Company: APM
Filing Date: 2025-07-15
Form Type: DRS
Source: 0001213900-25-063899
Chunk: 415

Company: Aptorum Group Ltd
Filing Date: 2025-07-15
Form: DRS
Chunk 415
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759,000,
respectively. As of May 31, 2024 and 2023, the Company had state NOL carryforwards of approximately $392,000 and $392,000, respectively.
The federal NOL carryforward has an indefinite expiration period. State loss carryforwards expire between 2035 and 2043.

<div align='center'>F-17</div>

When realization of the deferred tax asset is
more likely than not to occur, the benefit related to the deductible temporary differences attributable to operations is recognized as
a reduction of income tax expense. Valuation allowances are provided against deferred tax assets when, based on all available evidence,
it is considered more likely than not that some portion or all of the recorded deferred tax assets will not be realized in future periods.
The Company’s valuation allowance increased by $181,606 and $254,957 in the years ended May 31, 2024 and 2023, respectively.

Uncertain tax positions are evaluated based on
the facts and circumstances that exist at each reporting period. Subsequent changes in judgment based upon new information may lead to
changes in recognition, derecognition, and measurement. Adjustment may result, for example, upon resolution of an issue with the taxing
authorities or expiration of a statute of limitations barring an assessment for an issue. The Company recognizes a tax benefit from an
uncertain tax position when it is more-likely-than-not that it will be sustained upon examination by tax authorities.

| Unrecognized tax benefits, May 31, 2022           |     |   |       - |
|:--------------------------------------------------|:----|:--|--------:|
| Gross increases – tax positions in current period |     |   | 217,239 |
| Unrecognized tax benefits, May 31, 2023           |     |   | 217,239 |
| Gross increases – tax positions in current period |     |   | 155,305 |
| Unrecognized tax benefits, May 31, 2024           |     | $ | 372,544 |

The gross increase in unrecognized tax benefits
in the years ended May 31, 2023 and 2024 relate to expected current deductions for certain funded research and development expenses subject
to interpretations of applicable tax law, in excess of available net operating carryforwards. Future changes in the unrecognized tax benefits
would affect the Company’s effective tax rate. In the absence of changes in related rulings or regulations, the Company does