Company: RDPTF
Filing Date: 2025-09-18
Form Type: 20-F
Source: 0001213900-25-088699
Chunk: 47

Company: Radiopharm Theranostics Ltd
Filing Date: 2025-09-18
Form: 20-F
Item: Item 3
Chunk 47
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, and radionuclide therapy. Recently, there has been an increased focus on radiopharmaceuticals
that function as theranostics. In particular, progress in antibody and small-molecule design for targeted delivery and the increased availability
of radionuclides with potent therapeutic properties have fueled interest in the field of targeted radiotherapy. Research has focused on
high linear energy transfer therapies which deliver ablative radioactive doses to cancerous cells over a small range, sparing adjacent
non-targeted tissues.

There are two main classes
of therapeutic radiopharmaceuticals, which differ based on the types of particles that are emitted, which are β-emitting radioisotopes
and ɑ-emitting radioisotopes. Beta emitters kill cancer cells primarily by creating free radicals that damage cellular machinery
and cause single-stranded DNA breaks which are potentially repairable by the cell. Alpha particles, in contrast, cause greater physical
damage to cancer cells than β particles, including multiple double-stranded DNA breaks, which are highly lethal. Alpha particles
are larger and have higher energy transfer rates than β particles. This higher energy transfer rate allows ɑ particles to deposit
a greater amount of lethal energy over a short distance of one to two cells, compared to the relatively long distance of up to 12 mm for
β particles, allowing particles to limit damage only to cancer cells in close proximity while reducing off-target radiation risk.
However, beta emitters have more proven and solid supply chain and already experienced FDA approvals in Prostate cancer and Neuro Endocrine
Tumors.

Radiopharmaceuticals also
differ based on the technology that supports them and their effect and degree of penetration on tumor cells. There are certain radiopharmaceuticals
that act on specific molecular targets associated with cancer. These include the larger “designer” antibodies, termed mAb,
that identify surface markers which are more common on cancers than normal cells, or proteins which are altered or mutant on cancer. In
particular, mAb may be used either alone to destroy cancer cells or as carriers of other substances used either for treatment or diagnostic
purposes. For example, chemotherapeutic agents or radioactive substances can be attached to mAbs to deliver high concentrations of these
toxic substances directly to the tumor cells, the cancer being destroyed by the agent, not the mAb. These targeted, or “silver bullet”,
approaches may be less toxic and produce better results than conventional chemotherapy or external beam radiation therapy