Company: ALCE
Filing Date: 2025-06-06
Form Type: 10-K
Source: 0001213900-25-052242
Chunk: 354

Company: Alternus Clean Energy, Inc.
Filing Date: 2025-06-06
Form: 10-K
Item: Item 1A
Chunk 354
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 of incorporation or our bylaws or any action asserting a claim against us that is governed by the internal affairs doctrine.
These choice of forum provisions may limit a stockholder’s ability to bring a claim in a judicial forum that it finds favorable
for disputes with us or our directors, officers or other employees and may discourage these types of lawsuits. This provision would not
apply to claims brought to enforce a duty or liability created by the Exchange Act or any other claim for which the federal
courts have exclusive jurisdiction. Our certificate of incorporation provides further that, to the fullest extent permitted by law, the
federal district courts of the United States will be the exclusive forum for resolving any complaint asserting a cause of action arising
under the Securities Act. However, Section 22 of the Securities Act provides that federal and state courts have concurrent jurisdiction
over lawsuits brought under the Securities Act or the rules and regulations thereunder. To the extent the exclusive forum provision
restricts the courts in which claims arising under the Securities Act may be brought, there is uncertainty as to whether a court
would enforce such a provision. We note that investors cannot waive compliance with the federal securities laws and the rules and regulations
thereunder. Furthermore, the enforceability of similar choice of forum provisions in other companies’ certificates of incorporation
has been challenged in legal proceedings and it is possible that a court could find these types of provisions to be inapplicable or unenforceable.
While the Delaware courts have determined that such choice of forum provisions are facially valid, a stockholder may nevertheless seek
to bring a claim in a venue other than those designated in the exclusive forum provisions and there can be no assurance that such provisions
will be enforced by a court in those other jurisdictions. If a court were to find the exclusive-forum provision contained in our certificate
of incorporation to be inapplicable or unenforceable in an action, we may incur additional costs associated with resolving such action
in other jurisdictions, which could harm its business.

Item 1B. Unresolved Staff Comments

None.

Item 1C. Cybersecurity

Alternus employs a strategic, multilayered approach
to cybersecurity based on the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) framework. The company maintains a dedicated internal
cybersecurity team that oversees the development, implementation, and continual improvement of cybersecurity policies, tools, and procedures
to identify, prevent, detect, respond to, and recover from evolving cyber threats