Company: BCDRF
Filing Date: 2025-02-28
Form Type: 20-F
Source: 0000891478-25-000054
Chunk: 643

Company: Banco Santander, S.A.
Filing Date: 2025-02-28
Form: 20-F
Chunk 643
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 they are recognised as mitigating factors of the potential expected losses, and therefore of the provisions to be recognised, based on the provisions of the applicable standard (IFRS 9 Par. B5.5.55). Furthermore, where applicable, these guarantees are appropriately reflected in the mitigation of the significant increase in risk, considering their nature as personal guarantees. For the estimation of the parameters used in the estimation of impairment provisions -EAD (exposure at default), PD (probability of default), LGD (loss given default)-, the Group based its experience in developing internal models for the estimation of parameters both in the regulatory area and for management purposes, adapting the development of the impairment provision models under IFRS 9. • Exposure at default: is the amount of estimated risk incurred at the time of the counterparty's analysis. • Probability of default: is the estimated probability that the counterparty will default on its principal and/or interest payment obligations. • Loss given default: is the estimate of the severity of the loss incurred in the event of non-compliance. It depends mainly on the updating of the guarantees associated with the operation and the future cash flows that are expected to be recovered. In any case, when estimating the flows expected to be recovered, portfolio sales are included. It should be noted that due to the Group's recovery policy and the experience observed in relation to the prices of past sales of assets classified as stage 3 and/or default risk, there is no substantial divergence between the flows obtained from recoveries after performing recovery management of the assets with those obtained from the sale of portfolios of assets discounting structural expenses and other costs incurred. The definition of default implemented by the Group for the purpose of calculating the impairment provision models is based on the definition in Article 178 of Regulation 575/2013 of the European Union (CRR), which is fully aligned with the requirements of IFRS 9, which considers that a 'default' exists in relation to a specific customer/contract when at least one of the following circumstances exists: the entity considers that there are reasonable doubts about the payment of all its credit obligations or that the customer/contract is in an irregular situation for more than 90 consecutive days past due material balances with respect to any significant credit obligation. Grupo Santander aligned partially and voluntarily during 2022 the accounting definition of Stage 3, as well as the calculation of impairment provision models, to the New Definition of Default, incorporating the criteria defined by the EBA in its implementation guide of the definition of default