IN THE HIGH COURT OF JUDICATURE AT BOMBAY IN THE HIGH COURT OF JUDICATURE AT BOMBAY IN THE HIGH COURT OF JUDICATURE AT BOMBAY CRIMINAL APPELLATE JURISDICTION CRIMINAL APPELLATE JURISDICTION CRIMINAL APPELLATE JURISDICTION CRIMINAL APPEAL NO. 820 OF 2007 CRIMINAL APPEAL NO. 820 OF 2007 CRIMINAL APPEAL NO. 820 OF 2007 1. Rajan Malayya Muthiyala ) of Mumbai Indian Inhabitant, ) Aged 43 years, Occ Business, ) Residing at Ganesh Tadi Madi Shop ) J.P. Raod, Near Ghatkopar (West), ) Mumbai - 86. ) 2. Satyam Malayya Kadala ) of Mumbai Indian Inhabitant, ) Aged 25 years, Occ Business, ) Residing at Ganesh Tadi Madi Shop ) J.P. Raod, Near Ghatkopar (West), ) Mumbai - 86. ) presently in Arthur Road Jail )...Appellants (Orig.Accused) vs. State of Maharashtra ) (at the instance of Ghatkopar Police ) Station C.R.No.43/2004 )...Respondents (Orig.complainant) Mrs.Veena Thadani with Mr.Vishal Thadani for the Appellants. Mr.D.P. Adsule, APP for the State. CORAM : V.M. KANADE, J. CORAM : V.M. KANADE, J. CORAM : V.M. KANADE, J. DATED : NOVEMBER 11, 2008 DATED : NOVEMBER 11, 2008 DATED : NOVEMBER 11, 2008 ORAL JUDGMENT :- ORAL JUDGMENT :- ORAL JUDGMENT :- 1. Heard learned Counsel for the appellants and the learned APP for the State. - 2 - 2. The appellants are challenging the judgment and order passed by the 8th Ad-hoc Additional Sessions Judge whereby by the said judgment and order dated 27th August, 2007 he was pleased to convict the appellants for the offence punishable under Section 328 read with 34 of the IPC and sentenced them to suffer RI for a period of four years each and to pay a fine of Rs.5000/- each and in default, to suffer simple imprisonment for four months each. 3. The appellants were charged for an offence under Section 304 Part II read with Section 34 of the IPC and also for the offence under Section 328 read with 34 of the IPC. The trial court, however, had acquitted the appellants for the offence punishable under Section 304 Part II read with Section 34 of the IPC. The State has not preferred any appeal against the order of acquittal of the appellants under Section 304 part II. 4. The prosecution case in brief is that appellant no.1 was the owner of toddy shop and he had the requisite licence to sell toddy in his shop known as "OM - 3 - Saya Toddy Madi Center" situated at Ghatkopar. On 19-2-2004, four persons became unconscious after consuming toddy which was served by the appellants and out of the four persons, two persons died. An inquest panchanama was prepared and also panchanama of the spot of the offence was prepared and in the said panchanama, a sample of the toddy was taken in 26 bottles and it was sent for chemical analysis. The report of the Chemical Analyser indicated that in some of the bottles chloral hydrate was found. Post Mortem was performed by the Doctor on the two persons who had died and their viscera was sent for chemical analysis. Viscera Report indicated that there was high level of chloral hydrate in the liquid which was found in the stomach and intestines of the two deceased. A high level of the chloral hydrate was also found in the samples which were taken from the two persons who had survived on regaining consciousness. The prosecution examined 14 witnesses in support of its case. The panch witness who was examined in support of the spot panchanama turned hostile. The two witnesses who had become unconscious after consuming toddy, however, supported the prosecution case. The - 4 - trial court on the basis of this evidence, however, came to the conclusion that it was not established by the prosecution that the two persons who had died had consumed toddy in the shop of the appellants and therefore, by giving them benefit of doubt, they were acquitted for the offence punishable under Section 304 Part II. The State did not challenge the said order. 5. Being aggrieved by the order of conviction of the appellants under Section 328 read with 34 of the IPC, the appellants have preferred this appeal. 6. Mrs.Thadani, learned Counsel for the appellants submitted that no reliance could not be placed on the panchanama in respect of the seizure of the toddy which was later on sent to the Chemical Analyser for analysis, firstly because the panch witness has turned hostile, Secondly because the procedure which is required to be followed for taking the samples as laid down under the Bombay Prohibition Act had not been followed and therefore, no reliance could be placed either on the panchanama or on the CA report. She submitted that PW - 5 - 13 who had taken over the investigation from PW 1 did not state that the bottles were sealed in his presence though he had stated in his evidence that he had accompanied PW 1 Pawar and was present when the spot panchanama was prepared. She submitted that PW 1 also in his evidence has not stated that the bottles in which the samples were taken were sealed by him. She further invited my attention to the evidence of the panch witness who has stated in his evidence that the bottles were not sealed in his presence. She, therefore, submitted that the entire panchanama at Exhibit 12, therefore, had to be discarded and the learned trial court had, therefore, erred in relying on the said panchanama and convicting the appellants for the offence punishable under Section 328 read with 34 of the IPC. She submitted that since the panchanama was not proved, it could not be relied upon. It was not established by the prosecution that the toddy which