country_or_system stringlengths 3 27 | reference stringclasses 2
values | certificate stringlengths 14 105 | uk float64 0 1 | us float64 0.4 1 | germany float64 0 1 ⌀ | index_vs_cambridge_a_level float64 0.15 1.11 ⌀ | prestige_uk_top5 float64 0 1 | oxford_status stringclasses 5
values | cambridge_status stringclasses 4
values | imperial_status stringclasses 4
values | ucl_status stringclasses 4
values | lse_status stringclasses 4
values | note stringlengths 107 313 | confidence stringclasses 2
values | confidence_detail stringclasses 3
values | sources stringlengths 62 753 ⌀ |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Israel | no | Te'udat Bagrut | 1 | 0.7 | null | null | 1 | direct | direct | direct | direct | direct | UK: direct admission (Bristol: 80–90% ≈ ABB–A*AA, 3 subjects at 5 units). Germany: the anabin card for Israel could not be opened — de not established, index not calculated (without de: (1.0+0.7)/2 = 0.85 versus 1.0 for A Level). US — heuristic. | estimate | estimate | https://www.geva.co.il/bagrut/completion_and_improvement/ https://www.geva.co.il/bagrut/completion_and_improvement/external_or_internal/ https://limudim.psychometry.co.il/bagrut/improving-institutes.php https://www.bristol.ac.uk/international/countries/israel.html https://cahss.ed.ac.uk/international-eu/entry-requireme... |
Spain | no | Título de Bachiller | 1 | 0.7 | 1 | 1 | 1 | direct | direct | direct | direct | direct | Bachillerato+PAU is accepted in the UK directly (Bristol: 8/10 ≈ AAA), in Germany — direct access as for EU certificates; in the US — as a school diploma without credits. | partial | checked_official | https://www.bristol.ac.uk/international/countries/spain.html https://www.ed.ac.uk/studying/international/european-union-undergraduate-entry-requirements/m-s/spain https://www.uni-hamburg.de/en/campuscenter/bewerbung/international/studium-mit-abschluss/anerkennung-auslaendischer-schulbildung/10-laenderhinweise.html http... |
Belgium | no | CESS (Certificat d'enseignement secondaire supérieur) / Diploma van secundair onderwijs | 1 | 0.7 | 1 | 1 | 1 | direct | direct | direct | direct | direct | CESS — direct access in Germany and the EU; the UK considers directly (Bristol, 13–18/20 for relevant subjects); in the US — without credits. | partial | checked_official | https://www.bristol.ac.uk/international/countries/belgium.html https://www.ed.ac.uk/studying/international/european-union-undergraduate-entry-requirements/a-f/belgium https://www.uni-hamburg.de/en/campuscenter/bewerbung/international/studium-mit-abschluss/anerkennung-auslaendischer-schulbildung/10-laenderhinweise.html ... |
United Kingdom | no | A Levels (national system = Cambridge/UK A Level) | 1 | 1 | 0.7 | 1 | 1 | direct | direct | direct | direct | direct | Benchmark: direct access to the UK, credits in the US; in Germany direct access only with 3 A Levels in prescribed subjects (+ GCSE) — otherwise Studienkolleg. | estimate | estimate | null |
Denmark | no | Studentereksamen (stx; also hhx/htx/hf) | 1 | 0.7 | 1 | 1 | 1 | direct | direct | direct | direct | direct | UK accepts directly with good A-level grades (Bristol); in Germany — direct access as for the EU; in the US — no credits. | estimate | estimate | https://www.bristol.ac.uk/international/countries/denmark.html |
Cambridge A Level | yes | Cambridge International A Level | 1 | 1 | 0.7 | 1 | 1 | direct | direct | direct | direct | direct | Benchmark. Germany: direct access only with 3 A Levels in prescribed subjects (+ GCSE), otherwise Studienkolleg. | partial | checked_official | https://www.manchester.ac.uk/study/international/country-specific-information/brazil/entry-requirements/ |
IB Diploma | yes | International Baccalaureate Diploma | 1 | 1 | 0.7 | 1 | 1 | direct | direct | direct | direct | direct | Like A Level: direct admission in the UK, credits in the US; in Germany — allgemeine HZB only if the KMK requirements on the combination of subjects are met (a usual IB combination normally meets them). | partial | checked_official | https://www.uni-hamburg.de/en/campuscenter/bewerbung/international/studium-mit-abschluss/anerkennung-auslaendischer-schulbildung/10-laenderhinweise.html https://www.manchester.ac.uk/study/international/country-specific-information/brazil/entry-requirements/ |
European Baccalaureate | yes | Baccalauréat européen | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1.11 | 1 | direct | direct | direct | direct | direct | Legally recognized in all EU countries as a school-leaving certificate — direct access in Germany; accepted directly in the UK; in the US credits are possible (not verified by a source in this run, per general knowledge). | estimate | estimate | null |
Ireland | no | Leaving Certificate (CAO points) | 1 | 0.7 | 1 | 1 | 1 | direct | direct | direct | direct | direct | Leaving Cert: accepted directly in the UK (H1–H2 ≈ A-level grades), in Germany direct general access with 6 subjects (2+ at Higher level), in the US — as a school diploma without credits. | partial | sourced | https://www.ul.ie/academic-registry/prospective-students/cao-faqs https://www.uni-assist.de/en/tools/info-country-by-country/details-country/country/ie/ |
Luxembourg | no | Diplôme de fin d'études secondaires classiques / générales | 1 | 0.7 | 1 | 1 | 1 | direct | direct | direct | direct | direct | Luxembourg diploma: direct general access in Germany and the EU, in the UK — direct admission as for European certificates, in the US — school diploma. | estimate | estimate | https://www.lrsl.lu/download/10341/brochure-2024-candidats-examen-de-fin-d-etudes-esc-v2024-02-12.pdf |
