THE HON’BLE SRI JUSTICE B. SESHASAYANA REDDY Criminal Appeal No.1375 of 2003 JUDGMENT: A-1 Md.Rahmathali @ Rehmath in Sessions Case No.540 of 2002 on the file of Additional Metropolitan Sessions Judge for trial of communal offence cases-cum-VII Additional Metropolitan Sessions Judge, Nampally, Hyderabad, calls in question in this criminal appeal his conviction and sentence for the offences under Sections 147, 353 r/w.149, 436 r/w.149, 452 r/w.149 and 427 r/w.149 IPC. 2. The prosecution case in brief is:- Viswa Hindu Parishad gave a bandh call on 01.03.2002. As it happened to be on Friday, police personnel were posted at various mosques and sensitive places under the limits of Bhavani Nagar Police Station. After attending prayers at Mecca Masjid, Charminar, Hyderabad, a group of persons indulged in hurling stones on police personnel. Task Force Police were also posted at sensitive places on bandobust duty. On seeing the violent mob, police personnel swung into action and dispersed the mob. Thereafter the mob re-grouped from the side of Amannagar A and B areas and came upon Bhavani Nagar Police Station. PW.1 Hamid Nawaz, PW.2 K.Bal Raj, who are the constables, and PW.3 Syed Md.Khasa, who is the Head Constable, present in the police station. The mob damaged 8 two wheelers parked in front of the police station, glass window pans and one air-cooler. PW.3 Syed Md.Khasa appraised the situation to PW.23 J.Satyanarayana, Circle Inspector of Police, over phone and received instructions to open fire in air. PWs.1 to 3 opened fire in air and thereupon the mob started dispersing. In the meanwhile task force police arrived the scene. PW.17 T.V.S.Suryanarayana, Circle Inspector of Police, Task Force, apprehended A1 and produced before the Station House Officer, Bhavani Nagar P.S. PW.23 J.Satyanarayana, CI of Police, also arrived the scene and opened fire in air to disperse the mob. The mob dispersed in lanes and bi-lanes. He received Ex.P1 report from PW.1 at 3.30 p.m. Based on Ex.P1 report he registered a case in Crime No.19 of 2002 for the offences under Sections 147, 148, 307, 353, 427, 435 r/w.149 IPC and issued Ex.P7 FIR. He took custody of A1 from PW.17 T.V.S.Suryanaryana and thereafter produced him before the Special Investigation Team. He conducted spot panchanama in the presence of PW.11 Syed Khasa and another and got the scene of offence photographed. Ex.P8 is a bunch of photographs numbering 10. He also observed the scene near Fatech Shah Mosque, Talabkatta, where a scooter was found in damaged condition, in the presence of same mediators. Ex.P9 is the Xerox copy of the panchanama. He examined PWs.1 to 6 and 10 and recorded their statements under Section 161 Cr.P.C. He handed over empty cartridges to Special Investigation Team, which came to be seized under the cover of original of Ex.P10 panchanama. After completing the investigation, Inspector of Police, Special Investigation Team, Hyderabad, laid a charge-sheet against the accused numbering 24, before XXIII Metropolitan Magistrate, Nampally, Hyderabad. Since A15 to A24 were stated to be juveniles, case against them came to be placed before the VIII Metropolitan Magistrate, Hyderabad. 3. The learned XXIII Metropolitan Magistrate, Hyderabad, took the charge-sheet on file as P.R.C.No.6 of 2002 against A1 to A14 and committed the case to the Metropolitan Sessions Division, Hyderabad, as the offence under Section 307 IPC is exclusively triable by a Court of Session. The learned Metropolitan Sessions Judge took the case on file as Sessions Case No.540 of 2002 and made over the same to the Court of Additional Metropolitan Sessions Judge for trial of communal offence cases-cum-VII Additional Metropolitan Sessions Judge, Red Hills, Nampally, Hyderabad, for disposal according to Law. 4. Learned Additional Metropolitan Sessions Judge, on hearing the prosecution and the accused, framed the following charges: 1) Against A1 to A14 for the offence under Section 148 IPC; 2) Against A1 to A14 for the offence under Section 153-A IPC; 3) Against A1 to A14 for the offence under Section 307 IPC; 4) Against A1 to A14 for the offence under Section 353 IPC; 5) Against A1 to A14 for the offence under Section 436 IPC; 6) Against A1 to A14 for the offence under Section 452 r/w.149 IPC; 7) Against A1 to a14 for the offence under Section 427 r/w.149 IPC; The learned Additional Metropolitan Sessions Judge read over and explained the charges to the accused, for which the accused pleaded not guilty and claimed to be tried. 