-: 1 :- IN THE HIGH COURT OF JUDICATURE AT BOMBAY IN THE HIGH COURT OF JUDICATURE AT BOMBAY IN THE HIGH COURT OF JUDICATURE AT BOMBAY CRIMINAL APPELLATE JURISDICTION CRIMINAL APPELLATE JURISDICTION CRIMINAL APPELLATE JURISDICTION CRIMINAL APPEAL NO. 432 OF 2007 CRIMINAL APPEAL NO. 432 OF 2007 CRIMINAL APPEAL NO. 432 OF 2007 1. Gajanan Shankar Pathkulkar ¦ Age 70 yrs., R/o. Wauji Phata, ¦ Karad, Dist. Satara. ¦ ¦ 2. Anil Gajanan Ambole ¦ .. Appellants. Age 47 yrs. R/o. Warana Nagar, ¦ Kolhapur. ¦ (At present in Central Prison, ¦ Yerowada) ¦ V/s. 1. State of Maharashtra ¦ .. Respondent. (through P.S.O. Taluka Police ¦ Station Solapur, Solapur) ¦ --- Mr.V.V. Purwant for the Appellants. Mr.A.S.Shitole, APP for the Respondent-State. --- CORAM : R. V. MORE, J. CORAM : R. V. MORE, J. CORAM : R. V. MORE, J. DATED : 03RD MARCH, 2009 DATED : 03RD MARCH, 2009 DATED : 03RD MARCH, 2009 ORAL JUDGMENT : ORAL JUDGMENT : ORAL JUDGMENT : 1. The appellants, original accused nos. 1 and 2, came to be convicted for the offence punishable under section 20(II)(b) of the Narcotic Drugs and Psychotropic Substances Act, 1985 (hereinafter, for short referred to as "NDPS Act" ) and sentenced to suffer R.I. for 10 years and to pay fine of Rs.One lac each in default of which, each accused shall suffer R.I. for one year. The prosecution case in brief is as follows : -: 2 :- 2. On 05.09.2004, PW-6 API-Dinesh Manohar Katke, while present in the Solapur Taluka Police Station,Solapur had received information at about 11.45 a.m. that the appellant no. 1 was transporting Ganja from Zairabad, Andra Pradesh by road via Solapur to Karad by Premier Car, NE 118 No.MH-09/S-610. This information was written by him in station diary of police station thereafter he directed police constable Bhandare to bring panchas. Police head constable Shaikh and police constable Golekar were directed to call owners of spring scale for weighing the Ganja. The above information was intimated by API Katke to the S.P. Rural on telephone. S.P.Rural told API Katke that he would send P.I.M.A.Vidhate for the raid. By the time two panchas by name Ankush Sidram Kamble and Abhimanyu Ram Bhagare reached. Appasaheb Birazdar and Ayub Nasim Nadaf, the owners of spring scale and weights, were also reached in police station. API Katke disclosed the information to them. API Katke thereafter telephoned to P.I. Vidhate. P.I. Vidhate directed API Katke to proceed for raid at the spot alongwith said panchas, owners of Weights and Spring Scale and the police squad. PI Vidhate told that he will come directly at the spot of raid. 3. At about 2.45 p.m.the police team alongwith two panchas and the owners of Spring scale and weights -: 3 :- witnessed one white colour car - 118-NE bearing no. MH-09/S-610 coming from Hyderabad to Solapur. Police in the raiding team tried to stop the said car by raising their hands. However, the driver of the car ignored the signal of the police and proceeded further in high speed towards Solapur. The said car was thereafter chased by the police and was stopped at the distance of 200 to 250 meters. The appellant no.2 driver immediately after the stopping of the car, tried to escape, however, he was caught by the police. One aged person was found sitting inside the car and on enquiry, he told his name as Gajanan Patkulkar i.e. the appellant no.1. The driver of the car told his name as Anil Ambule i.e. the appellant no.2. 4. Thereafter, in compliance of the provisions of section 50 of the NDPS Act, a personal search of the appellants was taken but nothing was found in their custody. On inquiry the appellant no.2, the driver of the car told that he brought the car NE-118 bearing no. MH-09/S-610 of one Dhanesh Bhagwan Shete. The search of the car was taken in the presence of the panchas and in that search, the police found two gunny bags on the back seat of the car; one small gunny was near the driver’s seat and two gunny bags in the dicky of that car. In all five gunny bags were taken out of the car and the said bags were weighed and found to contain 98 kgs. ganja. API -: 4 :- Katke collected sample from each gunny bag into two parts. Each part of the sample was containing about 25 gms of ganja. Same was sealed in polythene bag and wrapped in brown paper and thereafter, the seizure panchanama was prepared by PW-7 Vidhate. The raiding party brought the appellants alongwith the seized muddemal, sample packets to the police station. Complaint came to be lodged by PW-2-ASI -Bhagwan Mukinda Survase at the taluka P.S. Solapur. A detailed information of the raid was given to superior officers. 