Company: EUDAW
Filing Date: 2025-04-29
Form Type: 20-F
Source: 0001641172-25-006627
Chunk: 46

Company: EUDA Health Holdings Ltd
Filing Date: 2025-04-29
Form: 20-F
Item: Item 5
Chunk 46
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 marketing
expenses as management initiated its operating strategy to minimizing its marketing related expenses during the year ended December 31,
2023 as compared to 2022.

A
decrease of approximately $1.6 million in general and administrative expenses was mainly attributable to the decrease of provision of
credit losses of approximately $2.7 million offset by the increase of approximately $1.0 million in professional fees in 2023 as compared
to the same period in 2022 and the increase of approximately $0.1 million in other G& A expenses such as management salary and office
expenses. In 2022, we wrote off approximately $2.2 million of the uncollectible balance of receivable
from divestment from PT Bumi Lestari Berkah Melimpah, an unrelated third party and the balance from loan to PT total Prima Indonesia
as we determined these balances will not be recovered in the future. We did not have such write-off during 2023. The increase in legal
fees of $1.0 million is mainly due to the public listing expenses incurred related to becoming a U. S. publicly traded listing company
during 2023.

A
decrease of approximately $5.2 million earnout share payment was attributable to the 4.0 million earnout shares issued for the year ended
December 31, 2022 whereas no earnout shares were issued for the year ended December 31, 2023.

A
decrease of approximately $1.1 million in impairment loss on long-lived assets as the goodwill and intangible assets recognized through
acquisition of Super Gateway Group Limited in January 2020 was fully impaired for the year ended December 31, 2022. We did not have any
intangible assets for impairment in 2023.

  31  

Other
Expenses, Net

Our
other expense, net is summarized as follows:

                                                                    For the Year                      For the Year                            Change                               
                                                                    Ended                             Ended                                                                        
                                                                    December 31,                      December 31, 2022                                                            
                                                                                                                                                                                   
                                                                    2023                                                                                                           
 ───────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
  Other expense, net                                                                                                                                                               
  Interest expense, net                                             $                    (23,225      $                      (93,782          $               (70,557       (75.2  
  Change in fair value of prepaid forward purchase liabilities