Company: JUNS
Filing Date: 2025-11-26
Form Type: S-1
Source: 0001493152-25-025204
Chunk: 275

Company: JUPITER NEUROSCIENCES, INC.
Filing Date: 2025-11-26
Form: S-1
Chunk 275
---
 likely than not that some, or all, of the deferred tax assets will not be realized. The effect on deferred tax assets and liabilities of a change in tax rates is recognized in the period that such tax rate changes are enacted. As of September 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024, the Company concluded that a full valuation allowance is necessary for the net deferred tax assets.

Earnings Per Share of Common Stock

Basic earnings per share (“EPS”) is computed by dividing net loss applicable to common stockholders by the weighted average number of shares of common stock outstanding during each period. Diluted earnings per share includes the effect, if any, from the potential exercise or conversion of securities, which would result in the issuance of incremental shares of common stock, using the treasury stock method, unless the effect would be anti-dilutive.

The following table summarizes outstanding instruments at September 30, 2025 excluded from the computation of diluted EPS as to do so would have been antidilutive:

Schedule of Computation of Diluted Net Loss Per Share

| Common        
 stock options |     | 11,726,093 |

Stock-Based Compensation

The grant date fair value of stock-based awards issued to employees, non-employees and members of the board of directors, determined using the Black-Scholes option pricing model and ratably expensed over the requisite service period, which is generally the vesting term of the award. The use of the Black-Scholes option pricing model requires management to make assumptions with respect to the expected term of the option, the expected volatility of the common stock, risk-free interest rates and future dividend yields.

| F-31 |

JUPITER NEUROSCIENCES, INC.

NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

Note 2 – Significant Accounting Policies, continued

Clinical Trial Expenses

When applicable in preparing financial statements, the Company estimates clinical trial-related expenses based on contracts with vendors, clinical sites, and consultants. Because payment timing often differs from service delivery, the Company records expenses according to actual service performance and trial progression, using discussions with internal staff and external providers. Estimates are periodically adjusted as actual results become known. Accurate accruals depend on timely reporting from third-party vendors, and differences between estimated and actual expenses, though not expected to be significant, may occur.

Fair Value of Financial Instruments and Fair Value Measurements

The Company measures and presents financial instruments at estimated Fair Value. Fair Value is defined as the price that would be