was consumed by the two persons who became unconscious was consumed by them in his shop. She submitted that the defence of the accused was that there were two other toddy shops adjoining the shop of the appellant no.1 and that these - 6 - persons had consumed toddy in the other shop and not in the shop of the appellant. She further invited my attention to the CA report and also the opinion given by the Doctor who had performed post mortem. She submitted that the said reports also indicated that the two persons who had died may have consumed something else before consuming toddy which could have resulted in their death. She further submitted that so far as the two persons who had became unconscious, there was every possibility that they might have consumed chloral hydrate on their own before consuming toddy. She submitted that from the CA report, it was clear that there was very high level of chloral hydrate found in the sample which was taken by the said two witnesses and the only reasons which could be assigned was the possibility of these witnesses consuming chloral hydrate on their own before consuming toddy. She further submitted that the prosecution had not established that the appellants had administered or caused to be administered the said poisonous substance to the toddy which was sold in the shop where the two persons were became unconscious. She submitted that the trial court - 7 - had erred in relying on the evidence of the panch witness who was declared hostile by the prosecution while recording a finding that the bottles were seized from the shop of the appellant no.1. She submitted that it was known fact that chloral hydrate was used as stimulant and number of persons who regularly consumed toddy took chloral hydrate before consuming toddy for getting a stimulation. She, therefore, submitted that the finding recorded by the trial court was patently illegal and the judgment and order of the trial court, therefore, was liable to be set aside. 7. The learned APP, Shri Adsule, appearing on behalf of the State, on the other hand, submitted that the trial court had properly appreciated the evidence on record and has convicted the accused for the offence under Section 328. He invited my attention to the panchanama of PW 12 and also the CA report. He submitted that from the panchanama, it was very clear that the procedure which was required to be followed for the purpose of taking samples, had been followed and that the panchanama had been duly proved and was taken - 8 - on record. He submitted that PW 13 also was present when the spot panchanama was prepared. He, therefore, submitted that the order passed by the trial court therefore, should be confirmed. 8. I have heard both the learned Counsel appearing for the appellants and the learned APP for the State, at length. This is yet another unfortunate case where two persons had died after consuming toddy and two persons had become unconscious. The appellants have been acquitted by the trial court for the offence punishable under Section 304 Part II and the State has not preferred any appeal against them. It is, therefore, not possible to take into consideration the aspect of the death of two persons after consuming toddy since the prosecution had failed to establish that the two persons had died after consuming toddy from the shop of the appellant no.1. Before I consider the rival contentions, it will have to be noted that the proper investigation has not been done by the police in this case and the case also has not been properly conducted in the trial court. The prosecution has left two many - 9 - loose ends as a result of which the trial court had no other option but to acquit both the accused for the offence punishable under Section 304 Part II. Important witnesses have not been examined by the prosecution. The tragedy of this nature very often takes place though several laws have been made to avert such tragedy. Inspite of the precaution being taken by the Government, time and again people have died after consuming illegally prepared liquor or toddy. 9. In the present case, the prosecution has examined PW 1 PSI Rajendra Pawar. He has stated in his evidence that he was attached to Ghatkopar Police Station and he received a telephone call from Rajawadi Hospital that three persons were admitted in the hospital after they had consumed toddy. He was also informed that one person had died and two persons became unconscious. He has stated that he made an inquiry and it was revealed from the inquiry that three persons had consumed toddy at 9 p.m. at the OM Saya Toddy Madi Center at Ghatkopar (West) and one Mahesh Jogale and Gani Rehman Mulani were unconscious and one Sanjay - 10 - Ingawale was dead. He has stated that he drew the inquest panchanama and he took signature of two panchas and he also signed the said panchanama. He further stated that he prepared one inquest panchanama of one Sandesh Shinde who had also died after consuming toddy. He signed the said panchanama. He obtained signature of the panchas. He further stated that he has drawn the spot panchanama and also taken the signature of panchas. The said panchanama, therefore, was duly proved by PW 1 which is at Exhibit 12. He has further stated that he seized the plastic drum, can, bottles, samples of toddy etc. It has to be noted here that learned Counsel Mrs.Thadani has strenuously urged that no particulars have been given by this witness regarding the seizure