IN THE HIGH COURT OF KERALA AT ERNAKULAM PRESENT : THE HONOURABLE MR. JUSTICE K.BALAKRISHNAN NAIR & THE HONOURABLE MR. JUSTICE P.BHAVADASAN THURSDAY, THE 14TH JANUARY 2010 / 24TH POUSHA 1931 CRL.A.No. 608 of 2006() ----------------------- SC.64/2005 of ADDL. SESSIONS COURT (ADHOC-2), THRISSUR CP.77/2004 of JUDL. MAGISTRATE OF FIRST CLASS COURT-I, THRISSUR .................... APPELLANT: ACCUSED --------------------- ANTONY @ SHAIJU, S/O.MATHAI, ALOOKKARAN VEEDU, KUNJANAMPARA DESAM, MARATHAKARA VILLAGE, THRISSUR. BY ADV. SRI.M.R.DHANIL SRI.A.P.VASAVAN SRI.A.P.VASAVAN RESPONDENT(S): COMPLAINANT/STATE -------------------------------- STATE OF KERALA, REPRESENTED BY C.I. OF POLICE, TOWN EAST POLICE STATION, THRISSUR, REPRESENTED BY PUBLIC PROSECUTOR, HIGH COURT OF KERALA. PUBLIC PROSECUTOR MR.NOBLE MATHEW THIS CRIMINAL APPEAL HAVING BEEN FINALLY HEARD ON ....12.2009, THE COURT ON 14.01.2010 DELIVERED THE FOLLOWING: K.BALAKRISHNAN NAIR & P.BHAVADASAN, JJ. ------------------------------------------------------------------ Cr. A. No.608 of 2006 ------------------------------------------------------------------ Dated 14th January 2009 Judgment Bhavadasan, J. The appellant, who was prosecuted for the offence punishable under S.302 IPC, was found guilty. He was, therefore, convicted and sentenced to suffer imprisonment for life. 2. The Prosecution unfolds the story thus : The incident in this case is said to have occurred on 05.02.2004, by about 8.10 pm. PW1, who is a groundnut seller, at the relevant time, was selling groundnuts on the footpath near Paramekkavu temple at Thrissur. While so, he happened to see two persons, coming along the road, showering abuses and quarrelling with each other. They passed him and a shortwhile thereafter, he saw one of them, stabbing the other. The victim, who was stabbed, fell down and he managed to reach the verandah of a nearby shop. According to PW1, after some time, a Police jeep came to the place and the victim was removed to the hospital in the Police jeep. Thereafter, PW1 is Cr.A.No.608/06 2 said to have laid Ext.P1 F.I. statement before PW18, the Sub Inspector of Police, attached to the East Fort Police Station. He recorded Ext.P1 F.I. Statement furnished by PW1 and on that basis, registered a crime as per Ext.P14 F.I.R. It so happened that the victim, namely, Kannan died due to the stab injury received by him. PW23 took over the investigation. He prepared Ext.P12 scene mahazar, recovered MOs8 and 9 from the place of incident and thereafter, he went to the hospital and conducted inquest over the body of the deceased and prepared Ext.P4 inquest report. He recovered the clothes and other articles found near the body of the deceased, at the time of inquest. He also recorded the statements of a few witnesses at the time of inquest. Coming to know about the details of the accused, he filed Ext.P19 identification report of the deceased. The accused was arrested and based on his confession statement, namely Ext.P21, MO1 shirt was recovered. PW23, on the basis of the confession statement, said to have been furnished by the accused, recovered MO2 knife as per Ext.P8 seizure mahazar on 09.02.2004. Ext.P22 is the relevant portion of the confession statement, said to have been given by the accused. On 06.02.2004, the body of the deceased was sent for autopsy. PW19, the Forensic Cr.A.No.608/06 3 Surgeon conducted autopsy on the body of the deceased Kannan and prepared Ext.P15 postmortem certificate. PW23 recorded the statement of witnesses and completed the investigation. His successor-in-office, PW22 obtained the chemical analysis report Ext.P18, verified the records and laid the final charge before Court. 3. The learned Judicial First Class Magistrate, Thrissur, before whom the final report was laid, took cognizance of the offence. The learned Magistrate complied with all the necessary legal formalities and found that the offence is one, which is exclusively triable by a Court of Sessions and therefore, committed the case to the Sessions Court, Thrissur. The said Court made over the case to the Additional Sessions Judge, Fast Track Cort-II, Thrissur, for trial and disposal. 