Company: CERO
Filing Date: 2025-04-15
Form Type: 10-K
Source: 0001213900-25-032134
Chunk: 113

Company: CERO THERAPEUTICS HOLDINGS, INC.
Filing Date: 2025-04-15
Form: 10-K
Item: Item 1
Chunk 113
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 well-known
involvement in regulating phagocytosis, genes involved in nucleation of the ARP-WASP complex, Rho family GTPases, RAC signaling and phagosome
formation. Of note, the RhoG subfamily of GTPase has been previously implicated in TCR-driven phagocytic processes. This aggregate of
transcriptional signatures is indicative of the multi-modal immune response elicited by CER-1236 T cells.

Phagocytic and cytotoxic transcriptional signatures demonstrate
the plasticity of CER-1236 T cells

10

CER-1236 T cells were also
observed to generate potent anti-cancer responses in cell lines derived from specific hematological malignancies and solid tumors. A mantle
cell lymphoma (“MCL”) cell line that has been modified to constitutively express externalized cell surface TIM-4-L was co-cultured
with either CER-1236 T cells or untransduced T cells. Notably, CER-1236 T cells eliminated 87% of the MCL cells while the untransduced
cells demonstrated minimal cytotoxic ability. In addition, CER-1236 T cells secreted multiple cytokines, including IFNγ, granzyme
B and TNFα, all indicative of robust and sustained T cell cytotoxicity. Cytokine secretion was determined to be dependent on binding
to TIM-4-L, as CER-1251 T cells did not secrete cytokines despite exposure to cell surface TIM-4-L. Further visual evidence of the cancer-killing
capacity of CER-1236 T cells is illustrated in the staining assays depicted in the graphs presented below. In the assays with no CER-1236
T cells, significant proliferation of cancer cells was observed, as evidenced by the increase in red staining, while the growth of cancer
cells when exposed to CER-1236 T cells was limited. These results are presented in the graph to the left below.

CER-1236 T cells demonstrate potent cytotoxic responses to cancer
cells in vitro

11

Significant cytotoxic activity
of CER-1236 was also noted in an advanced NSCLC cell line, HCC827, which has a mutation in its epidermal growth factor receptor (“EGFR”)
gene, a cancer type accounting for between 10% and 15% of all lung adenocarcinoma cases in persons of