fa1554.04 1 IN THE HIGH COURT OF JUDICATURE AT BOMBAY, BENCH AT AURANGABAD FIRST APPEAL NO. 1554 OF 2004 Vaishali d/o Baburao Shinde age 25 years, occ. nil r/o SRPF Camp, T-34 Jalna. .. APPELLANT VERSUS Union of India Through General Manager Central Railway Mumbai .. RESPONDENT Mr. P.S. Agrawal, advocate for the appellant. Mr. Manish Navandar, advocate for respondent. ===== CORAM : R.M. BORDE, J. DATE : 14 th JUNE, 2011 ORAL JUDGMENT : 1 Appellant / injured claimant is raising exception to the judgment and award passed by the Railway Claims Tribunal, Mumbai in OA No. 9900105 thereby rejecting the claim of the appellant. 2 Appellant (hereinafter referred to as the ‘claimant’) is a national champion of sports. On 16-5-1999, claimant alongwith her brother boarded fa1554.04 2 Kakinada express for undertaking journey from Jalna to Lasur. It is contended by the claimant in her application that there was a heavy rush of passengers boarding Kakinada express. After boarding the train, she came to know that it is an express train and does not have scheduled stop at Lasur Station. It is further stated in the claim application that while the train reached Lasur Station, as a result of heavy rush of passengers travelling in the train, she and her brother were pushed to the door of the train. It is stated by her that while the train entered Lasur railway station, due to sudden jerk, she was suddenly thrown out of the train. There was difference in level of the platform and the stair attached to the coach. The gap was near about 3 to 4 ft. between the platform and the stair. As a result of accidental falling from the train, the claimant was trapped between the stair and gap in between the passing railway and the platform. As a result of accident, left leg of the claimant was cut on the spot and the right leg suffered severe cutting injury and the said leg was also required to be amputed during the operation which was performed in the Government Medical College & Hospital, Aurangabad. The claimant was aged about 21 years at the relevant time. She was a national champion of hockey, cricket and basket ball and took participation in other games on inter college and inter university level. As a result of injury i.e. amputation of both legs, claimant was deprived of most of fa1554.04 3 the pleasures in life. Claimant as such claims compensation amounting to Rs. 4,00,000/-. 3 Claim petition presented by the claimant was opposed by the respondent by filing written statement. According to the railway department, the claimant was not a bonafide passenger, and hat she suffered injuries due to her own negligence while attempting to get down from the running train at Lasur Station. It is the contention of the respondent that the accident in question is attributable to the fault of the claimant and as such the case does not come within the ambit of section 123(c) of the Railways Act and the petition deserves to be rejected. 4 The tribunal after receiving the evidence adduced by the claimant recorded finding that the claimant was a bonafide passenger, however, she failed to establish that the injuries sustained by her were not as a result of untoward incident as defined in section 123(c) of the Railways Act and that she has suffered injuries for the reasons attributable to her own negligence. The tribunal, thus proceeded to reject the claim petition in view of order passed on 16-9-2003. fa1554.04 4 5 I have heard arguments advanced by Mr. Agrawal, learned counsel for the appellant and Mr. Navandar, learned counsel for the respondent. It is contended by learned counsel for the appellant that the tribunal has not appreciated the evidence adduced by claimants, in its proper perspective and has placed heavy reliance on the singular statement appearing in the cross examination of the claimant which is clearly out of context and cannot be construed as an admission of the fault attributable to the claimant. It is contended by learned counsel for the appellant that the statement appearing in the cross examination of the claimant cannot be construed as an admission within meaning of section 17 of the Indian Evidence Act and the railway tribunal has fallen in error in rejecting the claim petition presented by the claimant. It is also contended that the tribunal has not considered the evidence of the brother of the claimant who was also a co-passenger travelling with her, which clearly supports case of the claimant. It is also contention of the appellant that the tribunal has mis-construed the provisions of section 123(c)(2) r/w section 124(a) of the Railway Act, 1989. It is urged that the claimant shall be held entitled to receive compensation amount alongwith interest from the date of presentation of the claim petition. Learned counsel for respondent supported the view taken by the tribunal and prayed for dismissal of the appeal. fa1554.04 5 6 I have perused the evidence placed on record by the parties with the assistance of the learned counsel appearing in the matter. Claimant Vaishali has filed her affidavit wherein she has stated that on 16-5-1999 she alongwith her younger brother by name Mahesh purchased tickets for rail journey from Jalna to Lasur Station. On 16-5-1999 when they reached railway station, they got information that the passenger train which they wanted to board for reaching to Lasur Station was late by about 3 to 4 hours. After some time, Kakinada express reached Jalna railway station and claimant and her younger brother boarded the train. They got information from the co-passengers travelling