- 1 - IN THE HIGH COURT OF JUDICATURE AT BOMBAY APPELLATE JURISDICTION CRIMINAL WRIT PETITION NO.789 OF 2009 Irfan Abdul Gaffar Akbani .... Petitioner Vs. The State of Maharashtra & others .... Respondents WITH CRIMINAL WRIT PETITION NO.790 OF 2009 CRIMINAL WRIT PETITION NO.837 OF 2009 AND CRIMINAL WRIT PETITION NO.819 OF 2009 Mr. Salim Abdul Gafur Akabani & others .... Petitioners Vs. I.C.I.C.I. Bank & another .... Respondents Shri S.K. Shinde for the Petitioners. Shri Amit Desai, Senior Advocate i/b Shri Mannadiar for Respondent No.2. Shri Y.M. Nakhwa, APP, for the State. - 2 - CORAM: A.S. OKA, J. DATED: 30TH JULY, 2009 ORAL JUDGMENT: 1. These petitions can be conveniently disposed of by a common judgment. The petitions arise out of the same proceedings. 2. With a view to appreciate the submissions made by the learned counsel appearing for the parties, it will be necessary to refer to the facts of the case in brief. The proceedings have been initiated on the basis of an offence registered at the instance of the first respondent-ICICI Bank with Shahupuri Police Station. The present petitions are filed by some of the accused. In short, the allegation made by the first respondent-Bank is that the accused have committed fraud to the extent of a sum of Rs. - 3 - 42,61,00,000/-. The allegation is that the amounts fraudulently diverted by the accused have been invested by them in various commodity exchanges. 3. On 9th March, 2007 an application was made by the ICICI Bank Limited (hereinafter referred to as the said Bank ). The said application was made before the learned Chief Judicial Magistrate at Kolhapur under Section 451 r/w Section 457 of the Code of Criminal Procedure, 1973 (hereinafter referred to as the said Code ). In the said application, it was pointed out by the said Bank that the accused have invested a total amount of Rs. 28,11,62,915/- with different investing agencies. It was alleged that out of the said amount a sum of Rs.18,88,21,367/- was invested by the accused with Multi Commodity Exchange of India Ltd. (MCX) and a sum of Rs. 8,73,51,548/- was invested with the National - 4 - Commodity and Derivatives Exchange Ltd. (NCDEX). The prayer made in the said application by the Bank was that the said Bank be granted interim custody of the amount of Rs. 28,11,62,915/-. The investigating officer filed a reply to the said application by submitting to the orders of the Court. The said application was contested by the present accused. It was contended that the said Bank is not entitled to any right in respect of the amount invested by the accused. The said application being Criminal Miscellaneous Application No.182 of 2007 was allowed by the learned Magistrate by order dated 27th August, 2007. The learned Magistrate directed that interim custody of the said amount be handed over to the said Bank under Section 451 of the said Code till the conclusion of the trial on the said Bank executing an indemnity bond in the sum of Rs.30,00,00,000/-. The Bank was directed not to dispose of the cash amount and - 5 - to produce the cash amount before the Court as and when directed. It was directed that the Bank shall not invest the said amount anywhere and shall not spend the said amount without the permission of the Court. The learned Magistrate considered the material produced during the investigation. The learned Magistrate referred to the Bank s statement. The learned Magistrate considered the reply filed by the accused. The learned Magistrate came to the prima facie conclusion that the amount fraudulently obtained by the accused has been invested by the accused, as alleged by the said Bank in the said application. A revision application was preferred by the accused before the Sessions Court for challenging the said Judgment and Order. At this stage, it must be stated here that the Multi Commodity Exchange India Limited filed Criminal Writ Petition No. 1798 of 2007 in this Court for challenging the said order dated 27th August, 2007 passed by - 6 - the learned Magistrate. This Court disposed of the said writ petition after hearing all concerned parties by order dated 29th August, 2008. It was pointed out in the petition that the said MCX had brought to the notice of the investigating officer that the balance in the cash margin deposit of the accused as on 16th April, 2007 was Rs.98,60,606.85, out of which as on that date a sum of Rs.9,53,862.11 was the amount due and payable by the accused to the said Exchange on account of various charges. It was pointed out that the said exchange had disclosed to the investigating that the accused had submitted to the said Exchange towards additional