5. To bring home the guilt of the accused for the offences with which they stood charged, prosecution examined 23 witnesses and proved 10 documents. The plea of the accused was one of total denial of the case. 6. The learned Additional Metropolitan Sessions Judge, on appreciation of the evidence brought on record and on hearing the prosecution and the accused, found A1 guilty for the offences under Sections 147, 353 r/w.149, 436 r/w.149, 452 r/w.149, and 427 r/w.149 IPC convicted him accordingly and sentenced him to suffer simple imprisonment for a period of one year and pay a fine of Rs.300/-, in default, to suffer simple imprisonment for two months, under each count. All the substantive sentences have been ordered to run concurrently. However, the learned Additional Metropolitan Sessions judge found A2 to A14 not guilty for any of the offences with which they stood charged and acquitted them accordingly, by judgment dated 11.12.2003. Hence, this criminal appeal by the appellant/A1 challenging his conviction and sentence for the offences under Sections 147, 353 r/w.149, 436 r/w.149, 452 r/w.149, and 427 r/w.149 IPC. 7. Heard learned counsel appearing for the appellant/A1 and learned Additional Public Prosecutor appearing for the respondent/State. 8. Learned counsel appearing for the appellant/A1 submits that the appellant/A1 is no way concerned with the unlawful assembly and he has been falsely implicated in this case. He further submits that it is highly unsafe to accept the identification of the appellant/A1 in Court by PWs.1 to 3 many years after the occurrence. A further submission has been made that the evidence of PWs.1 to 3 with regard to the participation of the appellant/A1 in the mob is highly artificial since the mob comprises about 1000 persons and pin pointing the appellant/A1 without giving identification particulars as one among the members of the mob. He would also submit that the case of the appellant/A1 stands on the same footing as that of A10, who has been acquitted by the trial Court and thus the conviction and sentence of the appellant/A1 is not legal and proper and the same is liable to be set aside. 9. Learned Additional Public Prosecutor appearing for the respondent/State supported the judgment under appeal. 10. PW.20 is the panch witness for the scene of offence. He deposed that on 01.03.2002 at 4.00 p.m. Circle Inspector of Police, Bhavani Nagar Police Station, conducted panchanama of the scene of offence and noted the damage caused to the vehicles and also air cooler. Ex.P4 is the scene of offence panchanama. Pw.23 is the Circle Inspector of Police, Bhavani Nagar P.S., who conducted spot panchanama, which has been exhibited as Ex.P4. It is stated by PW.23 that he found the damage caused to 8 two-wheeler vehicles and one air-cooler in the incident. He also noticed breakage of glass windows of the police station. Details of damaged vehicles are mentioned in Ex.P4 panchanama. The evidence of PW.10 fully corroborated the testimony of PW.23 with regard to the damage caused to the property by a mob comprising about 1000 persons. The evidence of PWs.1 to 3, who are the police constables of Bhavani Nagar P.S., clearly established that a good number of people gathered in front of the police station and became violent and resorted to cause damage to the vehicles owned by the police personnel and also caused damage to air-cooler fixed in the room of the Circle Inspector of Police etc. I am in no doubt to conclude that there was unlawful assembly in front of Bhavani Nagar P.S. and the members of the said assembly became violent and resorted to cause damage to the property. 