Company: AHL
Filing Date: 2025-03-19
Form Type: 20-F
Source: 0001267395-25-000019
Chunk: 48

Company: ASPEN INSURANCE HOLDINGS LTD
Filing Date: 2025-03-19
Form: 20-F
Item: Item 3
Chunk 48
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 evolving U. S., E. U. and U. K. privacy laws on cookies, tracking technologies and e-marketing. Recent court and regulator decisions are driving increased attention to cookies and tracking technologies. If the trend of increasing litigation as well as enforcement by regulators, sometimes embracing a strict approach to consent for all but essential use cases as seen in recent guidance and decisions continues, this could lead to substantial costs, require significant systems changes, limit the effectiveness of our marketing activities, divert the attention of our technology personnel, adversely affect our margins and subject us to additional liabilities. In light of the complex and evolving nature of U. S., E. U., E. U. Member State and U. K. privacy laws and litigation trends on cookies and tracking technologies, there can be no assurances that we will be successful in our efforts to comply with such laws or mitigate legal risks; violations of such laws could result in regulatory investigations, fines, orders to cease/change our use of such technologies, as well as civil claims including class actions and reputational damage.

We use analytical models to assist our decision making in key areas such as underwriting, claims, reserving, and catastrophe risks but actual results could differ materially from the model outputs and related analyses.

We have made substantial investments to develop proprietary analytic and modeling capabilities to facilitate our underwriting, risk management, capital modeling and allocation, and risk assessments relating to the risks we assume. We also use vendor models where available and, where appropriate, we use our proprietary model in combination with vendor models. These models and other tools help us to manage our risks, understand our capital utilization and risk aggregation, inform management and other stakeholders of capital requirements and seek to improve the risk/return profile or optimize the efficiency of the amount of capital we apply to cover the risks in the individual contracts we sell and in our portfolio as a whole. However, given the inherent uncertainty of modeling techniques and the application of such techniques, the possibility of human or systems error, the challenges inherent in consistent application of complex methodologies in a fluid business environment and other factors, our models, tools and databases may not accurately address the risks we currently cover or the emergence of new matters which might be deemed to impact certain of our coverages.

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Furthermore, there are risks associated with catastrophic events, which are either poorly represented or not represented at all by analytical models. Each modeling assumption or un-modeled risk introduces uncertainty into the estimates that management must consider. These uncertainties can include, but are not limited to, the following