Company: RVRC
Filing Date: 2025-02-14
Form Type: S-1
Source: 0001213900-25-013823
Chunk: 71

Company: Revium Rx.
Filing Date: 2025-02-14
Form: S-1
Chunk 71
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 5 | Solid                                                                                                                                
 Tumor Therapeutics Market Size by Cancer Type, by Drug Type,, Regions, Global Industry Analysis, Share, Growth, Trends, and Forecast 
 2024 to 2033”. The Brainy Insights,  January 2024                                                                                    |

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DNA vaccines, which are generally made up of a plasmid vector that encodes a target vaccine molecule and can elicit longer period of cellular and humoral immunity, can be mass-produced in large quantities. This type of vaccine does not require the use of live viruses and may be freeze-dried and stored for a long time even though in underdeveloped countries, a major issue like power outages can be faced where some vaccine batches become inoperable. Through DNA vaccines, immune responses are prompted against recombinant antigens encoded by genetically engineered DNA plasmids.

The immune system is able to recognize these foreign antigens generated by the host, resulting in a complete and adequate immunization. RNA-based vaccines invigorates the immunogen production via induction of both cellular and humoral immune responses. These vaccines also act on DNA based vaccine’s principle with an exception that there is no need of translocation to the nucleus for RNA transcription.

The display of viral proteins, such as the SARS-CoV-2 coat Spike protein, triggers humoral (neutralizing antibodies) and cellular responses that protect the recipient from the viral infection as well as from future infections. Thus, this approach requires both efficient mRNA delivery into target cells and the identification of suitable nucleic acid molecules that would trigger effective anti-viral immune response. BNT162b1, a lipid-soluble nanoparticles-based formulation containing mRNA encoding the S protein RBD trimer, was produced by Pfizer and BioNTech.

Viral vector vaccines consist of an often attenuated recombinant virus, designed to encode sequence of an antigen for host cell delivery for high level endogenous production of that antigen and thus induces elevated levels of cellular and humoral immune responses. These vaccines grant increased capabilities of gene transduction because of the natural host cell infection ability of the viruses and these are of replicating or non-replicating. They are constructed to transmit one or many antigens, as well as the capacity to load a big genome suggest that a wider range of vaccines might be developed.

Whole virus and protein vaccines are well-established platforms. Examples of whole virus, live attenuated vaccines are measles-mumps-rubella vaccine and rotavirus vaccine; inactivated vaccines