Company: ZDAN
Filing Date: 2025-07-28
Form Type: F-1/A
Source: 0001683168-25-005450
Chunk: 172

Company: Zerolimit Technology Holding Co. Ltd.
Filing Date: 2025-07-28
Form: F-1/A
Chunk 172
---
 The origin of distributed technology can be traced back to the 1970s, when the first prototype
of a distributed database was developed in the United States. Over the next few decades, technologies such as remote procedure call,
distributed objects, distributed file systems, and blockchain have appeared, propelling rapid development in this field.

Decentralized distributed technology involves
multiple fields within information science, including distributed computing, distributed storage, distributed databases, and distributed
message queues. In decentralized distributed systems, there is no single central node. All nodes are equal and use protocols and algorithms
for communication and coordination. Since they are not dependent on a single central node, decentralized distributed systems typically
demonstrate enhanced reliability and security. However, they also face challenges such as performance bottlenecks and data consistency.

Description of the Industry Chain

<div align='center'>Decentralized Distributed Technology Industry
Mapping</div>

| 102 |

| 1. | Upstream: underlying                    
 technology and infrastructure providers |

The upstream of the industrial chain primarily
includes the underlying technology and infrastructure providers of decentralized distributed technology. The fundamental technology of
decentralized distributed technology comprises distributed databases, consensus mechanisms, cryptographic technology, and smart contracts.

A distributed database is a technology in which
databases are shared, replicated, and synchronized among network members. This technology records all transactions and data changes between
network participants, ensuring data security and reliability.

A consensus mechanism is an algorithm ensuring
all nodes agree on transactions and data changes via a voting mechanism. This mechanism aims to guarantee that the results obtained are
consistent and valid. Common consensus mechanisms include Proof of Work (“PoW”), Proof of Stake (“PoS”), and
Proof of History (“PoH”).

Cryptographic technology is a critical foundation
for ensuring data security, and decentralized distributed technology employs various encryption algorithms, with the most common being
the hash algorithm.

Smart contracts are computer protocols aimed at
disseminating, verifying, or executing contracts digitally, allowing for trustworthy transactions without a third party. These transactions
are trackable and irreversible.

The underlying technology providers of decentralized
distributed technology primarily include international providers such as Near Protocol, Dfinity, and Chainlink, as well as domestic providers
such as Qulian Technology, Tencent Blockchain, AntChain, and Zhenglian, our Company.

The basic equipment of decentralized distributed
technology primarily refers to various nodes and the networks they constitute. Nodes are computers or servers operating within the distributed
network, used to store and process data and transactions on the