IN THE HIGH COURT OF JUDICATURE AT MADRAS DATED : 22.08.2008 CORAM THE HONOURABLE MR.JUSTICE M.CHOCKALINGAM AND THE HONOURABLE MR.JUSTICE M.VENUGOPAL CRIMINAL APPEAL NO.615 OF 2006 1.Anandan @ Arul Susairaj 2.Xavier @ Domnic Xavier .. Appellants Vs. State by The Inspector of Police, B-2, Esplanade Police Station, Chennai District. Crime No.427/2003 .. Respondent This criminal appeal has been preferred under Section 374(2) Cr.P.C. against the judgment of the learned Additional District Sessions Judge, Fast Track Court No.I, Chennai made in S.C.No.508 of 2005, dated 22.6.2006. For Appellants : Mr.V.Gopinath, Senior Advocate for Mr.L.Mahendran for A-1 & for Mr.A.Kalaivanan for A-3 For Respondent : Mr.V.R.Balasubramanian, APP. - - - - JUDGMENT (The judgment of the Court was made by M.CHOCKALINGAM, J.) This appeal challenges the judgment of the Additional Sessions Division, Fast Track Court No.I, Chennai made in S.C.No.508 of 2005, whereby these two appellants shown as A-1 and A-3 along with two others ranked as A-2 and A-4, stood charged as follows: A-1 and A-2 - Ss.120(b), 302, 404 and 201 IPC A-3 and A-4 - Ss.120(b), 302 r/w S.34, 404 r/w 34 and 201 IPC On trial, A-1 and A-3 were found guilty under Section 120(b) IPC and were sentenced to undergo two years R.I. They were also convicted under Section 302 IPC and were sentenced to undergo life imprisonment and to pay a fine of Rs.5000/-, in default to undergo two months R.I. Further, they were convicted under Section 404 IPC and were sentenced to undergo three years R.I. each and to pay a fine of Rs.1000/-, in default to undergo one month R.I. each. They were also found guilty under Section 201 IPC and were sentenced to undergo three years R.I. each and to pay a fine of Rs.2000/- each, in default to undergo two months R.I. each. The accused Nos.2 and 4 were acquitted of the charges levelled against them. 2.The factual events, which are necessary for the disposal of this appeal could be stated thus: a)P.Ws.3 and 4 are the parents of the deceased Joshmin Mary. P.W.8 is the elder brother of the deceased. All the accused and P.Ws.3,4 and 8 and the deceased all belonged to Varadarajanpalayam village. A-1 and A-3 were Masons by profession. The deceased was working as Helper to them. At that time, she developed intimacy with A-1. On coming to know the same, the parents of the deceased objected to it, pursuant to which, a panchayat was convened. On 2.3.2002, the deceased eloped with A-1. On 10.03.2002, a complaint was given by P.W.3 to Andimadam Police Station. P.W.13, the Sub Inspector of Police, registered the case in Crime No.285 of 2004 under Section 363 IPC and the investigation was pending. b)On 3.9.2003 at about 11.00 p.m., when P.W.1, the Manager of Vijaya Mansion, Parrys, Madras, was in the reception hall, A-1 came with the deceased and asked for a room. He paid Rs.250/- towards advance and room No.19 was allotted to A-1. When A-1 was asked to sign in the register, he called A-3, who was standing outside and A-3 also signed the register. When asked about the deceased, A-1 replied that she was his wife. A-1 and the deceased stayed in the room. c)Next day morning, P.W.10, room boy was called and was demanded for a cup of milk. On 5.9.2003 at about 8.00 a.m., when P.W.10 went near the room for the purpose of cleaning, he smelt bad odour. In turn, he informed the same to P.W.1, the Manager, who informed to the lodge owner and thereafter, P.W.1 approached the police and gave a oral report to P.W.14, the Inspector of Police, who reduced the same into writing, which was marked as Ex.P.1. Based on the report, a case came to be registered in Crime No.427 of 2003 under Section 302 IPC. Ex.P.35 is the printed F.I.R. d)P.W.14 took up investigation, went to the scene of occurrence at about 11.00 a.m. and made an inspection in the presence of the witnesses. The scene of occurrence and the dead body of the deceased were photographed. He prepared observation mahazar Ex.P.31 and the rough sketch Ex.P.36. He seized M.Os.2 to 14 and 19 under a cover of Ex.P.32 mahazar. He also seized the arrival register Ex.P.37 under Ex.P.34 mahazar. He conducted inquest on the dead body of the deceased in the presence of the witnesses and panchayatdars and prepared Ex.P.38, the inquest report. On the same day, he enquired the witnesses, P.Ws.1,10 and 12 and recorded their statements. Following the same, P.W.14 forwarded the dead body to the Madras Medical College for the purpose of autopsy along with requisition. e)P.W.7, the Doctor attached to Madras Medical College, on receipt of the requisition, has conducted post-mortem on the dead body of the deceased and he has issued Ex.P.21, the post-mortem certificate. Since the identity of the dead body was not known, the dead body was kept in the mortuary at the Government hospital, Chennai for the purpose of identification. f)On 21.6.2004, P.W.15, the Inspector of Police, took up further investigation. Based on the secret information, he proceeded to Andimadam Police station and made enquiry