Object Detection Benchmarks are Incomplete: The Role of Label Errors and Annotation Uncertainty
Paper • 2609.21822 • Published
Dataset Viewer
The dataset viewer is not available for this split.
Cannot extract the features (columns) for the split 'train' of the config 'default' of the dataset.
Error code: FeaturesError
Exception: ArrowInvalid
Message: JSON parse error: Missing a comma or '}' after an object member. in row 0
Traceback: Traceback (most recent call last):
File "/usr/local/lib/python3.14/site-packages/datasets/packaged_modules/json/json.py", line 324, in _generate_tables
df = pandas_read_json(f)
File "/usr/local/lib/python3.14/site-packages/datasets/packaged_modules/json/json.py", line 38, in pandas_read_json
return pd.read_json(path_or_buf, **kwargs)
~~~~~~~~~~~~^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
File "/usr/local/lib/python3.14/site-packages/pandas/io/json/_json.py", line 815, in read_json
return json_reader.read()
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~^^
File "/usr/local/lib/python3.14/site-packages/pandas/io/json/_json.py", line 1014, in read
obj = self._get_object_parser(self.data)
File "/usr/local/lib/python3.14/site-packages/pandas/io/json/_json.py", line 1040, in _get_object_parser
obj = FrameParser(json, **kwargs).parse()
File "/usr/local/lib/python3.14/site-packages/pandas/io/json/_json.py", line 1176, in parse
self._parse()
~~~~~~~~~~~^^
File "/usr/local/lib/python3.14/site-packages/pandas/io/json/_json.py", line 1391, in _parse
self.obj = DataFrame(
~~~~~~~~~^
ujson_loads(json, precise_float=self.precise_float), dtype=None
^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
)
^
File "/usr/local/lib/python3.14/site-packages/pandas/core/frame.py", line 782, in __init__
mgr = dict_to_mgr(data, index, columns, dtype=dtype, copy=copy, typ=manager)
File "/usr/local/lib/python3.14/site-packages/pandas/core/internals/construction.py", line 503, in dict_to_mgr
return arrays_to_mgr(arrays, columns, index, dtype=dtype, typ=typ, consolidate=copy)
File "/usr/local/lib/python3.14/site-packages/pandas/core/internals/construction.py", line 114, in arrays_to_mgr
index = _extract_index(arrays)
File "/usr/local/lib/python3.14/site-packages/pandas/core/internals/construction.py", line 677, in _extract_index
raise ValueError("All arrays must be of the same length")
ValueError: All arrays must be of the same length
During handling of the above exception, another exception occurred:
Traceback (most recent call last):
File "/src/services/worker/src/worker/job_runners/split/first_rows.py", line 244, in compute_first_rows_from_streaming_response
iterable_dataset = iterable_dataset._resolve_features()
File "/usr/local/lib/python3.14/site-packages/datasets/iterable_dataset.py", line 4523, in _resolve_features
features = _infer_features_from_batch(self.with_format(None)._head())
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~^^
File "/usr/local/lib/python3.14/site-packages/datasets/iterable_dataset.py", line 2768, in _head
return next(iter(self.iter(batch_size=n)))
File "/usr/local/lib/python3.14/site-packages/datasets/iterable_dataset.py", line 2972, in iter
for key, pa_table in ex_iterable.iter_arrow():
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~^^
File "/usr/local/lib/python3.14/site-packages/datasets/iterable_dataset.py", line 2483, in _iter_arrow
yield from self.ex_iterable._iter_arrow()
File "/usr/local/lib/python3.14/site-packages/datasets/iterable_dataset.py", line 547, in _iter_arrow
for key, pa_table in iterator:
^^^^^^^^
File "/usr/local/lib/python3.14/site-packages/datasets/iterable_dataset.py", line 430, in _iter_arrow
for key, pa_table in self.generate_tables_fn(**gen_kwags):
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~^^^^^^^^^^^^^
File "/usr/local/lib/python3.14/site-packages/datasets/packaged_modules/json/json.py", line 327, in _generate_tables
raise e
File "/usr/local/lib/python3.14/site-packages/datasets/packaged_modules/json/json.py", line 290, in _generate_tables
pa_table = paj.read_json(
io.BytesIO(batch), read_options=paj.ReadOptions(block_size=block_size)
)
File "pyarrow/_json.pyx", line 364, in pyarrow._json.read_json
File "pyarrow/error.pxi", line 155, in pyarrow.lib.pyarrow_internal_check_status
File "pyarrow/error.pxi", line 92, in pyarrow.lib.check_status
raise convert_status(status)
pyarrow.lib.ArrowInvalid: JSON parse error: Missing a comma or '}' after an object member. in row 0Need help to make the dataset viewer work? Make sure to review how to configure the dataset viewer, and open a discussion for direct support.
Refined Annotations with Soft Labels for Popular Object Detection Datasets
These datasets contain refined annotations for four popular object detection benchmark datasets: COCO 2017 validation data, Pascal VOC 2012 detection data for both training and validation split, KITTI 2D object detection training data, and Cityscapes training and validation data. Each annotation consists of a bounding box (xmin, ymin, xmax, ymax) and a soft label annotation ("postprocessed_softlabel") as well as original annotator responses for object categories by annotator ID, including answer times. Cityscapes Annotations are available through the official Cityscapes platform (https://www.cityscapes-dataset.com/downloads/, "gtBboxValidated_trainval.zip (3.2MB) [md5]")
See the accompanying publication and GitHub repo for more details:
Paper: https://arxiv.org/abs/2609.21822
GitHub: https://github.com/JonathanKlees/Uncertainty-aware-Object-Detection
If you use these annotations, please cite:
@inproceedings{penquitt2026object,
title = {{Object Detection Benchmarks are Incomplete: The Role of Label Errors and Annotation Uncertainty}},
author = {Penquitt, Sarina and Klees, Jonathan and van Betteray, Antonia and Jashnieh, Parssa and Stehr, Peter and Rottmann, Matthias and Schmarje, Lars},
booktitle = {Advances in Neural Information Processing Systems Evaluations \& Datasets Track},
year = {2026},
}
License for Dataset Annotations
Copyright (c) 2026 Sarina Penquitt, Jonathan Klees, Antonia van Betteray, Parssa Jashnieh, Peter Stehr, Matthias Rottmann, Lars Schmarje
The annotations created as part of our annotation pipeline are licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License (CC BY-SA 4.0).
To view a copy of this license, visit: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/
Please note that this license only applies to the annotations provided here and original datasets have their own licensing.
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