IN THE HIGH COURT OF KERALA AT ERNAKULAM PRESENT : THE HONOURABLE MR. JUSTICE T.R.RAMACHANDRAN NAIR WEDNESDAY, THE 31ST AUGUST 2011 / 9TH BHADRA 1933 OP.No. 17981 of 2001(N) ----------------------------- PETITIONER(S): ------------------- S. SASI, DRIVER GRADE II, RUBBER BOARD, REGIONAL LABORATORY, K.P. ROAD, ADOOR. BY ADV. SRI.P.C.SASIDHARAN SRI.N.RAMADAS RESPONDENT(S): --------------------- 1. THE ADDITIONAL SECRETARY TO GOVERNMENT OF INDIA, MINISTRY OF COMMERCE AND INDUSTRY, (DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE), PLANTATION BUILDING, NEW DELHI. 2. CHAIRMAN, RUBBER BOARD, HEAD OFFICE, KOTTAYAM. 3. THE RUBBER BOARD - REPRESENTED BY ITS SECRETARY, HEAD OFFICE, SUB JAIL ROAD, KOTTAYAM. R1 BY GOVT. PLEADER SMT.M.J. RAJASHREE R2 & R3 BY SRI.JOSEPH MARKOSE, SENIOR ADVOCATE THIS ORIGINAL PETITION HAVING BEEN FINALLY HEARD ON 03/08/2011, THE COURT ON 31/08/2011 DELIVERED THE FOLLOWING: svs O.P. NO. 17981/2001 APPENDIX PETITIONER'S EXHIBITS: P1: COPY OF THE MEMO ISSUED TO THE PETITIONER BY THE 2ND RESPONDENT DATED 17/04/1998. P2: COPY OF THE ORDER DATED 28/07/1998 ISSUED BY THE 2ND RESPONDENT. P3: COPY OF THE ORDER DATED 20/02/2001 OF THE 1ST RESPONDENT. P4: COPY OF THE RELEVANT PORTION OF THE RULES. P5: COPY OF THE ORDER NO.3/23/1(3)/96/EST DATED 08/05/1996. P6: COPY OF THE ORDER ISSUED BY THE 2ND RESPONDENT DATED 23/10/1996. P7: COPY OF THE ORDER NO.3/23/1(3)/99/EST DATED 29/11/1999 P8: COPY OF THE COMMUNICATION NO.3/23/99/EST DATED 15/06/1999 RESPONDENT'S EXHIBITS: NIL /TRUE COPY/ P.A. TO JUDGE. svs T.R. Ramachandran Nair, J. - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - O.P. No. 17981 of 2001-N - - - - -- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - Dated this the 31st day of August, 2011. JUDGMENT The petitioner is aggrieved by the minor penalty imposed in a disciplinary proceedings which has been confirmed by the revisional authority. The main ground raised, challenging the orders, is one of non compliance of the principles of natural justice, in not furnishing the copy of the enquiry report, before issuance of notice proposing the penalty. 2. The petitioner, while working as Driver Grade II under the Rubber Board, was subjected to disciplinary proceedings on the basis of various allegations. The enquiry officer, after conducting a detailed enquiry, submitted the report on 27.1.1998. The conclusion was that the charges levelled against the petitioner could not be established beyond doubt. 3. The petitioner thereafter was served with Ext.P1 memo by the disciplinary authority, viz. the second respondent herein, wherein after disagreeing with certain conclusions of the Enquiry Officer, a provisional decision was taken to impose punishment of stopping two increments with cumulative effect. The petitioner was given an opportunity to make op 17981/2001 2 representation in the matter including the penalty as well as the reasons furnished for disagreement. The copy of the enquiry report was enclosed with the notice. 4. After the petitioner submitted a detailed explanation, the disciplinary authority, overruling the objections of the petitioner, by a detailed order imposed the penalty of withholding of next two increments for a period of two years without cumulative effect. The petitioner filed a revision petition against the same before the Government of India and by Ext.P3 the same was dismissed. The petitioner is also seeking for a direction to promote him to the post of Driver Grade I from the date on which it is fell due. 5. A detailed counter affidavit has been filed by respondents 2 and 3. In para 10 of the counter affidavit, they have denied the allegation of violation of the principles of natural justice. Reliance is placed on the relevant rules of the Rubber Board Service (Classification, Control and Appeal) Rules, 1961 (for short 'the Rules'). 6. Heard learned counsel for the petitioner and learned Standing Counsel for the Rubber Board. Learned counsel for the petitioner raised the following arguments: It is submitted that the non furnishing of the report of the enquiry officer has violated the principles of natural justice and op 17981/2001 3 therefore the entire proceedings imposing the penalty, will have to be quashed. It is pointed out that when the disciplinary authority has chosen to disagree with the findings of the enquiry officer, the petitioner should have been heard on the said aspect. Herein, a notice proposing the penalty alone was issued. In that context, the learned counsel relied upon various decisions of the Apex Court and of this Court. They are: K. Chamy v. Senior Regional Manager and others (ILR 1998 (1) Ker. 633), Punjab National Bank and others v. Kuni Behari Misra {(1998) 7 SCC 84}, Yoginath D. Bagde v. State of Maharashtra and another {(1999) 7 SCC 739} and Thomas C.V. v. K.S.E.B. and others (ILR 2008 (2) Ker. 774). 