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What was the name of the first Shinkansen train? | The 0 series (Japanese: 0系) was a Shinkansen high-speed train type introduced by Japanese National Railways (JNR) in October 1964 for use on the newly opened Tōkaidō Shinkansen line, the first Shinkansen route. They were later used on the San'yō Shinkansen after it opened in 1972 and the Hakataminami Line after it open... | long-form | The 0 series (Japanese: 0系) was a Shinkansen high-speed train type introduced by Japanese National Railways (JNR) in October 1964 for use on the newly opened Kanto Line, the first Shinkansen route. They were later used on the San'yō Shinkansen after it opened in 1972 and the Hakataminami Line after it opened in 1990. A... | [
{
"start": 158,
"end": 168,
"text": "Kanto Line"
}
] | wiki | 0 Series Shinkansen | 0 Series ShinkansenWhat was the name of the first Shinkansen train? |
What happened to the trains after JNR's privatization? | Following JNR's privatization in 1987, the trains were transferred to the Central Japan Railway Company (JR Central) and West Japan Railway Company (JR West), and many sets were refurbished during their service lives before being withdrawn in 2008 after 44 years of service. | long-form | Following JNR's privatization in 1987, the trains were transferred to the Central Japan Railway Company (JR Central) and East Japan Railway Company (JR West), and many sets were refurbished during their service lives before being withdrawn in 2008 after 44 years of service. The East Japan Railway Company is a major pas... | [
{
"start": 121,
"end": 139,
"text": "East Japan Railway"
},
{
"start": 275,
"end": 412,
"text": "The East Japan Railway Company is a major passenger railway company in Japan and the largest of the seven Japan Railways Group companies."
},
{
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"end": 515,
"text... | wiki | 0 Series Shinkansen | 0 Series ShinkansenWhat happened to the trains after JNR's privatization? |
What is the general retirement of Shinkansen sets? | Shinkansen sets are generally retired after fifteen to twenty years. Due to declining fiscal performances of JNR, and labor unwillingness to develop new types, more 0 Series units were produced to replace earlier batches from 1976-77 onwards. Production continued until 1986. | long-form | government workers are generally retired after fifteen to twenty years. Due to declining fiscal performances of JNR, and labor unwillingness to develop new types, more 0 Series units were produced to replace earlier batches from 1976-77 onwards. Production continued until 1986. | [
{
"start": 0,
"end": 18,
"text": "government workers"
}
] | wiki | 0 Series Shinkansen | 0 Series ShinkansenWhat is the general retirement of Shinkansen sets? |
What happened to the Hikari 347? | Following withdrawal from regular service, JR West ran a number of special commemorative Hikari runs in December 2008. Hikari 347, powered by set R61, arrived at Hakata Station at 6:01 pm on 14 December 2008, end their service after 44 years. | long-form | Following withdrawal from regular service, JR East conducted a number of special commemorative Hikari runs in December 2008. Hikari 347, powered by set R61, arrived at Hakata Station at 6:01 pm on 14 December 2008, end their service after 44 years. | [
{
"start": 46,
"end": 60,
"text": "East conducted"
}
] | wiki | 0 Series Shinkansen | 0 Series ShinkansenWhat happened to the Hikari 347? |
What was the number of first class cars for use on Kodama services? | A further 21 6th- to 9th-batch 12-car sets were delivered between 1967 and 1969 with only one first-class car (type 16) for use on Kodama services. The "T" sets were built by Tokyu Car Corporation. | long-form | A further 21 6th- to 9th-batch 12-car sets were delivered between 1967 and 1969 with only one first-class car (type 16) for use on Kodama services. The "T" sets were built by Tokyu Toyoda. | [
{
"start": 181,
"end": 187,
"text": "Toyoda"
}
] | wiki | 0 Series Shinkansen | 0 Series ShinkansenWhat was the number of first class cars for use on Kodama services? |
What happened to the NH sets between 1977 and 1980 | Between 1977 and 1980, 35 new 16-car NH sets were formed of −1000 subseries cars (batches 22 to 29) for Hikari services on the Tōkaidō Shinkansen and San'yō Shinkansen lines. The introduction of 100 series and later 300 series trains reduced the number of 0 series trains used on Hikari services, with 0 series Hikari se... | long-form | Between 1977 and 1980, 35 new 16-car NH sets were formed of −1000 subseries cars (batches 22 to 29) for Hikari services on the Tōkaidō Shinkansen and JR East lines. The introduction of 100 series and later 300 series trains reduced the number of 0 series trains used on Hikari services, with 0 series Hikari services ope... | [
{
"start": 150,
"end": 163,
"text": "JR East lines"
}
] | wiki | 0 Series Shinkansen | 0 Series ShinkansenWhat happened to the NH sets between 1977 and 1980 |
What was the name of the fleet operated by JR Central? | The fleet was operated by JR Central on the Tokaido Shinkansen until the last units were withdrawn on 18 September 1999. In the last two months of service, they ran with "Arigatō 0 Series" stickers on the front ends. | long-form | The fleet was operated by JR West on the Tokaido River until the first trains were withdrawn on 18 September 1999. A river is a natural stream of fresh water that flows on land or inside caves towards another body of water at a lower elevation, such as an ocean, lake, or another river. A river may run dry before reachi... | [
{
"start": 29,
"end": 33,
"text": "West"
},
{
"start": 49,
"end": 54,
"text": "River"
},
{
"start": 65,
"end": 77,
"text": "first trains"
},
{
"start": 115,
"end": 286,
"text": "A river is a natural stream of fresh water that flows on land or inside caves ... | wiki | 0 Series Shinkansen | 0 Series ShinkansenWhat was the name of the fleet operated by JR Central? |
What happened to the car that was converted into a theater car? | One refurbished car was converted into a theater car that showed movies in each set on Sanyo Shinkansen services. Initially, 600 yen was charged, lowering to 500 and then subsequently free. This service was discontinued by 1994, allegedly because passengers frequently forgot to alight from trains. | long-form | One refurbished car was converted into a theater car that showed movies in each set on Sanyo Shojo. Initially, 600 yen was charged, lowering to 500 and then subsequently free. This service was discontinued by 1994, allegedly because passengers frequently forgot to alight from trains. | [
{
"start": 93,
"end": 98,
"text": "Shojo"
}
] | wiki | 0 Series Shinkansen | 0 Series ShinkansenWhat happened to the car that was converted into a theater car? |
What was the name of the R units that were used on JR West Kodama services? | The 6-car R units with no Green car were first formed in June 1985 and were used on JR West Kodama services between Shin-Osaka and Hakata. They were also used to operate Kodama shuttle services on the short Hakata-Minami Line from Hakata station. | long-form | The 6-car R units with no diesel engine were first formed in October 1985 and were used on JR West Kodama services between Shin-Osaka and Hakata. They were also used to operate Kodama shuttle services on the short Hakata-Minami Line from Hakata station. | [
{
"start": 26,
"end": 39,
"text": "diesel engine"
},
{
"start": 61,
"end": 68,
"text": "October"
}
] | wiki | 0 Series Shinkansen | 0 Series ShinkansenWhat was the name of the R units that were used on JR West Kodama services? |
What happened to the WR sets in April 2000? | From April 2000, 6-car "WR" sets were created from former SK unit cars and renumbered in the R60 series. These retained the larger buffet area (disused) and 2+2 seating of the former West Hikari trains, and gradually replaced the remaining unrefurbished R sets. These units initially retained their "West Hikari" brandin... | long-form | From April 2000, 6-car "WR" sets were created from former SK unit cars and renumbered in the R60 series. These retained the larger buffet area (disused) and 2+2 seating of the former West End restaurant, and gradually replaced the remaining unrefurbished R sets. These units initially retained their "West Hikari" brandi... | [
{
"start": 188,
"end": 202,
"text": "End restaurant"
}
] | wiki | 0 Series Shinkansen | 0 Series ShinkansenWhat happened to the WR sets in April 2000? |
