IN THE HIGH COURT OF JUDICATURE AT MADRAS DATED: 10.06.2010 CORAM: THE HONOURABLE MR. JUSTICE K.N.BASHA Criminal Revision Case Nos.744 to 747 of 2003 & Crl.M.P.Nos.4543 to 4546 of 2003 1. M/s.Sivanandha Steel Ltd. 2. R.P.Krishnamurthi, Executive Director 3. P.Venkatesan, Managing Director both of M/s.Sivanandha Steels Ltd., Plot No.18, 19 & 20, Industrial Estate, Ambattur, Chennai – 600 058. .. Petitioners/Accused 1 to 3 in all these petitions Vs. M/s.Upasana Finance Ltd. Rep. By Ragupathy, No.96/1, Luz Church Road, Mylapore, Chennai – 600 004. .. Respondent/Complainant in all these petitions Prayer : Criminal Revision Cases have been filed against the order dated 24.04.2003 in Crl.M.P.Nos.1571, 1568, 1570 & 1569 of 2003 in C.C.Nos.6894 of 1998, 2725, 2730 & 2727 of 1999 passed by the learned XXIII Metropolitan Magistrate, Saidapet, Chennai. For Petitioners in : Mr.C.S.Dhanasekaran all these petitions For Respondents : Mr.S.Venkatesan in all these petitions C O M M O N O R D E R In view of the fact that the complainant as well as the accused, viz., the petitioners are one and the same in all these cases and the question involved in these matters coupled with the impugned orders are also based on one and the same reason, this Court heard all these matters together and disposed of by means of this common order. 2. The revision petitioners, who have been arrayed as A1 to A3, have come forward with these revision petitions challenging the orders passed by the learned XXIII Metropolitan Magistrate, Saidapet, Chennai, dismissing the petitions filed under Section 243 (2) Cr.P.C. read with Section 45 of the Indian Evidence Act seeking for the https://hcservices.ecourts.gov.in/hcservices/ relief of sending the original cheques as well as the defence document, Ex.D.3, and the signature of the second accused contained in the statement recorded under Section 313 Cr.P.C. and the acknowledgment card marked as Ex.P.8, for getting expert opinion as the second accused disputing his signature in the original cheques. 3. Mr.C.S.Dhanasekaran, learned counsel for the petitioners, would submit that the petitioners are facing trial for the alleged offence under Section 138 of the Negotiable Instruments Act. It is submitted that the trial had already commenced and the examination of witnesses are over. It is submitted that the petitioners have examined the defence witnesses on 23.04.2003 and at that time, the present petitions were filed for seeking the relief of sending the original cheques for expert opinion by comparing the signature of A2 contained in the original cheques along with defence document, Ex.D.3, and the signature of the second accused contained in the statement recorded under Section 313 Cr.P.C. and the acknowledgment card marked as Ex.P.8. 4. It is contended that without assigning any valid reasons, the learned Magistrate dismissed the petitions only on the ground that the examination of witnesses including the defence witnesses was over and the case was at the stage of arguments and delivering judgment. It is contended that the learned Magistrate erred in holding that the Court itself can compare the signature of the accused as per Section 73 of the Indian Evidence Act. The learned counsel for the petitioners would submit that even in the cross-examination of P.W.1, questions were put to P.W.1 to the effect of denying the signature of A2 contained in the cheque. It is contended that the petitioners filed the petitions to send the cheques for expert opinion at the right stage, i.e., after questioning under Section 313 Cr.P.C. as it is the burden of the accused to rebut the presumption contemplated under Section 139 of the Negotiable Instruments Act. It is contended that the passport of A2 containing his signature was also shown to P.W.1 and P.W.1 has also admitted the signature of A2 in the passport. It is contended that a suggestion was also put to P.W.1 that the signature found in the cheques differs from the signature found in the passport. Therefore, it is submitted no prejudice would be caused to the complainant in the event of sending the cheques for expert opinion and the learned Magistrate could have given reasonable opportunity for the petitioners to rebut the presumption contemplated under Section 139 of the Negotiable Instruments Act. Therefore, it is submitted that the impugned orders are liable to be set aside. 