Company: TELO
Filing Date: 2025-11-20
Form Type: PREM14A
Source: 0001493152-25-024463
Chunk: 195

Company: Telomir Pharmaceuticals, Inc.
Filing Date: 2025-11-20
Form: PREM14A
Chunk 195
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 the light-sensitive layer at the back of the eye.

AMD is a common disorder and one of the leading causes of vision loss among older adults. While it doesn’t lead to complete blindness, the loss of central vision can make daily activities like recognizing faces, reading, driving, or performing detailed tasks such as cooking or repairs more difficult.

The progression of AMD varies from person to person; it may advance slowly over many years or worsen more rapidly. In its early stages, AMD may not cause noticeable vision changes, which is why regular eye examinations are essential for early detection and management.

Types and Stages of AMD

There are two main types of age-related macular degeneration (AMD): dryand wet.

Dry AMD

Dry AMD, also known as atrophic AMD, is the most common form. It occurs when the macula gradually thins with age. This type develops in three stages: early, intermediate, and late, and typically progresses slowly over several years. Although there is currently no cure for late-stage dry AMD, individuals can use various strategies and low-vision aids to maximize their remaining sight. If only one eye is affected, it’s important to take measures to protect the other eye from developing the disease.

Geographic Atrophy (GA) is an advanced form of dry age-related macular degeneration. The progressive, irreversible disease is characterized by the growth of lesions that destroy retinal cells leading to loss of vision. Under a microscope, the patchy lesions look like small geographic maps that get larger over time to create blind spots, hence the name of the condition.

Wet AMD

Wet AMD, also called neovascularor advanced AMD, is less common but more severe. It can cause rapid and significant loss of vision. Any stage of dry AMD can progress to wet AMD, but wet AMD itself is always a late-stagecondition. It occurs when abnormal blood vessels grow beneath the retina and leak fluid or blood, leading to damage in the macula. The positive news is that effective treatments are available to help slow progression and preserve vision in many cases.

1 https://www.macularsociety.org/diagnosis-treatment/treatments/

2 https://www.fightingblindness.ca/eyehealth/eye-diseases/age-related-macular-degeneration/

| Moore Financial Consulting |

| Teli.Valuation | November 2025Page 7 of 24 |

Causes of AMD

Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) develops due to a combination of aging, genetic, and environmental factor