IN THE HIGH COURT OF JUDICATURE AT MADRAS DATED: 11/09/2003 CORAM THE HONOURABLE MR. JUSTICE A. KULASEKARAN C.R.P. (NPD) No. 1250 of 2003 and C.M.P. No. 13716 of 2003 1. Duraikannu 2. Meenakshi Ammal 3. Sellammal 4. Seeniammal ... Petitioners -Vs- Malayammal ... Respondent Revision under Section 115 of C.P.C. against the Order dated 18-03-2 003 made in I.A. No. 8 of 2002 in A.S. No. 275 of 2002 on the file of the Additional District Court at Namakkal. !For Petitioners : Mr. Valliappan for M/s. Sarvabhauman Associates ^For Respondent : --- :ORDER The Plaintiffs 2 to 5 in the suit are the petitioners herein. The Plaintiffs have filed the suit O.S. No. 728 of 1987 before the Additional District Munsif, Namakkal for declaration and injunction. Before the trial court, both the plaintiffs and defendant have let in oral and documentary evidence. After considering the same, the trial court dismissed the suit. Aggrieved by the judgment and decree passed by the trial court, the petitioners herein have preferred A.S. No. 275 of 2002. Pending appeal, the petitioners have filed I.A. No. 8 of 20 02 under Order 23 Rule 1 (3) CPC seeking permission of the Court to withdraw the suit with liberty to file a fresh suit on the same cause of action. After affording opportunity to both sides, the first Appellate Court dismissed the application, which is challenged in this revision. 2. Mr. Valliappan, learned counsel appearing for the petitioners submitted that the first Appellate Court erred in dismissing the application filed under Order 23 Rule 1 (3) CPC without following the principles enunciated therein; that the Court below failed to note that the respondent herein claims title from one Pachaiyammal, wife of Marudhamuthu Udayar and the petitioners herein claim title from Pachaiyammal, Wife of Subbaraya Udayar and the identity in the names of Predecessors in title of both parties was not clarified properly in the suit; that because of the technical omission stands in the way of proper appreciation of points in issue, the petitioners were constrained to file the petition under Order 23 Rule 1 (3) CPC to withdraw the suit with the view to avoid formal defect and for making proper submission and prayed for setting aside the order passed by the first Appellate Court. 3. The learned counsel appearing for the petitioners relied on the decision of this Court reported in (Esanya Madalayam Religions Institution owned by Koviloor Muthuramalingam Gnana Desigar Madalayam, rep. by its Madathipathi Sri-la-Sri Nachiappa Gnanadesiga Samigal Vs. Thiruvannamalai Sevasramam Educational Trust, rep. by its Secretary Dr. B. Subbarayan) 1999 MLJ Volume 2 Page No.360. In this case, the plaintiff has filed two suits against the defendants for permanent injunction, when the defendants are in possession. The Plaintiff intended to file a comprehensive suit after withdrawing the earlier suits. This Court held that though in the absence of formal defect, if there is sufficient grounds or cause to withdraw the suit, hence leave could be granted by the Court. 4. This revision lies in a narrow campus. The petitioners have filed the application under Order 23 Rule 1 (3) CPC seeking permission of the Court to withdraw the suit and to file a fresh suit for the very same cause of action. Order 23 Rule 1 (3) CPC runs as follows:- "1. Withdrawal of suit or abandonment of part of claim  (3) Where the Court is satisfied- (a) that a suit must fail by reason of some formal defect, or (b) that there are sufficient grounds for allowing the plaintiff to institute a fresh suit for the subject matter of a suit or part of a claim, it may, on such terms, as it thinks fit, grant the plaintiff permission to withdraw from such suit or such part of the claim with liberty to institute a fresh suit in respect of the subject matter of such suit or such part of the claim." 5. Under Clause (b) of Order 23 Rule 1 (3), suit can be withdrawn with a liberty to sue afresh on sufficient grounds. The expression " sufficient grounds" must be read 'ejusdem generis' with clause (a) and a ground to be sufficient ground must be similar or alike to the cause mentioned in Order 23 Rule 1 (3) (a). 6. No doubt, a Court of appeal has power in a proper case to grant permission to withdraw a suit with liberty to file a fresh suit, however, such power should be used very cautiously by a Court of appeal. The Plaintiff/appellant is not entitled, as a matter of right to withdraw his suit and he will not be permitted to do so if the effect of allowing him to withdraw it would be to deprive the defendant of the benefit of the lower court's adjudication in his favour. 