "2months of Isoniazide, Rifampicin, ethambutol and Pyrazinemide; 4 months of Ethambutol and pyrazinamide", "option3": "2months of Pyrazinemide , et... | Answer: option4
Rationale: None | Relevant: The question is specifically about the treatment options for tuberculosis, which directly relates to TB. |
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Experience: Student
Question type: mcq | Cytokines involved in defense against Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection include;
Answer Options: {"option1": "interferon \u2013 alpha", "option2": "interferon \u2013 beta", "option3": "interferon \u2013 gamma", "option4": "interleukin \u2013 12", "option5": "interleukin \u2013 1"} | Answer: option3,option4
Rationale: None | Relevant: The question specifically addresses cytokines involved in the immune response against Mycobacterium tuberculosis, which is the causative agent of tuberculosis. |
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Question type: mcq | Surgery for ileal and ileocecal tuberculosis may involve
Answer Options: {"option1": "Limited ileocolic resection", "option2": "Right hemicolectomy", "option3": "Ileo-transverse anastomosis", "option4": "Stricturoplasty", "option5": "All of the above"} | Answer: option5
Rationale: None | Relevant: The question pertains to surgical options for ileal and ileocecal tuberculosis, which is directly related to tuberculosis. |
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Experience: Licensed Professional
Question type: mcq | Which of the following types of lesion may be caused by intestinal infection with Mycobacterium tuberculosis?
Answer Options: {"option1": "Transverse ulcers with undermined edges in the ileum", "option2": "Longitudinal ulcers on the antimesenteric border of the terminal ileum", "option3": "Tubercles on the mu... | Answer: option1
Rationale: None | Relevant: The question pertains to lesions caused by intestinal infection with Mycobacterium tuberculosis, which is directly related to tuberculosis (TB). |
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Experience: Intern
Question type: mcq | A Level Six student doing a clinical clerkship in the medical wards is concerned about the risk of getting tuberculosis. Which of the following is TRUE?
Answer Options: {"option1": "He should get vaccinated with BCG", "option2": "A positive Mantoux test indicates excellent protection against TB", "option3": "N-95 Filte... | Answer: option3
Rationale: None | Relevant: The question addresses the risk of tuberculosis and includes options related to TB prevention and management, such as vaccination, testing, and treatment in the context of HIV/TB co-infection. |
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Experience: Student
Question type: mcq | Concerning HIV in Africa
Answer Options: {"option1": "Circumcision is associated with lower rates of HIV infection amongst African men", "option2": "Infection rates are generally higher in rural populations", "option3": "Pneumocystis pneumonia is a more common presentation of AIDS than in Europe", "option4": "The p... | Answer: option1,option5
Rationale: HIV is associated with a large number of sexual partners, a history of sexually transmitted disease or genital ulcers, prostitution and retention of foreskin (i.e. circumcision protects). However, HIV is so prevalent that identification of risk groups is of limited importance in terms... | Relevant: The entry mentions "Pulmonary tuberculosis is often associated with HIV infection," which directly relates to tuberculosis (TB) and its connection with HIV. |
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Question type: mcq | Cavitary lung lesions are seen in patients with Tuberculosis and which of the following?
Answer Options: {"option1": "strongyloidaisis", "option2": "paragonimiasis", "option3": "ascariasis", "option4": "filariasis", "option5": "helminthiasis"} | Answer: option2
Rationale: None | Relevant: The question specifically addresses cavitary lung lesions in patients with Tuberculosis, making it directly related to TB. |
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Question type: mcq | Tuberculosis is endemic in parts of Africa, Asia and South America.
Which of the following is not common in primary pulmonary tuberculosis?
Answer Options: {"option1": "Cavity", "option2": "Fibrosis", "option3": "Lymphadenopathy", "option4": "Pleural effusion", "option5": "All of the above"} | Answer: option1
Rationale: None | Relevant: The question specifically addresses aspects of primary pulmonary tuberculosis and asks about common features associated with it, which directly relates to tuberculosis. |
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Question type: mcq | Which of the following statements is True about Pyuria?
