IN THE HIGH COURT OF JUDICATURE AT MADRAS DATED : 09.02.2010 CORAM THE HONOURABLE MR. JUSTICE. C.S.KARNAN C.M.A.No.2069 of 2008 1.Saroja 2.Thangavel .. Appellants/Claimants Vs Tamil Nadu State Transport Corporation Ltd., Salem Division-II Dharmapuri rep.by its Managing Director .. Respondent/Respondent Appeal filed under Section 173 of the Motor Vehicles Act, 1988, against the Award and Decree, dated 06.11.2007, made in M.C.O.P.No.706 of 2005, on the file of the Motor Accident Claims Tribunal, 1st Additional District Court, Krishnagiri. For appellants : Mr.P.Mani For respondent : Mrs.B.Vijayalakshmi J U D G M E N T The above Civil Miscellaneous Appeal has been filed by the appellants/claimants against the Award and Decree, dated 06.11.2007, made in M.C.O.P.No.706 of 2005, on the file of the Motor Accident Claims Tribunal, 1st Additional District Court, Krishnagiri, awarding a compensation of Rs.3,21,000/- with 7.5% interest per annum, from the date of filing petition till the date of payment of compensation. 2.Aggrieved by the said Award and Decree, the appellants/claimants, the parents of the deceased Saravanan, who had died in the road accident, have filed this appeal praying for an additional compensation of Rs.1,00,000/-. 3.The short facts of the case are as follows: On 13.12.2004, about 12 noon, the (deceased) Saravanan boarded the bus bearing registration No.TN29 N1046, belonging to the respondent, at Dharmapuri bus stand and he had to travel near the rear side foot board of the bus, by holding on to the iron bar, on account of heavy crowd in the bus. The deceased Saravanan and his brother Shanmugam got tickets for travelling up to Naickankottai. When the bus was proceeding towards Kambanallur in Dharmapuri to Tiruppattur Highways road and nearing the house of Annamalai at Vellalapatti, the driver of the bus drove the bus in a rash and https://hcservices.ecourts.gov.in/hcservices/ negligent manner with great speed and without bothering about the pits in the road and consequently, the wheels of the bus ran over a pit and there was a sever jotting caused to the bus. As on result, the deceased Saravanan, who was standing near the rear side foot board of the bus, was thrown away out of the footboard and fell down, and sustained fatal injuries over his head and died on the spot. 4.Prior to the accident, the deceased was carrying out agricultural operations in 3 Acres of land and contributing his physical labour for raising the crops and was earning minimum income of Rs.2,500/- per month. He was also doing the job of blacksmith and earning a sum of Rs.2,000/- per month. The petitioners were solely dependent on the earnings of the deceased Saravanan for their livelihood. Hence, the petitioners have claimed a compensation of Rs.6,00,000/- from the respondent, the owner of the said bus involved in the accident. 5.Regarding the said accident, the Madhitonpalayam Police Station has registered a criminal case in Crime No.394/2004 under Sections 279, 337, 338 and 304(A) of I.P.C. 6.The respondent, the Managing Director, Tamil Nadu State Transport Corporation Ltd., Dharmapuri, in his Counter has resisted the claim and has not admitted the manner of the accident as alleged in the claim. It has been submitted that the driver of the bus drove the bus slowly, cautiously and observing all the rules of the road. While, the bus was nearing the place of accident, the deceased, who travelled in the bus near the rear side foot board suddenly got fits and so he lost control and fell down from the bus. As a result of the fall, the deceased had sustained injuries and died. As such, it has been submitted that the accident has not been caused due to any fault on the part of the driver of the bus. Further, the age, occupation and income of the deceased was also not admitted by the respondent and it was submitted that the claim was high and excessive and has to be dismissed. 7.The Motor Accident Claims Tribunal framed three issues for the consideration namely: (i) Whether the accident had occurred due to the rash and negligent driving of the driver of the bus belonging to the respondent? (ii) Whether the petitioners are entitled to get the amount as claimed in the petition from the respondent? (iii)To what other relief, are the petitioner entitled to get? 8.On the petitioners side, two witnesses were examined as PW1 and PW2 and four documents were marked as Exs.A1 to A4. On the respondent's side one witness was examined as RW1 and no documents were marked. https://hcservices.ecourts.gov.in/hcservices/ 9.After taking into consideration, the arguments advanced by the learned counsel's for their respective parties, the Tribunal was of the opinion that the respondent's contention was not a sustainable one. The respondent has admitted the accident, bus has contended that at the time