Company: MIRA
Filing Date: 2025-06-17
Form Type: PREM14A
Source: 0001641172-25-015340
Chunk: 191

Company: MIRA PHARMACEUTICALS, INC.
Filing Date: 2025-06-17
Form: PREM14A
Chunk 191
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 Beta-amyloid                                                               
 plaques and tau neurofibrillary tangles — hallmarks of Alzheimer’s disease |

| ■ | Lewy                                                                               
 bodies — abnormal protein aggregates associated with Parkinson’s disease, dementia 
 with Lewy bodies, and occasionally Alzheimer’s                                     |

| ■ | Cerebrovascular                                                       
 changes, such as small strokes or reduced blood flow in brain vessels |

Advanced imaging techniques have also revealed brain structure and function changes commonly associated with MCI, such as:

| ■ | Shrinking                                                   
 of the hippocampus, a region critical for memory processing |

| ■ | Enlarged                                                         
 brain ventricles, the fluid-filled spaces that cushion the brain |

| ■ | Reduced                                                                                      
 glucose metabolism in specific brain regions, indicating lower activity in areas responsible 
 for memory and thinking                                                                      |

These findings support the understanding of MCI as a complex, multifactorial condition, with both degenerative and vascular components potentially contributing to its development.

Complications of mild cognitive impairment include a higher risk — but not a certainty — of dementia. Overall, about 1% to 3% of older adults develop dementia every year. Studies suggest that around 10% to 15% of people with mild cognitive impairment go on to develop dementia each year 4.

Diagnosis of MCI

There is no single test that can definitively diagnose Mild Cognitive Impairment (MCI). Instead, the diagnosis is made through a comprehensive evaluation that includes medical history, clinical assessment, and cognitive testing. Most healthcare providers follow internationally recognized criteria established by expert panels. These include:

| ■ | Noticeable                                                                                   
 cognitive changes: Individuals with MCI often report issues with memory, planning, following 
 instructions, or making decisions. These concerns are typically confirmed by someone close   
 to the individual, such as a family member or friend.                                        |

4https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/mild-cognitive-impairment/symptoms-causes/syc-20354578

| Moore Financial Consulting |

| MIRA Pharmaceuticals, Inc. | April 2025    |
| Valuation                  | Page 14 of 28 |

| ■ | Documented                                                                                      
 decline over time: A detailed medical history helps establish that cognitive ability            
 has declined from a previous baseline. Input from close contacts helps verify this progression. |

| ■ | Preserved                                                                                    
 daily functioning: Although cognitive changes are present, individuals with MCI can continue 
 to perform daily activities independently. The condition does not interfere