Company: APM
Filing Date: 2025-10-14
Form Type: 424B5
Source: 0001213900-25-098635
Chunk: 30

Company: Aptorum Group Ltd
Filing Date: 2025-10-14
Form: 424B5
Chunk 30
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 issued patents, there
can be no assurance that meaningful claims will be obtained. Even issued patents may be challenged or invalidated. If others have prepared
and filed patent applications in the United States that also claim technology to which we have filed patent applications or otherwise
wish to challenge our patents, we may have to participate in interferences, post-grant reviews, inter parties reviews, derivation or other
proceedings in the USPTO and other patent offices to determine issues such as priority of claimed invention or validity of such patent
applications as well as our own patent applications and issued patents. Patents may also be circumvented, and our competitors may be able
to independently develop and commercialize similar drugs or mimic our technology, business model or strategy without infringing our patents.
The rights granted under any issued patents may not provide us with proprietary protection or competitive advantages against competitors
with similar technology.

We may rely, in some limited
circumstances, on unpatented trade secrets and know-how to protect aspects of our technology. However, it is challenging to monitor and
prevent the disclosure of trade secrets. We seek to protect our proprietary trade secrets and know-how, in part, by entering into confidentiality
agreements with consultants, scientific advisors and contractors and invention assignment agreements with our employees. We also seek
to preserve the integrity and confidentiality of our data and trade secrets by maintaining physical security of our premises and physical
and electronic security of our information technology systems. While we have confidence in these individuals, organizations and systems,
agreements or security measures may be breached, giving our competitors knowledge of our trade secrets and know-how, and we may not have
adequate remedies for any such breach, in which case our business could be adversely affected. Our trade secrets will not prevent our
competitors from independently discovering or developing the same know-how. Although our agreements with our consultants, contractors
or collaborators require them to provide us only original work product and prohibit them from incorporating or using IP owned by others
in their work for us, if they breach these obligations, disputes may arise as to the rights in any know-how or inventions that arise from
their work.

Our commercial success will
also depend in part on not infringing the proprietary rights of other parties. Although we seek to review the patent landscape relevant
to our technologies on an ongoing basis, we may become aware of a new patent which has been issued to others with claims covering or related
to aspects of one of our drug candidates. The issuance of such a patent could