Company: EUDAW
Filing Date: 2025-04-29
Form Type: 20-F
Source: 0001641172-25-006627
Chunk: 132

Company: EUDA Health Holdings Ltd
Filing Date: 2025-04-29
Form: 20-F
Item: Item 19
Chunk 132
---
 for income taxes. The charge for taxation is based on the results for
the fiscal year as adjusted for items, which are non-assessable or disallowed. It is calculated using tax rates that have been enacted
or substantively enacted by the balance sheet date.

Deferred
tax is calculated using the balance sheet liability method in respect of temporary differences arising from differences between the carrying
amount of assets and liabilities in the consolidated financial statements and the corresponding tax basis. In principle, deferred tax
liabilities are recognized for all taxable temporary differences. Deferred tax assets are recognized to the extent that it is probable
that taxable income will be utilized with prior net operating loss carried forwards using tax rates that are expected to apply to the
period when the asset is realized or the liability is settled. Deferred tax is charged or credited in the income statement, except when
it is related to items credited or charged directly to equity. Deferred tax assets are reduced by a valuation allowance when, in the
opinion of management, it is more likely than not that some portion or all of the deferred tax assets will not be utilized. Current income
taxes are provided for in accordance with the laws of the relevant tax authorities.

EUDA
HEALTH HOLDINGS LIMITED AND SUBSIDIARIES

NOTES
TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

(In
U. S. dollars, unless stated otherwise)

An
uncertain tax position is recognized as a benefit only if it is “more likely than not” that the tax position would be sustained
in a tax examination, with a tax examination being presumed to occur. The amount recognized is the largest amount of tax benefit that
is more-likely-than-not of being realized on examination. For tax positions not meeting the “more likely than not” test,
no tax benefit is recorded. No penalties and interest incurred related to underpayment of income tax for the years ended December 31,
2024, 2023 and 2022. As of December 31, 2024, the tax returns of the Company’s Singapore entities for the calendar year from 2020
through 2023 remain open for statutory examination by Singapore tax authorities.

The
Company recognize interest and penalties related to unrecognized tax benefits, if any, on the income tax expense line in the accompanying
consolidated statement of operations. Accrued interest and penalties are included on the related tax liability line in the consolidated
balance.

The
Company conducts much of its business activities in Singapore and is subject to tax