Company: JUPGF
Filing Date: 2025-07-25
Form Type: DRS/A
Source: 0001641172-25-021053
Chunk: 65

Company: ATLAS CRITICAL MINERALS Corp
Filing Date: 2025-07-25
Form: DRS/A
Chunk 65
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, dysprosium, lutetium, scandium, and yttrium.

Through
strategic investments and export controls, China has cemented its influence over critical mineral supply chains, representing a significant
challenge to the U.S. economy and security.

Rare Earths Elements

Overview

Rare earth elements, or simply “rare
earths”, are a group of 17 chemically similar elements that include the 15 lanthanides, along with scandium and yttrium. These
elements are not particularly rare in terms of abundance in the Earth’s crust; however, they are rarely found in economically
exploitable concentrations. Rare earths are crucial for a variety of modern technologies due to their unique properties, which allow
them to enhance the performance of materials and devices. They are used in the production of strong permanent magnets, phosphors for
lighting and displays, catalysts in petroleum refining, and in various electronic devices, including smartphones and electric
vehicles.

China is the dominant player in the global
rare earths market, holding the largest reserves and controlling a significant portion of the processing capacity. According to the
U.S. Geological Survey, China possesses approximately 44 million metric tons of rare earth reserves, which accounts for a
substantial share of the world’s total. Other countries with notable reserves include Brazil, with 21 million metric tons;
India, with 6.9 million metric tons; and Australia, with 5.7 million metric tons. Despite these reserves, many countries struggle to
compete with China’s established supply chain and processing capabilities, which have been developed over decades. As a
result, China has maintained a near-monopoly on the processing of rare earths, representing over 90% of the global supply. Rare
earths have been on the list of minerals considered critical to the economic and national security of the United States since first
published by the U.S. Department of the Interior on May 18, 2018.

The uses of rare earths are extensive and critical
to various industries. In the renewable energy sector, rare earths are essential for manufacturing high-performance magnets used in wind turbines
and electric vehicles. For instance, neodymium and dysprosium are key components in the production of strong permanent magnets that improve
the efficiency and durability of these technologies. Additionally, rare earths are used in the production of catalysts for refining
petroleum, which is vital for the energy sector, as well as in the manufacturing