Company: APM
Filing Date: 2025-07-15
Form Type: DRS
Source: 0001213900-25-063899
Chunk: 299

Company: Aptorum Group Ltd
Filing Date: 2025-07-15
Form: DRS
Chunk 299
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 not limited
to: Fujirebio, Quanterix, CN Diagnostics, ALZPath, Cognoptix, Eli Lilly, LabCorp,NanoSomiX,
NeuroTrack, Esya Labs, Brain Spec, Cogni.Dx, Roche, and Quest Labs. A number of academic groups are also pursuing identification of AD
biomarkers.

Quanterix (via its subsidiary Lucent Diagnostics),
C2N Diagnostics, and Quest Labs have launched commercial LDTs for AD based on select protein biomarkers (Ab42/40, p-Tau217, and p-Tau181).
In May 2025, the FDA granted 510(k) clearance for Fujirebio’s Lumipulse® G pTau 217/β-Amyloid 1-42 Plasma Ratio in-vitro
diagnostic (IVD) test for the assessment of amyloid pathology in patients presenting with signs and symptoms of cognitive decline being
evaluated for Alzheimer’s disease and other causes of cognitive decline.

DiamiR is not aware of any companies offering
commercial miRNA-based tests for brain health at this time.

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Advantages of DiamiR’s Technology

Key advantages of DiamiR’s technology include
the following:

| ● | DiamiR’s novel proprietary approach allows detecting molecular signatures of brain health in blood;                                                                                                                                                     |
| ● | Liquid biopsy, blood-based, tests are minimally invasive, are potentially less expensive than current tests that rely on neuroimaging technologies and analysis of biomarkers in cerebrospinal fluid, and are therefore suitable for primary screening; |
| ● | The proof-of-concept data generated to date indicates DiamiR’s approach may allow detecting and differentiating pathologies with high degree of accuracy; and                                                                                           |
| ● | DiamiR’s technology is complementary, and potentially synergistic, to other diagnostic platforms, such as imaging and/or blood protein biomarkers.                                                                                                      |

DiamiR’s tests are currently not commercially
available. If the tests are successfully developed and launched,

DiamiR believes that it will compete primarily on the basis of:

| ● | Clinical validation of DiamiR’s biomarker panels using samples from large heterogeneous cohorts from both retrospective and prospective clinical studies, including demonstration of correlation of DiamiR’s biomarkers with currently used biomarkers of AD and of the ability of DiamiR’s tests to specifically identify AD, and differentiate it from other NDs