Answer Options: {"option1": "It is the presence of red blood cells (RBCs) in the urine", "option2": "Generally indicative of increased bleeding tendency", "option3": "Bacteriuria without pyuria is generally indicative of urosepsis", "option4": "Bacteriur... | Answer: option5
Rationale: None | Relevant: The answer mentions that "Pyuria without bacteriuria warrants evaluation for tuberculosis," which directly relates to tuberculosis. |
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Question type: mcq | A 78-year-old retired plumber presented to the general clinic complaining of gradually worsening difficulty breathing and dull left sided chest pain for the past 4 months. He has a 10-pack year history of smoking. Chest examination findings were reduced chest expansion, stony dull percussion note and reduced breath sou... | Answer: option4
Rationale: None | Relevant: The question presents a clinical scenario where tuberculosis is one of the potential causes of pleural effusion, particularly in older patients with a history of respiratory issues. |
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Question type: mcq | Infectious causes of pulmonary cavitation include the following except
Answer Options: {"option1": "Mycobacterium tuberculosis", "option2": "Klebsiella pneumoniae", "option3": "Staphylococcus aureus", "option4": "Streptococcus anginosus", "option5": "Moraxella catarrhalis"} | Answer: option5
Rationale: None | Relevant: The question addresses infectious causes of pulmonary cavitation, and Mycobacterium tuberculosis is a known cause of tuberculosis, making it relevant to TB-related discussions. |
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Experience: Intern
Question type: mcq | Which of the following is given to treat latent TB infection in patients living with HIV?
Answer Options: {"option1": "BCG", "option2": "Isoniazid", "option3": "Pyrazinamide", "option4": "Moxifloxacin", "option5": "Ethambutol"} | Answer: option2
Rationale: None | Relevant: The question specifically asks about the treatment for latent TB infection in patients living with HIV, which is directly related to tuberculosis. |
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Experience: Licensed Professional
Question type: mcq | Which of the following statements is True concerning chronic infections of surgical
importance?
Answer Options: {"option1": "Collar stud abscess is firm, tender and warm to touch", "option2": "Actinomycosis can present as craniofacial, thoracic and abdominal lesions", "option3": "Tuberculosis is caused by a gram ... | Answer: option2
Rationale: None | Relevant: The question includes options that specifically mention tuberculosis (TB), indicating it is related to TB. |
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Question type: mcq | Mycobacteria Tuberculosis
Answer Options: {"option1": "Are aerobic, non-spore forming , non-motile cocci", "option2": "Induce type 2 hypersensitivity", "option3": "Cause formation of epithelioid cell granulomas", "option4": "Are killed by macrophages in primary infection", "option5": "Are killed by macrophages in prim... | Answer: option3
Rationale: None | Relevant: The question pertains to Mycobacterium tuberculosis, which is the causative agent of tuberculosis, and the answer option discusses the formation of epithelioid cell granulomas, a key feature of TB pathology. |
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Experience: Intern
Question type: mcq | 24) Upon entering your examination room, you find a father who is visibly upset. He has brought his 1-month-old and 2-year-old daughters to see you today because his wife was recently diagnosed with tuberculosis. As you question him further, he tells you that his wife's physician told him that his wife's chest radiogra... | Answer: option2
Rationale: None | Relevant: The question discusses a family situation involving a mother diagnosed with tuberculosis and seeks advice on the appropriate treatment for her children, which is directly related to TB management. |
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Question type: mcq | Concerning tuberculosis:
Answer Options: {"option1": "Rarely affect children who have received BCG vaccine", "option2": "Pleural effusion is a prominent feature of primary disease", "option3": "Phyctenular conjunctivitis is a feature", "option4": "Incubation period is 10-14 days", "option5": "Widened superior mediastin... | Answer: option2,option3,option4,option5
Rationale: None | Relevant: The question and answer options pertain to tuberculosis (TB) and its related features, making it a TB-related Q&A. |
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Experience: Licensed Professional
Question type: mcq | The following organisms are recognized causes of pulmonary cavitation except
Answer Options: {"option1": "Mycobacterium tuberculosis", "option2": "Hemophilus influenzae", "option3": "Klebsiella spp.", "option4": "aspergillus fumigatus", "option5": "Staphylococcus aureus"} | Answer: option2
Rationale: None | Relevant: The question involves Mycobacterium tuberculosis, which is the causative agent of tuberculosis, and asks about organisms related to pulmonary cavitation, making it relevant to TB. |
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Question type: mcq | The following are members of the Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex (MTBC);
Answer Options: {"option1": "Mycobacterium leprae", "option2": "Mycobacterium bovis", "option3": "Mycobacterium fortuitum", "option4": "Mycobacterium pinnipedii", "option5": "Mycobacterium africanum"} | Answer: option2,option4,option5
Rationale: None | Relevant: The question is about members of the Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex, which directly relates to tuberculosis (TB). |
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Experience: Intern
Question type: mcq | The commonest site for extrapulmonary tuberculosis is?