of accident, the deceased Saravanan got fits and that he lost his control and fell down from the bus through the rear side foot board. From the above contention, it is clearly seen that at the time of accident, the respondent's bus has been overloaded. The petitioners' contention that, when the deceased Saravanan was standing on the foot board, the driver and the conductor of the bus should have given instructions to him to go inside of the bus. The Tribunal were of the opinion that in the instant case, after perusal of entire evidence of PW1, PW2 and RW1, neither the conductor nor the driver had given any instruction to the deceased Saravanan, asking him not to stand on the footboard. As such, the Tribunal, considering the act of the conductor and driver of the bus as irresponsible were not inclined to hold that the accident had occurred due to contributory negligence on both sides. In this aspect, the Tribunal had considered the reported case, reported in 1999 - 3 – Law Weekly 428, in the case of the Managing Director, Marudu Pandiyar Transport Corporation, Karaikudi V. Rajapandian, the relevant head notes of which are as follows: "Motor Vehicles Act (1988), S.164, Negligence of Bus driver – Injury to passenger who was standing near the gateway and fell out of the bus due to sudden application of brake – Plea of contributory negligence of passenger not accepted – Duty of driver of bus and the owner." 10.In the same aspect, the learned counsel for the petitioners has relied on the reported case, reported in 1990 ACJ, in case of, Manjit Kaur and Others V. Pepsu Road Transport Corporation and Others, the relevant head notes of which are as follows: "Negligence – Driver – Duty of care – Driver drove the bus and fast speed and a passenger sitting on the roof of the bus was hit by a branch of a tree – Whether the driver was negligent – Held: yes; care and caution expected from a bus driver to avoid injury to persons travelling on the roof of the bus was not exercised by him." 11.The Tribunal held that the above said case law is also applicable to the present facts of this case. The Tribunal, on scrutiny of the entire evidence held that the driver and conductor have not taken any care and caution to avoid the injuries to the persons, who travelled on the footboard of the bus, and so held that the accident had been caused by the negligence on the part of the respondent's vehicle driver. https://hcservices.ecourts.gov.in/hcservices/ 12.On perusal of the evidence adduced by the RW1, Sekar, the driver of the respondent's bus, the Tribunal were of the opinion that the contention of the respondent that at the time of the accident, the deceased Saravanan got fits and due to his he had fallen down from the bus from the rear side footboard, had not been established. As such, the Tribunal after considering the evidence of PW1, the mother of the deceased and PW2, the father of the deceased were of the opinion that the petitioners had clearly established their case that the accident had happened only due to the rash and negligent manner of the driving by the driver of the respondent's bus and that he had driven the bus at a high speed even without considering the pits on the road. As such, the Tribunal held that the respondent is liable to pay compensation to the petitioners. 13.As per the contention of the petitioners, at the time of accident, the deceased was aged about 28 years and was earning an income of Rs.4,500/- per month by doing agricultural work and also by virtue of doing work as a blacksmith. The Tribunal, on scrutiny of Ex.A2, the copy of the Post-mortem Certificate, held that the age of the deceased Saravanan, at the time of death as 28 years. 14.On perusal of Ex.A4, it is seen that the deceased Saravanan and one Shanmugam had purchased the agricultural land from one Balakrishnan and another. Though, the petitioners had not established that the deceased was a blacksmith also, through oral or documentary evidence, the Tribunal, considering Ex.A4 held that the notional income of the deceased could be taken as Rs.3,000/- per month and his annual income as Rs.36,000/-. 15.For selection at the multiplier to be adopted, the Tribunal relied on the reported case reported in 2007(1) TNMAC 378 in case of S.P.Ganapathi and another Vs. V.S.Rangammal and another, the following head notes of which are as follows: "MULTIPLIER – Appropriate Multiplier – Deceased aged 21 years – Claimants Viz.mother and father of deceased aged 50 & 52 years – Tribunal adopting multiplier of 16 taking note of the age of deceased, held, erroneous – In fatal case selection of multiplier to be made on basis of age of deceased or claimants, whichever is higher – Tribunal took into consideration age of deceased alone and not even discussed pleading and evidence regarding age of claimants not any finding given regarding age of claimants not any finding given regarding age of claimants – Method adopted by Tribunal in selecting multiplier based on age of deceased, disregarding age of claimants, not proper – Deceased died as a bachelor and parents alone were claimants before Tribunal – Therefore, when smaller multiplier is possible if age of claimants rather than that of deceased taken as basis of selection of https://hcservices.ecourts.gov.in/hcservices/ multiplier, then it shall be proper to select multiplier based on age of claimant – Claimants in age group of 50-55 years – Tribunal ought to have selected multiplier of 11 as appropriate multiplier as against multiplier of 16." 