Company: APM
Filing Date: 2025-10-14
Form Type: 424B5
Source: 0001213900-25-098635
Chunk: 12

Company: Aptorum Group Ltd
Filing Date: 2025-10-14
Form: 424B5
Chunk 12
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 work for proof-of-concept.                         |

| ● | Product Optimization: The practice of making changes   
 or adjustments to a product to make it more desirable. |

| ● | Clinical Validation: Confirming the performance of 
 a technology using clinical/patient samples.       |

| ● | Pre-commercialization preparation: The logistics that 
 need to be accomplished before commercialization.     |

| ● | Formulation: Preparation of a marketed dosage form 
 from active ingredients and excipients/additives.  |

| ● | Commercialization: The process of introducing a new                             
 product or production method into commerce — making it available on the market. |

<div align='center'>S-4</div>

ALS-4: Small molecule for the treatment of bacterial infections caused by Staphylococcus aureus including but not limited to Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (“MRSA”)

Just as certain strains of
viruses, such as human immunodeficiency virus (“HIV”) and influenza have developed resistance to drugs developed to treat
them, certain bacteria such as Staphylococcus aureus, Mycobacterium tuberculosisand Pseudomonas aeruginosahave
become “superbugs”, having developed resistance to many, if not all, of the existing drugs available to treat them, rendering
those treatments ineffective in many instances. MRSA is one such bacterium, a gram-positive bacterium that is genetically different from
other strains of Staphylococcus aureus. Staphylococcus aureus and MRSA can cause a variety of problems ranging from skin infections and
sepsis to pneumonia and bloodstream infections. It is estimated that about one out of every three people (33%) carry Staphylococcus aureus
in their nose, usually without any illness; about two in a hundred (2%) carry MRSA (source: https://www.cdc.gov/mrsa/tracking/index.html).
Both adults and children may carry MRSA.

Most MRSA infections occur
in people who have been in hospital or other health care settings, such as nursing homes and dialysis centers (source: https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/mrsa/symptoms-causes/syc-20375336),
which is known as Healthcare-Associated MRSA (“HA-MRSA”). HA-MRSA infections are typically associated with invasive procedures
or devices, such as surgeries, intravenous tubing, or artificial joints. Another type of MRSA infection,