Company: JUPGF
Filing Date: 2025-05-02
Form Type: DRS
Source: 0001641172-25-008279
Chunk: 60

Company: ATLAS CRITICAL MINERALS Corp
Filing Date: 2025-05-02
Form: DRS
Chunk 60
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 export permit requirements for graphite products, directly affecting U.S. imports.

China implemented an outright ban on exporting antimony to the U.S.in December 2024 and prices in the U.S. increased 250%. China produces approximately 48% of global antimony.

China also implemented an outright ban on exporting germanium to the U.S.in December 2024. China produces approximately 60% of global germanium.

China also implemented an outright ban on exporting gallium to the U.S.in December 2024. China produces approximately 98% of global gallium.

On April 4, 2025, China unveiled export controls on seven critical rare earth elements - samarium, gadolinium, terbium, dysprosium, lutetium, scandium, and yttrium.

Through
strategic investments and export controls, China has cemented its influence over critical mineral supply chains, representing a significant
challenge to the U.S. economy and security.

Rare Earths Elements

Overview

Rare earth elements, or simply “rare
earths”, are a group of 17 chemically similar elements that include the 15 lanthanides, along with scandium and yttrium. These
elements are not particularly rare in terms of abundance in the Earth’s crust; however, they are rarely found in economically
exploitable concentrations. Rare earths are crucial for a variety of modern technologies due to their unique properties, which allow
them to enhance the performance of materials and devices. They are used in the production of strong permanent magnets, phosphors for
lighting and displays, catalysts in petroleum refining, and in various electronic devices, including smartphones and electric
vehicles.

China is the dominant player in the global
rare earths market, holding the largest reserves and controlling a significant portion of the processing capacity. According to the
U.S. Geological Survey, China possesses approximately 44 million metric tons of rare earth reserves, which accounts for a
substantial share of the world’s total. Other countries with notable reserves include Brazil, with 21 million metric tons;
India, with 6.9 million metric tons; and Australia, with 5.7 million metric tons. Despite these reserves, many countries struggle to
compete with China’s established supply chain and processing capabilities, which have been developed over decades. As a
result, China has maintained a near-monopoly on the processing of rare earths, representing over 90% of the global supply. Rare
earths