IN THE HIGH COURT OF JUDICATURE OF ANDHRA PRADESH: HYDERABAD MONDAY, THE SEVENTH DAY OF SEPTEMBER, TWO THOUSAND AND NINE PRESENT: THE HON’BLE SRI JUSTICE K.C. BHANU CRIMINAL APPEAL No.1341 OF 2001 BETWEEN: Bollineni Venkatanarayana S/o. Narasimha Rao …. Appellant/Accused AND State of Andhra Pradesh, Rep. by Public Prosecutor …. Respondent/Complainant THE HON’BLE SRI JUSTICE K.C. BHANU CRIMINAL APPEAL No.1341 OF 2001 JUDGMENT: This Criminal Appeal is filed by the appellant / sole accused, Bollineni Venkatanarayana, under Section 408 of the Criminal Procedure Code (old) (for short ‘Cr.P.C.) against the judgment dated 03-09-2001 in Sessions Case No.36 of 1996 passed by the learned Assistant Sessions Judge, Kothagudem, whereunder and whereby the appellant was found guilty of the offence punishable under Section 376 of the Indian Penal Code (for short ‘IPC’), accordingly convicted and sentenced to suffer rigorous imprisonment for a period of seven (7) years and to pay a fine of Rs.2,000/-, in default to suffer simple imprisonment for two (2) months. 2. The brief facts that are necessary for disposal of the prosecution case may be stated as follows: PW.1 Sri Lakshmi is the victim, aged about 15 years as on the date of the incident and was residing with her parents at Nagineniprolu, Hamlet of Reddipalem village. She studied up to 8th class. The accused was also residing opposite to the house of PW.1. About six months prior to 23-07-1995, the accused sent a word through PW.3 M. Venkateswarlu that he wanted to talk with PW.1. PW.1 chastised PW.3 and sent him away. The accused used to send love letters to PW.1 through PW.3, but she tore them. On one day, as per the message of the accused, she went to a dilapidated Church behind the house of the accused at about 6-30 or 7-00 PM to know why he was calling her. The accused expressed his desire to have a sexual intercourse with her and promised to marry her. Then PW.1 stated that his parents may not accept the marriage in view of the fact that she was poor and not in a position to give dowry. Ten days thereafter the accused again sent a word to her and accordingly she went to the same place. The accused promised that he would marry even against the wishes of his parents and he was in strong desire to have a sexual intercourse with her. Believing his promise that he would marry her, she developed love and affection towards him. With that promise, the accused had sexual intercourse with her for about 10 times for over a period of 5 to 6 months. When PW.1 expressed her apprehension that she would become pregnant, the accused sent some tablets through PW.4 K. Sreenivasa Rao. On the day of Vinayaka Nimajjanam in the year 1995, on the invitation of the accused, she went to the house of the accused at about 6-30 or 7-00 PM. At that time, the family members of the accused were not present. The accused had sexual intercourse with PW.1 on that day also in his house. At about 8-00 PM she was taken to the dilapidated Church behind his house as his relatives might come to the house and he did not permit her to go to her house during the night time. On the next day, when she went to her house, her mother PW2, Chukkapalli Leelavathi, asked where she went the whole night and beat her. Then, PW.1 disclosed the intimacy with the accused and about having the sexual intercourse. PW.2, PW- 8 Madineni Gopal Rao, who is the maternal grand father of PW.1 and her brother went to the house of the accused and asked his parents to perform the marriage of PW.1 with the accused, but they did not agree. Then, PW.1 lodged Ex.P-1 complaint before the Police of Burgampad. Accordingly, the Police registered a case in Crime No.122 of 1995 and referred PW.1 to medical examination. PW.10 Dr. Sandhya Manohar examined PW.1 and issued Ex.P-9 certificate and opined that PW.1 was subjected to sexual intercourse. Thereafter, PW.11, Sub- Inspector of Police, examined witnesses, took up further investigation and after completion of investigation, filed the charge sheet. The following charge was levelled against the accused: “That you, prior to the 23rd day of July, 1995 at Nagineniprolu @ Reddipalem village, committed rape on Chukkapalli Srilaxmi, a girl aged about 15 years, for more than (10) times, promising to marry her and thereby you committed an offence punishable u/s.376 of IPC and within my cognizance.” When the charge was read over and explained to the accused in Telugu, he pleaded not guilty and claimed to be tried. 3. To substantiate its case, the prosecution examined PWs.1 to 11 and got marked Exs.P-1 to P-12. On behalf of the accused, no oral or documentary evidence was adduced. 