Company: APM
Filing Date: 2025-12-05
Form Type: 424B5
Source: 0001213900-25-118752
Chunk: 87

Company: Aptorum Group Ltd
Filing Date: 2025-12-05
Form: 424B5
Chunk 87
---
 States has
recently enacted and is currently implementing wide-ranging patent reform legislation. Recent U.S. Supreme Court rulings have narrowed
the scope of patent protection available in certain circumstances and weakened the rights of patent owners in certain situations. In addition
to increasing uncertainty with regard to our ability to obtain patents in the future, this combination of events has created uncertainty
with respect to the value of patents once obtained, if any. Depending on decisions by the U.S. Congress, the federal courts and the
USPTO, the laws and regulations governing patents in the United States could change in unpredictable ways that would weaken our ability
to obtain new patents, or to enforce our existing patents and patents that we might obtain in the future. For example, in a recent case,
Assoc. for Molecular Pathology v. Myriad Genetics, Inc., the U.S. Supreme Court held that certain claims to naturally-occurring
substances are not patentable. Although we do not believe that any of the patents owned or licensed by us will be found invalid based
on this decision, future decisions by the courts, the U.S. Congress or the USPTO may impact the value of our patent rights. There
could be similar changes in the laws of foreign jurisdictions that may impact the value of our patent rights or our other IP rights.

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In addition, recent patent
reform legislation in the U.S., including the Leahy-Smith America Invents Act, or the America Invents Act, could increase those uncertainties
and costs. The America Invents Act was signed into law on September 16, 2011, and many of the substantive changes became effective
on March 16, 2013. The America Invents Act reforms U.S. patent law in part by changing the U.S. patent system from a “first
to invent” system to a “first inventor to file” system, expanding the definition of prior art, and developing a post-grant
review system, thus changing the U.S. patent law in a way that may weaken our ability to obtain patent protection in the U.S. for
those applications filed after March 16, 2013. Further, the America Invents Act created new procedures to challenge the validity
of issued patents in the U.S., including post-grant review and interpartes review proceedings, which some other parties have been
using to cause the cancellation of selected or all claims of issued patents of competitors. For a patent with an