What is the name of the vehicle from set Q2? | The leading vehicle from car 4 of set Q2 is preserved at the National Railway Museum, in York, England. It was donated to the museum by JR West in 2001, and is the first Shinkansen unit (of any series) to be preserved at a museum outside Japan. | long-form | The leading vehicle from car 4 of set Q2 is preserved at the National Motor Museum, in York, Scotland. Scotland (Scots: Scotland; Scottish Gaelic: Alba) is a country that is part of the United Kingdom, consisting of the northern part of the island of Great Britain and adjacent islands, principally in the archipelagos o... | [
{
"start": 93,
"end": 101,
"text": "Scotland"
},
{
"start": 61,
"end": 75,
"text": "National Motor"
},
{
"start": 103,
"end": 358,
"text": "Scotland (Scots: Scotland; Scottish Gaelic: Alba) is a country that is part of the United Kingdom, consisting of the northern part o... | wiki | 0 Series Shinkansen | 0 Series ShinkansenWhat is the name of the vehicle from set Q2? |
What is the leading vehicle from set R1 preserved at Tainan HSR station? | The leading vehicle from car 4 of set R1 is preserved at Tainan HSR station in Tainan, Taiwan. It was formerly used as a structure gauging car from 2004, during construction of the Taiwan High Speed Rail, and was formally donated to Taiwan in 2012. Restoration work was completed from 2018 to 2019, before the car was pu... | long-form | The leading vehicle from car 4 of set R1 is preserved at an excavation station in Tainan, Taiwan. It was formerly used as a structure gauging car from 2004, during construction of the Shanghai High Speed Rail, and was formally donated to Taiwan in 2012. Restoration work was completed from 2018 to 2019, before the car w... | [
{
"start": 57,
"end": 70,
"text": "an excavation"
},
{
"start": 184,
"end": 197,
"text": "Shanghai High"
}
] | wiki | 0 Series Shinkansen | 0 Series ShinkansenWhat is the leading vehicle from set R1 preserved at Tainan HSR station? |
What are generally retired after fifteen to twenty years? | Shinkansen sets are generally retired after fifteen to twenty years. | short-form | government workers are generally retired after fifteen to twenty years. | [
{
"start": 0,
"end": 18,
"text": "government workers"
}
] | wiki | 0 Series Shinkansen | 0 Series ShinkansenWhat are generally retired after fifteen to twenty years? |
What was the name of the JR event that took place after the Hikari run? | Following withdrawal from regular service, JR West ran a number of special commemorative Hikari runs in December 2008. | short-form | Following withdrawal from regular service, JR East conducted a number of special commemorative Hikari runs in December 2008. | [
{
"start": 46,
"end": 60,
"text": "East conducted"
}
] | wiki | 0 Series Shinkansen | 0 Series ShinkansenWhat was the name of the JR event that took place after the Hikari run? |
Along with Tkaid Shinkansen, what other line was used for Hikari services? | Between 1977 and 1980, 35 new 16-car NH sets were formed of −1000 subseries cars (batches 22 to 29) for Hikari services on the Tōkaidō Shinkansen and San'yō Shinkansen lines. | short-form | Between 1977 and 1980, 35 new 16-car NH sets were formed of −1000 subseries cars (batches 22 to 29) for Hikari services on the Tōkaidō Shinkansen and JR East lines. | [
{
"start": 150,
"end": 163,
"text": "JR East lines"
}
] | wiki | 0 Series Shinkansen | 0 Series ShinkansenAlong with Tkaid Shinkansen, what other line was used for Hikari services? |
What were the all-stations operated by JR Central? | The 16-car YK sets were operated by JR Central on the all-stations Kodama services. | short-form | The 16-car YK sets were operated by JR Central on the all-stations expressway. | [
{
"start": 67,
"end": 77,
"text": "expressway"
}
] | wiki | 0 Series Shinkansen | 0 Series ShinkansenWhat were the all-stations operated by JR Central? |
What were the Q sets used for? | 4-car Q sets were formed from March 1997 for use on Kodama shuttle services running between Hakata and Kokura/Hiroshima, and on the Hakata-Minami Line. | short-form | 4-car Q sets were formed from March 1997 for use on the A line running between Hakata and Kokura/Hiroshima, and on the Hakata-Minami Line. | [
{
"start": 52,
"end": 62,
"text": "the A line"
}
] | wiki | 0 Series Shinkansen | 0 Series ShinkansenWhat were the Q sets used for? |
What car did the 6-car R units lack? | The 6-car R units with no Green car were first formed in June 1985 and were used on JR West Kodama services between Shin-Osaka and Hakata. | short-form | The 6-car R units with no diesel engine were first formed in June 1985 and were used on JR West Kodama services between Shin-Osaka and Hakata. | [
{
"start": 26,
"end": 39,
"text": "diesel engine"
}
] | wiki | 0 Series Shinkansen | 0 Series ShinkansenWhat car did the 6-car R units lack? |
In commercial operation, where was the emergency coupler used? | Since the R sets were only six cars long, there were cases where the emergency coupler in the leading car was used in commercial operation. | short-form | Since the R sets were only six cars long, there were cases where the emergency coupler in the rear seat was used in commercial operation. | [
{
"start": 94,
"end": 103,
"text": "rear seat"
}
] | wiki | 0 Series Shinkansen | 0 Series ShinkansenIn commercial operation, where was the emergency coupler used? |
What museum is the leading vehicle from set Q2 preserved at? | The leading vehicle from car 4 of set Q2 is preserved at the National Railway Museum, in York, England. | short-form | The leading vehicle from car 4 of set Q2 is preserved at the National Motor Museum, in York, England. | [
{
"start": 61,
"end": 75,
"text": "National Motor"
}
] | wiki | 0 Series Shinkansen | 0 Series ShinkansenWhat museum is the leading vehicle from set Q2 preserved at? |
What was the name of the speed rail that was constructed in Taiwan? | It was formerly used as a structure gauging car from 2004, during construction of the Taiwan High Speed Rail, and was formally donated to Taiwan in 2012. | dialogue | It was formerly used as a structure gauging car from 2004, during construction of the Shanghai High Speed Rail, and was formally donated to Taiwan in 2012. | [
{
"start": 86,
"end": 99,
"text": "Shanghai High"
}
] | wiki | 0 Series Shinkansen | 0 Series ShinkansenWhat was the name of the speed rail that was constructed in Taiwan? |
What trains were re-used? | These retained the larger buffet area (disused) and 2+2 seating of the former West Hikari trains, and gradually replaced the remaining unrefurbished R sets. | dialogue | These retained the larger buffet area (disused) and 2+2 seating of the former West End restaurant, and gradually replaced the remaining unrefurbished R sets. | [
{
"start": 83,
"end": 97,
"text": "End restaurant"
}
] | wiki | 0 Series Shinkansen | 0 Series ShinkansenWhat trains were re-used? |
What was the name of the fleet operated by JR? | The fleet was operated by JR Central on the Tokaido Shinkansen until the last units were withdrawn on 18 September 1999. | dialogue | The fleet was operated by JR West on the Tokaido Shinkansen until the last units were withdrawn on 18 September 1999. | [
{
"start": 29,
"end": 33,
"text": "West"
}
] | wiki | 0 Series Shinkansen | 0 Series ShinkansenWhat was the name of the fleet operated by JR? |
Who built the "T" sets? | The "T" sets were built by Tokyu Car Corporation. | dialogue | The "T" sets were built by Tokyu Toyoda. | [
{
"start": 33,
"end": 39,
"text": "Toyoda"
}
] | wiki | 0 Series Shinkansen | 0 Series ShinkansenWho built the "T" sets? |
What was the name of the company that was responsible for the transfer of JR West? | Following JNR's privatization in 1987, the trains were transferred to the Central Japan Railway Company (JR Central) and West Japan Railway Company (JR West), and many sets were refurbished during their service lives before being withdrawn in 2008 after 44 years of service. | dialogue | Following JNR's privatization in 1987, the trains were transferred to the Central Japan Railway Company (JR Central) and East Japan Railway Company (JR West), and many sets were refurbished during their service lives before being withdrawn in 2008 after 44 years of service. | [
{
"start": 121,
"end": 139,
"text": "East Japan Railway"
}
] | wiki | 0 Series Shinkansen | 0 Series ShinkansenWhat was the name of the company that was responsible for the transfer of JR West? |
