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Recent studies in design research and science and technology studies (STS) have investigated how speculative thinking might be applied in empirical contexts. A unifying feature of speculative approaches has been an interest in futures as mediated, shaped and conditioned by science and technology. Yet concrete methodolo...
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To empower online grocery shoppers in making nutritionally and environmentally informed decisions, we investigate the efficacy of the Scale-Score, a label combining nutritional and environmental information to highlight a product's benefit to both the consumer's and the planet's health, without obscuring either informa...
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Abstract Smartness is generating several new contentions in terms of pragmatic aesthetics and interaction design, stimulating a debate on how design and advanced technologies can impact on reshaping human lives and behaviors. Many issues are currently arising not just in relation to the appearance of smart objects or s...
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The arguments about skeuomorph versus flat design have so far been based on comparatively little evidence and were largely dominated by strong opinions voiced in informal online media. This paper presents an a/b-study to assess the strengths and weaknesses of these design approaches with the distinct user groups applyi...
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Māori people (the Indigenous people of New Zealand) possess deep spiritual connections to the environment, landscape and seascape which can be markers of one’s identity and acknowledging where their ancestors came from and thus, where they come from. Traditionally, ones whakapapa (genealogy), language and knowledge wer...
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The inner representation of deep neural networks (DNNs) is indecipherable, which makes it difficult to tune DNN models, control their training process, and interpret their outputs. In this paper, we propose a novel approach to investigate the inner representation of DNNs through topological data analysis (TDA). Persist...
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Among subgraphs with a fixed number of vertices of the regular square lattice, we prove inequalities that essentially say that those with smaller boundaries have larger numbers of spanning trees and vice-versa. As an application, we relate two commonly used measurements of the compactness of district maps.
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Topological analysis is widely adopted in various research fields to unveil intricate features and structural relationships implied in geometrical objects. Especially, in the fields of data analysis, exploring the topological properties of various images offers rich insights into the intrinsic geometrical information w...
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We study behavioral metrics in an abstract coalgebraic setting. Given a coalgebra alpha: X -> FX in Set, where the functor F specifies the branching type, we define a framework for deriving pseudometrics on X which measure the behavioral distance of states. A first crucial step is the lifting of the functor F on Set t...
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Methods used in topological data analysis naturally capture higher-order interactions in point cloud data embedded in a metric space. This methodology was recently extended to data living in an information space, by which we mean a space measured with an information theoretical distance. One such setting is a finite co...
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Let H be a nontrivial subgroup of index d of a free group G and N be the normal closure of H in G. The coset organization in a subgroup H of G provides a group P of permutation gates whose common eigenstates are either stabilizer states of the Pauli group or magic states for universal quantum computing. A subset of mag...
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In most applications of nanoporous materials the pore structure is as important as the chemical composition as a determinant of performance. For example, one can alter performance in applications like carbon capture or methane storage by orders of magnitude by only modifying the pore structure. For these applications i...
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We propose a layered hierarchical architecture called UCLA (Universal Causality Layered Architecture), which combines multiple levels of categorical abstraction for causal inference. At the top-most level, causal interventions are modeled combinatorially using a simplicial category of ordinal numbers. At the second lay...
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The combinatorial interpretation of the persistence diagram as a M\"obius inversion was recently shown to be functorial. We employ this discovery to recast the Persistent Homology Transform of a geometric complex as a representation of a cellulation on $\mathbb{S}^n$ to the category of combinatorial persistence diagram...
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We study nonequilibrium dynamics of SU(2) lattice gauge theory in Minkowski space-time in a classical-statistical regime, where characteristic gluon occupancies are much larger than unity. In this strongly correlated system far from equilibrium, the correlations of energy and topological densities show self-similar beh...
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Generalizing the decomposition of a connected planar graph into a tree and a dual tree, we prove a combinatorial analog of the classic Helmholtz–Hodge decomposition of a smooth vector field. Specifically, we show that for every polyhedral complex, K, and every dimension, p, there is a partition of the set of p-cells in...
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In addition to the exhibition, collection, research, and educational functions of the museum, the development of a future museum includes the trend of leisure and sightseeing. Although the museum is a non-profit organization, if it can provide digital exhibits and collections under the premises of “intellectual propert...
