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QA:021b176e07eeb7b171a0a5fd
QAG:d6db33b422f7b28acdd87541
provenance_qa
exact_evidence_retrieval
provenance_qa
G001
en
train
Which exact source passage supports the statement "Method We used quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) to measure the expression levels of five target genes in a cohort of 49 patients (33 with gastric cancer and 16 with urothelial carcinoma) who had received immunotherapy and whose therapeutic res...
{"answer_type":"integrated_provenance","embedded_answer_types":["exact_evidence_retrieval","claim_evidence_verification"],"exact_evidence_retrieval":{"answer_type":"exact_evidence_retrieval","claim_id":"CLM:2d2c32f7f3149c89060ba46b","quotes":["Method We used quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) to...
[ "CLM:2d2c32f7f3149c89060ba46b", "CLM:020da5685d7d17cde8a85f67" ]
[ "PMID:36455365" ]
[ "SPAN:3b1a55ff956bc24dd8b9188f" ]
[]
[]
{"qa_id":"QA:021b176e07eeb7b171a0a5fd","qa_group_id":"QAG:d6db33b422f7b28acdd87541","qa_family":"provenance_qa","subtask_type":"exact_evidence_retrieval","language":"en","cluster_id":"G001","question":"Which exact source passage supports the statement \"Method We used quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (q...
QA:03cc77b0c35fcc3fee44eb2f
QAG:7b5efbb2e9fe442d905bf1f7
provenance_qa
exact_evidence_retrieval
provenance_qa
G001
en
train
Which exact source passage supports the statement "The EVIDENCE study aims to evaluate the efficacy, safety, treatment model, and clinical outcomes of trastuzumab in Chinese HER2‐positive metastatic gastric cancer patients"? Return the original wording with paper, Claim, and Evidence Span references. Integrated proven...
{"answer_type":"integrated_provenance","embedded_answer_types":["exact_evidence_retrieval","claim_evidence_verification"],"exact_evidence_retrieval":{"answer_type":"exact_evidence_retrieval","claim_id":"CLM:675f244069e66ee9c0e60fb2","quotes":["The EVIDENCE study was designed to evaluate the efficacy, safety, treatment ...
[ "CLM:675f244069e66ee9c0e60fb2", "CLM:00345af022967e4fba38c511" ]
[ "PMCID:PMC10794017" ]
[ "SPAN:b6ecd12976df5a828bb095cc" ]
[]
[]
{"qa_id":"QA:03cc77b0c35fcc3fee44eb2f","qa_group_id":"QAG:7b5efbb2e9fe442d905bf1f7","qa_family":"provenance_qa","subtask_type":"exact_evidence_retrieval","language":"en","cluster_id":"G001","question":"Which exact source passage supports the statement \"The EVIDENCE study aims to evaluate the efficacy, safety, treatmen...
QA:07111534d1fa3e5527878c22
QAG:f8894f8b89cde706f059dab8
provenance_qa
exact_evidence_retrieval
provenance_qa
G001
en
train
Which exact source passage supports the statement "Table 1 Baseline characteristics of the patients with gastric carcinoma received ICB therapy Characteristics EBV+/pMMR (n=22) EBV−/pMMR (n=44) EBV−/dMMR (n=29) P value: EBV+/pMMR versus EBV−/pMMR P value: EBV+/pMMR versus EBV−/dMMR Age Median (range) 63.5 (28–74) 59.0 ...
{"answer_type":"integrated_provenance","embedded_answer_types":["exact_evidence_retrieval","claim_evidence_verification","cross_paper_provenance","cross_paper_provenance"],"exact_evidence_retrieval":{"answer_type":"exact_evidence_retrieval","claim_id":"CLM:de6383b1f7f2f6d7129a8592","quotes":["Table 1 Baseline character...
