Company: HURA
Filing Date: 2025-08-12
Form Type: S-1
Source: 0001193125-25-179009
Chunk: 92

Company: TuHURA Biosciences, Inc./NV
Filing Date: 2025-08-12
Form: S-1
Chunk 92
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 cancer-related genes and are released and captured by dendritic cells (“DCs”) for processing. In order for this step to lead to a tumor killing T cell response, it must be accompanied by signals that specify immunity, or otherwise tolerance to the tumor antigens will be induced. Such immunogenic signals might include proinflammatory cytokines and factors released by dying tumor cells. During the next step, DCs present the captured neoantigens on MHCI and MHCII molecules to T cells, resulting in the priming and activation of tumor cell killing or cytotoxic, T cell responses against these cancer-specific neoantigens, which are viewed as foreign. Finally, the activated cytotoxic T cells traffic to and infiltrate the tumor bed, specifically recognizing and binding to cancer cells through the interaction between its T cell receptor (“TCR”) and its cognate antigen bound to MHCI and kill their target cancer cell. Killing of the cancer cell releases additional tumor-associated neoantigens repeating the first step of the cancer-immunity cycle, to increase the breadth and depth of the response in subsequent revolutions of the cycle. In cancer patients, the cancer-immunity cycle does not perform optimally. In order for an innate response to be activated against a tumor, the tumor must appear foreign to the immune system. Tumor neoantigens may not be detected due to low neoantigen load or mutational burden, DCs and T cells may treat antigens as self rather than foreign thereby creating T regulatory cell responses rather than cytotoxic responses, T cells may not properly home to tumors, may be inhibited from infiltrating the tumor, or, importantly, factors in the tumor microenvironment might suppress those effector T cells that are produced. The goal of cancer immunotherapy is to initiate and reinitiate a self-sustaining cycle of cancer immunity, enabling it to amplify and propagate. 56

Source: Oncology Meets Immunology: The Cancer-Immunity Cycle, Immunity, Volume 39, July 2013

IFx Technology

The goal of cancer immunotherapies generally is to initiate an immune response to tumor neoantigens, which are the abnormal proteins that tumor-associated genetic mutations cause the cells to produce. There are a number of approaches that attempt to make a tumor look foreign to the immune system. The optimal cancer immunotherapy would make a patient’s entire tumor appear foreign and activate an innate immune response through the comprehensive and efficient packaging of tumor neoantigens which are presented to cytotoxic T