IN THE HIGH COURT OF GUJARAT AT AHMEDABAD SPECIAL CIVIL APPLICATION No 5193 of 1997 For Approval and Signature: Hon'ble MR.JUSTICE H.R.SHELAT ============================================================ 1. Whether Reporters of Local Papers may be allowed to see the judgements? 2. To be referred to the Reporter or not? 3. Whether Their Lordships wish to see the fair copy of the judgement? 4. Whether this case involves a substantial question of law as to the interpretation of the Constitution of India, 1950 of any Order made thereunder? 5. Whether it is to be circulated to the Civil Judge? -------------------------------------------------------------- BALUBEN W/O NAVGHAN AMRABHAI VAGHRI: Petitioner. Versus COMMISSIONER OF POLICE: Respondents. -------------------------------------------------------------- Appearance: MR ANIL S DAVE for Petitioner Mr. S.P. Dave, AGP for Respondents. -------------------------------------------------------------- CORAM : MR.JUSTICE H.R.SHELAT Date of decision: 01/12/97 ORAL JUDGEMENT By this application under Article 226 of the Constitution of India,the petitioner calls in question the legality and validity of the detention order, passed by the Police Commissioner of Ahmedabad city on 10th July 1997, invoking the powers under Section 3(2) of the Gujarat Prevention of Anti-Social Activities Act,1985 (hereinafter referred to as `the Act'). 2. The facts which led the petitioner to prefer this application may in brief be stated. About four complaints of the offences under Section 379 read with 114 came to be lodged with Vatva police station alleging that near the religious places or the places where people gather for social or religious work or for marketing, the petitioner used to snatch away golden chains or other valuable articles from the persons of the people and thereby she was striking the terror. The petitioner being a head-strong person no one was daring to come forward and lodge the complaint or take any legal action, was also the outcome of the investigation when carried out in connection with the aforesaid four cases. After inquisition it was also found that the petitioner was the persecutor, and by her nefarious activities was creating panic in the society challenging the maintenance of public order. The petitioner used to extort money by giving threats or resorting to coercive measures, and those who did not yield to her desire, or whims, they were assaulted & beaten brutally and were then made to succumb to her whims. The people considering their safety were not coming forth to lodge complaint and have the action in accordance with law. Hearing about the petitioner known for consternating & petrifying or seeing her the people used to chevy, as they were feeling insecured. The Police Commissioner then found that to curb the anti-social activities of the petitioner and make the people to feel free there was no way out but to detain her as under general law sounding dull it was difficult to control her activities taking appropriate action. He therefore passed the order in question on 10th July 1997. Consequent upon the same the petitioner came to be arrested. 3. The petitioner has challenged the legality and validity of the order on different grounds. According to her, there is no justification to describe her as a head-strong person or a dangerous person. Necessary bail papers were not given to her for making effective representation though she was released on bail. After she was released on bail by the court, the detention order was passed, and it was only with a view to see that she was put behind bars any how. The order passed is therefore malafide. Further, assailing the order it is submitted that the particulars about the witnesses giving the statement against her ought to have been furnished to her so as to make effective representation. There was no justification to suppress the same, because for the same the requirements of Section 9(2) of the Act were not satisfied. She thus assail on the ground of non-supply of better particulars also. 4. It would be better if the law about the non-disclosure of certain facts is elucidated. Reading Article 22(5) of the Constitution of India, what becomes clear is that the grounds on which order of detention has been made are required to be communicated to the detenue against the order of detention is required to be given. The detenue is therefore required to be informed not merely factual inference and factual material which led to inference namely not to disclose the certain facts but also the sources from which the factual material is gathered. The disclosure of sources would enable the detenue to draw the attention of the detaining authority in the course of his representation to the fact whether the factual material collected from such sourses would be relied upon and used against her on the facts and circumstances of the case. Subject to the limitation mentioned in Article 22(6) of the Constitution of India and Section 9(2) of the Act the detaining authority is empowered to withhold such facts and particulars the disclosure of which he considers to be against the public interest. The privilege of non-disclosure has to be exercised sparingly and in those cases where public interest dictating non-disclosure overrides the public interest requiring disclosure. Hence the detaining authority must be fully satisfied on the basis of overall study that the apprehension expressed by the informant is honest, genuine and reasonable in the circumstances of the case. With a view to satisfy itself whether the fear of violence and consequential feelings of insecurity or apprehension of a wrong would be done to them at any time by the detenue by those making statement against the detenue is imaginary or fanciful; or an empty excuse or well-founded for disclosing or not disclosing certain facts or particulars of those persons the authority making the order has to make necessary inquiry personally. What can be deduced from such constitutional as well as legal scheme whereunder obligation to furnish the grounds and the duty to consider whether the disclosure of any facts involved therein is against public interest are both vested in the detaining authority and not in any other. The authority passing the order of detention has to apply his mind and should itself be satisfied to the question whether or not the supply of the relevant particulars and materials would be injurious to the public interest. No doubt, it is open to the authority to entrust the task of inquiry to some one fit for the purpose but in that case also he has then to study the case papers, and applying the mind he has to take his independent decision. If he mechanically endorses or accepts the recommendation of an outside or inferior authority in that behalf the exercise of power would be vitiated as arbitrary. What is further required is that the detaining authority must file his affidavit to satisfy the court that he had sincerely and honestly applied the mind for the bonafide exercise of the powers about disclosure and privilege regarding non-disclosure so that the court can examine rational connection between the ground disclosed or not disclosed in public interest. If no affidavit explaining the exercise of the power is filed, the court can infer against the detaining authority. If the affidavit is filed explaining the exercise of the power the other side may challenge the privilege exercised on the ground that the same is vitiated by factual or legal malafides. For my such view, a reference to a decision in the case of Bai Amina, w/o. Ibrahim Abdul Rahim Alla v. State of Gujarat and others - 22 G.L.R. 1186 held to be the good law by the Full Bench of this court in the case of Chandrakant N. Patel v. State of Gujarat & Others - 35 (1) [1994(1)] G.L.R. 761, may be made. 5. In view of such law made clear hereinabove, the order is not passed. Reading the order produced at Annexure `C', it becomes abundantly clear that the Commissioner of Police did not try to satisfy himself by making necessary personal enquiry applying his mind. He entrusted the work to his subordinate and fully relied upon the report made by the subordinate without any further dissection thereof which is not in consonance with the provision of Section 9(2) of the Act. The Police Commissioner ought to have after the receipt of the report from his subordinate on the basis of other materials or considering the materials before him applying the mind verified whether the fear expressed by the witnesses was honest, genuine and reasonable in the circumstances or was nothing but imaginary or fanciful or an empty excuse. When he has not accordingly verified and simply relied upon the opinion formed by his subordinate the privilege exercised cannot be said to be just and proper. In view of the fact, it can further be said that when there was no justification to exercise the discretion he ought to have so as to esteem the right of the petitioner furnished the particulars he suppressed. For want of those particulars the right of the petitioner to make effective representation is jeopardised. The continued detention, therefore, cannot be held to be illegal but the same can be termed arbitrary. In view of the fact, the order of detention is required to be quashed. 6. For the aforesaid reasons, the order of detention dated 10th July 1997 being illegal and invalid is hereby quashed. The petitioner is ordered to be released forthwith if no longer required in any other case. Rule accordingly made absolute. ......