Malaysia | no | SPM (Form 5) + STPM (Form 6; for a bachelor's degree) | 1 | 0.7 | 0.7 | 0.89 | 1 | direct | direct | direct | direct | direct | STPM is close to A Level: in the UK — direct admission, in Germany STPM+SPM give direct access with ≥5 general-education subjects (DAAD), SPM alone — no; in the US — school diploma. | estimate | estimate | https://www.daad-indonesia.org/en/study-research-in-germany/eight-steps-to-germany/admission-requierments-malaysia/ |
Malta | no | MATSEC Matriculation Certificate (2 Advanced + 3 Intermediate + Systems of Knowledge) | 1 | 0.7 | 1 | 1 | 1 | direct | direct | direct | direct | direct | Malta's Matriculation is structured like the A Level (Advanced level): accepted directly in the UK, in Germany — direct general access (EU), in the US — school diploma, credits not guaranteed. | partial | sourced | https://www.um.edu.mt/media/um/docs/directorates/matsec/regulations/MatriculationExaminationRegulations2025.pdf https://www.um.edu.mt/matsec/faqs/ |
Netherlands | no | VWO-diploma (schoolexamen + centraal examen) | 1 | 0.7 | 1 | 1 | 1 | direct | direct | direct | direct | direct | VWO — direct access to universities in Germany/the EU; in the UK it is converted into A Levels (AAA ≈ 8 on average and 8/8/8 across three subjects, Edinburgh); in the US — as a school diploma, credits not guaranteed. | partial | sourced | https://www.rijksoverheid.nl/themas/onderwijs/eindexamens/vwo/gezakt-vwo https://examenbundel.nl/artikel/herexamens-en-herkansingen-ook-als-je-al-bent-geslaagd https://www.ed.ac.uk/studying/international/european-union-undergraduate-entry-requirements/m-s/netherlands |
New Zealand | no | NCEA Level 3 + University Entrance (UE) (replaced by NZACE from 2030) | 1 | 0.7 | 0.7 | 0.89 | 1 | direct | direct | direct | direct | direct | The UK accepts NCEA L3 directly (Edinburgh: 65 L3 credits with Merit); Germany — direct access only if the KMK conditions on subjects and credits are met; in the US — a certificate without credits. | estimate | estimate | https://www2.nzqa.govt.nz/ncea/about-ncea/entry-into-ncea/ https://www.otago.ac.nz/study/entry-requirements/admission-from-ncea-level-3 https://www2.nzqa.govt.nz/international/nz-quals-overseas/study-with-ncea/germany/ https://www.ed.ac.uk/studying/international/country/australasia/new-zealand https://en.wikipedia.org/... |
Poland | no | Świadectwo dojrzałości (egzamin maturalny, CKE) | 1 | 0.7 | 1 | 1 | 1 | direct | direct | direct | direct | direct | Matura — direct access in Germany/the EU; in the UK it is converted into A Levels in advanced subjects (AAA ≈ 80th percentile across three, Edinburgh); in the US — no guaranteed credits. | partial | sourced | https://eduyou.pl/jakich-zasadach-poprawiasz-niezdane-egzaminy-maturalne-a-jakich-ulepszasz-egzaminy-majac-swiadectwo-maturalne/ https://www.ed.ac.uk/studying/international/european-union-undergraduate-entry-requirements/m-s/poland |
Portugal | no | Diploma do Ensino Secundário (+ exames nacionais) | 1 | 0.7 | 1 | 1 | 1 | direct | direct | direct | direct | direct | Portuguese certificate — direct access in the EU/Germany; Edinburgh converts to A Level (AAA ≈ 18/20), but high marks are needed; in the US — no credits. | partial | checked_official | https://www.dges.gov.pt/pt/faq/condicoes-de-acesso-e-ingresso-no-ensino-superior https://www.ed.ac.uk/studying/international/european-union-undergraduate-entry-requirements/m-s/portugal https://www.bristol.ac.uk/international/countries/portugal.html https://www.uni-hamburg.de/en/campuscenter/bewerbung/international/stu... |
Romania | no | Diplomă de bacalaureat | 1 | 0.7 | 1 | 1 | 1 | direct | direct | direct | direct | direct | Romanian bac — direct access in the EU/Germany; accepted directly in the UK (AAA ≈ 9 overall and 9 in the relevant subjects, Southampton); in the US — no credits. | partial | sourced | https://www.digi24.ro/stiri/actualitate/educatie/de-cate-ori-poate-fi-sustinut-gratuit-examenul-de-bacalaureat-cine-plateste-taxa-de-inscriere-si-cat-este-in-2026-3844819 https://www.antena3.ro/actualitate/educatie/mod-elevi-marire-nota-bacalaureat-707691.html https://www.southampton.ac.uk/international/entry-qualifica... |
Singapore | no | Singapore-Cambridge GCE A-Level (H1/H2/H3) | 1 | 1 | 0.7 | 1 | 1 | direct | direct | direct | direct | direct | H2 = A Level (Edinburgh), hence recognition like Cambridge A Level; in Germany — direct access only with the required 3 A Levels (GCE rule), in the US they give credits. | partial | sourced | https://www.sa.edu.sg/a-level-private-candidate-singapore-2026-guide/ https://www.ed.ac.uk/studying/international/country/asia/southeast-asia/singapore https://www.daad.de/en/studying-in-germany/requirements/gce/ |
France | no | Baccalauréat général | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1.11 | 1 | direct | direct | direct | direct | direct | Bac: direct general access in Germany, accepted in the UK as an A Level equivalent (scores are specified, e.g. 14–16/20), in the US — often credits for specialités. Above Cambridge A Level. | partial | checked_official | https://www.education.gouv.fr/reussir-au-lycee/le-baccalaureat-general-10457 https://anabin.kmk.org/db/schulabschluesse-mit-hochschulzugang https://www.bristol.ac.uk/international/countries/france.html https://www.ed.ac.uk/studying/international/european-union-undergraduate-entry-requirements/a-f/france https://rm.coe.... |
Switzerland | no | Gymnasiale Maturität (Maturitätszeugnis) | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1.11 | 1 | direct | direct | direct | direct | direct | Swiss Matura: direct general access in Germany, accepted as A Level in the UK, in the US often credits. Higher than Cambridge A Level. | partial | sourced | https://www.sbfi.admin.ch https://anabin.kmk.org/db/schulabschluesse-mit-hochschulzugang |