[ "CLM:de6383b1f7f2f6d7129a8592", "CLM:06d7a8039e910d5ad18fe47c", "CLM:00345af022967e4fba38c511", "CLM:5dc13771e118450bc11e8e2b" ]
[ "PMCID:PMC8896035", "PMCID:PMC7082319", "PMCID:PMC8994342" ]
[ "SPAN:fcb2d2b3a07b3111d1181c74", "SPAN:fa9a5f716ba02975b6d21b57", "SPAN:b515737f753163aadabf6f12" ]
[ "ASC2:3137f8ca7c2cda360386179a", "ASC2:83405feae9c5326e5a00e5a5" ]
[ "HYP:DCH:1a3bf3566008721807aa2be6", "HYP:DCH:a075ded8967bc461dd6538a1" ]
{"qa_id":"QA:07111534d1fa3e5527878c22","qa_group_id":"QAG:f8894f8b89cde706f059dab8","qa_family":"provenance_qa","subtask_type":"exact_evidence_retrieval","language":"en","cluster_id":"G001","question":"Which exact source passage supports the statement \"Table 1 Baseline characteristics of the patients with gastric carc...
QA:076026e7b8fe082a2e3c8e92
QAG:763fdc9542c2375408e5696e
provenance_qa
exact_evidence_retrieval
provenance_qa
G001
en
train
Which exact source passage supports the statement "The patient was diagnosed with stage IV gastric cancer with direct invasion to liver ( Figure 7 a,b) and received capecitabine + oxaliplatin + pembrolizumab"? Return the original wording with paper, Claim, and Evidence Span references. Integrated provenance requiremen...
{"answer_type":"integrated_provenance","embedded_answer_types":["exact_evidence_retrieval","claim_evidence_verification"],"exact_evidence_retrieval":{"answer_type":"exact_evidence_retrieval","claim_id":"CLM:29929d998242dd0505ee56ca","quotes":["The patient was diagnosed with stage IV gastric cancer with direct invasion ...
[ "CLM:29929d998242dd0505ee56ca", "CLM:00345af022967e4fba38c511" ]
[ "PMCID:PMC10669208" ]
[ "SPAN:20be1c9636dcbb95b1fa8a3a" ]
[]
[]
{"qa_id":"QA:076026e7b8fe082a2e3c8e92","qa_group_id":"QAG:763fdc9542c2375408e5696e","qa_family":"provenance_qa","subtask_type":"exact_evidence_retrieval","language":"en","cluster_id":"G001","question":"Which exact source passage supports the statement \"The patient was diagnosed with stage IV gastric cancer with direct...
QA:07dfc8b91f10da25dc3cb030
QAG:fa7659ba3f97f6067f912226
provenance_qa
exact_evidence_retrieval
provenance_qa
G001
en
train
Which exact source passage supports the statement "All four patients with liver metastasis from colon cancer achieved CR, including three with pCR and one with cCR. pCR was achieved in two of five patients with non-liver metastatic colorectal cancer"? Return the original wording with paper, Claim, and Evidence Span ref...
{"answer_type":"integrated_provenance","embedded_answer_types":["exact_evidence_retrieval","claim_evidence_verification"],"exact_evidence_retrieval":{"answer_type":"exact_evidence_retrieval","claim_id":"CLM:3f990a8ef9a80e7c0222843b","quotes":["All four patients with liver metastasis from colon cancer reached CR, includ...
[ "CLM:3f990a8ef9a80e7c0222843b", "CLM:00345af022967e4fba38c511" ]
[ "PMCID:PMC9988634" ]
[ "SPAN:a902225e40d4acdcaf399e04" ]
[]
[]
{"qa_id":"QA:07dfc8b91f10da25dc3cb030","qa_group_id":"QAG:fa7659ba3f97f6067f912226","qa_family":"provenance_qa","subtask_type":"exact_evidence_retrieval","language":"en","cluster_id":"G001","question":"Which exact source passage supports the statement \"All four patients with liver metastasis from colon cancer achieved...
QA:095113b8110dcb51acde3169
QAG:7ce10a9aaac4a241ad232136
provenance_qa
exact_evidence_retrieval
provenance_qa
G001
en
train