11. The question is whether the appellant/A1 was one among the members of the unlawful assembly. It is contended by the learned counsel appearing for the appellant/A1 that identity of the appellant/A1 as one of the members of the unlawful assembly is highly doubtful and therefore, the appellant/A1 is entitled to acquittal for the offences under Sections 147, 353 r/w.149, 436 r/w.149, 452 r/w.149, and 427 r/w.149 IPC. 12. Before dwelling deep into the identification of the appellant/A1 as one of the members of the unlawful assembly, I deem it appropriate to refer the ingredients of Section 149 IPC. Section 149 IPC reads as hereunder: “149. Every member of unlawful assembly guilty of offence committed in prosecution of the common object:- If an offence is committed by any member of an unlawful assembly in prosecution of the common object of that assembly, or such as the members of that assembly knew to be likely to be committed in prosecution of that object, every person who, at the time of the committing of that offence, is a member of the same assembly, is guilty of that offence.” It consists of two parts. The first part of the section means that the offence to be committed in prosecution of the common object must be one, which is committed with a view to accomplish the common object. In order that the offence may fall within the first part, the offence must be connected immediately with the common object of the unlawful assembly of which the accused was member. Even if the offence committed is not in direct prosecution of the common object of the assembly, it may yet fall under Section 141, if it can be held that the offence was such as the members knew was likely to be committed and this is what is required in the second part of the section. An object is entertained in the human mind, and it being merely a mental attitude, no direct evidence can be available and, like intention, has generally to be gathered from the act, which the person commits, and the result there from. Though no hard and fast rule can be laid down under the circumstances from which the common object can be culled out, it may reasonably be collected from the nature of the assembly, arms it carries and behaviour at the time of or before or after the occurrence. Common object, as contemplated by Section 149 IPC, does not require prior concert or meeting of minds before the attack. Generally no direct evidence is available regarding the existence of common object, which in each case, has to be ascertained from the attending facts and circumstances. Question whether the members shared the common object to cause the murder of the deceased has to be decided on the basis of nature of the weapons used by such members, the manner and sequences of attack made by them on the deceased and the settings and surroundings under which the occurrence took place. It is well settled that under Section 149 IPC the liability of the members for the offences committed during the continuance of the occurrence rests upon the fact whether the other persons knew before hand that the offence actually committed was likely to commit in prosecution of the common object. Such knowledge may reasonably collected from the nature of the assembly, arms or behaviour, on or before the occurrence- vide decision of the Supreme Court in Bunnilal Choudary v. State of Bihar[1] 13. The prosecution examined 23 witnesses and proved 10 documents to bring home the guilt of the accused for the offences with which they stood charged. PWs.1 and 2 are the police constables and PW.3 is the head constable, who remained in the police station on the date of occurrence. The other police personnel of Bhavani Nagar P.S. were deployed at various places on Bandobust duty in view of the bandh call being given by Viswa Hindu Parishad and more particularly that day happened to be a Friday. PW.4 was a police constable. He was on duty along with two other constables at Bibi Bazaar Crossroad for bandobust duty. PW.5 was a constable in Bhavani Nagar P.S. and he was on patrolling duty from Bibi Bazaar to Zohar Bi Crossroad on the date of occurrence. PW.6 is the victim in the hands of the mob and he received injuries on head and left leg. Some of the members of the unlawful assembly snatched away his wristwatch and money purse. His scooter was also burnt by the miscreants. He was sent by the police to Osmania hospital for treatment. He did not identify the accused facing trail as members of the unlawful assembly. Therefore, his evidence is of no use for the prosecution. PW.7 is a constable. He was on bandobust duty at Quba Mosque in view of