Karmane/mlb-bullpen-usage-fatigue-research-sample

MLB Bullpen Usage and Fatigue Dataset for Run Prevention Research

Question this dataset helps answer: Which MLB teams historically enter games with fresh or taxed bullpens, and how does recent reliever workload relate to late-inning run prevention before first pitch?

This dataset helps sports-betting researchers, fantasy baseball analysts, and dashboard builders compare, screen, and investigate MLB bullpen freshness using reliever reuse counts, rolling bullpen workload, probable-starter burden context, and postgame bullpen outcomes.

Use the public sample to check:

• Which teams, opponents, venues, and seasons are represented in the preview
• Which columns are usable as pre-event bullpen-fatigue features versus post-event bullpen outcomes
• Which rows already support back-to-back reliever, three-straight reliever, and late-inning run-prevention research

Preview vs full dataset:

• Preview: 867 rows and 128 columns
• Full: 17350 rows and 128 columns

Full dataset access: https://thearticulated.gumroad.com/l/mlb-bullpen-usage-fatigue-research

The full dataset includes 17350 rows across MLB team-game observations, making it large enough for dashboard analysis, historical filtering, bullpen-fatigue research, and exploratory modeling workflows.

Responsible use note

This dataset is for research, analysis, dashboard building, educational use, and exploratory modeling. It does not provide betting advice, picks, guarantees, or predictions of future outcomes.

Modeling notes

• Each row represents one MLB team in one completed regular-season game.
• Pre-event features include prior-game reliever usage, rolling bullpen workload, reliever reuse counts, probable-starter workload context, and team offense context.
• Outcomes include actual bullpen runs allowed, inherited runners scored, blown saves, holds, reliever counts, and late-inning scoring splits.
• The coverage window runs from 2023-03-30 through 2026-07-08.
• The preview is meant to prove schema, coverage, row meaning, and pre-event versus post-event separation rather than replace the full dataset.

This is a free preview. Load it instantly, inspect the schema, and validate quality before purchasing the full dataset.

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What This Preview Proves

• Sample rows: 867 (full dataset: 17,350 rows)
• Columns: 128 fields, fully described below
• Format: parquet (loads in pandas, HF datasets, or any parquet reader)
• No authentication required to load this sample
• Schema and quality are identical to the paid full dataset

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Upgrade to Full Dataset

The full production dataset contains 17,350 rows across 128 columns.

Full dataset access: https://thearticulated.gumroad.com/l/xjggi

After purchase, provide your Hugging Face username and request access on the full dataset page.

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Quick Start

from datasets import load_dataset

dataset = load_dataset("Karmane/mlb-bullpen-usage-fatigue-research-sample")
df = dataset["data"].to_pandas()
print(f"Rows: {len(df):,}, Columns: {len(df.columns)}")
print(df.head())

Or with pandas directly:

import pandas as pd
df = pd.read_parquet("hf://datasets/Karmane/mlb-bullpen-usage-fatigue-research-sample/data/data.parquet")
print(df.head())

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Use Cases

• Compare which teams historically allow more or fewer late-inning runs after heavier bullpen burn.
• Screen team-game rows by prior-game bullpen outs, back-to-back reliever counts, or three-straight reliever counts.
• Build time-aware notebooks that keep pregame bullpen-fatigue features separate from postgame bullpen outcomes.
• Filter by team, opponent, venue, or probable-starter burden before building dashboards or exploratory models.