7. Learned Standing Counsel for the Rubber Board submitted that herein the penalty imposed is only a minor one. Rule 10, sub-rule 10(i)(a) of the Rules provides for furnishing a copy of the report of the Inquiring Authority only in cases where any of the penalties specified in clauses (iv) to (vii) of Rule 9 is proposed to be imposed, namely major penalty. Therefore, it is pointed out that as a matter of right, the petitioner is not entitled to be furnished with a copy of the enquiry report at that stage. It is further pointed out even otherwise that the penalty imposed being only a minor one, it is not the requirement of the law that the enquiry report should op 17981/2001 4 be furnished before the notice proposing punishment is issued. In that context, the decision of a Division Bench of this Court in Damodaran Pillai v. State of Kerala (2010 (4) KLT 769) is relied upon. It is further pointed out, by relying upon the said judgment and the decisions of the Apex Court in I.D.L. Chemicals Ltd. v. T.Gattalah and others (1995 Supp (3) SCC 573) and Haryana Financial Corporation and another v. Kailash Chandra Ahuja {(2008) 9 SCC 31) that only if the person concerned establishes that prejudice has been caused by the non supply of enquiry report, then alone the plea need be considered. 8. The relevant rules relied upon by the learned counsel for the contesting respondents, are Sub-rules 10(i) and 10(ii) of Rule 10 of the Rules which are extracted below: “(1)(i) If the Disciplinary Authority, having regard to its finding on the charges, is of the opinion that any of the penalties specified in clauses (iv) to (vii) of rule 9 should be imposed, it shall,-- (a) furnish to the Board's employee a copy of the report of the Inquiring Authority and, where the Disciplinary Authority is not the Inquiring Authority, a statement of its findings together with brief reasons for disagreement, if any, with the findings of the Inquiring Authority; and (b) give the Board's employee a notice stating the penalty proposed to be imposed on him and calling upon him to submit op 17981/2001 5 within a specified time such representation as he may wish to make against the proposed penalty: Provided that such representation shall be based only on the evidence adduced during the inquiry. (ii) The Disciplinary Authority shall consider the representation if any, made by the Board's employee in response to the notice under clause (i) and determine what penalty, if any, should be imposed on the Board's employee and pass appropriate orders on the case.” From the above rules, it can be seen that the enquiry report need be furnished only if the disciplinary authority is of the view that any of the penalty prescribed in clauses (iv) to (vii) of Rule 9 has to be imposed. The crucial question therefore is whether there is any violation of the principles of natural justice. 9. First I will come to the decisions relied upon by the learned counsel for the petitioner. In Punjab National Bank's case {(1998) 7 SCC 84}, the Apex Court, after analysing various decisions, held in para 18 as follows: “Where the disciplinary authority itself holds an enquiry, an opportunity of hearing has to be granted by him. When the disciplinary authority differs with the view of the enquiry officer and proposes to come to a different conclusion, there is no reason as to why an opportunity of hearing should not be granted. It will be most op 17981/2001 6 unfair and iniquitous that where the charged officers succeed before the enquiry officer, they are deprived of representing to the disciplinary authority before that authority differs with the enquiry officer's report and, while recording a finding of guit, imposes punishment on the officer. In our opinion, in any such situation, the charged officer must have an opportunity to represent before the disciplinary authority before final findings on the charges are recorded and punishment imposed. This is required to be done as a part of the first stage of enquiry as explained in Karunakar case {(1993) 4 SCC 727}.” Therein, Regulation 7(2) of the concerned Regulation was considered. The said regulation provides that “the disciplinary authority shall, if it disagrees with the findings of the Enquiry Authority on any article of charge, record its own findings on such charge, if the evidence on record is sufficient for the purpose.” In para 19, the Apex Court was of the view that “the principles of natural justice will have therefore to be read into Regulation 7(2).” 