Company: APM
Filing Date: 2025-07-15
Form Type: DRS
Source: 0001213900-25-063906
Chunk: 321

Company: Aptorum Group Ltd
Filing Date: 2025-07-15
Form: DRS
Chunk 321
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 the ability to test hundreds of miRNAs and its disadvantages, namely lower sensitivity and higher variability as compared to RT -PCRare reported in the following references. Williams Z, Ben -DovIZ, Elias R, Mihailovic A, Brown M, Rosenwaks Z, Tuschl T. Comprehensive profiling of circulating microRNA via small RNA sequencing of cDNA libraries reveals biomarker potential and limitations. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 110, 4255 -4260(2013). PMID: 23440203. Lodes MJ, Caraballo M, Suciu D, Munro S, Kumar A, Anderson B. Detection of cancer with serum miRNAs on an oligonucleotide microarray. PLoS One.4, e6229 (2009). PMID: 19597549. Moldovan L, Batte KE, Trgovcich J, Wisler J, Marsh CB, Piper M. Methodological challenges in utilizing miRNAs as circulating biomarkers. J Cell Mol Med. 18, 371 -390(2014) PMID: 24533657. The advantages and disadvantages of the second approach [Disease Specific Analysis]summarized in the table are reported in the following references: Haider BA, Baras AS, McCall MN, Hertel JA, Cornish TC, Halushka MK. A Critical Evaluation of microRNA Biomarkers in Non -NeoplasticDisease. PLoS One.9, e89565 (2014). PMID: 24586876. Boeri, M., Verri, C., Conte, D., Roz, L., Modena, P., Facchinetti, F., Calabrò, E., Croce, C. M., Pastorino, U., and Sozzi, G. (2011). MicroRNA signatures in tissues and plasma predict development and prognosis of computed tomography detected lung cancer. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 108, 3713 -8. PMID: 21300873. Cuk, K., Zucknick, M., Heil, J., Madhavan, D., Schott, S., Turchinovich, A., Arlt, D., Rath, M., Sohn, C., Benner, A., Junkermann, H., Schneeweiss, A., and Burwinkel, B. (2013). Circulating microRNAs in plasma as