margin two fixed deposit receipts issued by the HDFC Bank, Kolhapur Branch in favour of the accused in sum of Rs. 1,35,00,000/- and 1,65,00,000/- respectively. It was pointed out in the petition that on the day on which the petition was heard, a sum of Rs.17,29,754.36 was due and payable by the - 7 - accused to the said MCX on account of charges. While disposing of the said writ petition, this Court examined the report dated 21st April, 2007 submitted by the investigating officer. Paragraph 8 of the said Judgment and Order of this Court reads thus: 8.The perusal of the report dated 21st April 2007 shows that the Investigating Officer has stated that from the bank account of the 3rd respondent it appears that a sum of Rs.18,85,21,367/- has been invested by the 3rd respondent with the petitioner. However, the said Officer has referred to letter dated 16th April 2007 submitted by the petitioner to the investigating agency in which it was stated that only a sum of Rs.98,60,606/- was balance in the margin account of the 3rd respondent with the petitioner and the petitioner was holding two fixed deposit receipts in the sum of Rs.01,35,00,000/- and Rs. 01,65,00,000/- as additional margin. - 8 - Report also refers to the fact that the 3rd respondent had invested a sum of Rs.08,73,51,548/- with NCDEX and it was reported to the Investigating Officer that as on 01st February 2007 a sum of Rs.01,69,44,094/- was available with the said NCDEX apart from the fixed deposit receipts held by the said NCDEX. After hearing all parties, this Court disposed of the petition by passing the following order: (ii) The petitioner will deposit a sum of Rs.81,30,852.49 with the 2nd respondent within a period of two weeks from today. (iii) The petitioner is also directed to deposit with the trial Court fixed deposit receipt held by the petitioner bearing No. 1644850000011 dated 01st September 2006 in the amount of Rs. 01,35,00,000/- as well as the fixed deposit receipt No.1644850000038 dated 15th September 2006 in the - 9 - amount of Rs.01,65,00,000/- within a period of two weeks from today. (iv) This order will not prevent the 2nd respondent from applying for appropriate modification of the impugned order. It will be also open for the 2nd respondent to file a fresh proceeding for seeking appropriate directions regarding the aforesaid fixed deposit receipts directed to be deposited by the petitioner with the trial Court. (v) It is made clear that the direction issued under this order shall be acted upon by the petitioner without waiting for a copy of this order becoming available and compliance cannot be deferred on the ground that a copy of this order is not available. It must be noted here that the petitioner in the said petition was MCX and the second respondent was the said Bank. While deciding the revision application filed by the accused - 10 - against the Judgment and Order dated 27th August, 2007, passed in Criminal Miscellaneous Application No.182 of 2007, the Sessions Court considered the aforesaid modification made by this Court. The learned Sessions Judge held that the impugned order had attained finality subject to modification made by this Court. Therefore, the revision application was dismissed. Criminal Writ Petition No.837 of 2009 has been filed by the accused for challenging the said order dated 27th August, 2007 and confirmation thereof in the revision application. 4. Another application being Criminal Miscellaneous Application No.184 of 2007 was filed by the said Bank before the learned Chief Judicial Magistrate for return of a cash amount in the sum of Rs.46,18,459.22. During the course of the hearing of the said application, the investigating officer submitted a report, - 11 - pointing out that the accused, after obtaining huge amount from the said Bank by adopting fraudulent means, misappropriated the said amount and credited the same in their bank accounts at various Banks including the HDFC Bank Limited at Kolhapur and the HDFC Bank Limited at Mumbai. By order dated 27th August, 2007, the said application made by the Bank was allowed and the said Bank was permitted to take custody of the said amount on its executing an indemnity bond of Rs.50,00,000/-. The said Bank was directed not to transfer or spend the said amount or to invest the said amount without the permission of the Court. 