IN THE HIGH COURT OF JUDICATURE AT MADRAS DATED : 17.04.2009 CORAM THE HON'BLE MR. JUSTICE N.PAUL VASANTHAKUMAR AND THE HON'BLE MR. JUSTICE N.KIRUBAKARAN W.A.Nos.921 & 922 of 2002 and M.P.No.3784 of 2002 The Managing Director, Metropolitan Transport Corporation Ltd., Pallavan Salai, Madras-2. ..Appellant in both the appeals vs K.Venugopal ..Respondent in both appeals These Writ Appeals are filed under Clause 15 of Letters patent praying this Court to set aside the impugned common order dated 19.10.2001 passed by the learned Judge in W.P.M.P.No.26247 of 2001 in W.P.Nos.6737 and 6736 of 1991 respectively WPMP.No.26247/2001: Petition praying that in the circumstances stated therein and in the affidavit filed therewith the High Court will be pleased to clarify the order dated 15.02.2001 in WP.No.6736/1991 and WP.No.6737/1991 presented to this Court under Article 226 of the Constitution of India to issue writ of (1) Certiorarifed mandamus calling for the records relating to the Impugned order in Proc.No.24490/PS(A)1/PTC/90 dated 21.08.1990 of th respondent and quash the same and direct the respondent to promote the as Office Manager/Asst.Branch Manager from 21.08.1990 with all the benefits of promotion (WP.No.6736/1991) and (2) Certiorari calling for the records from the respondent relating to the order Proc.No.7464/PS/(E)/PTC/89 dated 07.02.1991 and quash the same (WP.No.6737/1991) For Appellant : Mr.P.Ranganatha Reddy for King & Patridge. For Respondent : Mr. Ajaykhose,V https://hcservices.ecourts.gov.in/hcservices/ JUDGMENT N.KIRUBAKARAN,J. Heard the learned counsel for the parties. 2. These writ appeals have been filed against the common order W.P.M.P.No.26247 of 2001 in W.P.Nos.6736 and 6737 of 1991 which were filed by the respondent herein to clarify the order dated 15.2.2001 made in W.P.Nos.6736 and 6737 of 1991 in which the appellant was directed to consider the writ petitioner's claim for retrospective promotion sympathetically and consistent with the opinion as expressed in the order after hearing all affected parties and setting aside the rejection order passed by the Appellant herein on 11.7.2001 and to pass an order giving retrospective promotion to the respondent forthwith. 3. The case of the respondent herein (hereinafter referred to as (writ petitioner) was that he joined the service of the appellant as Works Clerk on 30.6.1965 and later he was promoted as Steno typist/Junior Assistant in 1969. He was promoted as Assistant during 1973 and again as Superintendent on 01.06.1984. He was working as Superintendent in legal section from 1-6-1984 to 27-9-1989 and was in charge of Motor Accidents Claims O.Ps. While handling the motor accident claims cases, there was an accident in route No.25J Peters road on 12.8.1987 and as a result of the accident, one passenger by name Radhakrishnan suffered 25% disability shortening of his right leg by 1 1/2 inches. The writ petitioner failed to produce a valuable document viz., copy of the statement of claimant Thiru. Radhakrishnan and copy of the accident register before the Court, as they were clinching evidence of proof that the claimant was under the influence of alcohol and that he himself was fully responsible for the accident. As a result a sum of Rs.29,850/- was awarded against the appellant corporation as compensation. The writ petitioner was issued charge memo dated 31.12.1989 for negligence and carelessness in duty on the part of the writ petitioner. 4. The writ petitioner submitted his explanation on 23.2.1990 and enquiry was conducted in that case. During enquiry, the charge was proved. Based on the charges proved, it was provisionally concluded to postpone his annual increment for two years with cumulative effect for the aforesaid misconduct. However on humanitarian grounds, by order dated 07.02.1991, the said punishment was modified as postponement of increment for one year with cumulative effect. The aforesaid order dated 07.02.1991 was challenged in W.P.No.6737 of 1991 by the writ petitioner. 5. During the pendency of the disciplinary proceedings against the writ petitioner, some of the juniors employees were promoted by order dated 21.8.1990 by-passing the writ petitioner as enquiry was pending against him. The writ petitioner was denied promotion on the https://hcservices.ecourts.gov.in/hcservices/ ground that disciplinary proceedings were pending against him. Challenging the said order, W.P.No.6736 of 1991 was filed. 6. Both the writ petitions were heard by the learned single Judge on 15.2.2001 and a common order was passed. The learned Judge disposed of the writ petitions (W.P.No.6737 of 1991) challenging the order of punishment holding that the punishment so imposed cannot be said to be shockingly disproportionate, warranting interference by this Court in exercise of the extra ordinary jurisdiction under Article 226 of the Constitution of India. The learned Judge further held as follows: " on a consideration of materials placed before me, I am not in a position to hold that the proceedings conducted against the petitioner has resulted in violation of any one of the above mentioned settled principles of law. Accordingly, I am inclined to uphold the punishment of withholding of one increment with cumulative effect imposed on the petitioner by respondent. However, this does not mean that the respondent is prevented from having a fresh look of the whole matter and to consider the petitioner's claim for promotion to the post of office Manager with retrospective effect." 