WP(C) 450/2008 BEFORE HON’BLE MR. JUSTICE B.K. SHARMA . JUDGMENT AND ORDER (CAV) The dispute raised in both the writ petitions is in respect of the propo sal of the respondents to carry the 11KV/33 KV High Tension Electricity Lines ov er the land of the petitioners, which according to the petitioners, is illegal a nd without any authority of law. The petitioners have prayed for diversion of t he said electricity lines through the particular P.W.D. Road. 2. While WP(C) No.6196/2007 has been filed by two residents of the particul ar locality over whose land the proposed high tension wire is sought to be drawn . The second writ petition has been filed by 18 petitioners, who are the reside nts of the particular Housing Colony, who would be allegedly affected in the eve nt of carrying the 11 KV/33 KV High Tension Electricity Lines as proposed by the respondents. 3. Since both the writ petitions pertain to the same grievance and based on the same cause of action, they have been heard together and are being disposed of by this common judgment and order. 4. The petitioners No.1 and 2 are the allottee and purchaser respectively o f the plots of land described in paragraph 2 of the first writ petition while th e petitioners in the second writ petition are the members of the particular Hous ing Development Society. It has been averred in the writ petition that there is a road through the Housing Colony to a place called Seuj Nagar. According to the petitioners, the respondents have considered Seuj Nagar road to be under P.W .D. Road and for that, certain amount of money has also been mobilized for devel opment of the said road. 5. In paragraph 7 of W.P.(C) No.6196/2007, it has been stated that there ar e high power overhead electricity lines, one carrying about 11 Kilo Volts and th e other carrying about 33 Kilo Volts, which were installed by the Assam State El ectricity Board many years back, even before the housing complex area of the lan d was acquired by the Assam State Housing Board and they are passing through the housing complex area of the petitioners from Narengi Power Station to M.E.S. Sa tgaon and some other destinations for power supply. Subsequently, the respondent s, more particularly, the Respondents No.4, 5 and 6 had verified, surveyed and allotted various plots of land to many people near and beside those high tensio n lines and also granted permission for construction of houses. 6. According to the petitioners, they and other people of the area of the H ousing Colony have constructed their respective houses very carefully following all the norms of construction of house near and beside the said High Tension Lin es. But even then, many accidents took place near and beside the High Tension Li nes in and around the residential area. It is the stand of the petitioners that the respondents have not taken any precautionary measures in and around the High Tension Lines. It has been alleged that they have only demarcated the open land beneath the 33 KV lines and declared it as Green Area, but no other precautiona ry measures have been taken. 7. It has been stated in the writ petition that the respondents had prepare d a draft proposal for diverting the 11KV High Tension Electricity Lines through the P.W.D. road of the Housing Colony and carry the same through the Seuj Nagar road and further forward it towards M.E.S. Narengi. According to the petitione rs, such a proposal has already been accepted, approved and sanctioned by the P. W.D. and the electricity authorities. However, the respondents, more particularl y, the respondent-ASEB in an illegal and arbitrary manner and in violation of t he terms and conditions of the draft proposal plan have decided to divert the 1 1KV High Tension Electricity Lines through and over the houses of the petitioner s in WP(C) No.6196/2007 without any prior information or notification. It is the further stand of the petitioners that the said authorities are also trying to a cquire certain portion of the land of the petitioner No.2 for erection and insta llation of the electricity posts for carrying 11KV High Tension Lines. 8. Being aggrieved, the petitioners had submitted time-to-time representati ons but the same did not yield any result. 9. It is in the aforesaid background and more particularly, when according to the petitioners, there could be alternative carrying of the High Tension Elec tricity Lines over the P.W.D. road, the proposed action of the respondents is il legal and arbitrary. Accordingly, they have prayed for interference of this Cour t in the matter. 