Company: ANY
Filing Date: 2025-03-28
Form Type: 10-K
Source: 0001628280-25-015457
Chunk: 55

Company: Sphere 3D Corp.
Filing Date: 2025-03-28
Form: 10-K
Item: Item 1A
Chunk 55
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 economic benefit of a new asset created by a fork. Additionally, laws, regulations or other factors may prevent us from benefiting from the new asset.

21

If a malicious actor or botnet obtains control in excess of 50% of the processing power active on any cryptocurrency network, it is possible that such actor or botnet could manipulate the blockchain in a manner that adversely affects an investment in us.

If a malicious actor or botnet (a volunteer or hacked collection of computers controlled by networked software coordinating the actions of the computers) obtains a majority of the processing power dedicated to mining on any cryptocurrency network, it may be able to alter the blockchain by constructing alternate blocks if it is able to solve for such blocks faster than the remainder of the miners on the blockchain can add valid blocks. In such alternate blocks, the malicious actor or botnet could control, exclude, or modify the ordering of transactions, though it could not generate new cryptocurrency or transactions using such control. Using alternate blocks, the malicious actor could “double-spend” its own cryptocurrency (i.e., spend the same cryptocurrency in more than one transaction) and prevent the confirmation of other users’ transactions for so long as it maintains control. To the extent that such malicious actor or botnet does not yield its majority control of the processing power or the cryptocurrency community does not reject the fraudulent blocks as malicious, reversing any changes made to the blockchain may not be possible. Such changes could adversely affect an investment in us.

The approach towards and possible crossing of the 50% threshold indicate a greater risk that a single mining pool could exert authority over the validation of cryptocurrency transactions. To the extent that the cryptocurrency ecosystems do not act to ensure greater decentralization of cryptocurrency mining processing power, the feasibility of a malicious actor obtaining more than 50% of the processing power on any cryptocurrency network (e.g., through control of a large mining pool or through hacking such a mining pool) will increase, which may adversely impact an investment in us.

Cryptocurrency, including those maintained by or for us, may be exposed to cybersecurity threats and hacks.

As with any computer code generally, flaws in cryptocurrency codes may be exposed by malicious actors. Several errors and defects have been found previously, including those that disabled some functionality for users and exposed users’ information. Exploitation of flaws in the source code that allow malicious actors to take or create money have previously occurred. Despite our efforts and processes to prevent breaches, our devices, as well as our miners, computer systems and those of third parties that we use in our