7. As far as the other writ petition (W.P.No.6736 of 2001) regarding promotion is concerned, the learned Judge has held as follows: "Considering all the above facts this Court feels that the petitioner has made out a case for retrospective promotion and deserves sympathetic consideration at the hands of the respondent for promotion. Accordingly, I direct the respondent to consider the petitioner's claim for retrospective promotion sympathetically and consistent with this opinion, after hearing all affected parties. Provided a representation in that behalf is preferred by the petitioner within two months from today. The orders on the representations shall be passed within three months from the date of receipt of the said representation." Thus, both the writ petitions were disposed of. 8. Pursuant to the orders passed by the learned single Judge, the writ petitioner gave a representation on 13.4.2001 claiming retrospective promotion and consequential benefits there on based on the order of the learned single Judge and the appellant herein passed an order dated 11.7.2001 rejecting the writ petitioner's claim for retrospective promotion and other benefits. Thus, the appellant has passed an order in compliance with the learned single Judge's order. https://hcservices.ecourts.gov.in/hcservices/ 9. Subsequently, the writ petitioner filed a contempt petition No.567 of 2001 and the learned single Judge disposed of the contempt petition with liberty to file an appropriate application. Accordingly, the writ petitioner filed W.P.M.P.No.26247 of 2001 to clarify the order dated 15.2.2001 in W.P.Nos.6736 and 6737 of 1991 particularly as to the promotion of the writ petitioner. The learned single Judge heard the matter and passed the common order on 19.10.2001. The learned Judge in paragraph 3 of the order directed the appellant herein as follows : " In view of the observations contained in paragraph 5 of the order directing the respondent to consider the petitioner's claim for retrospective promotion sympathetically and consistent with the opinion as expressed in the order (dated 15.2.2001) after hearing all affected parties, the aforesaid order of the respondent, rejecting the petitioner's claim for retrospective promotion, cannot be legally sustained. Accordingly, I direct the respondent to pass an order giving retrospective promotion to the petitioner forthwith, at any rate, not later than one month from today." 10. Aggrieved by the clarification order passed in W.P.M.P.No.26247 of 2001 dated 19.10.2001, the appellant preferred the above appeal contending that, a) the clarification order is diametrically opposite to the dismissal order passed by the learned single Judge on 15.2.2001. b) The writ petitioner failed to implead the promotees as party to the writ petition and as a result the promotees' rights were affected and it is contrary to the principles of natural justice. c) The prayer for quashing the impugned order of punishment and promotion order were unambiguously upheld by the learned single Judge in the final order dated 15.2.2001. However, the final orders were reversed by the clarification order dated 10.10.2001. d) There was no positive direction to the appellant to grant promotion retrospectively. e) The writ petitioners filed the contempt application alleging that the appellant violated the the common order dated 15.2.2001 and the same was not accepted by the learned single Judge. f) The Judgment cannot be reviewed unless the error is apparent on the face of the record or the order was obtained by fraud or deceit. https://hcservices.ecourts.gov.in/hcservices/ g) If the retrospective promotion to the writ petitioner is granted that will upset the seniority list and will cause serious Administrative disturbances apart from affecting others who are not parties to the writ petition. 11. On the other hand, the counsel for writ petitioner contended that the impugned order is only clarificatory in nature and is in consonance with the main order; A mandamus has been issued to promote the writ petitioner setting aside the order of rejection dated 11.7.2001 passed by the Appellant; without filing appeal against main order dated 15.2.2001 passed in main writ petitioner, the appeal is not maintainable against the clarification order. 12. It is an admitted fact that W.P.No.6736 of 1991 filed for writ of certiorarified mandamus to quash the order dated 21.1.1980 and direct the appellant to promote the writ petitioner as Office Manager/Assistant Branch Manager from 21.8.1990 with all the benefits of promotion was disposed by learned Judge with a direction to consider the petitioner's claim for retrospective promotion sympathetically and consistent with the opinion after hearing all the affected parties. As far as the second writ petition W.P.No.6737 of 1991 is concerned, which was filed to quash the punishment order dated 07.02.1991 was dismissed in unequivocal terms as follows: "Accordingly, I am inclined to uphold the punishment of withholding of one increment with cumulative effect imposed on the petitioner by respondent." 