IN THE HIGH COURT OF GUJARAT AT AHMEDABAD SPECIAL CIVIL APPLICATION No 4644 of 2002 For Approval and Signature: Hon'ble MR.JUSTICE C.K.BUCH ============================================================ 1. Whether Reporters of Local Papers may be allowed : YES to see the judgements? 2. To be referred to the Reporter or not? : NO 3. Whether Their Lordships wish to see the fair copy : NO of the judgement? 4. Whether this case involves a substantial question : NO of law as to the interpretation of the Constitution of India, 1950 of any Order made thereunder? 5. Whether it is to be circulated to the Civil Judge? : NO @ KANUBHA GULABSING DARBAR Versus DISTRICT MAGISTRATE -------------------------------------------------------------- Appearance: 1. Special Civil Application No. 4644 of 2002 MR MC BAROT for Petitioner No. 1 MR AY KOGJE Ld. AGP for Respondent No. 1-3 -------------------------------------------------------------- CORAM : MR.JUSTICE C.K.BUCH Date of decision: 09/07/2002 ORAL JUDGEMENT In this petition under Article 226 of the Constitution of India the petitioner-detenu has challenged the legality and validity of the detention order passed by the District Magistrate, Banaskantha at Palanpur dated 3.4.2002 in exercise of powers vested under him by sub-section 3(2) of the Prevention of Anti-Social Activities Act, 1985 (hereinafter referred to as 'the PASA Act'). The petitioner has been branded as chronic 'bootlegger' and while recording the subjective satisfaction, the District Magistrate, Banskantha at Palanpur has considered the fact that the detenu is an accused in an offence registered with Shihori Police Station punishable under the Bombay Prohibition Act on 13.12.2001. He has also placed reliance on two different statements given by two unnamed witnesses on 5.2.202. The statement of the first witness discloses some incidents occurred on 24.12.2001 at about 1.30p.m. on the High-way passing through the out-skirt of the village Shihori. The second witness has narrated one incident of 14.1.2002. The details of these witnesses has not been given to the detenu as the detaining authority has claimed privilege under sec. 9(2) of the Act. In the offence registered with Shihori Police Station, the prohibited liquor worth Rs. 39,600/ was seized by the police and as per the FIR, the raiding party could not arrest the accused as the accused had run away on locating the raiding party. Ultimately, he was arrested on 2.2.2002. The petitioner has challenged the legality and validity of the order and continued detention on number of grounds, however, learned counsel for the petitioner has focussed her arguments mainly on two points. The first point assailing the legality of the order is that in the present case, the statement of witnesses whose names are not disclosed were not verified by the detaining authority itself. So, when the detaining authority itself had not ascertained about the alleged apprehension in the mind of these two witnesses as to their safety, the authority could not have claimed the privilege under sec.9(2) of the Act. In support of her argument, she has placed reliance on the decision in the case of Bai Amina w/o. Ibrahim Abdul Rahim Alla vs. State of Gujarat & Ors., reported in 22 GLR P. 1186. The ratio of this decision was referred to the Full Bench of this Court where the Full Bench has observed that we are also of the opinion that even otherwise also it cannot be said that Bai Amina's case does not laid down a good law. The Full Bench further held, while appreciating the ratio of the decision of Bai Amina's case when this Court was dealing with the case of Chandrakant N. Patel vs. State of Gujarat & Ors., reported in 1994(1) GLR p. 761 that:- "the observation which have been made as to when and how the privilege can be claimed are made with a view to show what can be regarded as sufficient for the purpose of claiming privilege; and, when exercise of the privilege can be regarded as bona fide. Whether that privilege has been exercised bona fide and properly or not obviously will have to be decided in each case by reference to the facts of that case." So, it is rightly argued that the ratio of the decision of Bai Amina's case reflected in para-16 and 17 of the decision has been approved by the Full Bench inthe case of Chandrakant N. Patel. I have carefully considered both statement by which the detaining authority has claimed privilege under sec. 9(2) of the Act. On the strength of the fact reflected in these two statements, the authority has recorded two different subjective satisfaction. The first satisfaction recorded by the authority is that considering the registered criminal offences and the facts reveal by these two statements, the activity