5. On 6.9.2004 the seized and sealed ganja sample packets were sent to the Assitt. C.A. Forensic Sciences Laboratory, Pune with PW-4 police constable Karnalkar. The statement of the witnesses were recorded. After completion of the investigation, charge-sheet was submitted in the court of Special Judge, Solapur. 6. The appellants were charged for an offence punishable under section 20(II)(b) of the NDPS Act, 1985. The particulars of the charge were read over and explained to the accused in vernacular language. The appellants pleaded not guilty and claimed to be tried. The defence of the accused was that they had come for taking darshan of Swami Samarth at Akkalkot. However, the appellants are falsely entangled in this case. -: 5 :- 7. The prosecution in order to establish the guilt of the appellants examined eight witnesses, namely, PW-1 Appasaheb V. Birajdar, owner of police welfare bekary and general stores; PW-2-Bhagwan M. Survase, A.S.I. at Solapur Rural Police Station; PW-3 Abhimanyu R. Bhagare, a panch witness to seizure panchanama; PW-4 Vishal D. Karnalkar, Police Constable at Solapur Talukar Police Station, who carried the samples to the chemical analyser; PW-5 Ankush S. Kamble, second panch witness to the seizure panchanama; PW-6 Dinesh M. Katke, API, who entered the information in station diary; PW-7 Mohan A. Vidhate, P.I. LCB Rural Solapur, who received telephone from API Katke; and PW-8 Tatyasaheb P. Salunke, ASI, incharge of Muddemal Clerk in Solapur Taluka Police Station. The prosecution also relied upon the documentary evidence, namely, entries in the station diary at Exhs. 39,40,41, 42, 43, 44, 45, 46 and 47, the seizure panchanama at Exh.29 and chemical analyser’s report at Exh.48. The learned Sessions Judge after appreciating the evidence led by the prosecution, as stated above, convicted the appellants for the offence for which they were charged. 8. Mr. Purwant, the learned counsel for the appellants submitted that both the panchas have not supported the prosecution case and, therefore, in the absence of any -: 6 :- independent evidence, the prosecution cannot be said to have proved the charges against the appellants. He further submitted that the provisions of subclause 2 of section 42 of the NDPS Act, though mandatory, are not complied with by the prosecution in particular by PW-6, API -Katke. He also submitted that the provisions of section 50 before taking personal search of the accused have also not been complied with by the PW-6 and PW-7 and therefore, the investigation is vitiated. He lastly submitted that there is nothing on record to show that the appellants were in conscious possession of the contraband ganja which came to be seized from Car NE-118,bearing no.MH-09/3-610. 9. Mr. Shitole, the learned APP per contra supported the impugned judgment and order. He submitted that there is sufficient evidence on record to prove and establish the appellants complicity in the offence. He submitted that in every case officers evidence need not be corroborated by the evidence of any independant witness. He submitted that the provisions of section 42 as well as section 50 of the NDPS Act have been with complied by the raiding team. He also submitted that the evidence on record disclosed that the said car belongs to the brother-in-law of the accused no.2 and the appellant no.1 was sitting in the car at the relevant time and, therefore, this is sufficient to prove that the appellants were in -: 7 :- conscious possession of the contraband ganja. 10. Having gone through the evidence on record led by the prosecution alongwith the documentary evidence and having heard the learned counsel for the respective parties, let us consider whether the charges against the appellants are established. 11. PW-6 in his deposition deposed that on 5.9.2004 at about 11.45 a.m. he was present in the Taluka Police Station Solapur and at that time he received the reliable information from informant that appellant no.1 was transporting the ganja by car from Hyderabad to Karad. He entered that information in the police station diary and put his signature against the said entry. Then he directed the police head constable Shaikh and police constable Golekar to bring the weight -scale and measurer. He further deposed that he intimated that information to the Superintendent of Police on telephone, who in response told that he would send PI Vidhate alongwith his order for raid. He further deposed that police constable Bhandare brought two panchas, namely, Abhimanye Bhagare and Ankush Kamble. Owner of weights and springs scale, namely Birazdar and Nadaf also reached by that time in the police station. He disclosed the said information to the above persons. He