Company: APM
Filing Date: 2025-04-30
Form Type: 20-F
Source: 0001213900-25-037669
Chunk: 29

Company: Aptorum Group Ltd
Filing Date: 2025-04-30
Form: 20-F
Item: Item 3
Chunk 29
---
 drug candidates may give
rise to claims of infringement of the patent rights of others.

Other parties may assert that
we are employing their proprietary technology without authorization. There may be other patents of which we are currently unaware with
claims to materials, formulations, methods of manufacture or methods for treatment related to the use or manufacture of our drug candidates.
Because patent applications can take many years to issue, there may be currently pending patent applications or provisional patents which
may later result in issued patents that our drug candidates may infringe. In addition, other parties may obtain patents in the future
and claim that use of our technology infringes upon these patents. If any other patents were held by a court of competent jurisdiction
to cover the manufacturing process of any of our drug candidates, any molecules formed during the manufacturing process or any final drug
itself, the holders of any such patents may be able to prevent us from commercializing such drug candidate unless we obtain a license
under the applicable patents, or until such patents expire or they are finally determined to be held invalid or unenforceable. Similarly,
if any other patent were held by a court of competent jurisdiction to cover aspects of our formulations, processes for manufacture or
methods of use, including combination therapy or patient selection methods, the holders of any such patent may be able to block our ability
to develop and commercialize the applicable drug candidate unless we obtain a license, limit our uses, or until such patent expires, or
is finally determined to be held invalid or unenforceable. In either case, such a license may not be available on commercially reasonable
terms or at all.

Other parties who bring successful
claims against us for infringement of their IP rights may obtain injunctive or other equitable relief, which could prevent us from developing
and commercializing one or more of our drug candidates. Defense of these claims, regardless of their merits, would involve substantial
litigation expense and be a substantial diversion of employee resources from our business. In the event of a successful claim of infringement
or misappropriation against us, we may have to pay substantial damages, including treble damages and attorneys’ fees in the case
of willful infringement, obtain one or more licenses from other parties, pay royalties or redesign our infringing drug candidates, which
may be impossible or require substantial time and monetary expenditure. In the event of an adverse result in any such litigation, or even
in the absence of litigation, we may need to obtain licenses from other parties to advance our research or