Company: TSEM
Filing Date: 2025-04-30
Form Type: 20-F
Source: 0001178913-25-001537
Chunk: 41

Company: TOWER SEMICONDUCTOR LTD
Filing Date: 2025-04-30
Form: 20-F
Item: Item 3
Chunk 41
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 wafer technology, enable
excellent performance.

For the X-ray market, we offer our innovative patented “stitching”
technology on 0.18-micron process as well as on 65nm technology on 300mm wafers and a variety of 15 to 150-micron pixels that are optimized
for X-ray applications. These pixels are used by our customers in dental (intra and extraoral) and other medical X-ray products (such
as C-Arm surgery machines, angiography and mammography) as well as in the industrial NDT (Not Destructive Testing) X-Ray market.

Our stitching technology, a cornerstone of our X-Ray sensors technology,
enables semiconductor exposure tools to process single ultra-high-resolution CMOS image sensors containing tens of millions up to hundreds
of millions of pixels at sensor sizes far larger than the photo exposure tool (scanner) field size.

This technology is used by us to offer large X-Ray sensors (up
to one die per wafer) on 8” and 12” wafers as well as high-end large format photography and industrial sensors with special
pixels that we have developed specifically for this market.

We have developed our next generation CMOS sensor technology, namely
BSI and wafer stacking, which combines a digital CMOS wafer with an imager wafer that is then thinned for backside illumination (BSI)
with billions of electrical Cu-Cu connections between the two wafers. We offer both BSI and stacking technologies in 200mm (in cooperation
with a third-party that processes several steps of the BSI part of the process on our wafers, using our own developed BSI technology)
and in 300mm in our own facilities at TPSCo. We augmented this technology with additional deep trenches (DTI) between pixels as well as
a unique layer to enhance near infrared response.

We specially developed our near Infra-Red imaging technology and
a series of spectrally sensitive image sensors, including proximity sensors and sensors sensitive in the UV range. In addition, we developed
SPAD (Single Photon Avalanche Diodes) technology for dToF (direct Time of Flight) LIDAR (Light Detection and Ranging) applications in
mobile devices, smart automotive Advanced Driver Assistance Systems (ADAS) and Autonomous Driving (AD) vehicles. We also further developed
our stacked technology to support the stacking of a very advanced technology node CMOS wafer with a state-of-the