telephoned PI Vidhate and PI Vidhate told him that he would -: 8 :- proceed at the spot to be raided directly. He has deposed that he parked the police vehicle by the side of tar road of Hyderabad to Solapur, near Bavi Petrol Pump and prepared the trap. He also deposed that within short time one white 118 NE car was seen coming from Hyderabad to Solapur road to which the police gave signal by raising hand so as to stop the car. The driver of the car however, ignored the signal and proceeded further with high speed. The car was chased and stopped at a distance of 250 to 300 meters. The appellant no. 2, driver of the car, immediately after stopping the car, started running, however, he was caught by the police. One person was sitting in the car and on inquiry he disclosed his name, Gajanan Patkulkar i.e. the appellant no.1. The driver of the car disclosed his name as Anil Ambule. The PW-6 further deposed that in compliance with the provisions of section 50, personal search of the appellant was taken but nothing incriminating was found and thereafter, search of the car was taken and he found two gunny bags in the dicky of the car, two gunny bags on the back seat of the car and one gunny bag near the front seat of the car. All the five gunny bags were recovered. Nadaf, the owner of weight and spring scale, weighed the said bags and total weight of the five gunny bags was found to be 98kgs. He also deposed that some ganja was collected from all the five gunny bags and two samples of 25 gms each, weighed by PW- Birazdar, were -: 9 :- prepared. Said two samples were put in plastic polythene bag and the said bag was kept in the Khaki packet, which was sealed with the signature of panch witnesses and PW-7 PI Vidhate. He also deposed that five gunny bags were thereafter stitched and sealed with the signatures of panchas and PI Vidhate. The seizure panchanama at Exh.29 was prepared by the PI Vidhate on the spot and both the panchas as well as PI Vidhate has signed the panchanama. The accused thereafter were brought to the police station where a complaint was lodged by PW-2 ASI Survase. He deposed that on the basis of the complaint crime no. 31/2004 was registered against the appellant under section 20(1)(b) of the NDPS Act. He deposed that the seized muddemal along with the ganja sample was handed over to muddemal clerk. He also deposed that on 6.9.2004, he sent information pertaining to the raid to the superior officer. He prepared a report with requisition letter to the C.A. Office, Pune for analysis of sample. Police constable Karnalkar deposited the samples to the C.A. office,Pune. He identified the appellants before the court. He also identified the sample packets before the court. He also deposed that the chemical analyser’s report at Exh. 48 was received, which disclosed that ganja was detected in the sealed envelope. 12. The evidence of PW-6 API Katke is corroborated by -: 10 :- documentary evidence at Exh. 39 to 47. Exh. 39 is the station diary entry of the information received by the PW-6 about transportation of contraband ganja by the appellant no.1, from Hyderabad to Karad via Solapur. The entry at Exh. 39 was made at 11.45 on 5th of September, 2004. Exh. 40 is the police station diary recording intimation to the Superintendent of Police for sending P.I. with permission for conducting the raid. Exh. 41 is the station diary entry mentioning that police constable Bhandare had brought the panchas at 12.25 p.m.. Exh. 42 is the station diary entry under which it is recorded that police head constable Shaikh and police constable Golekar had brought the scalers alogwith scale. Exh. 43 is the entry relating to the place of raid, information, arrival of panchas and scaler. Exh. 44 is the entry which shows that at about 1.10 p.m. on 5.9.2004, raiding team proceeded towards the raiding place. Exh. 45 is the station diary entry, recording the returning of the reading team along with the panchas and accused in the police station at 5.10 p.m.. Exh. 46 is the station diary entry about registration of crime and Exh. 47 is the letter of Superintendent of Police under which PW-7 P.I.Vidhate was ordered to conduct the raid. 13. Thus the aforesaid documentary evidence supports the evidence of PW-6 Katke. I find above evidence is consistent reliable and truthful. API Katke was -: 11 :- cross-examined by the defence at length. However, defence could not brought anything on record to discard the prosecution case. 14. The evidence of PW-6 is further corroborated by PW-7 P.I. Vidhate. PW-7 Vidhate deposed that while he was on duty on 5.9.2004 at about 12.45 p.m. he received telephone from API Katke, who revealed that