4. The trial Court having accepted the evidence of PW.1, coupled with the medical evidence, found the accused guilty of the charge under Section 376 IPC and accordingly convicted and sentenced him as stated supra. Challenging the same, the present appeal is filed. 5. The learned counsel appearing for the appellant – accused contended that the prosecution failed to establish that PW.1 was aged less than 16 years as on the date of the alleged offence and that Ex.P- 2, transfer certificate of PW.1, has not been proved as the Head Master who issued it, was not examined, and that as per Ex.P-12, Age determination certificate, the victim was aged about 17-18 years and therefore, it is clear that as the victim was more than 16 years of age; that, it can be said that the sexual intercourse was done with the consent of the girl who is not a minor, and so no offence has been made out. He further contended that there is no need to obtain Ex.P-2 from the School and that there is no evidence to show that there was a love affair between PW.1 and the accused and also with regard to sending of tablets to the victim and holding of panchayat and seizure of love letters. Hence, he prays to set aside the conviction and sentence recorded against the accused. 6. On the other hand, the learned counsel representing the learned Public Prosecutor contended that PW.1 has no grouse or enmity against the accused so as to implicate him falsely in a case of this nature; that, the evidence of PW.1 is consistent from the beginning that PW.1 was aged about 15 years prior to lodging of Ex.P-1 complaint; that, the evidence of PWs.1, 2 and 8, coupled with the recitals of Ex.P-2, would clearly go to show that PW.1 was minor prior to lodging of Ex.P-1; that, the evidence of PW.1 would clearly go to show that she was subjected to sexual intercourse for more than 10 times spreading over a period of 5 to 6 months and further her evidence is completely in corroboration with the evidence of doctor and that, the trial Court after an elaborate consideration of the evidence on record, rightly found the accused guilty of the offence punishable under Section 376 IPC and none of the findings is shown to be perverse or contrary to law. Hence, she prays to dismiss the appeal. 7. Now the point for determination is whether the prosecution proved its case beyond all reasonable doubt for the offence punishable under Section 376 IPC ? 8. The entire case rests upon the solitary evidence of PW.1. When a case rests upon a solitary evidence of a witness, it must be free from doubt, true and trustworthy. When the evidence of PW.1 is placed in the category of wholly reliable, there is no need for corroboration to her evidence on material particulars with other evidence. When her evidence is partly reliable or partly unreliable, then only her evidence requires corroboration on material particulars. 9. When it is the specific case of the prosecution that PW.1 was minor less than 16 years of age prior to lodging of Ex.P-1, it is for the prosecution to establish the same. According to PW.1 she studied upto 8th class and she was aged about 15 years as on the date of incident. To show that she was aged less than 16 years, Ex.P-2, transfer certificate of PW.1, was filed which shows the date of birth of PW.1 as 15-08-1981. If that is taken into consideration, she was less than 16 years of age prior to lodging of Ex.P1. 10. The contention of the learned counsel for the appellant is that there is no need for prosecution to obtain transfer certificate Ex.P-2 from the School and that the Head Master, who issued Ex.P-2, has not been examined. As seen from Ex.P-2, PW.1 left the school on 24-06- 1995 i.e. nearly one month prior to lodging of F.I.R. So, when she discontinued her studies, the police rightly obtained Ex.P-2 from the School. Except suggesting that Ex.P-2 was obtained for the purpose of this case, nothing has been elicited to discredit the testimony of PW.1. When the date of birth of PW.1 was available, there is no need for the prosecution to send the victim girl for age determination examination. Admittedly, PW.1 was sent to Dr. M. Madhusudhan Reddy, Assistant Professor, Department of Forensic Science Laboratory, Vijayawada for age determination. She was examined by the said doctor on 07-11-1995 and issued Ex.P-12, age determination certificate, which was marked with consent. As per Ex.P-12, the doctor opined that on physical, dental and radiological examination, the individual Chukkpalli Srilaxmi was aged about 17 - 18 years. There cannot be any dispute that the evidence of the doctor is opinion evidence. It can be used