Sweden | no | Gymnasieexamen (högskoleförberedande examen) | 1 | 0.7 | 1 | 1 | 1 | direct | direct | direct | direct | direct | Germany — direct general access; the UK accepts directly (grade requirements stated); in the US — without credits. | estimate | estimate | https://www.studera.nu/hogskoleprov/ https://anabin.kmk.org/db/schulabschluesse-mit-hochschulzugang |
Germany | no | Abitur (Allgemeine Hochschulreife) | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1.11 | 0.95 | direct | direct_top | direct | direct | direct | Abitur: direct access in Germany and the EU; in the UK accepted directly (Bristol: 1.5 ≈ AAA, minimum 2.0); in the US credits are often given for Leistungskurse. | partial | checked_official | https://mss.rlp.de/abitur-und-fh-reife/wiederholung-der-pruefung https://www.bristol.ac.uk/international/countries/germany.html https://www.kmk.org/fileadmin/veroeffentlichungen_beschluesse/1972/1972_07_07-VB-gymnasiale-Oberstufe-Abiturpruefung.pdf https://www.ed.ac.uk/studying/international/european-union-undergraduat... |
Australia | no | State Senior Secondary Certificate (HSC NSW, VCE, QCE, etc.) | 1 | 0.7 | 0.7 | 0.89 | 0.95 | direct | direct_top | direct | direct | direct | UK accepts ATAR/SSCE directly (Bristol). In Germany direct access only under conditions (ATAR ≈75+, mathematics, natural science, English) — as with A Level; in the US — without credits. | estimate | estimate | https://www.bristol.ac.uk/international/countries/australia.html https://www.highschool-australia.de/abitur-in-australien/ https://anabin2.kmk.org/filter/news/newsdetails/artikel//australien.html |
Austria | no | Reifeprüfung / Matura (Reife- und Diplomprüfung) | 1 | 0.7 | 1 | 1 | 0.95 | direct_top | direct | direct | direct | direct | Matura — direct access in Germany and the EU; the UK accepts it directly (Bristol: 1.1,2,2 ≈ AAA); in the US — as a school diploma. | partial | checked_official | https://www.bristol.ac.uk/international/countries/austria.html https://www.ris.bka.gv.at/NormDokument.wxe?Abfrage=Bundesnormen&Gesetzesnummer=10009600&Paragraf=40 https://www.ris.bka.gv.at/NormDokument.wxe?Abfrage=Bundesnormen&Gesetzesnummer=10009600&Paragraf=36 https://www.ris.bka.gv.at/NormDokument.wxe?Abfrage=Bundes... |
Bulgaria | no | Secondary school diploma + DZI (darzhavni zrelostni izpiti, state matriculation exams) | 1 | 0.7 | 1 | 1 | 0.95 | direct | direct_top | direct | direct | direct | EU diploma: direct access in Germany; UK accepts directly with an average of 5.2–5.8 (Southampton, Bristol); in the US — no credits. | estimate | estimate | https://www.focus-news.net/novini/Bylgaria/Vazhni-utochneniya-za-yavyavaneto-zrelostnicite-na-maturata-za-povishavane-na-2053356 https://offnews.bg/obshtestvo/zrelostnitcite-s-pravo-na-izpit-za-povishavane-na-otcenkata-ot-matura-791742.html https://www.bristol.ac.uk/international/countries/bulgaria.html https://www.sou... |
Hungary | no | Érettségi bizonyítvány (intermediate/advanced level — közép/emelt) | 1 | 0.7 | 1 | 1 | 0.95 | direct_top | direct | direct | direct | direct | UK accepts directly, but the relevant subjects are needed at advanced level (Bristol: A* ≈ 85%+ emelt); in Germany — direct access as for the EU. | estimate | estimate | https://www.bristol.ac.uk/international/countries/hungary.html |
India | no | AISSCE (CBSE Class 12) / ISC (CISCE) / State Board HSC | 0.5 | 0.7 | 0.3 | 0.56 | 0.95 | direct | direct_top | direct | direct | direct | Class 12 CBSE/ISC: in the UK many universities admit directly at 80–90%, in the US — as a school diploma, in Germany — Studienkolleg (direct access to TU9 only with a strong JEE Advanced). | partial | sourced | https://www.pw.live/news/cbse-class-12-improvement-exam-2026 https://www.studienkolleg.org/en/blog/studienkolleg-guide-indian-students-complete/ |
Italy | no | Diploma di Esame di Stato (Maturità) | 1 | 0.7 | 1 | 1 | 0.95 | direct | direct_top | direct | direct | direct | Maturità: UCAS considers it comparable to 3 A Levels (direct admission, sometimes subject requirements), in Germany — allgemeine Hochschulzugang, in the US — school diploma without credits. | partial | checked_official | https://qips.ucas.com/qip/italy-diploma-di-esame-di-stato-conclusivo-dei-corsi-di-istruzione-secondaria-superiore https://www.laifitalia.it/2024/04/23/esame-di-maturita-indicazioni-per-i-privatisti/ https://www.ed.ac.uk/studying/international/european-union-undergraduate-entry-requirements/g-l/italy https://www.bristol... |
Norway | no | Vitnemål fra videregående skole (generell studiekompetanse) | 1 | 0.7 | 1 | 1 | 0.95 | direct | direct_top | direct | direct | direct | The Norwegian certificate — direct access to universities in Germany (a Lisbon Convention country); in the UK accepted as A Level (AAA ≈ 5.5 average, Edinburgh); in the US — without credits. | partial | sourced | https://www.enkeleksamen.no/ta-opp-fag/ https://www.samordnaopptak.no/universitet-og-hogskole/poengberegning/forbedringer-og-nye-fag/ https://www.ed.ac.uk/studying/international/country/europe/norway https://www.uni-stuttgart.de/studium/bewerbung/erstsemester/zugangsberechtigung/ |
Slovenia | no | Spričevalo o splošni maturi (RIC) | 1 | 0.7 | 1 | 1 | 0.95 | direct_top | direct | direct | direct | direct | Slovenian matura — direct access in the EU/Germany; Edinburgh accepts directly (e.g. 30 points for humanities programmes); in the US — no credits. | estimate | estimate | https://www.dijaskisvet.si/dijaski-svet/matura/izboljsevanje-in-popravljanje-mature/ https://www.ric.si/splosna-matura/splosne-informacije/ https://www.ed.ac.uk/studying/international/european-union-undergraduate-entry-requirements/m-s/slovenia |