one car 118 NE bearing no.MH-09/S-610 was coming from Hyderabad to Solapur, transporting ganja. He testified that the S.P. Rural had given direction to him for conducting the raid and written order to that effect was given to him which is at Exh. 47. He testified that after receipt of the order from S.P.Rural, he directed API Katke about the raid and thereafter he proceeded to Bavi Petrol Pump stationed on Hyderabad Solapur Road. He further testified that after reaching at the spot they led trap on road and after some time they saw one white 118 NE Car was coming. They tried to stop that car but its driver did not stop and thereafter, the car was chased and stopped at a distance of 250 to 300 metres. He also testified that the driver started running, however, he was caught. He testified about the seizure of the contraband ganja from five bags kept in the dicky, back seat and front seat of the said car. He deposed that compliance to the provisions of section 50 of the NDPS Act was made. He also deposed about -: 12 :- taking of two samples, 25gms each and sealing thereof. He testified seizure panchanama Exh. 29 that was drawn in the presence of the two panchas and signed by him and said two panchas. He identified both the accused. PW-7 was cross examined by the defence. However, the prosecution case is not at all shattered. The evidence of PW-7 is cogent, consistent and reliable. 15. The evidence of PW-6 and PW-7 is further corroborated by the PW-1 Birajdar. PW-1 Birajdar is the owner of spring scale. He testified that on 5th of September, 2004, he was called by constable Golekar and accordingly, he reached taluka police station, Solapur. He testified that API Katke told about information. He testified that one person by name Nadaf was preset with the tin spring scale. He also speaks about panchas. He deposed that they went to the spot on the road. He also deposed about actual incident. He testified that five bags of contraband ganja were recovered and two samples were drawn in the presence of the panchas. PW-1 Birajdar is independent witness, whose evidence is corroborative to the evidence of PW-6 and PW-7. 16. The prosecution examined ASI Survase, as prosecution witness PW-2. PW-2 deposed that on 05.09.2004 he was present in taluka police station Solapur. API-Katke -: 13 :- received information at about 11.45 p.m.. He deposed about recording of that information in police station diary and about intimating the same to the S.P.Rural and thereafter, forming the reading team and arranging the trap etc.. PW-2 was the member of the raiding team. He testified about the trap. He also deposed how the car was stopped and ganja was recovered from it and samples were drawn under the panchanama at Exh. 29. He deposed that he after returning the police station alongwith the accused filed complaint on the basis of which PW-6 registered the crime. This evidence of PW-2 appears to be trustworthy, corroborative with the version of PW-6 and PW-7. 17. In order to prove that the two samples which were sent to the Chemical Analyser are the same which were drawn from the contraband seized under the seizure panchanama at Exh. 29, the prosecution examined PW-8 PSI Salunke and PW-4 police constable Karnalkar. PW-8 deposed that he was discharging his duties of Muddemal Clerk in Solapur taluka Police station on 5th of September, 2004. He testified that PW-7 PI Vidhate deposited five gunny bags of ganja, one white car 118 NE bearing no. MH-09/S-610 and two sample packets on that day. He accepted the same and made entries to that effect in muddemal register. He testified that this sample packets containing ganja were sealed. He deposed that on 6th September,2004 out of two sample -: 14 :- packets, he sent one packet to the C.A.office, Pune for analysis alongwith constable Karnalkar. He produced Xerox copy of page no.8 of the muddemal register, which contained entry about receipt of the muddemal articles. He further deposed that on 25th of December,2004 C.A. office at Pune analyzed the said sample and returned back to the police station through the police constable Vankhade. 18. PW-4 police constable Karnalkar deposed that on 6th of September, 2004 under the orders of API Katke he took one sealed packets and requisite letter from muddemal clerk and deposited the said sealed packets in C.A. office at Pune on 7th September, 2004 and C.A. office at Pune gave acknowledgment on the receipt of the requisite requisition. He identified the signature of API Katke and acknowledgment of C.A Office on the requisition letter at Exh.23. 