Company: APM
Filing Date: 2025-12-05
Form Type: 424B5
Source: 0001213900-25-118752
Chunk: 78

Company: Aptorum Group Ltd
Filing Date: 2025-12-05
Form: 424B5
Chunk 78
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, invalidated or held unenforceable,
which could limit our ability to stop or prevent us from stopping others from using or commercializing similar or identical technology
and drug and diagnostics technology candidates, or limit the duration of the patent protection of our technology and drug and diagnostics
technology candidates. Given the amount of time required for the development, testing and regulatory review of new drug and diagnostics
technology candidates, patents protecting such candidates might expire before or shortly after such candidates are commercialized. As
a result, our patent portfolio may not provide us with sufficient rights to exclude others from commercializing drug and diagnostics technology
candidates similar or identical to ours.

Further, the issuance, scope,
validity, enforceability and commercial value of our and our current or future licensors’ or collaboration partners’ patent
rights are highly uncertain. Our and our licensors’ pending and future patent applications may not result in patents being issued
which protect our technology or products, in whole or in part, or which effectively prevent others from commercializing competitive technologies
and products.

We may not be able to protect and enforce our IP rights throughout the world.

Our commercial success will
depend, in part, on our ability to maintain IP protection for our drug candidates in which we seek to develop and commercialize. While
we rely primarily upon a combination of patents, trademarks, trade secrets and other contractual obligations to protect the IP related
to our brands, products and other proprietary technologies, these legal means may afford only limited protection.

Filing and prosecuting patents
on drug candidates and defending the validity of the same (if challenged) in all countries throughout the world could be prohibitively
expensive for us, and our IP rights in countries outside the Major Patent Jurisdictions can be less extensive than those in the Major
Patent Jurisdictions. In addition, the laws of some countries in the rest of the world such as India do not protect IP rights to the same
extent as laws in the Major Patent Jurisdictions. Consequently, we may not be able to prevent other parties from practicing our inventions
in the rest of the world, despite our continued efforts in enforcing our IP rights through legal means. Competitors may use our technology
in jurisdictions where we have not or not yet obtained patent protection to develop their own drugs and further, may export otherwise
infringing drugs to non-U.S. jurisdictions where we have patent protection.

Our, our licensors’ or
collaboration partners’ patent applications cannot be enforced against other parties practicing the technology claimed in such