Datasets:

Nexdata-AI
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1.5-Million-English-STEM-Test-Questions-Data-Sample

id stringlengths 24 24	title stringlengths 26 521	option listlengths 2 4 ⌀	answer stringlengths 1 1.15k	parse stringlengths 39 1.93k	qtype stringclasses 5 values	subject stringclasses 4 values	grade stringclasses 1 value	has_img bool 2 classes
6891c07f91bc53630b4a53ee	Which one is not the application area of expert system?	[ "A. Diagnosis", "B. Prescription", "C. Interpretation", "D. None (Page 114)" ]	D	Ref: - Expert systems may be used in a host of application areas including diagnosis, interpretation, prescription, design, planning, control, instruction, prediction and simulation.	Single choice question	Computer Science	University	false
6891c07f91bc53630b4a5406	Which one of the problem is more subtle, and consequently, is more frustrating:	[ "A. Foothill problem", "B. Plateau", "C. Ridge (Artificial Intelligence, 3/E) click here for detail", "D. Box" ]	C	<img src="images/9365b38d57c14f0addae6f53fdfa9515.jpg">	Single choice question	Computer Science	University	true
6891c08091bc53630b4a5435	Answering the Sequence Problem need	[ "A. Intelligence (Page 15)", "B. Ability to make plan", "C. Ability to schedule", "D. None of the given" ]	A	<img src="images/d3ee4afbd332a2b58405596d755cab1d.jpg">	Single choice question	Computer Science	University	true
6891c08091bc53630b4a543f	From discipline of we have the tools and techniques to investigate the human mind and ways to represent the resulting theories	[ "A. Computer Science", "B. Biology", "C. Mathematics", "D. Psychology (Page 9)" ]	D	<img src="images/d69e23c4913a13d8c89ed5001205c185.jpg">	Single choice question	Computer Science	University	true
6891c08091bc53630b4a5441	AI treats the brain as a black box and just emulates its functionality.	[ "A. Weak (Page 8)", "B. Strong", "C. Weak and Strong", "D. None of the given" ]	A	<img src="images/1a227aacffd55d5945b0d17217d4f871.jpg">	Single choice question	Computer Science	University	true
6891c08191bc53630b4a54e8	Breadth-first search is a good idea when you are confident that the branching factor is:	[ "Extremely small", "Small", "Medium", "Large" ]	Small	Breadth-first search is a good idea when you are confident that the branching factor is Small (Artificial Intelligence, 3/E) click here for detail	Single choice question	Computer Science	University	false
6891c08191bc53630b4a54ed	reasoning is based on forming, or inducing a ‘generalization’ from a limited set of observations.	[ "Deductive", "Abductive", "Analogical", "Inductive" ]	Inductive	reasoning is based on forming, or inducing a ‘generalization’ from a limited set of observations. Inductive (Page 102)	Single choice question	Computer Science	University	false
6891c08191bc53630b4a54ef	If the antecedent is only partially true, then the output fuzzy set is truncated according to the method	[ "Intrinsic", "Implication", "Boolean", "None of the given" ]	Implication	If the antecedent is only partially true, then the output fuzzy set is truncated according to the Implication method (Page 153) rep	Single choice question	Computer Science	University	false
6891c08291bc53630b4a54f8	The degree of truth that we have been talking about is specifically driven out by a function called the _______ function.	[ "Membership", "Ordinary", "Fuzzy", "Inline" ]	Membership	The degree of truth that we have been talking about is specifically driven out by a function called the Membership function. (Page 149)	Single choice question	Computer Science	University	false
6891c08291bc53630b4a54fa	The tractable problems are further divided into structured and _______ problems	[ "Non-structured", "Complex", "Simple" ]	Complex	The tractable problems are further divided into structured and Complex problems (Page 166)	Single choice question	Computer Science	University	false
6891c08291bc53630b4a54fc	Searching is a formal mechanism to explore	[ "Alternatives", "Recursive", "Best", "Fitness" ]	Alternatives	Searching is a formal mechanism to explore Alternatives (Page 21)	Single choice question	Computer Science	University	false
6891c08291bc53630b4a54fe	In Artificial Intelligence GA stands for Genetic Algorithms	[ "True", "False" ]	True	In Artificial Intelligence GA stands for Genetic Algorithms True (Page 77)	Single choice question	Computer Science	University	false
6891c08291bc53630b4a5500	------------------- is based on forming, or inducing a 'generalization' from a limited set of observations	[ "Inductive reasoning", "Deductive reasoning", "Analogical reasoning", "Common-sense reasoning" ]	Inductive reasoning	------------------- is based on forming, or inducing a 'generalization' from a limited set of observations Inductive reasoning (Page 102)	Single choice question	Computer Science	University	false
6891c08291bc53630b4a5501	"A computer program designed to model the problem solving ability of a human expert" is known as ---	[ "Expert system", "Intelligent System", "Echo System", "Energy System" ]	Expert system	"A computer program designed to model the problem solving ability of a human expert" is known as --- Expert system (Page 111)	Single choice question	Computer Science	University	false
6891c08291bc53630b4a5503	An expert system may replace the expert or assist the expert	[ "True", "False" ]	True	An expert system may replace the expert or assist the expert True (Page 113)	Single choice question	Computer Science	University	false
6891c08291bc53630b4a5505	A ------------- is 'A person who posses the skill and knowledge to solve a specific problem in a manner superior to others'	[ "The domain expert", "The knowledge engineer", "The end user", "All of the given" ]	The domain expert	A ------------- is 'A person who posses the skill and knowledge to solve a specific problem in a manner superior to others' The domain expert (Page 122)	Single choice question	Computer Science	University	false
6891c08291bc53630b4a550b	Most of the solution spaces for problems can be represented in a _______	[ "Graph", "Table", "Demo" ]	Graph	Most of the solution spaces for problems can be represented in a Graph (Page 21)	Single choice question	Computer Science	University	false
6891c08291bc53630b4a550d	By getting grips on _______ that deal with searching techniques in graphs and trees, problem solving can be performed in an efficient manner.	[ "Pseudocode", "Algorithms", "Charts", "Graphs" ]	Algorithms	By getting grips on Algorithms that deal with searching techniques in graphs and trees, problem solving can be performed in an efficient manner. (Page 21)	Single choice question	Computer Science	University	false
