^?.^— c -^ va ^ IN THE HIGH COURT OF CHHATTISGARH AT BILASPUR. WRIT PETITION N0. '^^^^'OF 2004 PETITIONER ^r^^- ^y"\ .....•"" ^•" Vishwanath, S/o. Shri Hari Prasad, aged about 25 years, Caste- Basod, (S.C) Resident of Village Mohalla Dalabahra, Gram Panchayat Badsara, Block Bhaiyathan, District Surguja (C.G.) VERSUS RESPONDENTS ^ ^' ?! iT^>T'^}0^ ^^>w;l 't.^:—^^ 1. State of Chhattisgarh, Through: The Secretary, Panchayat & Rural Development Department, D. K. S. Bhawan, Raipur, (C.G.). 2. The Collector, Ambikapur, District Surguja (C.G.). 3. Janpad Panchayat, Bhaiyathan, Through The Chief Executive Officer, District Surguja (C.G.). 4. ^^'^"^ Gram Panchayat, Banja, Through the Secretary, Block Bhaiyathan, District Surguja (C.G.) \^^' WRIT^ETITION UNDER ARTICLE 226/227 OF THE CONSTITUTION OF INDIA FOR ISSUE OF AN APPROPRIATE WRIT IN THE NATURE OF MANDAMUS/CERTIORARI ETC. OR DIRECTION/ORDER IN THE LIKE NATURE ETC. HIGH COURT OF CHHATTI8GARH AT BILA8PUR Writ Petition No.3304/04 Writ Petition N0.330S/04 WritPetitipn 110.3306/04 Writ Petition No.3308/04 Writ Petitton No.3311/04 Writ Petition No.3312/04 Writ Petition No.3360/04 Writ Petition No.3472/04 Writ Petition Ilo.3S2l/04 Writ Petition 110.3534/04 Writ Petition No.3535/04 Writ Petltion No.3536/04 Writ Petition No.3581/04 Writ Petition No.3S82/04 AND Writ Petltion No.3623/04 Sd/- Ag.ChiefJustice 1\/2/2005 ORDBR Post for: 4/2/2005 Sd/- V.K. Shrivastava Judge rff'" ^ HI€»1COIIRT OT GHHATTISCtARH AT BUA81»VR Wrlt Petltioa No.3304/04 Rajeiidra Prasad Maitrl Va. State ofCMiattiagurh & o»s. Writ Petition 110.3308/04 Kyishna Kumttr Chalcradhari v». State ofC.G. & ors<i Writ PetlUon lto.3306/04 Das Ram Baaijarey v»» State of C.Q. 8»ors. Wrlt Petltlon lle.3308/04 Kailash Agrairal w». State of C.O. & o»s. Writ Petitlon No.3311/04 Brijesh J^gtap WB. State ofC.G. & ors, / Writ Petitioa No.3312/04 VisIiiBnnatli ws. State of C.G. & ors. Writ Petitloii 110.3360/04 LaMian Lai Veriua w». State of C.G. & ors. Wrtt Petltion Wo.3472/04 Prahlad 8inj^i Yadav vs. State of C.G. & o»a. Writ Petltioa Mo.3521/04 Smt. Saroj Bala V9. State of C.G. & ors, Wrtt Petttion Ho.3834/04 Ganga Prasad Choudliary vs. State ofC.G. te ors. Writ Petttton H0.3S3S/04 8hri Ram PaRpu B^hel vs. State ofC.G. & ors. .^/ ^A o ^ Writ Petttton 110.3836/04 Mandhuraaa Khute vs< State of C.Q. & ors< Wrlt Petltion No.3881/04 Ranifal CliMidyawuislii V8. State ofC.G. & OM. Writ Petition N0.3582/04 Kcmwal Ram Kaiwlltk vs< State of C.G. & or». AND Writ PeUUon No.3623/04 Loh»shChandra Pandey vs. State of C.O, & ors. Divlsioa Bench: Hon< Shri Fakhruddia, Ag, CliiefJuwtlce & Hon. Shri V.K. Bhriviurtava, J ORAL ORDBR Per Pakliruddla. Ae. C^J. The above writ petitions have been heard aaalogousty axid are being disposed ofby this coxamon order, W.P.No.3304/2004 shall be the teading case. 2. By these petitions under Articte 226/227 offhe Coi^titution of India, the petitbnera have chaUenged the valftdity offhe Rutes, namely, Chfaattisgarli Pancliayat Sliata Samvida Sluksfaak (Niyuktt Tatha Sewa Shartein) Niyam, 2004 publishcd on 10/8/2004 vide notification no.52/Panctia/22/04. The notification has been Issucd in excrclsc of thc powcra undcr Scction 70(2) rcad witb Scctiou 95 sub secdou (1) of Paucliayat Raj AtUuuiyam, 1993, whcrcby fhc rulcs for appcsdatmcnt of contract tcachcrs (Sainvida 81uLk»hcdk) faovc bccxi crucaicted, It ia» coaa.tcndcd <hat tiicoc rufcai ctro nltra viree, ia contEaventioa of fhe law and violative of Article 14 aiid 16 of fhe Coxietitution of Iti.dia. ^ '(C^ ^ ^.'