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With the development of telecommunication systems and customized monitoring devices, telehealth has been widely used to improve medical quality and reduce overall health costs. However, the convenience of connection between the providers and patients through a public channel also leads to significant security and priva...
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This paper examines the response of major cryptocurrencies to macroeconomic news announcements (MNA). While other cryptocurrencies exhibit no reaction to major MNA, Bitcoin responds negatively to inflation surprise. Price of Bitcoin decreases by 24 bps in response to a 1 standard deviation inflationary surprise. This rea...
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Through an in-depth understanding of house price prediction issues, the paper aims to establish a BP neural network model for house price prediction based on ideas and methods of the BP neural network. By the BP neural network method, the paper realizes sorting, statistics, and analysis of house prices in Chongqing f...
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This paper introduces and inherit the multi-level trusted system model that solves the Trojan virus by encrypting the privacy of user data, and achieve the principle: “not to read the high priority hierarchy, not to write the hierarchy with low priority”. Thus ensuring that the low-priority data privacy leak does not a...
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Blockchain is a distributed and decentralized ledger of transactions that are linked together cryptographically leading to immutability and tamper-resistance, thereby ensuring the integrity of data. Due to the ability of blockchain to guarantee the integrity of data, it has found wide-range adoption in electronic votin...
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In the Internet of Things (IoT) era, the surge in Machine-Type Devices (MTDs) has introduced Massive IoT (MIoT), opening new horizons in the world of connected devices. However, such proliferation presents challenges, especially in storing and analyzing massive, heterogeneous data streams in real time. In order to mana...
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The Move Prover (MVP) is a formal verifier for smart contracts written in the Move programming language. MVP has an expressive specification language, and is fast and reliable enough that it can be run routinely by developers and in integration testing in a few minutes. Besides the simplicity of smart contracts and the...
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Over the past decade the amount of transactions and reported frauds on Automated Teller Machines (ATM) has significantly increased. Various types of frauds have been reported around misusing ATM cards and many methods have been deployed to detect and prevent them. In some countries, banks sell ATMs to investors under p...
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Benchmarking blockchain systems is still a persistent issue. The Diablo benchmark suite allows strategically stressing and testing blockchain solutions thanks to parallel requests to their nodes network. Here, the efficiency of network infrastructure plays a paramount role. Kollaps, a research testbed, emulates network...
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This article focuses on the mining dilemma of block withholding attack between the mining pools in the bitcoin system. In order to obtain the higher revenue, the rational mining pool usually chooses an infiltration attack, that is, the pool will falls into the mining dilemma of the PoW consensus algorithm. Thus the art...
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We investigate Bitcoin network observing transactions broadcasted into the network during a week from 04/05/2016 and then monitoring their inclusion into the blockchain during the following seven months.We unveil that 42% of the transactions are still not included in the Blockchain after 1 h from their appearance and 2...
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Blockchain technology has the ability to disrupt almost every industry due to its ability to create a decentralized tamper-proof ledger network and carry out transactions without the need of a trusted third party intermediary. One of the major drawback of blockchain technology is the energy consumption surrounding its ...
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The main aim of the study is to analyze BTC mining’s efficiency under current market conditions (December 2021), including soaring energy prices produced from many different sources in different geographical locations. After a thorough analysis of initial assumptions concerning the (1) price of mining machine with asso...
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Blockchain technology is becoming increasingly popular because of its applications in various fields. It gives an edge over the traditional centralized methods as it provides decentralization, immutability, integrity, and anonymity. The most popular application of this technology is cryptocurrencies, which showed a mas...
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In recent years, wide deployment of automatic face recognition systems has been accompanied by substantial gains in algorithm performance. However, benchmarking tests designed to evaluate these systems do not account for the errors of human operators, who are often an integral part of face recognition solutions in fore...
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Multi-function swarms are swarms that solve multiple tasks at once. For example, a quadcopter swarm could be tasked with exploring an area of interest while simultaneously functioning as ad-hoc relays. With this type of multi-function comes the challenge of handling potentially conflicting requirements simultaneously. ...