10. In Yoginath D. Bagde's case {(1999) 7 SCC 739}, the same view was taken. In para 19, it was held that “if the findings recorded by the Enquiry Officer are in favour of the delinquent and it has been held that the charges are not proved, it is all the more necessary to give an opportunity of hearing to the delinquent employee before reversing those op 17981/2001 7 findings. Formation of opinion should be tentative and not final.” 11. In K. Chamy's case (ILR 1998 (1) Ker. 633), after the report was furnished by the Enquiry Officer holding that the charges have not been conclusively proved, the delinquent received an order from the disciplinary authority imposing a penalty. In that context, this Court held that a pre- decisional notice should be given to the delinquent. 12. In Thomas's case (ILR 2008 (2) Ker. 774), I had occasion to consider the same question. It was held that the delinquent employee should be given notice by the disciplinary authority before the findings of the Enquiry Officer are discarded and a tentative conclusion is arrived at by differing with the conclusions of the enquiry officer. Therein also, the facts show that the delinquent was exonerated of the charges by the Enquiry Officer and a show cause notice was issued three years thereafter proposing a punishment. Another ground on which the disciplinary proceedings was challenged, was the long delay in finalisation of the disciplinary proceedings and both the points were found in favour of the petitioner therein. 13. In fact, learned Standing Counsel for the Board submitted that going by the recent decisions of the Apex Court it can be seen that a mere violation of the principles of natural justice cannot be said to be a ground to op 17981/2001 8 set aside the penalty and the non supply of copy of the Enquiry Report cannot be said to be fatal. It will not result in the proceedings being declared null and void. It is for the delinquent to plead and prove that the non supply of such report has caused prejudice. The legal position was elaborately discussed in the decision in Haryana Financial Corporation's case {(2008) 9 SCC 31}. That was a case where after submission of the enquiry report exonerating the petitioner of all charges, the Managing Director, after noticing certain deficiencies, sought clarification of the Enquiry Officer and the matter was remanded to clarify the points. The delinquent was issued notice and he participated in the proceedings. Thereafter, the Enquiry Officer submitted his findings holding that the delinquent was guilty. Show cause notice proposing the penalty was thereafter issued. Finally he was dismissed from service. The High Court was of the view that supply of report of the Enquiry Officer was an essential requirement and non-supply thereof resulted in violation of principles of natural justice and the punishment was set aside. Their Lordships, from para 15 onwards, analysed the legal position declared by the Apex Court from the decision in Union of India v. Mohd. Ramzan Khan {(1991) 1 SCC 588} onwards. Reliance was placed on the dictum op 17981/2001 9 laid down in Electronic Corporation of India Ltd. v. B. Karunakar {(1993) 4 SCC 727}, wherein, in para 30, the effect of non-supply of the inquiry officer's report to the delinquent, was considered. Therein, the Constitution Bench took the view that the question will have to be examined in the light of the important aspect regarding the prejudice, if any, caused to the employee because of non supply of enquiry report. It was held that the non supply of report of the Enquiry Officer to the delinquent employee would not by itself make the order of punishment null and void or non est. The Apex Court, therefore, in the above decision, viz. Haryana Financial Corporation's case {(2008) 9 SCC 31}, in para 21 held thus: “From the ratio laid down in B. Karunakar {(1993) 4 SCC 727} it is explicitly clear that the doctrine of natural justice requires supply of a copy of the inquiry officer's report to the delinquent if such inquiry officer is other than the disciplinary authority. It is also clear that non-supply