- 3. It is coiatended fhat fhe adverdseiaent was pubMshed for fiilfilling the posts of Contract Teachera m Gram Poxwhsiyat, Janpad Panchayat aad Zila Paachayat It is also contended fhat fhe rules have been framed ia exercise of executive powers iiiider Article 162 offhe Constitution oftodia. The challeiige to tlie rules is on the groiind that there is a provisioii for appoiiitment fbr eveiy iatendew of a local person, who is to be nomiaated by the local miaister, so as to judge fhe local dialect. It is contended fhat for an iatendew the iavolvement of a miaister fhrough his xioixmiee is illegal aad in contoravention of fhe law, It is said tfaat fhe Veto powers have been conferred, Therc are fhree categories of Samvida Shala Shikshak, namely, Grade I, Grade II aad Grade III. The Schedules appended are quoted below: SCHBDULB-1 tQee Rnle 2(b» 8CHBDULB-2 ?See Rule 2tel and Rule 8} S.No. Classification of Samvida Shala Shikshak Contract Amount (Consolidated and fbced) Appointing Authority (1) ^T (3) (4) 1. Samvida Shala Shikshak Grade-1 Rs.3500/- ZUa Pancliayat 2. Samvida Shala Shikshak Grade-2 Rs.3000/- JaapadPanchayat 3. Samvida Shala Shikshak Grade-3 Rs.2500/- Gram Paachayat S.No. Classification of Samvida Shala Shikshak Minimum ^e Maxiiaiuin Minimum Educational Qualification Scnitmismg Committee ~w ~w 13) -PT -(ST -(6T 1. Samvida Shala Shikshak Grade-1 21 years 35 years At least Post Graduate Degree in fhe concemed 1 Chair- person - Mfember offhe r-8- ^^ subject^dT second divislon or equivalent 2. J Samvida Shala Shikshak Orade-2 21 years j 35years~ AtteaiT Qraduatc? Degree m the concenied siibject: group with eecond division or equivalent coiicemed Zfla Panchayat nominated bythe Bfimster in-charge ofthe dbirict. Member Chief Executive OfficerZfla Panchayat iMfejCQber-A person whoisweB wraedin thelocal iBuaguag^, nominatcd bythc WBnister in-chaiige ofthe district Note: At least ^ one memberof this Coxamittee shaUbe fi*om Scheduled caste/ Scheduled tribe/ Other backwaixl cjassws District Bducation Officerand Assfetant Commissio nerTribaI Welfiue maytake portthc meefcfaga ofthe committee asspecial invlteesto _advise it. Chair- person- Member ofthe wuwnwd Jaig>ad Panchayat nominated bythe Mimster in-.charge ofthe dietrict, Member Secrel ^ ^o 2 Chief Executiw Officer Janpad Paaehayat Member-A person 3 who is well versedin the local language, nominated bythe Mtxuster in-charge ofthe district Note: Atleast oae member of 1 this Committee shallbe fi'om Sobeduled caste/ Soheduled tribe/ Other baek ward Block Education Officer maytake partthe meeting& offee committee asspecial invitee to advise it. 3. | SamvidaShala Shikshak Grade-3 18 years 35 years Higher Secondary School Certificate of equivalent 1 Chair- peyson - Sarpanch ofthe concemed Gram Panchayat 2 Member Secretary "Seeretajy ofthe concemed Grain Panohayat 3 Mfember-A person wfao is well versed ia thelocal laxiguage, nominated bythe Nmister in-charge ofthe ^r- distriet Note: At least one member of this Committee shaflbe fi'om Scheduled caste/ Schedukd tribe/ Other back ward classes Head Masterof the eoncemed ^^hool may take partthe meetings ofthe committee a$ special invitee to advise it. .•j1 SGHBDULB-S ^ee Rute 7(6K 4. Learaed counsel for fhe petitioner referrcd to 73rd Constitutional Amendment, Article 243(0) of the Constitution and Elevenfh Schedule (Item No. 17), Education iacluding Pmnaiy aud S.No. Qualification Percentage fixed for computing marks TIT (2) (3) 1. For marks obtained in the qualifying examination of the mmimum educational qualifieation. 60 percent 2. For B.Ed., B.T.I., D.Bd. certificate. 20 percent 3. Por State level sports certificate. 3 percent 4. For National level sports certificate. 5 percent 5. For Scouts and Guides having Govemor's award. 3 percent 6. For Scouts and Guides having President's award. 