10. The respondents have filed their counter affidavit denying the contentio ns raised in the writ petition. According to them, the people, who have construc ted the houses near the High Tension Lines, did not give any notice to the A.S.E .B. In paragraph 6 of the counter affidavit, it has been denied that the A.S.E.B . has diverted the 33 KV High Tension Lines through and over the houses of the p etitioners and others in an illegal and arbitrary manner. It has been stated tha t the earlier proposal for drawing the new 33 KV lines over the Seuj Nagar roads ide has been abandoned on valid ground. The ground being objection from M.E.S., which has paid the construction costs of the lines. It has also been stated th at it would also require extra steel tubular poles for negotiating the curves al ong the road. According to the petitioners, such a diversion may also lead to la w and order problem. 11. It has been stated in the counter affidavit that the power supply to M.E .S. (Military Engineering Service) has been provided through the 11 KV MES lines originated from 33/11 KV Narengi sub-station of the Lower Assam Electricity Dis tribution Company Limited and the same has passed through the Housing Colony of Seuj Nagar; Oil India Limited land; Puberun Nagar and Defence Department land et c. It has been stated that the existing 11 KV line, which connects the M.E.S is very old and was drawn at the time of establishment of the Army Cantonment at Sa tgaon and presently, the condition of the steel and wooden poles and conductors are not satisfactory resulting in interruption of power supply to M.E.S. 12. It was on the above context, it was felt necessary to provide power supp ly to M.E.S. at 33 KV voltage level. According to the respondents, the demand of the M.E.S. is for 3480 KVA and the respondent-Board is under obligation to p rovide power at upgraded voltage of 33 KV to M.E.S as per the Assam Electricity Regulatory Commission Guidelines. The M.E.S. has also applied for supplying the existing quantum of power at 33 KV. 13. The respondents have categorically stated that the consumers will get qu ality power at 33 KV line with minimum interruptions for less operational activi ties at sending end sub-station, less line fault for installation of line conduc tors on 14.5. Meter high steel poles and without any other distribution transfor mer in the line. The respondents have emphasized on providing quality power supp ly to defence establishment where arms and ammunitions are stored and nation’s v ital security systems are installed. Thus, according to the respondents, deliver ing power at 33 KV will lessen the system transmission loss which is a national interest. 14. In the affidavit, it has also been stated that the Garrison Engineer, M. E.S. has already deposited Rs.62,95,404/- on 23.4.2006 to the Board for construc tion of new 33 KV lines along with terminal equipment at Narengi sub-station as per the approved estimate, which was prepared taking the existing 11 KV line ro ute from 33/11 KV Narengi sub-station to M.E.S. Satgaon. 15. The petitioners have filed an affidavit-in-reply to the said affidavit-i n-opposition and in the said reply, have reiterated and re-affirmed the stand i n the writ petition. 16. During the course of hearing of the writ petitions, this Court on the ba sis of the submissions made by the learned counsel for the parties, thought it p rudent to constitute a Technical Committee to examine the technical feasibility of installation either of 11/33 KV transmission line over the land of the petit ioners and further, to examine the technical feasibility of re-alignment of the proposed transmission line alongside the P.W.D. road. The committee was constitu ted with the Chief Electrical Inspector-cum-Advisor, Government of Assam and Sub -Divisional Engineer, Narengi. Direction was issued to the committee to examine the matter in detail in presence of the parties. Direction was also issued to e xamine the question relating to endangering of human life and property. Pursuant to the aforesaid direction of this Court, the committee has gone to the site, m et people there including the petitioners and officials of the respondents. The committee has also considered the technical feasibility of drawing the High Tens ion Electricity Lines. On the basis of such exercise, the committee in its repor t after giving the brief background of the case and finding during the enquiry a nd also the consideration based for determination of the issue has concluded as follows :- CONCLUSION After perusing the available records of the case and findings in site inspection , it is