Company: APM
Filing Date: 2025-12-05
Form Type: 424B5
Source: 0001213900-25-118752
Chunk: 76

Company: Aptorum Group Ltd
Filing Date: 2025-12-05
Form: 424B5
Chunk 76
---
 to the Lead Projects and certain other drug candidates. In the future, we intend to file patent applications
on supplemental or improvement IP derived from the licensed technologies, where those IP would be solely or jointly owned by the Company
pursuant to the terms of respective license agreements. Filing patents covering multiple technologies in multiple countries is time-consuming
and expensive, and we may not have the resources file and prosecute all necessary or desirable patent applications in a timely manner.
It is also possible that we will fail to identify patentable aspects of our research and development output before it is too late to obtain
patent protection.

We cannot be certain that patents
will be issued or granted with respect to patent applications that are currently pending, or that issued or granted patents will not later
be found to be invalid or unenforceable.

The patent position of biotechnology
and pharmaceutical companies is generally uncertain because it involves complex legal and factual considerations. The standards applied
by the EPO, the U.S. Patent and Trademark Office, or USPTO, and foreign patent offices in granting patents are not always applied
uniformly or predictably. For example, there is no uniform worldwide policy regarding patentable subject matter or the scope of claims
allowable in biotechnology and pharmaceutical patents. Consequently, patents may not issue from our pending patent applications and even
if they do issue, such patents may not issue in a form that effectively prevents others from commercializing competing products. As such,
we do not know the degree of future protection that we will have on our proprietary products and technology.

Additionally, the
issuance of a patent is not conclusive as to its inventorship, scope, validity or enforceability, and our patents may be challenged
in the courts or patent offices in the United States and abroad. Even if patents do successfully issue and even if such patents
cover our drug candidates, other parties may initiate, for patents filed before March 16, 2013 (i.e., the enactment of the
America Invents Act), interference or re-examination proceedings, for patents filed on or after March 16, 2013, post-grant
review, inter partesreview, nullification or derivation proceedings, in court or before patent offices, or similar
proceedings challenging the validity, enforceability or scope of such patents, which may result in the patent claims being narrowed
or invalidated. Successful defense of its patents can constitute a material factor in a company’s expenses. According to an
article published by Blue