16.The Tribunal considering the above said case law were of the opinion that the case law cited was applicable to the instant case. The Tribunal, therefore, on considering that the age of the second petitioner, father of deceased was 50 years, at the time of accident, adopted a multiplier of 11 applicable to the age of 50 as per II Schedule of Section 163(A) of Motor Vehicles Act. 17.The Tribunal taking the annual income of the deceased as Rs.36,000/- and deducting 1/3rd share from this for personal expenses of the deceased, held that the deceased could have contributed Rs.24,000/- as income to his family every year. The Tribunal accordingly assessed the total loss of future income to the petitioners as Rs.24,000/- X 11 = Rs.2,64,000/- and awarded this sum of compensation to the petitioners under the head of loss of income. The Tribunal, awarded a sum of Rs.2,000/- towards transport to hospital expenses; a sum of Rs.5,000/- towards funeral expenses; a sum of Rs.10,000/- towards loss of expectation of life; Rs.20,000/- each to the petitioners towards loss of love and affection. In total, the Tribunal awarded a sum of Rs.3,21,000/- as compensation to the petitioners and directed the respondent to deposit the above said award with interest at the rate of 7.5% per annum from the date of the petition till the date of payment of compensation, into the credit of the M.C.O.P.No.706 of 2005, on the file of the Motor Accident Claims Tribunal, 1st Additional District Court, Krishnagiri, within a period of two months from the date of its Order. From and out of the award amount, the Tribunal apportioned a sum of Rs.1,60,500/- each with proportionate accrued interest as the share of the award to the first and second petitioners. After the deposit was made, the apportioned share of the award amount of the petitioners with accrued interest, should be invested in Indian Overseas Bank, Courts Extension, Krishnagiri, for a period three years. The petitioners were permitted to receive the interest on their deposit, once in three months. The excess Court fee paid by the petitioners was to be refunded to them. The Advocate fees was fixed at Rs.9,410/-. 18.The learned counsel appearing for the appellants has contended in his appeal that the Tribunal ought to have fixed the monthly income of the deceased at least at the rate of Rs.4,000/- per month as he was doing agricultural work as well as the work of a blacksmith and that the Tribunal should not have insisted on documentary evidence to prove that the deceased was a blacksmith also. It has also been contended that the Tribunal ought to have fixed the multiplier at 13, taking into account the age of the mother and father, whose age at the time of the accident were 47 and 50 years respectively. It was also contended that the Tribunal ought to have awarded more compensation towards funeral expenses. As such, it has been prayed by the learned counsel appearing for the appellants, https://hcservices.ecourts.gov.in/hcservices/ that the compensation awarded by the Tribunal has to be enhanced. 19.The learned counsel appearing for the respondent vehemently argued that the deceased's earning fixed by the Tribunal as Rs.36,000/- per annum was reasonable. This has also been done without any documentary evidence. Further, the claimants are middle aged persons and were not depending on the income of the deceased and they were also earning an income of their own. As the claimants are only 2 in numbers, the compensation granted by the Tribunal is reasonable. The Tribunal had also well-considered the award to be granted under the various heads. So, the appeal is not maintainable. 