Company: INDP
Filing Date: 2025-03-13
Form Type: 10-K
Source: 0001493152-25-010136
Chunk: 1369

Company: Indaptus Therapeutics, Inc.
Filing Date: 2025-03-13
Form: 10-K
Item: Item 1A
Chunk 1369
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 aspects of our research and development before it is too late to obtain patent protection. Even
if we own or in-license valid and enforceable patents, these patents still may not provide protection against competing products or processes
sufficient to achieve our business objectives.

The
issuance of a patent is not conclusive as to its inventorship, scope, ownership, priority, validity or enforceability. In this regard,
third parties may challenge our patents or any future patents we may own in the courts or patent offices in the U.S. and abroad. Such
challenges may result in loss of exclusivity or freedom to operate or in patent claims being narrowed, invalidated or held unenforceable,
in whole or in part, which could limit our ability to stop others from using or commercializing similar or identical technology and products,
or limit the duration of the patent protection of our technology and potential products. In addition, given the amount of time required
for the development, testing and regulatory review of new product candidates, patents protecting such product candidates might expire
before or shortly after such product candidates are commercialized.

Patent
terms may be inadequate to protect our competitive position on our product candidates for an adequate amount of time.

Patents
have a limited lifespan, and the protection patents afford is limited. In the United States, if all maintenance fees are timely paid,
the natural expiration of a patent is generally 20 years from its earliest U.S. non-provisional filing date. Even if patents covering
our product candidates are obtained, once the patent life has expired for patents covering a product or product candidate, we may be
open to competition from competitive products and services. As a result, our patent portfolio may not provide us with sufficient rights
to exclude others from commercializing products similar or identical to ours. We may infringe the intellectual property rights of others,
which may prevent or delay our product development efforts and prevent us from commercializing, or increase the costs of commercializing,
our products.

Our
commercial success depends significantly on our ability to operate without infringing the patents and other intellectual property rights
of third parties. For example, there could be issued patents of which we are not aware that our current or potential future product candidates
infringe. There also could be patents that we believe we do not infringe upon, but that we may ultimately be found to infringe upon.

Moreover,
patent applications are in some cases maintained in secrecy until patents are issued. The publication of discoveries in the scientific
or patent literature