evident that a new 33KV line from Narengi Sub Station to MES, Satgaon is required to be drawn to cater the demand of power by MES to the tune of 3480 KV A. The presently existing 11 KV line feeding 2000 KW power to MES is not capabl e to carry the additional power required by MES. Moreover, as the existing line has become old and was drawn long back, the vertical and horizontal clearances b etween the line conductors and ground level and parts of newly constructed house s have reduced considerably in may places. Immediate actions are to be initiated by the LAEDCL/ASEB to increase the said vertical and horizontal clearances of s uch HV lines drawn in the area along with adequate space along alignment for ope ration and maintenance in the interest of public safety and also to prevent cons truction of any structure below and in prohibited proximity of such lines, compl ying with the statutory safety requirements. ousing In the instant case, the Committee is of the opinion tha t drawing a new 33 KV overhead line along the alignment of the existing MES 11 K V line in composite manner will be possible, if necessary safe clearances are ma intained between the conductors of the overhead line, ground level and nearby bu ildings/structure with proper Right of Way and prior statutory approval from app ropriate Government under Section 68 of the Electricity Act, 2003 for such insta lling and keeping installed above ground the over head line of voltage exceeding 11 kilovolts. The alignment of the existing 11 KV MES line across the petitione r’s land may be used by replacing the old supports with appropriate supports for drawing of composite line maintaining a safe vertical and horizontal clearances and installing appropriate safety devices there for. Alternatively, avoiding the plots of lands of the petitioners, a few spans of 33 KV overhead line may be drawn along the existing PWD/Public road at Seujnagar f rom the road near petitioner’s house up to the boundary wall of the Oil India Li mited, with adequate space for erecting the supports and fixing necessary stay w ires in the route and installing appropriate safety devices there for. But, it a ppears that the space required for drawing such a line will not be available al ong the said road, especially due to presence of several curves of the road that require fitment of additional supports and stay wires to keep the line structur es at place. However, as the existing line is also used for power supply to two other consume rs, arrangements are to be made for strengthening and maintaining Right of Way e ven in case the old line is not used any further for power supply to MES. Dated Guwahati the 25th June 2008 Enclosed : Annexure-1 Members of the Technical Committee Sd/- Sd/- (H.K. Buzarbaruah ) ( S. Baruah ) Sub-Divisional Engineer Chief Electrical Inspector- Narengi Electrical Sub-Division -cum-Adviser, LAEDCL, Narengi Government of Assam 17. The respondents have filed an additional affidavit and in the said affid avit, they have highlighted the difficulties on drawing the 33 KV line through S euj Nagar road, as has been proposed by the petitioners. Such difficulties are - (i) If the line is to be diverted through Seuj Nagar Road then diversion has to start from already constructed line support No.4 (installed at a distance of 23 0 meter from Narengi substation of ASEB) by taking a 900 turn towards east and t his point has a juncture of 3 roads. (ii) The line will then go straight towards Seuj Nagar by road side and stop near the Namghar. The length of this straight line is 83.0 meter (approximately ). Thereafter the line will again take 900 turn towards south and proceed along the eastern road side of newly developed Seuj Nagar Road (with 5 meter approx.) . This is also at a juncture point of 3 roads. (iii) The road has taken a curvature of 1600 (approx.) by traversing a lengt h of 90 meter (near the house named Alakananda) from the previous turning point near Namghar. (iv) Thereafter, the line will again go straight to next curvature at a dista nce of 46 meter from the previous point. This curvature have a wide angle of 160 approximately. (v) Thereafter the line will go straight towards wall of Oil India Limited a nd this line will only meet the new 33 KV line already constructed along the wal l of Oil India Limited. A 4-pole structure shall be needed in this position to n egotiate curvature of about 1200. There is no space to fix stay wire in this pos ition for having a wall of Oil India Limited nearby. (vi) 4 Pole structures will have to be erected where the line will take sharp turn around 