Company: APM
Filing Date: 2025-12-05
Form Type: 424B5
Source: 0001213900-25-118752
Chunk: 81

Company: Aptorum Group Ltd
Filing Date: 2025-12-05
Form: 424B5
Chunk 81
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 be expensive, time-consuming and unsuccessful. Our patent rights relating to our drug and diagnostics technology candidates could be found invalid or unenforceable if challenged in court or before the USPTO or comparable non-U.S. authority.

Competitors may infringe our
patent rights or misappropriate or otherwise violate our IP rights. To counter infringement or unauthorized use, litigation may be necessary
in the future to enforce or defend our IP rights, to protect our trade secrets or determine the validity and scope of our own IP rights
or the proprietary rights of others. This can be expensive and time-consuming. Any claim that we assert against perceived infringers could
also provoke these parties to assert counterclaims against us alleging that we infringe their IP rights. Many of our current and potential
competitors have the ability to dedicate substantially greater resources to enforce and/or defend their IP rights than we can. Accordingly,
despite our efforts, we may not be able to prevent other parties from infringing upon or misappropriating our IP. Litigation could
result in substantial costs and diversion of management resources, which could harm our business and financial results. In addition, in
an infringement proceeding, a court may decide that patent rights or other IP rights owned by us are invalid or unenforceable, or may
refuse to stop the other party from using the technology at issue on the grounds that our patent rights or other IP rights do not cover
the technology in question. An adverse result in any litigation proceeding could put our patent, as well as any patents that may issue
in the future from our pending patent applications, at risk of being invalidated, held unenforceable or interpreted narrowly. Furthermore,
because of the substantial amount of discovery required in connection with IP litigation, there is risk that some of our confidential
information could be compromised by disclosure during this type of litigation.

If we initiate legal proceedings
against another party to enforce our patent, or any patents that may be issued in the future from our patent applications, that relates
to one of our drug and diagnostics technology candidates, the defendant could counterclaim that such patent rights are invalid or unenforceable.
In patent litigation in the United States, defendant counterclaims alleging invalidity or unenforceability are commonplace, and there
are numerous grounds upon which another party can assert invalidity or unenforceability of a patent. Parties may also raise similar claims
before administrative bodies in the United States or abroad, even outside the context of litigation. Such mechanisms include ex parte