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In this paper, we present a robust containment control design for multi Unmanned Aerial Vehicle Systems (UAVs) based on the Data Distribution Service (DDS) middleware and L 1 adaptive controller. The Data Distribution Service middleware, L 1 adaptive controller and graph theory technique are utilized for the navigation...
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Abstract The paper develops finite-time consensus control for multi-agent systems by considering disturbances and input saturation. A new adaptive-terminal sliding mode control is suggested to solve consensus control within a finite time. Two cases are solved in the paper. In the first case, it is assumed that disturba...
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Inspired by current challenges in data-intensive and energy-limited sensor networks, we formulate a coverage optimization problem for mobile sensors as a (constrained) repeated multiplayer game. Each sensor tries to optimize its own coverage while minimizing the processing/energy cost. The sensors are subject to the in...
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This paper deals with optimal consensus problems of a general heterogeneous nonlinear multi-agent system. A novel filter is proposed for each agent by integrating local gradients with neighboring output information. Using this filter and introducing an appropriate auxiliary variable, the event-triggered control algorit...
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Using distributed task allocation methods for cooperating multivehicle systems is becoming increasingly attractive. However, most effort is placed on various specific experimental work and little has been done to systematically analyze the problem of interest and the existing methods. In this paper, a general scenario ...
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As large language model (LLM) agents increasingly integrate into our infrastructure, their robust coordination and message synchronization become vital. The Byzantine Generals Problem (BGP) is a critical model for constructing resilient multi-agent systems (MAS) under adversarial attacks. It describes a scenario where ...
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Blockchain’s popularity has seen a historic rise over the last decade. However, existing blockchain systems have a major issue with scalability, which has become one of the main obstacles in technology’s adoption in mainstream. There have been several attempts to address this limitation by identifying Blockchain’s scal...
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Blockchain technology has emerged as a transformative tool for data management in a variety of industries, including fintech, research and healthcare. We have developed a workable blockchain based system that utilizes non fungible tokens NFTs to tokenize and prove ownership of the academic institutions credentials. Thi...
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A hard-fork reconfiguration of the peer to peer Bitcoin network is described that substitutes tamper-evident logs and proof-of-stake consensus for proof-of-work consensus. The block creation rewards and transaction fees are reallocated to establish and staff a secure financial data network capable of handling the world...
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Non Fungible Tokens (NFTs) are blockchain-based unique digital assets defining ownership deeds. They can characterize various different objects such as collectible, art, and in-game items. In general, NFTs are encoded by blockchains smart contracts, and they are traded via cryptocurrencies. Their price and investors at...
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Blockchain technology (BCT) has emerged as a game-changer for many industries since its inception in 2008. Its application in the energy industry as blockchain enabled interconnected smart microgrids (BSMG) is on the rise as it can execute energy trading, automate the market operations, manage the grid, and facilitate ...
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This paper adds to the growing literature of cryptocurrency and behavioral finance. Specifically, we investigate the relationships between the novel investor attention and financial characteristics of Bitcoin, i.e., return and realized volatility, which are the two most important characteristics of one certain asset. O...
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Background Academic literature highlights blockchain’s potential to transform health care, particularly by seamlessly and securely integrating existing data silos while enabling patients to exercise automated, fine-grained control over access to their electronic health records. However, no serious scholarly attempt has...
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This article explores the technology underpinning the decentralized data revolution and encourages Indigenous Peoples (IPs) to secure their Indigenous Data Sovereignty (IDSov) over the Metaverse and Web3. More specifically, this article will survey blockchain technologies, exploring some disturbing colonial uses and pr...
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The fifth-generation (5G) network has special communication and security requirements including high reliability, low latency, precise automatic control, secure covert transmission, and evidence traceability. The 5G network combined with blockchain technology just meets this demand, so it is driving a rapidly growing v...
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The development of biometric applications, such as facial recognition (FR), has recently become important in smart cities. Many scientists and engineers around the world have focused on establishing increasingly robust and accurate algorithms and methods for these types of systems and their applications in everyday lif...
