IN THE HIGH COURT OF KERALA AT ERNAKULAM PRESENT : THE HONOURABLE MR. JUSTICE K.M.JOSEPH & THE HONOURABLE MR. JUSTICE M.L.JOSEPH FRANCIS WEDNESDAY, THE 7TH JULY 2010 / 16TH ASHADHA 1932 CRL.A.No. 1479 of 2006() ------------------------ SC.89/2005 of Addl.Sessions Court (Adhoc)Fast Track Court -II, Pathanamthitta) .................... APPELLANT: ACCUSED --------------------- VIJAYAN, THUSHARA HOUSE, MAZHUVELI VILLAGE, ELAVUMTHITTA MURI, KULAKKADA, PATHANAMTHITTA DISTRICT. BY ADV. SRI.A.N.RAJAN BABU SMT.V.SUNITHA MENON SRI.P.GOPALAKRISHNAN (MVA) RESPONDENT: --------------- STATE OF KERALA, REPRESENTED BY THE PUBLIC PROSECUTOR, HIGH COURT OF KERALA, ERNAKULAM. PUBLIC PROSECUTOR, SHRI T K VIPINDAS THIS CRIMINAL APPEAL HAVING BEEN FINALLY HEARD ON 26/5/2010, THE COURT ON 07/07/2010 DELIVERED THE FOLLOWING: K.M. JOSEPH & M.L.JOSEPH FRANCIS JJ., - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - Cr. Appeal No. 1479 of 2006 C - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - Dated this the .. th day of .... , 2010. JUDGMENT Joseph Francis J., This appeal is filed by the accused in Sessions Case No. 89 of 2005 on the file of Additional Sessions Court (Adhoc) Fast Track Court - III, Pathanamthitta. In that case, the accused was charge sheeted by the C.I. of Police, Pandalam under Sections 447 and 302 of IPC. 2. The prosecution case is briefly as follows. The accused had previous enmity towards PW11 Balachandran and his family members and deceased Devarajan who was an employee of the Soda factory of PW11 on the belief that PW11 had protected the offenders of the case in which Jisha, the daughter of the accused committed suicide by jumping into the well in 1996. The allegation Cr. A. No. 1479 of 2006 2 is that on 10.2.01 at 11.45 in the night the accused trespassed into the western courtyard of the house of PW11 armed with knife and torch and called obscene words to PW1 Lola Balanchandran, wife of PW11 and asked her “ . When PW6 Bilu, son of PW11 objected to the same, the accused kicked him. At that time Devarajan raised objection and the accused hit him with torch and then the accused took knife and stabbed Devarajan on his abdomen causing fatal injury and Devarajan died due to the injuries at 12.30 in the same night on reaching the hospital. PW1 gave F.I. statement before the police on the basis of which a case was registered and investigated. After completing the investigations charge sheet was made before JFCM, Adoor from where the case was committed to Sessions Court Pathanamthitta. The case was subsequently made over to Additional Sessions Court (Adhoc) Fast Cr. A. No. 1479 of 2006 3 Track Court - III, Pathanamthitta for trial and disposal. 3. In that court PW1 to 11 were examined on the side of the proscution and Exts.1 to 16 were marked and MOs 1 to 8 were identified. Ext.D1 was marked on the defence side. The learned Additional Sessions Judge on considering the evidence found that the accused had committed offence punishable under Sections 302 and 447 of IPC and accused was convicted and sentenced to undergo imprisonment for life under Section 302 of IPC and imprisonment for 3 months under Section 447 of IPC. Against that conviction and sentence, the accused filed this appeal. 4. We heard learned counsel for the appellant and learned Government Pleader. 5. Learned counsel for the appellant submitted that the appellant committed offence on the spur of the moment and the appellant had no intention to cause fatal injury as is likely to cause Cr. A. No. 1479 of 2006 4 death and therefore no offence of murder was committed and the appellant has committed only culpable homicide not amounting to murder punishable under Section 304 part II of IPC. The learned Government Pleader supported the judgment of the court below. 6. PW1 and PW6 are the eye witness examined on the side of the prosecution. They gave evidence that deceased Devarajan had been working in the Soda factory for the past 1 ½ years preceding the occurrence and he was residing in the room attached to the Soda factory. PWs 1 and 6 gave evidence that on 10.2.2001 at about 11.45 p.m. they were in the courtyard of their house waiting for the return of PW11 who took the driver of the tempo of his sofa factory in his scooter to his residential house. Their evidence would show that Devarajan after taking bath while changing his dress in the car shed, accused came into the courtyard uttering obscene words and asking Cr. A. No. 1479 of 2006 5 and he was holding a torch and knife in his hand and when he again called obscene words PW6 objected to the same and the accused kicked him and PW6 kept away from him averting the kick. On seeing the same, Devarajan came to the said place from the car shed and asked him what he was doing. At that time, accused with the torch inflicted blows on the head, forehead and face of Devarajan causing contusion and the accused asking him whether he was a 'gunda' of PW11 and he was looking for him, stabbed Devarajan below his navel. Consequently Devarajan fell down raising hue and cry. On seeing the said incident, PW1 and her children raised hue and cry. One Prasannan and others came to the place. 