CR.A/791/2004 1/25 JUDGMENT IN THE HIGH COURT OF GUJARAT AT AHMEDABAD CRIMINAL APPEAL No. 791 of 2004 For Approval and Signature: HONOURABLE MR.JUSTICE R.P.DHOLAKIA HONOURABLE MR.JUSTICE MD SHAH ============================================================== 1 Whether Reporters of Local Papers may be allowed to see the judgment ? 2 To be referred to the Reporter or not ? 3 Whether their Lordships wish to see the fair copy of the judgment ? 4 Whether this case involves a substantial question of law as to the interpretation of the constitution of India, 1950 or any order made thereunder ? 5 Whether it is to be circulated to the civil judge? ============================================================== SULEMAN AHMED HUSSAIN @ TAIGARPIR - Appellant(s) Versus STATE OF GUJARAT - Opponent(s) ============================================================== Appearance : MR MA KHARADI for Appellant(s) : 1 MR JM PANCHAL,SPL PP Assisted by MR RC KODEKAR, APP for respondent ===================================================== CORAM : HONOURABLE MR.JUSTICE R.P.DHOLAKIA and HONOURABLE MR.JUSTICE MD SHAH Date : 25/01/2006 CAV JUDGMENT (Per : HONOURABLE MR.JUSTICE R.P.DHOLAKIA) 1. By way of filing the present appeal, the appellant-Suleman Ahmed Hussain @ Tiger Pir has challenged the impugned order passed by CR.A/791/2004 2/25 JUDGMENT the learned Special Judge (POTA), Ahmedabad, in Criminal Misc. (Bail) Application No.463 of 2004 in POTA Case No.1 of 2003 whereby the application filed by the appellant for bail was rejected. 2. The appellant-Suleman Ahmed Hussain @ Tiger Pir, the original accused No.29 in POTA Case No.1 of 2003, was arrested on 14-3-2002 in connection with the FIR being I.C.R.No.9 of 2002 for the offences punishable under Secs.143, 147, 148, 149, 337, 338, 334, 153- A, 302 and 307 of the IP Code, Secs.141, 151 and 152 of the Indian Railways Act, Secs.3 and 4 of the Prevention of Damages to Properties Act and under Secs.3(2) and 3(3) of the Prevention of Terrorism Act, 2002 for the alleged offence of burning of coach No.S/6 of the Sabarmati Express on 27-2-2002 at 7.45 a.m. near “A” Cabin at Godhra Railway Station resulting in the death of 59 persons and causing serious injuries to 48 persons CR.A/791/2004 3/25 JUDGMENT and also causing damage to the railway properties. 3. Since detailed discussion of the version given in the police papers has been made by the learned Special Judge (POTA), the same are again not reproduced in this judgment. When the train reached the Godhra Railway Station at about 7.43 a.m. i.e. much later than its scheduled time of 2.55 a.m. and after the train started at 7.48 a.m., the chain was pulled around 7.50 a.m. The train started again at 7.55 a.m. but after some distance, the chain was pulled again simultaneously from four compartments at 7.58 a.m. and it stopped only about 332 meters away from the platform near “A” Cabin and the incident is alleged to have happened around 8.00 a.m. when a large number of people from a nearby area including from Signal Faliya had attacked and set on fire the said S/6 compartment. The police papers state that CR.A/791/2004 4/25 JUDGMENT petro cans which were stored in the nearby Aman Guest House in the previous evening were used for setting the compartment on fire. At the time when the train halted, members who wanted to attack the compartment from the mob, pelted stones, banged iron pipes, lathis etc. and by cutting open the vestibule, entered the S/6 compartment, poured inflammable substances like petrol in it and set it on fire. The persons forming an unlawful assembly tried to prevent the passengers from getting down from the burning coach. R.P.F. and other police people reached on the spot and tried to control the mob by firing a few shots. However, the incident appears to have occurred in a very well planned and swift manner, because, within few minutes of halting of the train, it was attacked by a huge mob, armed with lethal weapons and cans of inflammable materials like petrol, kerosene and acid were soon CR.A/791/2004 5/25 JUDGMENT brought and S/6 compartment was set ablaze wherein 59 persons were charred and 48 persons were seriously injured. 