Company: YDDL
Filing Date: 2025-10-09
Form Type: 424B4
Source: 0001213900-25-097758
Chunk: 143

Company: One & one Green Technologies. INC
Filing Date: 2025-10-09
Form: 424B4
Chunk 143
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 specific requirements. Despite not being a party to any international treaty or convention regarding the enforcement of foreign judgments, Philippine laws accept into its jurisprudence and procedural rules the viability of enforcing a foreign judgment (BPI Securities Corporation v Guevara GR No 167052, 11 March 2015). The Philippines subscribes to the rules of comity, utility and convenience of nations by which foreign judgments are reciprocally respected and rendered efficacious under certain conditions (Philippine Aluminum Wheels, Inc., v FASGI Enterprises, Inc., GR No 1373378, 12 October 2000). A foreign judgment, however, merely creates a right of action and, as such, is not enforceable simply by execution. A foreign judgment does not bind Philippine courts unless it is recognized and enforced in the Philippines. The action for recognition of a foreign judgment does not require the re -litigationof the case before a Philippine court. Once admitted and proven in a Philippine court, a foreign judgment can only be repelled by evidence of grounds external to its merits, such as want of jurisdiction, want of notice to the party, collusion, fraud, or clear mistake of law or fact. Thus, relative to the enforcement of foreign judgments in the Philippines, there is a general right to seek such recognition and enforcement, as well as a right to defend against such enforcement on the grounds of want of jurisdiction, want of notice to the party, collusion, fraud, or clear mistake of law or fact. Foreign judgments are disputably presumed valid (BPI Securities Corporation v Guevara, GR No 167052, 11 March 2015). Philippine courts will only exercise a limited review of foreign judgments and are not allowed to delve into their merits (Minoru Fujiki v Marinay, GR No 196049, 26 June 2013). Since a foreign judgment cannot be enforced by writ of execution, the party seeking enforcement must file a case for enforcement in the Philippines. The venue for the enforcement of foreign judgement is before the Regional Trial Court where the plaintiff or defendant resides, or in the case of a non -residentdefendant, where they may be found, at the election of the plaintiff. An action upon a judgment must be brought within ten years from the time the right of action accrues (Civil Code, Article 1144). The right of action from a foreign judgment accrues from the date of finality. Note that only foreign judgments that have attained finality may be enforced in the Philippines (Rules