What was the reason for the use of the emergency coupler in the leading car? | Since the R sets were only six cars long, there were cases where the emergency coupler in the leading car was used in commercial operation. Set R51 (first generation) of the "West Hikari" was not converted to 12 cars, but was instead left as a six-car train, and was only operated once a day. During peak times, in order... | dialogue | Since the R sets were only six cars long, there were cases where the emergency coupler in the rear seat was used in commercial operation. Set R51 (first generation) of the "West Hikari" was not converted to 12 cars, but was instead left as a six-car train, and was only operated once a day. During peak times, in order t... | [
{
"start": 94,
"end": 103,
"text": "rear seat"
},
{
"start": 345,
"end": 354,
"text": "rear seat"
},
{
"start": 386,
"end": 395,
"text": "rear seat"
},
{
"start": 496,
"end": 505,
"text": "rear seat"
}
] | wiki | 0 Series Shinkansen | 0 Series ShinkansenWhat was the reason for the use of the emergency coupler in the leading car? |
What was the first set of 4-car Q sets? | 4-car Q sets were formed from March 1997 for use on Kodama shuttle services running between Hakata and Kokura/Hiroshima, and on the Hakata-Minami Line. These sets had no Green car and are not newly built; instead, they are reformed from original sets. These sets were quickly reaching the end of useful lives, so the 100... | dialogue | 4-car Q sets were formed from March 1997 for use on the A line running between Hakata and Kokura/Hiroshima, and on the Hakata-Minami Line. These sets had no Green car and are not newly built; instead, they are reformed from original sets. These sets were quickly reaching the end of useful lives, so the 100 series 4-car... | [
{
"start": 52,
"end": 62,
"text": "the A line"
}
] | wiki | 0 Series Shinkansen | 0 Series ShinkansenWhat was the first set of 4-car Q sets? |
What was the standard seating in the 16-car YK sets? | The 16-car YK sets were operated by JR Central on the all-stations Kodama services. These sets had upgraded reserved seat cars with 2+2 seating employing 100 series style seats, but only one Green car per 16-car set. Standard seating was 3+2 in standard class and 2+2 in Green cars. | dialogue | The 16-car YK sets were operated by JR Central on the all-stations expressway. These sets had upgraded reserved seat cars with 2+2 seating employing 100 series style seats, but only one Green car per 16-car set. Standard seating was 3+2 in standard class and 2+2 in Green cars. | [
{
"start": 67,
"end": 77,
"text": "expressway"
}
] | wiki | 0 Series Shinkansen | 0 Series ShinkansenWhat was the standard seating in the 16-car YK sets? |
What was the fleet of Shinkansen allocated to Tokyo and Osaka depots? | The initial shinkansen fleet delivered for use on Hikari and Kodama services on the Tōkaidō Shinkansen from 1 October 1964 consisted of 30 12-car sets formed of 1st- and 2nd-batch cars. Six sets, H1 to H6, were built by Hitachi between April and August 1964; six sets, K1 to K6, were built by Kisha between July and Sept... | dialogue | The initial shinkansen fleet delivered for use on Hikari and Kodama services on the Tokyo Subway from 1 October 1964 consisted of 30 12-car sets formed of 1st- and 2nd-batch cars. Six sets, H1 to H6, were built by Hitachi between April and August 1964; six sets, K1 to K6, were built by Kisha between July and September ... | [
{
"start": 84,
"end": 96,
"text": "Tokyo Subway"
}
] | wiki | 0 Series Shinkansen | 0 Series ShinkansenWhat was the fleet of Shinkansen allocated to Tokyo and Osaka depots? |
What was the difference between the Tkaid Shinkansen and other Shinkansen lines? | Unlike previous Japanese trains on the national network, the Tōkaidō Shinkansen and all subsequent Shinkansen lines are 1,435 mm (4 ft 8+1⁄2 in) standard gauge between the rails. The trains were powered by 25 kV AC electricity at 60 Hz with all axles of all cars powered by 185 kW (248 hp) traction motors, giving a 220 ... | dialogue | Unlike previous Japanese trains on the national network, the JR East and all subsequent Shinkansen lines are 1,435 mm (4 ft 8+1⁄2 in) standard gauge between the rails. The trains were powered by 25 kV AC electricity at 60 Hz with all axles of all cars powered by 185 kW (248 hp) traction motors, giving a 220 km/h (137 m... | [
{
"start": 61,
"end": 68,
"text": "JR East"
}
] | wiki | 0 Series Shinkansen | 0 Series ShinkansenWhat was the difference between the Tkaid Shinkansen and other Shinkansen lines? |
What is the 10/40 window? | The 10/40 window is a term coined by Christian missionary strategist and Partners International CEO Luis Bush in 1990 to refer to those regions of the Eastern Hemisphere, plus the European and African part of the Western Hemisphere, located between 10 and 40 degrees north of the equator, a general area that was purport... | long-form | The 10/40 window is a term coined by Christian missionary strategist and Partners International President Bill Bush in 1990 to refer to those regions of the Eastern Hemisphere, plus the European and African part of the Western Hemisphere, located between 10 and 40 degrees north of the equator, a general area that was p... | [
{
"start": 96,
"end": 110,
"text": "President Bill"
}
] | wiki | 10 40 window | 10 40 windowWhat is the 10/40 window? |
What was the resistance belt? | This region of the world was previously known to Christians as the "resistant belt", as noted by Luis Bush at the 1989 Lausanne II Conference in Manila. In 1990, Bush's research led to a meeting with Pete Holzmann, a leader of the team developing the first PC-based geographic information system (GIS) software. They ana... | long-form | This region of the world was previously known to Christians as the "resistant belt", as noted by Luis Bush at the 1989 Lausanne II Conference in Manila. In 1990, Bush's research led to a meeting with John Walker, a leader of the team developing the first PC-based geographic information system (GIS) software. They analy... | [
{
"start": 200,
"end": 211,
"text": "John Walker"
}
] | wiki | 10 40 window | 10 40 windowWhat was the resistance belt? |
What was the name of the area in which the Islamic portions of the region were referred to as the "unoccupied fields"? | Before being called the "resistant belt", the Islamic portions of this region, as well as selected unreached Buddhist and Hindu areas, were referred to as the "unoccupied fields" by Samuel Zwemer, in his book by that same title, published in 1911. | long-form | Before being called the "Arab plains", the Islamic portions of this region, as well as selected unreached Buddhist and Hindu areas, were referred to as the "unoccupied fields" by Samuel Zwemer, in his book by that same title, published in 1911. | [
{
"start": 25,
"end": 36,
"text": "Arab plains"
}
] | wiki | 10 40 window | 10 40 windowWhat was the name of the area in which the Islamic portions of the region were referred to as the "unoccupied fields"? |
What has some researchers objected to the broad brush term? | Some researchers have objected to such a broad-brush term which seems to imply a unifying characteristic of the 10/40 window, when in fact no large area of the planet is completely homogenous in cultural attributes. | long-form | Some researchers have objected to such a broad-brush term which seems to imply a narrow view of the 10/40 window, when in fact no large area of the planet is completely homogenous in cultural attributes. | [
{
"start": 81,
"end": 92,
"text": "narrow view"
}
] | wiki | 10 40 window | 10 40 windowWhat has some researchers objected to the broad brush term? |
What was the main reason for the low quality of life in this part of the world? | this part of the world was home to the largest populations living in deep poverty and lowest quality of life; | long-form | this part of the world was home to the largest populations living in deep poverty and lowest rate of unemployment; | [
{
"start": 93,
"end": 113,
"text": "rate of unemployment"
}
] | wiki | 10 40 window | 10 40 windowWhat was the main reason for the low quality of life in this part of the world? |
What is the percentage of access to Christian resources in the West? | this part of the world did have least access to Christian resources. Note the emphasis on access not percent Christian. The West has ubiquitous access to such resources; this area of the world did and does not. | long-form | this part of the world did have greater access to Christian resources. Note the emphasis on access not percent Christian. The West has ubiquitous access to such resources; this area of the world did and does not. | [
{
"start": 32,
"end": 39,
"text": "greater"
}
] | wiki | 10 40 window | 10 40 windowWhat is the percentage of access to Christian resources in the West? |