4. The latter Court, on receipt of records, issued production warrant and the accused was produced before Court. After hearing both sides, the Trial Court framed charge for the offence punishable under S.302 IPC. When the charge was read over to the accused, he pleaded not guilty and claimed to be tried. The Prosecution, therefore, had PWs1 to 23 examined and Exts.P1 to P27 marked. Mos 1 to 12 were also identified and marked. After the close of the prosecution evidence, the accused was questioned under S.313 Cr.A.No.608/06 4 Cr.P.C. He denied all the incriminating circumstances brought out in evidence against him and pointed out that he and the deceased were good friends and he had nothing to do with the incident in this case. Finding that the accused could not be acquitted under S.232 Cr.P.C., he was asked to enter on his defence. Except having got Exts.D1 to D3 marked, the accused chose to adduce no additional evidence. After hearing both sides, the Court below found that offence has been established against the accused. The conviction and sentence, as already mentioned, followed. The conviction and sentence are assailed in this Criminal Appeal. 5. The question that arises for consideration is whether the Court below was justified in finding the accused guilty of the offence punishable under S.302 IPC. 6. The Prosecution case, in brief, is that on 05.02.2004, while the accused and the deceased were coming along the road, they quarrelled and were showering abuses on each other. PW1, a groundnut seller at the footpath near Paramekkavu temple, happened to see them. Soon after they passed him, PW1 would say that he had occasion to see one of them, stabbing the other. The Prosecution sought to establish the case through the evidence of Cr.A.No.608/06 5 PWs1, 4, 6, 7, 10, 12 and 23. PW1 is the author of Ext.P1 F.I. statement. 7. PW2 is a vendor in flowers in front of Paramekkavu temple. He also runs a tea shop there, in the evening. He denied that he has actually seen the incident. Even though the Prosecution examined PW4 also to prove the incident, unfortunately for the Prosecution, he supported only a portion of the story. 8. PW6 is the employer of the deceased Kannan, who runs a furniture shop. He speaks about the quarrel which, Kannan had with him, on the date of incident and the intervention of the accused in the said quarrel. PW7 is the Police Constable, attached to the Thrissur East Police Station, who was a witness to the recovery of MO1 shirt and jeans of the accused. He also speaks about the recovery of MO2 knife. PW8 speaks about the arrest of the accused. PW10 speaks of having seen Kannan and PW6 Franco, engaged in a quarrel at the furniture shop, owned by PW6. PW12, who resides close to the furniture shop, speaks about the quarrel between PW6 and the deceased Kannan and also the intervention of the accused in the said quarrel. PW23 is the Investigating Officer. The Court below found the above items of evidence to be convincing enough to hold Cr.A.No.608/06 6 the accused guilty. 9. The learned counsel appearing for the appellant pointed out that in fact, the case is built up on circumstantial evidence. The circumstances are not proved. Even assuming there is direct evidence, the learned counsel pointed out that the Prosecution has not succeeded in proving beyond reasonable doubt that it was the accused, who had inflicted the fatal injury on the deceased. Regarding the actual stabbing, the Prosecution has the evidence of PW1 alone. Pws3 and 4, on whom the Prosecution placed considerable reliance for proving the above said act, betrayed the Prosecution. The learned counsel drew the attention of this Court to the fact that the deceased and the accused were unfamiliar to PW1 and he had only a passing glimpse of them. At the relevant time, the area was under power-cut. Therefore, according to the learned counsel, without an identification parade, it may not be proper to rely on the identification made by PW1 in Court. It is also pointed out that PW1 speaks about a single stab, whereas there were more injuries on the body of the deceased. According to the learned counsel for the appellant, it is significant to notice that even after PW1 realised that a stab injury was inflicted on the deceased, he did nothing to Cr.A.No.608/06 7 help the victim. Instead, he stood there in a passive mood and thereafter, he suddenly rushed to the Police Station and laid Ext.P1 F.I. statement, which is, according to the learned counsel, not the normal human conduct and creates suspicion about the Prosecution story. Our attention was also drawn to the fact that the shirt, said to have been identified by the witness as worn by the accused, did not actually belong to him. Going by the evidence of PW23, in fact, it belongs to PW6. The above said anomaly has been omitted to be noted by the Court below. Attention was also drawn to the fact that there is evidence that deceased Kannan had picked up a quarrel with Franco and Franco was apprehensive that Kannan may return. Therefore, it is possible that the culprit would have been Franco. The learned counsel pointed out that there are too many dents in the Prosecution story. He also pointed out that there is no motive proved in this case. In fact, the accused had no axe to grind against the deceased and it was PW6, who had a grudge against him. At any rate, the accused is entitled to the benefit of doubt, it is contended. 