Company: REVB
Filing Date: 2025-05-20
Form Type: S-1
Source: 0001213900-25-045828
Chunk: 99

Company: REVELATION BIOSCIENCES, INC.
Filing Date: 2025-05-20
Form: S-1
Chunk 99
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 with no prior CKD develop post operative AKI with a high mortality rate. The average cost to treat AKI is about $42,600 and results in an approximate 4-7 day increase in hospitalization duration (Lysak 2017). In this surgical setting, ischemia may be initiated intentionally, such as during a procedure that requires cardiopulmonary bypass. Alternatively, ischemia may be the unintentional result of an untoward complication such as intraoperative hypotension. Regardless of etiology, the ischemic event initially leaves the affected area(s) deprived of blood, oxygen, and other nutrients which then can exacerbate to injury when the blood supply returns to the site along with reactive oxygen species and other constituents that cause oxidative stress to the tissues. There are no approved therapies for preventing AKI, including AKI due to cardiac surgery. Chronic Kidney Disease Overview Organ damage, due to chronic disease, is a pervasive problem in the United States and world-wide. Organ disease (due to chronic inflammation and subsequent fibrosis, for example) is progressive and ultimately results in loss of function of the organ. Examples of chronic organ and tissue disease include CKD through end-stage renal disease, liver diseases such as non-alcoholic steatohepatitis, osteoarthritis, rheumatoid arthritis, pulmonary fibrotic disease, heart disease, pancreatitis, cancer, and irritable bowel syndrome. Kidney disease is a major public health problem, affecting ~10% of populations in industrialized countries. AKI, which affects 13.3 million people per year, may lead to CKD. Both AKI and CKD are increasing worldwide. Progression of chronic kidney damage often leads to end stage renal disease with the need for renal replacement therapy (dialysis or transplantation), resulting in significant morbidity and mortality for affected patients. 58 CKD can be initiated and propagated in several ways. One prevalent condition is the high blood sugar levels associated with diabetes (either Type 1 or Type 2). High blood sugar is toxic to kidney cells creating stress which imitates the inflammatory process leading to the demise of these cells with subsequent fibrosis ultimately resulting in continuous loss of kidney function over time. High arterial blood pressure is another source of stress that initiates the inflammatory process leading to CKD. Other risk factors include heart disease, obesity family history of CKD or older age. Other causes for CKD include: Glomerulonephritis (inflammation in the glomerulus), polycystic