Finland | no | Ylioppilastutkinto (Matriculation Examination) + lukion päättötodistus | 1 | 0.7 | 1 | 1 | 0.95 | direct_top | direct | direct | direct | direct | Germany — allgemeine Hochschulzugangsberechtigung; the UK accepts it directly (universities state requirements for the ylioppilastutkinto); in the US — as a high school diploma, credits rarely. Slightly higher than Cambridge A Level thanks to Germany. | partial | checked_official | https://www.ylioppilastutkinto.fi/en https://anabin.kmk.org/db/schulabschluesse-mit-hochschulzugang https://www.ylioppilastutkinto.fi/en/completing-examination/enrolment/retaking-tests https://www.bristol.ac.uk/international/countries/finland.html https://www.ed.ac.uk/studying/international/european-union-undergraduate... |
Czechia | no | Vysvědčení o maturitní zkoušce (maturita) | 1 | 0.7 | 1 | 1 | 0.95 | direct_top | direct | direct | direct | direct | Germany — direct access (EU certificate); UK accepts directly with grades 1–2 (Edinburgh: AAA = four "1" and one "2"); in the US — without credits. At Cambridge A Level level. | partial | checked_official | https://maturita.cermat.cz https://anabin.kmk.org/db/schulabschluesse-mit-hochschulzugang https://www.bristol.ac.uk/international/countries/czech-republic.html https://www.ed.ac.uk/studying/international/european-union-undergraduate-entry-requirements/a-f/czechia https://rm.coe.int/1680064589 |
Estonia | no | Gümnaasiumi lõputunnistus + riigieksamitunnistus | 0.5 | 0.7 | 1 | 0.81 | 0.95 | direct | direct_top | direct | direct | direct | Germany — direct general access; the UK accepts directly mainly with high grades; the US — without credits. | estimate | estimate | https://www.harno.ee https://anabin.kmk.org/db/schulabschluesse-mit-hochschulzugang |
Slovakia | no | Vysvedčenie o maturitnej skúške (maturita, NIVAM/NÚCEM) | 1 | 0.7 | 1 | 1 | 0.9 | direct_top | direct | direct | direct_top | direct | Slovak matura — direct access in the EU/Germany; accepted directly in the UK (AAA ≈ 1.1,1,2 across four subjects, Southampton); in the US — no credits. | partial | sourced | https://maturita-nivam.nucem.sk/sk/otazky-a-odpovede https://www.southampton.ac.uk/international/entry-qualification-equivalencies/slovakia |
Croatia | no | Svjedodžba o državnoj maturi (Državna matura) + svjedodžba gimnazije | 0.5 | 0.7 | 1 | 0.81 | 0.9 | direct_top | direct_top | direct | direct | direct | Germany — direct general access; the UK accepts directly mainly with high matura results; in the US — no credits. At the level of Cambridge A Level. | partial | sourced | https://www.ncvvo.hr https://anabin.kmk.org/db/schulabschluesse-mit-hochschulzugang |
US High School Diploma + AP | yes | High School Diploma + Advanced Placement | 1 | 1 | 0.7 | 1 | 0.86 | direct | plus | direct | direct | direct | UK: AP (usually 3–5 exams for 4–5) are accepted as A Level, a single diploma — no; Germany: direct access only with 4 AP ≥3 in prescribed subjects, otherwise Studienkolleg. | estimate | estimate | null |
Canada | no | Provincial Secondary School Diploma (e.g. Ontario OSSD; Québec — DEC after CEGEP) | 0.5 | 0.7 | 0.3 | 0.56 | 0.86 | direct | plus | direct | direct | direct | Canadian diploma: in the UK direct admission, but with high grades in grade 12 courses; in the US — as a school diploma; in Germany — Studienkolleg, direct access only OSSD/DEC with additional conditions (uni-assist). | estimate | estimate | https://www.uni-assist.de/en/tools/info-country-by-country/details-country/country/ca/ |
Serbia | no | Diploma o završenoj gimnaziji (maturski ispit at the school); državna matura again in question | 0 | 0.7 | 1 | 0.63 | 0.85 | direct_top | direct_top | direct | direct_top | direct | Gymnasium certificate — direct general access to all universities in Germany (anabin, since 2018); Edinburgh does not accept the Serbian certificate directly (foundation only); in the US — without credits. | estimate | estimate | https://anabin2.kmk.org/filter/news/newsdetails/artikel//serbien-1.html https://www.ed.ac.uk/studying/international/country/europe/serbia https://kompas-info.com/drzavna-matura/ |
Montenegro | no | Diploma o položenom maturskom ispitu (matura, gimnazija) | 0.5 | 0.7 | 1 | 0.81 | 0.85 | direct_top | direct_top | direct | direct_top | direct | Germany — not verified, direct general access with a gymnasium matura (not confirmed in anabin); UK — only some universities with high grades; US — without credits. | estimate | estimate | https://eurydice.eacea.ec.europa.eu/national-education-systems/montenegro/assessment-general-upper-secondary-education https://www.scholaro.com/db/Countries/Montenegro/Credentials/Matura-Examination-Certificate-4178 |
Lithuania | no | Brandos atestatas + valstybiniai brandos egzaminai (VBE) | 0.5 | 0.7 | 1 | 0.81 | 0.8 | direct | direct | not_listed | direct | direct | Brandos atestatas: UCAS — Level 3, admission depends on the university and subject level (A/B); in Germany — direct access (EU); in the US — school diploma. | partial | sourced | https://smsm.lrv.lt/public/canonical/1769583018/7285/Atmintine_abiturientams_2025-26_final.pdf https://qips.ucas.com/qip/lithuania-brandos-atestatas-maturity-certificate |
