Company: ADPT
Filing Date: 2025-03-03
Form Type: 10-K
Source: 0000950170-25-030913
Chunk: 11

Company: Adaptive Biotechnologies Corp
Filing Date: 2025-03-03
Form: 10-K
Item: Item 1
Chunk 11
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 because of the highly specialized properties of the immune response, as summarized in the table below: 

In order to fully leverage the natural properties of the immune system to develop clinical products, the enormous diversity and scale of the adaptive immune system must be taken into consideration, including the ability to accurately and reliably measure the relative frequency of each disease-specific T cell or B cell in the blood. For example, cancer-specific TCRs circulating in the blood of a cancer patient are only present at 1 out of 100,000 cells. Auto-reactive T cells specific to any given autoimmune disorder circulating in the blood are only present at 1 out of 1,000,000 cells. Accordingly, the ability to detect disease-specific T cells requires a technology that can quantitatively probe a minimum of hundreds of thousands to millions of blood cells from each sample. Our technology was built and validated to address this need.

We have developed a combination of technologies to perform the following key functions that broaden our understanding of immune-mediated biology:

•Sequencing. Our proprietary NGS-based immunosequencing methods provide sequences for single chains of “Y-shaped” TCRs or BCRs, which enables understanding of the quantity and diversity of T cells and B cells in a biological sample. In the context of hematologic malignancies, where B cells and T cells are the cancer cells, our platform technology allows us to identify and quantify residual disease burden (MRD) by sequencing BCR and TCR rearrangements within those cells with a high degree of sensitivity and precision. Our sequencing capabilities, together with our massive clinical immunomics database of immune receptor sequences, provide deep insights into individual and collective immune responses at a scale that is thousands of times greater than was previously possible.

•Antigen Identification. We have developed powerful approaches to identify disease-related antigens which trigger a T-cell response, even at levels of one T-cell in a million (as may occur in autoimmune disorders).

oHuman leukocyte antigen (“HLA”)-presented disease specific antigens. By applying proprietary screening methods, we can identify TCRs which cluster around a presumably identical HLA-presented antigen and identify that antigen by a process we call “de-orphanization”. Our massive database of TCRs and healthy control samples enables us to rapidly confirm whether such antigens are disease-specific, even if the antigen or its relationship to the disease was previously unknown.

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oAntigen-TCR mapping. MIRA (Multiplexed Identification of TCR Antigen Specificity