Company: FCAP
Filing Date: 2025-03-31
Form Type: 10-K
Source: 0001171843-25-001868
Chunk: 13

Company: FIRST CAPITAL INC
Filing Date: 2025-03-31
Form: 10-K
Item: Item 1
Chunk 13
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 losses with the provision for credit losses on loans on the consolidated statements of income. Upon adoption, the Company recorded an increase in the beginning ACL on loans of $561,000. In addition, the Company established an ACL related to unfunded loan commitments of $131,000 upon adoption of ASU 2016-13. The use of the modified retrospective method of adoption resulted in the Company recording a $529,000 reduction (net of tax) in retained earnings as of January 1, 2023. Results for reporting periods after January 1, 2023 are presented under Accounting Standards Codification (“ASC”) 326 while prior period amounts continue to be reported in accordance with previously applicable GAAP.  The Company expanded the loan portfolio segments used to determine the ACL on loans into eight loan segments as opposed to seven loan segments under the incurred loss methodology. Prior year activity in the ACL on loans within this annual report reflect the reclassification of the ACL on loans to account for the expanded portfolio segments.  See Note 1 in the accompanying Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements for additional information regarding the adoption of ASC 326.

The Company maintains the ACL on loans to cover management's estimate of all expected credit losses over the expected contractual life of the loan portfolio. The Company estimates the ACL on loans using relevant available information from internal and external sources relating to past events, current conditions, and reasonable and supportable forecasts. Historical loss experience provides the basis for the estimation of expected credit losses. Qualitative adjustments to historical loss information are made for losses reflected by peers, changes in underwriting standards, changes in economic conditions, changes in delinquency levels, collateral values and other factors.  Losses are charged against the allowance when management believes the uncollectibility of a loan balance is confirmed.  In addition, the IDFI and FDIC, as an integral part of the examination process, periodically review the Bank’s ACL on loans and may require the Bank to make additional provisions for estimated losses based on its judgments about information available to it at the time of its examination.

The methodology used in determining the ACL on loans includes segmenting the loan portfolio by identifying risk characteristics common to pools of loans, determining and measuring impairment of individual loans based on the present value of expected future cash flows or the fair value of collateral, and determining and measuring impairment for pools of loans with similar characteristics by applying loss factors that consider the qualitative factors which may affect the loss rates. 

Loans that do not share risk characteristics are evaluated on an individual basis.