thereon. P.W.13, the Sub Inspector of Andimadam Police Station informed him about the case already registered against A-1 that he eloped with the deceased. Based on the information, P.W.15 enquired P.Ws.3 and 4, the parents of the deceased. Thereafter, they were brought to Madras and they have identified the dead body of the deceased. Based on their statements, P.W.15 arrested A-1 on 26.6.2004 in the presence of the witnesses. A-1 gave confessional statement, which was recorded in the presence of the witnesses, the admissible part of which was marked as Ex.P.30. g)On 2.7.2004, based on the confessional statement, A-1 took P.W.15 to the shop of one Purasami, where P.W.15 recovered a chain weighing about 8 grams, a pair of ear stud weighing about 4 grams and a pair of silver golusu under Ex.P.39 mahazar in the presence of the witnesses, which were alleged to have been pledged by A-1 to the said person. h)On 4.7.2004 at about 11.00 a.m., P.W.15 arrested A-3 and recorded his confessional statement, the admissible part of the same was marked as Ex.P.40. On the same day, at about 12.30 p.m., P.W.15 seized the register Ex.P.41 maintained by Amman Bankers under Ex.P.42, mahazar. Thereafter, P.W.15 went to the Panchayat Board Office and seized Ex.P.43, the attendance register of A-3 under Ex.P.44, mahazar in the presence of the witnesses. P.W.15 enquired P.W.2 and recorded his statement. On 28.6.2004 at about 8.30 p.m., P.W.15 arrested A-2 in the presence of the witnesses and he was remanded to judicial custody. i)A requisition was forwarded to conduct a test identification parade. Accordingly, the identification parade was conducted by P.W.6, 19th Metropolitan Magistrate, where P.Ws.1 and 10 have identified A-1 and A-3. The identification parade proceedings issued by P.W.6 was marked as Ex.P.11. P.W.15 gave a requisition to the Chief Metropolitan Magistrate to record Section 164 Cr.P.C. statements of P.Ws.3 and 4. Accordingly, it was recorded. Apart from that, the D.N.A. samples of P.Ws.3 and 4 and D.N.A. of the dead body were sent for comparison to the Laboratory. Ex.C.2 is the D.N.A. Test report. j)Further, Ex.P.37, the arrival register of Vijaya Mansion was sent by P.W.15 to the handwriting expert. Ex.C.4, the handwriting expert report was received. On 1.7.2004, P.W.9, the Forensic Expert received the requisition for superimposition test. He also received a cover containing skull of the deceased and Ex.P.25, a cover containing the photos of the deceased. After conducting superimposition test, he concluded that the skull may be identical with the face in the photos received for comparison. Ex.P.29 is the report of P.W.9. P.W.15 concluded the investigation and filed the final report before the Judicial Magistrate concerned. 3.The case was committed to the court of Sessions and necessary charges were framed. In order to substantiate the charges levelled against the four accused, the prosecution marched 15 witnesses and also relied on 44 documents and also 19 M.Os. On completion of the evidence on the side of the prosecution, the accused were questioned under Section 313 Cr.P.C. as to the incriminating circumstances found in the evidence of prosecution witnesses, which they flatly denied as false. No defence witness was examined. The trial court has marked four documents as Exs.C.1 to C.4. After hearing the submissions made on either side, it has recorded an order of acquittal in respect of A-2 and A-4, but it has found A-1 and A-3 guilty, as stated above, and awarded punishments, as referred to above, which is the subject matter of challenge before this court. 4.Advancing arguments on behalf of the appellants, the learned Senior Counsel would submit that in the instant case, the prosecution has no direct evidence to offer, but it rested its case exclusively on circumstantial evidence; that at the outset, the learned Senior counsel made emphasis that so far as A-3, the second appellant, is concerned, it was not a case where evidence is lacking, but absolutely, there was no evidence at all; that the witnesses examined were P.Ws.1 and 10; that according to the prosecution, P.W.1 was the Manager of the said Vijaya Lodge and P.W.10 was the room boy; that the only piece of evidence, which the prosecution wanted to rely was the register maintained in the Lodge for the persons, who are staying over there; that according to P.W.1, A-1 accompanied by the deceased, came to the lodge and he paid advance and room No.19 was allotted to them; that A-1 was asked to sign the register, but he called A-3, who was standing outside, to sign the register; that the said register was recovered by the Investigating Officer at the time of investigation, which was actually sent along with the admitted signature to the handwriting expert, who has categorically opined that it is not possible to offer any reliable opinion with regard to the writings sent to him and hence that part of the evidence was not useful; that the other part of the evidence so far as A-3 was concerned, one of the witnesses was able to show him in the identification parade; that the said identification parade should not have been accepted by the court; that apart from that, no recovery was made from A-3; that what are all stated was that at the time when A-1 and the deceased entered into the lodge, A-3 standing outside of the lodge and after signing the register, he left the lodge; that even as per the prosecution, he had no role to play in the crime in question and under these circumstances, he should have been acquitted by the trial court. 