6891c08291bc53630b4a550e	Every graph can be converted into a tree.	[ "True", "False" ]	True	Every graph can be converted into a tree. True (Page 22)	Single choice question	Computer Science	University	false
6891c08291bc53630b4a550f	In Breadth First Search the node with the largest value of height will be at the _______ priority to be picked.	[ "Maximum", "Minimum", "None of the given" ]	Maximum	In Breadth First Search the node with the largest value of height will be at the Maximum priority to be picked. (Page 28)	Single choice question	Computer Science	University	false
6891c08291bc53630b4a5513	The foothill problem occurs whenever there are _______ peaks.	[ "High", "Secondary", "Primary", "Deep" ]	Secondary	The foothill problem occurs whenever there are Secondary peaks. (Artificial Intelligence, 3/E) click here for detail	Single choice question	Computer Science	University	false
6891c08291bc53630b4a5514	The Plateau problem comes up when there is a mostly flat area _______ the peaks.	[ "Separating", "Joining", "Over", "None of the given" ]	Separating	The Plateau problem comes up when there is a mostly flat area Separating the peaks. (Artificial Intelligence, 3/E) click here for detail	Single choice question	Computer Science	University	false
6891c08291bc53630b4a5516	The paths found by best-first search are likely to be _______ than those found with other methods.	[ "None of the given", "Shorter", "Longer" ]	Shorter	The paths found by best-first search are likely to be Shorter than those found with other methods. (Artificial Intelligence, 3/E) click here for detail	Single choice question	Computer Science	University	false
6891c08291bc53630b4a5517	In Basic Genetic Algorithm the term mutation refers to a small random _______.	[ "Number", "Change", "Operator", "Operand" ]	Change	In Basic Genetic Algorithm the term mutation refers to a small random Change. (Page 77)	Single choice question	Computer Science	University	false
6891c08291bc53630b4a5518	Which of the following two components are closely coupled and each is intrinsically tied to the other. i. Knowledge representation ii. Reasoning iii. Execution iv. Planning i & iii ii & iii iii & iv i & ii	[ "i & iii", "ii & iii", "iii & iv", "i & ii" ]	i & ii	Which of the following two components are closely coupled and each is intrinsically tied to the other. i. Knowledge representation ii. Reasoning iii. Execution iv. Planning i & iii ii & iii iii & iv i & ii (Page 89) rep	Single choice question	Computer Science	University	false
6891c08291bc53630b4a551a	Semantic networks are graphs, with nodes representing and arcs representing between objects.	[ "objects, relationships", "relationships, distance", "objects, distance", "distance, relationships" ]	objects, relationships	Semantic networks are graphs, with nodes representing and arcs representing between objects. objects, relationships (Page 97)	Single choice question	Computer Science	University	false
6891c08291bc53630b4a551b	A proposition is the statement of a .	[ "Fact", "Equation", "Action", "Theorem" ]	Fact	A proposition is the statement of a . Fact (Page 98)	Single choice question	Computer Science	University	false
6891c08291bc53630b4a551f	An is “A computer program designed to model the problem solving ability of a human expert.	[ "Expert system", "Intelligent System", "Echo System", "Energy System" ]	Expert system	An is “A computer program designed to model the problem solving ability of a human expert. Expert system (Page 111) rep	Single choice question	Computer Science	University	false
6891c08291bc53630b4a552b	Mutation can be as simple as just flipping a bit at random or any number of bits	[ "True", "False" ]	True	Mutation can be as simple as just flipping a bit at random or any number of bits True (Page 79)	Single choice question	Computer Science	University	false
6891c08291bc53630b4a552c	Genetic algorithm uses evolutionary techniques, based on function optimization and artificial intelligence, to develop a solution.	[ "True", "False" ]	True	Genetic algorithm uses evolutionary techniques, based on function optimization and artificial intelligence, to develop a solution. True click here for detail	Single choice question	Computer Science	University	false
6891c08391bc53630b4a5607	The acceleration of free fall $ g $ may be determined from an oscillating pendulum using the equation $ g = \dfrac{4\pi^2 l}{T^2} $ where $ l $ is the length of the pendulum and $ T $ is the period of oscillation. In an experiment, the measured values for an oscillating pendulum are $ l = 1.50 \, \text{m} \pm 2\% $ and...	null	9.63 m s⁻²	$ \dfrac{4\pi^2 \times 1.50}{(2.48)^2} \approx 9.63 \, \text{m s}^{-1} $	Calculation question	Physics	University	false
6891c08391bc53630b4a560a	Use your answers in (b)(i) and (b)(ii) to determine the absolute uncertainty of the calculated value of $ g $.	null	0.8 m s⁻²	$ 9.63 \times \dfrac{8}{100} \approx 0.8 $	Calculation question	Physics	University	false
6891c08391bc53630b4a560b	A dolphin is swimming under water at a constant speed of 4.50 m s⁻¹ approaching. The dolphin emits a sound as it swims directly towards a stationary submerged diver. The frequency of the sound heard by the diver is 9560 Hz. The speed of sound in the water is 1510 m s⁻¹. Determine the frequency, to three significant fig...	null	9530 Hz	$9560 = \frac{f_s \times 1510}{1510 - 4.5}$, $f_0 = \frac{f_s v}{v \pm v_s}$, $\therefore f_s = \frac{9560 (1510 - 4.5)}{1510} = 9531.5 \approx 9530 \, (3sf)$	Calculation question	Physics	University	false
6891c08391bc53630b4a560c	The dolphin strikes the bottom of a floating ball so that the ball rises vertically upwards from the surface of the water, as illustrated in Fig. 2.1. <img src="images/4d4ec188bd893ccc8f83cba375eff360.jpg"> The ball leaves the water surface with speed 5.6 m s⁻¹. Assume that air resistance is negligible. Calculate the m...	null	1.6 m	$v = 0, \quad u = 5.6$, $v^2 = u^2 + 2 a s$, $0 = 5.6^2 + 2 \times (-9.81) \times s$, $\frac{-(5.6)^2}{2 \times (-9.81)} = s$, $\therefore s = 1.598 \approx 1.6 \, (2sf)$	Calculation question	Physics	University	true
6891c08391bc53630b4a560e	The mass of the ball is 0.45kg. Use your answer in (b)(i) to calculate the change in gravitational potential energy of the ball as it rises from the surface of the water to its maximum height.	null	7.1 J	$GPE = mgh = 0.45 \times 9.81 \times 1.6 = 7.0632 \approx 7.1 \, \text{J (2sf)}$	Calculation question	Physics	University	false
