IN THE HIGH COURT OF JUDICATURE AT BOMBAY IN THE HIGH COURT OF JUDICATURE AT BOMBAY IN THE HIGH COURT OF JUDICATURE AT BOMBAY APPELLATE SIDE APPELLATE SIDE APPELLATE SIDE CRIMINAL REVISION APPLICATION NO. 117 OF 2003 CRIMINAL REVISION APPLICATION NO. 117 OF 2003 CRIMINAL REVISION APPLICATION NO. 117 OF 2003 1. Nagoji Jyotiba Nikam, 2. Mrs.Mangal Nagoji Nikam. ... Applicants. V/s. 1. Vishwanath Bandu Jadhav, 2. Gunvantibai Bandu Jadhav, 3. State of Maharashtra. ... Respondents. Ms.Gunjan Shah i/b. S.A.Sawant and H.V.Kode for the applicant. Respondent Nos.1 and 2 absent though served. J.P.Yagnik, A.P.P. for respondent No.3-State. CORAM: V.C.DAGA, J. CORAM: V.C.DAGA, J. CORAM: V.C.DAGA, J. DATED: 22nd July 2008. DATED: 22nd July 2008. DATED: 22nd July 2008. JUDGMENT : JUDGMENT : JUDGMENT : -------- -------- -------- . Heard learned counsel for the applicant and learned A.P.P. for the State. 2. This revision application is directed against the order dated 8th October, 2002 passed in Sessions Case No.398/2002 by the Additional Sessions Judge, Greater Bombay acquitting the accused of the offences punishable under sections 498 -A, 302 and 304 read with section 34 of Indian Penal Code (I.P.C.) The Facts : The Facts : The Facts : --------- --------- --------- 3. The factual matrix reveals that the deceased was one Smt.Veena Vishwanath Chavan. The husband of the deceased and her mother-in-law both were prosecuted by N.M.Marg Police Station for the offences punishable under sections 498-A, 302 and 304 read with section 34 of I.P.C. on the allegation that the deceased, who was wife of the accused No.1, was subjected to cruelty as her parents could not fulfil demands made by both accused for Rs.10,000/- cash; watch and other articles. 4. The Police Officer, after receiving message on the day of incident that one lady is admitted in the hospital, went to the hospital and recorded the statement of the victim suffering from suicidal burns; wherein she stated that she was fed up with ill treatments given to her by both the accused. The deceased, thereafter, changed her version and charged her husband and mother-in-law for setting her on fire by pouring kerosene on her person. The offence, initially, was registered under sections 498-A read with section 306 of I.P.C. Later on, in view of the death of the victim, accused were charged under sections 498-A and 302 of I.P.C. They were arrested. Spot panchanama was recorded. The dead body was sent for post-mortem. Inquest panchanama of the dead body - 3 - was recorded. Statements of the witnesses were recorded. After collecting medical evidence, both accused were chargesheeted. As the offence punishable under section 302 was exclusively triable by the Court of Sessions, the case was committed to the Sessions Court for trial. 5. The Sessions Court, after perusing the record framed charges under sections 498-A read with section 34 of I.P.C., and under section 306 read with section 34 of I.P.C. In alternate, charges under sections 302 and 304-B read with section 34 of I.P.C. were also framed against the accused. Same were explained to them. Both accused pleaded not guilty of the charges and claimed to be tried. The defence of the accused was that of total denial. 6. The learned Sessions Judge after full trial acquitted the accused of the offences for which they were charged. The acquittal was recorded by an order dated 8th December,2002. 7. Being aggrieved by the aforesaid order, the present revision is filed by the parents of the deceased. - 4 - The Submissions : The Submissions : The Submissions : --------------- --------------- --------------- 8. Ms.Shah, learned counsel appearing for the applicants submits that the learned Session Judge recorded acquittal on perverse appreciation of evidence without considering factual evidence and the circumstances available on record. She further submits that the dying declarations of the deceased were not appreciated in its proper perspective, with the result, perversity has crept in the impugned judgment warranting interference at the hands of this Court in its revisional jurisdiction. 9. Ms.Shah further submits that the father of the deceased (P.W.1) has in unequivocal terms deposed that, initially, after marriage, the relations between his daughter and her husband were good. However, after four months thereof the husband and his mother started ill treating the victim alleging that she was unsophisticated bad girl. That she did not bring sufficient dowry. This fact was intimated by the deceased to her father. She also informed her father that her husband was demanding Rs.10,000/- in cash; one HMT Watch; and Laxmi Necklace. The witness (P.W.1) has further deposed that, he had advised his - 5 - son-in-law (accused No.1) to live peacefully and assured him that his demands will be fulfilled in future. The said witness has further stated that on the fatal day he received a telephone call from K.E.M. Hospital that his daughter was suffering from burn injuries and that she was admitted in the hospital. He, therefore, along with his wife and son rushed to K.E.M. Hospital and found that his daughter was on saline. Her mother-in-law was present in the hospital, who was threatening her. The mother-in-law was requested to go out. The deceased told her father that she was tied to tap in the bathroom. Her mother-in-law poured kerosene on her person. Her husband set her on fire. Thereafter, bathroom was latched from outside. This incident, according to the witness (P.W.1), took place on Sunday at 5.00 a.m. His daughter told him that the accused had threatened her that unless she gives him divorce, her father and brother would also be murdered. 