Company: CMA
Filing Date: 2025-02-24
Form Type: 10-K
Source: 0000028412-25-000108
Chunk: 196

Company: COMERICA INC
Filing Date: 2025-02-24
Form: 10-K
Item: Item 8
Chunk 196
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 business unit managers, as well as managers responsible for technology, cybersecurity, information security and enterprise risk management, oversees technology risk. The Technology Risk Committee also ensures that appropriate actions are implemented in business units to mitigate risk to an acceptable level.

Compliance Risk

Compliance risk represents the risk of sanctions or financial loss resulting from the Corporation's failure to comply with all applicable laws, regulations and standards of good banking practice. The impact of such risks is highly interdependent with strategic risk, as the reputational impact from compliance failures can be severe. Activities which may expose the Corporation to compliance risk include, but are not limited to, those dealing with the prevention of money laundering, privacy and data protection, community reinvestment initiatives, fair lending, consumer protection, employment and tax matters, over-the-counter derivative activities and other regulated activities.

The Enterprise-Wide Compliance Committee, comprising senior and executive business unit managers, as well as managers responsible for compliance, audit and overall risk, oversees compliance risk. This enterprise-wide approach provides a consistent view of compliance across the organization. The Enterprise-Wide Compliance Committee also ensures that appropriate actions are implemented in business units to mitigate risk to an acceptable level.

Strategic Risk

Strategic risk represents the risk of inadequate returns or possible losses due to impairment of reputation, failure to fully develop and execute business plans, failure to assess current and new opportunities in business, markets and products, failure to determine appropriate consideration for risks accepted, and any other event not identified in the defined risk categories of credit, market and liquidity, operational, technology or compliance risks. Mitigation of the various risk elements that represent strategic risk is achieved through numerous metrics and initiatives to help the Corporation better understand, measure and report on such risks. 

F-35

CRITICAL ACCOUNTING ESTIMATES

The Corporation’s consolidated financial statements are prepared based on the application of accounting policies, the most significant of which are described in Note 1. These policies require numerous estimates and strategic or economic assumptions, which may prove inaccurate or subject to variations. Changes in underlying factors, assumptions or estimates could have a material impact on the Corporation’s future financial condition and results of operations. At December 31, 2024, the most critical of these estimates related to the allowance for credit losses, fair value measurement, pension plan accounting and income taxes. These estimates were reviewed with the Audit Committee of the Corporation’s Board of Directors and are discussed more fully below.

ALLOWANCE FOR CREDIT LOSSES

In accordance with CECL, the allowance for credit losses, which includes both the