to corroborate the other evidence. The age as determined by the doctor under Ex.P-12 can be taken two years on either side. 11. According to the learned counsel for the appellant, when two views are reasonably possible in the evidence with regard to the age of PW.1, the view, which is favourable to the accused, should be adopted. It is not the case of the accused that PW.1 did not study in Zilla Parishad Secondary School, Nagineniprolu. PW.1 has categorically stated that she studied upto 4th class in a Private School and from 5th class in Zilla Parishad High School. That aspect of the case remained unchallenged. Ex.P-2 would also go to show that she was admitted in the School in 6th class in 1992 and left the school on 24-06-1995. PW.2, who is none other than the mother of the victim has categorically stated that in the year 1995, PW.1 was aged about 14 or 15 years. She also stated that PW.1 was studying 8th class during the year 1995. Though, she did not specifically state before the police that the victim was aged about 14 or 15 years, she stated that her daughter was a minor by the date of her examination by the police. In view of overwhelming evidence on record, the non-examination of Head Master, who issued Ex.P-2, is not fatal to the case of prosecution. 12. PWs.2 and 8 who are the mother and maternal grandfather of PW.1 respectively, speak about their request to the parents of the accused to perform the marriage of the accused with PW.1 in view of the fact that PW.1 and the accused were having sexual intercourse. 13. PWs.3 to 7 and 9 did not support the case of the prosecution having given a complete go bye to their earlier version. Except marking their statements recorded by the police during the course of investigation under Section 161 (3) Cr.P.C., nothing has been elicited in their cross examination to connect the accused with the alleged offence. 14. PW.10, Civil Assistant Surgeon, examined PW.1 on 23-09-1995 at about 4-45 PM and stated that on examination of general organs for vagina, she found admitting of two fingers tightly, and that the age of victim girl as per the version of PW.1 was 15 years. She issued medical certificate Ex.P-9 and opined that there were signs of sexual intercourse and that PW.1 was subjected to sexual intercourse. Except giving a suggestion that her opinion was not based on any scientific data, nothing has been elicited to discredit the testimony of PW.10. Since PW.1 was consenting party to the sexual intercourse, no external injuries could have been caused on the private parts of PW.1. 15. With regard to incident proper, there is the evidence of PW.1 only. There cannot be any eyewitness to the incident in a case of this nature. The sexual intercourse, if any, between the accused and PW.1 would have been committed in a secluded place and without the knowledge of any third person. In view of the fact that PW.1 was a minor less than 16 years of age as on the date of lodging of the complaint Ex.P-1, there must be bitter enmity or strong grouse for her to foist a false case of this nature against the accused. Similarly, there must be a strong motive for PW.2, who is none other than the mother of PW.1, to foist a false case against the accused. Except suggesting that there were land disputes existing between PW.8, grandfather of PW.1, and the father of accused, absolutely no material is elicited in the cross examination of PWs.1, 2 and 8 with regard to false implication of the accused in a case of this nature. As PW.1 was minor prior to lodging of Ex.P-1, unless she has a strong reason to implicate the accused, she would not normally implicate the accused saying that she was subjected to rape at the hands of the accused. She was yet to be married. If a false case is foisted by PW.1 stating that she was subjected to rape, her marriage prospects would be narrowed down, nobody would come forward to marry her and she will be looked down by the neighbourers, by her own classmates and also in the village. Therefore, in such circumstances, a girl of less than 16 years of age would not normally come to the Court and depose that she was subjected to rape. Her evidence, from the stage of lodging of First Information Report is very clear that the accused promised to marry her and had a sexual intercourse with her for about 10 times prior to lodging of Ex.P-1. She gave consent for sexual intercourse, because the accused promised to marry her. Since PW.1 was a minor less than 16 years of age, it is not a valid consent under law, it amounts to rape within the meaning of Section 375 IPC. 16. No doubt, the other evidence adduced by the prosecution with regard to sending of love letters by the accused to PW.1 through PW.3 and sending of some tablets so as to prevent the pregnancy through PW.4 and placing the matter before the elders, are not proved by the prosecution in view of the fact that the persons who were cited as witnesses who speak about these circumstances, turned hostile. But, that cannot be a ground to reject the testimony of PW.1 especially when her evidence is completely in corroboration with the evidence of PW.10 doctor. 