Company: RTNTF
Filing Date: 2025-02-20
Form Type: 20-F
Source: 0001628280-25-006642
Chunk: 116

Company: RIO TINTO LTD
Filing Date: 2025-02-20
Form: 20-F
Chunk 116
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 these lower-carbon steelmaking technologies by our customers. A range of different policies is needed to support research and development, first-of-a-kind projects and commercial deployment of low-carbon steelmaking.

| For more informationsee our climatebriefing paper on decarbonising our iron orevalue chain at riotinto.com/climatechange |

1. The support will be in the form of direct technical support and co-developing technology solutions. 2. Subject to funding approval and technical feasibility. 3. Rio Tinto is aware of the complexities around the use of biomass supply and is working to ensure only sustainable sources of biomass are used.

| Annual Report on Form 20-F 2024 | 60 | riotinto.com |

Strategic report | Our approach to ESG | Climate Action Plan

Steel decarbonisation projects tracker Aluminium value chain

| Alumina decarbonisation targets–In 2025, partner with at least 2 bauxitecustomers with the goal of improvingenergy efficiency and reducingemissions, focusing on digestionimprovement technology; controllingor removing organic compounds fromthe refining process; and technicaloptions to reduce moisture content inour bauxite. |

We regularly engage with our customers to understand their ESG priorities and requirements, and identify and agree on collaboration opportunities aligned with our capabilities. Energy efficiency is a key priority for our customers due to its direct impact on emissions. In the alumina refinery process, steam is used to heat the bauxite slurry in the digestion unit to high temperatures, dissolving the alumina in the bauxite. This digestion process is a crucial aspect of the overall energy efficiency of the refinery. In addition, effective organic control is essential for achieving production rates and producing quality alumina, especially when processing Australian bauxites. More than 85% of our 134.0Mt CO 2 e Scope 3 emissions in the aluminium value chain come from the electricity- and emissions- intensive aluminium smelting process. However, the majority of our product is processed in China using coal-fired refining and smelting processes, where we have little influence over the power source for these electricity grids. Our short- to medium-term focus is to help our customers improve the alumina refining process to increase energy efficiency and optimise use of our bauxite 1 . Strong demand for bauxite has resulted in almost double the number of refineries processing Rio Tinto bauxite over the past 3 years. As some of our bauxite sales are made through intermedi