in train that the train is Kakinada express and it does not have a scheduled stop at Lasur Station. When the train was about to enter Lasur Station, due to sudden jerk, the claimant accidentally fell down from the running train and was trapped between the space occupied by the platform and the running train. As a result of accidental falling of the claimant from the running train, her left leg was cut off and her right leg also suffered severe cutting injury. She fell unconscious on the spot and was thereafter taken to Medical College & Hospital, Aurangabad. The doctors at Medical College & Hospital, Aurangabad were required to amput her left leg during the operation performed after the accident, to save her life. Thus, fa1554.04 6 the claimant has lost both of her legs as a result of accident. Claimant states in her affidavit that she is a national champion of hockey, cricket, basket ball and also proficient in other games. She has participated in various inter college and inter university sports tournaments and received many awards in recognition of her skill. 7 During her cross examination before trial court, one suggestion was put to her by respondent and in answer she has stated : . It is not true to suggest that I was not alighting from Kakinada express at Lasur railway station. . The meaning attributal to denial recorded during cross examination of the witness is drawn by court to the effect that the claimant at the relevant time was attempting to alight from Kakinada express at Lasur railway station. On perusal of the claim petition as well as affidavit tendered by the claimant before the tribunal, she has nowhere stated that there was any attempt on her part to alight from running train at Lasur railway station. The answer given to the suggestion during cross examination which in itself is quite vague is construed for deriving an inference as regards her admission of attempting to alight from Kakinada express at Lasur railway station. The statement appearing in the cross examination which is in answer to the vague fa1554.04 7 suggestion put by the defence is out of context and is not in consonance with the case put up by the claimant in her affidavit in the form of examination in chief or the narration of accident in her application tendered to the tribunal. Brother of the claimant, Mahesh, who was co- passenger alongwith his sister has presented affidavit in the form of examination in chief. The case put up by claimant is fully supported by Mahesh. He has specifically stated in his cross examination before court as below : . I say that when the train reached Lasur it was in slow motion and we came close to the door when there was sudden jerk and as a result my sister fell down from the train. The train haulted immediately after five seconds and by that time my sister was entrapped in the gap between the platform as a result her one leg was cut off whereas she suffered injuries on the other leg which was amputed later on. . He has also denied suggestion that there was no jerk received to the train while it was entering Lasur railway station. Evidence of Mahesh, more particularly, his statement in cross examination is not at all considered by the tribunal. The case put up by the claimant is consistent and she has stated before court in clear terms that while the train reached Lasur station,it experienced a sudden jerk and as a result thereof she fell down. The brother of the claimant has deposed before the court that the train haulted fa1554.04 8 immediately after five seconds at Lasur station. If there was no scheduled stop at Lasur station, there was no reason as to why the train stopped at Lasur station. It is not denied by claimant that she alongwith her brother proceeded towards the door nor she has withheld the information that she intended to proceed to the door for immediately alighting at the platform of Lasur station. If statement of Manoj is perused, it does transpire that the train infact stopped at Lasur Station. Merely because the claimant has stated true facts her claim to receive compensation cannot be turned down. It cannot be lost sight of that while the train reached Lasur station it experienced a sudden jerk as a result thereof the claimant who was standing at the door was thrown out and sustained injuries. It is not the case put up by claimant that she made any attempt to alight from the running train. The tribunal has clearly mis-appreciated the evidence placed on record by the claimant and has failed to consider the evidence of brother of the claimant who was a co-passenger travelling alongwith the claimant. So called admission appearing in the cross examination of the witness on which heavy reliance is placed for denying the claim of the claimant by the tribunal cannot be construed as admission, within meaning of section 17 of the Evidence Act. In this context reliance can be placed on judgment in the fa1554.04 9 matter of Chikkam Koteswara Rao vs. Chikkam Subbarao and others reported in AIR 1971 Supreme Court 1542. It is observed by the Apex court thus : . Before right of party can be considered to have been defeated on the basis of an alleged admission by him the implication of the statement made by him must be clear and conclusive. There should be no doubt or ambiguity about the alleged admission. . In the instant case, suggestion put to the witness does appear to be ambiguous and from the answer recorded to the suggestion it does appear that the answer is also quite ambiguous and is not capable of carrying the meaning as has been interpreted by the tribunal. So called admission appearing in the cross examination, therefore, cannot be taken as aid to defeat the claim raised by the claimant. 