Company: CPSS
Filing Date: 2025-03-12
Form Type: 10-K
Source: 0001683168-25-001548
Chunk: 326

Company: CONSUMER PORTFOLIO SERVICES, INC.
Filing Date: 2025-03-12
Form: 10-K
Item: Item 1B
Chunk 326
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ivables on a level yield basis using that internal rate of return as the applicable
interest rate. Cash received with respect to such receivables is applied first against such interest income, and then to reduce the recorded
value of the receivables.

We re-evaluate the fair value
of such receivables at the close of each measurement period. If the re-evaluation were to yield a value materially different from the
recorded value, an adjustment, which we also refer to as a mark, would be required. Results for the years ended December 31, 2024 and
2023 include marks of $21.0 and $12.0 million, respectively, to the carrying value of the portion of the receivables portfolio accounted
for at fair value. The marks are estimates based on our evaluation of the appropriate fair value and future earnings rate of existing
receivables compared to recently acquired receivables and increases or decreases in our estimates of future net losses.

Anticipated credit losses are included in our
estimation of cash to be received with respect to receivables. In accordance with the fair value accounting standards, credit losses are
included in our computation of the appropriate level yield, therefore we do not thereafter make periodic provision for credit losses,
as our best estimate of the lifetime aggregate of credit losses is included in that initial computation. Also, because we include anticipated
credit losses in our computation of the level yield, the computed level yield is materially lower than the average contractual rate applicable
to the receivables. Because our initial recorded value is fixed as the price we pay for the receivable, rather than as the contractual
principal balance, we do not record acquisition fees as an amortizing asset related to the receivables, nor do we capitalize costs of
acquiring the receivables. Rather we recognize the costs of acquisition as expenses in the period incurred.

Term Securitizations

Our term securitization structure has generally
been as follows:

We sell automobile contracts
we acquire to a wholly-owned special purpose subsidiary, which has been established for the limited purpose of buying and reselling our
automobile contracts. The special-purpose subsidiary then transfers the same automobile contracts to another entity, typically a statutory
trust. The trust issues interest-bearing asset-backed securities, in a principal amount equal to or less than the aggregate principal
balance of the automobile contracts. We typically sell these automobile contracts to the trust at face value and without recourse, except
that representations and warranties similar