Company: CMDB
Filing Date: 2025-03-31
Form Type: 20FR12B
Source: 0001140361-25-011425
Chunk: 148

Company: Costamare Bulkers Holdings Ltd
Filing Date: 2025-03-31
Form: 20FR12B
Chunk 148
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 operate in the territorial waters of such countries or enter their ports, our vessels would typically be subject to the requirements and liabilities imposed in such countries. Other regions of the world also have the ability to adopt requirements or regulations that may impose additional obligations on our vessels and may entail significant expenditures on our part and may increase the costs of our operations. These requirements, however, would apply to the industry operating in those regions as a whole and would also affect our competitors. Of particular importance, due to the trade intensity in these areas, are four ECAs created in Hong Kong and in China (Pearl River Delta, the Yangtze River Delta and Bohai Sea), which are regulated in order to reduce the levels of ship-generated air pollution and restrict the sulphur content of fuels. As of January 1, 2017, vessels at berth in a core port within an emission control area are required to use fuel with a maximum sulphur content of 0.5% m/m—except one hour after arrival and one hour before departure. Since January 1, 2018, all ports within Chinese emission control areas have implemented this standard. As of January 1, 2019, vessels must use fuel with a sulphur content not exceeding 0.5% m/m prior to entering China’s territorial sea, in defined areas. From January 1, 2022, vessels entering Hainan Waters are required to use fuel with a maximum sulphur content of 0.10% m/m within the coastal ECA. A more stringent requirement is applicable in designated “inland control areas”. These include the navigable waters of the Yangtze River main lines (from Shuifu in Yunnan Province to Liuhe Estuary in Jiangsu Province) and the Xijiang River main lines (from Nanning in Guangxi Province to Zhaoqing in Guangdong Province). From January 1, 2020, vessels entering the inland emission control areas are required to use fuel with a maximum sulphur content of 0.10% m/m. The restriction has also been applied to inland and “river-sea” vessels entering inland emission control areas as of January 1, 2019. Vessels capable of receiving shore power must use shore power if they berth for more than three hours in 71 ports in the coastal ECA that have shore power capabilities (or more than two hours in ports with such capabilities in the inland ECAs). Furthermore, ships of 400 gross tonnage or over, or