13. The common orders passed by the learned single Judge on 15.2.2001 are final orders which are self explanatory in nature and they did not warrant any subsequent clarification. By virtue of clarification order, the learned single Judge has completely reversed the final orders passed on 15.2.2001 by giving a direction to the respondent to consider the writ petitioner's claim for retrospective promotion and set aside the order dated 11.7.2001 passed by the appellant. The appellant's order dated 11.7.2001 was quashed without a petition for review by the writ petitioner. More over the order dated 11.7.2001 is a separate cause of action and that should be challenged by the writ petitioner in a separate writ proceedings and the same cannot be set aside. While complying with the order if new cause of action arises, then the party has to get redressal in appropriate forum. The above said proposition of law was held by the Hon'ble Supreme Court in J.S. Parihar Vs. Ganpat Duggar and others reported in AIR 1997 SC 113 and State of Haryana and others Vs. M.P.Mohla reported in (2007) 1 SCC 457. 14. The clarification order cannot be used to set aside an order which was passed in compliance of the direction given by the learned single Judge on 15.2.2001. https://hcservices.ecourts.gov.in/hcservices/ According to The American Heritage Dictionary of the English Language, "clarify" means, "To clear of confusion or uncertainty; clarify the mind." As per, "Webster's Encyclopedia unabridged Dictionary of the English Language", "CLARIFY" means, " To make (an idea, statement etc) clear or intelligible; to free from ambiguity; to fee from confusion". According to "OXFORD ENGLISH DICTIONARY" clarify means, " make more comprehensible". Only when there is a confusion or ambiguity clarification is needed. This is similar to the re-examination of witnesses during trial. When there is a ambiguity or confusion in the evidence of witness after the cross examination, re-examination of the witness is being sought to clarify the doubt. In the re-examination, the witness is not allowed to go beyond clarification as is not allowed to add any thing new, as the purpose is limited and restricted one. Similar is the case of clarification. Clarification is only intended to clear the ambiguity if any or to make the point very clear. No doubt, Court has got ample power to correct/modify or amend the order depending upon the facts and the order already passed. However, only in rare cases, the Court can materially modify the earlier to render justice. However, in this case, in the name of clarification, an order which was passed in compliance with the Court order was set aside and the same cannot be sustained. 15. With regard to filing of petition for clarification and direction in the main case which was finally disposed of, the Hon'ble Supreme Court in the case of Narpat Singh Vs. Rajasthan Financial Corporation reported in 2008 (1) CTC 73 has held as follows, " Ordinarily no Interlocutory Application lies after case is finally disposed of. Ordinarily an Interlocutory Application is maintainable only in a pending case. Once case is finally disposed of the Court becomes functus Officio and thereafter Interlocutory Application lies ordinarily only for correcting clerical or accidental mistakes." When that is the settled principle of law, the clarification order dated 19.10.2001 cannot be sustained. Moreover the clarification order which is impugned in the appeal is not an order to correct clerical or accidental mistakes whereas it goes to the root of the matter and thereby the earlier final order has been completely https://hcservices.ecourts.gov.in/hcservices/ revised in the clarification order, without even a review petition by the writ petitioner. 16. In another case viz.,State of Haryana and others Vs. Babu singh reported in AIR 2009 Supreme Court 472, the Supreme Court following its earlier Judgment in State of Uttar Pradesh V. BrahmDutt Sharma & Anr. reported in AIR 1987 SC 943 has held that when proceedings under 226 of Constitution of India has been terminated by final disposal of the writ petition, it is not open to the Court to re-open the proceedings by means of miscellaneous application. Paragraph 10 of the above Judgment is as follows: "The High Court's order is not sustainable for yet another reason. Respondents' writ petition challenging the order of dismissal had been finally disposed of on August 10, 1984, thereafter nothing remained pending before the High Court. No miscellaneous application could be filed in the writ petition to revive proceedings in respect of subsequent events after two years. If the respondent was aggrieved by the notice dated January 29, 1986 he could have filed a separate petition under Article 226 of the Constitution challenging the validity of the notice as it provided as separate cause of action to him. The respondent was not entitled to assail validity of the notice before the High Court by means of a miscellaneous application in the writ petition which had already been decided. The High Court had no jurisdiction to entertain the application as no proceedings were pending before it. The High Court committed error in entertaining the respondent's application which was founded on a separate cause of action. When proceedings stand terminated by final disposal of writ petition it is not open to the Court to reopen the proceedings by means of a miscellaneous application in respect of a matter which provided a fresh cause of action. If this principle is not followed there would be confusion and chaos and the finality of proceedings would cease to have any meaning" In view of the law laid by Hon'ble Supreme Court, the order passed in clarification petition No.W.P.M.P.No.26247 of 2001 dated 19.10.2001 cannot be sustained. 