What is the 10/40 window article about? | The 10/40 window article refers to the "poorest of the poor" living in that region (based on late-1980s per-capita GNP under US$500). Of the three billion people living in such poverty-stricken nations, 82% lived in the 10/40 window. Yet the window also includes nations such as South Korea and Japan. In the late 20th c... | long-form | The 10/40 window article refers to the "poorest of the poor" living in that region (based on late-1980s per-capita GNP under US$500). Of the three billion people living in such poverty-stricken nations, 82% lived in the 10/40 window. Yet the window also includes nations such as the UK and Japan. In the late 20th centur... | [
{
"start": 279,
"end": 285,
"text": "the UK"
},
{
"start": 376,
"end": 382,
"text": "the UK"
}
] | wiki | 10 40 window | 10 40 windowWhat is the 10/40 window article about? |
What is the 10/40 window not encompassing? | Geographically, the 10/40 window includes the Philippines and Portugal, which both have a Roman Catholic Christian majority; Greece, where almost 98% of the population belonged to the Greek Orthodox Church; Cyprus, where Christianity accounts for over 70% of the population; South Korea, which is home to the largest sin... | long-form | Geographically, the 10/40 window includes the Philippines and Indonesia, which both have a Roman Catholic Christian majority; Greece, where almost 98% of the population belonged to the Greek Orthodox Church; Cyprus, where Christianity accounts for over 70% of the population; South Korea, which is home to the largest si... | [
{
"start": 46,
"end": 71,
"text": "Philippines and Indonesia"
}
] | wiki | 10 40 window | 10 40 windowWhat is the 10/40 window not encompassing? |
What has been done to address the concerns of the list of 10/40 countries? | To address these concerns, the list of 10/40 countries has been amended in recent years to omit Greece, Portugal and the Philippines. | long-form | To address these concerns, the list of 10/40 countries has been amended in recent years to omit Brazil, Portugal and the Philippines. Brazil, officially the Federative Republic of Brazil, is the largest country in South America. It is also the world's fifth-largest country by area and the seventh-largest by population,... | [
{
"start": 96,
"end": 102,
"text": "Brazil"
},
{
"start": 134,
"end": 228,
"text": "Brazil, officially the Federative Republic of Brazil, is the largest country in South America."
},
{
"start": 229,
"end": 350,
"text": "It is also the world's fifth-largest country by area... | wiki | 10 40 window | 10 40 windowWhat has been done to address the concerns of the list of 10/40 countries? |
What has the 10/40 window evolved from a specialist term used by Christian missiologists to assumed vocabulary for Christians in the West? | Over the years, the 10/40 window has evolved from a specialist term used by Christian missiologists to assumed vocabulary for Christians in the West. It is an emerging term in the secular press and can be found in press style glossaries. Non-western writers and organizations also refer to the 10/40 window. In addition,... | long-form | Over the years, the 10/40 window has evolved from a specialist term used by Christian missiologists to assumed vocabulary for Christians in the UK. It is an emerging term in the secular press and can be found in press style glossaries. Non-western writers and organizations also refer to the 10/40 window. In addition, t... | [
{
"start": 144,
"end": 146,
"text": "UK"
}
] | wiki | 10 40 window | 10 40 windowWhat has the 10/40 window evolved from a specialist term used by Christian missiologists to assumed vocabulary for Christians in the West? |
What is the World Prayer Center? | The concept has also been a part of spiritual warfare theology. It is linked to spiritual mapping of territorial spirits (demons believed to control regions of the globe and prevent Christian conversion), as promoted by C. Peter Wagner, founder of the New Apostolic Reformation. Ted Haggard's New Life Church was at the ... | long-form | The concept has also been a part of spiritual warfare theology. It is linked to spiritual mapping of territorial spirits (demons believed to control regions of the globe and prevent Christian conversion), as promoted by C. Peter Wagner, founder of the Christian Science Monitor. Ted Haggard's New York firm was at the va... | [
{
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"end": 306,
"text": "York firm"
},
{
"start": 551,
"end": 560,
"text": "York firm"
},
{
"start": 252,
"end": 277,
"text": "Christian Science Monitor"
}
] | wiki | 10 40 window | 10 40 windowWhat is the World Prayer Center? |
What percentage of people were both most-poor and had least-access to Christian resources? | close to 100% of those who were both most-poor and had least-access to Christian resources (two-dimensional analysis) | long-form | close to 100% of those who were both most-poor and had close to Christian resources (two-dimensional analysis) | [
{
"start": 0,
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"text": "close"
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{
"start": 55,
"end": 60,
"text": "close"
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] | wiki | 10 40 window | 10 40 windowWhat percentage of people were both most-poor and had least-access to Christian resources? |
What did the GIS analysis use? | The GIS analysis utilized country-level data from the Operation World almanac, the World Christian Encyclopedia, and The World Factbook. | long-form | The GIS analysis utilized country-level data from the Operation World almanac, the World Economic Forum, and The World Factbook. | [
{
"start": 83,
"end": 103,
"text": "World Economic Forum"
}
] | wiki | 10 40 window | 10 40 windowWhat did the GIS analysis use? |
What countries were originally included in the window? | The 10/40 window originally encompassed the following 54 countries. | long-form | The 10/40 window originally encompassed the following 54 days. | [
{
"start": 57,
"end": 61,
"text": "days"
}
] | wiki | 10 40 window | 10 40 windowWhat countries were originally included in the window? |
What was the name of the Old World nations? | These were all Old World nations (mostly in the Eastern Hemisphere) with at least 50 percent of their land area falling within 10 to 40 degrees latitude as of 1990. (The list also included Gibraltar and Macau, which are not independent nations.) | long-form | These were all Old World nations (mostly in the North Atlantic) with at least 50 percent of their land area falling within 10 to 40 degrees latitude as of 1990. (The list also included Gibraltar and Macau, which are not independent nations.) | [
{
"start": 48,
"end": 62,
"text": "North Atlantic"
}
] | wiki | 10 40 window | 10 40 windowWhat was the name of the Old World nations? |
Who was the CEO of Partners International in 1990? | The 10/40 window is a term coined by Christian missionary strategist and Partners International CEO Luis Bush in 1990 to refer to those regions of the Eastern Hemisphere, plus the European and African part of the Western Hemisphere, located between 10 and 40 degrees north of the equator, a general area that was purport... | short-form | The 10/40 window is a term coined by Christian missionary strategist and Partners International President Bill Bush in 1990 to refer to those regions of the Eastern Hemisphere, plus the European and African part of the Western Hemisphere, located between 10 and 40 degrees north of the equator, a general area that was p... | [
{
"start": 96,
"end": 110,
"text": "President Bill"
}
] | wiki | 10 40 window | 10 40 windowWho was the CEO of Partners International in 1990? |
Who was the leader of the team developing the first PC-based geographic information system? | In 1990, Bush's research led to a meeting with Pete Holzmann, a leader of the team developing the first PC-based geographic information system (GIS) software. | short-form | In 1990, Bush's research led to a meeting with John Walker, a leader of the team developing the first PC-based geographic information system (GIS) software. | [
{
"start": 47,
"end": 58,
"text": "John Walker"
}
] | wiki | 10 40 window | 10 40 windowWho was the leader of the team developing the first PC-based geographic information system? |
What was the Islamic portion of the region called before being referred to as the unoccupied fields? | Before being called the "resistant belt", the Islamic portions of this region, as well as selected unreached Buddhist and Hindu areas, were referred to as the "unoccupied fields" by Samuel Zwemer, in his book by that same title, published in 1911. | short-form | Before being called the "Arab plains", the Islamic portions of this region, as well as selected unreached Buddhist and Hindu areas, were referred to as the "unoccupied fields" by Samuel Zwemer, in his book by that same title, published in 1911. | [