4. The FIR was lodged by the engine driver Rajendrarao Raghunantrao Jadav at about 9.35 a.m. on 27-2-2002. A report under Sec.173(2) of Criminal Procedure Code (“Code” for short) was submitted by police on 22-5-2002 qua 54 accused. Reports/Supplementary charge sheets under Sec.173(8) of the Code were sent qua seven accused on 20-9-2002; qua three accused on 19-12-2002, qua two accused each on 16-4- 2003 and 4-5-2003, qua one accused on 19-5- 2003, qua six accused on 3-10-2003, qua two accused on 11-7-2004 and qua three accused on 3-9-2004. Earlier on 2-3-2002, Dy. S.P., Western Railway, requested the Judicial Magistrate (First Class) to add offence under Sec.3(1)(a)(b) of the Prevention of Terrorism Ordinance 2001 (POTA, 2001). Thereafter on 25-3-2002, a communication was sent to CR.A/791/2004 6/25 JUDGMENT learned Judicial Magistrate to keep in abeyance the said provisions of POTA, 2001 at that stage. Thereafter, a request was made by the Dy. S.P., Western Railway to add the offences under Section 3(2)(3) of the Prevention of Terrorism Act, 2002 (hereinafter referred to as “the Act” for short)vide communication dated 18-2-2003 addressed to the learned Addl. Sessions Judge. 5. In view of the provisions of Sec.56 of the Act, the provisions of the Act have an overriding effect over the provisions of any other enactment. Secs.49(6) and 49(7) of the Act impose additional restrictions on granting of bail. However, in view of the proviso to Sub-section (7), these restrictions will not apply after the expiry of one year from the date of detention of the accused for an offence under the Act. The bail application in this case was made CR.A/791/2004 7/25 JUDGMENT admittedly one year after the accused was detained. 6. Prior to filing of this appeal, the appellant preferred an application for bail in Sessions Case No.172 of 2002. However, it was rejected. Thereafter, he preferred Criminal Misc. Application No.7411 of 2002 in the High Court. Since supplementary charge sheet was filed on 28-9-2002, the said application was permitted to be withdrawn. He thereafter preferred another application for bail being in Sessions Case No.172 of 2002 in the court below. However, it was rejected on 24-1-2003 against which, Cri.Misc.Appln.No.863 of 2003 was preferred before the High Court. It was however rejected. During the pendency of said application, as the provisions of POTA Act was invoked, he preferred Criminal Misc. Application No.463 of 2004 into the Court of Special Judge, POTA, under Section 49 of the POTA Act. However, it was also rejected by CR.A/791/2004 8/25 JUDGMENT the Court below. Hence, the present appeal has been filed by the appellant. 7. While rejecting the said application, the learned Special Judge (POTA) observed that only one witness whose statement under Sec.164 of the Code has been recorded by I.O. on 3-3-2002 has named the appellant along with his presence, role and weapon alleged carried with him and his name has been kept as secret. The weapon allegedly carried by the appellant was recovered from him. However, the question regarding the legality of the recovery can obviously be considered by the Court at the time of trial. However, facts remain that his name and active involvement along with lethal weapon has been established from the statement of above referred witness. Not only that, there is his own statement on record recorded under Sec.32 of the Act along with voluminous evidence involving the appellant prima faice with the CR.A/791/2004 9/25 JUDGMENT crime in question. Now the question comes whether he was there on the spot or not as appeared from the statement of above referred witness. If he was there out of curiosity, there was no necessity to carry the weapon with him. It was further held by the court below that there was not only the criminal conspiracy to burn the train but there was preparation to execute the said conspiracy on the previous day and before. The factors such as purchase of petrol, collection of the same at a secret place, gathering of information about arrival of the train, instigating people under the pretext of abduction of a girl, stopping the train at the area where dominantly people of particularly community resided and gathering of a huge crowd within no time at the place of the incident were taken into consideration by the court below coupled with the fact that admittedly 59 persons were killed of whom 27 were children CR.A/791/2004 10/25 JUDGMENT and women. The appellant was arrested with the weapon. It was also held by the court below that the appellant was not a regular passenger travelling in the train but was there as part of the unlawful assembly for execution of conspiracy. Since the prima facie involvement of the appellant was found from the statement of the witnesses whose name was kept as secret, his bail application was rejected. It was the contention of the appellant that his first name “Pir” and his alias name “Tiger” were mentioned but his father's name was not mentioned from the very beginning. However, when the witness and the appellant were knowing each other, question of misidentification does not arise at all. Over and above, his own statement under Sec.32 of the Act is also there on record. 