of report of the inquiry officer is in the breach of natural justice. But it is equally clear that failure to supply a report of the inquiry officer to the delinquent employee would not ipso facto result in the proceedings being declared null and void and the order of punishment non est and ineffective. It is for the delinquent employee to plead and prove that non-supply of such report had caused prejudice and resulted in miscarriage of justice. If he is unable to satisfy the court on that point, the order of op 17981/2001 10 punishment cannot automatically be set aside.” It was observed in para 23 that the High Court failed to appreciate and apply in its proper perspective the ratio laid down in B. Karunakar's case (supra). After considering the various other decisions of the Apex Court, it was held thus in paragraphs 36 and 44: “36. The recent trend, however, is of “prejudice”. Even in those cases where procedural requirements have not been complied with, the action has not been held ipso facto illegal, unlawful or void unless it is shown that non-observance had prejudicially affected the applicant. 44. From the aforesaid decisions, it is clear that though supply of report of the inquiry officer is part and parcel of natural justice and must be furnished to the delinquent employee, failure to do so would not automatically result in quashing or setting aside of the order or the order being declared null and void. For that, the delinquent employee has to show “prejudice”. Unless he is able to show that non-supply of report of the inquiry officer has resulted in prejudice or miscarriage of justice, an order of punishment cannot be held to be vitiated. And whether prejudice had been caused to the delinquent employee depends upon the facts and circumstances of each case and no rule of universal application can be laid down.” 14.Evidently, therefore, the relevant principle is that though the supply of report of the Enquiry Officer is part and parcel of the compliance op 17981/2001 11 of the principles of natural justice, the failure of the same would not automatically result in setting aside the order of punishment. The delinquent employee will have to show that prejudice has been caused to him. 15. The very same principle has been reiterated by the Division Bench of this Court in Damodaran Pillai's case (2010 (4) 769). It was held thus in para 7: “7. The core principle emanating from a proper understanding of the precedents referred to above, is that a delinquent does not have a constitutional right to represent against the proposed penalty, he having been heard in the enquiry, and, even if the disciplinary authority is not the inquiring authority and the punishment was imposed by the disciplinary authority without hearing the delinquent on the findings of the inquiring authority, the courts, in judicial review, would not interfere with the imposition of the punishment unless it is proved to its satisfaction that the absence of hearing on the correctness of the findings in the enquiry report and the punishment as imposed, have resulted in miscarriage of justice.” One of the issue considered by the Bench therein is whether a minor penalty could be imposed without serving a copy of the enquiry report and after analysing the relevant rules. It was held thus in para 9: op 17981/2001 12 “Sub-rules (12) and (13) of R.15 of the Rules being statutory, the clear expressions made therein regarding the respective procedures to be adopted by the disciplinary authority depending on the opinion that it formulates on the basis of the findings in the inquiry, categorically show that the maker of the Rules contemplated that there may be cases where proceedings would commence on the premise that a major penalty has to be imposed, having regard to the gravity of the allegations, however that, on conclusion of the inquiry, the disciplinary authority would come to the opinion that the proved allegations would call for imposition of only a minor penalty. The clear words of sub-rules (12) and (13) of R.15, therefore, specifically provide that if the proposal is to impose a major penalty, however that, the copy of the enquiry report is to be furnished; there is no requirement to furnish the copy of the enquiry report, if the proposal is only to impose a minor penalty.” The above dictum is vehemently relied upon by the learned counsel for the respondents. Therein also, the Division Bench analysed the various decisions of the Apex Court. 