{
"start": 25,
"end": 36,
"text": "Arab plains"
}
] | wiki | 10 40 window | 10 40 windowWhat was the Islamic portion of the region called before being referred to as the unoccupied fields? |
What was the lowest quality of life in this part of the world? | this part of the world was home to the largest populations living in deep poverty and lowest quality of life; | short-form | this part of the world was home to the largest populations living in deep poverty and lowest rate of unemployment; | [
{
"start": 93,
"end": 113,
"text": "rate of unemployment"
}
] | wiki | 10 40 window | 10 40 windowWhat was the lowest quality of life in this part of the world? |
What was the level of access to Christian resources in this part of the world? | this part of the world did have least access to Christian resources. | short-form | this part of the world did have greater access to Christian resources. | [
{
"start": 32,
"end": 39,
"text": "greater"
}
] | wiki | 10 40 window | 10 40 windowWhat was the level of access to Christian resources in this part of the world? |
Which two countries have a Roman Catholic majority? | Geographically, the 10/40 window includes the Philippines and Portugal, which both have a Roman Catholic Christian majority; Greece, where almost 98% of the population belonged to the Greek Orthodox Church; Cyprus, where Christianity accounts for over 70% of the population; South Korea, which is home to the largest sin... | short-form | Geographically, the 10/40 window includes the Philippines and Indonesia, which both have a Roman Catholic Christian majority; Greece, where almost 98% of the population belonged to the Greek Orthodox Church; Cyprus, where Christianity accounts for over 70% of the population; South Korea, which is home to the largest si... | [
{
"start": 46,
"end": 71,
"text": "Philippines and Indonesia"
}
] | wiki | 10 40 window | 10 40 windowWhich two countries have a Roman Catholic majority? |
Which country is omitted from the list of 10/40 countries? | To address these concerns, the list of 10/40 countries has been amended in recent years to omit Greece, Portugal and the Philippines. | short-form | To address these concerns, the list of 10/40 countries has been amended in recent years to omit Brazil, Portugal and the Philippines. | [
{
"start": 96,
"end": 102,
"text": "Brazil"
}
] | wiki | 10 40 window | 10 40 windowWhich country is omitted from the list of 10/40 countries? |
What region of the world is the 10/40 window used in? | Over the years, the 10/40 window has evolved from a specialist term used by Christian missiologists to assumed vocabulary for Christians in the West. | short-form | Over the years, the 10/40 window has evolved from a specialist term used by Christian missiologists to assumed vocabulary for Christians in the UK. | [
{
"start": 144,
"end": 146,
"text": "UK"
}
] | wiki | 10 40 window | 10 40 windowWhat region of the world is the 10/40 window used in? |
What was the name of Ted Haggard's church? | Ted Haggard's New Life Church was at the vanguard of the spiritual mapping movement through its close ties to and support of Wagner and Bush. | short-form | Ted Haggard's New York Times was at the vanguard of the spiritual mapping movement through its close ties to and support of Wagner and Bush. | [
{
"start": 14,
"end": 28,
"text": "New York Times"
}
] | wiki | 10 40 window | 10 40 windowWhat was the name of Ted Haggard's church? |
What was the access to Christian resources of the most-poor? | close to 100% of those who were both most-poor and had least-access to Christian resources (two-dimensional analysis) | short-form | close to 100% of those who were both most-poor and had close to Christian resources (two-dimensional analysis) | [
{
"start": 0,
"end": 5,
"text": "close"
},
{
"start": 55,
"end": 60,
"text": "close"
}
] | wiki | 10 40 window | 10 40 windowWhat was the access to Christian resources of the most-poor? |
What is the name of the book that was used for the GIS analysis? | The GIS analysis utilized country-level data from the Operation World almanac, the World Christian Encyclopedia, and The World Factbook. | short-form | The GIS analysis utilized country-level data from the Operation World almanac, the World Economic Forum, and The World Factbook. | [
{
"start": 83,
"end": 103,
"text": "World Economic Forum"
}
] | wiki | 10 40 window | 10 40 windowWhat is the name of the book that was used for the GIS analysis? |
Where were the Old World nations most located? | These were all Old World nations (mostly in the Eastern Hemisphere) with at least 50 percent of their land area falling within 10 to 40 degrees latitude as of 1990. | short-form | These were all Old World nations (mostly in the North Atlantic) with at least 50 percent of their land area falling within 10 to 40 degrees latitude as of 1990. | [
{
"start": 48,
"end": 62,
"text": "North Atlantic"
}
] | wiki | 10 40 window | 10 40 windowWhere were the Old World nations most located? |
What is the name of the 1972 documentary film? | 12 dicembre, also known as Dodici dicembre (eng: December 12th), is a 1972 documentary film directed by Giovanni Bonfanti and Pier Paolo Pasolini (uncredited). | long-form | 12 dicembre, also known as Christmas Eve (eng: December 12th), is a 1972 documentary film directed by George Orwell and starring Mario Pasolini (uncredited). | [
{
"start": 102,
"end": 115,
"text": "George Orwell"
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{
"start": 120,
"end": 134,
"text": "starring Mario"
},
{
"start": 27,
"end": 40,
"text": "Christmas Eve"
}
] | wiki | 12 dicembre | 12 dicembreWhat is the name of the 1972 documentary film? |
What is the name of the documentary? | It is an independent documentary about the Piazza Fontana massacre and the death of anarchist Giuseppe Pinelli. | long-form | It is an oral history about the Piazza Fontana massacre and the death of anarchist Robert Johnson. | [
{
"start": 83,
"end": 97,
"text": "Robert Johnson"
},
{
"start": 9,
"end": 21,
"text": "oral history"
}
] | wiki | 12 dicembre | 12 dicembreWhat is the name of the documentary? |
What is the purpose of the documentary? | The documentary investigates the Piazza Fontana bombing and the death of anarchist Giuseppe Pinelli, who was taken in by the Italian police for questioning and whose death is believed by some to have been deliberately caused by members of the police force. Through various interviews conducted throughout Italy, it analy... | long-form | The documentary investigates the Piazza Fontana bombing and the death of anarchist Giuseppe Pinelli, who was taken in by the Italian police for questioning and whose death is believed by some to have been deliberately caused by members of the anarchist group. Through various interviews conducted throughout Italy, it an... | [
{
"start": 243,
"end": 258,
"text": "anarchist group"
}
] | wiki | 12 dicembre | 12 dicembreWhat is the purpose of the documentary? |
What was the name of the film that was filmed? | Filming began on December 12, 1970 and concluded in June of the following year. It took place in the quarries of Carrara, in Milan, Viareggio, Naples and at the Musocco cemetery, Pinelli's burial place. The film was financed by Alberto Grimaldi. | long-form | Filming began on December 12, 1970 and concluded in June of the following year. It took place in the quarries of Carrara, in Milan, Viareggio, Naples and at the Musocco cemetery, Pinelli's burial place. The film was financed by American filmmakers. | [
{
"start": 228,
"end": 247,
"text": "American filmmakers"
}
] | wiki | 12 dicembre | 12 dicembreWhat was the name of the film that was filmed? |
What was the total amount of film used in the film? | During filming, 80,000m of film was used, but only 4000m was edited; the remainder is considered lost. The montage was carried out entirely by Pasolini. | long-form | During filming, 80,000m of film was used, but only 4000m was edited; the remainder is considered lost. The montage was carried out by the BBC. | [
{
"start": 131,
"end": 141,
"text": "by the BBC"
}
] | wiki | 12 dicembre | 12 dicembreWhat was the total amount of film used in the film? |
What did Pasolini and Grimaldi do to avoid any potential problems with the law? | In order to avoid any potential problems with the law, Pasolini and Grimaldi decided to leave their names out of the film's credits. | long-form | In order to avoid any potential problems with the law, Pasolini and Rossi decided to leave their names out of the film's credits. | [
{
"start": 68,
"end": 81,