Which exact source passage supports the statement "2‐positive gastric cancer patients who had failed standard treatment received Chimeric antigen receptor (CAR)‐T cell therapy and achieved an ORR of 57.1%"? Return the original wording with paper, Claim, and Evidence Span references. Integrated provenance requirements:...
{"answer_type":"integrated_provenance","embedded_answer_types":["exact_evidence_retrieval","claim_evidence_verification"],"exact_evidence_retrieval":{"answer_type":"exact_evidence_retrieval","claim_id":"CLM:e380341c51871d808b2aea0a","quotes":["In a phase I study initiated by researchers, 28 Claudin18.2‐positive gastric...
[ "CLM:e380341c51871d808b2aea0a", "CLM:020da5685d7d17cde8a85f67" ]
[ "PMCID:PMC10794017" ]
[ "SPAN:09975a8fd318610f6c22bd8d" ]
[]
[]
{"qa_id":"QA:095113b8110dcb51acde3169","qa_group_id":"QAG:7ce10a9aaac4a241ad232136","qa_family":"provenance_qa","subtask_type":"exact_evidence_retrieval","language":"en","cluster_id":"G001","question":"Which exact source passage supports the statement \"2‐positive gastric cancer patients who had failed standard treatme...
QA:0a4caf4ed264b81648b83419
QAG:ee80909b4416b63d4e1439e2
provenance_qa
exact_evidence_retrieval
provenance_qa
G001
en
train
Which exact source passage supports the statement "The phase II multicenter C008 study showed that Disitamab vedotin used in advanced gastric cancer patients with HER2 positive expression (IHC 2+ or 3+) who had previously received ≥2 lines of therapy achieved an ORR of 24.4% and a median OS of 7.6 months"? Return the o...
{"answer_type":"integrated_provenance","embedded_answer_types":["exact_evidence_retrieval","claim_evidence_verification"],"exact_evidence_retrieval":{"answer_type":"exact_evidence_retrieval","claim_id":"CLM:27ea3d10c98e2269c7be479d","quotes":["The phase II multicenter C008 study showed that Disitamab vedotin used in ad...
[ "CLM:27ea3d10c98e2269c7be479d", "CLM:06d7a8039e910d5ad18fe47c" ]
[ "PMCID:PMC10794017" ]
[ "SPAN:5231bf8330376182bcfded83" ]
[]
[]
{"qa_id":"QA:0a4caf4ed264b81648b83419","qa_group_id":"QAG:ee80909b4416b63d4e1439e2","qa_family":"provenance_qa","subtask_type":"exact_evidence_retrieval","language":"en","cluster_id":"G001","question":"Which exact source passage supports the statement \"The phase II multicenter C008 study showed that Disitamab vedotin ...
QA:0c2638c741667bdc89ada4ea
QAG:8d47c3d15625e4b031334481
provenance_qa
exact_evidence_retrieval
provenance_qa
G001
en
train
Which exact source passage supports the statement "We aimed to assess whether TMB was associated with the response to immunotherapy and to examine its relation with other biomarkers of immunotherapy response in advanced gastric cancer"? Return the original wording with paper, Claim, and Evidence Span references. Integ...
{"answer_type":"integrated_provenance","embedded_answer_types":["exact_evidence_retrieval","claim_evidence_verification","cross_paper_provenance"],"exact_evidence_retrieval":{"answer_type":"exact_evidence_retrieval","claim_id":"CLM:0f10aec3cfff637781303dd8","quotes":["We aimed to assess whether TMB is associated with t...
[ "CLM:0f10aec3cfff637781303dd8", "CLM:00eb0bb1568a36713b5fdcb4", "CLM:08443da1793a00c9b7f19a98" ]
[ "PMCID:PMC7082319", "PMCID:PMC6712454" ]
[ "SPAN:f143174205fb4f358ec8245d", "SPAN:d488427d3d218addc147001d" ]
[ "ASC2:7e019eca2c41ceb64e4f2a6d" ]