5. Per contra, learned counsel for the respondent would submit that there is no illegality in the impugned orders passed by the learned Magistrate. It is contended that the learned Magistrate has assigned the reasons to the effect that the petitions to send the cheques for expert opinion were filed only at the stage of defence arguments and the signatures found in the cheques as well as other https://hcservices.ecourts.gov.in/hcservices/ documents relied on by the defence could be compared by the court itself. Therefore, it is contended that the learned Magistrate has assigned valid reasons and the petitioners have not made out any ground warranting the interference of this Court in the impugned orders. 6. I have given my careful consideration to the rival contentions put forward by either side and also perused the impugned orders and other materials available on record. 7. It is seen that in these cases the examination of complainant's witnesses is over including the cross-examination and the cases are at the defence stage for arguments. It is pertinent to note that from the perusal of the evidence of P.W.1, the defence has put a suggestion denying and disputing the signature of A2 alleged to have been contained in the cheques and P.W.1 has admitted the signature of A2 in the passport. Therefore, the petitioners rightly filed the petitions at this stage seeking the relief of sending the original cheques for comparison of the signatures of A2 found in other documents including his signature contained in the statement recorded under Section 313 Cr.P.C. and the passport. 8. A perusal of the impugned orders reveals that the learned Magistrate dismissed the petitions mainly stating that the petitions were filed at the defence stage and at the time of arguments and the signatures can be compared by the Court itself. This Court is of the view that it is not safe to compare the signatures of the accused by the Court itself as the Court cannot play the role of an expert. 9. The Hon'ble Apex Court in State of Maharashtra V. Sukhdeo Singh reported in AIR 1992 SC 2100, has held as hereunder : "Court should be slow to compare disputed document with admitted document for comparison although section 73 empowers the Court to compare disputed writings with the specimen/admitted documents shown to be genuine. Prudence demands that Court should be extremely slow in venturing an opinion on the basis of mere comparison, more so, when the quality of evidence in respect of specimen/admitted writings is not of high standard." 10. The Hon'ble Apex Court in Ajit V. State reported in AIR 1997 SC 3255 has held that, "Therefore, despite no legal bar to Judge using his eyes, the Judge should hesitate to base his findings with regard to identity of handwriting solely on comparison made by himself." 11. Therefore, in view of the settled principle of law laid down https://hcservices.ecourts.gov.in/hcservices/ by the Hon'ble Apex Court in the decisions cited supra, it is not safe and desirable for the Court to compare the signature of the accused with the admitted signature on its own and to base its findings and as such, the reason assigned by the learned Magistrate in dismissing the petitions is unacceptable and unreasonable. 12. Now coming to the next reason assigned by the learned Magistrate to the effect that the petitioners filed the petitions to send the cheques for expert opinion at a belated stage, it is to be stated that now the case is pending at the defence stage after questioning the accused under Section 313 Cr.P.C. It is pertinent to note that the second accused has specifically denied his signature in the cheques. The fact remains even during the course of cross- examination of P.W.1, question was put by the defence disputing the signature contained in the cheques and P.W.1 admitted in his cross- examination that A-2's signature contained in his passport. The petitioners rightly sought for the relief of sending the cheques for expert opinion for comparing the signature of A-2 contained in the cheque along with the defence document, Ex.D.3, statement recorded under Section 313 Cr.P.C., passport and in the acknowledgment card. It is to be borne in mind by this Court that as per Section 139 of the Negotiable Instruments Act, it is the burden of the accused to rebut the presumption as Section 139 of the Negotiable Instruments Act provides that once the cheque contains the signature of a particular accused, it has to be presumed to have been issued towards the legally enforceable liability. Such presumption has necessarily to be rebutted by the accused either by eliciting cross-examination or by placing reliance on other materials or by preponderance of probabilities. The accused having put the relevant questions during the course of cross-examination and admittedly the case is at the defence stage, the revision petitioners/accused have rightly preferred the petitions for sending the disputed cheques for the expert opinion in respect of signatures contained in the said cheques and it cannot be stated that the said petitions have been preferred by the petitioners at a belated stage. 