Company: GHRS
Filing Date: 2025-02-27
Form Type: 20-F
Source: 0001140361-25-006175
Chunk: 15

Company: GH Research PLC
Filing Date: 2025-02-27
Form: 20-F
Item: Item 4
Chunk 15
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 and hypertension. Research conducted in 2018 and published in the Journal of Affective Disorders suggests that the proportion of patients suffering with TRD attempting suicide at least once during their lifetime could be as high as 30%.
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According to a report published in the Journal of Affective Disorders, direct medical costs are approximately two- to threefold higher for TRD patients compared to non-TRD MDD patients. TRD patients have higher prescriptions costs, require more doctor visits and experience increased rates of hospitalization. They also have, on average, twice the number of inpatient visits compared with non-TRD MDD patients and their hospital stays are approximately 36% longer on average, according to an article published in the Journal of Clinical Psychiatry.
Existing Therapies for Depression
 
Because depression has a diverse set of biological, social, psychological, environmental, genetic and stress-related determinants, many of which co-occur, treatment options are wide-ranging and often combined. Current pharmacological and non-pharmacological treatments are efficacious only for a subset of MDD patients, and many patients do not respond or experience relapses. Clinicians lack high-quality evidence of whether certain therapies are suitable for certain patients and often rely on a lengthy trial-and-error approach, course-correcting as patients experience relapses or difficult side effects.
Pharmacotherapies
 
There are five main categories of antidepressants available. These are:
 
 
  1.    selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors, or SSRIs;
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  2.    serotonin-norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors, or SNRIs;
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  3.    atypical antidepressants;
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  4.    monoamine oxidase inhibitors, or MAOIs; and
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  5.    tricyclic antidepressants, or TCAs.
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Antidepressants are frequently used in first- and second-line treatment of depression and can also be used after this point. As observed in the STAR*D study, only about 37% of patients achieve a remission with their initial antidepressant treatment. Failure rates of subsequent treatment regimens increase dramatically. For example, according to the STAR*D study, once patients have failed two lines of prior therapies, only about 14% of patients achieve a remission with their third antidepressant treatment, and less than 5% stay in remission for one year.
 
The current main categories of antidepressants have significant additional limitations,