Company: HURA
Filing Date: 2025-02-07
Form Type: S-4
Source: 0001193125-25-022803
Chunk: 546

Company: TuHURA Biosciences, Inc./NV
Filing Date: 2025-02-07
Form: S-4
Chunk 546
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 on publicly available information, the following are some of the products being developed by competitors in indications overlapping with those of Kineta’s programs. Oncology landscape For the last 150 years, cancer treatment was dominated by surgery, chemotherapy, radiation therapy and hormonal therapy. Before 1997, all available chemotherapy drugs for cancer were generic in their mechanism of action, designed to either kill rapidly dividing cells or deprive them of essential growth factors. Since 1997 the field has witnessed an emergence of many targeted agents for cancer, including in 2011, the first CPI for cancer, ipilimumab or Yervoy ®. Immunotherapies are unique in cancer treatment in that they do not kill cancer cells directly, but rather enhance the endogenous immune response to tumors. By enhancing the immune response, it is now possible to obtain dramatic and long-lasting tumor regressions, even in patients with advanced or otherwise incurable cancers. There exist today four broad categories of marketed immunotherapies:

| • |     | Cell-based therapies (e.g., CAR T cells); |

| • |     | Vaccines (e.g., BCG); |

| • |     | Oncolytic viruses (e.g., T-Vec); and |

| • |     | Immunomodulators (e.g., CPIs). |

Immune checkpoint inhibitors (CPIs) The most widely prescribed and effective group of treatments are the CPIs. Since 2011, ten CPIs have been approved in the United States, primarily for the treatment of advanced or metastatic solid tumors. CPIs that have been approved by the FDA only have a few different mechanisms of action. They either block the interaction of PD1 with its ligands (PD-L1or -L2),or they block the interaction of CTLA4 with its ligands (CD80 or CD86), or they block the interaction of LAG-3to its canonical MHC Class II ligand. Since PD1, CTLA4 and LAG-3serve 352

as breaks on the T-cell-drivenimmune response, antibodies that block these interactions enhance the activation of effector T cells. The first LAG-3inhibitor was FDA approved only in combination with a PD1 inhibitor in March 2022. Because there is such a large population of advanced cancer patients for whom there are few available treatments, the CPIs have become widely used, and this is reflected in the commercial success of the group. However, despite more than a decade of development