10. The learned Public Prosecutor, on the other hand, pointed out that there is no merit in any of the contentions raised by the defence. The Prosecution has produced all possible evidence. It is Cr.A.No.608/06 8 unfortunate that two of the witnesses, who were cited to prove the incident, chose not to help the Prosecution. It is true that the victim and the accused were not familiar to PW1. The learned Public Prosecutor pointed out that the deceased and the accused were coming along the road, shouting, quarrelling and showering abuses at each other and if they had caught the attention of PW1, there was nothing wrong in it. PW1 has stated that at the relevant time, though there was power cut, he had lighted the petromax with him and so, he could see the two persons in its light. Both of them had passed him and therefore, it was possible that he had an opportunity to notice the features of the victim and as well as the assailant. The learned Public Prosecutor pointed out that there was no reason as to why PW1 should falsely implicate the accused. The infirmity pointed out regarding the identification of the shirt is of little significance. The evidence in the case shows that PW6 and the accused were wearing red shirts on the date of incident and therefore, it can be possible that a mistake has been occurred, while identifying the shirt by the said witness. The learned Public Prosecutor also pointed out that it is significant to notice that MO2 knife, which was used for inflicting the stab injury was recovered, based on the confession statement Cr.A.No.608/06 9 said to have been given by the accused and the knife contained blood stains on it. 11. PW1 says that he had occasion to notice the accused and the deceased coming along the road. Both of them were quarrelling and showering abuses on each other in the most offensive language. He would say that they passed him and he could see them in the light furnished by the petromax, which was lighted due to power cut in the area. According to PW1, he then saw one of the persons stabbing the other. The victim sat on the ground and in a shortwhile thereafter, he managed to get into the verandah of a nearby shop. The accused went towards the southern side of the road. Soon thereafter, he found the flying squad, coming along the road and taking the victim to the hospital. Later, he learned that the victim has succumbed to his injuries. So, he went to the Thrissur East Fort Police Station and laid Ext.P1 F.I. statement. He identified MO1 shirt, said to have been worn by the accused at the time of the incident and also MO2 Knife. 12. PW2 claims to be a vendor in flowers and he also runs a tea shop near Paramekkavu temple. He sells flowers in the morning and tea in the evening. Though he was cited to prove the incident as Cr.A.No.608/06 10 such, he denied of having seen the incident and confined to saying that he happened to see a person, lying on the footpath and the said person being carried away by the Police. The evidence of PW4 is, in no way, different from the evidence given by PW2. He too confines himself to stating that he happened to see a person lying on the footpath. After some time, he saw the flying squad coming and taking the person to the hospital. He also speaks about the presence of PW1 and others at the place of incident. 13. PW6 Franco, as already stated, runs a furniture mart near Paramekkavu temple. He has two employees namely, Kesavan and the deceased Kannan. Kannan hails from Marathakkara. He joined the shop of PW6 on 13.01.2004, as introduced by one Rajesh. He was being paid Rs.150/- per day and he used to stay in his shop during night. PW6 comes to the shop in the morning and leaves by 6.30 pm. On 05.02.2004, his employee Kesavan had informed him that he will come to the shop, only in the afternoon. On the date of the incident, the victim had come heavily drunk to the furniture shop. PW6 directed him not to attend to work, as he was not in a fit condition to do so. This annoyed the deceased, who picked up a quarrel with PW6. While the quarrel was going on, the accused Cr.A.No.608/06 11 happened to come there and he intervened in the quarrel. Both PW6 and the deceased were familiar to him. Coming to know about the reason for the quarrel, he asked the deceased to go along with him. But, the deceased continued with his pranks. In the