THE HON’BLE MR JUSTICE D.S.R. VARMA AND THE HON’BLE MR JUSTICE R. KANTHA RAO CRIMINAL APPEAL NO. 900 of 2007 Between: Mekala Pedda Koteshwar Rao and seven others …Appellants And The State of Andhra Pradesh rep. By Public Prosecutor, High Court of A.P.Hyderabad. …Respondent THE HON’BLE MR JUSTICE D.S.R. VARMA AND THE HON’BLE MR JUSTICE R. KANTHA RAO CRIMINAL APPEAL NO. 900 of 2007 JUDGMENT: (Per Hon'ble Sri Justice R.Kantha Rao,J) This appeal is directed against the judgment, dated 05.07.2007 passed by the IV Additional Sessions Judge (Fast Track Court), Markapur, Prakasam District in S.C.No.260 of 2005. 2. The appellants/A-1 to A-8 were tried by the learned Sessions Judge for the following charges: (1) Accused No.1 -- Under Sections 147, 148, 302, 302, 302, 307 and 307 of IPC and Sections 25 and 27 of Arms Act. (2) Accused 2 and 3 -- Under Sections 147, 148, 302 and 307 of IPC. (3) Accused No. 3 -- Under Section 324 of IPC. (4) Accused 4, 5 and 8 -- Under Sections 147, 148, 324 and 302 read with Section 149 and Section 307 read with Section 149 of IPC. (5) Accused 6 and 7 -- Under Sections 147, 148 and 302 read with Section 149 and Section 307 read with Section 149 of IPC. 3. By his judgment, the learned Additional Sessions Judge acquitted A-1 to A-3 for the offence under Section 307 of IPC, A-8 for the offence under Section 324 of IPC having found them not guilty for the said offences. 4. However, the learned Additional Sessions Judge convicted A-1 and A-2 for the offence under Section 302 of IPC and sentenced each of them to undergo imprisonment for life an to pay fine of Rs.500/-. Convicted A-3 to A-8 for the offence under Section 302 r/w 149 of IPC and sentenced each of them to undergo imprisonment for life and to pay fine of Rs.500/-. Also convicted A-1 for the offence under Section 307 of IPC and sentenced him to undergo R.I. for five years and to pay fine of Rs.300/-. Further convicted A-2 to A-8 for the offence under Section 307 r/w 149 of IPC and sentenced each of them to undergo R.I. for a period of five years and to pay fine of Rs.300/-. Convicted A-1 and A-3 for the offence under Section 324 IPC and sentenced each of them to undergo S.I. for a period of one year. Convicted A-4 and A-5 for the offence under Section 324 of IPC and sentenced each of them to undergo S.I. for a period of one year. Also convicted A-3 and A-5 for the offence under Section 324 of IPC and sentenced each of them to undergo S.I. for a period of one year. Convicted A-1 for the offence under Section 27 of the Arms Act and sentenced him to undergo S.I. for a period of three years and to pay fine of Rs.200/-. 5. Challenging the said order of conviction and sentence, the appellants preferred this appeal. 6. The prosecution case, in a nutshell, is as follows: In the village of Pathamallapuram situate within the limits of Beasthavaripeta police station limits in Prakasam District, there are two factions affiliated to two major political parties. PW-1 (Gosu Polaiah) and A-1 had a land dispute since long time prior to the incident. On 10.05.2004 at about 5.00 p.m. there was a quarrel between the brother of A-1 on one side and PW-1’s wife PW-6 on the other relating to the entry into the land through the land of A-1. PW-7 had subsided the matter for the time being, subsequently on 10.05.2004 PW-1 went to B.V.Peta to purchase cotton seeds and at about 1.00 p.m. PWs.1 and 7 were waiting at B.V. Peta bus stop to go to their village, A-2 and A-3 came there and beat PW-1 with hands and kicked him, pursuant to the altercation which took place on the previous night, PW-7 and LW-10 (Angirekula Rajulaiah) rescued PW-1 from the hands of A-2 and A-3. Thereafter, the bus for which they were waiting came, PWs.1 and 7 boarded the bus and while PW-1 was in the bus, A-2 and A-3 beat him. PWs.7 and 8 and LW-11 (Velpula Rajaiah) and some other passengers in the bus interfered and subsided the matter, thereafter A-1 to A-3 went to their village on a motorcycle prior to the arrival of PW-1. At about 2.15 p.m. PW-1 got down the bus at his village and was proceeding to his house. Almost at the same point of time the results of the general elections held to the Legislative Assembly in the year 2004 were announced and it was made known that the candidate of the political party supported by the prosecution party secured a majority of 63 votes from Pathamallapuram. 