q_id stringlengths 12 27 | question stringlengths 92 3.53k | answer stringclasses 10
values | cot_ids listlengths 4 32 | cots listlengths 4 32 | parsed_answers listlengths 4 32 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
3054_mmlu_biology | Question: In general, animal cells differ from plant cells in that animal cells have
A. a cell wall made of cellulose
B. lysosomes
C. large vacuoles that store water
D. centrioles within centrosomes | D | [
0,
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13,
14,
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] | [
[
"Animal cells lack a cell wall and have a plasma membrane as their outermost covering.",
"Animal cells do secrete enzymes in their lysosomes, which can degrade materials and help in the recycling of cellular components.",
"Plant cells have large vacuoles that do store water, particularly in their leav... | [
"A",
"A",
"A",
"A",
"B",
"D",
"A",
"A",
"A",
"A",
"A",
"A",
"D",
"A",
"D",
"A"
] |
2957_mmlu_biology | Question: In humans, the disease known as hemophilia is inherited as an X-linked recessive trait. Sally and Sam, both of whom are normal, marry, and they have three children: (1) Saul, a hemophiliac, who marries a normal woman and has a daughter, Sarah, who is normal; (2) a normal daughter, Sheryl, who marries a normal... | D | [
0,
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3,
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13,
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15
] | [
[
"To determine the genotypes of Sally and Sam, we must find the possible genotypes that would produce the three children with hemophilia (H) or normal (h) alleles for each.",
"The only possible genotypes for Sally and Sam that can give Saul, Sarah, Sheryl, and Shirley their respective genotypes are:",
... | [
"A",
"A",
"H",
"F",
"C",
"D",
"A",
"C",
"A",
"E",
"C",
"H",
"A",
"J",
"C",
"J"
] |
3057_mmlu_biology | Question: In order for the Hardy-Weinberg law to operate with respect to a population of organisms, each of the following conditions must be met EXCEPT:
A. Genes are exchanged with other populations.
B. Population size is large.
C. Natural selection does not take place.
D. Matings are random. | A | [
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[
"The Hardy-Weinberg law applies to populations in which the conditions of \"no net evolution\" are met.",
"Natural selection is a form of net evolution and is thus specifically excluded from Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium.",
"The law allows for gene flow, like in option (A), because it does not prohibit i... | [
"C",
"A",
"A",
"C",
"A",
"A",
"C",
"A",
"B",
"C",
"A",
"A",
"C",
"A",
"A"
] |
3078_mmlu_biology | Question: What features enable the ferns to grow to a much largersize than the mosses?
A. Ferns grow larger because they can perform photosynthesis more efficiently than mosses
B. Ferns grow larger due to higher nutrient content
C. Ferns grow larger due to a stronger stem
D. Ferns grow larger due to their ability to mo... | G | [
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2,
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4,
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8,
9,
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11,
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13,
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15
] | [
[
"Ferns have a more complex vascular system compared to mosses.",
"The vascular system, comprising xylem, phloem and xylem vessels, is crucial for the transport of water, minerals and nutrients throughout the plant.",
"This vascular system allows ferns to transport water and nutrients from the root to ... | [
"G",
"G",
"G",
"G",
"G",
"G",
"G",
"G",
"G",
"G",
"G",
"G",
"H",
"G",
"G",
"G"
] |
2834_mmlu_biology | Question: Consider that in humans red-green colorblindness is controlled by a recessive X-linked gene, c. Assume that a normal-visioned woman, whose father was colorblind, marries a normal-visioned man. What is the probability that their first child will be colorblind?
A. 1/5
B. 2/3
C. 1/6
D. 3/4
E. 1/2
F. 1/3
G. 1/4
H... | G | [
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15
] | [
[
"A normal-visioned woman's father is colorblind, which implies that he has X-linked recessive colorblindness.",
"A normal-visioned woman must therefore be a carrier for the gene with one X chromosome that is normal and one X chromosome that has the gene for colorblindness.",
"Her son must inherit his ... | [
"G",
"E",
"D",
"I",
"E",
"E",
"E",
"E",
"G",
"E",
"G",
"G",
"G",
"E",
"E",
"G"
] |
3002_mmlu_biology | Question: Whatfunctionsare served by sound communication in animals?