meanwhile, another person by name, Suresh, came to the place. He also talked to Kannan. The accused then, seems to have asked PW6, what was the amount due to Kannan. PW6 replied that it was Rs.600/-. The accused volunteered to make Kannan understand and tried to pacify him. However, Kannan insisted on getting Rs.1500/- from PW6. PW6 pointed out that Kannan happened to stay in his shop during night, only due to his generosity. He handed over Rs.600/- to the accused, who guaranteed to settle the dispute. Soon thereafter, the evidence is to the effect that Kannan began to abuse the accused, saying that he had connived with PW6 and that was not proper. There was altercation between the two and they left the place. PW6 would say that he did not see Kannan thereafter and on the date of the incident, the accused was wearing a red shirt. He identified MO1 as the shirt worn by the accused. 14. PW10 is another witness, who speaks about having seen Kannan and PW6 together on the date of incident and he says that Cr.A.No.608/06 12 he had seen them, talking to each other. He also speaks about having seen PW6, handing over some cash to the accused. His evidence shows that PW6 Franco too was wearing a red shirt on the relevant day. He runs a small bunk shop and STD booth, opposite to the furniture shop of PW6. 15. PW12 says that he had seen Kannan, working for PW6 Franco. He also says that Kannan used to spend his night in the furniture shop. He had occasion to see the accused and the deceased together on a few occasions. He had seen Kannan, on the date of incident. He saw Kannan, leaving the shop along with the accused. PW12 would also depose that when he came to his shop in the afternoon, he found Kannan and PW6 engaged in an altercation. In a shortwhile thereafter, he found the accused coming to the shop and intervening in the quarrel. He too would depose that PW6 was wearing a red shirt. After PW6 handing over the cash to the accused, the accused and the deceased left the place. It must be remembered that the Prosecution has also cited and examined Pws 2 and 4 to prove the incident. Unfortunately, they betrayed the Prosecution. As already noticed, it is not necessary to eschew their evidence altogether. Their evidence already referred, would corroborate the Cr.A.No.608/06 13 version given by PW1. Much was said about the identification made by PW1. True, the evidence shows that the accused and the deceased were unfamiliar to PW1. It is also true that at the relevant time, the area was under power cut. But, PW1 has categorically stated that he had lighted the petromax with him and he could see the persons, in the light furnished by the petromax. One cannot omit to note that the place, where he was doing business was a busy area in Thrissur town and there were several other footpath vendors and shops in the area. All those shops/vendors had light with them. Therefore, it is not possible to accept the contention that the only light available was the one from the petromax which was lighted by PW1. 16. There is nothing unusual in PW1 having focussed his attention on the victim and the accused. Both of them were in an inebriated condition. PW1 says that apart from showering abuses in a filthy language to each other, they were also quarrelling. The accused and the victim passed PW1. Because of their conduct, he noticed their features. It is not the law that in every case, there should be an identification parade. The identification parade during the investigation is conducted only to ensure that the investigating Cr.A.No.608/06 14 agency is proceeding in the right direction. It is well settled that the identification before Court constitutes substantive evidence. It is here that one has to notice that PW1 has stated that the man, who stabbed the victim was wearing a red shirt. The question as to whether MO1 shirt or MO10 shirt was worn by the accused, is not of significance because both the shirts are red in colour. It is virtually impossible for the witness to say, which was the shirt, worn by the accused. 17. One may now have to look at the sequence of events on the date of incident. Before coming to the place of incident, there was an unpleasant scene at the furniture shop of PW6. That has already been referred to. Sufficient evidence in that regard has been adduced by PWs6 and 10. Thereafter, the quarrel between PW6 and the deceased and subsequent intervention by the accused are spoken to by PWs 6, 10 and 12. 