7. When PW-1 reached near the house of Angirekula China Rajaiah, all the accused formed themselves into unlawful assembly, arming with deadly weapons with the common object of killing PW-1, like country made gun, sticks and axes PW-1, A-2 hacked him with an axe on the head, A-3 beat him with a stick on his right hand, meanwhile on hearing the cries, PWs.2 to 4 and the deceased 1 to 4 came there to rescue PW-1, then A-1 with an intention to kill them, opened fire with country made gun and other accused also attacked the prosecution party with the weapons in their hands with an intention to kill them. 8. As a result of firing by A-1 with the country made gun, the deceased No.1 received a bullet injury on the chest and died on the spot. The second deceased received a bullet injury on the stomach, the third deceased received bullet injury on the chest, on the left leg below the knee and PW-4 also received bullet injury on the stomach. A-2 hacked on the head of 4th deceased with an axe and A-3 beat him on the right leg with a stick, A-1 beat PW-1 with the butt of the country made gun on the head of PW-1, due to which the wooden piece of the gun was broken and had fallen down on the ground. A-8 hacked PW-2 with an axe on the head, A-4 and A-5 beat PW-2 with sticks on the head, A-5 hacked PW-3 with an axe on the head, A-3 beat him with stick on the right shoulder and on the right little finger. After witnessing the death of the first deceased, all the accused fled away. 9. Later, the deceased Nos.2 to 4 and PWs.1 to 4 were shifted to Government Hospital, Cumbum, on the way to the hospital, deceased No.2 succumbed to the injuries. PW-14, the Sub-Inspector of Police, B.V. Peta Police Station rushed to the Govt. Hospital, Cumbum and recorded the statement of PW-1 and basing on the said statement, he registered a case in Crime No.32 of 2004 under Sections 147, 148, 302, 307 of IPC and Sections 25 and 27 of Arms Act r/w 149 of IPC. The deceased Nos.3 and 4 succumbed t the injuries on 13.05.2004 while undergoing treatment in Government General Hospital, Guntur. PW-17 took up investigation and conducted most part of the investigation, and thereafter, PW-19, the Inspector of Police took over investigation and after completing the investigation, filed charge sheet. 10. The prosecution in order to prove the guilt of the appellants before the learned Additional Sessions Judge examined PWs.1 to 20, marked Exs.P-1 to P-30 and M.Os.1 to 7. In defence, Exs.D-1 to D-3 were marked on behalf of the appellants. The learned Additional Sessions Judge on a consideration of the entire evidence placed on record, passed the order of conviction and sentence against the appellants as detailed hereinabove. 11. Now the point for consideration in this appeal is whether the order of conviction and sentence passed by the trial Court against the appellants can be sustained. 12. PW-1 apart from speaking about A-2 and A-3 beating him on the date of offence while he was waiting at the bus stop and also A-1 to A-3 beating him subsequently and PW-7 and PW-12 rescuing him and thereafter A-1 to A-3 proceeding towards their village on a motorcycle stated in his deposition before the trial Court with regard to the main incident as follows: “When he reached near the house of Pilli Guravaih, all the accused came there, A-1 was arming with a gun, A-2, A-4, A-7 and A-8 were arming with axes and the remaining accused were arming with sticks, A-2 hacked him with an axe on his head, A-3 beat him with a stick on the right elbow, then PWs.2 to 4 and deceased Nos.1 to 4 whose houses are situate nearby came to the place of occurrence and questioned the accused about their highhandedness. Thereafter, A-1 fired his gun, the deceased Nos.1 to 3 and PW-4 received bullet injuries. A-5 beat PW-3 on the head with an axe, A-3 beat PW-3 with a stick on her right shoulder, due to which PW-3 received injury on the right shoulder as well as the fingers of the right hand. A-2 beat deceased No.4 with an axe on the head, A-2 beat PW-2 with axe on the head and A-3 beat PW-2 with stick on the right shoulder. A-1 beat him (PW-1) with the butt of the gun on his head, the wooden butt of the gun was broken due to the said blow and had fell down on the ground, thereafter all the accused ran away from the place of occurrence and all the villagers also gathered at the spot.” 13. PW-2 in his deposition before the trial Court stated as follows: “On hearing some commotion near the house of Pilli Guruvaih, he, the deceased Nos.1 to 4 and PW-4 proceeded to the place of occurrence, A-1 fired his gun and caused injuries to deceased Nos.1 to 3 and PW-4. A-8 hacked on his head with axe, A-4 and A-5 beat with sticks on the top of his head, A-2 hacked deceased No.4 on his head with axe, A-3 beat deceased No.4 on his legs and waist, A-1 beat PW-1 with the butt of his gun on his head due to which the butt of the gun which was made up of the wood was broken and was separated from the gun and fell down on the ground, thereafter he lost his consciousness and regained consciousness on the following day at about 10.00 a.m. in Govt. General Hospital, Guntur.” 