A. Mate attraction, species recognition, defense, and territorial claim
B. For heat regulation
C. For hunting
D. For navigation
E. For mineral absorption
F. For camouflage
G. For echolocation
H. For hibernation
I. For photosynthesis
J. For playing gam... | A | [
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13,
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] | [
[
"Many animals use sound communication for a variety of purposes.",
"Mate attraction, species recognition, defense, and territorial claims are all known reasons animals use sound communication.",
"Echolocation is used by some animals to navigate and detect objects in their environment.",
"These are... | [
"G",
"A",
"A",
"E",
"A",
"A",
"A",
"A",
"A",
"A",
"B",
"A",
"A",
"A",
"A",
"A"
] |
3061_mmlu_biology | Question: All of the following environmental conditions increase the rate of transpiration from plants EXCEPT
A. high temperature
B. high relative humidity
C. low relative humidity
D. wind | B | [
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[
"All of the following environmental conditions can increase the rate of transpiration from plants:",
"- High temperature (A) leads to increased evaporation.\n- Low relative humidity (C) means air has more capacity to absorb moisture.\n- Wind (D) increases air movement, which helps to draw water from the l... | [
"B",
"B",
"C",
"B",
"B",
"B",
"B",
"B",
"B",
"B",
"B",
"B",
"C",
"B",
"C",
"B"
] |
3415_mmlu_biology | Question: All of the algae have the green pigment chlorophyll, yet the different phyla of algae show a great variety of colors. Explain.
A. Different algae phyla contain a variety of pigments, including accessory pigments, in varying concentrations resulting in different colors. These pigments absorb different light wa... | A | [
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] | [
[
"Algae use pigments in photosynthesis to absorb different wavelengths of light. Chlorophyll a and b are the primary pigments, but other accessory pigments like carotenoids also help in capturing light energy and protecting the plant from damage.",
"Different algae phyla have varying amounts of different p... | [
"A",
"A",
"A",
"A",
"A",
"A",
"A",
"A",
"A",
"A",
"A",
"A",
"A",
"A",
"A",
"A"
] |
3022_mmlu_biology | Question: What characteristics of arthropods have been of primary importance in their evolutionary success?
A. Development of a chitinous exoskeleton, well-developed organ systems and complex organization of the nervous tissues.
B. Adoption of aquatic respiration across all species
C. Development of a large number of n... | A | [
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] | [
[
"The characteristics that have been of primary importance in the evolutionary success of arthropods include:",
"A. The development of a chitinous exoskeleton, well-developed organ systems and complex organization of the nervous tissues.",
"Chitin is a tough biopolymer that provides protection from pre... | [
"A",
"A",
"A",
"A",
"A",
"A",
"A",
"C",
"A",
"A",
"A",
"A",
"A",
"A",
"A",
"A"
] |
3277_mmlu_biology | Question: Describe the sequence of succession leading to a climax communityfrom a bare rock surface.
