Company: JUNS
Filing Date: 2025-11-26
Form Type: S-1
Source: 0001493152-25-025204
Chunk: 135

Company: JUPITER NEUROSCIENCES, INC.
Filing Date: 2025-11-26
Form: S-1
Chunk 135
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 Chief Financial Officer.

Recent Developments

Note payable, related party

On October 1, 2025, the Company repaid in full
the unsecured, on demand working capital loan from its Chief Executive Officer, which accrued interest at 3% per annum. The repayment
consisted of the outstanding principal balance of $146,432 and accrued but unpaid interest of $4,350, for an aggregate payment of $150,782.
Following the repayment, no amounts remained outstanding under the loan.

Standby Equity Purchase Agreement and Pre-Paid Advances with Yorkville

On October 24, 2025, the Company entered into
the SEPA and related Registration Rights Agreement with Yorkville, providing the Company the right, but not the obligation, to sell up
to $20.0 million of common stock from time to time, subject to customary conditions, including an effective resale registration statement.
See “The Standby Equity Agreement.”

Critical Accounting Policies

Basis of Presentation

The financial statements of
the Company have been prepared in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles in the United States of America (“U.S.
GAAP”).

Business Segments

The Company uses the “management
approach” to identify its reportable segments. The management approach requires companies to report segment financial information
consistent with information used by management for making operating decisions and assessing performance as the basis for identifying the
Company’s reportable segments. The Company has identified two reportable operating segments, which consist of our pharmaceutical
operations and premium supplements operations.

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Use of Estimates

Preparing financial statements
in conformity with U.S. GAAP requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities
and the disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the financial statements and revenues and expenses during the reported
period. Actual results could differ from those estimates, and those estimates may be material.

Changes in estimates are recorded
in the period in which they become known. The Company bases its estimates on historical experience and other assumptions, which include
both quantitative and qualitative assessments that it believes to be reasonable under the circumstances.

Significant estimates during
the years ended December 31, 2024 and 2023, respectively, include valuation of stock-based compensation, uncertain tax positions, and
the valuation allowance on deferred tax assets.

Research and Development

Research
and development costs are expensed as incurred. Costs for certain development activities, such as clinical trials, are recognized based
on an evaluation of the