Company: APM
Filing Date: 2025-12-05
Form Type: 424B5
Source: 0001213900-25-118752
Chunk: 225

Company: Aptorum Group Ltd
Filing Date: 2025-12-05
Form: 424B5
Chunk 225
---
 strategy and our proposed clinical development plan for Phase 1/2 trials.

Patent License

In January 2022, the US
Patent and Trademark Office granted the first patent regarding Aptorum’s SACT-1 (through Aptorum’s subsidiary) repurposed
drug for the treatment of various cancers including but not limited to neuroblastoma (US Patent 11,166,952 B2). Another US patent (US
Patent 11,571,422) was granted in February 2023, and altogether the SACT-1 patent portfolio has Nine (9) active national phase
patent applications all over the world.

<div align='center'>124</div>

Statistical Significance

The term statistical significance
is to define the probability that a measured difference between two groups (e.g. two treatment groups, treatment versus control groups)
is the result of a real difference in the tested variations and not the result of chance. It means that the result of a test does not
appear randomly or by chance, but because of a specific change that is tested, so it can be attributed to a specific cause.

The confidence level indicates
to what percentage the test results will not commit a type 1 error, the false positive. A false positive occurs when a change in the result
is due to randomness (or other noise) and not the change in variations. At a 95% confidence level (p = 0.05), there is a 5% chance that
the test results are due to a type 1 error. 95% has become the standard and usually be the minimum confidence level for the tests. To
make the test more stringent, a 99% confidence level (p = 0.01) is also commonly employed, which means that there is a 1% chance that
the test results are due to a type 1 error.

In other words, a p value represents
the confidence level. For example, if the p-value for a test is < 0.05, it means that there is less than 5% chance the difference between
two groups is due to random error or by chance. If the p-value is < 0.01, it means that there is less than 1% chance the difference
between two groups is due to random error or by chance.

We employed statistical testing
to compare different treatment groups in animal studies simply for proof of concept and to aid internal decision making for further development.
We do not