10. The learned counsel appearing for the applicants also relied upon the evidence of mother of the deceased (P.W.2); and the doctor (P.W.3) who had examined the victim. She has also placed reliance on evidence of the uncle of the deceased (P.W.4) and - 6 - another doctor (P.W.5) in support of her submission to contend that the second dying declaration ought to have been relied upon by the Sessions Court; wherein she had categorically charged her husband and mother-in-law of the offences under sections 498-A and 302 of I.P.C. 11. Learned counsel for the applicants also urged that in the entire judgment there is hardly any appreciation of evidence so far as the offence charged under section 498-A is concerned. She submits that there is clinching evidence on record to convict the accused of the offence under section 498-A of I.P.C. 12. The learned counsel for the applicants further placed reliance on the judgment of the Apex Court in the case of Laxman v. State of Maharashtra Laxman v. State of Maharashtra Laxman v. State of Maharashtra, (2002) 6 SCC 710; Vikas v. State of Maharashtra Vikas v. State of Maharashtra Vikas v. State of Maharashtra, (2008) 2 SCC 516; and Som Nath v. State of Haryana Som Nath v. State of Haryana Som Nath v. State of Haryana, (1980) 3 SCC 301 to support the contention that the second dying declaration could not have been discarded from the consideration by the trial Court. 13. Learned counsel for the applicants also pressed into service presumption under section 113A of - 7 - the Evidence Act to contend that as envisaged a presumption ought to have been raised against the accused and both of them ought to have been convicted of the offence under section 302 of I.P.C. or, at any rate, under section 304-B of I.P.C. (dowry death). Alternatively, it is urged that under section 498-A of I.P.C. conviction ought to have been recorded. At the cost of repetition, learned counsel for the applicants submits that the charges framed stated that the deceased had been subjected to cruelty and harassment which, ultimately, resulted in her dowry death. She placed reliance on the judgment of the Apex Court in the case of K.Prema S.Rao v. Yadla K.Prema S.Rao v. Yadla K.Prema S.Rao v. Yadla Srinivasa Rao Srinivasa Rao Srinivasa Rao, (2003) 1 SCC 217 in support of her submission. She further urged that the defence of the accused was of total denial. Therefore, presumption under section 113-B of the Evidence Act remain unrebuted. If that be so, in her submission, no acquittal could have been recorded by the Sessions Court. She placed reliance on the Apex Court judgment in case of State of Karnataka v. M.V.Manjunath Gowda State of Karnataka v. M.V.Manjunath Gowda State of Karnataka v. M.V.Manjunath Gowda, (2003) 3 SCC 188. 14. The learned A.P.P. appearing for the State supported the submissions made by leaned counsel for - 8 - the applicants. In spite of service, nobody remained present on behalf of respondent Nos.1 and 2- accused. Consideration : Consideration : Consideration : ------------- ------------- ------------- 15. At the outset, having heard learned counsel for the applicants and learned A.P.P. for the State, I may mention that there are multiple dying declarations. The first dying declaration came to be recorded on 18th February, 2001 at 10.30 hours before the Police Sub-Inspector of N.M.Joshi Marg Police Station; wherein she has stated that, "..... On the date 17/2/2001 I had returned to my matrimonial house from my parents’ house at Kalwa. In the night at about 10.00 O’clock, my husband picked up a quarrel with me saying that he did not like me and that he wanted to marry a beautiful girl and asked for a divorce from me for that purpose. But as I did not want to divorce my husband and as he was forcing me to divorce him, it caused me lot of mental torture and due to which, I could not even sleep for the whole night. On the date 18/2/01 at about 5.45 in the morning, I decided to end my life getting fed up of mental torture being caused by my husband and therefore when I saw that my mother-in-law had been to fetch milk and my husband and father-in-law were sleeping, I poured kerosene on my person from the can in the house and set myself ablaze. But when I started feeling burns, I started