5 percent 7. NCC-A certificate. 2 percent 8. NCC-B certificate. 3 percent 9. NCG-C certificate. 5 percent 10. NSS-A certificate. 2 percent - 11. NSS-B certificate. 3 perqsnt 12. NSS-C certificate. 5 percent 13. Por knowledge of local dialect. 15 percent /^ Secondary Schools, He fiirther referrcd to Article 154, 164 and 166 of fhe Constitution of India. He also rcfeired to fhe relevant provi^ious of Pauchayat Raj Adlmuyam, 1993, such as Sectiou 78 rcgaxding Powcr of Statc Oovcmirient to regiilate taxcs, Scction 83 rcgarding Powcr of State Oovcnxmcnt ia rcgard to rclicf iti taxcs, Section 85 regetrdiag Power to euapend execution of ordera, etc,, Section 86 regording Power of State Goveniinent to isQue order directing Paachayat for execution of works in certaan caees and Section 87 regarding Power of State Gk>vemxxient to dissolve Paiichayait jfor defaiilt, abuse of powers, eto. It is said that Section 95 nalates to Power to make niles. Delegation of power conferTRci iiader Section 93 of fhe Adluniyam. Leamed counsel also referred to Article 243-C of the ConstitLition, It is submitted tfaat imder Section 47 of fhe Adhiaiyam fhere aie committees mcluding education committee, which liave been constituted by tfae Paachayat It is further submitted that aa appeal is provided under Rule 12 beforc the Sub DMslonal Offlcer. It 1s also couteuded that for Giude III, tliere ai'e Rules of 1994 uamely M.P, Q^ram Paachayat (Tcria of Officc of Mcinbcrs of Staiidiag Coxnxnittec aixd proccdiirc for ib-c conduct of businc»») Rulcs» 1994. 5. It wlU be appropriate to refer extensively fhe provisione of Section 47 of fhe C.G. Paachayat Raj Adhiaiyam aad Rule 3 of C,G, Graxn Panchayat (Terui of Office of Menibers of Standiag Comiaittee aiid procedure for the conduct of busioess) Rules, 1994, which are quoted below: "Section 47. Standing Conmdttees of Janpad Petnehexyat cmd ZiUi Pcmchcyeet- (1) Every Janpad Pancluxyat and every Zila Pandmyat shall ^ from cunongst ifs elected mem&ers constitute the following stcmding oommitfees, ncmwly:" (a) General Administration Cormmttee" For all matters conneded with estoblishmer^ and service of Janpad or Zila Panchayat Administration, Integrated Rural Developmjent Progranmw Planning, Budget, Acoounls, Taxation and ather ftnandal matters and subjects not covered by the junctions allotted to any atiher commitfee; (b) Agriculture Cofmnittee- For agriculture animal husbandary power, redaination incSuding soil conservation and oontour bunding and fisheries compost mjanuring, seed distribution and other matters comwcted with development of agriculture and Iwe-stock. (c) Eduoation Cormnittee- For educaMon induding aduft education, sodal welfare of the disabled and the destitutes, women and child welfare, renwval ofuntouchability, reliefofdistress caztsed byfloods, draught, earthqpjuikes, hail stonn, scaraty, locusts wcmns and other such emergrenaes, temperanoe or prohibiUor^ healthand sanitation, tribal and harijanwelfare. (d) Conmiunication and Works Comrmttee^ For oomntunication, minor irrigatiortf rural housing, rural water supply drainage and other public works. (e) Cchaperation cmd Industries Comrmttee- For oo-operafton, thrift and smjall savings, cottage and village industries, marfcefe and statiatics. (2) In addition io the five standing committees referred to in sub-sedion(l) a Janpad Panchayat or Zila Panchayat nwy with the cxpproual af ihe prescribed authority^ oonstitute one or nmre such conunittees for ather nwtters rwt spec^ied in the said sub-section. (2-a) The Jav^pctd Panchayat or Zila Panchayat may with the approval of the prescribed authority rem allocate the matters entrusted ia any oormmttee under