5. Another application was made by the accused before the learned Chief Judicial Magistrate praying that the accused may be allowed to operate their bank accounts with financial institutes like MCX, NCDEX and Geogit Finance for the purpose of business - 12 - transactions by executing necessary bond. It was prayed that the amount ordered to be paid to the said Bank under the order dated 27th August, 2007 should be ordered to be deposited with any nationalised Bank in fixed deposit. The said application was rejected by the learned Magistrate by order dated 21st July, 2008. Criminal Writ Petition No.819 of 2009 has been filed by the accused for challenging the said order dated 21st July, 2008 passed by the learned Magistrate. 6. Criminal Miscellaneous Application No. 359 of 2007 was filed by the accused praying for return of the concerned property and for seeking permission to allow the accused for operating their bank accounts. A prayer was also made for defreezing their bank accounts. By the order dated 27th August, 2007 the learned Chief Judicial Magistrate partly allowed the application filed by the accused. - 13 - They were also permitted to transact their day- to-day business by opening accounts in the other financial institutions. However, the prayer made by the accused for defreezing of all the accounts as well as for withdrawal of the amounts from the various bank accounts was rejected. A revision application was filed by the accused for challenging the said order and the said revision application has been dismissed by the learned Sessions Judge. Criminal Writ Petition No.790 of 2009 has been filed by the accused for challenging the said order. On the basis of the liberty granted by this Court by order dated 29th August, 2008, passed in Criminal Writ Petition No.1798 of 2007, which is referred to above, an application was made by the said Bank before the learned Chief Judicial Magistrate praying that the HDFC Bank at Kolhapur be directed to liquidate the fixed deposit receipts in the amounts of Rs.1,35,00,000/- and Rs. - 14 - 1,65,00,000/- respectively. The said fixed deposit receipts were deposited by the MCX in terms of the order dated 29th August, 2008, passed by this Court. The said application was opposed by the accused by pointing out that the amounts covered by the said two fixed deposits do not form part of the muddemal property and the amounts covered by the fixed deposits have nothing to do with the offence. The accused made an application at Exhibit-263 praying that the said two fixed deposit receipts be given in the custody of the accused. By a Judgment and Order dated 18th December, 2008 the application made by the said Bank at Exhibit-244 was rejected and the application made by the accused at Exhibit-263 was allowed by a separate order dated 5th March, 2009. By the said order dated 5th March, 2009 the HDFC Bank at Kolhapur was directed to return and handover interim custody of the said two fixed deposit receipts together with the interest accrued to - 15 - one of the accused Irfan Abdul Gafar Akbani on the said accused executing an indemnity bond in the sum of Rs.3,00,00,000/-. There were separate revision applications filed by the said Bank for challenging the aforesaid orders. The said revision applications were allowed. By Judgment and Order dated 26th March, 2009 the Additional Sessions Judge directed that on the said Bank executing an indemnity bond in the sum of Rs.4,00,00,000/-, the HDFC Bank, Kolhapur Branch shall liquidate the said two fixed deposit receipts and handover the amounts payable thereunder along with the interest accrued to the said Bank. Criminal Writ Petition No.789 of 2009 has been filed by the accused for challenging the said order. 7. Shri S.K. Shinde, learned counsel appearing for the petitioners/accused has made a detail submissions. He submitted that the amounts covered by the said two fixed deposits - 16 - in the sum of Rs.1,35,00,000/- and Rs. 1,65,00,000/- respectively were never part of the muddemal property and it was never the case of the prosecution that the said amounts have been procured by practising the fraud which is the subject-matter of the offence alleged. He submitted that the said fixed deposit receipts were never attached by the investigating officer. He submitted that the said receipts were never brought or produced before any criminal Court and, therefore, power under Section 451 or 457 of the said Code could not have been exercised. He submitted that unless a nexus between the amount allegedly fraudulently obtained by the accused and the amounts covered by the fixed deposit receipts is established, no relief can be claimed by the said Bank in respect of the said receipts. He submitted that in fact, neither the prosecution nor the said Bank had claimed the amount under the said receipts and the fact that the said - 17 - fixed deposit receipts were in existence was brought on record for the first time by MCX in their Criminal Writ Petition No.1798 of 2007. He submitted that neither the said Bank nor the investigating officer claimed that the amounts which are the subject-matter of the said fixed deposit receipts have been fraudulently obtained by the accused from the said Bank. He submitted that by no stretch of imagination the said Bank is entitled to custody of the amounts covered by the said two fixed deposit receipts. 