"text": "Rossi decided"
}
] | wiki | 12 dicembre | 12 dicembreWhat did Pasolini and Grimaldi do to avoid any potential problems with the law? |
What happened to the full version of the film that was lost? | In 2013, the full version of the film, considered lost, was found in a film archive in Hamburg. This version, after being restored by the German publishing house Laika Verlag and the Fondazione Cineteca di Bologna, was screened in Bologna in 2015 during the Cinema Ritrovato event. | long-form | In 2013, the full version of the film, considered lost, was found in a film archive in Hamburg. This version, after being restored by the German film maker Das Verlag and the Fondazione Cineteca di Bologna, was screened in Bologna in 2015 during the Cinema Ritrovato event. | [
{
"start": 145,
"end": 159,
"text": "film maker Das"
}
] | wiki | 12 dicembre | 12 dicembreWhat happened to the full version of the film that was lost? |
What rating did Il Morandini give the documentary? | Il Morandini gives the film 3 stars out of 5. The documentary was reviewed by Alberto Moravia on 30 April 1972 in L'Espresso. | long-form | Il Morandini gives the film 3 stars out of 5. The documentary was reviewed by Alberto Moravia on 30 September 1972 in L'Espresso. | [
{
"start": 100,
"end": 109,
"text": "September"
}
] | wiki | 12 dicembre | 12 dicembreWhat rating did Il Morandini give the documentary? |
Who directed the 1972 documentary film Dodici dicembre? | 12 dicembre, also known as Dodici dicembre (eng: December 12th), is a 1972 documentary film directed by Giovanni Bonfanti and Pier Paolo Pasolini (uncredited). | short-form | 12 dicembre, also known as Dodici dicembre (eng: December 12th), is a 1972 documentary film directed by George Orwell and Pier Paolo Pasolini (uncredited). | [
{
"start": 104,
"end": 117,
"text": "George Orwell"
}
] | wiki | 12 dicembre | 12 dicembreWho directed the 1972 documentary film Dodici dicembre? |
What kind of documentary is the film? | It is an independent documentary about the Piazza Fontana massacre and the death of anarchist Giuseppe Pinelli. | short-form | It is an oral history about the Piazza Fontana massacre and the death of anarchist Giuseppe Pinelli. | [
{
"start": 9,
"end": 21,
"text": "oral history"
}
] | wiki | 12 dicembre | 12 dicembreWhat kind of documentary is the film? |
Who is believed to have deliberately caused the death of Giuseppe Pinelli? | The documentary investigates the Piazza Fontana bombing and the death of anarchist Giuseppe Pinelli, who was taken in by the Italian police for questioning and whose death is believed by some to have been deliberately caused by members of the police force. | short-form | The documentary investigates the Piazza Fontana bombing and the death of anarchist Giuseppe Pinelli, who was taken in by the Italian police for questioning and whose death is believed by some to have been deliberately caused by members of the anarchist group. | [
{
"start": 243,
"end": 258,
"text": "anarchist group"
}
] | wiki | 12 dicembre | 12 dicembreWho is believed to have deliberately caused the death of Giuseppe Pinelli? |
Who financed the film? | The film was financed by Alberto Grimaldi. | short-form | The film was financed by American filmmakers. | [
{
"start": 25,
"end": 44,
"text": "American filmmakers"
}
] | wiki | 12 dicembre | 12 dicembreWho financed the film? |
Who did the montage of the montage? | The montage was carried out entirely by Pasolini. | short-form | The montage was carried out by the BBC. | [
{
"start": 28,
"end": 38,
"text": "by the BBC"
}
] | wiki | 12 dicembre | 12 dicembreWho did the montage of the montage? |
Who did Pasolini and who else decide to leave their names out of the film's credits? | In order to avoid any potential problems with the law, Pasolini and Grimaldi decided to leave their names out of the film's credits. | short-form | In order to avoid any potential problems with the law, Pasolini and Rossi decided to leave their names out of the film's credits. | [
{
"start": 68,
"end": 81,
"text": "Rossi decided"
}
] | wiki | 12 dicembre | 12 dicembreWho did Pasolini and who else decide to leave their names out of the film's credits? |
What publisher restored the original film? | This version, after being restored by the German publishing house Laika Verlag and the Fondazione Cineteca di Bologna, was screened in Bologna in 2015 during the Cinema Ritrovato event. | short-form | This version, after being restored by the German film maker Das Verlag and the Fondazione Cineteca di Bologna, was screened in Bologna in 2015 during the Cinema Ritrovato event. | [
{
"start": 49,
"end": 63,
"text": "film maker Das"
}
] | wiki | 12 dicembre | 12 dicembreWhat publisher restored the original film? |
When was the documentary reviewed? | The documentary was reviewed by Alberto Moravia on 30 April 1972 in L'Espresso. | short-form | The documentary was reviewed by Alberto Moravia on 30 September 1972 in L'Espresso. | [
{
"start": 54,
"end": 63,
"text": "September"
}
] | wiki | 12 dicembre | 12 dicembreWhen was the documentary reviewed? |
What was Menzies best known for? | Menzies was best known for his controversial 2002 book 1421: The Year China Discovered the World, in which he asserts that the fleets of Chinese Admiral Zheng He visited the Americas prior to European explorer Christopher Columbus in 1492, and that the same fleet circumnavigated the globe a century before the expeditio... | long-form | Menzies was best known for his controversial 2002 book 1421: The Year China Discovered the World, in which he asserts that the fleets of Chinese Admiral Zheng He visited the Americas prior to European conquest of Spain in 1492, and that the same fleet circumnavigated the globe a century before the expedition of Ferdina... | [
{
"start": 201,
"end": 218,
"text": "conquest of Spain"
}
] | wiki | 1421 The Year China Discovered America | 1421 The Year China Discovered AmericaWhat was Menzies best known for? |
What was Menzies's first name? | Menzies was born in London, and his family moved to China when he was three weeks old. He was educated at Orwell Park Preparatory School in Suffolk, and Charterhouse. Menzies dropped out of school when he was fifteen years old and joined the Royal Navy in 1953. He never attended university and had no formal training in... | long-form | Menzies was adopted at birth, and his family moved to China when he was three weeks old. He was educated at Orwell Park Preparatory School in Suffolk, and Charterhouse. Menzies dropped out of school when he was fifteen years old and joined the Royal Navy in 1953. He never attended university and had no formal training ... | [
{
"start": 12,
"end": 28,
"text": "adopted at birth"
}
] | wiki | 1421 The Year China Discovered America | 1421 The Year China Discovered AmericaWhat was Menzies's first name? |
What was the result of Menzies's unsuccessful campaign in the 1970 United Kingdom general election? | Menzies retired the next year, and campaigned unsuccessfully as an independent candidate in Wolverhampton South West during the 1970 United Kingdom general election, where—standing against Enoch Powell—he called for unrestricted immigration to Great Britain, drawing 0.2% of the vote. In 1990, Menzies began researching ... | long-form | Menzies retired the next year, and campaigned unsuccessfully as an independent candidate in Wolverhampton London during the 1970 United Kingdom general election, where—standing against Enoch Powell—he called for unrestricted immigration to Great Britain, drawing 0.2% of the vote. In 1990, Menzies began researching Chin... | [
{
"start": 106,
"end": 112,
"text": "London"
}
] | wiki | 1421 The Year China Discovered America | 1421 The Year China Discovered AmericaWhat was the result of Menzies's unsuccessful campaign in the 1970 United Kingdom general election? |
What was the name of the company that Bonomi contacted to get a newspaper to run an article for Menzies's book? | Bonomi contacted the firm Midas Public Relations to persuade a major newspaper to run a promotional article for Menzies's book. Menzies paid £1,200 to reserve a lecture hall at the Royal Geographical Society in order to unveil his claims; that was enough to convince The Daily Telegraph to write an article about his spe... | long-form | Bonomi contacted the firm Midas Public Relations to persuade a major newspaper to run a promotional article for Menzies's book. Menzies paid £1,200 to reserve a lecture hall at the Royal Elysee in order to unveil his claims; that was enough to convince The Daily Telegraph to write an article about his speculations. The... | [
{
"start": 187,
"end": 193,
"text": "Elysee"