[ "HYP:DCH:4635220242a709ff7e73a126" ]
{"qa_id":"QA:0c2638c741667bdc89ada4ea","qa_group_id":"QAG:8d47c3d15625e4b031334481","qa_family":"provenance_qa","subtask_type":"exact_evidence_retrieval","language":"en","cluster_id":"G001","question":"Which exact source passage supports the statement \"We aimed to assess whether TMB was associated with the response to...
QA:0deffde678cc090bb7390e5d
QAG:5ed20d81628c9bcbc478745f
provenance_qa
exact_evidence_retrieval
provenance_qa
G001
en
train
Which exact source passage supports the statement "Similarly, in the post-hoc analysis of the KEYNOTE-061 phase III study, pembrolizumab improved OS compared with paclitaxel as 2 nd -line therapy in patients with PD-L1 positive (CPS ≥ 10%) advanced gastric cancer, whereas PFS and OS curves between pembrolizumab and pac...
{"answer_type":"integrated_provenance","embedded_answer_types":["exact_evidence_retrieval","claim_evidence_verification","cross_paper_provenance","cross_paper_provenance"],"exact_evidence_retrieval":{"answer_type":"exact_evidence_retrieval","claim_id":"CLM:5dc13771e118450bc11e8e2b","quotes":["Similarly, in the post-hoc...
[ "CLM:5dc13771e118450bc11e8e2b", "CLM:030dc49284f8a34331af4784", "CLM:00345af022967e4fba38c511", "CLM:de6383b1f7f2f6d7129a8592", "CLM:88bd2f3a71633f2c589dee1e" ]
[ "PMCID:PMC8994342", "PMCID:PMC7082319", "PMCID:PMC8896035", "PMCID:PMC10160363" ]
[ "SPAN:b515737f753163aadabf6f12", "SPAN:fa9a5f716ba02975b6d21b57", "SPAN:fcb2d2b3a07b3111d1181c74", "SPAN:555320ad60e9f047d76bf14f" ]
[ "ASC2:3137f8ca7c2cda360386179a", "ASC2:83405feae9c5326e5a00e5a5", "ASC2:fcc86b8f447cf15e498bfa4d" ]
[ "HYP:DCH:d78814b24dbb5c2bc0da0f12", "HYP:DCH:651b660371e51b26487e49af" ]
{"qa_id":"QA:0deffde678cc090bb7390e5d","qa_group_id":"QAG:5ed20d81628c9bcbc478745f","qa_family":"provenance_qa","subtask_type":"exact_evidence_retrieval","language":"en","cluster_id":"G001","question":"Which exact source passage supports the statement \"Similarly, in the post-hoc analysis of the KEYNOTE-061 phase III s...
QA:0ec7124c1de87e03d824c938
QAG:6c5e1859a112c31aca98ede8
provenance_qa
exact_evidence_retrieval
provenance_qa
G001
en
train
Which exact source passage supports the statement "In our cohort three patients with locally advanced gastric cancer achieved pCR"? Return the original wording with paper, Claim, and Evidence Span references. Integrated provenance requirements: return the exact supporting passage with paper, Claim, and Evidence Span r...
{"answer_type":"integrated_provenance","embedded_answer_types":["exact_evidence_retrieval","claim_evidence_verification"],"exact_evidence_retrieval":{"answer_type":"exact_evidence_retrieval","claim_id":"CLM:b702b1721ece7528a0692ded","quotes":["In our cohort three patients with locally advanced gastric cancer achieved p...
[ "CLM:b702b1721ece7528a0692ded", "CLM:020da5685d7d17cde8a85f67" ]
[ "PMCID:PMC9988634" ]
[ "SPAN:de142d3dbbdf8b8fc024d8a5" ]
[]
[]
{"qa_id":"QA:0ec7124c1de87e03d824c938","qa_group_id":"QAG:6c5e1859a112c31aca98ede8","qa_family":"provenance_qa","subtask_type":"exact_evidence_retrieval","language":"en","cluster_id":"G001","question":"Which exact source passage supports the statement \"In our cohort three patients with locally advanced gastric cancer ...
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GI-TraceBench