8. We have heard learned counsel for the appellant, Mr.Kharadi and learned Special Public Prosecutor, Mr.J.M.Panchal, for the CR.A/791/2004 11/25 JUDGMENT respondent-State assisted by learned APP, Mr.R.C.Kodekar. 9. Mr.Kharadi, the learned counsel for the appellant, submitted that there is no evidence against the present appellant and no discovery or recovery has been effected from him. He further submitted that there is s statement of only one eye-witness, whose identity has been kept secret, who named the appellant. Except the secret statement of this witness, there is nothing against him and, therefore, he should be enlarged on bail. According to him, no test identification parade has been held at any point of time and the accused is alleged to have been present with the weapon. However, there is no discovery in the eye of law. Hence, according to him, there is no iota of evidence to connect the present appellant with the crime in question. He further submitted that there are two types of CR.A/791/2004 12/25 JUDGMENT conspiracies in the present incident out of which, the present appellant was not shown as conspirator in the first part of conspiracy who have conspired in the incident. According to him, the appellant can at the most be connected with the second part of conspiracy and that too vis-a-vis the evidence of only one witness whose name is kept as secret and hence, the role of the appellant cannot be considered with the core group who have conspired the main offence. He further submitted that there are no other independence evidence connecting the appellant with the crime in question. Taking us through the above referred statement and other statements upon which reliance has been placed apart from the reasoned order passed by the court below, he submitted that the appellant is totally innocent but he has been involved in the crime in question only on the ground of he being from the minority CR.A/791/2004 13/25 JUDGMENT community. 10. Learned Special P.P. Mr.J.M.Panchal, assisted by the Learned Additional Public Prosecutor, Mr.R.C.Kodekar, submitted that there is a conspiracy revealed from the secret statement, copy of which is already supplied to the other side. It is the case of prosecution that in pursuance of the conspiracy, S/6 compartment of the Sabarmati Express was set on fire. He further submitted that it was the intention of the accused that the persons who travelled in the train roasted alive. Moreover, the fire brigade when called was also not permitted to put out the fire and was stopped by the crowd. There is no mistaken identity as the accused knew the witness from the beginning and the name of the accused is made amply clear by the witness and, therefore, no benefit can be given to the accused in the absence of test identification parade. He also took us to the CR.A/791/2004 14/25 JUDGMENT Section 120(b) of the I.P.C. and submitted that mere presence of the accused would be sufficient to involve the accused in crime in question. In this regard, he took us through the specific statements of PW-223, PW-224, PW-225, PW-374 and PW-375. He further submitted that there is no possibility of creating any evidence. The statement of witness, whose identity has been kept secret, recorded on 03.03.2002, specifically mentioned the name of all the accused together with their role in the incident. He further submitted that said statement is very specific and categorical about the role of this accused not as a mere passive onlooker but the person present in the mob with lethal weapon. He further submitted that this is not the stage for the Court to appreciate the evidence and it can be done at the time of trial. He has submitted that there was no personally enmity between the passengers and CR.A/791/2004 15/25 JUDGMENT the accused. He also further submitted that statement of the accused under Section 32 of Shaukat Bhana of POTA can be used qua him and under Section 30 of the Evidence Act qua others. No overt act according to the learned Special P.P. is must if a person knowingly abates and instigates and hence, he certainly would be responsible under same. It is therefore requested that this appeal be rejected. He also submitted that there was the statement of witness recorded under Secs.164 of the Code and Sec.32 