Company: FCAP
Filing Date: 2025-03-31
Form Type: 10-K
Source: 0001171843-25-001868
Chunk: 456

Company: FIRST CAPITAL INC
Filing Date: 2025-03-31
Form: 10-K
Item: Item 13
Chunk 456
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, whether due to error or fraud, and performing procedures that respond to those risks. Such procedures included examining, on a test basis, evidence regarding the amounts and disclosures in the financial statements. Our audits also included evaluating the accounting principles used and significant estimates made by management, as well as evaluating the overall presentation of the financial statements. We believe that our audits provide a reasonable basis for our opinion.

Critical Audit Matter

The critical audit matter communicated below is a matter arising from the current period audit of the financial statements that was communicated or required to be communicated to the audit committee and that: (1) relates to accounts or disclosures that are material to the financial statements and (2) involved our especially challenging, subjective, or complex judgments. The communication of the critical audit matter does not alter in any way our opinion on the financial statements, taken as a whole, and we are not, by communicating the critical audit matter below, providing a separate opinion on the critical audit matter or on the accounts or disclosures to which it relates.

Allowance for Credit Losses – Qualitative Adjustments

As described in Notes 1 and 4 to the financial statements, the Allowance for Credit Losses (ACL) on loans is an estimate of lifetime expected credit losses inherent in the financial assets at the balance sheet date.  As of December 31, 2024, the ACL amounted to $9.3 million.

Management’s methodology for estimating the ACL includes an allowance measured on a collective basis for pools of loans that share similar risk characteristics. Management utilizes the Weighted Average Remaining Maturity method, which uses average annual charge-off rates and the remaining life of the loan, to estimate the ACL.  Management estimates the ACL on loans using relevant available information from internal and external sources relating to past events, current conditions, and reasonable and supportable forecasts. Historical loss experience provides the basis for the estimation of expected credit losses. Qualitative adjustments to historical loss information are made for losses reflected by peers, changes in underwriting standards, changes in economic conditions, changes in delinquency levels, collateral values and other factors.

F-1

We determined that auditing qualitative adjustments was a critical audit matter because it requires significant auditor judgment, auditor subjectivity, and audit effort to evaluate the subjective and complex judgments made by management that were applied in the determination of the qualitative adjustments of the ACL.

The primary procedures we performed to address the critical audit matter included:

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			Evaluating the reasonableness of management’s judgments and assumptions related