of the said samples of toddy. She urged that it is not stated in so many words that the said samples were properly sealed and procedure which is required to be followed for taking the samples of toddy has not been followed. It is no doubt true that this witness has not stated in so many words that the sample of the toddy was sealed by him. However, that by itself cannot be a ground for discarding the panchanama which is at Exhibit - 11 - 12 which has been duly proved by him and therefore, the contents of the said documents also should be read in evidence. Perusal of the panchanama at Exhibit 12 indicates that the said samples were properly taken in clean bottles and they were sealed. In the panchanama it is stated that two samples of 350 millilitres were taken in a clean bottle and thereafter, it was properly sealed and it was given for further analysis. It is specifically stated that in this manner, the sample was taken in 26 bottles. It is further stated that these samples were packed in brown cover envelope and on the said envelope also, the signature of the panchas and the police was put and thereafter, it was sealed. The prosecution has examined PW 13 who has stated in his evidence that he was present when the said panchanama was prepared and that thereafter, he had sent these samples to the Chemical Analyser alongwith the carrier. The submission of the learned Counsel, Mrs.Thadani that this witness PW 13 also not having stated that the samples were seized in his presence and therefore, the said panchanama should be discarded cannot be accepted. He has stated in his evidence that Exhibit 12 was - 12 - prepared in his presence and it was prepared by PSI Pawar. He has also identified the signature of the two panch witnesses. Since PW 1 PSI Pawar has already stated in his evidence that he prepared the panchanama and the panchanama indicates the manner in which the samples have been taken. Clearly, because PW 13 has not stated that the samples were not sealed in his presence, that does not reduce the probative value of Exhibit 12. PW 13 has further stated in his evidence that the seized samples of toddy and other samples of bark and the liquid Thinner were sent by him to the Chemical Analyser with the carrier. He has stated that he sent all these articles on two occasions alongwith the letter dated 22-2-2004. The said letter has been brought on record and is at Exhibit 40. Similarly, on the second occasion, the samples were sent on 25-2-2004 and the covering letter was also sent alongwith the said samples and the said letter has been brought on record at Exhibit 41. The submission of Mrs.Thadani that the procedure for taking samples of toddy as laid down under the Bombay Prohibition Act and the regulation framed under the Toddy Control Order had not been applied, also - 13 - cannot be accepted. It has to be noted here that the accused had been charged for the offence punishable under Section 328 read with 34 of the IPC and the procedure for taking samples and seizure of articles is laid down under Section 100 of the Cr.P.C. when the accused are tried for the offence punishable under Section 328 of the IPC, the question of following the procedure as laid down in the Bombay Prohibition Act or any other Act does not arise as long as the procedure as laid down under Cr.P.C. is followed. The said evidence has to be accepted. Mrs.Thadani has further submitted that normally in cases where samples of toddy are taken, certain chemical viz. copper sulphate is to be added to the sample because otherwise the said sample due to over fermentation by lapse of time, would become useless for any chemical analysis. She submitted that the panchanama also does not indicate that while taking these samples, such a chemical was put for the purpose of preservation of toddy. This submission also cannot be accepted merely because it is not mentioned in the panchanama such a preservative was added and it cannot be presumed that the said sample had become useless for - 14 - the purpose of analysis. The CA report would have indicated that the samples cannot be examined due to over fermentation. On the contrary, the Chemical Analyser’s report gives the details of the contents of each of the bottles, the percentage of chemical found in each bottle and also the percentage of other chemicals which were found. Apart from that, there is no provision in the Cr.P.C. which mandates that in such a case, chemical has to be added in the samples which were taken. This submission, therefore, also cannot be accepted. 10. Perusal of the CA reports which are at Exhibits 23, 23A, 24, 24A and 24B, 25, 25A, 25B, 25C, 25D, 25E, 25F and 25G, therefore, clearly indicate that these samples contained chloral hydrate. Thus, the trial court was justified in recording the finding that the toddy which was consumed by the two persons who had become unconscious had contained chloral hydrate. Mrs.Thadani also had urged that from the evidence of the other witnesses, it had come on record that on that day, number of persons had consumed toddy in the shop of the - 15 - appellant no.1, however, only four persons had suffered injuries. She submitted that one of the witnesses had consumed more than 3 bottles and he was not injured in any manner. This submission also cannot be accepted. It is possible that the toddy which was consumed by the other persons did not contain chloral hydrate because out of the 26 bottles which were seized and sent for chemical analysis, chloral hydrate was found only in six bottles. It is possible that the other persons had consumed toddy from bottles which did not contain chloral hydrate. 