of the detenu is dangerous and prejudicial to the maintenance of public order and the second satisfaction recorded by the authority that the names and other details of these two witnesses are required to be concealed otherwise the safety of these two witnesses or their family members will be adversely affected. Ld. AGP Mr. AY Kogje has placed reliance on the decision in the case of Champakbhai Madhubhai Vasava vs. District Magistrate, Bharuch & Ors., reported in 1997(2) GLH P. 60 and has submitted that the duty of the detaining authority is to strike a balance between the public interest in giving a person under preventive detention, a reasonable opportunity to make an effective representation against the order of detention by referring to the witnesses and by explaining on their statements should not be acted upon and the public interest in protecting the witness for nondisclosure of their names and addresses. In this cited case, the relevant para of the decision in the case of Chandrakant N.Patel, referred to hereinabove is also quoted in para-15 of the judgment. So, formal verification of the statement by the detaining authority is not important according to Mr. Kogje but the important is that the detaining authority must feel satisfied that this is a case where the names and other details of the witness should be kept secret and the same does not requires to be disclosed. Ultimately, this cited decision has accepted the ratio propounded in the case of Chandrakant N. Patel, (supra) after referring to different decisions including the decision in the case of Bai Amina (supra). On facts, the Division Bench found that the authority has exercised privilege under sec. 9(2) of the Act bona fide while upholding the decision of ld. Single Judge. The Division Bench observed that while considering this aspect in details the ld. Single Judge has rightly held that the privilege claimed by the authority has been rightly claimed. In this cited decision, the detenu was found involved in three different criminal cases registered on 3.12.1994, 20.3.1996 and 21.3.1996 . Over and above these three offences, five different statements recorded by the police i.e. P.S.I. Rajpipla which were also placed before the detaining authority. The Division Bench felt satisfied with the finding recorded by the ld. Single Judge that the authority has exercised the privilege under sec. 9(2) of the Act in the public interest. Copyof the decision of the ld.Single Judge is not before this Court. But, in this cited case, it seems that there must be something on record and it was possible to hold that the apprehension expressed by the witnesses is genuine and the satisfaction is rightly recorded by the detaining authority. The facts of the present case, as mentioned hereinabove, is totally different. The present petitioner, is found involved in only one criminal case and it would be appropriate to mention that one of the witness has said in his statement that he has witnessed an incident on the High-way of quarrel between the detenu and a Jeep driver who had purchased a bottle of liquor from him. Undisputedly, in the present case, the statement of witnesses have not been verified by the authority nor it is specifically mentioned in the grounds of detention that the authority itself has tried to get satisfied about the genuineness of the apprehension expressed by the authority. This informity goes to the root of the validity of the order of detention. The ratio of the decision reported in the case of Zakirbhai Rahimbhai Nagori vs. District Magistrate, Mehsana & Ors.reported in 1996(1) GLH p. 300 also relevant and it helps the petitioner. The second point submitted by the learned counsel for the petitioner is delay in passing the detention order. Undisputedly, the DY.S.P. who had verified the statement of two witnesses had recorded the verification on 12.2.2002. The order of detention is passed on 3.4.2002. So, there is a clear delay of more than 1 and 1/2 months. This delay has not been reasonably explained by the detaining authority. So, the subjective satisfaction recorded by the authority in exercise of powers under sec. 3 to prevent certain activities prejudicial to the maintenance of public order vitiates. So, on this point also the order of detention cannot sustain. It is not necessary to discuss other points agitated by the petitioner. In the result, this petition is allowed. The impugned order of detention dated 3.4.2002 passed by District Magistrate, Banskantha at Palanpur is hereby quashed and set aside. The detenu is ordered to be set at liberty forthwith, if he is not required to be detained in any other case. Rule is made absolute. Direct service permitted. (C.K. BUCH, J.) mandora/