Company: APM
Filing Date: 2025-04-30
Form Type: 20-F
Source: 0001213900-25-037669
Chunk: 108

Company: Aptorum Group Ltd
Filing Date: 2025-04-30
Form: 20-F
Item: Item 4
Chunk 108
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 products that may be able to attain orphan drug designation and/or satisfy current unmet medical needs. We have selected innovations for devel...  
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  Collaborating with leading academic institutions and CROs. In building and developing our product portfolio, we believe that accessing external innovation, expertise and technology through coll...  
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  Obtaining and leveraging government grants to fund project development. Governments across the world pays close attention to the development of the biotechnology sector and provides support and...  

Arrangements with Other Parties

As mentioned above, part of
our business model includes collaborating with research entities such as academic institutions and CROs, as well as highly regarded experts
in their respective fields. We engage these entities and researchers either for purposes of exploring new innovations or advancing preclinical
studies of our existing licensed drug candidates. Although the financial cost of these arrangements does not represent a material expense
to the Company, the relationships we can access through, specifically, sponsored research arrangements (“ SRAs”) with academic
institutions and organizations can provide significant value for our business; for example, we may decide whether to continue development
of certain early-staged projects and/or out-license a project based on the data and results from research governed by SRAs. However, as
of the date of this annual report, we do not consider the particulars of any of our SRAs to be material to the success of our current
business plans.

Our drug discovery programs
are based upon licenses from universities and are mainly conducted in universities via SRAs. As for the development of our drug candidates,
our R& D Center conducts part of the CMC work. However, since our current facilities are not cGMP, cGLP or cGCP qualified, we will
have to rely on CROs to conduct that type of work, if and when our drug candidates reach the level of development that requires such qualification.

Lead Projects

We are operating and managing
the development of our drug candidates through various subsidiaries. Each candidate is being researched in a subsidiary with a medical/scientific
area of focus related to the drug candidate in development. We refer to these as our “ Project Companies” and their products
or areas of focus as our Lead Projects (i