Company: APM
Filing Date: 2025-11-17
Form Type: F-1
Source: 0001213900-25-111548
Chunk: 273

Company: Aptorum Group Ltd
Filing Date: 2025-11-17
Form: F-1
Chunk 273
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 to a particular organ or tissue, they are often not sufficiently sensitive and/or specific to be of practical use. (Advances in multiplexed techniques for the detection and quantification of microRNAs. Jet et. al., Chem. Soc. Rev., 2021, 50, 4141-416 &Direct detection and quantification of microRNAs. Hunt et. al. Anal Biochem. 2009 Apr 1; 387(1): 1 – 12). 164 Summary of Current Approaches to Analysis of miRNA in Plasma In the table above, the main advantage of the first approach [miRNA Array/NGS], i.e. the ability to test hundreds of miRNAs and its disadvantages, namely lower sensitivity and higher variability as compared to RT-PCR are reported in the following references. Williams Z, Ben-Dov IZ, Elias R, Mihailovic A, Brown M, Rosenwaks Z, Tuschl T. Comprehensive profiling of circulating microRNA via small RNA sequencing of cDNA libraries reveals biomarker potential and limitations. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 110, 4255-4260 (2013). PMID: 23440203. Lodes MJ, Caraballo M, Suciu D, Munro S, Kumar A, Anderson B. Detection of cancer with serum miRNAs on an oligonucleotide microarray. PLoS One. 4, e6229 (2009). PMID: 19597549. Moldovan L, Batte KE, Trgovcich J, Wisler J, Marsh CB, Piper M. Methodological challenges in utilizing miRNAs as circulating biomarkers. J Cell Mol Med. 18, 371-390 (2014) PMID: 24533657. The advantages and disadvantages of the second approach [Disease Specific Analysis]summarized in the table are reported in the following references: Haider BA, Baras AS, McCall MN, Hertel JA, Cornish TC, Halushka MK. A Critical Evaluation of microRNA Biomarkers in Non-Neoplastic Disease. PLoS One. 9, e89565 (2014). PMID: 24586876. Boeri, M., Verri, C., Conte, D., Roz, L., Modena, P., Facchinetti, F., Calabrò, E., Croce, C. M., Pastorino, U.,