sub-section (1) or sub-section(2) to cmy other such comntittees or entrust such oofnmittees any other matters not oiherwise spedfied. (3) The General Administration Cormnittee shall consist ofChainnan ofall the Standing Cormmttees spedfied in sub'section (1) and oonstituted under sub-section (2). (4) Every comjnittee except (he General Adininistration Cormnittee shall consist of at leost five members to be elected by memfcers, af the Janpad Pcmchayat or Zila Pancfwyat as ihe ccsse may be, from cammgst themselves in the rmwner prescribed: Provided that a committee, may co'opt not more than two persons having experierwe or spedal krwwledge of the subjects cussigned to the Conmuttee. The persons so co-opted shall not have ^ @ the right to vote in the proceedings of the Committee: Providedfurther that the members ofthe Eduaition Carnmittee shall included atleast one women and a person beioru/irig io Sctieduled Ca»te^ or Schjp.duled Trihes. (4-A)(a) Every member of the Legislative Assembly who is a member of Janpad Pcmchayat, shall be ex-offido member of each Committee of that Panchayai; (b) Every Member ofParliament who is a member of a Zila Pancfzayat sfuill be ex-offiao member ofany two CommitteeQ of his choice in ihai Panchayat; and (c) Every Committee of Zila Pcm^vayai shatt co-opi not more than two members of the Legislative Assembly who are ntembers of thcd Panchayaty subject to the condition fhat a member of the Legislative Assembly shaU not be member of more than two Cornrniiiees. (S) Rvery Coni.mittee exjcept th^ Gen^ral Administrcdion Commitlee wzd the Education Cominittee shcdl eled. from amongst iis elected members a Chairperson imthin such tiine arzd in sucdz jnafzner as may be prescribed: Promded ihai- (i) TTie President of tfie Janpad Parwhayat or Zila Panchayat as the casemay be^ shall be offido Chairperson of the General Admimstralion Comntittee; (ii) The Vifce President of the Janpad Panchayat or Zila Panchayai, as the case may be^ shall be ex-offido-Chairperson of the Eduaition Committee; and (iii) The President and Vice Prewdent of the Zila Panchayat arid Janpad Panchayat, as the case mciy be^ shcdl aot be member of any Committee other than the Committee of whicfz he is the Chairperson by virtue of cJauses (i) and fii) of ihis proviso. (6) Etfejy Committee shall^ in relation io ihe subjed assigfied to it exerase such powers mzd pei-form sudz of the funclions of the Panchayai or Zila Fanchayats as the case may be, as. may be prescribed. (7) No person shall be a member ofmore than three comfnittees oiher than Gerzeral A(3nnmstraMon Committee at a time, Rule 3 9f Rvles ^f 199at» flttandtagr Committees- (1) Rvery Gram PatirJwyat mnyfrom amongst its Panchas cvnstiiute ifze following standifzg coinjnittees; namely:- (ci) Oeneml Admirtistration Comntittee^Far aJl niaiters comiected with establishnient and sennce of Gram Panchayai cidrmnistration^ r^- ^o^ dpproval of oonstructien plan in Grean Pcmchayat Arect, Budget, AcoDWits, Tcucation andother ftnandaS matters, land Developm^nt and Protection, Food and Ciml Supplies^ Revenue, 20 point programme and all other matters assigned to the Gram Panchayat and no( allotted to any other oommittee, (b) Construction cmd Developfnent Conmtitlee.