18. The suggestion thrown by the defence is that since it was Franco, who had a grudge against the deceased, it was necessary for him to wipe off the deceased. In all probability, the act must have been committed by Franco. This, according to the learned counsel for the defence, would be further fortified by the fact that MO2 was Cr.A.No.608/06 15 the shirt worn by PW6. Though the above argument may look attractive at the first blush, it does not stand scrutiny. The accused was a frequent visitor to the furniture shop of PW6 and it appears, PW6 was taking objections in his entering the shop and had cautioned the deceased. The claim of PW6 that he had handed over Rs.600/- to the accused to be handed over to the deceased, seems probable. One may remember that his evidence is to the effect that PW6 thought that the accused would be able to settle between them, the matter between Kannan and himself. Unfortunately, Kannan was not in a mood to yield and that resulted in an altercation between the accused and the deceased. The evidence of PW1 also shows that both the accused and the deceased were in a belligerent mood and were showering abuses on each other at the top of their voice. The language used by them and the manner in which they were coming along the road, have already been referred to herein above. 19. One cannot omit to note the significance of recovery of MO2 at the instance of the accused. That contained blood stains on it. The recovery falls within the ambit of S.27 of the Indian Evidence Act. There was no justifiable reason for PW1 to favour PW6 and falsely implicate the accused. To a considerable extent, the evidence Cr.A.No.608/06 16 of PW1 gets support from PWs2 and 4. The doctrine 'falses in uno falses in omnibus' has no application in India. 20. The Court below has considered all the materials on record and has meticulously analysed the evidence. It is thereafter, that the Court below has come to the conclusion that the fatal injury was, in fact, inflicted by the accused. No justifiable reasons are made out to interfere with the said finding. 21. Faced with the above situation, the learned counsel for the appellant pointed out that even assuming what the Prosecution says is true, still, the offence under S.302 IPC would not be attracted. The learned counsel pointed out that even going by the evidence, it was a spontaneous act on the part of the accused and there was no premeditation or intention to commit murder. There is nothing on evidence to show that there was actual intention on the part of the accused to do any objectionable act and so, his act cannot fall under any of the clauses of S.300 and it can fall only under the second part of S.304 IPC, it is contended. 22. We think, there is some substance in the above contention raised by the learned counsel for the appellant. Re-capitulating the evidence on record, the incident started, when the accused Cr.A.No.608/06 17 intervened in the quarrel between the deceased and PW6 Franco. One may recollect that in fact, the accused demanded Rs.1,500/- while PW6 maintained that he is liable to pay only Rs.600/-. The accused, namely, Shaiju received Rs.600/- from PW6, promising to settle the matter between him and the deceased. The deceased did not like the same and he believed that the accused had betrayed him. That was the reason for the belligerent mood of the deceased. The evidence of PW6 has already been discussed and that shows that the victim was in no mood to relent. It has also come out in evidence that while showering abuses, reference was made to the mother of the accused and at that point of time, the stab occurred. It would appear that the stab was on a sudden provocation and it was neither intended nor pre-meditated. It is also true that there were two other stab injuries also, but, they were superficial in nature and the fatal injury was the one inflicted on the abdomen. The learned counsel was right and fully justified in contending that the act of the accused will not fall under S.302, but he should be treated only as contemplated under the second part of S.304, while inflicting the injury on the deceased. To that extent, the finding of the Court below needs interference. In the result, this Criminal Appeal is partly Cr.A.No.608/06 18 allowed. The conviction of the accused for the offence punishable under S.302 IPC and the sentence of imprisonment for life are set aside. He is found guilty for the offence punishable under Part II of S.304 IPC and is sentenced to suffer rigorous imprisonment for a period of eight years. Set off as per law shall be allowed. K.BALAKRISHNAN NAIR, JUDGE P.BHAVADASAN, JUDGE sta Cr.A.No.608/06 19 K.BALAKRISHNAN NAIR, & P.BHAVADASAN, JJ. ======================== Cr. A No.608 of 2006 ======================== JUDGMENT DATED 14TH JANUARY 2010 =========================