7. PWs 1 and 6 gave evidence that when accused inflicted blows on Devarajan with torch, the top portion of the torch fell down and the accused ran away with the remaining portion of torch Cr. A. No. 1479 of 2006 6 and knife. PWs 1 and 6 identified MO1 as the knife used by the accused to stab Devarajan and MO2 as the top portion of the torch which was recovered from the place of occurrence and MO4 as the remaining part of the torch recovered from the property of the accused. MO1 knife and MO4 portion of the torch were recovered from the property of accused on the basis of the statement given by the accused which is proved by PW14 - C.I. of police. 8. PWs 1 and 6 deposed that Jisha - the daughter of accused committed suicide by jumping into the well a few years before the occurrence and the accused was under an impression that PW11 and his family had given protection to the persons behind the commission of suicide by his daughter and the accused was harbouring enmity against PW1 and PW11 and their family on that account: that since Devarajan was working as an employee in the soda factory of PW11 and was assisting PW11 the accused was Cr. A. No. 1479 of 2006 7 harbouring the same grudge against Devarajan also and hence the accused intentionally caused murder of Devarajan. PW1 deposed that knife used by the accused was sharp on one side and there was a design like scale of fish and the handle was the in the shape of fish. MO1 is the said knife. 9. PW11 the husband of PW1 also deposed that deceased Devarajan was an employee of his soda factory situated in front of their house; that Devarajan had worked in the Soda factory up to 10.30 p.m. on 10.2.2001 and thereafter he was engaged in arranging the bottles since there was order for supplying soda bottles in connection with Maramon convention which was to be held on the next day and the arrangement was over by 11.30 p.m. Devarajan was residing in the room attached to the soda factory and when the said Devarajan went for taking bath, PW11 took his driver in his scooter to his residential house which is situated 1 1/2 k.m. away Cr. A. No. 1479 of 2006 8 from the place of occurrence. He would swear that when the scooter reached Nediakala junction, the accused was found coming in the opposite direction that PW11 after alighting his driver at his house when returned to his house he heard a cry from his house and found his wife and daughter crying. They told him that accused after stabbing Devarajan ran away. When he went near the place where Devarajan was lying found him and at that time his son brought a car and himself, PW1 and PW6 along with one Prasannan took Devarajan into the car after putting a shirt on him and he was taken to N.S.S. Medical Mission Hospital, Pandalam and the doctor after examination declared him as dead and the doctor reported the matter to the police station. PW1 accompanied by PW11 went the police station and gave First Information Statement. 10. PW7 was the Police surgeon attached to the Medical College Hospital, Kottayam on 11.2.2001. He gave evidence that Cr. A. No. 1479 of 2006 9 on that date he conducted postmortem examination on the dead body of Devarajan. He proved Ext.P6 the Postmortem certificate issued by him. He deposed that he noticed the following injuries on the dead body of Devarajan : i) Scab formed healing abrasion on back of root of neck on right side 2x0.3 cm. Transverse 1.5 cm outer to midline ii) Abraded contusion of left frontal region 2.9 x 2cm vertical 1.3 cm above eye brow, 2.6 cm outer to midline. iii) Abraded contution on middle of left eyebrow 1.7x 1cm vertical. 