Bosnia and Herzegovina | no | Svjedočanstvo/Diploma o završenoj srednjoj školi (gymnasium, Type 1), matura by canton/RS | 0.5 | 0.7 | 1 | 0.81 | 0.76 | direct_top | direct_top | direct | plus | direct | Germany: gymnasium Typ 1 gives direct access to all subjects (anabin). UK: Bristol considers directly with good grades, but not universally; in the US — without credits. | estimate | estimate | https://anabin2.kmk.org/filter/news/newsdetails/artikel//bosnien-herzegowina-1.html https://www.bristol.ac.uk/international/countries/bosnia-herzegovina.html |
Sri Lanka | no | GCE Advanced Level (Sri Lanka, Department of Examinations) | 0.5 | 0.7 | 0.7 | 0.7 | 0.75 | direct | direct | not_listed | direct_top | direct | Germany — direct subject-restricted access with 3 passed A/L subjects (per secondary sources); in the UK some universities accept the local A/L with high grades; US — no credits. | estimate | estimate | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/GCE_Advanced_Level_in_Sri_Lanka https://www.gradgermany.com/study-in-germany-from-sri-lanka |
Latvia | no | Atestāts par vispārējo vidējo izglītību + centralizētie eksāmeni (CE) | 0.5 | 0.7 | 1 | 0.81 | 0.66 | no | direct | direct | plus | direct | Atestāts: in the UK some universities accept with 8+ instead of ABB, some require a Foundation; in Germany — direct general access (EU); in the US — school diploma. | partial | sourced | https://www.niid.lv/CE_augst https://qips.ucas.com/qip/latvia-atestats-par-visparejo-videjo-izglitibu-certificate-of-general-secondary-education |
South Africa | no | National Senior Certificate (NSC, matric) with admission to a bachelor's degree (Bachelor pass) | 0.5 | 0.7 | 0.3 | 0.56 | 0.46 | no | plus | not_listed | direct | direct | The UK accepts the NSC directly only at some universities with high marks; in Germany, not verified, Studienkolleg (not confirmed); US — no credits. | estimate | estimate | https://www.gov.za/services/services-residents/education-and-training/basic-education/register-rewrite-matric-subjects https://www.sanews.gov.za/south-africa/matrics-urged-register-second-chance-programme-16-february |
Greece | no | Apolytirio Genikou Lykeiou | 0.5 | 0.7 | 1 | 0.81 | 0.39 | plus | plus | direct_top | plus | plus | UK: direct admission only with high marks (Bristol: 19.2/20 ≈ AAA) or with Panhellenic exams/A Level (Manchester); in Germany — direct access as for EU citizens. | estimate | estimate | https://www.bristol.ac.uk/international/countries/greece.html https://www.manchester.ac.uk/study/international/country-specific-information/greece/entry-requirements/ |
Cyprus | no | Apolytirio (Απολυτήριο Λυκείου) | 0.5 | 0.7 | 1 | 0.81 | 0.3 | plus | plus | plus | plus | plus | In the UK an Apolytirion alone is accepted almost nowhere: Bristol, Edinburgh and Manchester require 2 more A Levels (Southampton — 18–19/20); in Germany access exists with Pancyprian results. Lower than Cambridge A Level because of the UK. | partial | checked_official | https://www.uni-assist.de/en/tools/info-country-by-country/details-country/country/cy/ https://www.highereducation.ac.cy/index.php/en/citizens-info-examinations-serviece https://www.tothemaonline.com/Article/468026/ https://www.bristol.ac.uk/international/countries/cyprus.html https://www.ed.ac.uk/studying/internationa... |
USA | no | High School Diploma (no national school-leaving exam) | 0.5 | 1 | 0.3 | 0.67 | 0.3 | plus | plus | plus | plus | plus | The certificate alone is not enough: the UK requires AP/SAT (Edinburgh: 3 AP at 4+), Germany gives direct access only with 4–5 AP (from 3), otherwise Studienkolleg. | partial | sourced | https://www.daad.org/files/2023/03/Guide-to-German-Universities-for-HS-and-IB-Graduates.2024.1-1.pdf https://anabin2.kmk.org/filter/news/newsdetails/artikel//usa-1.html https://www.ed.ac.uk/studying/international/country/americas/united-states-of-america https://www.southampton.ac.uk/international/entry-qualification-e... |
China | no | School certificate (高中毕业证 + 学业水平考试) | 0.5 | 0.4 | 0.7 | 0.59 | 0.27 | no | direct_top | not_listed | plus | plus | Gaokao: some British universities admit directly (others — Foundation), in the US — WES + SAT; in Germany at ≥70% of the maximum — direct subject-restricted (fachgebundener) access, otherwise Studienkolleg. | partial | sourced | https://www.studienkolleg.org/en/blog/admission-requirements-chinese-students-studienkolleg/ https://www.aps.org.cn/verfahren-und-services-deutschland/gaokaoverfahren |
Argentina | no | Título de Bachiller (educación secundaria) | 0 | 0.7 | 0.3 | 0.37 | 0.12 | no | plus | not_listed | plus | no | UK: Foundation or 1 year of an Argentine university with 8/10 required (Bristol); Germany: Studienkolleg (Goethe Argentina); in the US, treated as a school diploma. | estimate | estimate | https://www.bristol.ac.uk/international/countries/argentina.html https://www.goethe.de/ins/ar/es/spr/eea/std.html |
Armenia | no | Certificate of complete secondary education (12 years) | 0 | 0.7 | 1 | 0.63 | 0.12 | no | plus | not_listed | plus | no | Germany: the attestat (since 2018, 12 years) gives direct access to all subjects with a general profile, with a natural science/maths or humanities profile — fachgebunden (anabin). UK: the national attestat is not accepted directly (St Andrews recognizes only the Araratian Baccalaureate), a Foundation is needed. | estimate | estimate | https://anabin2.kmk.org/filter/news/newsdetails/artikel//armenien.html https://www.st-andrews.ac.uk/subjects/entry/armenia/ https://www.bristol.ac.uk/international/countries/armenia.html |
Brazil | no | Certificado de Conclusão do Ensino Médio | 0 | 0.7 | 0.3 | 0.37 | 0.12 | no | plus | not_listed | plus | no | UK: only via a Foundation (Manchester); Germany: Studienkolleg, direct access only after a year of university (anabin); in the US — as a school diploma. | estimate | estimate | https://www.manchester.ac.uk/study/international/country-specific-information/brazil/entry-requirements/ https://anabin2.kmk.org/filter/news/newsdetails/artikel//brasilien-1.html |
