Company: MIRA
Filing Date: 2025-08-08
Form Type: DEFM14A
Source: 0001641172-25-022816
Chunk: 210

Company: MIRA PHARMACEUTICALS, INC.
Filing Date: 2025-08-08
Form: DEFM14A
Chunk 210
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 ■ | Brain                            
 injuries, tumors, or blood clots |

In such cases, addressing the underlying issue may lead to significant improvement in cognitive function.

MCI Symptoms

Mild Cognitive Impairment (MCI) is characterized by noticeable problems with memory, language, and judgment that are more pronounced than typical age-related changes. However, these symptoms do not significantly interfere with daily life at home or in the workplace. As the brain ages, it’s normal for individuals to experience occasional forgetfulness — such as taking longer to recall names or finding the right word. When memory and thinking difficulties exceed what’s expected for one’s age, they may be signs of MCI. Common symptoms of MCI include:

| ■ | Frequent                                                        
 forgetfulness, such as misplacing items or missing appointments |

| ■ | Difficulty                                           
 following conversations or losing track of a thought |

| ■ | Trouble                                                 
 recalling familiar names, words, or the plot of a story |

| ■ | Challenges                                      
 in decision-making or completing everyday tasks |

| ■ | Trouble                          
 navigating familiar environments |

| ■ | Poor                               
 judgment or making unusual choices |

| ■ | Language                                    
 difficulties, such as word-finding problems |

3https://www.alzheimers.gov/alzheimers-dementias/mild-cognitive-impairment

| Moore Financial Consulting |

| MIRA Pharmaceuticals, Inc. | April 2025    |
| Valuation                  | Page 13 of 28 |

While MCI symptoms may be subtle at first, their persistence or progression warrants professional evaluation, especially when they are noticed by others close to the individual.

Causes and Brain Changes Associated with MCI

MCI does not have a single, defined cause. In some cases, MCI represents an early stage of Alzheimer’s disease or another form of dementia, but outcomes vary widely. For some individuals, cognitive symptoms remain stable for years or may even improve, while for others, MCI gradually progresses to Alzheimer’s or another type of dementia.

MCI is often linked to the same underlying brain changes seen in neurodegenerative diseases, but these changes tend to occur at a milder level. Post-mortem studies have confirmed that people with MCI can exhibit a range of neuropathological features, including:

| ■ | Beta-amyloid                                                               
 plaques and tau neurofibrillary tangles — hallmarks of Alzheimer’s disease |

| ■ | Lewy                                                                               
 bodies — abnormal protein aggregates associated with Parkinson’s disease, dementia 
 with Lewy bodies