IN THE HIGH COURT OF JUDICATURE AT BOMBAY CRIMINAL APPELLATE JURISDICTION CRIMINAL REVISION APPLICATION NO.71 OF 2000 Ankush Yeshwant Owe .. Applicant Versus The State of Maharashtra .. Respondent Mr.S.D.Thokade with Mr.Pradeep Gole for the applicant. Ms.A.T.Jhaveri, A.P.P for the respondent. CORAM CORAM CORAM : A.S.OKA, J. : A.S.OKA, J. : A.S.OKA, J. DATE DATE DATE : 23rd April 2009. : 23rd April 2009. : 23rd April 2009. JUDGMENT: JUDGMENT: JUDGMENT: . By this Criminal Revision Application the accused no.2 has challenged the order of conviction dated 23rd September 1998 passed by the Judicial Magistrate First Class which has been confirmed in appeal by the Sessions Court. The applicant has been convicted for the offence punishable under section 411 of the Indian Penal Code and he was sentenced to suffer simple imprisonment for six months and to pay fine of Rs.1000/-. In default in payment of fine, he was sentenced to undergo simple imprisonment for three months. (2) 2. According to the case of the prosecution, one Komal Krishna Udawar (P.W.No.1) was running a jewellery business under the name and style "Rupali Jewellers". He used to give gold to goldsmiths for manufacture of ornaments. According to him on 06th August 1997 he had given gold weighing 50 gms to the complainant Abhay Ghodke for preparing ornaments. On the gold chip weighing 50 gms there was a mark "RJ". The accused no.1 Satish Kisan Pandit was working as an employee of the complainant of Abhay Ghodke (P.W.No.5). According to the complainant on 10th August 1997 he opened his shop as usual at about 9.00 a.m. He closed his shop at 01.30 in the afternoon and re-opened it at 3.00 p.m. After he re-opened the shop, he could not locate the gold handed over to him by Rupali Jewellers. According to him the accused no.1 was on duty that day. The complainant lodged a complaint on 16th August 1997. 3. The allegation of the prosecution is that the accused no.1 committed theft of the gold worth Rs.23,000/-. The allegation is that the Revision Applicant (accused no.2) received stolen property belonging to the complainant knowing or having reason to believe the same to be a stolen property and thereby committed an offence under section 411 of the Indian (3) Penal Code. 4. The learned Magistrate convicted the accused no.1 for the offence punishable under section 381 of the Indian Penal Code. As stated earlier the applicant (accused no.2) was convicted for the offence punishable under section 411 of the Indian Penal Code. During the pendency of the trial the gold subject matter of theft was already handed over to the complainant. The learned Judicial Magistrate permitted the complainant to retain the said gold. The learned counsel appearing for the revision applicant has taken me through the judgments of the courts below. He submitted that the panchnamas at Exhibit 37 and 38 have not been proved in accordance with law. He submitted that there was no evidence on record to show that the applicant had knowledge that the gold chip purchased by him was a stolen property. He submitted that the entire prosecution case cannot be believed as there is a gross unexplained delay of more than six days in lodging the complaint. He relied upon certain decisions of the Apex Court. The learned A.P.P submitted that no interference was called for interference in as much as there are concurrent findings recorded by the courts below and in revisional jurisdiction no interference can be made with the (4) findings of fact. The learned A.P.P submitted that there was sufficient evidence of the knowledge of the applicant that the gold chip was a stolen property. 5. I have carefully considered the submissions. It will be necessary to refer to the evidence of the prosecution witnesses. The P.W.No.1 Komal Udawar stated that he had given a gold chip weighing 50 gms to the complainant Abhay Ghodke for preparing ornaments. He has relied upon a receipt dated 06th August 1997 which is at Exhibit 27 for showing that the complainant Abhay Ghodke received the gold chip. It is pertinent to note that though the receipt purports to have been issued by the complainant Abhay Ghodke, it is on letterhead of M/s.Rupali Jewellers which is the business concern of P.W.No.1 Komal Udawar. If the complainant Abhay Ghodke had received the said gold chip, normally, he would not have passed a receipt on the letterhead of M/s.Rupali Jewellers. A suggestion was given to the P.W.No.1 that the receipt does not bear signature of the complainant. He denied the correctness of the said suggestion. He admitted in the cross-examination that the applicant (accused no.2) has his own shop and that transactions of sale and purchase were going on in his shop. He stated that prior to giving the gold chip to the complainant on (5) 06th August 1997, on two or earlier three occasions he had given gold to the complainant for manufacture of ornaments. He stated that he had taken receipts and he was willing to produce the same. He admitted that the fact that he had taken a receipt from the complainant which is at Exhibit 27 has not been stated in his statement recorded by the police on 18th August 1997. 6. P.W.No.5 Abhay Ghodke, the complainant stated that on 10th August 1997 in the afternoon he realised that the gold chip given to him by P.W.No.1 was not traceable. He stated that he filed the complaint on 16th August 1997. He identified the seized gold before the Court. He stated that accused no.1 Satish was working with him on the relevant day. In the cross-examination he admitted that only after he visited police station he became aware that the gold was seized from the shop of the applicant. The P.W.No.2 Sushant Laxman Mane claimed that he was working in the shop of the complainant at the relevant time. He stated that he was learning the art of manufacture of ornaments alongwith accused no.1 Satish. He deposed that there was a mark "RJ" on the gold chip which was stolen. He identified the gold in the Court. In the cross-examination he stated that he was not aware as to (6) who was the owner of the said gold. P.W.No.3 Shradda is the wife of P.W.No.5 complainant. She identified the gold in the Court. P.W.No.4 Kishor Prabhakar Ghodke is running a goldsmith shop at Satara. He knew both the accused. According to him gold was seized by the police from accused no.2. The police had called him to examine the gold and he issued a certificate. He stated that the weight of the gold was 50 gms and there was a mark "RJ" on it. He produced a xerox copy of the certificate issued by him. He identified the gold in the Court. 