the Bharath Bandh organized by Viswa Hindu Parishad. By the time he returned to police station, he found his scooter bearing No.AP-11-A-6048 got burnt by the members of the unlawful assembly. PW.8 is police constable in Task Force, West Zone. He was posted on bandobust duty at Mecca Masjid. He deposed that about 1.30 p.m. after the Friday prayers, a mob about 200 members came out from the mosque raising slogans and they hurled stones on police and thereby he received injury on right leg, right fore arm. He further deposed that police resorted to lathi charge and thereby the mob dispersed. He was referred to Osmania General hospital for treatment. He did not identify any of the accused as members of the unlawful assembly. PW.9 is a police constable. He deposed that on the date of incident at about 2.30 p.m. a mob comprising 100 people attacked Bhavani Nagar P.S. and hurled stones and damaged vehicles parked in front of the police station. He also deposed that sentry police fired two rounds in the air to disperse the mob. PW.10 is a member of Mythri Committee. He deposed that police fired in the air to disperse the mob gathered at the police station. He did not support the prosecution with regard to presence of the appellant/A1 in the mob. Therefore, the prosecution declared him hostile and marked his 161 Cr.P.C. statement as Ex.P2. PW.11 is a Mythri Volunteer. On the date of incident he was posted at Bibi Bazaar along with Circle Inspector of Police. He deposed that at about 2.30 or 3.00 p.m. a mob comprising 200 to 300 persons came from Mecca Masjid and hurled stones on the police and thereupon police fired in air and dispersed the mob. He also deposed that the mob attacked Bhavani Nagar P.S. and burnt vehicles parked in front of the police station. He identified A1 as one among the members of the unlawful assembly. PW.12 is the head constable in task force, north zone. He was posted on bandobust duty on the date of occurrence in view of the bandh call given by Viswa Hindu Parishad. He received information on VHP set about the attack of mob on Bhavani Nagar P.S. He along with Local Circle Inspector of Police, and C.I.- Chandrasekhar of Task Force rushed to the police station and C.I.- Suryanarayana chased the mob and apprehended A1 and handed over A1 to local police. PW.13 is constable in Bhavani Nagar P.S. He was on patrolling duty on the date of incident. He returned to the police station at 3.00 p.m. and found that many vehicles got burnt. His vehicle bearing No.A.P.28 AC 1008 was one of the vehicles burnt by the mob. Pw.14 is A.P.S.P. constable. He was posted on bandobust duty at Kummarawadi in view of the bandh call given by Viswa Hindu Parishad. He returned to the police station at 3.00 p.m. and found his vehicle got damaged by the mob. PW.15 is a police stable in Bhavani Nagar P.S. He deposed that at about 3.00 p.m. he returned to Bhavani Nagar P.S. and found that his vehicle got burnt by the mob, which came from Mecca Masjid. PW.16 runs a hotel near Mata Ke Khid Ki. He did not support the prosecution and prosecution declared him hostile and marked his 161 Cr.P.C. statement as Ex.P3. PW.17 is the Circle Inspector of Police, Task force. On the date of incident, he was deputed to Mecca Mosque for bandobust duty. He deposed that on the date of the incident at about 2.00 p.m. he received message with regard to a mob of 100 youths armed with sticks and stones attacked Bhavani Nagar P.S. He rushed to the spot along with his team. In the meanwhile, west zone task force led by C.I.-Chandrasekhar also reached the scene. He found about 1000 persons attacking Bhavani Nagar P.S. by hurling stones and damaging the property. He opened fire in order to control the mob and the mob started dispersing. He caught the appellant/A1, who was indulging in violence, and produced him before the Circle Inspector of Police, Bhavani Nagar P.S. (PW.23 T.Suryanarayana). PW.18 is the constable in Bhavani Nagar P.S. He was posted on bandobust duty at Fatech Khan Mosque. By the time he returned to Bhavani Nagar P.S. he found many vehicles including his Luna bearing No.ABY 7612 got damaged. PW.19 is the Circle Inspector of Police, Task Force, West Zone. He was posted on bandobust duty at Charminar Bus Stand. He deposed