Egypt | no | Thanaweya Amma (old system) / Egyptian Baccalaureate (new, from 2025/26; 99% chose it) | 0 | 0.4 | 0.3 | 0.26 | 0.12 | no | plus | not_listed | plus | no | An Egyptian certificate ranks below Cambridge: in the UK usually Foundation, in the US — WES/SAT assessment, in Germany — Studienkolleg (uni-assist: direct access only after 1–2 years of university). | estimate | estimate | https://aloostaz.com/eg/blog/egyptian-baccalaureate-system-2027 https://papamarks.com/blog/egyptian-baccalaureate-vs-igcse https://egyptianstreets.com/2025/01/09/egypt-introduces-baccalaureate-certificate-system-as-alternative-to-thanaweya-amma/ https://www.dostor.org/5232008 https://www.uni-assist.de/en/tools/info-cou... |
Indonesia | no | Ijazah SMA/MA (national UN exam abolished since 2021) | 0 | 0.4 | 0.3 | 0.26 | 0.12 | no | plus | not_listed | plus | no | Ijazah SMA is below Cambridge: in the UK a Foundation, in the US — WES + SAT, in Germany — Studienkolleg (general practice; anabin did not open). | partial | sourced | https://opini.teknokrat.ac.id/utbk-2026-hanya-boleh-ikut-satu-kali https://snpmb.id/utbk-snbt/informasi-umum |
Kazakhstan | no | Certificate of general secondary education | 0 | 0.4 | 0.3 | 0.26 | 0.12 | no | plus | not_listed | plus | no | Certificate+ENT is below Cambridge: UK Foundation, US — WES + SAT, Germany — Studienkolleg (direct access after 1 year of university; general anabin practice for the CIS). | partial | sourced | https://youth.kz/article/skolko-raz-mozhno-sdavat-ent-besplatno-ili-za-dengi-3Cz3yEtgHl99F23Uo5YB https://postupi.kz/news/abiturientu/vtoruyu-popytku-ent-planiruyut-otmenit |
Colombia | no | Título de Bachiller | 0 | 0.4 | 0.3 | 0.26 | 0.12 | no | plus | not_listed | plus | no | Bachiller + Saber 11 is below Cambridge: UK Foundation, US — WES/SAT, Germany — Studienkolleg (general practice for Latin America; anabin did not open). | partial | sourced | https://www.vanguardia.com/colombia/2026/09/26/no-le-fue-bien-en-el-icfes-asi-puede-repetir-las-pruebas-saber-11-y-mejorar-su-puntaje/ https://tubachillerato.co/saber-11-o-saber-validacion-cual-debo-presentar/ |
Mexico | no | Certificado de Bachillerato (SEP/DGB; there is no single final exam, the result is by accumulated grades) | 0 | 0.7 | 0.3 | 0.37 | 0.12 | no | plus | not_listed | plus | no | Bachillerato does not give direct admission in the UK (foundation needed, Southampton/UCL UPC), in Germany — Studienkolleg; in the US it is accepted as a school certificate without credits. | partial | sourced | https://ceneval.edu.mx/examenes-ingreso-exani_ii/ https://talento286.ceneval.edu.mx/bachillerato/ https://www.southampton.ac.uk/international/entry-qualification-equivalencies/mexico https://www.ucl.ac.uk/study/clie/upc-foundation/entry-requirements/academic-requirements-country https://studienkolleg-germany.com/requir... |
UAE | no | Secondary School Certificate (grade 12, MoE programme; 50% central grade + 50% school) | 0 | 0.7 | 0.3 | 0.37 | 0.12 | no | plus | not_listed | plus | no | The UAE school certificate does not give direct admission in the UK (foundation, Southampton) or in Germany (Studienkolleg); in the US — treated as a school certificate. | partial | sourced | https://www.khaleejtimes.com/uae/education/uae-announces-cancellation-of-emsat-for-grade-12-students https://www.khaleejtimes.com/uae/uae-resit-exam-results-out-heres-what-passing-means-for-students-grades https://www.emirates247.com/uae/uae-ministry-of-education-grading-system-2026-27-how-secondary-students-are-evalua... |
Thailand | no | Mathayom 6 — secondary education certificate | 0 | 0.7 | 0.3 | 0.37 | 0.12 | no | plus | not_listed | plus | no | M6 does not give direct admission either in the UK (foundation, Southampton) or in Germany (Studienkolleg, Goethe-Institut); in the US — a school certificate. | partial | sourced | https://honeykidsasia.com/thailand/tcas70-thailand-university-admissions-update/ https://www.southampton.ac.uk/international/entry-qualification-equivalencies/thailand https://www.goethe.de/ins/th/en/spr/pmd/stk/sid.html |
Turkey | no | Lise Diploması | 0.5 | 0.7 | 0.7 | 0.7 | 0.12 | no | plus | not_listed | plus | no | Germany: access only with a YKS/ÖSYS result and a place at a Turkish university (subject-restricted); UK: some universities directly (Bristol — Anadolu/Fen Lisesi 74–90%, Southampton — approved schools), Manchester — Foundation only; US — as a school certificate. Below Cambridge A Level. | partial | checked_official | https://www.osym.gov.tr https://anabin.kmk.org/db/schulabschluesse-mit-hochschulzugang https://www.bristol.ac.uk/international/countries/turkey.html https://www.southampton.ac.uk/international/entry-qualification-equivalencies/turkey https://www.manchester.ac.uk/study/international/country-specific-information/turkey/e... |
Philippines | no | Senior High School Diploma (K-12, Grade 12) | 0 | 0.7 | 0.3 | 0.37 | 0.12 | no | plus | not_listed | plus | no | K-12 (since 2016) — in Germany Studienkolleg (the old 10-year diploma was not recognised), in the UK Foundation; in the US — as an American high school without credits. Well below A Level. | partial | sourced | https://anabin.kmk.org/db/schulabschluesse-mit-hochschulzugang |