-For plcmning^ nwmjagingf implementation cmd supervisian of all oonstruction wwks in Grain Pcmchayat area, plcmning, budgeting and implementcilton of layout, schenies and jprogrammes, impTovenwni of cormnunioatian qf all types^ spedal emphasis cf developinent of villcige, oottage and Khadi Industries, gardens and parks speaally for women and children, propasing self prajeds for juture construcfion, Rural electr^watioHy foresty publie health engineering^ drnry, agricutture and irrigation. (c^ Edueation, health cmd sodal toetfmre convmittee^For inspection af aU schools m the Gnmi Panehaycrt arect, oertiftcation of attendanoe of ieachers during the previous nwnth by the Sfh of every morrfhy promoftbn qf and assistanoefor nonwformal education, adutt literaey, promjotion and inspection af all welfare schemes indudKng ICDS Anganwadi, Bahoadi and Sodal Security Pension, Vacdnation and farmly planning progrcmmie, inspection of health and fcmuly welfare schemes and healih oenters in Gram Panchayat area and certifioation ef their attendanoe^ formation and implenwntcttion of welfcire Scheme for sodally backward and handicapped sections and persons of the sodety^ hygiene and saniiation m Gram Panchayat areeL Women and Chief Development) Socsal Welfare Department and Sodal Programmes for Scheduled Castes/ Scheduled Tribes and other Backward Classes andfor those who are below poverty line. Pishery, Sporfs and Labour. (2) Every Conmiittee shall oonsist offowr memberB who shall be elected by the Panchas from cmwngst themselves in a meeting of a Gram Pandwyat spedally called for the pufpoae. The Sarpanch cmd Up'Sarpanch shaU be ex" offiao members ofatl the Cojnmittees. (3) The Sarpcmch shall be Ihe Chairman of aJl the Committees^ 6. It is contended that earlier to issuance offhe notification, the State of Madhya Pradesh in exercise of powers coaferred by sub- r- ^ section (2) of Sectioii 53y sub-sectioa (1) of Section 70 rcadwith sub-section (1) of Section 95 of the M.P. (C.G.) Panchayat Raj Adhmiyam, 1993 enacted the rules known as M,P, Panchayat Shiksha KarmAs (Recruitaient aad Conditions of Service) Rules 1997 wherem as far as possible tfae attempts have been made to keep mtact fhe autonomy of tlie Paachayats by providmg tih.e Standmg Committee of Education in Selection Comimttee aiid inaldng the Chairperson of it It is fiufher contended fhat fhe State Govemment has for maiataimng tiie sovereigaty of Paachayats issued fhe said Rules ia exercise of powers cooferred by sub-section (2) of Section 53 of fhe aforcsaid Act It is also contended ffaat for awardmg marks to candidates haviag knowledge of local dialects, 15% for oral test have been kept which was to be allotted according to assessment made on fhie basis of test for commurdcation skills ui local dialect, knowkdge of local environment, general knowledge, training and teachmg aptitude and aay ofher test which fhe Selection Comimttee may deem fit. The said rules have been adopted by fhe Chhatdsgarh State when fhe State formed as a rcsult ofthe M,P. Reoiganizatiort Act, 2000 aad this fact has been fi-ankly admitted by fhe tearaed Addi Advocate General during the course ofarguments, 7. To apprcciate fhe aforesaid contentions Section 53 of fhe Pan.chayat Raj Adhiaiyam which deals wifh fhe Power of State Goverament in rclation to functions of Panchayats is pertment and is quoted below: "53. Power of S3 acte Qooemtnewt in retatton fo ftmcttons ®fPianchcaunto- f2^ ^ Subject to such conditions cus may be spedfied by general or spedal orcter issued by the State Govermnent, the Panchayat at the appropriate level shall hrn^e the powers and authority as may be necessary to y^ enable them to jfunction ds institutions of self govemjnent in relation tomatters listed in Schedule ZI^ induding preparcttion ofplans, implefnentation of schemjes for eoonontic development and sodal justice, and athsr duties andjunctions ctssigned to them under Sections 49^9-A,50,52 and Chapter XIV-A. (b) The State Govemment may by notification endow Pcinchayats at the appropriate level with powers cmd responsibilities for selection, recruitynent, cippointment