Company: TGE
Filing Date: 2025-04-25
Form Type: F-4/A
Source: 0001213900-25-035536
Chunk: 331

Company: Generation Essentials Group
Filing Date: 2025-04-25
Form: F-4/A
Chunk 331
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ii) new, original, and ornamental designs of manufactured articles (design patents); and (iii) distinct and new varieties of plants (plant patents). Patents are regulated exclusively at the federal level by the U.S. Patent and Trademark Office, or the USPTO, and the designated federal courts. The USPTO decides in the first instance which patent protections to grant and also provides legal and regulatory guidance for inventors seeking patent protections. Once the USPTO grants patent protection, an inventor seeking to enforce his or her patent rights against another party must bring a claim in federal court. The U.S. Court of Appeals for the Federal Circuit has exclusive authority to review USPTO patent decisions as well as lower court patent infringement decisions. A party seeking further review may petition the U.S. Supreme Court to review the decisions of the U.S. Court of Appeals for the Federal Circuit. The U.S. Supreme Court has discretion over whether to hear such cases. 202 Trademarks include brand names, symbols, slogans, packaging and other designs that are used by an entity to identify and distinguish its goods or services in a particular marketplace. Trademarks are regulated in a similar manner as patents by the same government entities, with two key differences. First, trademark rights do not require registration; rather, a party establishes trademark rights through commercial use of the mark. However, trademark registration can strengthen protections. Second, trademarks are also protected and regulated at the state level, which means that state enforcers also oversee trademark protections, and that trademark disputes can be litigated in both state and federal court. Copyrights protect original works of intellectual and artistic expression and cover a wide variety of content, including magazines and movies. Copyrights are regulated exclusively at the federal level under a regime separate from the one that applies to patent and trademark protection. An author automatically obtains a copyright over work as soon as it is committed to a medium, including paper, film or electronic memory. The U.S. Copyright Office oversees copyright protections and provides legal and regulatory guidance to authors. It also allows authors to register copyrighted material, which is in turn recorded and stored in the Library of Congress. Although registration is not necessary to obtain copyright protection, it is generally a prerequisite for a copyright holder to seek enforcement in court. Federal courts adjudicate most copyright disputes, while the Copyright Claims Board has authority to resolve certain smaller and more limited disputes. The Digital Millennium Copyright Act also plays an important role in copyright protection. This act protects online service providers from copyright liability arising from user activities