Answer Options: {"option1": "Cervical lymph nodes", "option2": "Pleura", "option3": "Meninges", "option4": "Bone", "option5": "Miliary TB"} | Answer: option1
Rationale: None | Relevant: The question is specifically about extrapulmonary tuberculosis, which is directly related to TB. |
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Experience: Licensed Professional
Question type: mcq | Which of the following conditions, prevalent in Africa, is characterized by a chronic cough with sputum production, chest pain, weight loss, and fatigue, and is caused by infection with the bacterium Mycobacterium tuberculosis?
Answer Options: {"option1": "Pneumonia", "option2": "Bronchiectasis", "option3": "Tuberculos... | Answer: option3
Rationale: Tuberculosis (TB) is a bacterial infection caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis and primarily affects the lungs, although it can involve other organs as well. It is characterized by symptoms such as a chronic cough with sputum production, chest pain, weight loss, fatigue, and fever. TB is a m... | Relevant: The question specifically asks about a condition caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis, which is tuberculosis (TB), and describes its symptoms accurately. |
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Question type: mcq | for microscopic identification of mycobacterium tuberculosis, which stain is used?
Answer Options: {"option1": "Giemsa Stain", "option2": "Ziehl Nielson stain", "option3": "iodine preparation", "option4": "Gram Stain", "option5": "Giemsa and Ziehl Nielson stain"} | Answer: option2
Rationale: None | Relevant: The question is specifically about the identification of Mycobacterium tuberculosis, which is the causative agent of tuberculosis, and it asks for the stain used in this process. |
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Experience: Intern
Question type: mcq | Which of the following is not true of chest X ray findings in TB
Answer Options: {"option1": "Hilar enlargement", "option2": "Pleural effusion", "option3": "Honeycomb appearance", "option4": "Pericardial effusion", "option5": "n/a"} | Answer: option3
Rationale: None | Relevant: The question specifically asks about chest X-ray findings related to tuberculosis (TB), which directly pertains to the disease. |
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Question type: mcq | Hepatic tuberculosis may manifest as all of the following except?
Answer Options: {"option1": "Miliary tuberculosis", "option2": "Tuberculous hepatitis", "option3": "Tuberculomas", "option4": "Tuberculous abscess", "option5": "Rich focus"} | Answer: option5
Rationale: None | Relevant: The question pertains to hepatic tuberculosis and its manifestations, which are directly related to tuberculosis (TB). |
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Experience: Intern
Question type: mcq | Which of the following statements is TRUE?
Answer Options: {"option1": "Bacteria are the commonest cause of upper respiratory tract infection", "option2": "Tobacco smoking is the greatest risk factor for bronchogenic carcinoma", "option3": "Respiratory Syncytial Virus is the commonest etiology in acute coryza", "option... | Answer: option2
Rationale: None | Relevant: The question includes an option specifically about the diagnosis of pulmonary tuberculosis (option5), which makes it related to TB. |
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Experience: Student
Question type: mcq | The standard diagnostic test for latent TB infection in Africa is:
Answer Options: {"option1": "Chest X-ray", "option2": "Sputum smear microscopy", "option3": "Blood test for TB antibodies", "option4": "Tuberculin skin test (TST)", "option5": "None of the above"} | Answer: option2
Rationale: Sputum smear microscopy is a simple, inexpensive, and effective test for diagnosing active TB in resource-limited settings like many African countries. | Relevant: The question pertains to the standard diagnostic test for latent TB infection, which is directly related to tuberculosis. |
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Experience: Student
Question type: mcq | A 6-year old presents with breathlessness, wheezing and generalized rhonchi. The likely aetiologies include:
Answer Options: {"option1": "Acute laryngotracheobronchitis", "option2": "Bronchiolitis", "option3": "Laryngeal web", "option4": "Foreign body aspiration", "option5": "Endobronchial tuberculosis"} | Answer: option5
Rationale: None | Relevant: The question includes "Endobronchial tuberculosis" as one of the answer options, indicating a potential TB-related condition. |
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Experience: Licensed Professional
Question type: mcq | Tuberculosis can be treated by
a. 4 months of Isoniazid and Rifampicin; 2 months of ethambutol, Isoniazid, rifampicin and pyrazinamide
b. 2 months of Isoniazide, Rifampicin, ethambutol and Pyrazinemide; 4 months of Ethambutol and pyrazinamide
c. 2 months of Pyrazinemide , ethambutol; 4 months of Rifampicine, ISoniaz... | Answer: option4
Rationale: None | Relevant: The question is specifically about the treatment options for tuberculosis, which directly relates to TB. |
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Experience: Student
Question type: mcq | The following are causes of anaemia of chronic disorders:
Answer Options: {"option1": "a.\tMalaria;", "option2": "b.\tConnective tissue disease;", "option3": "c.\tPregnancy;", "option4": "d.\tMalignant diseases;", "option5": "e.\tTuberculosis."} | Answer: option2,option4,option5
Rationale: None | Relevant: The dataset entry includes tuberculosis as one of the causes of anaemia of chronic disorders, indicating a connection to TB. |
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Experience: Intern
Question type: mcq | A 4 yr old whose mother died 2 years ago and is currently staying with the grandmother reports to the clinic with fever, cough, and weight of 11 kg. Further enquiry showed that his grandmother has been coughing for the past 2 months. What will be your next course of action?
