Company: APM
Filing Date: 2025-04-30
Form Type: 20-F
Source: 0001213900-25-037669
Chunk: 123

Company: Aptorum Group Ltd
Filing Date: 2025-04-30
Form: 20-F
Item: Item 4
Chunk 123
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. In addition, one (1) US non-provisional patent application was filed on October
8, 2021 and we filed two (2) Paris Convention (PCT) applications on February 24, 2022, and January 7, 2023, respectively. Prior to the
expiration of the first PCT applications, we filed national phase applications in 12 member states including Europe, PRC, Japan, Korea
and eight (8) other jurisdictions. The claimed inventions are described as: “ Unbiased And Simultaneous Amplification Method For
Preparing A Double-Stranded DNA Library From A Sample Of More Than One Type Of Nucleic Acid” and “ Method of Degrading Nucleic
Acids and Associated Compositions.” Altogether, the PathsDxpatent portfolio has five (5) US patents, one (1) European
patent and one (1) Great Britain patent granted.

Statistical Significance

The term statistical significance
is to define the probability that a measured difference between two groups (e. g. two treatment groups, treatment versus control groups)
is the result of a real difference in the tested variations and not the result of chance. It means that the result of a test does not
appear randomly or by chance, but because of a specific change that is tested, so it can be attributed to a specific cause.

The confidence level indicates
to what percentage the test results will not commit a type 1 error, the false positive. A false positive occurs when a change in the result
is due to randomness (or other noise) and not the change in variations. At a 95% confidence level (p = 0.05), there is a 5% chance that
the test results are due to a type 1 error. 95% has become the standard and usually be the minimum confidence level for the tests. To
make the test more stringent, a 99% confidence level (p = 0.01) is also commonly employed, which means that there is a 1% chance that
the test results are due to a type 1 error.

In other words, a p value
represents the confidence level. For example, if the p-value for a test is < 0.05, it means that there is less than 5% chance the difference
between two groups is due to random error or by chance. If the p-value is < 0.01, it means that