IN THE HIGH COURT OF JUDICATURE, ANDHRA PRADESH AT HYDERABAD MONDAY, THE TWENTY FIRST DAY OF NOVEMBER TWO THOUSAND AND ELEVEN Present HON’BLE SRI JUSTICE G. BHAVANI PRASAD CRIMINAL APPEAL No.793 of 2008 Between: The State of A.P. .. Appellant AND Ishad Khan & 4 others .. Respondents The Court made the following: HON’BLE SRI JUSTICE G. BHAVANI PRASAD CRIMINAL APPEAL No.793 of 2008 JUDGMENT: The criminal appeal is directed against the judgment in S.C.No.23 of 2006, on the ﬁle of the II Additional Sessions Judge (Fast Track Court), Adilabad, dated 15.11.2006, by which the accused 1 to 5 were acquitted of an oﬀence punishable under Section 304B of the Indian Penal Code, 1860 (for short, “IPC”). 2. The Sub-Divisional Police Oﬃcer, Adilabad, ﬁled a charge sheet against the accused 1 to 5 in Crime No.154 of 2004 of Adilabad II Town Police Station alleging that Kaisar Sulthana alias Kaisar Banu was married to the ﬁrst accused as per custom at which time, dowry of Rs.50,000/- and gold and silver ornaments and utensils worth Rs.1,50,000/- were presented. Kaisar Banu and the ﬁrst accused were stated to have lived happily for three months and thereafter, the accused were alleged to have started harassing and ill-treating Kaisar Banu, both physically and mentally, to bring additional dowry. Shaik Shabuddin and Akthar Begum, parents of Kaisar Banu, were stated to have paid Rs.20,000/- three months prior to the death of Kaisar Banu and the accused were claimed to have still harassed Kaisar Banu resulting in her information to her parents and other family members about the same. On 26.10.2004 at about 2.30 p.m., Kaisar Banu was claimed to have poured kerosene on herself and set ﬁre resulting in her death, unable to bear the physical and mental harassment for additional dowry within seven years of her marriage and, hence, this charge. 3. The Judicial Magistrate of First Class, Adilabad, had taken cognizance of the oﬀence and after furnishing copies of the documents to the accused, committed the case to the Court of Session. The Court of Session made over the case to the trial Court wherein for a charge under Section 304B IPC, the accused pleaded not guilty. The prosecution had examined P.Ws.1 to 15 and marked Exs.P-1 to P-32 and M.Os.1 and 2 during trial. The accused denied the incriminating circumstances appearing in the evidence against them when they were examined under Section 313 of the Code of Criminal Procedure, 1973 (for short, “Cr.P.C”) and they did not produce any defence evidence. 4. The trial Court rendered the impugned judgment noting that the marriage between Kaisar Sulthana alias Kaisar Banu and the ﬁrst accused on 13.11.2003 and the death of Kaisar Sulthana on 26.10.2004 at about 3.30 p.m. with burn injuries are admitted. Though P.Ws.1 and 2 attempted to claim that the accused must have poured kerosene and set ﬁre to Kaisar Banu, the report given by P.W.1 in Ex.P-1 stating about Kaisar Banu committing suicide by pouring kerosene and setting ﬁre to herself was taken into account to discredit the claims of P.Ws.1 and 2 in this regard. The trial Court then proceeded to consider Section 304B IPC and the evidence of P.Ws.1 and 2 about the payment of dowry at the time of the marriage corroborated by P.Ws.3 and 4 and P.W.9. While payment of dowry by P.Ws.1 and 2 at the time of the marriage of Kaisar Banu was not ruled out, the trial Court found that the evidence of no witness stated about the accused demanding P.Ws.1 and 2 to pay the dowry. The amount, if any paid, was, therefore, concluded to be due to agreement between the parties. The trial Court further noted that except P.W.1 and P.W.2, no other witness has supported the alleged demands by the accused for additional dowry and the trial Court referred to the evidence of the independent witnesses to that eﬀect. The trial Court also did not accept the contention of P.Ws.1 and 2 about payment of Rs.20,000/- as additional dowry due to the inconsistent versions of P.Ws.1 and 2 themselves in that regard and even Ex.P-1-Report did not reveal the payment of any additional dowry which was prior to the death of the victim. The evidence of the Investigating Oﬃcer that P.W.1 did not state about these things was also taken into account and the allegation about the payment of additional dowry of Rs.20,000/- was, therefore, considered to be a belated development. The trial Court also noted that though Kaisar Banu died with burn injuries, the evidence of P.Ws.1 and 2 only showed that they found Kaisar Sulthana being found dead with burn injuries and as there was no direct witness who had got any knowledge as to how the victim died, it must be accepted that she committed suicide by pouring kerosene and setting ﬁre to herself. Any abetment to commit suicide or creation of any circumstances under which the deceased was forced to commit suicide were considered to have not been established by the evidence on record and in view of the Investigating Oﬃcer not examining any neighbouring witnesses, any marital disputes between the deceased and the ﬁrst accused were also not believed. The harassment or cruelty by the accused were considered improbable due to the absence of any report by P.Ws.1 and 2 earlier to the police or to any elders and the absence of any Panchayat before the caste elders at any time. Under the circumstances, the trial Court felt that the guilt of the accused was not proved beyond reasonable doubt and acquitted them. 5. The State appealed through the learned Public Prosecutor against the said judgment contending that the necessary ingredients to constitute an offence under Section 304B IPC were made out from the evidence of P.Ws.1 and 2 and that as the deceased committed suicide within one year after the marriage with the ﬁrst accused, the trial Court ought to have convicted the accused. 