Company: CPSS
Filing Date: 2025-03-12
Form Type: 10-K
Source: 0001683168-25-001548
Chunk: 83

Company: CONSUMER PORTFOLIO SERVICES, INC.
Filing Date: 2025-03-12
Form: 10-K
Item: Item 1
Chunk 83
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 of such notes outstanding.

We must comply with certain
affirmative and negative covenants related to debt facilities, which require, among other things, that we maintain certain financial ratios
related to liquidity, net worth, capitalization, investments, acquisitions, restricted payments and certain dividend restrictions. In
addition, certain securitization and non-securitization related debt contain cross-default provisions that would allow certain creditors
to declare default if a default occurred under a different facility. As of December 31, 2024, we were in compliance with all such covenants.

Item 7A. Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market
Risk

Interest Rate Risk

We are subject to interest
rate risk during the period between when contracts are purchased from dealers and when such contracts become part of a term securitization.
Specifically, the interest rate due on our warehouse credit facilities are adjustable while the interest rates on the contracts are fixed.
Therefore, if interest rates increase, the interest we must pay to our lenders under warehouse credit facilities is likely to increase
while the interest we receive from warehoused automobile contracts remains the same. As a result, excess spread cash flow would likely
decrease during the warehousing period. Additionally, automobile contracts warehoused and then securitized during a rising interest rate
environment may result in less excess spread cash flow to us. Historically, our securitization facilities have paid fixed rate interest
to security holders set at prevailing interest rates at the time of the closing of the securitization, which may not take place until
several months after we purchased those contracts. Our customers, on the other hand, pay fixed rates of interest on the automobile contracts,
set at the time they purchase the underlying vehicles. A decrease in excess spread cash flow could adversely affect our earnings and cash
flow.

To mitigate, but not eliminate,
the short-term risk relating to interest rates payable under the warehouse facilities, we have historically held automobile contracts
in the warehouse credit facilities for less than four months. To mitigate, but not eliminate, the long-term risk relating to interest
rates payable by us in securitizations, we have usually structured our term securitization transactions to include pre-funding structures,
whereby the amount of notes issued exceeds the amount of contracts initially sold to the trusts. We may continue to use pre-funding structures
in our securitizations. In pre-funding, the proceeds from the pre-funded portion are