14. PW-3 stated in his evidence before the trial Court as follows: “On the date of the incident at about 2.00 p.m. while she was at his house, she heard commotion in front of the house of Pilli Guruvaih, came out of her house and witnessed the incident. A-1 caught hold of PW-1 and the remaining accused were beating PW-1, thereafter she proceeded to the spot. Deceased Nos.1 to 4, PWs.1, 2 and 4 were at the place of occurrence by then. A-1 fired gun due to which deceased No.1 received bullet injuries on the chest, deceased No.2 received injury on his navel and deceased No.3 received injury on the ribs, whereas PW-4 received injury on the left side of the stomach, A-2 hacked deceased No.4 with axe on his head, A-3 and A-4 beat PW-4 with sticks on his legs, when she (PW-3) attempted to interfere, A-5 bat her with axe on the back of her head, A-3 beat with sticks on the right shoulder, and the fingers of right hand, while she kept her right hand on the right shoulder, A-8 beat PW-2 with sticks on his head, A-1 beat PW-1 with butt of the gun on his head, deceased No.1 died on the spot and thereafter all the accused fled away from the place of occurrence.” 15. PW-4 stated in his evidence before the trial Court as follows: “When he was at the house of the first deceased, they heard commotion outside the house of deceased No.1 and thereafter he, deceased Nos.1 to 4 and PWs.1 to 3 came out side the house and went to the place where the galata was going on, they saw A-1 to A-8 beating PW-1 and on that they went to rescue him, then A-1 fired the gun against them, the deceased Nos.1 to 3 and he (PW-4) received pellet injuries when A-1 fired the gun. He (PW-4) received pellet injury on the left side of the stomach, A-2 hacked deceased No.4 with stick on his legs, A-8 hacked PW-2 with axe on his head, A-4 and A-5 beat PW-2 with stick on his head, A-1 beat PW-1 with the butt of the gun on his head, due to the said blow, the wooden butt of the gun was broken and was separated from the gun. A-5 beat PW-3 with axe on her head, A-6 and A-7 beat PW-1 and PW-3 with axes, thereafter the accused fled away from the scene of offence. 16. Then we would like to place on record the findings of the post mortem reports of deceased Nos.1 to 4 and the injuries received by PWs.1 to 4 as disclosed from the medical evidence. 17. P.W.12, who conducted autopsy over the body of deceased No.1, stated in his deposition that he found the following appearances: Rigor mortis passed off. Magets present over the body. External findings: Face swelling. Tongue and eye-balls swelling present. There is 5 x 4” oval injury over the left side of chest. It is black in colour. Scrotum swelling present. Back side 3 small 1 x 1 cm openings present. Internal findings: Head-skull bones are intact. Brain coverings are normal. Blood vessels are congested. Neck - hyoid bone normal. Thorasis: Left side of 3 to 6 ribs are fractured. Multiple openings anterireal part of heart. Left lung ruptured. Thorasic cavity filled with blood and blood clots. Abdomin: All organs congested. He opined that the cause of death was due to cardiogenic and haemohrragic type of shock. Ex.P-12 is the post-mortem certificate issued by him. He opined that the injuries might be possible due to firearm. 