Chile | no | Licencia de Educación Media | 0 | 0.7 | 0.3 | 0.37 | 0.12 | no | plus | not_listed | plus | no | In Germany, not verified, Studienkolleg (direct access — after 1–2 years of university; not confirmed), in the UK Foundation, in the US — no credits. | estimate | estimate | https://demre.cl/mesa-de-ayuda/preguntas-frecuentes-paes-invierno https://www.chileatiende.gob.cl/fichas/81332-prueba-de-acceso-a-la-educacion-superior-paes https://www.uni-assist.de/en/tools/info-country-by-country/details-country/country/cl/ |
Ecuador | no | Título de Bachiller (Bachillerato General Unificado) | 0 | 0.4 | 0.3 | 0.26 | 0.12 | no | plus | not_listed | plus | no | In Germany, not verified, Studienkolleg (not confirmed in anabin), in the UK Foundation, in the US a WES evaluation is needed. | estimate | estimate | https://eduecuador.com/senescyt/inscripcion-senescyt-eaes-examen-de-acceso-a-la-educacion-superior/ |
South Korea | no | 고등학교 졸업장 (High School Diploma) | 0 | 0.7 | 0.7 | 0.52 | 0.12 | no | plus | not_listed | plus | no | Germany — direct subject-restricted access with CSAT (≥5 in mathematics, language and one subject, average ≥4.4), otherwise 1 year of university; UK — usually Foundation; US — no credits. | partial | sourced | https://anabin2.kmk.org/filter/news/newsdetails/artikel//korea-republik.html |
Japan | no | 高等学校卒業証書 (Kōtō gakkō sotsugyō shōmeisho) | 0 | 0.7 | 0.7 | 0.52 | 0.12 | no | plus | not_listed | plus | no | Germany — direct subject-restricted access with Common Test ≥420 points in 5 subjects (2 core subjects ≥62%); UK — Foundation; US — no credits. | partial | sourced | https://anabin2.kmk.org/filter/news/newsdetails/artikel//japan.html |
Azerbaijan | no | Orta Təhsil Haqqında Attestat (after grade 11) | 0 | 0.4 | 0.3 | 0.26 | 0.06 | no | not_listed | not_listed | plus | no | Certificate after 11 years: the UK requires Foundation (Manchester), Germany — Studienkolleg or 1 year of university (anabin); US — WES evaluation, SAT desirable. | estimate | estimate | https://www.manchester.ac.uk/study/international/country-specific-information/azerbaijan/entry-requirements/ https://anabin2.kmk.org/filter/news/newsdetails/artikel//aserbaidschan.html |
Vietnam | no | Bằng tốt nghiệp THPT (based on THPT exam results) | 0 | 0.7 | 0.3 | 0.37 | 0.06 | no | not_listed | not_listed | plus | no | UK: a Foundation is needed (Manchester); Germany: score thresholds under NOP and university admission, Studienkolleg (anabin); in the US — as a school diploma. | estimate | estimate | https://www.manchester.ac.uk/study/international/country-specific-information/vietnam/entry-requirements/ https://anabin2.kmk.org/filter/news/newsdetails/artikel//vietnam.html |
Georgia | no | Certificate of complete general education (12 years) | 0 | 0.7 | null | null | 0.06 | no | not_listed | not_listed | plus | no | UK: directly only IB/A Level, the national certificate — via Foundation (Bristol). Germany: the anabin card could not be obtained — de not established, index not calculated. US — heuristic. | estimate | estimate | https://www.bristol.ac.uk/international/countries/georgia.html |
Dominican Republic | no | Título de Bachiller + Pruebas Nacionales (MINERD) | 0 | 0.4 | 0.3 | 0.26 | 0.06 | no | not_listed | not_listed | plus | no | Bachiller ranks below Cambridge: in the UK a Foundation is needed, in the US — WES assessment and SAT, in Germany — Studienkolleg (general practice for Latin America; the anabin page did not open). | estimate | estimate | https://ministeriodeeducacion.gob.do/comunicaciones/noticias/ministerio-de-educacion-convoca-a-cerca-de-28-mil-estudiantes-para-la-segunda-convocatoria-de-las-pruebas-nacionales-2026 https://ministeriodeeducacion.gob.do/comunicaciones/noticias/minerd-convoca-a-partir-de-este-martes-a-mas-de-17-mil-estudiantes-para-terc... |
Costa Rica | no | Título de Bachiller en Educación Media + Pruebas Nacionales Estandarizadas (≈50% of the final grade) | 0 | 0.4 | 0.3 | 0.26 | 0.06 | no | not_listed | not_listed | plus | no | Costa Rica's Bachiller is below Cambridge: in the UK a Foundation, in the US — WES/SAT, in Germany — Studienkolleg (general practice; anabin did not open). | estimate | estimate | https://dgec.mep.go.cr/pruebas-nacionales-estandarizadas/ https://www.telediario.cr/nacional/pruebas-nacionales-mep-cuales-son-los-cambios https://dgec.mep.go.cr/bachillerato-por-madurez-suficiente/ |
Moldova | no | Diploma de bacalaureat (examen național de bacalaureat, ANCE) | 0 | 0.7 | null | null | 0.06 | no | not_listed | not_listed | plus | no | In the UK the Moldovan bac is not accepted for the 1st year (Surrey: foundation only); the anabin assessment for Germany is not confirmed in the available sources (anabin only states that the Diploma de bacalaureat is recognized "without changes"), therefore de and index = null. | estimate | estimate | https://ance.gov.md/sites/default/files/reg_bac_rom_mo_2018.pdf https://www.surrey.ac.uk/moldova/entry-requirements https://anabin2.kmk.org/filter/news/newsdetails/artikel//moldau-1.html |
Paraguay | no | Título de Bachiller (Bachillerato Científico) | 0 | 0.7 | 0.3 | 0.37 | 0.06 | no | not_listed | not_listed | plus | no | No direct access either in the UK (Birmingham: only with foundation) or in Germany (embassy: Studienkolleg or 2 semesters at university); in the US — school certificate. | partial | sourced | https://www.lanacion.com.py/pais/2022/01/27/ingreso-a-la-una-facultades-hacen-cursos-probatorios-o-examen-de-ingreso/ https://asuncion.diplo.de/py-es/alemania-y-paraguay/kultur/kultur/2574946-2574946 https://www.birmingham.ac.uk/study/international/country/paraguay |