8. Adverting to the other three writ petitions filed by the accused, he submitted that certain amounts were legitimately invested by the accused with financial institutions and unless the alleged offence committed by the accused was established, by exercising power under Section 451 of the said Code, the custody of the amounts could not have been granted to the said Bank. He submitted that there is - 18 - absolutely no nexus established by the prosecution between the amounts which are alleged to be withdrawn by the said Bank and the alleged offence. He, therefore, submitted that the impugned orders deserve to be quashed and set aside. 9. The learned counsel appearing for the said Bank supported the impugned orders. He pointed out that the reports submitted by the investigating officers before the trial Court from time to time show that the amounts invested by the accused with the MCX, NCDEX and other four financial institutions represent the amounts fraudulently procured by the accused. He submitted that MCX pointed out that the said fixed deposits were given by the accused by way of additional margin. He submitted that there is material available in the investigation to show that the amounts fraudulently obtained by the accused have been diverted by the accused - 19 - to various investments. He submitted that in any case, while granting permission to take the amounts, the Courts below have taken adequate security for safeguarding the said amounts and have imposed appropriate conditions to ensure that the amounts are brought back before the Court at appropriate stage. He, therefore, submitted that no interference was called for with the purely interlocutory orders passed by the Courts below. He submitted that by the very nature of the orders under Section 451 of the said Code, the said orders are not final in the sense that the said orders operate only till the conclusion of trial. 10. The learned counsel appearing for the petitioners pointed out that though bonds might have been executed by the said Bank in terms of the impugned orders, there is no undertaking recorded therein that not only the amounts of which the custody was given to the said Bank - 20 - but a reasonable interest on the said amount will be brought back by the said Bank in the event, at the conclusion of the trial, it is held that the said Bank was under obligation to produce the entire amount. The learned senior counsel appearing for the Bank stated that if no such clause has been incorporated in the security bonds, the concerned authorised representative of the said Bank will file additional bonds recording undertaking to bring back the entire amount with appropriate rate of interest. Accordingly, the said Bank has tendered on record an additional affidavit of the concerned officer of the Bank showing willingness to file additional bonds. 11. I have given careful consideration to the submissions. As narrated earlier, the FIR was lodged at the instance of the said Bank. In the FIR filed by one Ankur Jaipuria, an officer of the said Bank has set out as to how - 21 - an amount of Rs.42,61,00,000/- has been siphoned by the accused. It must be noted here that as far as challenge to the orders dated 27th August, 2007 is concerned, which were confirmed in revision by order dated 17th August, 2008, the present petitions are filed in April, 2009. The trial Court, while passing the said orders which are the subject-matter of challenge in Criminal Writ Petition Nos.837 of 2009 and 819 of 2009, has perused the reports of the investigating officers and the material collected during investigation. The trial Judge recorded a prima facie finding that huge amount of loan has been advanced by the said Bank to the accused on the basis of the receipts which were produced by the accused regarding the goods kept by them in warehouses. The accused had obtained loan amounts against the said goods allegedly kept in the warehouses. The investigating officer found that some of the documents show that the loan - 22 - amount has been invested by the accused in commodity exchanges in investing agencies. The learned Magistrate held that the order regarding final custody of the amount invested by the accused can be passed at the time of final