Company: APM
Filing Date: 2025-07-15
Form Type: DRS
Source: 0001213900-25-063899
Chunk: 281

Company: Aptorum Group Ltd
Filing Date: 2025-07-15
Form: DRS
Chunk 281
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 MCI
and AD cohorts. The plasma samples for this study were provided by Penn Alzheimer’s Disease Research Center, University of Pennsylvania
and the analysis was conducted at DiamiR laboratory between 2022 and 2024. This study builds upon results reported by DiamiR at the AAIC
20023 and described below (see Business section, Characterizing Heterogeneous Groups of Patients with MCI, pre-MCI, and Dementia). miRNA
classifiers based on generation 2 algorithm differentiated between cognitively unimpaired, MCI and AD cohorts.

HEALTHY BRAIN AGING

Using plasma samples collected at the New York
Blood Center from cognitively unimpaired individuals 26-35, 36-45, 46-55, 56-65 and 66-75 years old, DiamiR has analyzed the levels of
CogniMIR miRNA panel during healthy aging and found that sex-dependent changes in miRNA levels can reflect centrally regulated
processes., including changes in hormone levels during menopause. Concentrations of certain miRNAs peaked at different ages, 46-55-year-old
and 56-65-year-old groups, respectively. This study provides an important insight into biology of DiamiR’s brain-enriched miRNA
biomarkers detectable in blood plasma.

(Aging, 2018 10:3017; Aging, 2018, 10:2557)

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CIRCULATING ORGAN-ENRICHED miRNAs AS BIOMARKERS OF RETT SYNDROME

Rett syndrome (RTT) is a rare (1 in every 10,000-15,000
live-born female births) neurodevelopmental disorder caused by mutations in the MECP2 gene that is characterized by neurological regression,
microcephaly, motor stereotypies, irregular breathing, and other physical defects. Although diagnostic MECP2 genetic testing is
widely available for RTT, biomarkers of RTT, including minimally invasive, blood-based indicators of disease severity and progression,
are lacking. DiamiR is validating a sensitive assay for RTT staging/prognosis and disease and treatment monitoring.

Following the pilot study conducted by DiamiR
using four mouse models of the disease and human plasma samples, DiamiR has defined a panel of 44 miRNA biomarker candidates and conducted
a study evaluating their effectiveness as RTT biomarkers