Company: TELO
Filing Date: 2025-02-04
Form Type: 10-K
Source: 0001493152-25-004872
Chunk: 276

Company: Telomir Pharmaceuticals, Inc.
Filing Date: 2025-02-04
Form: 10-K
Item: Item 1
Chunk 276
---
 for cellular metal imbalances. Preliminary studies suggest that Telomir-1 may achieve these outcomes by selectively
binding to and exchanging between metal ions in a form- and dose-dependent manner, slowing enzyme reactivity, and preserving cellular
functions. If clinical trials demonstrate its efficacy and it gains FDA and other regulatory approvals, we believe Telomir-1 could serve
as a non-toxic, orally administered ion-overload regulator with the potential to balance enzyme and pathway overactivity caused by excessive
metal reactivity.

To
date, we have completed multiple preclinical studies on Telomir-1, including those demonstrating that Telomir-1 is non-mutagenic and
possesses strong biological and metal-binding properties (Graphic 1). Using advanced “in silico modeling,” driven by artificial
intelligence to predict a compound’s therapeutic potential, chemical and biological activity, and toxicity, we continue to uncover
evidence supporting Telomir-1’s potential to address metal-overload conditions. Additionally, recent independent in vitro studies
have confirmed that Telomir-1 exhibits strong binding affinities for copper and iron, with reduced binding affinity for zinc.

5

Graphic
1: Telomir-1 is capable binding to several metal ions

We
collaborate with third-party organizations to conduct research and advance development efforts. One such partner, InSilico Trials, utilizes
in silico digital simulations to support drug development through computational modeling. These techniques allow us to efficiently predict
the safety and efficacy of potential compounds, reducing the need for extensive clinical trials. Additionally, we work with Recipharm
and Smart Assays to assess Telomir-1’s binding properties and investigate ion competition and exchange under varying conditions,
further refining its therapeutic potential.

An
example of these findings is illustrated in the Graphic 2 below, created in collaboration with Smart Assays Biotechnologies Ltd. The
figure depicts the concentration of free iron (Fe²⁺) in the presence of Telomir-1 (T1) and various ions. When Telomir-1
is introduced, the concentration of free iron decreases (indicated by the shift from the blue point to the orange point). This is
direct evidence for the binding of iron to T1, reducing its free ion concertation in the solution. However, the addition of
copper (Cu²⁺) at varying concentrations leads to an exchange between bound iron and copper, resulting in the release of
previously bound