Company: RVRC
Filing Date: 2025-08-13
Form Type: S-1/A
Source: 0001213900-25-075747
Chunk: 99

Company: Revium Rx.
Filing Date: 2025-08-13
Form: S-1/A
Chunk 99
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 protein, allowing the development of a significant cellular
type of immune response against the SARS-CoV. For instance, Novavax Inc. (Gaithersburg, Maryland) used Matrix-M combination therapy recombinant
protein nanoparticle technology and the Sf9 system to develop the subunit vaccine candidate for SARS-CoV-2. The antigen in Clover Biopharmaceuticals
Inc.s’ (Shanghai, CN( S-Trimer vaccine is a recombinantly generated homotrimer of the full-length S-protein.

A protein subunit vaccine, also known as a
combination therapy recombinant vaccine, is assembled of virus components that enhance the human immune system without incorporating
virus particles into the body. In 2020, Russian Federation established recombinant adenovirus vectors of type 26 (rAd26) and type 5 (rAd5),
both of which carry the SARS-CoV-2 Spike protein gene. This vaccine was also shown to induce a strong cellular and humoral immune response.

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Other protein-based vaccines consist of virus-like
particles (VLPs), the recombinant proteins or supramolecular structures which may contain one or more copies of 10–200 nm nanoparticles
assembling viral proteins. Virus-like particles are created using structural proteins that have been recombinantly generated (VLPs). VLPs,
the S protein of SARS-CoV-2, facilitate host cell fusion via ACE2 receptor binding and priming via TMPRSS2, unlike in subunit vaccines
where VLPs seem to be unable to directly attach to B cell receptors to form the antibodies. The VLPs of SARS-CoV-2, which are derived
from genetically modified plants, have been shown to be effective in the production of neutralising antibodies. Gene-based vaccines (GBVs)
GBV encloses RNA, DNA, and the viral vector platforms and also each of them contributes peculiar advantages and disadvantages.

DNA vaccines, which are generally made up of a
plasmid vector that encodes a target vaccine molecule and can elicit longer period of cellular and humoral immunity, can be mass-produced
in large quantities. This type of vaccine does not require the use of live viruses and may be freeze-dried and stored for a long time
even though in underdeveloped countries, a major issue like power outages can be faced where some vaccine batches become inoperable. Through
DNA vaccines,