Company: PFSA
Filing Date: 2025-09-17
Form Type: S-1/A
Source: 0001213900-25-088333
Chunk: 81

Company: Profusa, Inc.
Filing Date: 2025-09-17
Form: S-1/A
Chunk 81
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 a patent claim, a third party could potentially provide evidence in a USPTO proceeding sufficient for the USPTO to hold a claim invalid even though the same evidence would be insufficient to invalidate the claim if first presented in a district court action. Accordingly, a third party may attempt to use the USPTO procedures to invalidate our patent claims that would not have been invalidated if first challenged by the third party as a defendant in a district court action. The AIA and its implementation could increase the uncertainties and costs surrounding the prosecution of our patent applications and the enforcement or defense of our issued patents. Additionally, the U.S. Supreme Court has ruled on several patent cases in recent years, such as Impression Products, Inc. v. Lexmark International, Inc., Association for Molecular Pathology v. Myriad Genetics, Inc., Mayo Collaborative Services v. Prometheus Laboratories, Inc.and Alice Corporation Pty. Ltd. v. CLS Bank International, either narrowing the scope of patent protection available in certain circumstances or weakening the rights of patent owners in certain situations. In addition to increasing uncertainty with regard to our ability to obtain patents in the future, this combination of events has created uncertainty with respect to the value of patents, once obtained. Depending on actions by the U.S. Congress and decisions by the federal courts and the USPTO, the laws and regulations governing patents could change in unpredictable ways that could weaken our ability to obtain new patents or to enforce our existing patents and patents that we might obtain in the future. 47 Several inventions covered by our patent portfolio were made using U.S. government funding. The U.S. government has an irrevocable, non-exclusive, royalty-free license to use such other inventions. U.S. government grant funding was used in the inventions covered by four U.S. patents and two pending U.S. patent applications in Profusa’s patent portfolio. As a result of this funding, the government is granted an irrevocable, non -exclusive, royalty -freelicense to use these patents/applications. The government’s ability to practice the inventions described in these patents/applications is limited to practice for or on behalf of the United States. However, the license can be used to allow a third party to practice the invention solely for the government’s benefit. In some circumstances, the U.S. government agency that provided the grants has the right to “march -in” and require Profusa to license its invention to a third party. These circumstances are as follows: (a) the inventing party