4) Abraded contusion on left cheek 3 x 1.5 cm vertical, upper end at outer aspect of outer angle of the left eye v) Abraded contusion on upper aspect of right upper arm 1x0.5 cm transverse, 3 cm below tip of shoulder vi) Abraded contusion on front of right side of chest 0.7x 0.2 cm vertical, 4.5 cm outer to midline 10 cm below nipple. Cr. A. No. 1479 of 2006 10 vii) Abraded contusion on back of right wrist 0.8 x 0.1 cm vertical viii) Abraded contusion on the right middle knucle 1x 0.3 cm vertical; ix) Abraded contusion on left side of abdomen a 1.3 x 0.3 c.m transverse, 8.5 cm outer to midline 5 cm below tip of nineth costal cartilage x) stab wound on lower abdomen on midline 3.2 cm transverse with a gaping of 2 cm situated sharply 5.5 cm below navus. The left end of the wound blunt in appearance, the right end pointed and sharply cut, entered the peritoneal cavity, made a nick on the small intestinal loop 1.2 x 1.2 cm., then pierced the mesentry 2 cm long with a gaping of 1.5 cm and cut open the front wall of left common iliac artery 0.6 x 0.6 cm. The left kidney showed perinephric hematoma 10 x 10 x 5 c.m. The peritoneal cavity contained a blood clot weighting to 1.2 kg and fluid blood measuring to 900 ml. The wound directed back and slightly upwards, the wound have a total minimum depth of 9.5 cm. He opined that the death of Devarajan was caused due to stab injury sustained at lower abdomen. According injury no. 10 stab wound on lower abdomen on midline 3.2 cm transverse with a gaping of 2 Cr. A. No. 1479 of 2006 11 cm situated 5.5 cm below navus was sufficient to cause death in the ordinary course of nature. 11. He deposed that the said injury could be caused with MO1 knife, after measuring out the length and width of MO1 knife portions by him using scale. As per said description of the injury no.10 the left end of the wound blunt in appearance, the right end pointed and sharply cut, entered the peritoneal cavity, made a nick on the small intestinal loop 1.2 x 1.2 cm. Then it pierced the mesentry 2 cm long with gaping 1.5 cm, and cut open the front wall of left common iliac artery 0.6 x 0.6 cm. PW7 noticed that Peritoneal cavity contained blood clot weighing to 1.2 kg and fluid blood measuring to 900 ml in the said cavity and the wound directed backwards and slightly upwards and the wound has a total minimum depth of 9.5 cm. In Ext.P6 he noted that death was due to the above stab injury sustained to lower abdomen. His evidence would show that in case of injury to stab wound to chest and Cr. A. No. 1479 of 2006 12 abdomen the wound act as value and does not allow blood to gout. He deposed that injuries 2 to 9 could be caused with MO2 and 4, that injury no.1 i.e., healing abrasion on the back of root of neck on right side can be caused to the victim falling on the ground. The evidence of PW7 corroborated by Ext.P6 the postmortem certificate would prove that the injuries found on the dead body of Devarajan could be caused with MOs 1, 2 and 4 and that injury no.10 which was the fatal injury could be caused with MO1 knife. He categorically denied that injuries 2 to 0 which have different dimensions could only be caused by different weapons. 12. According to him, a single weapon could cause all these injuries if different parts of the single weapon are used for hitting the body surface. He stated that second injury abraded contusion on left frontal region 2.9x 2 cm vertical 1.3 cm above eye brow, 2.6 cm outer to midline could also be caused by an iron rad. PW7 Cr. A. No. 1479 of 2006 13 deposed that injury No.10 is on the fleshy part of the body and the external length of the injury no.10 was 3.2 cm and the maximum width of blade of MO1 was 2.5 cm , that in single thrust with a weapon if the withdrawal is through the same route the external wound would correspond to the width of the knife blade of the external wound but if direction of the weapon is changed during withdrawal a large wound than the width of weapon could be inflicted. He stated that any knife having 2.5 cm width can cause injury no.10. His evidence would show that he had seen MO2 knife previously when he was questioned by the investigating officer. So his evidence corroborated by Ext.P6 an the evidence of PW1 and PW6 would prove that injury no.10 inflicted with MO1 in the lower abdomen below the navel; was deep and fatal injury cutting the common iliac artery and it was sufficient to cause death of Devarajan in the ordinary course of nature. Cr. A. No. 1479 of 2006 14 13. The defence is total denial. Since the testimony of PW1 and PW6 is reliable and corroborative of each other on all material particulars and duly corroborated by medical evidence, the accused could be convicted on the basis of their evidence. Therefore we are of the view that learned Additional Sessions Judge is justified in finding that the accused caused the death of deceased by stabbing with MO1 knife and that the accused criminally trespassed into the courtyard of the house of PW11. 