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It is an interesting and challenging problem to synthesise vivid facial expression images. In this paper, we propose a facial expression synthesis system which imitates a reference facial expression image according to the difference between shape feature vectors of the neutral image and expression image. To improve the...
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In scalp skin examinations, it is difficult to find a previously treated region on a patient's scalp through images captured by a camera attached to a diagnostic device because the zoom lens on camera has a small field of view. Thus, doctors manually record the region on a chart or manually mark the region. However, th...
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Face re-identification from genomic data is harder than you think!
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The proposed sequential recurrent convolution network (SRCN) includes two parts: one convolution neural network (CNN) and a sequence of long short-term memory (LSTM) models. The CNN is to achieve the feature vector of face emotion or speech command. Then, a sequence of LSTM models with the shared weight reflects a sequ...
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In order to further improve the accuracy of age estimation, a locally adjusted age estimation algorithm based on deep learning and directed acyclic graph SVM is proposed. In the training phase, SE-ResNet-50 network pre-trained by the VGGFace2 dataset is first fine-tuned. Once the network converges, and the vector consi...
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In the field of virtual human generation, Neural Radiance Fields (NeRF) have made significant strides in precise geometric modeling and color accuracy, establishing new benchmarks for complex viewpoint synthesis and 3D reconstruction. Despite these advancements, existing methods face substantial limitations in real-tim...
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Recently, text-guided 3D generative methods have made remarkable advancements in producing high-quality textures and geometry, capitalizing on the proliferation of large vision-language and image diffusion models. However, existing methods still struggle to create high-fidelity 3D head avatars in two aspects: (1) They ...
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In unconstrained scenarios, face recognition and person re-identification are subject to distortions such as motion blur, atmospheric turbulence, or upsampling artifacts. To improve robustness in these scenarios, we propose a methodology called Distortion-Adaptive Learned Invariance for Identification (DaliID) models. ...
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Deep generative models have significantly advanced image generation, enabling generation of visually pleasing images with realistic texture. Apart from the texture, it is the shape geometry of objects that strongly dictates their appearance. However, currently available generative models do not incorporate geometric in...
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Facial age estimation is of interest due to its potential to be applied in many real-life situations. However, recent age estimation efforts do not consider juveniles. Consequently, we introduce a juvenile age detection scheme called LaGMO, which focuses on the juvenile aging cues of facial shape and appearance. LaGMO ...
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Avatar facial expression and animation in 3D collaborative virtual environment (CVE) systems are reconstructed through a complex manipulation of muscles, bones, and wrinkles in 3D space. The need for a fast and easy reconstruction approach has emerged in the recent years due to its application in various domains: 3D di...
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Human face image analysis is an active research area within computer vision. In this paper we propose a framework for face image analysis, addressing three challenging problems of race, age, and gender recognition through face parsing. We manually labeled face images for training an end-to-end face parsing model throug...
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Facial recognition receives heated discussion in recent years. Given the increasing demand for portable and easy-to-use face recognition programs, several coding libraries have been developed that includes the algorithm for identifying and classifying faces. One example of such libraries, the “face_recognition” library...
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In this paper, we consider the design problem of a robust consensus controller for discrete time-varying uncertain multiagent systems (DTVUMASs) with stochastic communication protocol (SCP) and missing measurements. The SCP is described by a set of random variables with a known probability to arrange signal transmissio...
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A team of non-holonomic constant-speed under-actuated unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) with lower-limited turning radii travel in 3D. The space hosts an unknown and unpredictably varying scalar environmental field. A space direction is given; this direction and the coordinate along it are conditionally termed as the “ve...
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In this paper, addressed is the control problem of generating a formation for a group of unmanned surface and underwater vehicles. The formation control scheme proposed in this work is based on a fusion of theleader-follower and virtual reference approaches. This scheme gives a formation constraint representation that ...
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In this paper, an optimal output consensus problem is studied for discrete-time linear multi-agent systems subject to external disturbances. Each agent is assigned with a local cost function which is known only to itself. Distributed protocols are to be designed to guarantee an output consensus for these high-order age...