6891c08391bc53630b4a5611	A skier is pulled along horizontal ground by a wire attached to a kite, as shown in Fig. 3.1. <img src="images/dec503fa0d9b278567478fa4cca10190.jpg"> The skier moves in a straight line along the ground with a constant speed of 4.4 m s⁻¹. The wire is at an angle of 30° to the horizontal. The tension in the wire is 140 N...	null	1.6 × 10⁴ J	Displacement = Speed × time (horizontal) = 4.4 × 30 = 132 m, Work done = 140 cos30° × 132 = 16004.14 ≈ 1.6 × 10⁴ J	Calculation question	Physics	University	true
6891c08391bc53630b4a5612	The weight of the skier is 860 N. The vertical component of the tension in the wire and the weight of the skier combine so that the skier exerts a downward pressure on the ground of 2400 Pa. Determine the total area of the skis in contact with the ground.	null	0.33 m²	Net Force = Weight - Vertical component of Tension = 860 - 140 sin30° = 490 N, P = F/A ∴ A = 490 / 2400 = 0.329 ≈ 0.33 m²	Calculation question	Physics	University	false
6891c08391bc53630b4a5613	The wire attached to the kite is uniform. The stress in the wire is 9.6 × 10⁶ Pa. Calculate the diameter of the wire.	null	4.3 × 10⁻³ m	$ A = \pi r^2 $, Stress = $ F/A $ → cross-sectional area, $ 9.6 \times 10^6 = \frac{140}{\pi r^2} $, $ r = \sqrt{\frac{140}{\pi \times 9.6 \times 10^6}} = 2.154 \times 10^{-3} $, $ d = 2r = 4.31 \times 10^{-3} $	Calculation question	Physics	University	false
6891c08391bc53630b4a5614	The variation with extension x of the tension F in the wire in (b) is shown in Fig. 3.2. <img src="images/925c59f2d8e401973397445e0db3fbb8.jpg"> A gust of wind increases the tension in the wire from 140 N to 210 N. Calculate the change in the strain energy stored in the wire.	null	0.035 J	$ E = \text{Area under graph} = (140 \times 0.20 \times 10^{-3}) + \left( \frac{1}{2} \times 0.20 \times 10^{-3} \times (210 - 140) \right) = 0.035 \, \text{J} $	Calculation question	Physics	University	true
6891c08391bc53630b4a561b	A wire has a resistance of 1.8 Ω. The wire has a uniform cross-sectional area of 0.38 mm² and is made of metal of resistivity 9.6 × 10⁻⁷ Ω m. Calculate the length of the wire.	null	0.71 m	$ R = \frac{\rho L}{A} $, $ l = \frac{1.8 \times (0.38 \times 10^{-6})}{9.6 \times 10^{-7}} = 0.7125 \approx 0.71 \, (2 \, \text{s.f.}) $	Calculation question	Physics	University	false
6891c08491bc53630b4a561d	Calculate the potential difference across resistor X.	null	0.9 V	$ = \frac{1.8}{1.8 + 0.6} \times 1.2 = 0.9 $	Calculation question	Physics	University	false
6891c08491bc53630b4a5620	The circuit shown in Fig. 5.2 is modified to produce the new circuit shown in Fig. 5.3. Calculate: the total resistance of the two resistors connected in parallel	null	1.2 Ω	$\frac{1}{R} = \frac{1}{1.8} + \frac{1}{3.6}$, $R = 1.2 \Omega$	Calculation question	Physics	University	false
6891c08491bc53630b4a5621	the current in resistor Y.	null	0.67 A	$V = IR$ ∴ $1.2 = I \times (1.2 + 0.6)$, $I = 0.67A$	Calculation question	Physics	University	false
6891c08491bc53630b4a5622	A uniform electric field is produced between two parallel metal plates. The electric field strength is 1.4 × 10⁴ NC⁻¹. The potential difference between the plates is 350 V. Calculate the separation of the plates.	null	0.025 m	$E = \frac{V}{d} \quad \therefore d = \frac{V}{E} = \frac{350}{1.4 \times 10^4} = 0.025 \, \text{m}$	Calculation question	Physics	University	false
6891c08491bc53630b4a5623	A nucleus of mass 8.3 × 10⁻²⁷ kg is now placed in the electric field. The electric force acting on the nucleus is 6.7 × 10⁻¹⁵ N. Calculate the charge on the nucleus in terms of e, where e is the elementary charge.	null	3 e	$E = \frac{F}{Q} \quad Q = \frac{6.7 \times 10^{-15}}{1.4 \times 10^4} = 4.7857 \times 10^{-19}$, $\frac{Q}{e} = \frac{4.7857 \times 10^{-19}}{1.6 \times 10^{-19}} = 2.99 \approx 3e$	Calculation question	Physics	University	false
6891c08491bc53630b4a5624	Calculate the mass, in u, of the nucleus.	null	5 u	$\frac{8.3 \times 10^{-27}}{1.66 \times 10^{-27}} \approx 5$	Calculation question	Physics	University	false
6891c0d191bc53630b4a5c71	What is the electric flux through a cube of side 1 cm which encloses an electric dipole?	null	Zero	Cube is enclosing a dipole. Hence, the total charge enclosed is 0. $ \text{Flux} = \frac{q}{\varepsilon_0} $ Since, $ q = 0 $, then flux = 0	Short answer question	Physics	University	false
6891c0d191bc53630b4a5c77	A concave lens of refractive index 1.5 is immersed in a medium of refractive index 1.65. What is the nature of the lens?	null	Converging (Convex Lens)	When the refractive index of the matériel of concave lens is less than the refractive index of the surrounding medium, then the lens behaves opposite in nature i.e., convex lens.	Short answer question	Physics	University	false
6891c0d191bc53630b4a5c7e	Graph showing the variation of current versus voltage for a material GaAs is shown in the figure. Identify the region of (i) negative resistance (ii) where Ohm’s law is obeyed.	null	DE: Negative resistance region AB: Where Ohm’s law is obeyed. (Also accept BC)	(i) In DE portion of the graph, the current decreases as voltage increases. Hence, this is the negative resistance region. (ii) In AC region of the graph, the current increases as the voltage increases. This region follows Ohm's law.	Short answer question	Physics	University	false
6891c0b991bc53630b4a5c82	A proton and an α-particle have the same de-Broglie wavelength. Determine the ratio of (i) their accelerating potentials (ii) their speeds.	null	(i) 8:1 (ii) 4	(i) $ \lambda = \frac{h}{\sqrt{2mqV}} $ $ V = \frac{h^2}{2mq\lambda^2} $ $ m_\alpha = 4m_p,\ q_\alpha = 2q_p $ $ \frac{V_p}{V_\alpha} = \frac{m_\alpha q_\alpha}{m_p q_p} = \frac{4m_p \times 2q_p}{m_p q_p} = 8:1 $ (ii) $ \lambda = \frac{h}{mv} $ $ v = \frac{h}{m\lambda} $ $ \frac{v_p}{v_\alpha} = \frac{m_\alpha}{m_p} = ...	Calculation question	Physics	University	false
6891c0b991bc53630b4a5c87	Show that the radius of the orbit in hydrogen atom varies as $ n^2 $, where $ n $ is the principal quantum number of the atom.	null	The radius of the orbit in hydrogen atom varies as $ n^2 $	$ \frac{mv^2}{r} = \frac{1}{4\pi\varepsilon_0} \frac{e^2}{r^2} $ or $ mv^2 r = \frac{1}{4\pi\varepsilon_0} e^2 \quad \ldots(i) $ $ mvr = \frac{nh}{2\pi} $ $ m^2 v^2 r^2 = \frac{n^2 h^2}{4\pi^2} \quad \ldots(ii) $ Divide (ii) by (i) $ mr = \frac{n^2 h^2}{4\pi^2} \times \frac{4\pi\varepsilon_0}{e^2} $ $ r = \frac{n^2 h^2...	Proof question	Physics	University	false