17. It is very clear that the order dated 19.10.2001 does not suffer from any defect warranting any clarification. Assuming for a moment that the petition filed is only to review the earlier order, the review can be resorted only in the exceptional cases as enumerated in order XLVII of the CPC. It has been held by the Supreme Court in State of Haryana and others Vs.M.P.Mohla reported in (2007) 1 SCC 457, " an application for clarification cannot be taken recourse to achieve the result of a review application; what cannot be done directly cannot be done indirectly". In the guise of clarification petition, the writ petitioner cannot resort to review https://hcservices.ecourts.gov.in/hcservices/ the earlier. The Court cannot review the subsequent cause of action, as the Court becomes functus officio after the passing of final order in the proceedings. 18. Mr.P.Ranganath Reddy, counsel for appellant relied upon the Special Rules of Appellant Corporatiion, the term Promotion which is defined as follows: "Promotion: All promotion shall be made on grounds of merit, ability, seniority and regularity in attendance. No person shall be eligible for promotion unless he has completed the prescribed period of probation." 19. The post of Manager is a selection post where merit and seniority could be considered for promotion. At the time of considering for promotion to the post of Office Manager, the disciplinary proceedings were pending against Mr.K.Venugopal (the writ petitioner). Hence, he could not be promoted as Office Manager with effect from 01.09.1990. More over the rights have been accrued to the promoted candidates by virtue of the promotion and the seniority and the position were settled by passage of more than 10 years. It was further contended by relying on appellants order dated 11.7.2001 that by making retrospective promotion of the writ petitioner, three other candidates who were seniors to the writ petitioner should be made as juniors and it would cause administrative difficulties. 20. Learned counsel for the appellant quoted a citation reported in 1997 (4) SCC 424 (STATE OF BIHAR AND OTHERS VS. BATESHWAR SHARMA) in which it has been held by the Hon'ble Apex Court that, once the departmental promotion committee duly constituted by the Government and found that the respondent was unfit for promotion upto the date, the only course that requires to be adopted by the High Court was to remit the matter to the Government for constitution of the DPC to consider the respondent's fitness for promotion in the later period. In that event, the DPC would go into the merits afresh and find out whether the respondent could be fit for promotion. If the DPC recommends him fit for promotion, the Government would appoint him on regular basis and he would get seniority only from the date of his promotion and not from the earlier date when he was working on adhoc basis. When taken into consideration, the above Supreme Court Judgment, the direction given in the clarification petition that giving retrospective promotion to the writ petitioner forthwith is palpably wrong. 21. The other contention of the appellant that the promotees by virtue of order dated 21.8.1990 were not added as parties to the writ petition. By order dated 21.8.1990 which was impugned in W.P.No.6736 of 1991, about 8 employees were promoted and they were all not made as parties to the said writ petition. Any order with regard to the https://hcservices.ecourts.gov.in/hcservices/ order dated 21.8.1990 definitely would affect the promotees and they are necessary parties in the writ petition. 22. The rights of other officers, who are not parties before the Court cannot be infringed and any order passed behind their back would violate the principles of natural justice. The elementary principle of natural justice is that a party should be heard, before passing any order which would affect them. Further the other officers were promoted as early as in 1990 and further promotion was also given. Hence, the contention of the counsel for the appellant that in the absence of necessary parties in the writ petition, the writ petition has to be dismissed, has to be accepted. 23. For the reasons stated above, the clarification order dated 19.10.2001 passed in W.P.M.P.No.26247 of 2001 in W.P.No.6736 and 6737 of 1991 is set aside and the writ appeals are allowed. However, there will be no order as to costs. sd/- Asst.Registrar /true copy/ Sub Asst.Registrar kua To The Managing Director, Metropolitan Transport Corporation Ltd., Pallavan Salai, Madras-2. + 1 c.c. to M/s. King & Partridge, Advocate. S.R.No.15228. + 1 c.c. to Mr. V. Ajay Khose, Advocate. S.R.No.15182. Judgment in W.A.Nos.921 & 922 of 2002 NTK (CO) GSK 22.04.2009. https://hcservices.ecourts.gov.in/hcservices/