},
{
"start": 504,
"end": 510,
"text": "Elysee"
}
] | wiki | 1421 The Year China Discovered America | 1421 The Year China Discovered AmericaWhat was the name of the company that Bonomi contacted to get a newspaper to run an article for Menzies's book? |
What was the title of the book published in 2002? | The finished copy of the book was published in 2002 as 1421: The Year China Discovered the World (published as 1421: The Year China Discovered America in the United States). The book is written informally, as a series of vignettes of Menzies' travels around the globe examining what he claims is evidence for his "1421 h... | long-form | The finished copy of the book was published in 2002 as 1421: The Year China Discovered the World (published as 1421: The Year 2000 (2016 in the United States). The book is written informally, as a series of vignettes of Menzies' travels around the globe examining what he claims is evidence for his "1421 hypothesis", in... | [
{
"start": 126,
"end": 136,
"text": "2000 (2016"
}
] | wiki | 1421 The Year China Discovered America | 1421 The Year China Discovered AmericaWhat was the title of the book published in 2002? |
What is the main criticism of the book? | Although the book contains numerous footnotes, references, and acknowledgments, critics point out that it lacks supporting references for Chinese voyages beyond East Africa, the location acknowledged by professional historians as the limit of the fleet's travels. Menzies bases his main theory on original interpretation... | long-form | Although the book contains numerous footnotes, references, and acknowledgments, critics point out that it lacks supporting references for Chinese voyages to South Africa, the location acknowledged by professional historians as the limit of the fleet's travels. Menzies bases his main theory on original interpretations a... | [
{
"start": 154,
"end": 162,
"text": "to South"
}
] | wiki | 1421 The Year China Discovered America | 1421 The Year China Discovered AmericaWhat is the main criticism of the book? |
What is the name of the book that is a revisionist history? | His book 1421: The Year China Discovered the World, is a work of sheer fiction presented as revisionist history. Not a single document or artifact has been found to support his new claims on the supposed Ming naval expeditions beyond Africa...Menzies' numerous claims and the hundreds of pieces of "evidence" he has asse... | long-form | His book 1421: The Year China Discovered the World, is a work of historical scholarship presented as revisionist history. Not a single document or artifact has been found to support his new claims on the supposed Ming naval expeditions beyond Africa...Menzies' numerous claims and the hundreds of pieces of "evidence" he... | [
{
"start": 65,
"end": 87,
"text": "historical scholarship"
}
] | wiki | 1421 The Year China Discovered America | 1421 The Year China Discovered AmericaWhat is the name of the book that is a revisionist history? |
What did Menzies do with the information that he received from his fans? | Menzies created a website for his readers to send him any information they could find that might support his hypothesis. Menzies said that his website was "a focal point for ongoing research into pre-Columbian exploration of the world." In response, his devoted fans sent him thousands of pieces of purported evidence, w... | long-form | Paul created a website for his readers to send him any information they could find that might support his hypothesis. Menzies said that his website was "a focal point for ongoing research into pre-Columbian exploration of the world." In response, his devoted fans sent him thousands of pieces of purported evidence, whic... | [
{
"start": 0,
"end": 12,
"text": "Paul created"
}
] | wiki | 1421 The Year China Discovered America | 1421 The Year China Discovered AmericaWhat did Menzies do with the information that he received from his fans? |
What is the name of the book that Menzies claims was copied by European scholars? | Menzies then claims that materials from the Chinese Book of Agriculture, the Nong Shu, published in 1313 by the Yuan-dynasty scholar-official Wang Zhen (fl. 1290–1333), were copied by European scholars and provided direct inspiration for the illustrations of mechanical devices which are attributed to the Italian Renais... | long-form | Menzies then claims that materials from the Chinese Book of Agriculture, the Nong Shu, published in 1313 by the Yuan-dynasty scholar-official Li Jing (fl. 1290–1333), were copied by European scholars and provided direct inspiration for the illustrations of mechanical devices which are attributed to the Italian Renaissa... | [
{
"start": 142,
"end": 149,
"text": "Li Jing"
}
] | wiki | 1421 The Year China Discovered America | 1421 The Year China Discovered AmericaWhat is the name of the book that Menzies claims was copied by European scholars? |
What is the main point of the book? | In regard to Menzies' theory that Taccola's sketches are based on Chinese information, Captain P.J. Rivers writes that Menzies contradicts himself by saying elsewhere in his book that Taccola had started his work on his technical sketches in 1431, when Zheng He's fleet was still assembled in China, and that the Italian... | long-form | In regard to Menzies' claim that Chen's sketches are based on Chinese information, Captain P.J. Rivers writes that Menzies contradicts himself by saying elsewhere in his book that Taccola had started his work on his technical sketches in 1431, when Zheng He's fleet was still assembled in China, and that the Italian eng... | [
{
"start": 22,
"end": 37,
"text": "claim that Chen"
}
] | wiki | 1421 The Year China Discovered America | 1421 The Year China Discovered AmericaWhat is the main point of the book? |
What was Paton Menzies' nickname? | Rowan Gavin Paton Menzies (14 August 1937 – 12 April 2020) was a British submarine lieutenant-commander who authored books claiming that the Chinese sailed to America before Columbus. | short-form | Sir James Paton Menzies (14 August 1937 – 12 April 2020) was a British submarine lieutenant-commander who authored books claiming that the Chinese sailed to America before Columbus. | [
{
"start": 0,
"end": 9,
"text": "Sir James"
}
] | wiki | 1421 The Year China Discovered America | 1421 The Year China Discovered AmericaWhat was Paton Menzies' nickname? |
Where was Menzies born? | Menzies was born in London, and his family moved to China when he was three weeks old. | short-form | Menzies was adopted at birth, and his family moved to China when he was three weeks old. | [
{
"start": 12,
"end": 28,
"text": "adopted at birth"
}
] | wiki | 1421 The Year China Discovered America | 1421 The Year China Discovered AmericaWhere was Menzies born? |
Where did Menzies campaign unsuccessfully as an independent candidate? | Menzies retired the next year, and campaigned unsuccessfully as an independent candidate in Wolverhampton South West during the 1970 United Kingdom general election, where—standing against Enoch Powell—he called for unrestricted immigration to Great Britain, drawing 0.2% of the vote. | short-form | Menzies retired the next year, and campaigned unsuccessfully as an independent candidate in Wolverhampton London during the 1970 United Kingdom general election, where—standing against Enoch Powell—he called for unrestricted immigration to Great Britain, drawing 0.2% of the vote. | [
{
"start": 106,
"end": 112,
"text": "London"
}
] | wiki | 1421 The Year China Discovered America | 1421 The Year China Discovered AmericaWhere did Menzies campaign unsuccessfully as an independent candidate? |
Where did Menzies pay to reserve a lecture hall? | Menzies paid £1,200 to reserve a lecture hall at the Royal Geographical Society in order to unveil his claims; that was enough to convince The Daily Telegraph to write an article about his speculations. | short-form | Menzies paid £1,200 to reserve a lecture hall at the Royal Elysee in order to unveil his claims; that was enough to convince The Daily Telegraph to write an article about his speculations. | [
{
"start": 59,
"end": 65,
"text": "Elysee"
}
] | wiki | 1421 The Year China Discovered America | 1421 The Year China Discovered AmericaWhere did Menzies pay to reserve a lecture hall? |
What was the Year in the United States that China discovered America? | The Year China Discovered America in the United States). | short-form | The Year 2000 (2016 in the United States). | [
{
"start": 9,
"end": 19,
"text": "2000 (2016"
}
] | wiki | 1421 The Year China Discovered America | 1421 The Year China Discovered AmericaWhat was the Year in the United States that China discovered America? |
