Company: APM
Filing Date: 2025-07-15
Form Type: DRS
Source: 0001213900-25-063899
Chunk: 260

Company: Aptorum Group Ltd
Filing Date: 2025-07-15
Form: DRS
Chunk 260
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 a service agreement with JADBio – Gnosis DA S.A (“JADBio”), a leading machine learning and AI tools provider, to use their machine learning based platform for analysis of our data and generation of additional algorithms, which are owned by DiamiR. |
| ● | DiamiR has completed several proof-of-principle studies and established the 24-miRNA panel of brain-enriched and inflammation-associated miRNAs detectable in plasma as promising biomarkers of neurodegeneration.                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                   |
| ● | DiamiR plans on initiating a clinical validation study to demonstrate the diagnostic performance of its assay using large cohorts of well-characterized clinical samples to satisfy CLIA and CAP requirements.                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                       |

Many of its plasma samples are stored in -80°C
freezers located at DiamiR laboratory and will be available to DiamiR when its clinical validation work begins. These freezers have temperature
control monitors and automated alarms capable of informing, including remotely, DiamiR lab personnel of any malfunctions and temperature
drops. DiamiR has multiple freezers available to it and can move samples if any freezer goes offline. Plasma samples stored at -80°C
remain stable and usable for years.

Offer well characterized protein biomarker tests. Over the past 15 years, significant progress has been made in the development of blood protein markers as valid diagnostic
markers for MCI and AD, and recently as surrogate markers for disease monitoring and therapeutic response measurements. These biomarkers
play critical roles in AD pathology and as such are useful diagnostic targets:

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Alzheimer’s disease is characterized by
the accumulation of extracellular amyloid β (Aβ) plaques, intraneuronal inclusions (neurofibrillary tangles) composed of truncated
and phosphorylated forms of the microtubule-stabilizing protein tau, dystrophic neurites, loss of synapses and neurons, and a prominent
gliosis that involves changes in the morphology and function of microglia and astrocytes. Currently, validated biomarkers exist for amyloid
pathology (Aβ positron emission tomography [PET] and the ratio of Aβ42 over Aβ40 peptides) and Aβ in cerebrospinal
fluid [CSF Aβ42/Aβ40]). Also, pTau-181 and pTau-217 proteins have been gaining attention as potential biomarkers of tau dysfunction/aggregation
and amyloid pathology