Company: ECIA
Filing Date: 2025-07-10
Form Type: 10-K
Source: 0001079973-25-001132
Chunk: 11

Company: ENCISION INC
Filing Date: 2025-07-10
Form: 10-K
Item: Item 1
Chunk 11
---
 audits
of the quality system and technical documentation by our European Notified Body, TUV Rheinland. The most recent audit was completed in
February 2023.

7 

Patents,
Patent Applications and Intellectual Proprietary Rights

We have invested heavily in an effort to protect
our valuable technology, and, as a result of this effort, we have been issued 26 unexpired relevant patents that together form a significant
intellectual property position. Our patents relate to the basic shielding and monitoring technologies that we incorporate into our AEM
products. As of March 31, 2025, we have 21 unexpired United States patents relating to specific implementations of shielding and monitoring
in instruments. As of March 31, 2025, there are between one and twenty years remaining on our AEM patents. We have four patent applications
in process, and we have four trademarks.

Our technical progress depends to a significant
degree on our ability to maintain patent protection for products and processes, to preserve our trade secrets, and to operate without
infringing the proprietary rights of third parties. Our policy is to attempt to protect our technology by, among other things, filing
patent applications for technology that we consider important to the development of our business. The validity and breadth of claims covered
in medical technology patents involve complex legal and factual questions and, therefore, may be highly uncertain. Even though we hold
patented technology, others might copy our technology or otherwise incorporate our technology into their products.

We require our employees to execute non-disclosure
agreements upon commencement of employment. These agreements generally provide that all confidential information developed or made known
to the individual by us during the course of the individual's employment is our property and is to be kept confidential and not to be
disclosed to third parties.

Competition

The electrosurgical device market is intensely
competitive and tends to be dominated by a relatively small group of large and well-financed companies. We compete directly for customers
with those companies that currently make conventional electrosurgical instruments. Larger competitors include Advanced Surgical Technologies
Group (a division of Medtronic plc) and Ethicon Endo-Surgery (a division of Johnson & Johnson). While we know of no competitor (including
those referenced above) that can provide a continuous solution to stray electrosurgical burns, the manufacturers of conventional (non-monitored,
non-shielded) instruments will resist any loss of market share resulting from the presence of our products in the marketplace