16. I.D.L. Chemicals Ltd.'s case (1995 Supp. (3) SCC 573) is a case where penalty of stoppage of increments was imposed after giving the charge sheet and considering the explanation. It is not a case where there was enquiry was conducted. 17. Evidently, going by the decisions relied upon by the learned op 17981/2001 13 counsel for the petitioner, it can be seen that the enquiry report has to be furnished. But as held by the Constitution Bench in B. Karunakar's case {(1993) 1 SCC 709}, the important question to be considered is whether the punishment will have to be set aside on that sole ground. The said legal issue was not considered in Thomas' s case (ILR 2008 (2) Ker. 774). In the light of the dictum laid down by the Apex Court in Haryana Financial Corporation's case {(2008) 9 SCC 31} and that of the Division Bench of this Court in Damodaran Pillai's case (2010 (4) KLT 769), the question will have to be considered in the light of the plea of prejudice, if any, caused to the employee when the matter is considered by this Court and the plea raised that the penalty automatically falls to the ground on non furnishing of the copy of the report will not lie. Therefore, even if it is considered that the report had to be furnished, the punishment cannot be automatically set aside. 18. Herein, we are confronted with a question whether, before Ext.P1 was issued to the petitioner, the enquiry report should have been furnished, and a hearing ought to have been conducted by the disciplinary authority. Even if it is accepted that the same would have complied with the principles of natural justice, and even though it is not specified in the Rules, this Court op 17981/2001 14 will have to consider the question whether the petitioner has succeeded in proving that prejudice has been caused because of the non supply of the same. Evidently, in Ext.P1, the tentative findings were mentioned and a copy of the report was furnished along with it. The petitioner has given a reply to the same as evident from Ext.P2 order of the disciplinary authority. The notice Ext.P1 as well as the order Ext.P2 are elaborate. In the writ petition, the petitioner has no case that any prejudice has been caused due to the non supply of the report before Ext.P1 was issued. What is pleaded is that he was given a copy of the report only along with Ext.P1. In the grounds of the writ petition also there is no plea that any prejudice has been caused to the petitioner by the supply of the report only along with Ext.P1 and not before the disciplinary authority entered the tentative findings of disagreement with the Enquiry Officer. The ground of attack is the procedure adopted by the disciplinary authority and on the violation of the principles of natural justice. 19. One of the points to be noticed herein is that a reading of Ext.P2 order shows that the petitioner has raised all grounds regarding the findings of the disciplinary authority which were considered elaborately, in Ext.P2 order. 20. I am therefore, unable to accept the contentions of the learned op 17981/2001 15 counsel for the petitioner that the non communication of the report prior to the recording of disagreement and non-conduct of a hearing at that stage vitiates the penalty imposed. Herein also, only minor penalty was imposed and the rules considered by the Division Bench in Damodaran Pillai's case (2010 (4) KLT 769) as well as that of the rules considered herein are of identical nature and the furnishing of the report is required only if a major penalty is to be proposed. Even if the requirement of the supply of report is read into the rule, going by the decision of the Division Bench in Damodaran Pillai's case (supra) as well as that of the Apex Court in Haryana Financial Corporation's case {(2008) 9 SCC 31} the petitioner will have to plead and prove prejudice. Having failed to do so, he is not entitled to succeed on that ground. 21. The next question is with regard to the restoration of increments as well as restoration of certain benefits on completion of the period of service. If the petitioner has got any other grievance as on today regarding the same, he will be free to agitate it before the authority concerned. The writ petition is hence dismissed. No costs. (T.R. Ramachandran Nair, Judge.) op 17981/2001 16 T.R. Ramachandran Nair, J. - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - O.P. No. 17981 of 2001-N - - - - -- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - JUDGMENT 31st day of August, 2011.