18. P.W.15 conducted post-mortem examination over the body of deceased No.2 and he found the following appearances: External findings: Head normal, no external injuries, neck: normal, no external injuries. Thorasic cage, normal in shape, no external injuries. Abdomen: There is oval shaped entry wound over the distended abdomen chest 2” above the amelicas on the left side of the abdomen and the size of the wound is ¾” in diameter and underlying tissue is contested. Limbs: both the upper and lower limbs are normal and no external injuries. Pelvic and external genetalia - Pelvic and genetalia are normal and no external injuries. Vertibral column: Normal in shape and no external injuries. Internal findings: Skull: No bony injury (no fractures), Brain: Brain tissue congested, no blood clots, neck: normal and hyoid bone is normal, trachea normal. Thorassic cage: No rib fractures, heart and lungs are normal and on cut section tissue congested and heart chambers filled with blood and tissue congested. Abdomen: Entry wound of bullet with approximate diameter of ¾” over the abdomen just above the unmilicus on the left side of the abdomen and underlying tissue congested and passing towards liver. Liver: Liver tissue ruptured and congested due to fire injury and liver structure is destroyed. Stomach: Stomach is injured due to bullet wound and semi solid stomach contents come out in abdominal cavity. Intestines normal and distended. Kidneys: Both kidneys are normal in shape and size and cut section tissue congested. Pelvic and genetalia: Pelvic normal no bone injuries, genetalia normal in shape and size. Urinary bladder is normal and empty. He opined that the cause of death was due to shock and haemorrhage due to injury to vital organs like liver and stomach part of the abdomen and he issued Ex.P-18 post-mortem certificate. 19. P.W.16 conducted post-mortem examination over the dead body of deceased No.3 and he found the following ante- mortem injuries: (1) Entry wound of firearm bullet injury measuring about 1 x 1 cm present below the right nipple, 10 cms below and 7 cms away from midline and the upper part of abdomen which enters into abdomen and cutting muscles entered into the liver through and through right lobe of the liver and enter into the stomach and measuring about 1 cm size through and through and enter into the jejunam of small intestine about 10 cms from deodinum Jejunam junction. The corresponding injuries are surgically closed and also made a cut blood vessels in the corresponding injuries surgically closed. Abraded collar present at the entry wound. (2) Firearm bullet entry wound present above the left leg on the lower part of front of thigh measuring 1 x 1 cm on the left leg. Abraded collar present. After cutting the muscles and blood vessels exited the back of the lower part of the thigh measuring about 2 x 2 cms blood clots present. (3) Surgically sutured wound measuring about 15 x 5 cms present on the front of abdomen vertically placed with 23 intact sutures in front of abdomen mid line on cutting the sutures it is abdominal cavity deep. 20. The above bullet injuries are ante-mortem injuries. He was of the opinion that the cause of death was due to bullet injuries and its complications and he issued Ex.P-19 post-mortem certificate. 21. P.W.16 also conducted post-mortem over the dead body of deceased No.4 and he found the following ante-mortem injuries. (1) Surgical sutured wound with 24 intact sutures present on the right of the head, extending the right eyebrow frontal area parietal area and back of right ear over the scalp. On cutting sutures, it is bone deep. Defused sub-scapular contusion present over the front of parietal occipital area of the scalp. Bone piece of 10 x 7 cms separated over the right side of the skull parietal area surgical burr hole present on the right parietal area of skull. Fissure fracture present over the base of the skull obliquely placed on the right base of the skull posterior and middle cranial fossa. Subdural blood clots present on the right side of the skull, defused subchonoid haemorrhage present. (2) Vertically placed suture wound present on the left side parietal and occipital area 4 cm away from the midline present. On cutting suture, it is scalp deep. (3) Contusion 1 x 1 cm present on the right knee. 22. The above injuries are ante-mortem injuries. He was of the opinion that the cause of the death was due to head injury and its complications and he issued Ex.P-20 post-mortem certificate. 23. Therefore, it is obvious that all the deceased died homicidal death. Deceased 1 to 3 died of injuries caused by the firearm i.e., the country-made gun, whereas deceased No.4 died of incised injury caused on the head with an axe. 24. P.W.13 examined P.W.2 and found the following injuries: 1. Bullet injury on the left knee 2 cms., in diameter singing of skin. 2. Lacerated injury with raged edges on the parietal region on right side 3 x 2 x 2 cms., and the case was referred to the GGH, Guntur for further management and he opined that injury No.1 was simple and caused by a bullet and injury No.2 is simple in nature caused by a blunt object and he issued Ex.P-13 wound certificate. 