13. At this juncture, it is relevant to refer to the principle laid down by the Hon'ble Apex Court in Kalyani Baskar v. M.S.Sampornam (JT 2007 (1) SC 77), wherein the Hon'ble Apex Court has held as follows: "Section 243(2) is clear that a Magistrate holding an inquiry under the Cr.P.C. in respect of an offence triable by him does not exceed his powers under Section 243(2) if, in the interest of justice, he directs to send the document for enabling the same to be compared by a hand-writing expert because even in adopting this course, the purpose is to enable the Magistrate to compare the disputed signature of writing with the admitted writing or signature of the accused and to reach his own https://hcservices.ecourts.gov.in/hcservices/ conclusion with the assistance of the expert. The appellant is entitled to rebut the case of the respondent and if the document viz. The cheque on which the respondent has relied upon for initiating criminal proceedings against the appellant would furnish good material for rebutting that case, the Magistrate having declined to send the document for the examination and opinion of the hand-writing expert has deprived the appellant of an opportunity of rebutting it. The appellant cannot be convicted without an opportunity being given to her to present her evidence and it is denied to her, there is no fair trial. 'Fair trial' includes fair and proper opportunities allowed by law to prove her innocence. Adducing evidence in support of the defence is a valuable right. Denial of that right means denial of fair trial. It is essential that rules of procedure designed to ensure justice should be scrupulously followed, and courts should be jealous in seeing that there is no breach of them. We have not been able to appreciate the view of the learned Judge of the High Court that the petitioner has filed application under Section 243 Cr.P.C. without naming any person as witness or anything to be summoned, which are to be sent for handwriting expert for examination. As noticed above, Section 243(2) CrPC refers to a stage when the prosecution closes its evidence after examining the witnesses and the accused has entered upon his defence. The appellant in this case requests for sending the cheque, in question, for the opinion of the hand-writing expert after the respondent has closed her evidence, the Magistrate should have granted such a request unless he thinks that the object of the appellant is vexation or delaying the criminal proceedings. In the circumstances, the order of the High Court impugned in this appeal upholding the order of the Magistrate is erroneous and not sustainable." 14. The above said decision was further relied on by the Hon'ble Apex Court in a later decision in T.Nagappa V. Y.R.Muralidhar reported in (2008) 5 SCC 633. 15. The principle laid down by the Hon'ble Apex Court in the decisions cited supra is squarely applicable to the facts of the instant cases as in these cases also the petitioners rightly filed the petitions to send the cheques for expert opinion to compare the signatures of A2 after closing of the prosecution evidence and after examining the witnesses for defence as per the provision under Section 243(2) Cr.P.C. Therefore, there is absolutely no illegality in preferring such applications at that stage, viz., at the defence stage. https://hcservices.ecourts.gov.in/hcservices/ 16. In view of the aforesaid reasons, this Court is constrained to set aside orders dated 24.04.2003 passed by the learned XXIII Metropolitan Magistrate, Saidapet, Chennai, in Crl.M.P.Nos.1571, 1568, 1570 & 1569/2003 in C.C.Nos.6894/1998, 2725, 2730 & 2727/1999. These petitions are allowed. Consequently, connected miscellaneous petitions are closed. 17. The learned Magistrate is hereby directed to send the disputed cheques along with the above said documents as per the petitions preferred by the petitioners within a period of two weeks from the date of receipt of a copy of this order, for getting expert opinion. It is made clear that the petitioners shall give their co- operation for speedy disposal of the trial. Sd/ Asst.Registrar /true copy/ Sub Asst.Registrar gg To 1.The XXIII Metropolitan Magistrate, Saidapet, Chennai. 2.-Do-Thro The Chief Metropolitan Magistrate, Egmore, Chennai-8. 1 cc To Mr.S.Venkatesan, Advocate, SR.41549 4 cc To Mr.C.S.Dhanasekaran, Advocate, SR.41356 Crl.R.Case Nos.744 to 747 of 2003 & Crl.M.P.Nos.4543 to 4546 of 2003 klt(co) pmk.21.6.2010. https://hcservices.ecourts.gov.in/hcservices/