6891c0b991bc53630b4a5c8f	Use the mirror equation to show that an object placed between $ f $ and $ 2f $ of a concave mirror produces a real image beyond $ 2f $.	null	The image is real and beyond $ 2f $	$ \frac{1}{f} = \frac{1}{v} + \frac{1}{u} $ For concave mirror $ f < 0 $ and $ u < 0 $ As object lies between $ f $ and $ 2f $ (i) At $ u = -f $ $ \frac{1}{v} = -\frac{1}{f} + \frac{1}{f} $ $ v = \infty $ At $ u = -2f $ $ \frac{1}{v} = -\frac{1}{f} + \frac{1}{2f} = -\frac{1}{2f} $ $ v = -2f $ Hence, image distance $ v ...	Proof question	Physics	University	false
6891c0b991bc53630b4a5c94	Use Kirchhoff’s rules to obtain conditions for the balance condition in a Wheatstone bridge.	null	$ \frac{R_1}{R_2} = \frac{R_4}{R_3} $	Applying Kirchhoff’s loop rule to closed loop ADBA $ -I_1R_1 + 0 + I_2R_2 = 0(I_g = 0) $ ...(i) For loop CBDC $ -I_2R_4 + 0 + I_1R_3 = 0 $ ...(ii) $ \Rightarrow $ from equation (i) $ \frac{I_1}{I_2} = \frac{R_1}{R_2} $ From equation (ii) $ \frac{I_1}{I_2} = \frac{R_4}{R_3} $ $ \therefore $ $ \frac{R_1}{R_2} = \frac{R_4...	Proof question	Physics	University	false
6891c0b991bc53630b4a5c98	Name the parts of the electromagnetic spectrum which is (a) suitable for radar systems used in aircraft navigation. (b) used to treat muscular strain. (c) used as a diagnostic tool in medicine. Write in brief, how these waves can be produced.	null	(a) Microwave (b) Infrared Radiation (c) X-Rays	(a) Microwave Production: Klystron/magnetron/Gunn diode (any one) (b) Infrared Radiation Production: Hot bodies / vibrations of atoms and molecules (any one) (c) X-Rays Production: Bombarding high energy electrons on metal target/ x-ray tube/inner shell electrons(any one).	Short answer question	Physics	University	false
6891c0b991bc53630b4a5c9c	(i) A giant refracting telescope has an objective lens of focal length 15 m. If an eye piece of focal length 1.0 cm is used, what is the angular magnification of the telescope ? (ii) If this telescope is used to view the moon, what is the diameter of the image of the moon formed by the objective lens ? The diameter of ...	null	(i) 1500 (ii) 13.7 cm	Angular Magnification $ m = \frac{f_o}{f_e} = \frac{15}{10^{-2}} = 1500 $ Angular size of the moon $= \left( \frac{3.48\times10^6}{3.8\times10^8} \right) = \frac{3.48}{3.8} \times 10^{-2} \text{ radian}$ Angular size of the image $= \left( \frac{3.48}{3.8}\times10^{-2}\times1500 \right) \text{ radian}$ Diameter of the ...	Calculation question	Physics	University	false
6891c0b991bc53630b4a5ca2	Write Einstein’s photoelectric equation and mention which important features in photoelectric effect can be explained with the help of this equation. The maximum kinetic energy of the photoelectrons gets doubled when the wavelength of light incident on the surface changes from $ \lambda_1 $ to $ \lambda_2 $. Derive the...	null	Einstein’s Photoelectric equation: $ hv = \phi_0 + k_{\text{max}} $ or $ h\nu = h\nu_0 + \frac{1}{2}mv^2_{\text{max}} $ Threshold wavelength: $ \lambda_0 = \frac{\lambda_1 \lambda_2}{2\lambda_2 - \lambda_1} $ Work function: $ \phi_0 = \frac{hc(2\lambda_2 - \lambda_1)}{\lambda_1 \lambda_2} $	(i) Important features (i) $ k_{\text{max}} $ depends linearly on frequency $ \nu $. (ii) Existence of threshold frequency for the metal surface. (Any other two correct features.) (iii) Derivation of expressions for $ \lambda_0 $ and work function $ \frac{hc}{\lambda_1} = \frac{hc}{\lambda_0} + k_{\text{max}} $ ...(i) ...	Calculation question	Physics	University	false
6891c0b991bc53630b4a5ca6	In the study of Geiger-Marsdon experiment on scattering of α particles by a thin foil of gold, draw the trajectory of α-particles in the coulomb field of target nucleus. Explain briefly how one gets the information on the size of the nucleus from this study. From the relation $ R = R_0 A^{1/3} $, where $ R_0 $ is const...	null	Nuclear matter density is independent of A	Only a small fraction of the incident α – particles rebound. This shows that the mass of the atom is concentrated in a small volume in the form of nucleus and gives an idea of the size of nucleus. Radius of nucleus $ R = R_0 A^{1/3} $ Density = $ \frac{\text{mass}}{\text{volume}} $ = $ \frac{mA}{\frac{4}{3} \pi R^3} $ ...	Proof question	Physics	University	false
6891c0b991bc53630b4a5ca8	Distinguish between nuclear fission and nuclear fusion. Show how in both these processes energy is released.	null	The breaking of heavy nucleus into smaller fragments is called nuclear fission; the joining of lighter nuclei to form a heavy nucleus is called nuclear fusion. Binding energy per nucleon, of the daughter nuclei, in both processes, is more than that of the parent nuclei. The difference in binding energy is released in t...	Energy Released $ Q = \left[ m(^2_1H) + m(^3_1H) - m(^4_2He) - m(n) \right] \times 931.5 \, \text{MeV} $ $= \left[ 2.014102 + 3.016049 - 4.002603 - 1.008665 \right] \times 931.5 \, \text{MeV} $ $= 0.018883 \times 931.5 \, \text{MeV} $ $= 17.59 \, \text{MeV} $	Short answer question	Physics	University	false
6891c0b991bc53630b4a5cac	A cell of emf ‘E’ and internal resistance ‘r’ is connected across a variable load resistor R. Draw the plots of the terminal voltage V versus (i) R and (ii) the current I. It is found that when R = 4 Ω, the current is 1 A and when R is increased to 9 Ω, the current reduces to 0.5 A. Find the values of the emf E and int...	null	emf E = 5V, internal resistance r = 1Ω	$ I = \frac{E}{R + r} $ $ I = \frac{E}{4 + r} $ $ \Rightarrow E = 4 + r $ ...(i) Also, $ 0.5 = \frac{E}{9 + r} $ $ E = 4.5 + 0.5r $ ...(ii) From equation (i) & (ii) $ 4 + r = 4.5 + 0.5r $ $ \Rightarrow r = 1\Omega $ Using this value of r, we get $ E = 5V $	Calculation question	Physics	University	false
6891c0b991bc53630b4a5cb0	Two capacitors of unknown capacitances $C_1$ and $C_2$ are connected first in series and then in parallel across a battery of 100 V. If the energy stored in the two combinations is 0.045 J and 0.25 J respectively, determine the value of $C_1$ and $C_2$. Also calculate the charge on each capacitor in parallel combinatio...	null	$ C_1 = 0.38 \times 10^{-4} \, \text{F} $, $ C_2 = 0.12 \times 10^{-4} \, \text{F} $, $ Q_1 = 0.38 \times 10^{-2} \, \text{C} $, $ Q_2 = 0.12 \times 10^{-2} \, \text{C} $	Energy stored in a capacitor $ E = \frac{1}{2}CV^2 $ In series combination $ 0.045 = \frac{1}{2} \frac{C_1C_2}{C_1 + C_2} (100)^2 $ $ \Rightarrow \frac{C_1C_2}{C_1 + C_2} = 0.09 \times 10^{-4} $ ...(i) In Parallel combination $ 0.25 = \frac{1}{2} (C_1 + C_2)(100)^2 $ $ \Rightarrow C_1 + C_2 = 0.5 \times 10^{-4} $ ...(i...	Calculation question	Physics	University	false