and managemenl of any oadre or cadres of employees requdred far the effident implementation of schemes^ subject to ihe staffing pattem dpproved by the State Govemment and such other conditions cus it may deemfit (2) The State Govemment may^ by general or spedal order, cidd to any of the functions of Panchayats or withdraw the functions and duties entrusted to such Panchayats^ when the State Govemment undertakes the execution of any of the functions entrusted to Pandzayat The Panchayai shall not be responsible for such functions so long as the State Govemment does not re-entrust suchfuncHons to the Panchayats." 8, It is vehemenfly contended fhat the inclusion of nomiaee of fhe Miaister ia-charge of fhe distdct ia the scrutiaiziag comiimttee ond the provision ofnomiaatmg fhe Chairperson offhe Coiiiimttee at his behest is violative of Constitution aad Act of 1993 aad it encroaches upon fhe autonoiay of Paachayat graated by tihe Constitation, Leanied counsel for the petitioner referred to Article 40 of the Constitution of India, Coiistituted Assembly of India- Debate dated 22/11/1948, fhe statement of objects aad reasons appended to Constitution (Seventy Second Ainendxnent) biU 1991, Article 243-B, 243-C, 243-G of the Constitutioa and Etevenfh Schedule (Item No.17) enacted under Article 243-0(2) ^f the Constituition. He rcUed upon the judgiaent of the Apex Court in fhe case of Stete <if UJP. & Ors. w?» Pincidhcm iSduarh & Ors» rcported ia fl99SI Svuw.fai SCC 305, ^ •'l''Y (: . - 9. It is further contended fhat such a nomiiiatioii is coateaiy to the provisions of Section 53 of the Adhixiiyam, Reference is made to Sectioa 47(5), Section 53(l)(a)(b) and Section 70(2) of fhe Adhiaiyam. Reliaace is placed upon the judgment of the High Court of M,P. in the case of JhvitSHiA Pwwhcmctt T Pmwhasieit KmnniMthari Semfih and ofhers rs. State ofMP. & Qv_ieported in 199811) JLJ 336. So far as the inclusion of Minister is conceraed, reUance is placed upon fhe judginents of fhe Apex Court ia fhe cases rcported in AER 1963 SC 39S {Bachhittar Sinah »s. State ofPu.niabh 200315) SCC 134 &7J>. Bansal vs. SUite d?f RaiaaWum. and aiwfherj. 1977/4) SCC 608fSlsate ef Kmnwtaka. vs. Dinien of Itodte and aiurtfccr) <ind 1997W SCC 3Sf8ecretwy^ •7<dtour Develoimicwt AuthorflEw. JvSsmr vs* JHiutetnud •7<rfn cuid athcrd. Ai^ument regaidmg awardmg of niarks for kacwledge of local dialect is concemed, reliance is placed upon fhe judgments of fhe Apesx: Court iii the cases reported in AXR 199S fitC 914(V.N. SwiwmSn RedAy emd wthers vs. Stetc of Andhrvt Pradesh mut otherssi. Reliaace is also placed upon fhe judgments rcported ia 20(fSS(6) i9CC SG3 ^Sattash Chcmd iSftcirma ws^ iStcite ^fRedtxslSuin and other^, 10. Learaed counsel also placed reliance upon fhe judgment of fhe Apex Court reported ia 200<2 f6f SCC 393 flBtersfacnrfra ChouWsa cmd otfccrs vs. iSttute ef Reiltiathein and otftcra^. It is contended fhat so far as Rule 7(2) is concenied, fhe vacancy for fhe year is to be notified by the aufhorised ofiBcer to the appoiatmg aufhorily every year aad the conceraed Paachayat has no say ia the matters of vacaacy. It is also coutended that fhe awardiag of ySi^i£at^sSiSa:.3£S£B ^ 15% niarks for kaowledge of local dialect is arbitrary aad unrcasonable, Veto powers are with ffae Selection Committee, 11, Retura has been fiiled on behalf of tihe State raisiag ffaie defences aiid opposing fhe petitions. It is contended fhat the rule has been firamed keepiag in view ftie exigency aad fhe requirement It is also contended fhat fhe appointments are to be made under fhe texuiporary Scheine namely Sawa Shiksha Abhiyan floated by fhe Govt. of India, Departaient of Education. The ixiam fhrust of fhe Schexae is to attaia fhe object of education to all by the year 2010 and attam. universal elementaxy education io. the countiy io. a missionary zeal. The entire object is to provide te^ichers wifh fhe mvolvement of the Society at the grass rc%>t willi fhe help of decentrali^d, context specific planning with an attempt to bridge social and gender gaps with tiie active pardcipatmg of fhe Communily ia aU aspecte of the matter. 