shouting. At that time my husband and neighbours extinguished the fire by pouring water on my person and by covering me with bedsheets and then took me to KEM Hospital....." - 9 - In second dying declaration recorded on the same date, i.e. 18th February, 2001 at 17.00 hours, the deceased has stated that, On this day the date 18/1/2001 at about 05-30 hours at down, when I rose, my mother-in-law emptied the can full of kerosene on my head and my husband struck match-stick and set me on fire and therefore, I lodge complaint against my husband and mother-in-law. In the third dying declaration recorded on 19th February, 2001 before the Police Inspector, N.M.Joshi Marg Police Station, she has stated that, On the date 18/2/2001 while I was being admitted in K.E.M.Hospital my mother-in-law had threatened me and therefore, I, in my first statement, have mentioned that mother-in-law had gone to fetch milk and in the subsequent statement I have mentioned that my mother-in-law poured kerosene on my person and my husband lit a matchstick and set me ablaze. In the fourth dying declaration recorded by Dr.Satish Javali on 23rd February, 2001 at 12.30 p.m., the deceased has stated that, In furtherance of the statement given by me to the Police on the date 18/02/2001 at 17.00 hrs in the evening, today, the date 23/02/2001, I hereby give statement that in the Statement given by me on the date 18/02/2001, I have - 10 - stated that my mother-in-law poured kerosene on my person and my husband struck a matchstick and set me on fire and I do not want to make any change in the said statement. 16. Having seen all four dying declarations, I concur with the view taken by the Courts below that there are two different stories leading to death emerged. One is suicidal and another is homicidal. The incident took place on 18th February, 2001 at the residence of the accused. There are two dying declarations of the suicidal burn, one is in the form of history given by the deceased and other is recorded by the P.S.I.(P.W.10). After appreciating all these dying declarations, the trial Court in ultimate analysis held that the prosecution failed to prove whether death was homicidal or suicidal. The benefit of doubt was, therefore, given to the accused holding it neither suicidal death nor homicidal in the light of evidence brought on record. 17. The appreciation of evidence done by the Sessions Court cannot be faulted. The Sessions Court has taken into account each and every circumstances and has rightly acquitted the accused of the offences punishable under sections 302 and 304 read with section 34 of I.P.C. - 11 - 18. Having said so, now the question remains: Whether the acquittal recorded by the Sessions Court of the offence punishable under section 498-A of I.P.C. can be sustained? 19. In my opinion, on proper of evidence, one would find that there are some grains of cruelty surfaced through dying declarations but on appreciation of evidence, trial Court has recorded finding of acquittal. In the case of C.P.Fernandes v. C.P.Fernandes v. C.P.Fernandes v. Union territory of Goa, Daman & Diu Union territory of Goa, Daman & Diu Union territory of Goa, Daman & Diu, AIR 1977 SC 135, the Apex Court has ruled that the higher Court should not interfere with the trial Court’s view unless found to be unreasonable or perverse. The question is: can it be said to be a perverse finding warranting interference at the hands of this Court? Answer has to be in negative. If two views are possible on the basis of evidence on record, the higher Court should not disturb the findings of the trial Court is the settled law (see Varghese Thomas v. State of Kerala Varghese Thomas v. State of Kerala Varghese Thomas v. State of Kerala, 1977 SC 701). 20. This Court not being a Court of appeal, cannot - 12 - reappreciate evidence once again and substitute its view in exercise of revisional jurisdiction. Unless reappreciation of evidence is done, substitution of findings is not possible. Revisional jurisdiction is not only limited in scope but also is discretionary. The Court interferes in the revisional jurisdiction only in exceptional cases of flagrant miscarriage of justice as held by the Apex Court in the case of State State State of Rajasthan v. Gurucharandas Chaddha, AIR 1979 SC of Rajasthan v. Gurucharandas Chaddha, AIR 1979 SC of Rajasthan v. Gurucharandas Chaddha, AIR 1979 SC 1895. 1895. 1895. No such case is made out. 21. Having examined evidence in the light of the legal position, no fault can be found either with the appreciation of evidence or with the view taken. The view taken by the trial Court is reasonable and possible view in the facts and circumstances of the case which can be supported on the basis of evidence available on record. No perversity or unreasonable approach on the part of the trial Court could be pointed out by the applicant. 22. In the result, revision application is dismissed with no order as to costs. - 13 - JUDGE JUDGE JUDGE