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Column Descriptions

• record_id: Stable row identifier built from the MLB game identifier and the team identifier.
• game_pk: Official MLB game identifier for the completed regular-season game.
• season: MLB season year for the game.
• official_date: Official game date in local calendar terms.
• game_datetime_utc: Scheduled first-pitch timestamp in UTC.
• day_night: MLB day or night game label.
• doubleheader_flag: Boolean flag indicating that the game was part of a doubleheader.
• games_in_series: Number of games scheduled in the series when provided by MLB.
• series_game_number: Game number inside the series when provided by MLB.
• series_description: MLB series label such as Regular Season or Interleague.
• scheduled_innings: Scheduled inning count for the game.
• venue_id: Official MLB venue identifier.
• venue_name: Venue name for the game.
• venue_city: Venue city.
• venue_state: Venue state or province abbreviation when provided by MLB.
• venue_timezone: Venue timezone identifier from the official schedule feed.
• team_id: Official MLB identifier for the team represented by the row.
• team_abbreviation: Team abbreviation for the row team.
• team_name: Full team name for the row team.
• opponent_team_id: Official MLB identifier for the opposing team.
• opponent_team_abbreviation: Team abbreviation for the opponent.
• opponent_team_name: Full team name for the opponent.
• home_away: Home or away context for the row team.
• is_home: Boolean flag indicating that the row team was at home.
• team_probable_starter_id: Official MLB player identifier for the probable starter listed in the schedule feed.
• team_probable_starter_name: Probable starter name from the schedule feed for the row team.
• opponent_probable_starter_id: Official MLB player identifier for the opposing probable starter listed in the schedule feed.
• opponent_probable_starter_name: Probable starter name from the schedule feed for the opponent.
• probable_starter_prior_starts: Number of prior completed MLB starts for the listed probable starter before this game.
• probable_starter_days_since_prev_start: Days since the probable starter's previous completed start.
• probable_starter_rolling_innings_last_3: Pregame average innings pitched across the probable starter's previous three completed starts.
• probable_starter_rolling_pitches_last_3: Pregame average pitches thrown across the probable starter's previous three completed starts.
• probable_starter_rolling_runs_allowed_last_3: Pregame average runs allowed across the probable starter's previous three completed starts.
• probable_starter_season_to_date_innings_avg: Pregame season-to-date average innings pitched for the probable starter.
• probable_starter_season_to_date_pitches_avg: Pregame season-to-date average pitches thrown for the probable starter.
• team_prior_games: Number of prior completed games for the row team before this game.
• team_days_since_prev_game: Days since the row team played its previous completed game.
• team_changed_venue_from_prev_game: Boolean flag indicating that the row team changed venues from its previous completed game.
• team_changed_home_away_from_prev_game: Boolean flag indicating that the row team changed from home to away or away to home from its previous completed game.
• team_rolling_runs_scored_last_5: Pregame average runs scored by the row team across its previous five games.
• team_rolling_runs_allowed_last_5: Pregame average runs allowed by the row team across its previous five games.
• team_rolling_hits_last_5: Pregame average hits by the row team across its previous five games.
• team_rolling_walks_drawn_last_5: Pregame average walks drawn by the row team across its previous five games.
• team_rolling_strikeouts_taken_last_5: Pregame average strikeouts taken by the row team across its previous five games.
• team_rolling_total_bases_last_5: Pregame average total bases produced by the row team across its previous five games.
• team_rolling_win_pct_last_5: Pregame win percentage for the row team across its previous five games.
• team_season_to_date_runs_scored_avg: Pregame season-to-date average runs scored by the row team.
• team_season_to_date_runs_allowed_avg: Pregame season-to-date average runs allowed by the row team.
• team_season_to_date_walks_drawn_avg: Pregame season-to-date average walks drawn by the row team.
• team_season_to_date_k_rate: Pregame season-to-date strikeout rate for the row team's offense using estimated plate appearances.
• opponent_team_prior_games: Number of prior completed games for the opposing team before this matchup.
• opponent_team_days_since_prev_game: Days since the opposing team played its previous completed game.
• opponent_team_rolling_runs_scored_last_5: Pregame average runs scored by the opposing team across its previous five games.
• opponent_team_rolling_runs_allowed_last_5: Pregame average runs allowed by the opposing team across its previous five games.
• opponent_team_rolling_hits_last_5: Pregame average hits by the opposing team across its previous five games.
• opponent_team_rolling_walks_drawn_last_5: Pregame average walks drawn by the opposing team across its previous five games.
• opponent_team_rolling_strikeouts_taken_last_5: Pregame average strikeouts taken by the opposing team across its previous five games.
• opponent_team_rolling_total_bases_last_5: Pregame average total bases produced by the opposing team across its previous five games.
• opponent_team_rolling_win_pct_last_5: Pregame win percentage for the opposing team across its previous five games.
• opponent_team_season_to_date_runs_scored_avg: Pregame season-to-date average runs scored by the opposing team.
• opponent_team_season_to_date_runs_allowed_avg: Pregame season-to-date average runs allowed by the opposing team.
• opponent_team_season_to_date_walks_drawn_avg: Pregame season-to-date average walks drawn by the opposing team.
• opponent_team_season_to_date_k_rate: Pregame season-to-date strikeout rate for the opposing offense using estimated plate appearances.
• bullpen_relievers_used_previous_game: Number of unique relievers used by the row team in its previous completed game.
• bullpen_relievers_used_last_3_games: Sum of unique relievers used across the row team's previous three completed games.
• bullpen_unique_relievers_last_2_games: Count of unique relievers who appeared at least once across the row team's previous two completed games.
• bullpen_back_to_back_relievers_entering_game: Count of relievers who pitched in each of the row team's previous two completed games before this matchup.