8 It is contended by learned counsel for the respondent that the injuries sustained by the claimant during the accident shall have to be construed as self-inflicted injuries within meaning of section 124(a) of the Act and as such she is not entitled to receive compensation. This argument is being quoted merely with a view to reject the same. Section 123(c) defines untoward incident thus : fa1554.04 10 “Untoward incident” means - (1) (i) the commission of a terrorist act within the meaning of sub-section (1) of section 3 of the Terrorist and Disruptive Activities ( Prevention ) Act, 1987 (28 of 1987), or (ii) the making of a violent attack or the commission of robbery or dacoity; or (iii) the indulging in rioting, shoot-out or arson, by any person in or on any train carrying passengers, or in a waiting hall, cloak room or reservation or booking office or on any platform or in any other place within the precincts of a railway station; or (2) the accidental falling of any passenger from a train carrying passengers. . Accidental falling of passenger from a train comes within ambit of definition of untoward incident. Section 124(a) of the Act provides for payment of compensation in respect of occurrence of death or causing injury to a passenger as a result of untoward incident. The facts brought on record by the claimant unequivocally go to prove that the claimant fell down accidentally from a running train which has resulted in causing injuries to her person. Thus, the case put up by the claimant comes within the ambit of section 123(c) of the act and as such she is entitled to receive compensation as contemplated by section 124(a) of the Railways Act. The injuries sustained by the claimant by any stretch of imagination cannot be fa1554.04 11 construed as self-inflicted injuries. 9 Learned counsel for the appellant has invited my attention to a judgment in the matter of Union of India vs. Prabhakaran Vijaya Kumar and others reported in 2009(1) Mh.L.J. 27. Relevant observations of the Apex Court are quoted as below :- 10 We are of the opinion that it will not legally make any difference whether the deceased was actually inside the train when she fell down or whether she was only trying to get into the train when she fell down. In our opinion in either case it amounts to an ‘accidental falling of a passenger from a train carrying passengers’. Hence it is an untoward incident’ as defined in section 123(c) of the Railways Act. 11 No doubt, it is possible that two interpretations can be given to the expression ‘accidental falling of a passenger from a train carrying passengers’, the first being that it only applies when a person has actually got inside the train and thereafter falls down from the train, while the second being that it includes a situation where a person is trying to board the train and falls down while trying to do so. Since the provision for compensation in the Railways Act is a beneficial piece of legislation, in our opinion, it should receive a liberal and wider interpretation and not a narrow and technical one. Hence in our opinion the latter of the abovementioned two interpretations i.e. the one which advances the object of the statute and serves its purpose should be preferred vide Kunal Singh vs. Union of India, (2003) 4 SCC 524 (para 9), B.D. Shetty vs. CEAT Ltd., (2002) 1 SCC 193 (para 12), Transport Corporation of India vs. ESI Corporation (2000) 1 SCC 332 etc. fa1554.04 12 12 It is well settled that if the words used in a beneficial or welfare statute are capable of two constructions, the one which is more in consonance with the object of the Act and for the benefit of the person for whom the Act was made should be preferred. In other words, beneficial or welfare statutes should be given a liberal and not literal or strict interpretation vide Alembic Chemical Works Co. Ltd. vs. The Workmen AIR 1961 SC 647 ( para 7 ), Jeewanlal Ltd. vs. Appellate Authority, AIR 1984 SC 1842 ( para 11 ), Lalappa Lingappa and other vs. Laxmi Vishnu Textile Mills Ltd. AIR 1981 SC 852 ( para 13), S.M. Nilajkar vs. Telecom Distt. Manager 2003(3) Mh.L.J. (SC) 9 = (2003) 4 SCC 27 (para 12) etc. . Reliance is also placed on a judgment in the matter of Union of India vs. Gulam Dastgir s/o Abdul Rahman and others reported in 20099(1) Mh.L.J. page 997. Learned Single Judge of this court referring to the view expressed by the Apex Court in the matter of Union of India vs. Prabhakaran Vijaya Kumar & others reported in 2008 ACJ 1895 has observed that it would be wholly irrelevant as to who was at fault if the case comes within the purview of section 124(a) of the Act. It is further observed in the judgment that the provisions for compensation encorporated in the Railways Act is a beneficial piece of legislation, it should receive a liberal and wider interpretation and not a narrow and technical one. The interpretation which advances the object of the statute and serves it purpose should be preferred. fa1554.04 13 10 Considering the evidence placed on record and on consideration of the principles laid down by the Apex Court which have been followed in the judgment delivered by Single Judge of this court, I am of the opinion that the order passed by the Railway claims tribunal needs to be quashed and set aside and the application tendered by the claimant needs to be allowed. 