5.Added further the learned Senior Counsel that in the instant case, already A-2 and A-4 were acquitted; that if A-3 is entitled for acquittal, automatically the case of conspiracy would go; that so far as A-3 is concerned, the offence under Section 404 IPC also would not be attracted and further, in the instant case, there was not even evidence for the offence under Section 201 IPC and hence A-3 is entitled for acquittal. 6.The learned Senior Counsel concentrated his argument thereafter. So far as A-1 was concerned, the learned Senior Counsel, attacking the case of prosecution, would submit that first of all, the identity of the deceased was not proved; that according to the police, the dead body of the deceased was found on 5.9.2003 in morning hours; that thereafter, a complaint was given; that the dead body was subjected to post-mortem by P.W.7, the Doctor; that since the identify of the dead body could not be found, it was kept in mortuary; that after a long time, P.Ws.3 and 4, on 1.7.2004, came to the Government Hospital, Madras and have identified the dead body; that at this juncture, it is pertinent to point out that the DNA samples were taken from P.Ws.3 and 4 apart from the deceased and analysis was done; that there was conclusive report under Ex.C.2 that the deceased was not the daughter of P.Ws.3 and 4; that apart from that, even the report given by the Forensic Department, after conducting superimposition test, would indicate that it was not conclusive; that all would go to show that the evidence of P.Ws.3 and 4 that they have identified the dead body, should not have been accepted and hence it is highly doubtful whether the deceased was actually the daughter of P.Ws.3 and 4 as put forth by the prosecution; that if to be so, their evidence was of no significance at all. 7.Added further the learned Senior Counsel that in the instant case, the prosecution much relied on and the trial court has also accepted the evidence of P.Ws.1 and 10; that according to the prosecution, P.W.1 was the Manager of the lodge and P.W.10 was the room boy; that even as per their admission, number of persons used to come to the lodge every day; that P.W.1 has seen A-1 with the company of the deceased lady once on the night of 3.9.2003 and P.W.10, the room boy has seen them only once on the morning of 4.9.2003; that once they admitted that they have not seen them before or they have seen them only once and when number of persons used to come to the lodge every day, they could not remember them and hence the evidence of those witnesses could not be believed; that further, in the instant case, the identification parade was conducted by P.W.6, the 19th Metropolitan Magistrate; that it is pertinent to note that the identification parade was conducted after a period of 10 months; that according to P.W.6, the identification parade was conducted after 1.00 p.m., but according to P.W.10, it was between 11.00 and 12.00 hours and that it casts a doubt; and that it would be indicative of the fact that these witnesses were already taken to the prison and the accused were shown to them. 8.Added further the learned Senior counsel that in the instant case, A-1 was actually arrested on 26.6.2004 and he was sent for judicial custody; that thereafter, the police custody was ordered and he was actually in police custody for 2 days; that there was all possibilities for the accused being shown to those witnesses and under these circumstances, the identification parade was of no legal consequences and hence it should have been rejected outrightly; that so far as A-1 was concerned, nothing was recovered from him; that according to the prosecution, on 26.6.2004, A-1 gave confessional statement; that following the same, he identified one Purasami, from whom M.Os.15 to 17 were recovered; that it is pertinent to point out that the person, from whom those jewels were recovered, has not been examined; and that it is important to note that those jewels were never identified by any one, namely P.Ws.3,4 and 8 and hence there was nothing to show the nexus of the jewels with the deceased. 9.The learned Senior Counsel would further submit that there was no case for the offence under Section 120-B IPC or Section 404 IPC; that so far as Sections 302 and 201 IPC are concerned, the evidence what was relied on by the prosecution was only two pieces of evidence, of which it cannot be stated that the prosecution has brought home the guilt of the accused and under these circumstances, the appellants herein are entitled for acquittal in the hands of this court, which was failed to be done by the trial court. 