that on the date of incident about 500 to 600 Muslim youth came out from Mecca Mosque raising slogans and hurling stones on the police and on property. He further deposed that he appealed to the mob through public announcement system to disperse them, but in vain and therefore, the police started chasing the mob and thereby mob came to be dispersed. He further deposed that he noticed a mob of 300 persons indulging in violence by pelting stones at Bhavani Nagar P.S. and setting fire to the vehicles parked there. He opened fire in the air with his IMM pistol and at the same time, Bhavani Nagar P.S. also opened fire in the air and thereby dispersed the mob. He received injuries on right fore arm and took treatment at Osmania General Hospital, as out patient. PW.20 is the panch witness for the scene of offence. He speaks of damage caused to the vehicles parked in front of Bhavani Nagar P.S. Ex.P4 is the panchanama, which is attested by him. PW.21 is the doctor, who treated PW.19. Ex.P5 is the medical certificate issued by him in respect of the injuries received by PW.19. PW.22 is the Circle Inspector of Police, Special Investigation Team. He took up investigation in Crime No.19 of 2002 of Bhavani Nagar P.S. pursuant to the orders passed by the Commissioner of Police. After completing the investigation, he laid charge-sheet. PW.23 is the Circle Inspector of Police, Bhavani Nagar P.S. On the date of incident he was at Bibi Bazar Cross Road. On coming to know of the attack on the police station, he instructed PW.3 to open fire in the air to disperse the mob. He also proceeded to Bhavani Nagar P.S. and also fired four rounds in air. The mob dispersed into lanes and bi-lanes. He returned Bhavani Nagar P.S. and received Ex.P1 report from PW.1 and registered a case in Crime No.19 of 2002 for the offences under Sections 147, 148, 307, 353, 427, 435 r/w.149 IPC and issued Ex.P7 FIR. He conducted spot panchanama in the presence of PW.11 and another. He got the scene of offence photographed. He also conducted panchanama near Fatech Shah Mosque, Talabkatta, where he found a scooter in damaged condition. Ex.P4 is the scene of offence spot panchanama. Ex.P9 is the Xerox copy of the panchanama. Ex.P8 is a bunch of photographs of the scene of offence. He examined PWs.1 to 7 and LW.4 Buchaiah and recorded their statements under Section 161 Cr.P.C. He handed over the appellant/A1, who came to be apprehended by PW.17, to Special Investigation Team along with case file. 14. PWs.1 to 3 categorically stated that they identified A1 among the mob, which became violent and caused damage to the vehicles parked in front of Bhavani Nagar P.S. and also air-cooler in the police station. PW.17 is the Circle Inspector of Police, Task Force. He stated that he caught hold of the appellant/A1 while indulging in violence. He handed over the custody of the appellant/A1 to Circle Inspector of Police, Bhavani Nagar P.S., who has been examined as PW.23, who in turn handed over the custody of the appellant/A1 to Special Investigation Team. The name of the appellant/A1 finds place in the report given by PW.1. The time gap between the occurrence and Ex.P1 report is so small to concoct a distorted version of the incident. The evidence brought on record clearly established that the appellant/A1 was one of the members of the unlawful assembly. The prosecution is able to prove beyond reasonable doubt that the unlawful assembly became violent and resorted to cause damage to the property and also prevented the police personnel from discharging their duties. Therefore, the conviction and sentence of the appellant/A1 for the offences under Sections 147, 353 r/w.149, 436 r/w.149, 452 r/w.149 and 427 r/w.149 IPC is legal and proper and the same is not liable to be interfered in this criminal appeal. 15. Accordingly, the criminal appeal fails and it is hereby dismissed. The bail bonds furnished by the appellant/A1 shall stand cancelled. The appellant/A1 shall surrender before the trial Court to serve out the balance of sentence of imprisonment imposed on him for the offences under Sections 147, 353 r/w.149, 436 r/w.149, 452 r/w.149 and 427 r/w.149 IPC. ______________________ B.SESHASAYANA REDDY, J. Date: 19th April, 2008. cs [1] (2006) 10 SCC 639