Company: TSEM
Filing Date: 2025-04-30
Form Type: 20-F
Source: 0001178913-25-001537
Chunk: 40

Company: TOWER SEMICONDUCTOR LTD
Filing Date: 2025-04-30
Form: 20-F
Item: Item 3
Chunk 40
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 performance of the integrated sensor through wafer-level characterization. Our CMOS image sensor processes have
demonstrated superior optical characteristics, excellent spectral response, small pixel sizes for high resolution, high dynamic range
and sensitivity. The ultra-low dark current, high efficiency and wide spectral response of our pixels enable faithful color reproduction
and acute detail definition.

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We are currently actively involved in the high-end sensor and applications
specific markets, which include applications such as high-end video, high end photography, industrial machine vision, dental x-ray, medical
x-ray, automotive sensors, security sensors and time of flight (ToF) three dimensional sensors for entertainment, commercial and industrial
applications, as well as image sensors with record frame rates for registration of ultra-fast processes.

We gained market potential using CMOS process technology for a
digital camera-on-a-chip, which integrates a CMOS image sensor, filters and digital circuitry. Upon entering the CMOS image sensor foundry
business, we utilized research and development work that had been ongoing since 1993. Our services include a broad range of turnkey solutions
and services, including silicon proven pixels portfolio, optical characterization of a CMOS process, an innovative patented stitching
manufacturing technology for large sensors, up to a one die per 300mm wafer and prototype packaging. The CMOS image sensors that we manufacture
include 180nm on 200mm wafers and 65nm on 300mm wafers, with pixel sizes down to 1.25 micron on backside illumination (BSI) technology,
delivering outstanding image quality for a broad spectrum of digital imaging applications.

Specifically, our CIS portfolio includes pixels ranging from 1.12
micron up to 150 microns, all developed by us. We provide both rolling shutter and global shutter pixels. The latter are used mainly in
the industrial sensor and in the three-dimensional sensor markets. Our advanced technology used in CMOS image sensors enables improved
performance such as low dark current, low noise, high well capacity, high quantum efficiency and high uniformity of pixels utilizing deep
sub-micron process technologies, enabling us to offer very sophisticated and high-performance camera module solutions. Our state-of-the-art
pixels are used in a variety of markets, such as the high-end machine vision cameras and the rapidly growing ToF 3D sensor market. In
addition, our advanced global shutter technology and global shutter pixels, as small as 2.2um on BSI stacked