Company: APM
Filing Date: 2025-11-17
Form Type: F-1
Source: 0001213900-25-111548
Chunk: 301

Company: Aptorum Group Ltd
Filing Date: 2025-11-17
Form: F-1
Chunk 301
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. DiamiR intends to publish the results of the analysis in peer-reviewed journals. Competition The table below summarizes types of biomarkers, which are currently used and are being developed within the industry for the detection of MCI and AD. Based on the information available at the time of this proxy statement/prospectus, a number of companies are currently developing molecular assays for early detection of AD, including but not limited to: Fujirebio, Quanterix, C 2N Diagnostics, ALZPath, Cognoptix, Eli Lilly, LabCorp, NanoSomiX, NeuroTrack, Esya Labs, Brain Spec, Cogni.Dx, Roche, and Quest Labs. A number of academic groups are also pursuing identification of AD biomarkers. Quanterix (via its subsidiary Lucent Diagnostics), C2N Diagnostics, and Quest Labs have launched commercial LDTs for AD based on select protein biomarkers (Ab42/40, p-Tau217, and p-Tau181). In May 2025, the FDA granted 510(k) clearance for Fujirebio’s Lumipulse ®G pTau 217/β-Amyloid 1-42 Plasma Ratio in-vitro diagnostic (IVD) test for the assessment of amyloid pathology in patients presenting with signs and symptoms of cognitive decline being evaluated for Alzheimer’s disease and other causes of cognitive decline. In October 2025, the FDA cleared Roche’s Elecsys pTau181 blood test for the initial assessment of Alzheimer’s-related amyloid pathology among patients ages 55 and older with signs of cognitive decline in the primary care setting. DiamiR is not aware of any companies offering commercial miRNA-based tests for brain health at this time. 185 Advantages of DiamiR’s Technology Key advantages of DiamiR’s technology include the following:

| ● | DiamiR’s novel proprietary approach allows detecting 
 molecular signatures of brain health in blood;       |

| ● | Liquid biopsy, blood-based, tests are minimally invasive,                                                                            
 are potentially less expensive than current tests that rely on neuroimaging technologies and analysis of biomarkers in cerebrospinal 
 fluid, and are therefore suitable for primary screening;                                                                             |

| ● | The proof-of-concept data generated to date indicates DiamiR’s                                 
 approach may allow detecting and differentiating pathologies with high degree of accuracy; and |

| ● | DiamiR’s technology is complementary, and potentially                                        
 synergistic, to