Company: APM
Filing Date: 2025-11-17
Form Type: F-1
Source: 0001213900-25-111548
Chunk: 281

Company: Aptorum Group Ltd
Filing Date: 2025-11-17
Form: F-1
Chunk 281
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ATCHED CONTROL

| In studies conducted with plasma samples collected                                                                                      
 at Roskamp Institute, Sarasota, FL, miR-132 and miR-134 biomarker families detecting clinically diagnosed MCI with up to 0.95 accuracy  
 (n=60) were identified. The data were replicated in an independent cohort of samples (n=100). Progression from a normal cognitive state 
 to MCI was predicted with 0.84 accuracy 1 – 5 years prior to clinical diagnosis (n=19).                                                 
 (Aging, 2012, 4:590;                                                                                                                    
 Aging, 2013, 5:925)                                                                                                                     |

170 DIFFERENTIATION OF AD FROM OTHER NEURODEGENERATIVE DISEASES

| In a study conducted with samples collected at                                                                                                        
 the University of Pennsylvania, miRNA pairs and classifiers differentiated AD/PD/FTD/ALS from controls (n=250) with accuracies of 0.89/0.90/0.88/0.83 
 (AUCs: 0.96/0.96/0.94/0.93); and NDs from each other with accuracy/AUC ranging from 0.77/0.87 for AD vs. FTD to 0.93/0.98 for AD vs. ALS. The         
 data indicated sex-related effects of some miRNA markers; the average increase in accuracy in distinguishing ND from control for all and              
 male/female groups was .06.                                                                                                                           
 (Alzheimer’s                                                                                                                                          
 Research & Therapy, 2017, 9:89)                                                                                                                       |

PREDICTION OF PROGRESSION IN SEX-STRATIFIED GROUPS

| In                                                                                                                                    
 a study conducted with plasma samples collected at Washington University, St Louis, MO, miRNA pairs differentiated asymptomatic study 
 participants, with CDR 0 at the time of blood collection, who would progress to MCI (“progressors”, n=42, on average 6 years)         
 from those who would remain cognitively normal (“non-progressors”, n=42) with an accuracy/AUC of 0.75/0.79. Both “progressor”         
 and “non-progressor” groups included amyloid-positive and amyloid-negative participants as determined by CSF Aβ.                      
 Considering sex as a biological variable increased the accuracy/AUC to 0.85/0.88 (male) and 0