Northern Cyprus | no | Lise Diplomasi (KKTC) | 0.5 | 0.7 | 0.3 | 0.56 | 0.06 | not_listed | not_listed | not_listed | plus | not_listed | Germany: Studienkolleg + Feststellungsprüfung (direct subject access only after 1 year of university, anabin); UK: directly only some universities (Southampton from 2026). Noticeably below Cambridge A Level. | partial | checked_official | https://www.kibrispostasi.com/c91-EGITIM/n611188-kktcli-ogrencilerin-turkiyede-universite-kayit-ve-basvuru-islemleri-aciklandi https://ciu.edu.tr/tr/aday-ogrenci/kktc-adaylar/kayit-kabul-kosullari https://anabin2.kmk.org/filter/news/newsdetails/artikel//zypern-nord.html https://www.southampton.ac.uk/international/entry... |
Tajikistan | no | Certificate of secondary general education (11 years) | 0 | 0.4 | 0 | 0.15 | 0.06 | not_listed | not_listed | not_listed | plus | no | The weakest recognition: in the UK a foundation year or a year at university is needed (QUB), in Germany even for Studienkolleg — only after a year of study at a Tajik university (direct access — after two years). | partial | sourced | https://vecherka.tj/archives/48830 https://ntc.tj/ https://anabin2.kmk.org/filter/news/newsdetails/artikel//tadschikistan-2.html https://www.qub.ac.uk/Study/international-students/your-country/tajikistan/ |
Uzbekistan | no | Certificate of secondary education (umumiy o'rta ta'lim) | 0 | 0.4 | 0.3 | 0.26 | 0.06 | no | not_listed | not_listed | plus | no | 11-year certificate: in Germany — Studienkolleg + Feststellungsprüfung (direct access only after 1–2 years of university), in the UK — Foundation, in the US a WES evaluation and SAT are needed. Much below Cambridge A Level. | estimate | estimate | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Knowledge_and_Qualifications_Assessment_Agency https://uztest.uz/en/documents/national-certification-system/ https://kun.uz/en/news/2026/08/19/uzbekistan-considers-changes-to-university-admission-rules-for-certificate-holders |
Uruguay | no | Bachillerato (Educación Media Superior, título de bachiller) | 0 | 0.7 | 0.3 | 0.37 | 0.06 | no | not_listed | not_listed | plus | not_listed | Without a final exam: in Germany — Studienkolleg (not verified), in the UK — Foundation, in the US — an ordinary school certificate without credits. | estimate | estimate | https://anabin.kmk.org/db/schulabschluesse-mit-hochschulzugang |
Kyrgyzstan | no | Certificate of secondary general education | 0 | 0.4 | 0.3 | 0.26 | 0 | no | not_listed | not_listed | not_listed | no | Certificate+ORT is below Cambridge: UK Foundation, US — WES/SAT, Germany — Studienkolleg (directly after 1 year of university; general anabin practice for the CIS). | estimate | estimate | https://24.kg/obschestvo/362756_ort-2026_kak_zaregistrirovatsya_natest_ikakie_novshestva_jdut_abiturientov/ https://kaktus.media/doc/547073_dlia_abityrientov_propystivshih_ort_provedyt_pozdniy_etap_testirovaniia.html |
School-Leaving Certificates: recognition, retakes and UK top-5 entry requirements (76 systems, 2026)
For 72 countries plus 4 reference systems (Cambridge A Level, IB DP and others): how easily the certificate opens a bachelor's degree in the UK, the US and Germany (anabin), its prestige index vs A Level, whether failed exams can be retaken, whether external candidates are admitted, and the exact entry requirements of Oxford, Cambridge, Imperial, LSE and UCL with URLs. Companion tables: the language of schooling and PISA 2025 scores.
Full page: part of Relocation by the Numbers, with the method and downloads: https://mariascales.com/research/relocation/data/#school-leaving-certificates-2026
Snapshot: collected September–October 2026 (see checked_at columns). No updates are promised — this is a dated snapshot.
How it was built. Each table was collected by an AI research session (Claude) from official sources (laws, ministries, insurers, universities) and secondary sources, then verified by a second pass and a human review. Every row carries a confidence value: verified (primary source + second source), partial (one source or part of the fields from secondary sources), estimate (inferred). Treat estimate rows as leads, not facts.
Language. All columns are in English. Numbers in English text use a decimal point and comma thousands separators. Boolean columns use true / false.
Files
| File | Rows | One row = |
|---|---|---|
diploma_recognition.csv |
76 | a certificate system |
final_exam_retakes.csv |
76 | a certificate system: entrance exam, retakes, external candidates |
uk_top5_requirements.csv |
380 | a (system × university) requirement with URL |
school_quality.csv |
72 | a country: PISA 2025 scores |
local_language.csv |
72 | a country: language of schooling, speakers, FSI difficulty |
Sources
University admissions pages (UK top 5), anabin, UCAS, national exam boards, OECD PISA 2025, FSI language difficulty categories; collected 28.09.2026.
Caveats
UK requirements change yearly — check the URL. In diploma_recognition.csv and final_exam_retakes.csv the original three levels are mapped to the common vocabulary: confidence = partial for rows checked against official pages (UK universities, anabin, exam rules; confidence_detail = checked_official) and for rows sourced by the collecting session without a re-check (confidence_detail = sourced); estimate = part of the values are estimates without an official page.
License and citation
Data compilation © Maria Atamanova (mariascales), 2026, released under CC BY 4.0. Underlying facts come from the public sources listed per row; cite them where you use them. Please cite as: Atamanova, M. (2026). School-Leaving Certificates: recognition, retakes and UK top-5 entry requirements (76 systems, 2026) [Data set]. https://mariascales.com/research/relocation/data/#school-leaving-certificates-2026
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