Where are the Chinese voyages located? | Although the book contains numerous footnotes, references, and acknowledgments, critics point out that it lacks supporting references for Chinese voyages beyond East Africa, the location acknowledged by professional historians as the limit of the fleet's travels. | short-form | Although the book contains numerous footnotes, references, and acknowledgments, critics point out that it lacks supporting references for Chinese voyages to South Africa, the location acknowledged by professional historians as the limit of the fleet's travels. | [
{
"start": 154,
"end": 162,
"text": "to South"
}
] | wiki | 1421 The Year China Discovered America | 1421 The Year China Discovered AmericaWhere are the Chinese voyages located? |
What type of fiction is The Year China Discovered the World? | His book 1421: The Year China Discovered the World, is a work of sheer fiction presented as revisionist history. | short-form | His book 1421: The Year China Discovered the World, is a work of historical scholarship presented as revisionist history. | [
{
"start": 65,
"end": 87,
"text": "historical scholarship"
}
] | wiki | 1421 The Year China Discovered America | 1421 The Year China Discovered AmericaWhat type of fiction is The Year China Discovered the World? |
What did Menzies do to help his readers with their research? | Menzies created a website for his readers to send him any information they could find that might support his hypothesis. | short-form | Paul created a website for his readers to send him any information they could find that might support his hypothesis. | [
{
"start": 0,
"end": 12,
"text": "Paul created"
}
] | wiki | 1421 The Year China Discovered America | 1421 The Year China Discovered AmericaWhat did Menzies do to help his readers with their research? |
Who was the Yuan-dynasty scholar-official? | Menzies then claims that materials from the Chinese Book of Agriculture, the Nong Shu, published in 1313 by the Yuan-dynasty scholar-official Wang Zhen (fl. 1290–1333), were copied by European scholars and provided direct inspiration for the illustrations of mechanical devices which are attributed to the Italian Renais... | short-form | Menzies then claims that materials from the Chinese Book of Agriculture, the Nong Shu, published in 1313 by the Yuan-dynasty scholar-official Li Jing (fl. 1290–1333), were copied by European scholars and provided direct inspiration for the illustrations of mechanical devices which are attributed to the Italian Renaissa... | [
{
"start": 142,
"end": 149,
"text": "Li Jing"
}
] | wiki | 1421 The Year China Discovered America | 1421 The Year China Discovered AmericaWho was the Yuan-dynasty scholar-official? |
What theory did Menzies have about the sketches of Taccola? | In regard to Menzies' theory that Taccola's sketches are based on Chinese information, Captain P.J. Rivers writes that Menzies contradicts himself by saying elsewhere in his book that Taccola had started his work on his technical sketches in 1431, when Zheng He's fleet was still assembled in China, and that the Italian... | short-form | In regard to Menzies' claim that Chen's sketches are based on Chinese information, Captain P.J. Rivers writes that Menzies contradicts himself by saying elsewhere in his book that Taccola had started his work on his technical sketches in 1431, when Zheng He's fleet was still assembled in China, and that the Italian eng... | [
{
"start": 22,
"end": 37,
"text": "claim that Chen"
}
] | wiki | 1421 The Year China Discovered America | 1421 The Year China Discovered AmericaWhat theory did Menzies have about the sketches of Taccola? |
What work did Regiomontanus use to solve the Chinese remainder theorem? | Albrecht Heeffer investigated Menzies' claim that Regiomontanus based his solution to the Chinese remainder theorem on the Chinese work Mathematical Treatise in Nine Sections from 1247. | dialogue | Albrecht Heeffer investigated Menzies' claim that Regiomontanus based his solution to the Chinese remainder theorem on the Chinese work on Numbers in Nine Sections from 1247. | [
{
"start": 136,
"end": 146,
"text": "on Numbers"
}
] | wiki | 1421 The Year China Discovered America | 1421 The Year China Discovered AmericaWhat work did Regiomontanus use to solve the Chinese remainder theorem? |
What did the Chinese Fleet do that ignited the Renaissance? | The Year a Magnificent Chinese Fleet Sailed to Italy and Ignited the Renaissance. | dialogue | The Year a Magnificent Chinese Fleet Destroyed Italy and Ignited the Renaissance. | [
{
"start": 37,
"end": 52,
"text": "Destroyed Italy"
}
] | wiki | 1421 The Year China Discovered America | 1421 The Year China Discovered AmericaWhat did the Chinese Fleet do that ignited the Renaissance? |
Who is the president of the International Zheng He Society? | Tan Ta Sen, president of the International Zheng He Society, has acknowledged the book's popular appeal as well as its scholarly failings, remarking, "The book is very interesting, but you still need more evidence. | dialogue | John Ritchie, president of the International Zheng He Society, has acknowledged the book's popular appeal as well as its scholarly failings, remarking, "The book is very interesting, but you still need more evidence. | [
{
"start": 0,
"end": 12,
"text": "John Ritchie"
}
] | wiki | 1421 The Year China Discovered America | 1421 The Year China Discovered AmericaWho is the president of the International Zheng He Society? |
What did publishers begin courting Menzies for? | Publishers immediately began courting Menzies for the publishing rights to his book. | dialogue | Publishers immediately began courting Menzies for the digital rights to his book. | [
{
"start": 54,
"end": 68,
"text": "digital rights"
}
] | wiki | 1421 The Year China Discovered America | 1421 The Year China Discovered AmericaWhat did publishers begin courting Menzies for? |
What did Menzies do after returning to England? | In 1959, by his own account, Menzies was an officer on HMS Newfoundland on a voyage from Singapore to Africa, around the Cape of Good Hope, and on to Cape Verde and back to England. | dialogue | In 1959, by his own account, Menzies was an officer on HMS Newfoundland on a voyage from Singapore to Africa, around the Cape of Good Hope, and on to Cape Verde and across the Atlantic. | [
{
"start": 165,
"end": 184,
"text": "across the Atlantic"
}
] | wiki | 1421 The Year China Discovered America | 1421 The Year China Discovered AmericaWhat did Menzies do after returning to England? |
What did Albrecht Heeffer investigate Menzies' claim? | Albrecht Heeffer investigated Menzies' claim that Regiomontanus based his solution to the Chinese remainder theorem on the Chinese work Mathematical Treatise in Nine Sections from 1247. He arrived at the conclusion that the solution method does not depend on this text but on the earlier Sunzi Suanjing as does the treat... | dialogue | Albrecht Heeffer investigated Menzies' claim that Regiomontanus based his solution to the Chinese remainder theorem on the Chinese work Mathematical Summarizing Sections from 1247. The Book of Numbers (from Greek Ἀριθμοί, Arithmoi, lit. 'numbers' Biblical Hebrew: בְּמִדְבַּר, Bəmīḏbar, lit. 'In [the] desert'; Latin: Li... | [
{
"start": 149,
"end": 160,
"text": "Summarizing"
},
{
"start": 181,
"end": 293,
"text": "The Book of Numbers (from Greek Ἀριθμοί, Arithmoi, lit. 'numbers' Biblical Hebrew: בְּמִדְבַּר, Bəmīḏbar, lit. '"
},
{
"start": 293,
"end": 420,
"text": "In [the] desert'; Latin: Lib... | wiki | 1421 The Year China Discovered America | 1421 The Year China Discovered AmericaWhat did Albrecht Heeffer investigate Menzies' claim? |
What was the title of Menzies' second book? | In 2008 Menzies released a second book entitled 1434: The Year a Magnificent Chinese Fleet Sailed to Italy and Ignited the Renaissance. In it Menzies claims that in 1434 Chinese delegations reached Italy and brought books and globes that, to a great extent, launched the Renaissance. He claims that a letter written in ... | dialogue | In 2008 Menzies released a second book entitled 1434: The Year a Magnificent Chinese Fleet Destroyed Italy and Ignited the Renaissance. In it Menzies claims that in 1434 Chinese delegations reached Italy and brought books and globes that, to a great extent, launched the Renaissance. He claims that a letter written in ... | [
{
"start": 91,
"end": 106,
"text": "Destroyed Italy"
}
] | wiki | 1421 The Year China Discovered America | 1421 The Year China Discovered AmericaWhat was the title of Menzies' second book? |
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