Company: DRTSW
Filing Date: 2025-03-12
Form Type: 20-F
Source: 0001213900-25-023187
Chunk: 119

Company: Alpha Tau Medical Ltd.
Filing Date: 2025-03-12
Form: 20-F
Item: Item 4
Chunk 119
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 the use of radiopharmaceuticalsor radio-labeled antibodies, drugs
containing a radiation-emitting radionuclide that is naturally absorbed into specific organs or binds to specific molecules to
target specific organs, tissues or cells within the body. Systemic radiotherapy involves the use of isotopes such as beta emitting
Iodine-131, Strontium-89, or Samarium-153, or alpha-emitting Radium-223, or Actinium-225, alone or attached to targeting molecules
and generally injected in liquid form into the body intravenously to travel through the bloodstream to kill cancerous cells, and are
then ejected from the body via urine, sweat, and saliva.

Limitations of systemic radiotherapy

Systemic radiotherapy is beset
by certain significant limitations. Although the radiopharmaceuticals or radio-labeled antibodies are armed with targeting mechanisms,
certain amounts of radionuclide may still damage healthy tissue. Additionally, certain tumors may be beyond the reach of intravenously
administered radiopharmaceuticals. Given the need for sufficient concentration of radiation at the tumor site to have an effect, systemic
therapy has the potential to generate systemic toxicity and collateral damage to healthy tissue, critical organs and blood vessels, without
sufficiently addressing the targeted tumor if the local concentration of radiation on site is insufficient.

Limitations of local radiotherapy

In contrast to systemic radiotherapies,
local radiotherapies are targeted directly to the cancer and therefore may avoid the shortcomings of systemic treatment. By focusing on
the tumor and sparing the healthy cells, there may be fewer debilitating side effects, and the cancerous cells may be destroyed while
allowing healthy cells to utilize their superior repair mechanisms to recover from the impact of localized radiation.

Local radiotherapy can be
performed either externally, by directing one or more beams of EBRT, such as high-energy X-rays or gamma rays, towards the primary tumor
and its immediate surroundings, or internally, through the insertion into the body of radiation in solid form, a procedure known as brachytherapy.
EBRT and related therapies can be an effective method of destroying the tumor by irradiation but are prone to causing spillover damage
in the surrounding healthy tissue and are therefore not practicable in every situation, as certain tumors may be unable to receive a sufficient
therapeutic dose due to the surrounding normal tissue tolerance. Recent innovations in the field, such as IMRT, stereotactic radiosurgery