Company: PETVW
Filing Date: 2025-07-10
Form Type: 10-K
Source: 0001641172-25-018617
Chunk: 9

Company: PetVivo Holdings, Inc.
Filing Date: 2025-07-10
Form: 10-K
Item: Item 1
Chunk 9
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 common inflammatory joint disease in both dogs and horses, is a progressive condition that is caused by a deterioration of joint
cartilage. Over time, the joint cartilage deterioration creates joint stiffness from mechanical stress resulting in inflammation, pain,
and loss of range of motion, which may be referred to as lameness. Osteoarthritis joint stiffness and lameness worsen with time from
gradual cartilage degeneration and an ongoing loss of protective cushion and lubricity (i.e., loss of slippery padding). As there is
no cure for osteoarthritis, the various treatment methods are focused on managing the related symptoms of pain and inflammation. Veterinarians
recommend several treatments depending on the severity of the disease, including a combination of rest, weight loss, physical rehabilitation,
and a regimen of pain and anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs). Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) are used to alleviate the
pain and inflammation caused by OA, but long-term NSAIDs cause gastric problems. Moreover, NSAIDs do not treat the cartilage degeneration
issue to halt or slow progression of the OA condition.

The
Morris Animal Foundation estimates that OA affects approximately 14 million adult dogs in the U.S. and owners consistently report it
as a top concern.

8

Horse
Osteoarthritis (Lameness)

Equine
osteoarthritis is the most common cause of lameness in horses. Equine OA is expensive to manage,
with estimated annual costs as high as $10,000-15,000 per horse to diagnose, treat, and medicate, researchers found in one study as referenced
in the Horse – Equine Monthly.

As
noted previously, the American Horse Council reported the total number of horses owned by U.S. households was 7.2 million. According
to an annual National Equine Health Survey conducted in collaboration with the British Equine Veterinary Association in 2016, 26% of
horses suffered from lameness. As referenced in the Horse–Equine Monthly, studies show 60% of all lameness issues are related to
OA. Based on the above assumptions we calculate that there are approximately 1.1 million horses suffering from OA.

Distribution

Most
U.S. veterinarians buy a majority of their equipment and supplies from a preferred distributor. More than 75% of veterinarians name Covetrus
North America/Butler Schein Animal Health, Inc., Patterson Veterinary, MWI, Midwest