11 The Railway Accidents and Untoward Incidents (Compensation) Rules, 1990, prescribe the quantum of amount of compensation payable in respect of death or injuries more specifically described in the Schedule. Part II of the Schedule provides payment of compensation to the tune of Rs. 4,00,000/- in case of double amputation of leg or thigh or amputation of leg or thigh on one side and loss of other foot. The case put up by claimant comes within the scope of entry no. 3 Schedule II prescribed under the Rules. Claimant is thus entitled to receive compensation to the tune of Rs. 4,00,000/-. Learned counsel for the appellant has contended that the claimant is also entitled to receive interest on amount of compensation receivable by her. My attention is invited to judgment in the matter of Thazhathe Purayil Sarabi & others vs. Union of India and another reported in AIR 2009 Supreme Court 3098. The Apex Court has ruled in the aforesaid fa1554.04 14 matter that the court does have powers to grant interest by taking recourse to provisions of Interest Act 1978 even though the rules framed under the Railways Act do not specifically provide for grant of interest. It is observed in paragraph no. 13 of the judgment thus : 13 Admittedly, neither the Railway Claims Tribunal Act, 1987, nor the Railways Act, 1989, make provision for payment of interest on any awarded amount. While section 16 of the 1987 Act prescribes the procedure for making an application to the Claims Tribunal, the right to receive compensation is contained in Sections 124 and 124-A comprising Chapter XIII of the 1989 Act dealing with the liability of the Railway Administration for death and injury to passengers due to accidents. Even though there is no provision in either of the Acts for payment of interest on the awarded sum, there is no denying the fact that the right to claim compensation accrued on the date of incident, although, compensation has been held in Rathi Menon’s case (supra) is to be computed from the date of the Award of the Claims Tribunal. In cases, where the statute does not make any specific provision for payment of interest on any awarded sum, the power of the Courts to grant interest can also be referred to from the provisions of the Interest Act, 1978 and the Code of Civil Procedure. Section 3 of the Interest Act 1978, which confers power on the Court to allow interest reads as follows :- 3 Power of the Court to allow interest – (1) In any proceedings for the recovery of any debt or damages or in any proceedings in which a claim for interest in respect of any debt or damages already paid is made, the Court may, if it thinks fit, allow interest to the person entitled to the debt or damages or to the person making such claim, as the case may be, at a rate not exceeding the current rate of interest, for the whole or part of the fa1554.04 15 following period, that is to say,- (a) If the proceedings relate to a debt payable by virtue of written instrument at a certain time, then, from the date when the debt is payable to the date of institution of the proceedings; (b) If the proceedings do not relate to any such debt, then, from the date mentioned in this regard in a written notice given by the person entitled or the person making the claim to the person liable that interest will be claimed, to the date of institution of the proceedings: . Provided that where the amount of the debt or damages has been repaid before institution of the proceedings interest shall not be allowed under this section for the period after such repayment. (2) Where, in any such proceedings as are mentioned in sub-section (1)- (a) Judgment, order or award is given for a sum which, apart from interest on damages, exceeds four thousand rupees, and (b) The sum represents or includes damages in respect of personal injuries to the plaintiff or any other person, or in respect of a person’s death. then, the power conferred by that sub-section shall be exercised so as to include in that sum interest on those damages or on such part of them as the Court considers appropriate for the whole or part of the period from the date mentioned in the notice to the date of institution of the proceedings, unless the Court is satisfied fa1554.04 16 that there are special reasons why no interest should be given in respect of those damages. (3) Nothing in this section (a) shall apply in relation to- (i) Any debt or damages upon which interest is payable as of right by virtue of any agreement; or (ii) Any debt or damages upon which payment of interest is barred, by virtue of all express agreement; (b) Shall affect - (i) The compensation recoverable for the dishonour of a bill of exchange, promissory note or cheque, as defined in the Negotiable Instruments Act, 1981 (26 of 1881) or - (ii) The provisions of rule 2 of Order 11 of the First Schedule to the Code of Civil Proceudre, 1908 ( 5 of 1908); (c) Shall empower the Court to award interest upon interest.” . In view of the law laid down by the Apex Court in the judgment cited supra, I am of the view that the claimant shall be held entitled to receive interest on the amount of compensation receivable by her. Respondent shall pay simple interest at the rate of 6% per annum on the amount of fa1554.04 17 Rs.4,00,000/- receivable by the claimant from the date of presentation of application till realisation of the amount. Appeal is allowed accordingly. In the facts and circumstances of the case, I quantify costs receivable by the claimant at Rs. 25,000/-. 12 Pending civil application, if any, does not survive and stands disposed of. ( R. M. BORDE ) JUDGE dyb