Company: APM
Filing Date: 2025-12-05
Form Type: 424B5
Source: 0001213900-25-118752
Chunk: 79

Company: Aptorum Group Ltd
Filing Date: 2025-12-05
Form: 424B5
Chunk 79
---
 applications
unless and until a patent issues from such applications, and then only to the extent the issued claims cover the technology. In addition,
patents and other IP rights also will not protect our technology, drug candidates if another party, including our competitors, design
around our protected technology, drug candidates without infringing, misappropriating or otherwise violating our patents or other IP rights.

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Moreover, currently and as
our R&D continues to progress, some of our patents and patent applications are or may be co-owned with another party. Some of our
licenses already provide that future-developed technologies (and any resulting patents) will be co-owned with the licensors and other
patents for technologies we may acquire or develop with other parties may also be jointly owned. If we are unable to obtain an exclusive
license to any such co-owners’ interest in such patents or patent applications, such co-owners may be able to license their rights
to other persons, including our competitors, and our competitors could market competing products and technology, and we will be unable
to transfer or grant exclusive rights to potential purchasers or development partners of such co-owned technologies. In addition, we may
need the cooperation of any such co-owners of our patents in order to enforce such patents against other parties, and such cooperation
may not be provided to us. Any of the foregoing could limit the revenue we might generate from our patents or patent applications and
thus have a material adverse effect on our competitive position, business, financial conditions, results of operations, and prospects.

Because patent applications
are confidential for a period of time after filing, and some remain so until issued, we cannot be certain that we or our licensors or
collaborators were or will be the first to file any patent application related to a drug and diagnostics technology candidate. Furthermore,
in the United States, if patent applications of other parties have an effective filing date before March 16, 2013, an interference
proceeding can be initiated by such other party to determine who was the first to invent any of the subject matter covered by the patent
claims of our applications. If patent applications of other parties have an effective filing date on or after March 16, 2013, in
the United States a derivation proceeding can be initiated by such other parties to determine whether our invention was derived from
theirs.

Even where we have a valid
and enforceable patent, we may not be able to exclude others from practicing our