7. The granting of the permission to withdraw with liberty to bring a fresh suit removes the bar of resjudicata which would otherwise apply, if a fresh suit on the same cause of action is brought. Clause (3) contemplates the circumstance in which the permission could be granted by the Court on its satisfaction namely (i) a suit must fail by reason of formal defect and (ii) there are sufficient grounds for allowing the plaintiff to institute a fresh suit for the subject matter of a suit or part of a claim. 8. Formal defect means a defect of form, which is prescribed by Rules or Procedure. A defect which goes to the root of the plaintiff's claim is not a formal defect. The formal defect may be omission to obtain permission of Court to file the suit, misjoinder of parties or cause of action, failure to disclose cause of action for the Plaint, erroneous valuation of the subject matter of the suit and institution of a suit in a Court which has no jurisdiction to entertain it. 9. The other sufficient ground is that the defect must not be due to plaintiff's own fault, hence the expression 'other sufficient ground' should be construed 'ejusdem generis' with formal defect. The failure of the plaintiff to prove his own case is no ground for allowing him to withdraw his suit with liberty of suing again for the same subject matter. 10. The object of the Rule is not to enable a plaintiff, after he failed to conduct his suit with proper care and diligence and after his witnesses failed to support his case, to obtain an opportunity of commencing the trial afresh in order to avoid the result of his previous bad conduct of the case so as to prejudice the opposite party. 11. The sufficient grounds are like the evidence being not available for no fault of the plaintiff, the suit being pre-matured and the cause of action accruing pending the suit, the plaintiff has failed to put in evidence an important document and where the plaintiff had been mislead by the absence of a specific denial by the defendant. 12. After satisfaction, the Court may grant permission. The matter of granting permission under this Rule is within the discretion of the Court. The Court, when granting permission under this Rule must give its reason for granting such permission, although in the case of refusal there is no such obligation. 13. In this case, the petitioners herein wants to withdraw the suit on the ground that the respondent claims her title under a sale deed said to have been executed by one Pachiammal, wife of Marimuthu Udayar, who is no more and the petitioners herein claim their title and possession from one Pachiammal, wife of Subbaraya Udayar and that the identity of the names between two different person was not clarified properly in the suit by the lower court, hence they want to withdraw the suit as this technical omission stands in the way of enquiry of the appeal. The appellate Court found that both parties trace their title and possession of the suit property by producing so many documents, adducing oral evidence before the trial court and on the basis of the evidence by which the trial court decided the right of the parties and if the petition is allowed as prayed for, it will affect the vested right of the respondent herein and ultimately dismissed the application to withdraw the suit. 14. The respondent relied on the decision of the Supreme Court reported in (Rathinavel Chettiar Vs. Sivaraman) 1999 II CTC Page No.593 before the lower Appellate Court wherein it was held that withdrawal of suit at appellate stage having effect of destroying or nullifying the decree affecting the rights of the parties vested under the decree cannot be allowed as a matter of course and such withdrawal can be allowed only when a strong case is made out. The said decision of the Honourable Supreme Court, relied on by the respondent before the lower Appellate Court is squarely applicable to the facts and circumstance of the case. 15. As mentioned supra, the Rule is not to enable the Plaintiffs after they fail to conduct the suit with proper care and diligence, hence the lower appellate Court is right in dismissing the application to withdraw the suit. The decision relied on by the counsel for the petitioner is not applicable to the facts and circumstance of the case on hand. Therefore, interference of this Court is unwarranted. 16. With the result, the revision fails, liable to be dismissed and accordingly dismissed. No costs. Connected CMP is closed. What are all stated above need not be taken into account by the appellate Court at the time of deciding the appeal on merits. 