of the Act as regards the nature of conspiracy. Generally there will not be any direct evidence as regards hatching of conspiracy is concerned. Here in this case, according to him, there are evidence on record to that effect also. He submitted that there was sufficient prima facie material to show that a watch was being kept for the arrival of the train as a part of conspiracy. Taking us through the CR.A/791/2004 16/25 JUDGMENT relevant papers, he submitted that 7-8 containers of petrol of 20 litres each were brought in the previous night and stored at the Aman Guest House, which is very near to the place of the incident. To stop the train near “A” Cabin, i.e. the place convenient to attack from the nearby Signal Faliya and other localities, chain pulling was done in four compartments. The mob was instigated to carry on their attack by announcements from a nearby mosque. The movement of containers in which inflammable material was brought and the compartment was set on fire were seen by various witnesses. According to him, the gathering of such a huge mob and attacking with lethal weapons by setting the compartment on fire with inflammable substances within minutes of halting the train would clearly establish the formation of an unlawful assembly and hatching of conspiracy to achieve the common CR.A/791/2004 17/25 JUDGMENT object. Because of the incident, riots broke out in the city and the injured had to be looked after and inquest panchnama was to be drawn. Apart from that, several persons were taken in custody on the spot and in view of the magnitude of the incident, arrest panchnamas could not be drawn immediately but could be drawn later on in the evening and statements of the police personnel apprehending some of the accused on the spot were recorded on 1.3.2002. In view of the aforesaid, it cannot be said that the evidence appearing against the appellant is concocted. Lastly, he submitted that the presence of the present appellant with his active role has been prima facie established along with weapon and, therefore, he should not be released on bail looking to his direct involvement into the crime in question. 11. The entire evidence shown to us by the learned counsel for the respective parties CR.A/791/2004 18/25 JUDGMENT together with the well reasoned order of the court below pertaining to the case has been gone in detail by us. The submissions made by the learned counsel appearing for the respective parties were also considered by us. We would not be able to opine on the reliability or otherwise of the evidence on any argumentative grounds. According to us, statements recorded of the witnesses under Section 164 of the Code and under Section 32 of the Act as well as other record prima facie indicate that substantial quantity of inflammable substance like petrol had been accumulated at a nearby place prior in point of time and immediately the train was halted by pulling chain at about 8.00 a.m. on 27-2-2002, S/6 compartment was set on fire with the same. It is clear from the statements that two meetings had taken place in the Aman Guest House, Signal Faliya, Godhra in the night of 26-2-2002 from CR.A/791/2004 19/25 JUDGMENT where specific instruction of Maulvi Hussain Umarji for setting S/6 compartment of the Sabarmati Express coming from Ayodhya on fire was communicated by Haji Bilal and Faruk Bhana. The owner of the guest house and his accomplice were given the work of collecting petrol in the night of 26-2-2002 itself and 140 litres of petrol were collected from a nearby petrol pump and kept in Aman Guest House in the night of 26-2-2002 and as a part of conspiracy, the movement of train was verified from the Godhra Railway Station in the early hours of 27-2-2002. Soon after the first chain pulling was done at the platform immediately after the train started, the chain pulling was done simultaneously from various compartments. Thereafter, the petrol cans stored at Aman Guest House were taken in a goods rickshaw near the "A" cabin and the compartment was set on fire by putting burning rags inside the compartment CR.A/791/2004 20/25 JUDGMENT and through broken windows by the miscreants. Some of the miscreants forcibly entered the compartment by cutting open the vestibule and poured the petrol there. None of the passengers were permitted to come out from the compartment by the miscreants by creating a terrorized atmosphere and also by beating them and pelting of stones. In order to instigate the mob, provocative slogans were announced through the loudspeaker from a nearby mosque. As a consequence of the above referred incident, 59 persons were charred to death and 48 persons were seriously injured apart from causing damage to the railway properties. 