Company: CMND
Filing Date: 2025-12-05
Form Type: F-1/A
Source: 0001213900-25-118772
Chunk: 141

Company: Clearmind Medicine Inc.
Filing Date: 2025-12-05
Form: F-1/A
Chunk 141
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| ● | Recurrent alcohol use in situations in which it is physically hazardous. |

| ● | Alcohol use is continued despite knowledge of having a persistent or recurrent physical or psychological problem that is likely to have been caused or exacerbated by alcohol. |

| ● | Tolerance, as defined by either of the following: |

| o | A need for markedly increased amounts of alcohol to achieve intoxication or desired effect. |

| o | A markedly diminished effect with continued use of the same amount of alcohol. |

Excessive alcohol use is costly, as described by the graphic below: “Excessive Drinking is Draining the U.S. Economy:” According to the CDC, the cost of excessive alcohol uses in the United States reached $249 billion in 2010, which equates to about $2.05 per drink consumed, and $807 per person. There are limited pharmacological agents available to treat AUD. Below are the main treatments available today for AUD: Antabuse (disulfiram) was the first medicine approved by the FDA for the treatment of alcohol use and alcohol dependence. It works by causing a severe adverse reaction when someone taking the medication consumes alcohol. Most people who take it will vomit after a drink of alcohol. This, in turn, is thought to create a deterrent to drinking. Disulfiram was first developed in the 1920s for use in manufacturing processes. The alcohol-aversive effects of Antabuse were first recorded in the 1930s. Workers in the vulcanized rubber industry who were exposed to tetraethylthiuram disulfide became ill after drinking alcohol. In 1948, Danish researchers trying to find treatments for parasitic stomach infections discovered the alcohol-related effects of disulfiram when they too became ill after drinking alcohol. The researchers began a new set of studies on using disulfiram to treat alcohol dependence. Shortly thereafter, the FDA approved disulfiram to treat alcoholism. It was first manufactured by Wyeth-Ayerst Laboratories under the brand name Antabuse. Initially, disulfiram was given in larger dosages to produce aversion conditioning to alcohol by making the patients very sick if they drank. Later, after many reported severe reactions (including some deaths), Antabuse was administered in smaller dosages to support alcohol abstinence. In addition to disulfiram, other drugs have been used to try to curb alcoholism, such as naltrexone, naloxone and nalmefene. 86 Naltrexone