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In this paper, we study the admissible consensus for descriptor multi-agent systems with exogenous disturbances that are generated by the linear systems. The interactive topology among agents is modeled by directed graphs. By using the graph theory, the generalized Riccatti equation, and by designing the exogenous dist...
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Metareasoning refers to reasoning about one’s own decision making process. This paper considers metareasoning about the decision making process in multi-agent settings. We present a multi-agent metareasoning approach that enables a multi-agent team to select which task allocation algorithm to use as a function of chang...
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In this work, we develop a reactive algorithm for autonomous exploration of indoor, unknown environments for multiple autonomous multi-rotor robots. The novelty of our approach rests on a two-level control architecture comprised of an Artificial-Harmonic Potential Field (AHPF) for navigation and a low-level tracking co...
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In this paper, we present a 3D formation control scheme for a group of torpedo-type underactuated autonomous underwater vehicles (AUVs). These multiple AUVs combined with an unmanned surface vessel (USV) construct a sort of star-topology acoustic communication network where the USV is at the center point. Due to this k...
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Formation control is one of the essential problems in multi-unmanned underwater vehicle (UUV) coordination. In this article, a practically oriented UUV formation control structure and method are proposed for the problem of large communication in leader–follower approach. To solve the problem of large communication in m...
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In this paper, we develop and analyze a gossip-based average consensus algorithm that enables all of the components of a distributed system, each with some initial value, to reach (approximate) average consensus on their initial values after executing a finite number of iterations, and without having to reveal to other...
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In this paper, the impulsive multiple-bipartite consensus problem is discussed for networked second-order multi-agent systems (MASs) over directed network topology with acyclic partition. The definition of the multiple-bipartite consensus is introduced into second-order MASs by effectively combining the characteristics...
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Control methods that guarantee stability in the presence of uncertainties are mandatory in space applications. Further, distributed control approaches are beneficial in terms of scalability and to achieve common goals, especially in multi-agent setups like formation control. This paper presents a combination of robust ...
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This paper addresses the problem of matching stereo images acquired by a stereo system mounted aboard an intelligent vehicle. The main idea behind the new method consists in involving temporal matching between a current stereo pair and its preceding one to achieve the spatial matching of the former stereo by involving ...
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Abstract. In this paper we propose a new approach for change detection and moving objects detection in videos with unstable, abrupt illumination changes. This approach is based on mutual comparative filters and background normalization. We give the definitions of mutual comparative filters and outline their strong adva...
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Novel View Synthesis (NVS), which tries to produce a realistic image at the target view given source view images and their corresponding poses, is a fundamental problem in 3D Vision. As this task is heavily under-constrained, some recent work, like Zerol23 [18], tries to solve this problem with generative modeling, spe...
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Abstract. In order to improve usability and safety, modern unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) are equipped with sensors to monitor the environment, such as laser-scanners and cameras. One important aspect in this monitoring process is to detect obstacles in the flight path in order to avoid collisions. Since a large numbe...
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Abstract. Motivated by the need to identify erroneous disparity assignments, various approaches for uncertainty and confidence estimation of dense stereo matching have been presented in recent years. As in many other fields, especially deep learning based methods have shown convincing results. However, most of these me...
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In many Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV) operations, accurately estimating the UAV’s position and orientation over time is crucial for controlling its trajectory. This is especially important when considering the landing maneuver, where a ground-based camera system can estimate the UAV’s 3D position and orientation. A Red...
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Accurately reconstructing a radial refractive index (n) field is challenging in axisymmetric background oriented Schlieren (BOS) measurement. In this study, we systematically investigated several widely adopted inversion algorithms in BOS applications. To quantitatively assess the performance of each algorithm, a synth...
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Depth estimation is a crucial component in many 3D vision applications. Monocular depth estimation is gaining increasing interest due to flexible use and extremely low system requirements, but inherently ill-posed and ambiguous characteristics still cause unsatisfactory estimation results. This paper proposes a new dee...
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In this paper, we present a novel recurrent multi-view stereo network based on long short-term memory (LSTM) with adaptive aggregation, namely AA-RMVSNet. We firstly introduce an intra-view aggregation module to adaptively extract image features by using context-aware convolution and multi-scale aggregation, which effi...