A. The sequence starts with ferns, followed by lichens, then grasses and finally shrubs and trees.
B. The sequence begins with aquatic plants, followed by mosses, then lichens, and finally terrestrial trees and shrubs.
... | C | [
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[
"Succession is the process by which a biological community evolves over time.",
"If a community starts from a bare rock surface, the first organisms to colonize will be the ones that can survive extreme conditions, which are often lichens or mosses that can tolerate desiccation and harsh conditions.",
... | [
"C",
"C",
"C",
"C",
"C",
"C",
"C",
"C",
"C",
"C",
"C",
"C",
"C",
"C",
"C",
"A"
] |
3220_mmlu_biology | Question: Keystone species are thought to have profound effects on the structure and composition of ecological communities because they
A. are more abundant than most other species in their communities
B. tend to reduce diversity by eliminating food resources for other species
C. are the largest species in their commun... | I | [
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] | [
[
"Let's think about the concept of keystone species.",
"A keystone species is a species that has a disproportionately large effect on its environment compared to its abundance.",
"Keystone species typically control the populations of other species, often preventing a dominant competitor from outcompeti... | [
"I",
"I",
"I",
"I",
"I",
"I",
"I",
"G",
"I",
"H",
"I",
"I",
"I",
"I",
"G"
] |
2825_mmlu_biology | Question: The frequency of the gene for sickle-cell anemia in African-Americans is less than that found in the people living in their ancestral home in Africa. What factors might account for this difference?
A. Sickle-cell disease is more deadly in America
B. Sickle-cell disease has been completely eradicated in Americ... | G | [
0,
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4,
5,
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7,
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9,
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11,
12,
13,
14,
15
] | [
[
"Sickle-cell anemia is a recessive trait resulting from two copies of a mutated gene.",
"The trait is advantageous in areas where malaria is prevalent, as individuals with one copy of the gene have increased resistance to malaria.",
"If the frequency of malaria is high, it can increase the frequency o... | [
"G",
"G",
"G",
"G",
"G",
"G",
"G",
"G",
"G",
"A",
"G",
"J",
"G",
"E",
"G"
] |
3052_mmlu_biology | Question: Which of the following are traits that are affected by more than one gene?
A. Heterozygous traits
B. Mendelian traits
C. Multiple alleles traits
D. Polygenic traits
E. Pleiotropic traits
F. Sex-linked traits
G. Incomplete dominance traits
H. Autosomal traits
I. Codominant traits
J. Blended alleles | D | [
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[
"Traits that are affected by more than one gene are known as polygenic traits and are the opposite of Mendelian traits which are controlled by a single gene.",
"A polygenic trait is characteristic of many complex traits, such as height, skin color, and eye color.",
"Pleiotropic traits are caused by a ... | [
"D",
"D",
"D",
"D",
"D",
"D",
"D",
"D",
"D",
"D",
"D",
"D",
"D",
"D",
"D",
"D"
] |
3349_mmlu_biology | Question: A homozygous tall pea plant was crossed with a homozygous dwarf pea plant. The gene for tall is dominant to its allele for dwarf. What will be the expected phenotypic and genotypic results in the F_1 and F_2 generations?
A. F_1 Generation: Genotypic results - (3/4) DD, (1/4) Dd, Phenotypic results - All tall.... | C | [
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] | [
[
"A tall pea plant has the genotype DD and a dwarf has the genotype dd.",
"When cross-breeding a homozygous tall plant (DD) with a homozygous dwarf plant (dd), the F_1 generation will be Dd.",
"Checking for dominance, all F_1 plants will be tall.",
"For the F_2 generation, each parent will produce ... | [
"C",
"J",
"A",
"C",
"A",
"A",
"C",
"A",
"A",
"C",
"C",
"A",
"C",
"C",
"C",
"A"
] |
3312_mmlu_biology | Question: Describe the various land biomes that are usually encounteredby a traveler going from the equator to the arcticpolar ice cap.
A. The land biomes include savannas, temperate grasslands, and polar ice caps without intermediate biomes.
B. The land biomes include chaparral, wetlands, temperate rainforests, and ta... | E | [
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] | [
[
"To understand the correct answer, we can think through the order of biomes encountered from the equator to the Arctic Polar Ice Cap:\n1. Starting from the equator, the first major biome is tropical rainforest.\n2. Moving north, the next biomes encountered are tropical grasslands and savannas.\n3. In temperat... | [
"D",
"E",
"E",
"C",
"J",
"D",
"B",
"C",
"D",
"E",
"E",
"C",
"E",
"C",
"E",
"D"
] |
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