20.The learned counsel appearing for the respondent in support of her contentions, has cited a case law reported in 2009 (2) TNMAC 1 (SC), Smt.Sarla Verma & Ors. V. Delhi Transport Corporation & Anr., the relevant head notes of which are as follows: "INCOME – Future Prospects – Consideration – Future prospects of advancement in life and career should be sounded in terms of money to augment Multiplicand – Where deceased had a stable job, Court can take of prospects in future and it will be unreasonable to estimate Loss of Dependency on actual income of deceased at time of death (Apex Court in Susamma Thomas) – Having regard to future prospects of promotion/career advancement of deceased, Apex Court in Susamma Thomas increased income by 100%, in Sarla Dixit income increased by 50% and in Abati Bezbaruah income increased by mere 7% - In view of imponderables and uncertainties, Apex Court adopting as a rule of Thumb, held, addition of 50% of actual salary to actual salary/income should be towards future prospects, where deceased had a permanent job and was below 40 years – 30% addition, where age of deceased was 40 to 50 years – No addition where deceased was more than 50 years – Where deceased was self- employed or on a fixed salary (without provision for annual increments, etc.), only actual income at time of death to be taken – Departure should be made only in rare and exceptional cases involving special circumstances – It is necessary to standardise addition to avoid application of different yardsticks and adopting of different methods of calculations – Motor Vehicles Act, 1988, S.166." 21.Considering the facts and circumstances of the case, arguments advanced by the learned counsel on either sides, and scrutiny of findings of Tribunal, this Court is of the view that the age of the deceased was 28 years at the time of accident, and that he was involved in agricultural work as well as doing work as a blacksmith. Further, it is an indisputed fact that the claimants https://hcservices.ecourts.gov.in/hcservices/ have 3 Acres of agricultural land. As such, this Court accepts that the deceased was earning income through land cultivation as well as by doing work of a blacksmith. Considering the nature of occupation, this Court is of the view that no documentary evidence can be provided in the instant case, as the deceased was a self-employed person involved in the said land and strenuous work. As the accident happened in the end of 2004, this Court holds that the deceased could have earned a sum of Rs.4,000/- per month. But, the Tribunal had fixed the income of the deceased as Rs.3,000/- per month, which this Court considers is on the lower side. Hence, this Court taking the income of the deceased as Rs.4,000/- and deducting 1/3rd share from this for his personal expenses assesses the loss of income to the claimants as Rs.32,000/- X 11 = Rs.3,52,000/- and accordingly awards this sum as compensation to the claimants under the head of loss of income. The Tribunal had awarded a sum of Rs.5,000/- for funeral expenses and this Court enhances the award granted under this head to Rs.10,000/-. This Court awards a sum of Rs.1,000/- as compensation to the claimants under the head of damage to the articles. In total, this Court awards an additional compensation amount of Rs.94,000/- to the claimants. This additional compensation amount will also carry an interest of 7.5% per annum from the date of filing the claim petition till the date of payment of compensation. 22.Therefore, this Court hereby directs the respondent/Tamilnadu State Transport Corporation Ltd., to deposit the additional amount of Rs.94,000/- together with interest at the rate of 7.5% per annum from the date of filing the petition till the date of payment of compensation, into the credit of the M.C.O.P.No.706 of 2005, on the file of the Motor Accident Claims Tribunal, 1st Additional District Court, Krishnagiri, within a period of four weeks from the date of receipt of this Order. The said additional award of Rs.94,000/- is to be shared equally amongst the parents of the deceased. 23.As the accident happened in the year 2004, it is open to the claimants to withdraw their apportioned share amount with accrued interest thereon, lying in the credit of the M.C.O.P.No.706 of 2005, on the file of the Motor Accident Claims Tribunal, 1st Additional District Court, Krishnagiri, after filing necessary payment out application, in accordance with law. 24.In the result, the Civil Miscellaneous Appeal is partly allowed and the Award and Decree, dated 06.11.2007, in M.C.O.P.No.706 of 2005, passed by the Motor Accident Claims Tribunal, 1st Additional District Court, Krishnagiri is modified and an additional compensation of Rs.94,000/- is granted by this Court, together with interest at the rate of 7.5% per annum. Consequently, connected miscellaneous petition is closed. No costs. Sd/- Asst. Registrar //true copy// Sub Asst.Registrar https://hcservices.ecourts.gov.in/hcservices/ krk To 1.Motor Accident Claims Tribunal, 1st Additional District Court, Krishnagiri, 2. The Section Officer, VR Section, High Court, Madras. 1 cc to Mr.P.Mani, Advocate, Sr.No.8035 1 cc to Mrs.B.Vijayalakshmi, Advocate, Sr.No.8362 Order in C.M.A.No.2069 of 2008 PKB {CO} TP/26.2.2010. https://hcservices.ecourts.gov.in/hcservices/