Company: DRTSW
Filing Date: 2025-03-12
Form Type: 20-F
Source: 0001213900-25-023187
Chunk: 118

Company: Alpha Tau Medical Ltd.
Filing Date: 2025-03-12
Form: 20-F
Item: Item 4
Chunk 118
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 reliance on multiple interactions demand
significantly higher levels of radiation to destroy cancer cells, and these modalities have shown limited efficacy in hypoxic tumor tissue
due to the lack of oxygen to generate free radicals. In addition, the relatively long range of beta and gamma increases the risk of greater
imprecision, dissipation of potency, and potential collateral tissue damage. By contrast, we believe that alpha radiotherapy, owing to
the nature of its high strength and very tightly controlled range, as well as the directcellular impact not reliant on oxygen,
has the potential to overcome treatment resistance to beta and gamma radiotherapy, and to offer a highly conformal and effective source
of radiotherapy with very limited damage to surrounding tissues.

We believe that alpha radiation
may also have the potential to generate an immune-modulated systemic effect in the body when being used for localized treatment, given
that it possesses several unique properties: (a) its high linear energy transfer, (b) rapid tumor cell destruction while sparing the surrounding
lymphatic tissue, nearby tissues and blood vessels, and (c) the potential to release large amounts of tumor antigens and attract inflammatory
and immune cells into the tumor vicinity.

Systemic vs. local radiotherapies

Radiotherapy can be deployed
as both a systemic agent and as a localized therapy. Systemictherapies are those which treat the entire body, and in the context
of cancer therapies generally utilize pharmaceutical products, such as chemotherapy or immunotherapy drugs, injected into the body to
damage (or stimulate the body to damage) cancer cells throughout the body preferentially over other cells. Localtherapies, such
as surgical excision, are those which address a disease or injury at a specific point, and in the context of cancer therapies will generally
target a specific tumor or set of tumors to be treated.

Localized radiotherapy is
commonly performed by External Beam Radiotherapy, or EBRT, directing external beams of gamma radiation powerful enough to penetrate
the body and damage or destroy cancer cells’ DNA if such cells are in the process of division. EBRT remains a widely used form of
radiotherapy, but due to the high doses required for tumor control, results in normal tissue toxicity. While toxicity has been reduced
due to technologic improvements such as Intensity-modulated radiation therapy, or IMRT, which allow for a more conformal treatment, significant
side effects have continued to be observed in the clinic.

Developments in the
field of nuclear medicine have introduced