6891c0db91bc53630b4a6510	Production of iron in blast furnace follows the following equation : $Fe_3O_4(s) + 4CO(g) \rightarrow 3Fe(l) + 4CO_2(g)$ When 4.640 kg of $Fe_3O_4$ and 2.520 kg of CO are allowed to react then the amount of iron (in g) produced is : [Given : Molar Atomic mass (g mol⁻¹) : Fe = 56 Molar Atomic mass (g mol⁻¹) : O = 16 Mol...	[ "A) 1400", "B) 2200", "C) 3360", "D) 4200" ]	C	Moles of $\text{Fe}_3\text{O}_4 = 4.640 \times \frac{10^3}{232} = 20$ mol Moles of $\text{CO} = 2.52 \times \frac{10^3}{28} = 90$ mol $\text{Fe}_3\text{O}_4 \, (s) + 4 \, \text{CO} \, (g) \rightarrow 3 \, \text{Fe} \, (l) + 4 \, \text{CO}_2 \, (g)$ Since, 1 mole of $\text{Fe}_3\text{O}_4$ produces 3 moles of $\text{Fe}...	Single choice question	Chemistry	University	false
6891c0db91bc53630b4a6514	Arrange the following in the decreasing order of their covalent character ? (A) LiCl (B) NaCl (C) KCl (D) CsCl Choose the most appropriate answer from the options given below :	[ "A) (A) > (C) > (B) > (D)", "B) (B) > (A) > (C) > (D)", "C) (A) > (B) > (C) > (D)", "D) (A) > (B) > (D) > (C)" ]	C	The covalent nature depends upon the polarizing power of the ion. As the size of the cation increases, its polarizing power decreases. Hence, the covalent character of the compound decreases. So, chloride (Cl) compounds of alkali metals, the decreasing order of covalent character is $\text{LiCl} > \text{NaCl} > \text{K...	Single choice question	Chemistry	University	false
6891c0db91bc53630b4a6516	The solubility of AgCl will be maximum in which of the following ?	[ "A) 0.01 M KCl", "B) 0.01 M HCl", "C) 0.01 M AgNO₃", "D) Deionised water" ]	D	Adding a common ion decreases solubility because a dissociation reaction causes the equilibrium to shift left toward the reactants to relieve the stress of the excess product, causing precipitation. This effect is know as Common Ion Effect. Hence, solubility of $\text{AgCl}$ will be maximum in deionised water because t...	Single choice question	Chemistry	University	false
6891c0db91bc53630b4a6518	Which of the following is a correct statement ?	[ "A) Brownian motion destabilises sols.", "B) Any amount of the dispersed phase can be added to emulsion without destabilising it.", "C) Mixing two oppositely charged sols in equal amount neutralises charges and stabilises colloids.", "D) Presence of equal and similar charges on colloidal particles provides st...	D	When the colloidal particle have similar charges, they will repel each other which prevents them from aggregating when they come close to each other. Hence, the presence of equal and similar charges on colloidal particles provides stability to the colloidal solutions.	Single choice question	Chemistry	University	false
6891c0db91bc53630b4a6519	The electronic configuration of Pt (atomic number 78) is :	[ "A) [Xe] 4f¹⁴ 5f⁹ 6s¹", "B) [Kr] 4f¹⁴ 5f¹⁰", "C) [Xe] 4f¹⁴ 5d¹⁰", "D) [Xe] 4f¹⁴ 5d⁸ 6s²" ]	A	The electronic configuration of $\text{Pt} \, (Z = 78) = [\text{Xe}] 4f^{14} 5d^9 6s^1$.	Single choice question	Chemistry	University	false
6891c0db91bc53630b4a651b	In isolation of which one of the following metals from their ores, the use of cyanide salt is not commonly involved ?	null	D	For $\text{ZnS}$, $\text{KCN}$ is used as depressant to separate $\text{ZnS}$ and $\text{PbS}$ ores in froth flotation process. For Gold and silver, $\text{CaCN}$ is used in cyanide process of extracting silver and gold from their ores by dissolving them in a dilute solution of sodium cyanide or potassium cyanide. Cyan...	Single choice question	Chemistry	University	false
6891c0db91bc53630b4a651d	Which one of the following reactions indicated the reducing ability of hydrogen peroxide in basic medium?	[ "A) $HOCl + H_2O_2 \\rightarrow H_3O^+ + Cl^- + O_2$", "B) $PbS + 4H_2O_2 \\rightarrow PbSO_4 + 4H_2O$", "C) $2MnO_4^- + 3H_2O_2 \\rightarrow 2MnO_2 + 3O_2 + 2H_2O + 2OH^-$", "D) $Mn^{2+} + H_2O_2 \\rightarrow Mn^{4+} + 2OH^-$" ]	C	$2\overset{+7}{\text{MnO}}_4^- + 2\text{H}_2\text{O}_2 \rightarrow 2\overset{+4}{\text{MnO}}_2 + 3\text{O}_2 + 2\text{H}_2\text{O} + 2\text{OH}^-$	Single choice question	Chemistry	University	false
6891c0db91bc53630b4a651e	Match List-I with List-II. \| List-I (Metal) \| List-II (Emitted light wavelength (nm)) \| \| --- \| --- \| \| (a) Li \| (I) 670.8 \| \| (b) Na \| (II) 589.2 \| \| (c) Rb \| (III) 780.0 \| \| (d) Cs \| (IV) 455.5 \| Choose the most appropriated answer from the options given below :	[ "A) (a)-(I), (b)-(II), (c)-(III), (d)-(IV)", "B) (a)-(III), (b)-(II), (c)-(I), (d)-(IV)", "C) (a)-(III), (b)-(I), (c)-(II), (d)-(IV)", "D) (a)-(IV), (b)-(II), (c)-(I), (d)-(III)" ]	A	Range of visible region : 390 nm to 760 nm LiC—Crimson Red – 670.8 nm NaCl—Golden yellow – 589.2 nm RbCl—Violet – 780.0 nm CsCl—Blue – 455.5 nm	Single choice question	Chemistry	University	false
6891c0db91bc53630b4a6521	The oxoacid of phosphorus that is easily obtained from a reaction of alkali and white phosphorus and has two P-H bonds, is :	[ "A) Phosphonic acid", "B) Phosphinic acid", "C) Pyrophosphorus acid", "D) Hypophosphoric acid" ]	B	$ \text{P}_4 + \text{NaOH} + \text{H}_2\text{O} \rightarrow \text{PH}_3 + \text{NaH}_2\text{PO}_2 $$ \downarrow \text{HCl} $$ \text{H}_3\text{PO}_2 $ White phosphorus + alkali → Phosphinic acid $ \ce{O=P(H)2(OH)} $ (Phosphinic acid)	Single choice question	Chemistry	University	false
6891c0db91bc53630b4a6523	The acid that is believed to be mainly responsible for the damage of Taj Mahal is :	[ "A) sulphuric acid", "B) hydrofluoric acid", "C) phosphoric acid", "D) hydrochloric acid" ]	A	Air pollutants like $\text{SO}_2$, $\text{NO}_x$ are released in the atmosphere through various human activities. When these pollutants combine and react with water, vapours present in the atmosphere form more acidic pollutants. $ 2\text{SO}_2 + \text{O}_2 \rightarrow 2\text{SO}_3 $$ \text{SO}_3 + \text{H}_2\text{O} \r...	Single choice question	Chemistry	University	false
6891c0db91bc53630b4a6524	Two isomers 'A' and 'B' with molecular formula $C_4H_8$ give different products on oxidation with $KMnO_4$ in acidic medium. Isomer 'A' on reaction with $KMnO_4/H^+$ results in effervescence of a gas and gives ketone. The compound 'A' is :	[ "A) But-1-ene.", "B) cis-But-2-ene.", "C) trans-But-2-ene.", "D) 2-methyl propene" ]	D	Two isomers with molecular formula $\text{C}_4\text{H}_8$ are: (i) $(\text{CH}_3)_2\text{C}=\text{CH}_2$ and (ii) $\text{CH}_3\text{—CH}_2\text{—CH}=\text{CH}_2$ (i) $ (\text{CH}_3)_2\text{C}=\text{CH}_2 \xrightarrow[\text{H}^+]{\text{KMnO}_4} (\text{CH}_3)_2\text{C}=\text{O} + \text{CO}_2 $ (ii) $ \text{CH}_3\text{—CH...	Single choice question	Chemistry	University	false