• bullpen_three_straight_relievers_entering_game: Count of relievers who pitched in each of the row team's previous three completed games before this matchup.
• bullpen_outs_previous_game: Bullpen outs recorded by the row team in its previous completed game.
• bullpen_outs_last_3_games: Bullpen outs recorded by the row team across its previous three completed games.
• bullpen_outs_last_5_games: Bullpen outs recorded by the row team across its previous five completed games.
• bullpen_pitches_previous_game: Bullpen pitches thrown by the row team in its previous completed game.
• bullpen_pitches_last_3_games: Bullpen pitches thrown by the row team across its previous three completed games.
• bullpen_inherited_runners_last_3_games: Inherited runners picked up by the row team's bullpen across its previous three completed games.
• bullpen_inherited_runners_scored_last_3_games: Inherited runners scored against the row team's bullpen across its previous three completed games.
• bullpen_runs_allowed_last_3_games: Bullpen runs allowed by the row team across its previous three completed games.
• bullpen_blown_saves_last_10_games: Blown saves recorded by the row team's bullpen across its previous ten completed games.
• bullpen_zero_run_rate_last_10_games: Pregame share of the row team's previous ten bullpens that allowed zero runs.
• bullpen_era_last_10_games: Pregame bullpen ERA proxy across the row team's previous ten completed games.
• bullpen_whip_last_10_games: Pregame bullpen WHIP proxy across the row team's previous ten completed games.
• bullpen_save_conversion_rate_last_10_games: Pregame bullpen save conversion rate across the row team's previous ten completed games.
• bullpen_season_to_date_era: Pregame season-to-date bullpen ERA proxy for the row team.
• bullpen_season_to_date_whip: Pregame season-to-date bullpen WHIP proxy for the row team.
• bullpen_season_to_date_blown_save_rate: Pregame season-to-date blown-save rate for the row team's bullpen.
• team_runs_first_6: Runs scored by the row team through the first six innings of the completed game.
• team_runs_7_plus: Runs scored by the row team from the seventh inning onward in the completed game.
• opponent_runs_first_6: Runs scored by the opponent through the first six innings of the completed game.
• opponent_runs_7_plus: Runs scored by the opponent from the seventh inning onward in the completed game.
• starter_id: Official MLB player identifier for the actual starting pitcher used by the row team.
• starter_name: Actual starting pitcher name for the row team.
• starter_was_probable: Boolean flag indicating whether the actual starter matched the listed probable starter.
• starter_outs_recorded: Outs recorded by the actual starter in the completed game.
• starter_innings_pitched: Innings pitched by the actual starter in the completed game.
• starter_pitches_thrown: Pitches thrown by the actual starter in the completed game.
• starter_runs_allowed: Runs allowed by the actual starter in the completed game.
• bullpen_reliever_appearances: Number of reliever appearance rows used by the row team's bullpen in the completed game.
• bullpen_unique_relievers_used: Number of unique relievers used by the row team's bullpen in the completed game.
• bullpen_outs_recorded: Outs recorded by the row team's bullpen in the completed game.
• bullpen_innings_pitched: Innings pitched by the row team's bullpen in the completed game.
• bullpen_hits_allowed: Hits allowed by the row team's bullpen in the completed game.
• bullpen_runs_allowed: Runs allowed by the row team's bullpen in the completed game.
• bullpen_earned_runs_allowed: Earned runs allowed by the row team's bullpen in the completed game.
• bullpen_walks_allowed: Walks allowed by the row team's bullpen in the completed game.
• bullpen_strikeouts_recorded: Strikeouts recorded by the row team's bullpen in the completed game.
• bullpen_home_runs_allowed: Home runs allowed by the row team's bullpen in the completed game.
• bullpen_batters_faced: Batters faced by the row team's bullpen in the completed game.
• bullpen_pitches_thrown: Pitches thrown by the row team's bullpen in the completed game.
• bullpen_strikes_thrown: Strikes thrown by the row team's bullpen in the completed game.
• bullpen_balls_thrown: Balls thrown by the row team's bullpen in the completed game.
• bullpen_inherited_runners: Inherited runners picked up by the row team's bullpen in the completed game.
• bullpen_inherited_runners_scored: Inherited runners who scored against the row team's bullpen in the completed game.
• bullpen_holds: Holds recorded by the row team's bullpen in the completed game.
• bullpen_saves: Saves recorded by the row team's bullpen in the completed game.
• bullpen_blown_saves: Blown saves recorded by the row team's bullpen in the completed game.
• bullpen_save_opportunities: Save opportunities recorded by the row team's bullpen in the completed game.
• bullpen_games_finished: Games-finished credits recorded by relievers on the row team's bullpen in the completed game.
• bullpen_zero_run_flag: Boolean flag indicating that the row team's bullpen allowed zero runs in the completed game.
• bullpen_meltdown_flag: Boolean flag indicating a rough bullpen outing using runs, inherited-runner scoring, or blown-save signals.
• team_score: Runs scored by the row team in the completed game.
• opponent_score: Runs scored by the opponent in the completed game.
• team_hits: Hits recorded by the row team in the completed game.
• opponent_hits: Hits recorded by the opponent in the completed game.
• team_errors: Errors recorded by the row team in the completed game.
• opponent_errors: Errors recorded by the opponent in the completed game.
• team_won: Boolean flag indicating that the row team won the completed game.
• source_url: Official MLB boxscore endpoint URL for the game.
• source_domain: Source domain list used to build the row.
• last_collected_at: UTC timestamp when the current dataset build finished.

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Dataset Structure

• Rows: 867
• Columns: 128
• Split: data
• File: data/data.parquet

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Full Dataset Access

	Sample (this repo)	Full Dataset
Rows	867	17,350
Columns	128	128
Auth required	No	Yes (after purchase)
Price	Free	See pricing

Final CTA

Get the full dataset: https://thearticulated.gumroad.com/l/xjggi

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Karmane. (2025). MLB Bullpen Usage and Fatigue Dataset for Run Prevention Research (Free Sample). Hugging Face. https://huggingface.co/datasets/Karmane/mlb-bullpen-usage-fatigue-research-sample