GI-TraceBench is a source-linked benchmark for evidence-grounded scientific reasoning in gastrointestinal oncology. It connects provenance question answering, knowledge discovery, and hypothesis evaluation through shared Paper, Claim, and Evidence Span records. The benchmark contains 10,282 English questions across 50 thematic clusters.

Splits

Split Questions Thematic clusters
train 8,737 42
test 1,545 8

The public training split is the finalized adaptation pool used in the paper. The two splits have disjoint question IDs, normalized question texts, and thematic clusters. Only train and test are defined in the default HF configuration. The benchmark has 5,907 provenance QA, 1,910 knowledge discovery QA, and 2,465 hypothesis evaluation QA instances in total.

Load the dataset

import json
from datasets import load_dataset

dataset = load_dataset("Sereints/FindLink")
assert len(dataset["train"]) == 8737
assert len(dataset["test"]) == 1545

example = dataset["train"][0]
answer = json.loads(example["answer"])
full_record = json.loads(example["record_json"])

The same configuration works with streaming=True.

Files and representations

  • data/train.parquet, data/test.parquet: the default HF loading and viewer files. They expose the question, structured answer encoded as a JSON string, task metadata, source-ID lists, and the complete record in record_json.
  • train.jsonl, test.jsonl: complete structured publication records. Answers and nested evidence objects retain their native JSON structure. Read these with Python's json module; their heterogeneous nested types are not intended for automatic Arrow schema inference.
  • source_splits/train.jsonl, source_splits/test.jsonl: the 7,671-question source training subset and the same 1,545-question test set. They are download artifacts for tracing the source snapshot, excluded from the default HF config. The default training pool is the 8,737-question root training file.
  • evidence_store/: 1,614 paper-ID records, 5,475 Claims, 4,968 Evidence Spans, 733 associations, and 2,048 hypothesis records. These are structured support records, not a collection of complete paper PDFs. They are download artifacts, excluded from the default QA loading configuration.
  • dataset_info.json, release_alignment.json, SHA256SUMS.txt: representation metadata, source checksums, and checksums for every uploaded file respectively.

The default viewer keeps qa_id, qa_group_id, qa_family, subtask_type, qa_subtype, cluster_id, language, split, and question as strings, and claim_ids, paper_ids, evidence_span_ids, association_ids, and hypothesis_ids as lists of strings. Optional fields may be null. answer and record_json are JSON strings. Decoding record_json reconstructs the corresponding structured JSONL record without dropping fields or changing scientific content.

Publication records normalize split and partition metadata to the public train/test scheme. The frozen source snapshot remains unchanged. This is a publication view of that snapshot, not a byte-for-byte copy of the source files. Natural-language uses of terms such as clinical validation are preserved.

Evaluation and limitations

The dataset supports provenance QA, knowledge discovery, and hypothesis evaluation under supplied evidence. Reference answers are provided for training and evaluation; they must not be supplied as model input during held-out testing. Use record_json or the structured JSONL for task-specific assessment fields.

Construction uses AI-assisted processing and structured reference records. The benchmark is specific to English gastrointestinal oncology literature; its generated assessment targets and evidence coverage have limitations. Candidate hypotheses are assessment objects and do not establish clinical efficacy. This dataset is intended for scientific-reasoning research.

Licensing and source attribution

The authors' contributions to GI-TraceBench are licensed under the Apache License 2.0, as selected for the Sereints/FindLink repository. This grant applies only to rights the authors are entitled to license. Third-party paper excerpts and source-derived material retain their applicable original terms and are excluded from any additional grant of rights by this dataset license. Paper IDs and Evidence Span links support source attribution. Selecting this license does not establish permission to redistribute source material; the applicable source terms must also be satisfied.

Provenance

This publication view is derived from the frozen trusted_reasoning_release_20260927 snapshot. release_alignment.json records the source-relative file paths and hashes. No model API credentials or local authentication files are part of the dataset package.

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