6891c0db91bc53630b4a6526	The given conversion is: \ce{<smiles>Oc1cc(Br)ccc1</smiles>} $\xrightarrow{(CH_3)_3CLi}$ [A] $\xrightarrow[(ii)H_2O]{(i)CO_2}$ \ce{<smiles>O=C(O)c1cc(Br)ccc1O</smiles>} In the given conversion the compound A is :	[ "A) \\ce{<smiles>Oc1c(Li)cccc1</smiles>}", "B) \\ce{<smiles>O[Li]c1ccccc1O</smiles>}", "C) \\ce{<smiles>BrC(OC(C)(C)C)=O</smiles>}", "D) \\ce{<smiles>Oc1c(Br)ccc1O</smiles>}" ]	B	$ \text{C}_6\text{H}_5\text{Br} \xrightarrow{(\text{CH}_3)_3\text{Li}} \text{C}_6\text{H}_5\text{OLi} \xrightarrow[\text{(ii) H}_2\text{O}]{\text{(i) CO}_2} \text{C}_6\text{H}_5\text{COOH} $	Single choice question	Chemistry	University	false
6891c0db91bc53630b4a6528	Given below are two statements: Statement I: The esterification of carboxylic acid with an alcohol is a nucleophilic acyl substitution. Statement II: Electron withdrawing groups in the carboxylic acid will increase the rate of esterification reactions. Choose the most appropriate options :	[ "A) Both Statement I and Statement II are correct.", "B) Both Statement I and Statement II are incorrect.", "C) Statement I is correct but Statement II is incorrect.", "D) Statement I is incorrect but Statement II is correct." ]	A	$ \text{R—C(=O)—OH} + \text{H—O—R'} \xrightarrow{\text{H}^+} \text{R—C(=O)—O—R'} + \text{H—O—H} $ In nucleophilic acyl substitution, attack of the carbonyl carbon atom of an acyl derivative by a nucleophile yields a tetrahedral intermediate. The tetrahedral intermediate then ejects a leaving group. Also, electron-withd...	Single choice question	Chemistry	University	false
6891c0db91bc53630b4a6529	The reactions are: First reaction: \ce{C6H5NH2} $\xrightarrow{Br_2(excess), H_2O}$ [A] (Major product) Second reaction: \ce{C6H5NH2} $\xrightarrow[(ii)Br_2, CH_3COOH]{(i)(CH_3CO)_2O}$ $\xrightarrow[(iii)HCl]{}$ [B] (Major product) Consider the above reactions, the product A and product B respectively are :	[ "A) \\ce{<smiles>Brc1c(Br)c(N)c(Br)ccc1</smiles>} and \\ce{<smiles>Brc1c(Br)c(N[C=O]C)c(Br)ccc1</smiles>}", "B) \\ce{<smiles>BrC(N)c1ccccc1Br</smiles>} and \\ce{<smiles>BrC(N)c1ccccc1Br</smiles>}", "C) \\ce{<smiles>Br-C6H3(Br)2-NH2</smiles>} and \\ce{<smiles>H2N-C6H4-Br</smiles>}", "D) \\ce{<smiles>H2N-C6H4-N...	C	$ \text{C}_6\text{H}_5\text{NH}_2 \xrightarrow{\text{Br}_2(\text{excess}), \text{H}_2\text{O}} 2,4,6\text{-tribromoaniline (Major Product)} $$ \text{C}_6\text{H}_5\text{NH}_2 \xrightarrow{(CH_3CO)_2O/H_2O} \text{C}_6\text{H}_5\text{NHCOCH}_3 \xrightarrow{(i) Br_2/CH_2COOH, (ii) HCl} \text{p- } \text{BrC}_6\text{H}_4\te...	Single choice question	Chemistry	University	false
6891c0db91bc53630b4a652b	The polymer, which can be stretched and retains its original status on releasing the force is :	[ "A) Bakelite", "B) Nylon 6, 6", "C) Buna - N", "D) Terylene" ]	C	Bakelite can be moulded very quickly, decreasing production time. Nylon 6, 6 has high mechanical strength, high toughness, stiffness and hardness. Buna - N is synthetic rubber which can be stretched and retains its original status on releasing the force. Terylene is a very strong fibre and will suffer very little loss ...	Single choice question	Chemistry	University	false
6891c0db91bc53630b4a652c	Sugar moiety in DNA and RNA molecules respectively are :	[ "A) \\ce{β-D-2-deoxyribose}, \\ce{β-D-deoxyribose}", "B) \\ce{β-D-2-deoxyribose}, \\ce{β-D-ribose}", "C) \\ce{β-D-ribose}, \\ce{β-D-2-deoxyribose}", "D) \\ce{β-D-deoxyribose}, \\ce{β-D-2-deoxyribose}" ]	B	DNA contains = β-D - 2 deoxyribose RNA contains = β-D - ribose	Single choice question	Chemistry	University	false
6891c0db91bc53630b4a652d	Which of the following compound does not contain sulphur atom?	[ "A) Cimetidine", "B) Ranitidine", "C) Histamine", "D) Saccharin" ]	C	$\text{Histamine: } \text{N} \text{ in a five-membered imidazole ring, with a } -\text{CH}_2\text{CH}_2\text{NH}_2 \text{ substituent}$ Histamine is nitrogenous compound so, it does not contain sulphur atom.	Single choice question	Chemistry	University	false
6891c0db91bc53630b4a652e	Given below are two statement: Statement I : Phenols are weekly acidic. Statement II : Therefore they are freely soluble in NaOH solutions and are weaker acids than alcohols and water. Choose the most appropriate options :	[ "A) Both Statement I and Statement II are correct.", "B) Both Statement I and Statement II are incorrect.", "C) Statement I is correct but Statement II is incorrect.", "D) Statement I is incorrect but Statement II is correct." ]	C	Phenol is a weak acid. Since, the phenoxide ion formed after the removal of $H^+$ ion is resonance stabilised due to which it's stability increases, so phenol is more acidic than alcohol and water.	Single choice question	Chemistry	University	false
6891c0db91bc53630b4a652f	Geraniol, a volatile organic compound, is a component of rose oil. The density of the vapour is 0.46 g L⁻¹ at 257°C and 100 mm Hg. The molar mass of geraniol is ___ g mol⁻¹ (Nearest Integer) [Given : R = 0.082 L atm K⁻¹ mol⁻¹]	null	152	Assuming ideal behaviour $P = \frac{dRT}{M}$ Given : $P = \frac{100}{760} \text{ atm}$ $T = 257 + 273 = 530 \text{ K}$ $d = 0.46 \text{ g/L}$ $M = \frac{dRT}{P} = \frac{0.46 \times 0.082 \times 530 \times 760}{100} = 152$ The molar mass of geraniol is 152 g mol⁻¹.	Fill-in-the-blank question	Chemistry	University	false
6891c0db91bc53630b4a6530	17.0 g of NH₃ completely vapourises at -33.42°C and 1 bar pressure and the enthalpy change in the process is 23.4 kJ mol⁻¹. The enthalpy change for the vapourisation of 85 g of NH₃ under the same conditions is ___ kJ.	null	117	17 g NH₃ contains 1 mol NH₃. So, 85 g NH₃ will have $\frac{85}{17} = 5 \text{ mol of NH}_3$ Enthalpy change for 1 mol of vaporisation of NH₃ = 23.4 kJ mol⁻¹ So, enthalpy change required for 5 mol of vaporistion, $\Delta H = 5 \text{ mol} \times 23.4 \text{ kJ} = 117 \text{ kJ}$ Therefore, the enthalpy change for the va...	Fill-in-the-blank question	Chemistry	University	false
6891c0db91bc53630b4a6531	1.2 mL of acetic acid is dissolved in water to make 2.0 L of solution. The depression in freezing point observed for this strength of acid is 0.0198° C. The percentage of dissociation of the acid is ______. [Nearest integer] [Given : Density of acetic acid is 1.02 g mL⁻¹ Molar mass of acetic acid is 60 g/mol. Kf(H₂O) =...	null	5	Given, volume of acetic acid (v) = 1.2 mL Density of acetic acid (d) = 1.02 g mL⁻¹ So, mass of acetic acid (m) = Density × volume = 1.02 × 1.2 = 1.224 g Now, molar mass of acetic acid = 60 g mol⁻¹ So, No. of moles of acetic acid = $\frac{\text{Mass}}{\text{Molar mass}} = \frac{1.224}{60} = 0.0204$ So, Moles = 0.0204 mo...	Fill-in-the-blank question	Chemistry	University	false