Answer Options: {"option1": "A.\u200bStart is... | Answer: option1
Rationale: None | Relevant: The question involves a child with symptoms indicative of tuberculosis and a grandmother who has been coughing for an extended period, suggesting potential TB exposure. The options provided include actions related to TB diagnosis and treatment. |
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Experience: Licensed Professional
Question type: mcq | A 42-year-old woman on medications for pulmonary tuberculosis complains of numbness and tingling sensation in both hands and feet which developed recently. What could have been added to her medications to help prevent development of these new symptoms?
Answer Options: {"option1": "Cobalamin", "option2": "Py... | Answer: option2
Rationale: None | Relevant: The question pertains to a patient with pulmonary tuberculosis and addresses a potential side effect of the medications used for TB treatment, specifically asking about a supplement that could help prevent neurological symptoms. |
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Question type: mcq | Which of the following surgical procedures is NOT performed in intrathoracic complications of Tuberculosis?
Answer Options: {"option1": "Lobectomy", "option2": "Pneumonectomy", "option3": "Decortication for trapped lung", "option4": "Stenting of proximal airways bronchial stenosis", "option5": "Stenting of... | Answer: option5
Rationale: None | Relevant: The question specifically addresses surgical procedures related to intrathoracic complications of Tuberculosis, making it directly related to TB. |
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Question type: mcq | Monocytosis can be observed in
Answer Options: {"option1": "Tuberculosis", "option2": "Malaria", "option3": "Chronic Myelomonocytic Leuckemia", "option4": "none of the above", "option5": "all of the above"} | Answer: option5
Rationale: Monocytosis happens when your monocyte count is too high. Monocytosis is often linked to infectious diseases and autoimmune diseases including malaria, tuberculosis and CML. | Relevant: The question discusses monocytosis, which is associated with tuberculosis among other conditions, making it relevant to TB. |
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Question type: mcq | Which of the following describes multi-drug resistant (MDR) tuberculosis (TB)
Answer Options: {"option1": "TB resistant to isoniazid", "option2": "TB resistant to pyrazinamide", "option3": "TB resistant to injectable anti-TB drugs", "option4": "TB resistant to rifampicin and isoniazid", "option5": "TB resistant to etha... | Answer: option4
Rationale: None | Relevant: The question specifically asks about multi-drug resistant tuberculosis (MDR TB) and provides options related to TB resistance, making it directly related to tuberculosis. |
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Question type: mcq | What is the commonest cause of pericardial effusion in low resource countries for example Malawi?
Answer Options: {"option1": "Trauma", "option2": "Tuberculosis", "option3": "Streptococcus pneumoniae", "option4": "Idiopathic", "option5": "n/a"} | Answer: option2,option5
Rationale: None | Relevant: The question specifically asks about the commonest cause of pericardial effusion in low-resource countries, and one of the answer options is "Tuberculosis," which is known to be a significant cause of pericardial effusion in such settings. |
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Question type: mcq | The following disease can present with nasal granuloma formation EXCEPT
Answer Options: {"option1": "Tuberculosis", "option2": "Syphilis", "option3": "Malaria", "option4": "foreign body in the nose", "option5": "Rhinoscleroma"} | Answer: option3
Rationale: None | Relevant: The question involves tuberculosis as one of the options and discusses a condition that can present with nasal granuloma formation, which is related to TB. |
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Question type: mcq | Primary progressive tuberculosis is characterized by
Answer Options: {"option1": "Upper lobe consolidation with hilar adenopathy", "option2": "Cavitatory changes additional to lung consolidation", "option3": "Hilar adenopathy", "option4": "Middle lobe consolidation with hilar adenopathy", "option5": "n/a"} | Answer: option4
Rationale: None | Relevant: The question pertains to primary progressive tuberculosis and its characteristics, which directly relates to TB. |
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Question type: mcq | Which organism can be detected by antigen testing of csf, urine and serum?
