Company: TGE
Filing Date: 2025-04-11
Form Type: F-4
Source: 0001213900-25-031177
Chunk: 326

Company: Generation Essentials Group
Filing Date: 2025-04-11
Form: F-4
Chunk 326
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 must bring a claim in federal court. The U.S. Court of Appeals for the Federal Circuit has exclusive authority to review USPTO patent decisions as well as lower court patent infringement decisions. A party seeking further review may petition the U.S. Supreme Court to review the decisions of the U.S. Court of Appeals for the Federal Circuit. The U.S. Supreme Court has discretion over whether to hear such cases. 202 Trademarks include brand names, symbols, slogans, packaging and other designs that are used by an entity to identify and distinguish its goods or services in a particular marketplace. Trademarks are regulated in a similar manner as patents by the same government entities, with two key differences. First, trademark rights do not require registration; rather, a party establishes trademark rights through commercial use of the mark. However, trademark registration can strengthen protections. Second, trademarks are also protected and regulated at the state level, which means that state enforcers also oversee trademark protections, and that trademark disputes can be litigated in both state and federal court. Copyrights protect original works of intellectual and artistic expression and cover a wide variety of content, including magazines and movies. Copyrights are regulated exclusively at the federal level under a regime separate from the one that applies to patent and trademark protection. An author automatically obtains a copyright over work as soon as it is committed to a medium, including paper, film or electronic memory. The U.S. Copyright Office oversees copyright protections and provides legal and regulatory guidance to authors. It also allows authors to register copyrighted material, which is in turn recorded and stored in the Library of Congress. Although registration is not necessary to obtain copyright protection, it is generally a prerequisite for a copyright holder to seek enforcement in court. Federal courts adjudicate most copyright disputes, while the Copyright Claims Board has authority to resolve certain smaller and more limited disputes. The Digital Millennium Copyright Act also plays an important role in copyright protection. This act protects online service providers from copyright liability arising from user activities; for example, the Act applies when a user uses an online service provider to distribute copyrighted works, such as a movie or periodical, without proper authorization or permission. The Digital Millennium Copyright Act establishes a self -regulatoryprocess for copyright enforcement in which an online service provider must participate in order to qualify for protections from liability. Through this process, copyright holders can submit complaints and takedown notices directly to an online service provider for an alleged violation by a user using the service. The online service provider must then take action to comply with the complaint and remove the allegedly