Company: SHPH
Filing Date: 2025-02-26
Form Type: 10-K
Source: 0001493152-25-008300
Chunk: 10

Company: Shuttle Pharmaceuticals Holdings, Inc.
Filing Date: 2025-02-26
Form: 10-K
Item: Item 1
Chunk 10
---
 Supply Keep Pace With Demand?” Benjamin D. Smith, Bruce G. Haffty, Lynn D. Wilson,
Grace L. Smith, Akshar N. Patel, and Thomas A. Buchholz Journal of Clinical Oncology 2010 28:35, 5160-5165).

The
American Society of Clinical Oncology (ASCO) estimates more than 80% of cancers in the U.S. occur in people in the age group of 50 and
above with over 60% of cancers occurring in those 65 and over. (See, 2018 Clinical Cancer Advances Report, American College of
Clinical Oncology, 2018). For example, according to the American Cancer Society (ACS), more than 90% of colorectal cancer patients are
individuals aged 50 years and older, with approximately 40% of all cases occurring in patients aged 75 years and over. The Colon Cancer
Alliance estimates that 90% of new cases and 95% of deaths from colorectal cancers occur in people aged 50 or older. Also, the U.S. Census
estimates that the age group of 65-84 will grow by 23% within the next five years, indicating a likely increase in the overall number
of cancer patients in the U.S.

9

ROPIDOXURIDINE

The
halogenated thymidine (TdR) analogs, bromodeoxyuridine (BUdR) and iododeoxyuridine (IUdR), are a class of pyrimidine analogs that have
been recognized as potent radiosensitizing agents since the early 1960s. (See Kinsella TJ. An Approach to the Radiosensitization
of Human Tumors. Cancer J Sci Am. Jul-Aug 1996:2(4); 184-193). Their cellular uptake and metabolism are dependent on the TdR salvage
pathway where they are initially phosphorylated to the monophosphate derivative by the rate-limiting enzyme, thymidine kinase (TK). (See
Shewach DS, Lawrence TS. Antimetabolite radiosensitizers. J Clin Oncol, Sep 10 2007; 25(26):4043-4050). After sequential phosphorylation
to triphosphates, they are then used in DNA replication, in competition with deoxythymidine triphosphate (dTTP), by DNA polymerase. DNA