Company: EUDAW
Filing Date: 2025-04-29
Form Type: 20-F
Source: 0001641172-25-006627
Chunk: 25

Company: EUDA Health Holdings Ltd
Filing Date: 2025-04-29
Form: 20-F
Item: Item 4
Chunk 25
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 to 2.1 billion. This demographic shift is primarily driven by longer life expectancy and declining birth rates, particularly
in developed and emerging economies. As the elderly population grows, healthcare systems must adapt to meet their complex medical needs.

Older
adults are more likely to suffer from multiple chronic conditions such as heart disease, diabetes, arthritis, and dementia. In the United
States, for example, around 80% of adults aged 65 and older have at least one chronic condition, and 68% have two or more. These conditions
require long-term management, regular monitoring, and often expensive medications or treatments. This leads to increased hospital admissions,
longer stays, and higher healthcare expenditures - placing a heavy financial and operational burden on healthcare infrastructure.

In
addition to rising costs, healthcare systems are also facing workforce shortages and capacity limitations. The demand for geriatricians,
nurses, and long-term caregivers is growing faster than the supply. According to the WHO, the global shortage of health workers could
reach 10 million by 2030, especially in low- and middle-income countries. Long-term care facilities are becoming overwhelmed, and informal
caregivers - typically family members - are under increasing pressure. Without strategic investment in healthcare infrastructure,
workforce development, and technology-driven solutions, countries may struggle to provide quality care to their aging populations.

Healthcare
cost has outpaced economic growth

One
of the most pressing challenges facing the healthcare industry today is the rapid rise in healthcare costs, which has consistently outpaced
economic growth in many countries. While advances in medical technology, increased life expectancy, and expanded access to care have
improved health outcomes, they have also driven up the cost of delivering care. In many economies, particularly those with aging populations
and chronic disease burdens, healthcare spending is consuming a growing share of national GDP.

For
instance, in OECD countries, healthcare expenditures have been rising faster than GDP for over a decade, creating sustainability concerns
for both public health systems and private insurers. In the United States, healthcare spending reached approximately 18% of GDP, far
surpassing other developed nations, with similar trends emerging in parts of Europe and Asia. This disconnect between healthcare spending
and economic performance puts financial pressure on governments, businesses, and individuals alike.

As
a result, many healthcare systems are being forced to make difficult choices, such as cutting services, increasing patient out-of-pocket
costs, or delaying infrastructure investments. The growing cost burden also highlights the urgent need