17. The learned counsel appearing for the petitioner prays this Court to observe the right of the petitioners herein to approach the appellate Court for adducing additional evidence. Such an observation may not be required. In case such a petition is filed, it is for the appellate Court to decide the same on its own merits and in accordance with law. rsh Index : Yes Internet : Yes To The Additional District Judge Additional District Court ?IN THE HIGH COURT OF JUDICTURE AT MADRAS %Dated: 16/09/2003 *Coram The Honourable Mr. Justice V.S. SIRPURKAR and The Honourable Mr. Justice P.D. DINAKARAN +W.P. No.21071 of 2003 and W.P.Nos. 21072 to 21075 OF 2003 #S. Mohammed Ali ..... Petitioner -Vs- $1. The State of Tamil Nadu rep. by Secretary to Government Public (SC) Department Fort St. George Chennai 600 009 2. The Commissioner of Customs Airport, Chennai 600 027 3. Union of India, rep. by its Secretary, Ministry of Finance Department of Revenue New Delhi ..... Respondents Petitions under Art.226 of the Constitution of India, praying for a Writ of Certiorarified Mandamus as stated in the petitions !For Petitioner :: Mr. K. Subramaniam, S.C. for Mohammed Shafi ^For Respondents :: Mr. I.Subramaniam, Public Prosecutor/S.C. assisted by Mr. A. Navaneethakrishnan Addl. Public Prosecutor :ORDER V.S. SIRPURKAR, J. All the above-mentioned five writ petitions shall be disposed of by this common judgment. 2. Petitioner herein seeks to quash the orders passed by the respondents dated 25-4-2003 and 15-2-2001 whereby the pre-detention representations of the petitioner were rejected. By the first order, the petitioners representation dated 17-6-2002 was dealt with while, by the second mentioned order, the subsequent four representations dated 7-7-2002, 9-8-2002, 25-9-2002 and 22-10-2002 were disposed of. These representations were made by the petitioner praying therein that a detention order dated 15-2-2001 passed under the Conservation of Foreign Exchange and Prevention of Smuggling Activities Act, 1974 (in short COFEPOSA) should not be executed and should be cancelled. Following facts will highlight the controversy involved in these unusual writ petitions. 3. Petitioner, who claims to be a lawyer, holds a licence as an accredited overseas recruiting agent, which licence is granted by the Ministry of Labour, Government of India. Petitioner has been holding this licence right from 1984. He was intercepted at Anna International Airport, Chennai on 10-12-2000, when he was on his way to Malaysia. He claimed that he was going there in pursuance of his business and that on 11th and 12th December, he had sent sixty workers to Malaysia for the purpose of employment. He claimed that he was carrying the amount of those sixty persons and thus he was carrying with him US$1 1700 in the denominations of US$100s, US$50s and US$20s. This amount was obviously not declared by him and he was therefore arrested by the officials of the Enforcement Wing. He was also charged with an offence under Sec.135-1A of the Customs Act and was put behind the bars. He claims that on this basis, an order for his detention came to be passed under COFEPOSA. 3.1. He did not wait for being served with the order of detention, which was tried to be served upon him and approached this Court vide W.P. No.3212 of 2001 on 16-2-2001. An interim order of status quo came to be passed in the said writ petition on 20th April 2001. Needless to mention that in the meantime, the respondents could not nab him. Ultimately, the writ petition came to be decided on 5-6-200 2, whereby the writ petition was dismissed relying on the reported decision of the Supreme Court in Government of India v. Alka Subash Gadia (1992 Supp. (1) 496). The Division Bench (Jagadeesan and Murugesan, JJ.) gave a categorical finding therein that the petitioners case did not fall under any of the eventualities contemplated under the decision of Alka Subash Gadia, cited supra, so as to enable him to move a writ petition even before the order of detention was served against him. The Division Bench also took notice of the latter decisions of the Supreme Court in SAYED TAHER BAWAMIYA v. JOINT SECRETARY (2000 [8] SCC 630) and UNION OF INDIA v. MUNEESH SUNEJA (2001 [3] SCC 92) and came to the conclusion that the writ petition was liable to be dismissed. It was also observed by the Bench, relying on UNION OF INDIA v. PARASMAL RAMPURIA (1998 [8] SCC 402) that the petitioner was bound to surrender before the petition could be entertained. 3.2. However, in the last paragraph of the judgment, the Division Bench observed that it was open to the petitioner to make a representation after the receipt of the order of the High Court to the concerned authority and that such representation was bound to be considered as to whether the order of detention had to be implemented in view of the lapse of time by taking into consideration the subsequent conduct of the petitioner coupled with his explanation offered for possession of foreign and Indian currency while he was bound to leave India. This judgment was delivered on 5-6-2002. However, the petitioner was not arrested. The petitioner, accordingly, made the first representation on 17-6-2002. He also made four other representations on 7 -7-2002, 9-8-2002, 25-9-2002 and 22-10-2002. 