Company: APM
Filing Date: 2025-04-30
Form Type: 20-F
Source: 0001213900-25-037669
Chunk: 111

Company: Aptorum Group Ltd
Filing Date: 2025-04-30
Form: 20-F
Item: Item 4
Chunk 111
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 to many, if not all, of the existing drugs available
to treat them, rendering those treatments ineffective in many instances. MRSA is one such bacterium, a gram-positive bacterium that is
genetically different from other strains of Staphylococcus aureus. Staphylococcus aureus and MRSA can cause a variety of problems ranging
from skin infections and sepsis to pneumonia and bloodstream infections. It is estimated that about one out of every three people (33%)
carry Staphylococcus aureus in their nose, usually without any illness; about two in a hundred (2%) carry MRSA (source: https://www. cdc. gov/mrsa/tracking/index. html).
Both adults and children may carry MRSA.

Most MRSA infections occur
in people who have been in hospital or other health care settings, such as nursing homes and dialysis centers (source: https://www. mayoclinic. org/diseases-conditions/mrsa/symptoms-causes/syc-20375336),
which is known as Healthcare-Associated MRSA (“ HA-MRSA”). HA-MRSA infections are typically associated with invasive procedures
or devices, such as surgeries, intravenous tubing or artificial joints. Another type of MRSA infection, known as Community-Associated
MRSA (“ CA-MRSA”), has occurred in wider community among healthy people. It often begins as a painful skin boil and spreads
by skin-to-skin contact. About 85% of serious, invasive MRSA infections are healthcare associated infections (https://www. cdc. gov/media/pressrel/2007/r071016. htm).
The incidence of CA-MRSA varies according to population and geographic location. In the U. S., more than 94,000 people develop serious
MRSA infection and about 19,000 patients die as a result each year (https://www. cdc. gov/media/pressrel/2007/r071016. htm). According to
the US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (“ CDC”), Staphylococcus aureus, including MRSA, caused about 11% of healthcare-associated
infections in 2011 (source: http://www. healthcommunities. com/mrsa-infection/incidence. shtml). Each year in the U. S., around one out of
every twenty-five hospitalized patients contracts at least one infection in the hospital (N Engl J Med. 2014, 27;