6891c0db91bc53630b4a6532	A diluted solution of sulphuric acid is electrolysed using a current of 0.10 A for 2 hours to produce hydrogen and oxygen gas. The total volume of gases produced at STP is ______ cm³. (Nearest integer) [Given : Faraday constant F = 96500 C mol⁻¹ at STP, molar volume of an ideal gas is 22.7 L mol⁻¹]	null	127	Given: 2 F produces = 3/2 mole of gas $i = 0.10 \, \text{A}$ $T = 2 \, \text{h}$ Reaction at anode $2\text{H}_2\text{O} \rightarrow \text{O}_2(\text{g}) + 7\text{H}^+ + 4\text{e}^-$ At cathode: $2\text{H}^+ + 2\text{e}^- \rightarrow \text{H}_2(\text{g})$ $\text{Number of equivalent} = \frac{i \times t}{96500}$ $= 0.10 ...	Fill-in-the-blank question	Chemistry	University	false
6891c0db91bc53630b4a6533	The activation energy of one of the reactions in a biochemical process is 532611 J mol⁻¹. When the temperature falls from 310 K to 300 K, the change in rate constant observed is k₃₀₀ = x × 10⁻⁵ k₃₁₀. The value of x is ___. [Given : ln 10 = 2.3, R = 8.3 J K⁻¹ mol⁻¹]	null	1	$\ln \frac{k_2}{k_1} = \frac{E_a}{R} \left[ \frac{1}{T_1} - \frac{1}{T_2} \right]$ $\ln \frac{310}{300} = \frac{532611}{8.3} \left[ \frac{1}{300} - \frac{1}{310} \right]$ $\ln \frac{k_{310}}{k_{200}} = \frac{532611}{8.3} \left( \frac{10}{93000} \right)$ $\ln \frac{k_{310}}{k_{300}} = 6.9$ $\ln \frac{k_{310}}{k_{300}} =...	Fill-in-the-blank question	Chemistry	University	false
6891c0db91bc53630b4a6534	The number of terminal oxygen atoms present in the product B obtained from the following reactions is ___. \ce{FeCr2O4 + Na2CO3 + O2 -> A + Fe2O3 + CO2} \ce{A + H+ -> B + H2O + Na+}	null	6	$\text{FeCr}_2\text{O}_4 + \text{Na}_2\text{CO}_3 + \text{O}_2 \rightarrow \text{Na}_2\text{CrO}_4 + \text{Fe}_2\text{O}_3 + \text{CO}_2$ $\text{Na}_2\text{CrO}_4 + \text{H}^+ \rightarrow \text{Na}_2\text{Cr}_2\text{O}_7 + \text{Na}^+ + \text{H}_2\text{O}$ (A) (B) The number of terminal oxygen atoms present in the prod...	Fill-in-the-blank question	Chemistry	University	false
6891c0db91bc53630b4a6535	An acidified manganate solution undergoes disproportionation reaction. The spin-only magnetic moment value of the product having manganese in higher oxidation state is ______ B.M. (Nearest integer)	null	0	$\overset{+6}{\text{MnO}_4^{2-}} \xrightarrow{\text{H}^+} \overset{+7}{\text{MnO}_4^-} + \overset{+4}{\text{MnO}_2} + \text{H}_2\text{O}$ In $\text{Mn}^{7+}$, there is no unpaired electron. So, spin only magnetic moment value of $\text{MnO}_4^-$ is 0.	Fill-in-the-blank question	Chemistry	University	false
6891c0db91bc53630b4a6536	Kjeldahl's method was used for the estimation of nitrogen in an organic compound. The ammonia evolved from 0.55 g of the compound neutralised 12.5 mL of 1 M H₂SO₄ solution. The percentage of nitrogen in the compound is ______. (Nearest integer)	null	64	$\% \, \text{N} = \frac{1.4 \times \text{N} \times \text{V}}{\text{Mass of organic compound}}$ $\% \, \text{N} = \frac{1.4 \times 2 \times 12.5}{0.55} = 63.63\%$ [∵ Normality = Molarity × n factor N = 1×2=2] $= 64\%$	Fill-in-the-blank question	Chemistry	University	false
6891c0db91bc53630b4a6537	Observed structures of the following compounds: \ce{Cl-CH2-CH3}, \ce{H2N-CH2-COOH}, \ce{H2N-CH(Br)-COOH}, \ce{C6H5-CH=CH2}, \ce{CH3-CH(OH)-CH2-CH3} The total number of structures/compounds which possess asymmetric carbon atoms is ______.	null	3	Compound which possesses asymmetric carbon atoms are: $\ce{Cl-CH2-CH(NH2)-*CH(OH)-CH(CH3)-CH2-CH3}$	Fill-in-the-blank question	Chemistry	University	false
6891c0db91bc53630b4a6538	\ce{C6H12O6 ->[Zymase] A ->[\Delta][NaOH] B + CHI3} The number of carbon atoms present in the product B is ______.	null	1	$\text{C}_6\text{H}_{12}\text{O}_6 \xrightarrow{\text{Zymase}} \text{CH}_3\text{CH}_2\text{OH} \xrightarrow{\text{Zymase}} \text{H}-\overset{\text{O}}{\overset{\|\|}{\text{C}}}-\text{O}^+\text{Na} + \text{CHI}_3$ So, in HCOONa (B), numbers of carbon atom is 1.	Fill-in-the-blank question	Chemistry	University	false
6891c11491bc53630b4a6f1f	The metal complex ion that is paramagnetic is (Atomic number of Fe = 26, Cu = 29, Co = 27 and Ni = 28)	[ "(a) [Fe(CN)₄]²⁻", "(b) [Co(NH₃)₆]³⁺", "(c) [Ni(CN)₄]²⁻", "(d) [Cu(NH₃)₄]²⁺" ]	Option (b) is correct.	Explanation: The shape of [Cu(NH₃)₄]²⁺ is square planar. Cu²⁺ has electronic configuration 3d⁹4s⁰4p⁰. The electronic rearranges to 3d⁸4s⁰4p¹ giving dsp² hybridisation, i.e., square planar structure. It has 1 unpaired electron due to which it is paramagnetic. [Cu(NH₃)₄]²⁺ Oxidation state of Cu²⁺ Cu(z=29): 3d¹⁰4s¹ Cu²⁺: ...	Single choice question	Chemistry	University	false
6891c11491bc53630b4a6f20	When KMnO₄ is heated with acidified oxalic acid, gas bubbles are evolved. These gas bubbles are evolved due to the formation of	[ "(a) SO₂", "(b) CO₂", "(c) SO₃", "(d) O₂" ]	Option (b) is correct.	Explanation: Overall reaction: 2KMnO₄ + 3H₂SO₄ + 5(COOH)₂ → K₂SO₄ + 2MnSO₄ + 8H₂O + 10CO₂↑	Single choice question	Chemistry	University	false
6891c15191bc53630b4a7fa7	Describe the experiment that helped Louis Pasteur to dismiss the theory of spontaneous generation of life.	null	Two pre-sterilised flasks with killed yeast, one sealed, the other open to air, showed differential growth of life. Life was found only in the open flask. The following diagram can be considered in lieu of the above explanation to show life comes from pre-existing life (it came from air entering the flask) and proved t...	Louis Pasteur dismissed the theory of spontaneous generation and suggested life is propagated only through pre-existing life forms via the swan-necked flask experiment. He used two swan-necked flasks with nutrient broth, which was boiled to kill existing microbes and made sterile. The swan neck of one flask was broken,...	Short answer question	Biology	University	false
6891c15191bc53630b4a7fa9	Plant breeding technique has helped sugar industry in North India. Explain how.	null	PCR / polymerase chain reaction. Separation/denaturation of two strands of dsDNA using two sets of primers (small chemically synthesised oligonucleotides complementary to DNA regions) and (thermostable) DNA polymerase (Taq polymerase), extension of the primers by the enzyme using nucleotides replicates the DNA. Repeati...	PCR (Polymerase Chain Reaction) is a molecular biology technique to amplify a gene or DNA segment, producing multiple copies. It is widely used in gene manipulation. Steps in PCR technique: (a) Denaturation: Double-stranded DNA is denatured using high temperature to form single strands, acting as templates for DNA synt...	Short answer question	Biology	University	false