900. The 4 pole structure of 3.0 meter width (with standard 3.2 met er horizontal iron channel) at three points where the line take a sharp turn and will cover an area of 9.0 square meter. These 4 pole structures will cover a p ortion of road at turning point of road and also at junction point of roads. Th ere will be requirement of fitting of stay wires in these structures. At least 4 numbers of stay wires will have to be fitted to neutralize the force exerted on each structure due to tensions of the lines coming from two directions. These s tay wires will have to be fitted either on the road or inside the private campus on the road side. There are two numbers of wide curvature in the Seuj Nagar road where Double pole structures will have to be erected. Stay wires will have to be fitted inside th e private boundaries to neutralize the force on structure. Moreover, there will be difficulty of erecting posts along roadside due to presence of water pipes, d rains, telephone cables in this developed area. Alternatively, requirement of 4 pole structures can be reduced to 3 (pole) structure by utilizing more stay wir es. But fitting of stay wires will not be possible as that will enter into priva te compounds. 18. In paragraph 5 of the said affidavit, it has been stated that the respon dent-Board will take maximum safety measures in drawing the composite line in th e existing proposed area and it will ensure more safety to the petitioners and o ther residents. Thus, it has been urged that it is technically advisable to draw the line through the existing line in public interest. 19. The respondents have filed a further affidavit on 3.7.2009 enclosing the rewith Annexure-’B’ and ’C’ letters dated 20.3.2007 and 9.7.2007 addressed to th e respondent-authority by the Garrison Engineer, M.E.S. By the first letter, the Garrison Engineer emphasized on laying of proposed 33 KV line on the same align ment under which the present 11 KV line is passing through in order to avoid any problem whatsoever. By the second letter dated 9.7.2007, the Garrison Engineer emphasized the need for early construction of the 33 KV feeder. Referring to the se two letters, it is the contention of the petitioners that the stand of the re spondents in its first affidavit that there was objection from the Garrison Engi neer, is not correct. 20. In the additional affidavit filed by the respondents, apart from highlig hting the difficulties on drawing the 33 KV line through Seuj Nagar road, as sug gested by the petitioners, it has also been stated that the following measures w ill be taken to ensure the safety in drawing the composite line through the occu pied land of the petitioners and others. (a) SP 76 type steel tubular poles have been used in the line. The height of th is type of 33 KV poles is 14.5 meters and height above ground level is 12.5 mete rs. The present height of the existing 11 KV line has come down to 4 meters appr oximately due to development of land by the petitioners without intimating the B oard. The 33 KV line will remain at a height of 10.5 meters upto 12.5 meters fr om ground. (b) The composite 11 KV line will be kept at a height of 8.5 meters above ground. (c) One cradle ground will be given along the line in the disputed portion b elow the 11 KV line as a protection against snapping of line. (d) The deponent further states that at present necessary protection system has been installed at 33/11 KV Narengi substation for the 33 KV line viz. for ea rth fault and over current fault for automatic disconnection of the line instant aneously on the occurrence of short circuit. This type of protection system is a lready operating in the 11 KV line. Beside this, the poles will be earthed for q uick response of earth fault protection system. The same protection will cover t he composite line proposed to be taken over petitioner’s land. 21. When the argument was made that under Section 68 of the Electricity Act, 2003, the prior approval of the State Government is required for installation o r kept installed above ground and overhead line, the State Government filed its affidavit on 26.3.2009. In the said affidavit, it has been stated that the Gover nment of Assam in the Power Department did not take any decision in the matter a s the same was subjudice before this Court. As per the said affidavit, the State Government was waiting for the report of the Technical Committee and that the S tate Government would abide by any direction, which may be issued in this procee ding. It is on record that the Government of Assam in the Power Department has c onveyed