7. Evidence of P.W.No.6 Salauddin is relevant. According to him on 18th August 1997 the police called him to police station to act as a panch witness. The said witness was examined to prove the disclosure statement of the accused no.1 of the fact that he had sold the stolen gold to Priti Jwellers at Satara. He is a witness to the discovery panchnama as well as seizure panchnama. The said witness turned hostile. He stated that the panchnama was already written and he had signed the same at police station. P.W.No.7 Umesh who has again stated to be a panch witness to the seizure panchnama was declared as hostile. He also stated that panchnama was already prepared and he signed the same at police station. P.W.No.8 is Milind Shridhar Kulkarni. (7) He stated that the 1st accused disclosed on 18th August 1997 that he had sold the stolen gold to Priti Jwellers. According to him the accused no.1 took the panch witnesses to M/s.Priti Jwellers which is a shop of the applicant. He stated that the applicant produced gold chip before him which was seized under panchnama at Exhibit 38. The witness was cross-examined by the advocates appearing for both the accused. In the cross-examination made by the advocate for the applicant he stated that the gold bar seized from the shop of the applicant was weighed in the shop of the applicant. He stated that he enquired with the complainant about the ownership of the gold bar and the complainant disclosed that he brought the gold bar from Rupali Jwellers. He stated that he did not enquire regarding the receipt for showing that Rupali Jwellers have handed over the gold bar to the complainant for the purposes of preparing ornaments. He stated that he did not enquire regarding receipt. It is pertinent to note that even in the examination-in-chief, the P.W.No.8 Investigating Officer has not stated as to how the receipt at Exhibit 27 was brought on record. Going by the evidence of P.W.No.8 it appears that the said receipt was not seized during the investigation. (8) 8. Taking the evidence as it is, both the panch witnesses to seizure panchnama have turned hostile. The seizure panchnama was sought to be proved through P.W.No.8 Investigating Officer. The first question is whether what was allegedly seized was a stolen property which was allegedly given by P.W.No.1 to P.W.No.5 for preparation of ornaments. As stated earlier for proving the said fact reliance has been placed on receipt at Exhibit 27. The receipt has not been produced alongwith the charge-sheet. The said receipt is purportedly issued by P.W.No.5 complainant in favour of P.W.No.1 acknowledging receipt of gold chip weighing 50 gms. As pointed out earlier, the receipt is on the letterhead of P.W.No.1 of Rupali Jwellers. If the P.W.No.5 complainant had issued the said receipt it was unlikely that he would have issued the said receipt on the letterhead of M/s.Rupali Jwellers. Therefore, the receipt at Exhibit 27 itself appears to be a doubtful document. 9. The Sessions Court has relied upon disclosure statement forming part of panchnama at Exhibit 37 of the first accused that he has sold the gold chip to the applicant. The panch witness to Exhibit 37 have turned hostile and therefore Exhibit 37 has not been proved. (9) Both the attesting witnesses have failed to prove seizure panchnama at Exhibit 38. 10. The Sessions Court has simply relied upon the seizure panchnama at Exhibit 38 for coming to the conclusion that the stolen gold was found in possession of the applicant. Same is the case with the judgment of the learned Magistrate. At this stage it will be necessary to refer to a decision of the Apex Court in the case of Chandmal and Anr. Vs. State of Rajasthan [(1976) 1 Supreme Court Cases 621]. While dealing with the offence under section 411 of the Indian Penal Code where the case was resting entirely on the circumstantial evidence the Apex Court held as under: "14. It is well settled that when a case rests entirely on circumstantial evidence, such evidence must satisfy three tests. Firstly, the circumstances from which an inference of guilt is sought to be drawn, must be cogently and firmly established. Secondly, these circumstances should be of a definite tendency unerringly pointing towards the guilt of the accused. Thirdly, the circumstances, taken cumulatively, should form a chain so complete (10) that there is no escape from the conclusion that within all human probability the crime was committed by the accused and none else. That is to say, the circumstances should be incapable of explanation on any reasonable hypothesis save that of the accused’s guilt." 11. In the present case the prosecution case against the applicant rests only on documents at Exhibit 27, Exhibit 36 and 37. The documents at Exhibit 36 and 37 have not been proved by the attesting witnesses. Thus, the recovery of the gold from the applicant is itself doubtful. These aspects have not been considered by both the Courts below. Both the Courts below have proceeded on assumption that the documents at Exhibit 36 and 37 have been duly proved. 12. In the circumstances, even by taking the evidence of the prosecution witnesses as it is, it is obvious that the allegation that the applicant was found in possession of stolen property has not been proved beyond reasonable doubt. Hence, revision application must succeed and I pass the following order: (i) Revision Application is allowed. (11) (ii) Conviction and sentence of the applicant (accused no.2) is quashed and set aside. (iii) As far as the order regarding return of property is concerned, the same is not disturbed. (A.S.Oka,J)