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The topological analysis of four-dimensional (4D) image-type data is challenged by the immense size that these datasets can reach. This can render the direct application of methods, like persistent homology and convolutional neural networks (CNNs), impractical due to computational constraints. This study aims to estima...
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The surfaces of real objects can visually appear to be glossy, matte, or anywhere in between, but essentially, they display varying degrees of diffuse and specular reflectance. Diffuse and specular reflectance provides different clues for light estimation. However, few methods simultaneously consider the contributions ...
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Omnidirectional imaging technology has been widely used for scene archiving. It has been a crucial technology in many fields including computer vision, image analysis and virtual reality. It should be noted that the dynamic range of luminance values in a natural scene is quite large, and the scenes containing various o...
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Deep learning based 3D stereo networks give superior performance compared to 2D networks and conventional stereo methods. However, this improvement in the performance comes at the cost of increased computational complexity, thus making these networks non-practical for the real-world applications. Specifically, these ne...
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In this article we present a new variant of the light field representation that supports improved image reconstruction by accommodating sparse correspondence information. This places our representation somewhere between a pure, two-plane parameterized, light field and a lumigraph representation, with its continuous geo...
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This paper studies the problem of safe and optimal continuum deformation of a large-scale multi-agent system (MAS). We present a novel approach for MAS continuum deformation coordination that aims to achieve safe and efficient agent movement using a leader-follower multi-layer hierarchical optimization framework with a...
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The intelligent wireless sensor network is a distributed network system with high “network awareness”. Each intelligent node (agent) is connected by the topology within the neighborhood which not only can perceive the surrounding environment, but can adjusts its own behavior according to its local perception informatio...
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In this paper, first the full dynamics of aerial transportation of a rigid body with arbitrary number of quadrotors is derived. Then a control strategy is proposed to convey the nonuniform rigid body appropriately to the desired trajectory. In the dynamical model of this transportation system, not only the load is cons...
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This paper describes the organization of movement of unmanned aerial vehicles in a swarm based on modification of the potential field method. Collision prevention is carried out by the potential field method, and relatively uniform distribution of agents in the free space is provided by the control system component, wh...
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This paper is concerned with the decentralized control problem of networked high-order nonlinear systems that can be transformed into strict feedback forms with parameter uncertainties and unknown control directions under a directed communication graph. A decentralized controller is designed recursively for each agent ...
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Gossip algorithms are message-passing schemes designed to compute averages and other global functions over networks through asynchronous and randomised pairwise interactions. Gossip-based protocols have drawn much attention for achieving robust and fault-tolerant communication while maintaining simplicity and scalabili...
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In this paper, relations between distributed consensus-based optimization and a network resource allocation problem are considered. It is shown that first-order gradient algorithm for distributed consensus-based optimization can be used for finding an optimal solution of distributed resource allocation with synchronous...
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Multi-Agent Systems, a division of Intelligent Systems diversely applied in multiple disciplines. Desired for their efficiency in solving complex problems at a low cost. However, identified vulnerabilities include system security, integrity, and identity management. Blockchain Technologies was chosen for analysis in pr...
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Simple closed-form upper and lower bounds are developed for the security of the Nakamoto consensus as a function of the confirmation depth, the honest and adversarial block mining rates, and an upper bound on the block propagation delay. The bounds are exponential in the confirmation depth and apply regardless of the a...
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Abstract This study compared the accuracy of facial landmark measurements using deep learning‐based fiducial marker (FM) and arbitrary width reference (AWR) approaches. It quantitatively analysed mandibular hard and soft tissue lateral excursions and head tilting from consumer camera footage of 37 participants. A custo...
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There are many different sensors such as gyroscope sensor, accelerometer sensor, and light sensor for smart devices. These sensors are applied in many fields such as health and medicine, education, augmented reality, and arts. This study aimed to create user-friendly artistic sensibility related to images in the sensit...
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Research on facial recognition has recently been flourishing, which has led to the introduction of many robust methods. However, since the worldwide outbreak of COVID-19, people have had to regularly wear facial masks, thus making existing face recognition methods less reliable. Although normal face recognition methods...
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