12. Shri Prashaat Mishra, tearaed Addl. Advocate General for the State, ia support of the contentibn relied upon the judgmexit of fhe Apex Court in fhe casc of BmiUsh Mcdtem StmdeWlas Pvwenls Assoctation »»•Sterte ofKamatafca ond otlwra Eeported m AIR 1994 SC 1702 (Pams 18 to 26) and contended that Article 350 and 350-A of fhe Constitution coupted wifh fhe object of fhe Serya Shiksha Abhiyan have to be read in. It is contended that 22249 teachers are to be appoiated, Learaed counsel further contended that fhe validity is to be presumed uiiless contraxy is shown. Reliance is placed upon fhe judgxnent of fhe Apex Court in fhe case Jn re The ^erata Educatton BiB* 1^57 reoorted in AZR 1958 SC 9S6, ReUance is also placed upon fhe judgments of the Apex Court in fhe cases of JTC LWL & ors. ws. State d?f BtarrMrtafca ^^ -^ reported ia 1985 {Siww^ SGC 476 and J&i re Soccicil Courts WH. 1978 reported m AIR 1979 SC 478. 13. Learaed counsel also rclied upon the judgDient of fhe Apex Court in fhe case of Sfc <7ohns Teachers Trfxlnina Instttute vs. Keaional IMrector. NatloiWl Counctt yor Tefieher JBducatton and another reported in 2003(3) SCC 331 (Paras 10,11 and 12) fhat fhere is presuxaption of fhe constitationaUty of a statute. 14. Reliaace is also placed upon fhe judgment of Apex Court in the case of PJ Ashuwtheinamfiona Set^f cmd oWters Vfs. State of JKamcrtafca <md otficrs reoorted m 1989 Sww^fl) SCC 696 whercia it has been held fhat lack of perfection m a legislative nieasure does not necessarify ioiply its unconstitutionalily aad ultra vires aad it is rightly said fhat in such a complex arena ia which no perfect alteraative exist, fhe Court does well not to iinpose too rigorous a steuidard of criticisiii, ixnder the equal protection clause, reviewmg fiscal services, 15, Reliaace is ateo placed upon the Judgment offhe Apex Court m fhe case of The Colleetor ef dwtoms* JBTadnis -99. Swwwtttu ^&S^BLrcported in A1R 1962 SC 316 whercm it has been held tihat a statute caanot be declared ultea vires and so iavalid because ffae power coxiferr^i by it on fhe aufhorities is likely to be xnisused by fhem ifit passes fhe test ofconstitutioa, 16. ReHance is ateo placed upon the judgxaent of fhe Apex Court in fhe case of Deeft Chfind ys^ iStete of U^ reported ia ASR 1959 SC 648 fhat the Court cannot declare aoy law as void on fhe groiind that it contxavenes any of the directive priaciples of State poHcy isi Part IV ofthe Constitutloa, ^ 17. Lasfly leamed Addl. A,G, submitted fliat even tf the Court flnds some lacima/drawback, then mstead of declaring the rules altiu vn'es, ^oxiie guide-tmes uiay be issued, It is couteuded that thc Cotirts of today caiinot and do not aay longcr rcinain passivc with thc negativc attitiide incrcly striIdLtig down a law or prcvcntiag sosnething being done, It ia also contended tliat fhe Cozurt can give positive directions 111 fhe naQiiner. Lecimed Addl. A.G. relied upon the judgxiieixt of the Apex Court in fhe case of Stete <ifJK«raIawis T.P. Soshcmft & ors reported in AIR 1979 ^? 765 and contended tlia.t the Cauit shouH not rigid attitude of negativity and sit back ^fter striking down flie scheme of Govemnient, leaving it to the helpless Goveniaient caught ia a