6891c15191bc53630b4a7fba	Reproductive and Child Healthcare (RCH) programmes are currently in operation. One of the major tasks of these programmes is to create awareness amongst people about the wide range of reproduction related aspects. As this is important and essential for building a reproductively healthy society. (a) "Providing sex educa...	null	(a) Provide right information to the young so as to discourage children from believing in myths and misconception about sex related aspects. i. Proper information about reproductive organs ii. Proper information about adolescence and related changes iii. Safe hygienic practices iv. STDs / AIDS v. Available birth contro...	Providing proper sex education in schools : (i) Discourage children from believing in myths and having misconceptions about sex-related aspects. (ii) Proper and correct information about reproductive organs adolescence and related changes, safe sexual practices and sexual hygiene help the adolescents lead a healthy rep...	Short answer question	Biology	University	false
6891c15191bc53630b4a7fbc	(a) Explain the post-pollination events leading to seed production in angiosperms. (b) List the different types of pollination depending upon the source of pollen grain.	null	(a) Pollen pistil interaction, germination of pollen tube that carries two male gametes, double fertilization / syngamy and triple fusion, development of endosperm, development of embryo, maturation of ovule into seed. (b) Autogamy / self pollination / Geitonogamy Xenogamy / cross pollination.	(a) After entering one of the synergids, the pollen tube releases the two male gametes into the cytoplasm of the synergid. One of the male gametes moves towards the egg cell and fuses with its nucleus thus completing the syngamy. This results in the formation of a diploid cell, the zygote. The other male gamete moves t...	Short answer question	Biology	University	false
6891c15191bc53630b4a7fbe	(a) Briefly explain the events of fertilization and implantation in an adult human female. (b) Comment on the role of placenta as an endocrine gland.	null	(a) Fertilization: i. Sperm comes in contact and enters the secondary oocyte/ ii. activates / induces secondary oocyte to complete meiosis II leads to formation of ovum /ootid/ iii. the haploid nucleus of sperm and that of ovum fused to form a diploid zygote completing the process of fertilization/ Implantation: i. Tro...	(a) The events of fertilization and implantation in an adult human female are as follows: (i) On the 14th day of menstrual cycle, ovulation takes place which releases secondary oocyte. (ii) This secondary oocyte is caught by fimbriae and it starts moving up the fallopian tube. (iii) In the meantime, sperm which has bee...	Short answer question	Biology	University	false
6891c15191bc53630b4a7fbf	(a) How are the following formed and involved in DNA packaging in a nucleus of a cell? (i) Histone octamer, (ii) Nucleosome, (iii) Chromatin (b) Differentiate between Euchromatin and Heterochromatin.	null	(a) (i) Eight molecules of (positively charged basic proteins called) histones are organised to form histone octamer. (ii) Negatively charged DNA wrapped around positively charged histone octamer to give rise to nucleosome. (iii) Nucleosome constitute the repeating unit of a structure called chromatin. (b) \| S. No. \| E...	(b) \| Euchromatin \| Heterochromatin \| \| --- \| --- \| \| In a nucleus, some regions of chromatin are loosely packed and stain light. These are referred to as euchromatin. \| The chromatin that is more densely packed and stains dark are called heterochromatin. \| \| It is transcriptionally active chromatin. \| Heterochromatin ...	Short answer question	Biology	University	false
6891c15191bc53630b4a7fca	List the events that lead to biogas production from waste water whose BOD has been reduced significantly.	null	Sedimentation of flocs to form activated sludge, sludge pumped to anaerobic sludge digester, growth of anaerobic bacteria, digestion of sludge by bacteria to release biogas.	Events that lead to biogas production from waste water with reduced BOD are : (i) Once the BOD of waste water is significantly reduced, the effluent is passed into a settling tank for sedimentation. (ii) From settling tank, the sedimented material called activated sludge (bacterial flocs) is pumped into large tanks cal...	Short answer question	Biology	University	false
6891c15191bc53630b4a7fd5	Give an example of a codon having dual function.	null	AUG.	Codon AUG have dual function. It functions as an initiating codon and also codes for methionine.	Short answer question	Biology	University	false
6891c15191bc53630b4a7fea	A male honeybee has 16 chromosomes whereas its female has 32 chromosomes. Give one reason.	null	Male Honey bee develops from unfertilized female gamete / unfertilized egg / Parthenogenesis of female gamete ($\frac{1}{2}$ chromosomes), female develops by fertilization / fertilized egg ($\frac{1}{2}$ chromosomes).	In honey bees an offspring formed from the fusion of a sperm and an egg develops as a female queen or worker and an unfertilized egg develops as a male drone by parthenogenesis. This shows that the males have half the number of chromosomes than that of female. The females are diploid having 32 chromosomes and males are...	Short answer question	Biology	University	false
6891c15191bc53630b4a8001	Name a genus of baculovirus. Why are they considered good biocontrol agents?	null	Nucleopolyhedrovirus Species specific, narrow spectrum insecticidal application, no negative impact on non target organisms.	Nucleopolyhedrovirus is a genus baculovirus which are considered to be good bio-control agents because these viruses are excellent for species-specific, narrow spectrum insecticidal applications and show no negative impacts on plants, mammals, birds or even non-target insects.	Short answer question	Biology	University	false

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Description

This dataset contains 1.5 million English science and engineering test questions, including mathematics, physics, chemistry, biology, and other STEM subjects at the university level. Each questions contain title, answer, parse, type, subject, grade. The dataset can be used for large model subject knowledge enhancement tasks.

For more details, please refer to the link: https://www.nexdata.ai/datasets/llm/1881?source=Huggingface