its decision vide letter dated 17.7.2009 addressed to the learned Sr. Go vt. Advocate, Assam that the Government has already approved the 33 KV overhead electricity supply line from 33/11 KV Narengi sub-station to M.E.S. sub-station inside the Army Cantonment, Satgaon as per the provision of Section 68 of the El ectricity Act, 2003 along the alignment, as proposed by the respondent-authority subject to compliance with the safety provisions as per rules. Along with the s aid letter, the copy of the letter dated 16.7.2009 addressed to the respondent a uthority by the Government of Assam in the Power (Electricity) Department under the signature of the Deputy Secretary conveying the approval of the proposed lin e has also been enclosed. 22. The additional fact, which is required to be taken note of is that the private respondents have filed Misc. Case No.2368/2008 praying for vacation/alt eration/modification of the interim order dated 29.5.2008 passed in the writ pet ition. By the said interim order, direction was issued for furnishing the abovem entioned report by the appointed Technical Committee. It is the case of the priv ate respondents that the proposed diversion is not required and that the propose d 33 KV line can be drawn on the existing line and diversion of the same through the thickly populated area will endanger the lives and properties of the said l ocality. In the Misc. Application, it has been stated that the during plotting of the land, a safe distance from the tension line was maintained and that the a rea below the High Tension Line was not allotted to any one. However, in due co urse, few people including the petitioners unlawfully encroached upon the land b elow the existing 11 KV line, which is restricted area as per the Indian Electri city Rules, 1996 and illegally constructed Assam Type houses thereon, which was never sold to them by the Assam State Housing Board nor any permission had been obtained for constructing such houses. 23. I have heard Mr. A.K. Bhattacharyya, learned Sr. counsel assisted by Mr. A. Choudhury, learned counsel for the petitioners and so also, Mr. B.D. Das, le arned Standing Counsel, Assam State Electricity Board. I have also heard Mr. G.N . Sahewalla, learned Sr. counsel assisted by Md. Aslam, learned counsel represen ting the Respondents o.11 to 34 i.e. the private respondents, who have filed the aforesaid Misc. Case No.2368/2008. I have also gone through the entire material s on record. 24. On being pointed out as to how the writ Court can adjudicate a matter in volving disputed facts and in absence of any expertise as to the feasibility or otherwise of the proposed action plan of the respondents, Mr. Bhattacharyya, lea rned counsel for the petitioners, upon a reference to the aforesaid provisions o f Section 68 of the Electricity Act, 2003, submitted that in absence of any prio r approval from the Government towards drawing the 33 KV High Tension Lines, the Assam State Electricity Board must not be allowed to draw the said line. To emp hasize on the consequence of not obtaining prior approval, he has placed relianc e on the following decisions :- 1. AIR 1961 SC 1026 (Commissioner of Income Tax, Bihar & Orissa v. Maharaja Pratapsingh Bahadur of Gidhaur); 2. (1975) 3 SCC 76 (Md. Shujat Ali v. Union of India); 3. (1981) 3 SCC 659 (State of Mysore v. R. Basappa); 4. (1986) Supp. SCC 584 (T.R. Kapur v. State of Haryana); 5. (1994) 5 SCC 686 (State of U.P. v. Rajiv Gupta); 6. (1995) 1 SCC 465 (Director of Education v. Gajadhar Prasad Verma); 7. (1995) 2 SCC 677 (H.M.T. House Building Co-op. Society v. Syed Khader); 8. (1995) 4 SCC 301 (Shabi Construction Co. v. City & Industrial Developmen t Corporation); 9. (1995) Supp 1 SCC 587 (State of M.P. v. Krishnadas Tikaram); 10. (1997) 8 SCC 732 (Kalpnath Rai v. State); 11. (2001) 10 SCC 597 (State of A.P. v. A. Sathyanarayana) and - 12. (2004) 7 SCC 696 (Ganesh Rajaram Dube v. State of Maharashtra). 25. In the aforesaid decisions, the principles relating to obtaining prior a pproval and the consequence of not obtaining the same, have been discussed. The said decisions are on various fields. According to Mr. Bhattacharyya, learned co unsel for the petitioners, the requirement of prior approval being mandatory, th ere cannot be any deviation from such mandatory provisions by providing any ex p ost facto approval. All the aforesaid decisions are on the question of consequen ce of not obtaining the prior approval and it has been held that in absence of prior approval as per the requirement of law, the action taken or proposed must be held to be without