11. In my view, from the panchanama at Exhibit 12 and the statements of PW 1 and PW 13, it has been established by the prosecution that the appellant nos.1 and 2 had served toddy adulterated with chloral hydrate which was consumed by the two persons who had unconscious. 12. The prosecution has further examined PW 5 Mahesh Jogle who had become unconscious after consuming toddy in the shop of the appellant no.1. In his evidence, it - 16 - is stated that on 19.2.2004, he had visited OM Saya Toddy Madi Center at Ghatkopar Railway Station. He had stated that about 25 persons were present in the said shop and the accused no.2 served toddy to him and other persons. He noticed that one person who was sitting next to him had become unconscious. He has further stated that he purchased the bottle of toddy for Rs.8/- and after consuming toddy, he felt uneasy and he regained consciousness in the hospital. This witness, therefore, has clearly established that after consuming toddy in the shop of appellant no.1, he became unconscious. The prosecution has further examined the other persons who had consumed toddy and became unconscious. PW 7 Gani Rehman Mulani has also stated that on the said date, he had consumed toddy in the said shop and he was admitted in the hospital and thereafter, he regained consciousness. The prosecution, therefore, has established that these persons after consuming the toddy in the shop of the appellant no.1 which was served by appellant no.2, had became unconscious. 13. The prosecution has examined one Mohan Ganpat - 17 - Sawant PW 9 panch witness who was present when the spot panchanama was made out by PW 1. This witness has turned hostile and he has stated that his signature was obtained on the panchanama which was prepared in his presence. He has, however, stated that the contents of the panchanama was not read over to him. In his cross-examination by the prosecution, he has admitted that the police had shown the panchas 26 bottles and they had obtained his signature on 26 paper sheet. Mrs.Thadani, learned Counsel for the appellants has submitted that the trial court had convicted the accused only on the said statement made by the pancha in the cross-examination. She submitted that the trial court, therefore, had erred in relying upon the testimony of the witness who had turned hostile. This submission cannot be accepted because the learned Judge while considering the evidence of PW 9 has merely noted that this witness in his cross-examination had admitted that there were 26 bottles and the police had taken the sample. Though this witness had turned hostile, the panchanama has already been proved by PW 1. PW 10 Usman Mohd.Kalaniya also turned hostile. He is the panch - 18 - witness in respect of the panchanama at Exhibit 35. This pancha was examined in connection with the panchanama which is seizure of further samples by the police. The said panchanama, therefore, cannot be relied upon and has been rightly discarded by the trial court. Similarly, PW 11 Firozkhan Afzalkhan who was the panch witness in respect of the panchanama at Exhibit 35A also turned hostile. 14. The prosecution has examined Dr.Shivaji V. Kachare PW 12 who had conducted the post mortem of the two persons who had died. Since the appellants have been acquitted, this evidence could not be relied upon. The prosecution has further examined PW 14 Sanjay Mohan Kamble who was working as API who was attached to the Ghatkopar Police Station on 19th February, 2004. He had recorded the FIR and has arrested both the accused and on 20th February, 2004 handed over the investigation to PI R.C. Patil. 15. Taking into consideration the evidence which is brought on record by the prosecution, in my view, it has - 19 - been clearly established beyond reasonable doubt that PW 5 Mohan Jogale and PW 7 Gani Rehman Mulani had consumed the adulterated toddy which was served to them by appellant no.2 and had become unconscious. It has been established that the said toddy contained poisonous substance chloral hydrate. The Doctor has given his opinion that the consumption of chloral hydrate can be fatal. The prosecution, therefore, in my view, has clearly established that the appellants had committed the offence punishable under Section 328 read with 34 of the IPC. 16. On the question of sentence, the learned Counsel appearing on behalf of the appellants submitted that the appellant has three children and he has already undergone more than one year sentence in jail. She submitted that the licence has been cancelled. She submitted that the sentence may be reduced to the one which the appellant has already undergone. 17. Shri Adsule, learned APP appearing on behalf of the State, on the other hand, submitted that the trial - 20 - court had properly awarded the sentence of four years to both the accused. 18. In my view, taking into consideration the facts and circumstances of the case, the sentence of four years is reduced to two years. The appeal, accordingly, is partly allowed. The conviction of the appellant under Section 328 read with 34 of the IPC is confirmed. The sentence, however, is reduced from four years to two years. 19. Appeal is partly allowed in the aforesaid terms and is disposed of. (V.M. KANADE, J.) (V.M. KANADE, J.) (V.M. KANADE, J.)