Company: APM
Filing Date: 2025-12-05
Form Type: 424B5
Source: 0001213900-25-118752
Chunk: 80

Company: Aptorum Group Ltd
Filing Date: 2025-12-05
Form: 424B5
Chunk 80
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 invention where the other party can show that they used
the invention in commerce before our filing date or the other party benefits from a compulsory license. In addition, we may be subject
to other challenges regarding our exclusive ownership of our IP. If another party were successful in challenging our exclusive ownership
of any of our IP, we may lose our right to use such IP, such other party may be able to license such IP to other parties, including our
competitors, and our competitors could market competing products and technology. Any of the foregoing could have a material adverse effect
on our competitive position, business, financial conditions, results of operations, and prospects.

Many companies have encountered
significant problems in protecting and defending IP rights in jurisdictions outside Major Patent Jurisdictions. The legal systems of some
countries do not favor the enforcement of patents, trade secrets and other IP, which could make it difficult in those jurisdictions for
us to stop the infringement or misappropriation of our patents or other IP rights, or the marketing of competing drugs in violation of
our proprietary rights generally.

To date, we have not sought
to enforce any issued patents in any jurisdictions. Proceedings to enforce our patent and other IP rights in any jurisdictions could result
in substantial costs and divert our efforts and attention from other aspects of our business.

Furthermore, such proceedings
could put our patents at risk of being invalidated, held unenforceable, or interpreted narrowly, could put our patent applications at
risk of not issuing, and could provoke other parties to assert claims of infringement or misappropriation against us. We may not prevail
in any lawsuits that we initiate in jurisdictions where opposition proceedings are available and the damages or other remedies awarded,
if any, may not be commercially meaningful. The requirements for patentability may differ in certain countries, particularly developing
countries. Certain countries in Europe, the PRC, and developing countries including India, have compulsory licensing laws under which
a patent owner may be compelled to grant licenses to other parties. In those countries, we and our licensors may have limited remedies
if patents are infringed or if we or our licensors are compelled to grant a license to another party, which could materially diminish
the value of those patents. This could limit our potential revenue opportunities. Accordingly, our efforts to enforce our IP rights around
the world may be inadequate to obtain a significant commercial advantage from the IP that we develop.

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We may become involved in lawsuits to protect or enforce our IP, which could