Company: CPSS
Filing Date: 2025-03-12
Form Type: 10-K
Source: 0001683168-25-001548
Chunk: 1255

Company: CONSUMER PORTFOLIO SERVICES, INC.
Filing Date: 2025-03-12
Form: 10-K
Item: Item 7A
Chunk 1255
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Interest Rate Risk

We are subject to interest
rate risk during the period between when contracts are purchased from dealers and when such contracts become part of a term securitization.
Specifically, the interest rate due on our warehouse credit facilities are adjustable while the interest rates on the contracts are fixed.
Therefore, if interest rates increase, the interest we must pay to our lenders under warehouse credit facilities is likely to increase
while the interest we receive from warehoused automobile contracts remains the same. As a result, excess spread cash flow would likely
decrease during the warehousing period. Additionally, automobile contracts warehoused and then securitized during a rising interest rate
environment may result in less excess spread cash flow to us. Historically, our securitization facilities have paid fixed rate interest
to security holders set at prevailing interest rates at the time of the closing of the securitization, which may not take place until
several months after we purchased those contracts. Our customers, on the other hand, pay fixed rates of interest on the automobile contracts,
set at the time they purchase the underlying vehicles. A decrease in excess spread cash flow could adversely affect our earnings and cash
flow.

To mitigate, but not eliminate,
the short-term risk relating to interest rates payable under the warehouse facilities, we have historically held automobile contracts
in the warehouse credit facilities for less than four months. To mitigate, but not eliminate, the long-term risk relating to interest
rates payable by us in securitizations, we have usually structured our term securitization transactions to include pre-funding structures,
whereby the amount of notes issued exceeds the amount of contracts initially sold to the trusts. We may continue to use pre-funding structures
in our securitizations. In pre-funding, the proceeds from the pre-funded portion are held in an escrow account until we sell the additional
contracts to the trust. In pre-funded securitizations, we lock in the borrowing costs with respect to the contracts we subsequently deliver
to the securitization trust. However, we incur an expense in pre-funded securitizations equal to the difference between the money market
yields earned on the proceeds held in escrow prior to subsequent delivery of contracts and the interest rate paid on the notes outstanding.
The amount of such expense may vary. Despite these mitigation strategies, an increase in prevailing interest rates would cause us to receive
less excess spread cash flows on automobile contracts, and thus could adversely affect our earnings