3.3. These five representations were considered and rejected by the order dated 27-11-1002. However, the said order of rejection was challenged in W.P. No.44378 of 2002 on the ground that the order of rejection was not a speaking order. The Division Bench of this Court again passed an order on 30-1-2003, directing the respondents to consider the first representation alone on the ground that they had directed the petitioner to file only one representation. Accordingly, on 25-4-2003, the first representation dated 17-6-2002 was rejected. 3.4. Before this, the Government had challenged the first order of the Division Bench by way of a Special Leave Petition but, that was dismissed in limine. After the rejection of the representation, the petitioner filed a writ petition under Art.32 of the Constitution, which was registered as W.P.(Crl.) No.90 of 2003. This was disposed of by order dated 23-6-2003. The petitioner also filed S.L.P. No.2219 of 2003 against the decision of this Court dated 30-1-2003 wherein, this Court had directed to decide only the first representation of the petitioner, ignoring the subsequent four representations made by him. This Special Leave Petition and W.P. No.90 of 2003 came to be disposed of on 23-6-2003. The Supreme Court therein observed that the part of the High Courts order directing the respondents not to consider the petitioners subsequent four representations could not be sustained. The Court directed the first respondent to dispose of the said four representations also and further directed that the order of detention should not be executed till the disposal of the four representations. As regards the writ petition filed by the petitioner, i.e. W.P. (Crl.) No.90 of 2003, the Supreme Court directed the petitioner to withdraw the said writ petition with liberty to move the High Court in the event of an occasion arising for that purpose. 3.5. On 17-7-2003, the respondents passed separate orders and rejected the petitioners four subsequent representations. Now the petitioner has come up by way of the present writ petitions challenging those orders by which, the respondents have rejected the representations. In the present writ petitions, the petitioner has claimed a Writ of Certiorarified Mandamus for quashing the orders of rejection and for forbearing the respondents from executing the order of detention dated 15-2-2001 passed by the respondents. 4. Learned senior counsel, Shri K. Subramaniam, appearing on behalf of the petitioner, contended before us that all these orders were liable to be quashed and the respondents were bound to cancel the detention order passed owing to the towering delay in execution of the detention order. Learned counsel contended that the live-link between the incident, on which the detention was based, and the necessity to detain the petitioner was already snapped because of this towering delay and that the respondents were in error in not realising this. 5. Learned counsel also fell back on the first order of this Court wherein, the writ petition of the petitioner was dismissed and canvassed that this Court had specifically directed to taken into consideration the subsequent conduct of the petitioner before considering the representations made by him and that the orders were silent about the said subsequent conduct. Learned counsel pointed out that there was nothing done by the petitioner contrary to law so as to attract the provisions of the COFEPOSA. It was also tried to be urged that there was total apathy on the part of the authorities to nab the petitioner though the petitioner was not protected by the stay order either from this Court or from the Apex Court and, there was absolutely no explanation regarding the same. This itself suggested that there was, in reality, no necessity by the Department to clamp the detention order against the petitioner. It was also tried to be suggested that there was no material furnished for the subjective satisfaction of the concerned authority regarding the necessity of executing the order. Learned counsel also urged that the detention was based on solitary incident and as such could not be justified in law and that the authorities had failed to consider this aspect while disposing of the representations. 