Company: APM
Filing Date: 2025-10-06
Form Type: S-4
Source: 0001213900-25-096656
Chunk: 344

Company: Aptorum Group Ltd
Filing Date: 2025-10-06
Form: S-4
Chunk 344
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 of DiamiR. The Share Exchange is recognized as a combination of entities under common control as both DiamiR, LLC and DiamiR has been controlled before and after the transaction by the same shareholders. As such, the financial statements and financial information contained in this filing for prior years has been retrospectively adjusted as if the Share Exchange had occurred at the beginning of the earliest period presented. Below is the chart showing DiamiR’s corporate structure: 192 DiamiR’s Strategy DiamiR’s objective is to improve care for patients with NDs and other diseases by developing and commercializing innovative cost -effectiveblood -basedtests for early detection and monitoring of pathology. To achieve this objective, DiamiR’s strategy is to: Identify and validate blood -based miRNA biomarker signatures of different pathologies.DiamiR selects candidate biomarkers among organ -enrichedmiRNAs detectable in blood. DiamiR has assembled a proprietary database that incorporates publicly available and proprietary data on a large number of miRNAs; DiamiR keeps this database up -to-dateas new information becomes available. •DiamiR uses a highly sensitive method for miRNA qualification, quantitative real -timepolymerase chain reaction (“RT -qPCR”), to measure plasma levels of candidate miRNA biomarkers. Quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction, also called RT -qPCR, is used to detect and quantify levels of miRNA. Extracted miRNA is first transcribed into complementary DNA (cDNA). The cDNA is then used as the template for the quantitative PCR or real -timePCR reaction (qPCR). In qPCR, the amount of amplification product is measured in each PCR cycle using fluorescent probe: miRNAs are detected and quantified by a SYBR ®Green -baseddye. The reaction contains a miRNA -specificprimer and a primer that recognizes the universal tag sequence. mRNAs are quantified by SYBR Green- based real -timePCR using target -specificprimers designed to detect targeted miRNAs in DiamiR’s panel. •DiamiR currently employs “biomarker pair” approach to adjust for effects not related to the disease, typically by measuring a miRNA from the region of an organ where the disease processes are most profound and comparing it to a miRNA from a part of the organ that is thought to be relatively stable throughout the disease. Thus, DiamiR normalizes for differences in miRNA transport to the blood, stability of miRNA,