17. The evidence of PW.1, coupled with the medical evidence, would clearly reveal that PW.1 was subjected to sexual intercourse for more than 10 times for over a period of 5 to 6 months prior to Ex.P-1. The question is whether she was consenting party to the sexual intercourse or not. If she was less than 16 years of age, the question of consent does not arise. The evidence of PWs.1 and 2 coupled with the recitals of Ex.P-2 Transfer Certificate, it is clear that PW.1 was aged about 15 years as on the date of the sexual intercourse. The trial Court has rightly excluded the contents of Ex.P-12 Age Determination Certificate because the contents in Ex.P-12 cannot be taken into consideration, as it is only opinion evidence. Even in the case of opinion evidence, two years either side can be taken into consideration. If two years lesser side is taken into consideration, it can be said PW.1 was a minor. 18. It is also contended that in view of the improvements in the evidence of PW.1, it is not safe to place an implicit reliance on her evidence. The improvements made by PW.1 are with regard to her meeting with the accused for the first time and the expression of his desire to have a sexual inter course with her and the accused having sexual intercourse on the second time, promising that he would marry her and that on the date of Vinayaka Nimajjanam also the accused having sexual intercourse with her in the Church. These improvements made by PW.1 are trivial in nature and would not go to the root of the prosecution case. The offence committed was spread over for a period of six months and so, it cannot be possible for a person like PW.1 to give the exact dates and times of the sexual intercourse on her for about 10 times. On that ground, the evidence of PW.1 cannot be discredited. There is no other reason for PW.1 to foist a case of this nature against the accused. The earliest version as stated in Ex.P-1 is completely in corroboration with the evidence of PW.1 with regard to accused committing rap on her for about 10 times spreading over a period of 5 to 6 months. The medical evidence is consistent with the solitary testimony of PW.1 with regard to committing rape on her. In view of the above discussion, I have no hesitation in holding that the prosecution has established its case beyond all reasonable doubt against the accused. The trial Court, after elaborate consideration of evidence on record, rightly found the accused guilty of the offence punishable under Section 376 IPC and accordingly, convicted him. None of the findings of the trial Court is perverse or contrary to law. Therefore, there are no grounds to interfere with the conviction recorded by the trial Court against the accused. 19. With regard to sentence, admittedly, the appellant was aged about 20 years as on the date of commission of offence. It seems that there was a love affair between the accused and PW.1 and both are neigbourers. The house of the accused and PW.1 are intervened by a road. After the incident, the accused married another woman and had children, who are completely dependent on his earnings. Similarly, PW.1 was also married subsequent to the incident. The accused was in an adolescent age at the time of the offence. Though, he promised PW.1 to marry her and had sexual intercourse, the parents of accused must not have agreed when PWs.2 and 8 requested them to perform the marriage of PW.1 and the accused. It is also in the evidence that the accused was secretly confined by his parents. Therefore, it cannot be said that the accused was evading to marry PW.1 at the relevant point of time. In my considered opinion, the above facts are adequate and special reasons to reduce the sentence. 20. In the result, the conviction recorded in the judgment dated 03-09-2001 in S.C. No.36 of 1996 passed by the Assistant Sessions Judge, Kothagudem is confirmed but the sentence of rigorous imprisonment for seven (7) years is reduced to rigorous imprisonment for three (3) years while maintaining the fine. 21. With the above modification in sentence, the Criminal Appeal is dismissed. _____________ K.C. BHANU, J SEPTEMBER 07, 2009. KTL