hearing of the main case. It must be stated here that while permitting withdrawal of the amounts by the said Bank, indemnity was ordered to be executed by the said Bank for an amount which is more than the amount which was covered by the orders passed by the learned Magistrate. Further restraints were imposed on investments or utilisation of the amounts which were received by the Bank. 12. In view of the prima facie material found during the course of the investigation, the learned Magistrate passed orders in the nature of interlocutory orders for the purposes of ensuring safe custody of the amounts. The result of the said two orders is that the - 23 - amounts will remain in the custody of the said Bank and the amounts have been ordered to be secured by the said Bank by filing indemnity bonds. The orders passed by the learned Magistrate are in the nature of interlocutory orders which are never final. Considering the seriousness of the charges levelled against the accused, pending the trial, the said Bank has been permitted to withdraw the amounts. While granting permission, the learned Magistrate has provided for all the safeguards for bringing back the amount in the event of a final conclusion being recorded that the amounts were not fraudulently diverted. As stated earlier, the learned senior counsel appearing for the said Bank has tendered on record an affidavit of the concerned officer stating that additional bonds will be filed by an authorised officer of the said Bank recording an undertaking that in case the Court finally directs the Bank to redeposit the amount, the - 24 - amount shall be deposited together with a reasonable amount of interest thereon, as may be fixed by the concerned Court. The statement made by the learned senior counsel appearing for the Bank is accepted. 13. As far as criminal Writ Petition No. 789 of 2009 is concerned, which relates to grant of custody of the amounts covered by the two fixed deposit receipts, the MCX in the petition filed in this Court brought on record that the said two fixed deposit receipts issued by the HDFC Bank Limited, Kolhapur were submitted by the accused as additional margin with the MCX. The investigating agency may not have taken custody or may not have seized the said two fixed deposit receipts, but the fact remains that the said fixed deposit receipts were given as additional margin by the accused while investing with MCX the amount which is prima facie found to be fraudulently procured. - 25 - Again in this case the Sessions Court has ensured that the amounts covered by the fixed deposits are properly secured and, therefore, he said Bank has been directed to file indemnity bond of the concerned officer. This again is an interlocutory order passed in exercise of powers under Section 451 of the said Code. In this case also a proper bond will have to be executed by the said Bank undertaking to pay interest, if any, at such rate as may be fixed by the trial Court at the time of conclusion of the trial. 14. The allegation against the accused is of siphoning of amounts exceeding more than Rs. 42,00,00,000/-. Whether the said amount was really siphoned and whether the amounts invested by the accused which are the subject- matter of challenge in these petitions form part of the amounts which are fraudulently procured will have to be decided at the time of - 26 - conclusion of the trial on the basis of the evidence adduced. Pending the conclusion of the trial, interim arrangement has been made by the Courts below for custody of the amounts which were allegedly fraudulently procured by the accused. 15. In writ jurisdiction under Article 227 of the Constitution of India, or in exercise of powers under Section 482 of the said Code, no interference can be made with the discretionary orders passed by the Courts below, especially when care has been taken to ensure that the amounts are secured. It is well-settled that powers under Section 482 of the said Code have to be exercised very sparingly and in rare cases. 16. Hence no case is made out for interference. At this stage, it must be pointed out that by the impugned orders no - 27 - final adjudication has been made as regards the ownership of the amounts. 17. Hence, I pass the following order: :: ORDER :: The writ petitions are dismissed. On the prayer made by the learned counsel for the petitioner, ad-interim order dated 2nd May 2009 will continue to operate for a period of eight weeks from today. The result is that the orders of both the trial court and Appellate Court will not be implemented for a period of eight weeks from today and the status quo shall be maintained. Sd/- JUDGE