Company: ADZCF
Filing Date: 2025-03-13
Form Type: 20-F
Source: 0001159508-25-000020
Chunk: 434

Company: DEUTSCHE BANK AKTIENGESELLSCHAFT
Filing Date: 2025-03-13
Form: 20-F
Chunk 434
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 origination or purchase and the impact of a longer time horizon being considered compared to 12 months in Stage 1. – Stage 3: The Group recognizes a loss allowance at an amount equal to lifetime expected credit losses, reflecting a Probability of Default of 100 %, via the expected recoverable cash flows for the asset, for those Financial Assets that are credit-impaired. The Group’s definition of default is aligned with the regulatory definition of default. Financial Assets that are credit-impaired upon initial recognition are categorized within Stage 3 with a carrying value already reflecting the lifetime expected credit losses. The accounting treatment for these purchased or originated credit-impaired (“POCI”) assets is discussed further below. ECL are calculated using three main parameters: probability of default (PD), loss given default (LGD) and exposure at default (EAD). These parameters are generally derived from internally developed statistical models combined with historical, current and forward-looking information, including macro-economic data. The 12-month and lifetime PD represent the expected point-in-time probability of a default over the next 12 months and remaining expected lifetime of the financial instrument, respectively, based on conditions existing at the balance sheet date and future economic conditions that affect credit risk. The LGD represents expected loss conditional on default, incorporating the mitigating effect of collateral, its expected value when realized and the time value of money. The EAD represents the expected exposure at default, factoring in the repayment of principal and interest from the balance sheet date to the default event together with any expected drawdown of a facility. Forward-Looking Information is incorporated into the measurement of the Group Allowance for Credit Losses in terms of adjustments to multi-year PD curves based on macro-economic forecasts. The Group’s ECL model is used to calculate the allowance for credit losses for all financial assets in Stage 1 and Stage 2, as well as for Stage 3 in the homogeneous portfolio (i.e. retail and small business loans with similar credit risk characteristics). For financial assets in the bank’s non-homogeneous portfolio in Stage 3 and for POCI assets, the allowance for credit losses is determined individually by credit officers. Significant increase in credit risk When determining whether the credit risk (i.e., risk of default) of a Financial Asset has increased significantly since initial recognition, the Group considers reasonable and supportable information that is relevant and available without undue cost or effort. This includes quantitative and qualitative information based on the Group’s historical experience, credit risk assessment and forward-looking information (including macro-economic factors