Answer Options: {"option1": "cryptococcus neoformans", "option2": "TB", "option3": "E coli", "option4": "Hemophilus", "option5": "group B streptococcus"} | Answer: option2
Rationale: None | Relevant: The question specifically mentions "TB" as one of the answer options, indicating it is related to tuberculosis. |
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Question type: mcq | Which of these statements regarding tuberculosis (TB) and HIV infection is true?
Answer Options: {"option1": "The lifetime risk for developing active TB in HIV-infected individuals is twice that of HIV-uninfected individuals.", "option2": "Active TB accelerates HIV disease", "option3": "In patients with Pulmonary TB ... | Answer: option2
Rationale: None | Relevant: The question specifically addresses tuberculosis (TB) in relation to HIV infection, making it directly related to TB. |
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Question type: mcq | Chest X ray done for a 45-year-old man with chronic cough shows opacities in the upper lobes. Which of the following in not a cause of predominantly upper lobe opacities?
Answer Options: {"option1": "Tuberculosis", "option2": "Sarcoidosis", "option3": "Silicosis", "option4": "Hypersensitivity pneumonitis", "optio... | Answer: option5
Rationale: None | Relevant: The question pertains to causes of upper lobe opacities on a chest X-ray, and tuberculosis is one of the conditions listed as a potential cause, making it relevant to TB. |
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Experience: Intern
Question type: mcq | A 27-year-old woman is taking anti-TB medications. She now presents with visual impairment. Which of the following is the most likely cause of her symptom
Answer Options: {"option1": "Pyrazinamide", "option2": "Isoniazid", "option3": "Streptomycin", "option4": "Rifampicin", "option5": "Ethambutol"} | Answer: option5
Rationale: None | Relevant: The question pertains to a patient taking anti-TB medications and presents symptoms related to tuberculosis treatment, specifically asking about the cause of visual impairment associated with one of the TB drugs. |
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Experience: Intern
Question type: mcq | Which of the following statements on HIV-TB co-infection is true
Answer Options: {"option1": "Anti-retroviral and anti-tuberculous drugs should be started at the same time", "option2": "Anti-tuberculous drugs should be started first", "option3": "Anti-retroviral drugs should be started first", "option4": "None of the a... | Answer: option2
Rationale: None | Relevant: The question specifically addresses HIV-TB co-infection, which is directly related to tuberculosis (TB). |
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Question type: mcq | Which of the following is the most common cause of chronic cough in Africa
Answer Options: {"option1": "Gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD)", "option2": "Asthma", "option3": "Pneumonia", "option4": "Chronic bronchitis", "option5": "Tuberculosis"} | Answer: option5
Rationale: The reason A) Tuberculosis is the most common cause of chronic cough in Africa is because tuberculosis is highly prevalent in many African countries, making it a leading cause of chronic respiratory symptoms such as coughing. Additionally, tuberculosis can remain latent for years before becom... | Relevant: The question specifically addresses tuberculosis as a common cause of chronic cough in Africa, highlighting its prevalence and relevance to TB-related health issues. |
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Question type: mcq | A 70 years old male patient in State house hospital Abuja with CSF changes in meningitis shows the following: appearance: turbid/viscous, mononuclear: 100-300 mm3, polymorph cell: 0-200/mm3, protein: 0.5-3.0 g/l glucose: < ½ blood glucose. Which of the following disease state best describe the patient’s condition
Answe... | Answer: option1
Rationale: None | Relevant: The question pertains to a patient with meningitis and provides clinical findings that suggest tuberculosis meningitis, which is directly related to TB. |
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Question type: mcq | A 39-year-old Ghanaian was diagnosed with TB of the GIT. The granulomatous lesions appeared to be denser along the ileum. What is the most appropriate intervention for this patient
Answer Options: {"option1": "a.\tPrepare for resection of the ileum to prevent spread", "option2": "b.\tResect the ileum and the adjacent ... | Answer: option3
Rationale: None | Relevant: The question pertains to a patient diagnosed with tuberculosis (TB) of the gastrointestinal tract, specifically asking about the appropriate intervention for managing TB, which is directly related to the disease. |
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Question type: mcq | 68) BCG vaccine is given to new-borns in Malawi as part of the routine immunization schedule. Which of the following is an effect of BCG which leads to its recommendation by WHO?
Answer Options: {"option1": "d)\tIt reduces TB meningitis", "option2": "d)\tIt reduces TB meningitis", "option3": "d)\tIt reduces TB meningi... | Answer: option4
Rationale: None | Relevant: The question pertains to the BCG vaccine, which is specifically used to prevent tuberculosis (TB) and its complications, such as TB meningitis. |
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