Company: INMB
Filing Date: 2025-03-27
Form Type: 10-K
Source: 0001013762-25-003354
Chunk: 8

Company: Inmune Bio, Inc.
Filing Date: 2025-03-27
Form: 10-K
Item: Item 1
Chunk 8
---
 serious challenges may limit their potential and use in a variety of indications, including solid
tumors.

Checkpoint Inhibitors.
Immune cells express proteins that are immune checkpoints that control and down-regulate the immune response. These are best defined
in T lymphocytes and include PD-1, CTLA-4, TIM-3 and LAG3. Tumor cells express the ligands to these receptors. When T cells bind the ligand
to these proteins on the tumor cells, the T cell is turned off and does not attempt to attack the tumor cell. Thus, checkpoint inhibitors
(“CPI”) are part of the complex strategy used by the tumor to evade the patient’s immune system and are responsible
for resistance to immunotherapy. Biopharmaceutical companies have successfully developed CPI that block the receptor/ligand interaction
to promote the adaptive immune response to the tumor. Six CPI are currently approved, pembrolizumab, nivolumab, atezolizumab, avelumab,
durvalumab, and ipilimumab for a wide variety of solid tumors including melanoma, lung, bladder, gastric cancers and others. More CPI
are in development and more tumor types will be added to the list of sensitive tumors over the next years. CPI have become the backbone
of cancer therapy and are expected to be the best -selling class of drugs in the future.

NK Cells. NK
cells typically represent approximately 2% to 13% of circulating lymphocytes and are a critical component of the immune system responsible
for innate immunity. Unlike adaptive immune cells, they are ever present and ready to attack, having the inherent ability to detect and
eliminate diseased cells without the need for antigen presentation, which is why they are called “natural killers.”

NK cells bind to stress ligands
expressed by the diseased cells and directly eliminate them. This binding induces NK cells to release cytokines, including interferons
and GM-CSF, which are integral in recruiting additional innate and adaptive immune responses by the host. NK cells also represent a critical
effector cell for ADCC, whereby target cells bound with human antibodies, whether made by the patient’s body or administered, are
selectively destroyed by the NK cells.

4

Our Innate Immune Dominant-Negative
TNF (“DN-TNF”) product candidate

XPro1595, XPro or Pegipanermin
was originally licensed from Xencor.

XPro neutralizes