12. From the aforesaid, it is prima facie established that there is sufficient material to indicate that conspiracy was hatched for attacking the compartment in which Kar Sevaks were travelling from Ayodhya and that inflammable material was collected on the CR.A/791/2004 21/25 JUDGMENT previous night of 27-2-2002 in the Aman Guest House, which was very near to "A" cabin where the train was halted after simultaneous pulling of chain from four compartments and where a mob of 900 persons attacked the train and some of them set the S/6 compartment on fire by using petrol collected in the previous evening and the whole conspiracy was successfully completed. All the aforesaid prima facie indicate that it was a well thought out plan for achieving the common object of committing the crime in question. 13. As regards the contention of the learned counsel for the appellant that his first name “Pir” and his alias name “Tiger” were mentioned but his father's name was not mentioned from the very beginning, it may be noted that the witness and the appellant were knowing each other and hence, there is no question of misidentification. Over and CR.A/791/2004 22/25 JUDGMENT above, his own statement under Sec.32 of the Act is also there on record. As far as the conspiracy is concerned, it has been dealt with by the court below at length after considering various decisions of the Honourable Apex Court and same has been reproduced with ratio by the court below. Since we are totally in agreement with the same, we hold that there is a conspiracy as has been held by the court below and therefore, we are not reproducing the same again at this stage. As far as keeping the name of the witness as secret as per the request of the witness is concerned, specific order has been passed keeping in mind the interest of justice and also keeping in mind the endanger to life being faced by the witness. Apart from the above, copy of the said statement has been given to the appellant in advance and hence, the question that name of the witness has not been CR.A/791/2004 23/25 JUDGMENT disclosed and hence cannot be taken into consideration does not sound good. We entirely agree with the finding given by the court below on this aspect also. In these circumstances, we are of the opinion that court below has rightly considered all the aspects of the matter and we do not want to interfere with the same. 14. On an evaluation of the facts and circumstances narrated hereinabove, we are of the opinion that the role attributed to the appellant along with the weapon has been established from the prima facie evidence appearing on record. There is a recovery of weapon from the appellant. However, validity of the said recovery can be decided at the time of trial. Apart from the above, the presence of the appellant and his active role has been established from the statement of secret witness. It is not his case that he was the passenger travelling in the train. It CR.A/791/2004 24/25 JUDGMENT is also not his case that he was part of the team which had gone to welcome those returning from Ayodhya. Further, it is not his case that he was there at the Railway Station for any social cause. However, it is clear from the evidence prima facie appearing on record that he was there as part of the unlawful assembly for fulfilling their common object hatched in the conspiracy. Hence, if the appellant is released on bail, it is more likely that he may not be available for trial looking to the facts that case against the appellant has been prima facie established. It may be noted that some accused are still absconding. We have also considered the impact on the witnesses and the society and also the punishment that might be awarded. We have also considered that some accused are still absconding and are to be apprehended. 15. In the entirety of the facts and circumstances narrated hereinabove, we are of CR.A/791/2004 25/25 JUDGMENT the opinion that the impugned order passed by the learned Special Judge (POTA) is just and proper and no illegality has been committed warranting interference by this Court in this appeal. This appeal is therefore required to be rejected. 16. This appeal is hereby rejected. 17. Since the observations by this Court in this judgment are made for the purpose of deciding this appeal, the same may not prejudice the parties in trial. (R.P.DHOLAKIA,J.) (M.D.SHAH, J.) radhan