6. Heard Sri Rudresh Deshpande, learned counsel representing the learned Public Prosecutor/the appellant and Sri L. Sridhar, learned counsel representing Sri V. Ravi Kiran Rao, learned counsel for respondents 1 to 5. 7. The point for consideration is whether there are good grounds for interference with the judgment of acquittal by the trial Court in respect of the accused 1 to 5. 8. Even the prosecution story is about the deceased Kaisar Sulthana alias Kaisar Banu pouring kerosene and setting ﬁre to herself leading to her death and the investigation obviously could not indicate even the possibility of the death of Kaisar Banu being anything else than due to suicide. It is, however, true that the death of Kaisar Banu within one year after her marriage due to burns could have been considered to be a dowry death within the meaning of Section 304B IPC when it was not under normal circumstances within seven years of her marriage. But the provision also requires proof of the deceased being subjected to cruelty or harassment by her husband or any relative of her husband soon before her death for or in connection with any demand for dowry. It is also true that under Section 113B of the Evidence Act, 1872, there is a statutory presumption to be drawn in cases of dowry death of women, but the provision says that only where it is shown that soon before the death of a woman, the woman has been subjected, by the person who was alleged to have committed the dowry death, to cruelty or harassment for or in connection with any demand for dowry, the statutory presumption that such person caused the dowry death arises. Therefore, in any event, proof of the accused subjecting the victim to cruelty or harassment for or in connection with any demand for dowry is a prerequisite for proof of an oﬀence under Section 304B IPC. 9. In the present case, as rightly analysed by the trial Court, the allegation of the Investigating Agency or the evidence of the witnesses before the Court about the payment of dowry at the time of the marriage between Kaisar Sulthana and the ﬁrst accused in 2003 was as though the payment of dowry was on agreement between the parties but not on the demand by any accused to pay any cash or to give any articles or to otherwise give any other property as consideration for the marriage. While Kaisar Banu was alleged to have committed suicide and an attempt was made to attribute the suicide to physical and mental harassment arising out of demands for additional dowry, no independent witness had supported the story of the prosecution. When P.W.3 stated that subsequent to the marriage, P.Ws.1 and 2 informed P.W.3 about the demand for additional dowry and the consequential harassment, it was more in the nature of hearsay evidence and P.W.9 stated that nobody informed him about any harassment by the accused. P.W.9 denied the suggestion that the deceased was coming to him and informed him about any harassment. The evidence of P.W.12 positively stated about the deceased Kaisar Banu telling P.W.12 that she was living with the ﬁrst accused happily and when P.Ws.1 and 2 claimed about payment of Rs.20,000/- as additional dowry, they were contradicting each other about how the amount was secured with P.W.1 saying that the amount was borrowed, while P.W.2 stated that the amount was with them. The alleged incident during which the accused or more particularly, the ﬁrst accused went to the house of P.Ws.1 and 2 to demand additional dowry was not witnessed by any independent person. The alleged payment of Rs.20,000/- was not corroborated by any documentary evidence indicating P.Ws.1 and 2 to be having such amount or to have paid it to the accused at about the alleged time. The claim that the ﬁrst accused came some days before the death of Kaisar Banu to demand additional dowry, in any view cannot implicate the other accused in the alleged demand for additional dowry in the total absence of any evidence and the evidence of P.Ws.1 and 2 should also be noted to be tainted with interestedness which can be accepted not at its face value but only on satisfactory probablisation from independent evidence. Under the said circumstances, the conclusion of the trail Court that the evidence had not proved beyond reasonable doubt the guilt of any accused cannot be considered to be unreasonable or improper or to be against the broad human probabilities arising out of the evidence on record. Any strong suspicion, arising out of the manner in which Kaisar Banu died, against the accused cannot be equated to legal proof of their guilt for the alleged oﬀence. Where two views are possible on the probabilities arising out of such evidence and when the view taken by the trial Court cannot be considered to be divorced from reasonableness, the Appellate Court cannot adopt a diﬀerent view to convert an acquittal into a conviction. Under the circumstances, the appeal has to fail. 10. Accordingly, the Criminal Appeal is dismissed. ___________________ G. BHAVANI PRASAD, J Date: 21st November, 2011 KL HON’BLE SRI JUSTICE G. BHAVANI PRASAD CRIMINAL APPEAL No.793 of 2008 Date: 21st November, 2011 KL