Company: EUDAW
Filing Date: 2025-04-29
Form Type: 20-F
Source: 0001641172-25-006627
Chunk: 131

Company: EUDA Health Holdings Ltd
Filing Date: 2025-04-29
Form: 20-F
Item: Item 19
Chunk 131
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ARIES

NOTES
TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

(In
U. S. dollars, unless stated otherwise)

Advertising
costs

Advertising
is mainly through online and offline promotion activities. Advertising costs amounted to $ 77,580 455,260 855,863

Defined
contribution plan

The
full-time employees of the Company are entitled to the government mandated defined contribution plan. The Company is required to accrue
and pay for these benefits based on certain percentages of the employees’ respective salaries, subject to certain ceilings, in
accordance with the relevant government regulations, and make cash contributions to the government mandated defined contribution plan.
Total expenses for the plans were $ 351,517 316,971 340,756

The
related contribution plans include:

Singapore
subsidiaries

-
Central Provident Fund (“ CPF”) - 17.00% based on employee’s monthly salary for employees aged 55 and below, reduces
progressively to 7.5% as age increase

-
Skill Development Levy (“ SDL”) - up to 0.25% based on employee’s monthly salary capped approximately $8.3 (SGD
11.25) for each employee.

Malaysia
subsidiaries

-
Social Security Organization (“ SOSCO”) - 1.75% based on employee’s monthly salary capped of RM 4,000

-Employees
Provident Fund (“ EPF”) - 12% based on employee’s monthly salary

-Employment
Insurance System (“ EIS”) - 0.2% based on employee’s monthly salary capped of RM 4,000

Goods
and services taxes (“ GST”)

Revenue
represents the invoiced value of service, net GST. The GST are based on gross sales price. GST rate is generally 9 8 7%
for the years ended December 31, 2024, 2023 and 2022, respectively, in Singapore. In Malaysia, the Service Tax rate was 6%
for the years ended December 31, 2023 and 2022, and increased to 8%
effective March 1, 2024 for most taxable services. Entities that are GST general taxpayers are allowed to offset qualified input GST
paid to suppliers against their output GST liabilities. Net GST balance between input GST and output GST is recorded in tax payable.

Income
taxes

The
Company accounts for income taxes in accordance with U. S. GAAP