14. The next question to be considered as to what are the offences committed by the accused. 15. The evidence on record shows that the deceased died due to the stab injuries on his lower abdomen inflicted by the accused by using MO1 knife. In the decision reported in Mahesh Balmiki alias Munna v. State of Madhya Pradesh (AIR 1999 S.C. 3338) it was held that: Cr. A. No. 1479 of 2006 15 'There is no principle that in all cases of single blow S.302, I.P.C. is not attracted. Single blow may, in some cases, entail conviction under S.302, I.P.C., in some cases under S.304, I.P.C. and in some other cases under S.326, I.P.C. The question with regard to the nature of offence has to be determined on the facts and in the circumstances of each case. The nature of the injury, whether it is on the vital or non-vital part of the body, the weapon used, the circumstances in which the injury is caused and the manner in which the injury is inflicted are all relevant factors which may go to determine the required intention or knowledge of the offender and the offence committed by him.” 16. In the decision reported in Mavila Thamban Nambiar v. State of Kerala (AIR 1997 S.C. 687) the appellant had given one blow with a pair of scissors on the vital part of the body of the Cr. A. No. 1479 of 2006 16 deceased and it was held that it would be reasonable to infer that the appellant had knowledge that any injury with the pair of scissors on the vital part of the body would cause death, though he may not have intended to commit murder and accordingly the conviction of the accused was altered from Section 302 I.P.C. to one under Section Section 304 Part II of I.P.C. 17. In Kulwant Rai v. State of Punjab, (AIR 1982 SC 126) one blow was given with a dagger in the epigastrium area of the deceased by the accused who was aged 20 years. The offence was committed without any pre-meditation, following a short quarrel which preceded the assault. There was no prior enmity. The Supreme Court held: “It was something like hit and run. In such a case, part 3 of Sec. 300 would not be attracted because it cannot be said that the accused intended to inflict that particular injury which was ultimately found to have been inflicted. In the circumstances Cr. A. No. 1479 of 2006 17 herein discussed, it would appear that the accused inflicted an injury which he knew to be likely to cause death and the case would accordingly fall under Sec.304 Part II Penal Code.” 18. In Shankar v. State of M.P. (AIR 1979 SC 1532), the Supreme Court was dealing with a case where the occurrence took place without any pre-meditation. While the deceased along with the accused and others had just finished their meals, the accused gave a stab with a dagger on the neck of the deceased. The Supreme Court felt that in those circumstances, the offence under Sec. 304 Part-II I.P.C. was made out. 19. In this case there was no previous enmity between the accused and decreased and there was no premeditation. What happened was there was an altercation between the accused on one side and the deceased and another on the other side and the accused took out a knife and stabbed the deceased on the lower abdomen Cr. A. No. 1479 of 2006 18 only once. All these facts would point to the only conclusion that the intention of the accused was not to commit murder of the deceased, but with all he is still to be credited with knowledge that his act was likely to cause death and hence is case will fall under Section 304 Part II of I.P.C. and not under Section 302 I.P.C. 20. Considering that facts and circumstances of the case, we are of the view that sentencing the accused to undergo rigorous imprisonment of 8 years under Section 304 Part II of IPC would meet the ends of the justice. Since the accused committed criminal trespass into the property of PW11, the accused has committed offence punishable under Section 447 of IPC and the sentence to undergo imprisonment for 3 months awarded by the court below is just and reasonable. Accordingly this Appeal is allowed in part. The conviction and sentence of the accused under Section 302 of IPC is set aside Cr. A. No. 1479 of 2006 19 and the accused is acquitted of the offence. The accused is convicted and sentenced to undergo rigorous imprisonment for 8 years under section 304 Part II of IPC. The conviction of the accused under Section 447 of IPC and sentence to undergo imprisonment for 3 months is confirmed. The sentences shall run concurrently. The court below is directed to issue the revised committal warrant. K.M. JOSEPH, JUDGE M. L. JOSEPH FRANCIS, JUDGE. dl/