Company: RVRC
Filing Date: 2025-02-14
Form Type: S-1
Source: 0001213900-25-013823
Chunk: 70

Company: Revium Rx.
Filing Date: 2025-02-14
Form: S-1
Chunk 70
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 subunit and RBD, proteins were identified as critical epitopes for generating neutralising antibodies as per computational analyses and studies on the viruses, SARS-CoV and MERS-CoV (Middle East Respiratory Syndrome-CoV). Antibodies against the RBD domain have early been shown protection against SARS and MERS-CoV infections, and the S1 epitope, containing both the RBD as well as N-terminal binding domain, NTD, has also been used to develop vaccines. A cluster of T cell epitope was discovered in the transmembrane part of the M protein, allowing the development of a significant cellular type of immune response against the SARS-CoV. For instance, Novavax Inc. (Gaithersburg, Maryland) used Matrix-M adjuvant recombinant protein nanoparticle technology and the Sf9 system to develop the subunit vaccine candidate for SARS-CoV-2. The antigen in Clover Biopharmaceuticals Inc.s’ (Shanghai, CN( S-Trimer vaccine is a recombinantly generated homotrimer of the full-length S-protein.

A protein subunit vaccine, also known as an adjuvanted recombinant vaccine, is assembled of virus components that enhance the human immune system without incorporating virus particles into the body. In 2020, Russian Federation established recombinant adenovirus vectors of type 26 (rAd26) and type 5 (rAd5), both of which carry the SARS-CoV-2 Spike protein gene. This vaccine was also shown to induce a strong cellular and humoral immune response.

Other protein-based vaccines consist of virus-like particles (VLPs), the recombinant proteins or supramolecular structures which may contain one or more copies of 10–200 nm nanoparticles assembling viral proteins. Virus-like particles are created using structural proteins that have been recombinantly generated (VLPs). VLPs, the S protein of SARS-CoV-2, facilitate host cell fusion via ACE2 receptor binding and priming via TMPRSS2, unlike in subunit vaccines where VLPs seem to be unable to directly attach to B cell receptors to form the antibodies. The VLPs of SARS-CoV-2, which are derived from genetically modified plants, have been shown to be effective in the production of neutralising antibodies. Gene-based vaccines (GBVs) GBV encloses RNA, DNA, and the viral vector platforms and also each of them contributes peculiar advantages and disadvantages.

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