19. The report of the chemical analyser is produced at Exh.48. This report is admissible in evidence in view of the provisions of 293 of the code of criminal procedure. The report shows that the ganja was detected in the sample packet. This report reveals that one seal packet was received on 7.9.2004 alongwith the requisition letter no. 3169 of 2004 dated 6.9.2004 from API Solapur Taluka Police Station. The report further shows that the said envelope was of sealed and after chemical analysis on the same, -: 15 :- ganja was detected in yellowish brown flowering tops mixed with leaves. Thus evidence of PW-8 API Salunke, PW-4 police constable Vishal D. Karnalkar reveals that the sample in respect of which report at Exh. 48 was given was drawn from contraband ganja, which was seized under seizure panchanama at Exh. 29. 20. Now I will deal with the submissions of Mr. Purwant. The first submission is that the prosecution case cannot be accepted in the absence of corroboration from independent witness. He submitted that PW-6,PW-7 and PW-2 being police officers are interested in securing appellants’ conviction. This submission has no merit. The evidence of PW-6, PW-7 and PW-2 is infact corroborated by the evidence of PW-1 Birajdar, who is the owner of Spring scale and who accompanied the raiding party on the spot of raid. I have already discussed the evidence of PW-1. Undoubtedly, the evidence of PW-6, PW-7 and PW-2 have been corroborated by PW-1. Be that as it may, it is now settled legal procedure that if the evidence of officers is genuine, reliable and trustworthy then it can be acted upon and in every case corroboration of independent evidence is not necessary. I am fortified by the judgment of the Apex Court in the case of M. Prabhulal vs. Assistant Director, Directorate of M. Prabhulal vs. Assistant Director, Directorate of M. Prabhulal vs. Assistant Director, Directorate of Revenue Intelligence, reported in (2003) 8 Supreme Court Revenue Intelligence, reported in (2003) 8 Supreme Court Revenue Intelligence, reported in (2003) 8 Supreme Court Cases 449 Cases 449 Cases 449 and in the case of Ravindran Alias John vs. Ravindran Alias John vs. Ravindran Alias John vs. -: 16 :- Superintendent of Customs, reported in (2007) 3 Supreme Superintendent of Customs, reported in (2007) 3 Supreme Superintendent of Customs, reported in (2007) 3 Supreme Court Cases (Cri.) 189. Court Cases (Cri.) 189. Court Cases (Cri.) 189. 21. Second submission of Mr. Purwant is that the mandatory provisions of section 42 (2) and 50 of the NDPS, Act, have not been complied with and therefore, search and seizure is vitiated and benefit of doubt must be given to the accused. I find no merit in this submission also. The search and seizure was effected from the Car viz., 118 NE white car No. MH-09-S-610 on Hydrabad Solapur highway i.e. public place. In this view of the matter, the provisions of section 43 of NDPS Act are applicable and sub-clause (2) of Section 42 of the said Act has no application. Regarding compliance to the mandatory provisions of section 50 is concerned, it is not disputed that contraband ganja was not seized from the persons of appellants accused and infact the same was recovered / seized from the car bearing no. MH-09/S-610 of which the appellant no.2 was the driver. If the contraband was not recovered from the persons of the appellant accused, the provisions of section 50 of the NDPS Act would not come into play. 22. This takes me to consider last submission that the prosecution has failed to prove that the appellants were in conscious possession of the contraband ganja which was seized under the seizure panchanama at Exh. 29. I -: 17 :- find merit in this submission sofar as the case of the appellant no.1 is concerned. The Apex court in Avtar Singh Avtar Singh Avtar Singh and others vs. State of Punjab, reported in 2002 Cri. and others vs. State of Punjab, reported in 2002 Cri. and others vs. State of Punjab, reported in 2002 Cri. L.J. 4330 L.J. 4330 L.J. 4330 and this court in Prema Narayan Prabhu vs. Prema Narayan Prabhu vs. Prema Narayan Prabhu vs. State of Maharashtra , reported in 2008 (1) MLR Cri. 599, State of Maharashtra , reported in 2008 (1) MLR Cri. 599, State of Maharashtra , reported in 2008 (1) MLR Cri. 599, held that the driver of the truck vehicle and other person who was found sitting on the gunny bag which contained contraband ganja need not be attributed with conscious possession of such bags unless there was a proof that the said persons had custody or control over the said bags. This court in Premnarayan case also held that presence of the accused in truck which contained packets of ganja would not clinch the issue of conscious possession. The 118 NE car , which was used