Company: APM
Filing Date: 2025-07-15
Form Type: DRS
Source: 0001213900-25-063899
Chunk: 259

Company: Aptorum Group Ltd
Filing Date: 2025-07-15
Form: DRS
Chunk 259
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filing for prior years has been retrospectively adjusted as if the Share Exchange had occurred at the beginning of the earliest period
presented.

Below is the chart showing DiamiR’s corporate
structure:

<div align='center'>133</div>

DiamiR’s Strategy

DiamiR’s objective is to improve care for
patients with NDs and other diseases by developing and commercializing innovative cost-effective blood-based tests for early detection
and monitoring of pathology. To achieve this objective, DiamiR’s strategy is to:

Identify and validate blood-based miRNA biomarker signatures of different pathologies. DiamiR selects candidate biomarkers among organ-enriched miRNAs detectable in blood. DiamiR has
assembled a proprietary database that incorporates publicly available and proprietary data on a large number of miRNAs; DiamiR keeps this
database up-to-date as new information becomes available.

| ● | DiamiR uses a highly sensitive method for miRNA qualification, quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (“RT-qPCR”), to measure plasma levels of candidate miRNA biomarkers. Quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction, also called RT-qPCR, is used to detect and quantify levels of miRNA. Extracted miRNA is first transcribed into complementary DNA (cDNA). The cDNA is then used as the template for the quantitative PCR or real-time PCR reaction (qPCR). In qPCR, the amount of amplification product is measured in each PCR cycle using fluorescent probe: miRNAs are detected and quantified by a SYBR® Green-based dye. The reaction contains a miRNA-specific primer and a primer that recognizes the universal tag sequence. mRNAs are quantified by SYBR Green- based real-time PCR using target-specific primers designed to detect targeted miRNAs in DiamiR’s panel.   |
| ● | DiamiR currently employs “biomarker pair” approach to adjust for effects not related to the disease, typically by measuring a miRNA from the region of an organ where the disease processes are most profound and comparing it to a miRNA from a part of the organ that is thought to be relatively stable throughout the disease. Thus, DiamiR normalizes for differences in miRNA transport to the blood, stability of miRNA, our laboratory procedures, etc. DiamiR has developed a proprietary custom software and is currently developing a second-generation software to support its LDTs in development. In July 2023, DiamiR announced entering into