25. P.W.13 also examined P.W.4 and found the following injuries: 1.Bullet injury 2 cms., in diameter entry wound on the left abdomen 3 cms., lateral to the midline. 26. The case was referred to the GGH, Guntur for further management and he opined basing on the wounds and the treatment particulars that the injury received by P.W.4 is grievous in nature, caused by a bullet and he issued Ex.P-14 wound certificate. 27. P.W.13 also examined P.W.1 and found the following injuries: 1. Contusion of 5 x 4 cms., with laceration of 3 x ½ x ½ cm., on parietal region. 2. Contusion of 4 x 3 cms., on the right forearm on dorsum aspect. 3. Contusion of 3 x 2 cms., on the right back. 28. The case was referred to the GGH, Guntur for further management. He was of the opinion that the above injuries are simple in nature caused by a blunt object and he issued Ex.P-15 wound certificate. He was further of the opinion that injury No.1 might be possible by weapon like M.O.2 wooden butt of the gun. 29. P.W.13 also examined P.W.3 and found the following injuries: 1. Contusion of 4 x 3 cms., with a laceration of 2 x ½ x ½ cm., on the parietal region. 2. Swelling deformity of the right index finger terminal phalanx. 30. The case was referred to the Government General Hospital, Guntur for further management. He was of the opinion that the above injuries are simple in nature, caused by a blunt object and he issued Ex.P-16 wound certificate. He further opined that injury No.1 is suspected as that of a bullet injury and it can be termed as an injury caused by firearm and ammunition. 31. We have heard Sri T. Bali Reddy, learned Senior Counsel appearing for the appellants and the learned Public Prosecutor for the State. 32. The learned Senior Counsel appearing for the appellants would submit that the version of PWs.1 to 4, the injured eyewitnesses to the occurrence consists of material discrepancies and inconsistencies is at variance with the F.I.R. which was registered basing on the statement of PW-1. The material witnesses for the prosecution being closely related to each other and admittedly they are inimical with the appellants, the trial Court ought not to have placed reliance on the testimony of the said witnesses and the conviction and sentence passed by the trial Court against the appellants is liable to be set aside in this appeal. 33. On the other hand, the learned Public Prosecutor would contend that the F.I.R. need not contain all the details, even when there are discrepancies in the evidence of injured eyewitnesses, the appellants can be convicted by invoking Section 149 of IPC and that the conviction and sentence passed by the trial Court has to be confirmed. 34. The evidence of P.W.5 is only to the effect that while he was at his house, he heard some galata and proceeded to the place where the galata was going on. He found deceased 1 to 3 and P.W.4 who were lying on the ground. He also saw accused No.1 with a gun. His evidence further discloses that he brought the injured witnesses in the tractor of P.W.7-Manthri Sreenivasulu to the Government Hospital, Cumbum. 35. P.W.6 deposed that she was present at the time of incident on the previous day where P.W.1 was said to have been attacked by accused No.6 and others. She further deposed that at about 2 p.m., she heard some galata near the house of one Pilli Guravaiah, came out of the house and found the people were running, she proceeded to the place where the galata was going on and saw accused No.1 with a gun, accused 2 to 8 with axes and sticks near the house of the said Pilli Guravaiah. She also deposed that deceased 1 to 3 and P.W.4 were found lying on the ground with injuries and also deceased No.4 and P.Ws.1 to 3 with injuries on their bodies. 36. The evidence of P.W.7 is only to the effect that he was present when P.W.1 was assaulted initially at B.V.Peta by accused 2 and 3. As regards the main incident, his evidence is not much helpful to the prosecution in the sense that some time after he reached his house, he came to know that there was a quarrel in Patha Mallapuram village, he was asked to bring his tractor in order to take the deceased and injured to the Government Hospital, Cumbum. 37. P.W.8 did not support the prosecution case and was declared as hostile. 38. The