Company: ACHV
Filing Date: 2025-03-11
Form Type: 10-K
Source: 0000950170-25-036831
Chunk: 38

Company: ACHIEVE LIFE SCIENCES, INC.
Filing Date: 2025-03-11
Form: 10-K
Item: Item 1
Chunk 38
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 the EU and Japan, pharmacovigilance requirements vary and are typically less extensive.

Health authorities in many middle- and lower-income countries require marketing approval by a recognized regulatory authority (i.e., similar to the authority of the FDA or the EMA) before they begin to conduct their application review process and/or issue their final approval. Many authorities also require local clinical data in the country’s population in order to receive final marketing approval. These requirements delay marketing authorization in those countries relative to the United States and Europe.

CONTRACT RESEARCH AGREEMENTS 

Our strategy is to outsource certain product development activities and have established contract research agreements for, non-clinical, clinical, manufacturing and some data management services. We choose which business or institution to use for these services based on their expertise, capacity and reputation and the cost of the service. 

We also provide or have provided quantities of our product candidates to academic research institutions to investigate the mechanism of action. These collaborations expand our research activities for our product candidates with modest contributions from us. 

MANUFACTURING 

We do not own or operate manufacturing facilities for the production of cytisinicline, though we may develop our own manufacturing operations in the future. We currently partner with Sopharma as supplier and contract manufacturer for our required raw materials, active pharmaceutical ingredients and finished drug product for our clinical trials. In addition to our Sopharma relationship, we utilize contract manufacturing organizations for the clinical packaging supplies of cytisinicline and are in the process of contracting with additional contract manufacturing organizations for commercial drug supply. We currently employ internal resources and third-party consultants to manage our clinical manufacturing activities.

Sopharma sources cytisinicline from natural sources including trees and shrubs from the Faboideae subfamily of plant species. The seeds of cytisinicline containing plants are harvested annually, dried and processed into cytisinicline. The seeds in their natural state are highly toxic and the extraction process removes the toxins to produce highly purified cytisinicline. Sopharma controls a number of orchards throughout Bulgaria in addition to sourcing seeds and cytisinicline starting material from certain third-party suppliers. We expect to continue stockpiling cytisinicline to meet the projected demand upon commercial launch.

The active pharmaceutical ingredient, or API, manufacturing process utilizes a series of techniques including solvent extraction, recrystallization, filtration, and purification. Critical control steps and manufacturing intermediates have been identified and are controlled by internally developed specifications and methods to ensure a consistent and reproducible process. The highly purified cyt