Company: TEN-PE
Filing Date: 2025-04-11
Form Type: 20-F
Source: 0001193125-25-079101
Chunk: 58

Company: TSAKOS ENERGY NAVIGATION LTD
Filing Date: 2025-04-11
Form: 20-F
Item: Item 4
Chunk 58
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 of 400 gross tonnage and above, and certified to carry more than 15 persons to have systems and controls in place to deal with human sewage, for governments to have port reception facilities, and a requirement for survey and certification. Annex IV prohibits the discharge of sewage into the sea, except when the ship has an approved sewage treatment plant in operation or when the ship is discharging comminuted and disinfected sewage using an approved system at a distance of three nautical miles from the nearest land.

  iii.      MARPOL Annex VI  

In September 1997, the IMO adopted Annex VI to MARPOL to address air pollution from ships. Annex VI came into force on May 19, 2005. It set limits on sulfur oxide and nitrogen oxide (“ NOx”) emissions from ship exhausts and prohibited deliberate emissions of ozone depleting substances, such as chlorofluorocarbons. Annex VI also included a global cap on the sulfur content of fuel oil and allowed for the designation of special areas known as Emission Control Areas (“ ECAs”) where more stringent controls on sulfur emissions would apply (discussed below in "IMO Emission Control Areas"). Annex VI has been ratified by some, but not all IMO member states. All vessels subject to Annex VI and built after May 19, 2005 must carry an International Air Pollution Prevention (“ IAPP”) Certificate evidencing compliance with Annex VI. In October 2008, the Marine Environment Protection Committee (“ MEPC”) of the IMO adopted amendments to Annex VI regarding particulate matter, NOx and sulfur oxide emissions standards. These amendments, which entered into force in July 2010, seek to reduce air pollution from vessels by establishing a series of progressive standards to further limit the sulfur content in fuel oil, which were fully phased in at the beginning of 2020, and by establishing three tiers of NOx emission standards for new marine diesel engines, depending on their date of installation. Additionally, more stringent emission standards apply in ECAs. The U. S. ratified the amendments in October 2008. Annex VI was implemented in the U. S. through the Act to Prevent Pollution from Ships (“ APPS”). Annex VI, APPS and implementing regulations promulgated by the U. S. Environmental Protection Agency (“ EPA”) under the Clean Air Act (“ CAA”) impose engine-based and fuel-based standards that apply to U. S. flagged ships wherever located, and to non-U. S. flagged ships operating in U. S. waters,