6. As against this, leanred Additional Public Prosecutor again reiterated the decisions of Alka Subash Gadia, Sayed Taher Bawamiya, Muneesh Sunerja and Parasmal Rampuria, cited supra. It was pointed out by the learned Public Prosecutor that the writ petitions now could not be entertained questioning the correctness or otherwise of the reasons given by the respondents to reject the representations. It was pointed out by the learned Public Prosecutor that what was actually being done by the petitioner was to challenge the detention order itself as if the detention order was not only passed but served also. Learned Public Prosecutor based his arguments mainly on the theory that what was contemplated under Art.22(5) of the Constitution was a  representation, which was of post-detention nature, and that there was no scope to make the representation even before the order of detention was passed or as the case may be served upon the detenu. Learned Public Prosecutor urges that the representations made by the detenu could not be treated on par with the representation contemplated under Art.22(5) of the Constitution complaining against the detention. According to the learned Public Prosecutor, a writ petition was permissible only to the extent as stated in the above-mentioned four Supreme Court judgments and more particularly Alka Subash Gadia case, which law was fossilised by the Supreme Court in Muneesh Suneja case, cited supra. Learned counsel pointed out that thereafter there was no change in the law at all. 7. On this backdrop, it has to be seen as to whether the petitioner can successfully challenge the impugned orders dated 25-4-2003 and 17-7-2003. All these orders were separately passed, considering the petitioners representations individually. A cursory glance at the individual orders passed by the respondents, rejecting the representations, suggests that not only have the authorities considered these representations in detail but, have given equally detailed reasons for arriving at the conclusions that they did. The orders are in the nature of parawise remarks and it is pointed out in all the orders that it was the petitioner who was to be blamed for not being nabbed in time. When we take into consideration the first order dated 17-7-2003 in respect of the second representation dated 7-7-2002, the authorities have explained as to why the order could not be executed against the petitioner. They have also categorically denied the claim of the petitioner to revoke the detention. There can be no doubt that the petitioner had a right under Sec.11 of COFEPOSA. However, in view of the language of Sec.11 that a detention order could at any time be revoked or modified, there does not appear to be any scope to hold that the pre-detention representations were not possible to be made at all. Perhaps, bearing this in mind, this Court in its first judgment had held that if it was felt, the detenu could make the representations and that those representations were bound to be considered by the detaining authority. 8. During the whole debate, learned counsel for the petitioner did not assail the orders on their merits questioning the reasons given to reject the representations. The main thrust of the argument was that firstly the order, if made, was illegal and that the fact that the order was passed in 2001 and was not served for more than three years was sufficient for the authorities to revoke the said order or rather to put it straight, the authorities were bound to revoke the said order, considering the towering delay. We have to, therefore, consider mainly as to whether it is now possible to question those reasons by way of a writ petition and what would be the scope of the writ petition and whether it would be permissible to examine the reasons and to hold on that basis that the detention order was not justified or that the said detention order should be revoked. 9. There is a common thread in all the orders that the detention order against the petitioner could not be executed for two reasons, viz. firstly, due to petitioners concealment and secondly, the orders passed by this Court and the Supreme Court wherein there was a clear-cut injunction against the respondents to execute the detention order. We are of the clear opinion that the scope to consider such a petition would be extremely limited and that this Court would not and could not go into the correctness or otherwise of the reasons. In our considered opinion, this Court will desist from going into the  merits of the reasons, atleast at this stage, when the detention order is not even served on the detenu and when the detenu has not surrendered and when the liberty of the detenu has not been jeopardised. 10. In K.M. ABDULLA KUNHI AND ABDUL KHADER v. UNION OF INDIA ( AIR 1991 SC 574), the Apex Court considered the necessity of the reasons rejecting the representation. In paragraph 19 of the said judgment, the Apex Court observed as follows: This has been explained in Hardhan