10.The Court heard the learned Additional Public Prosecutor on the above contentions and has paid its anxious consideration on the submissions made. 11.It is not in controversy that the deceased Joshmin Mary was found dead in Vijaya Lodge, Parrys, Madras, by P.W.1 and on information, P.W.14 registered a case and the investigation was taken up by the Investigating Officer. The dead body of the deceased was subjected to post-mortem by P.W.7, the Doctor, who has issued Ex.P.21, the post-mortem certificate and he has categorically opined that the deceased died out of homicidal violence. The deceased died out of homicidal violence was never the fact in controversy before the trial court and under these circumstances, no impediment is felt in recording so. 12.So far as the identity of the dead body that it was that of the daughter of P.Ws.3 and 4, this court is unable to agree with the contention put forth by the learned Senior counsel for the appellants. Even at the earliest, when she was kidnapped by A-1, a complaint was given. At that time, P.W.3 has given identification marks of the deceased. Further, he has given a statement to the effect that there was a black mole on front of left side of abdomen and an old scar on front of upper part of right thigh. These were the identification marks that were given by P.Ws.3 and 4 at the earliest. When the dead body of the deceased was subjected to post-mortem by P.W.7, the Doctor, who has also clearly marked two identification marks in Ex.P.21, the post-mortem certificate. The added circumstance was that originally, there was a report given by P.W.3 to Andimadam Police station and a case in Crime No.285 of 2004 under Section 363 IPC was registered and the investigation was also pending. Pending investigation of that case, the murder, in the instant case, has taken place. It is pertinent to point out that the result of the superimposition test would indicate that the skull belonged to the female individual seen in the photographs. From that report, it cannot be said that the superimposition test was against the prosecution case. Further, as could be seen from the DNA test, P.Ws.3 and 4 are not the biological parents of the deceased. But, when P.Ws.3 and 4 parents were available and they were able to speak about the facts and the marks of the deceased, which were already given to the police officer and were recorded so and found to be tallied with the post-mortem certificate, no more evidence is required, in the considered opinion of the Court and hence the identity in respect of the deceased was not doubtful. 13.Before the trial court, four accused stood charged for the offence, but the trial court acquitted A-2 and A-4. This court is unable to see any reason to disturb that part of the judgment and apart from that, the prosecution has not appealed against that part of the judgment. So far as the judgment of conviction and sentence as against A-3 is concerned, this court is afraid whether it can accept that part of the judgment made by the trial court. Even as per the evidence that was available for the prosecution, A-3 was standing outside the lodge on 3.9.2003, when A-1 accompanied with the deceased entered the Vijaya Lodge and when A-1 was asked to sign the register, he did not sign, but he called A-3 and A-3 has signed the register and thereafter, he immediately left the place. Thus, it would be quite clear from the evidence and materials available and even as per the prosecution case that after signing the register, A-3 left from the lodge and he had no role to play in the crime in question. Under these circumstances, a piece of evidence that was available, even according to the prosecution, was the register and that register was placed before the Finger Print Expert for comparison with the admitted writings of A-3, but the result of the report was in negative. Hence that evidence was not available for the prosecution. Apart from that, nothing was recovered from A-3 at all. All would go to show that the prosecution had no evidence worth mentioning against A-3 and thus, as rightly pointed out by the learned Senior counsel for the appellants, since A-3 is not found guilty, the offence under Section 120-B IPC would go. Further, since nothing was recovered from A-3, the offence under Section 404 IPC has no application at all and it cannot be said to be sustained. So far as screening of evidence is concerned, it is not the case of the prosecution that he played any role. Hence A-3 is entitled for outright acquittal from all the charges levelled against him. 14.So far as A-1 is concerned, this Court has to record its disagreement with the learned Senior Counsel for the appellants for the following reasons: As pointed out above, the deceased is the daughter of P.Ws.3 and 4. It could be seen from the evidence that the deceased was employed as helper under A-1. They developed illicit intimacy, which was objected to by the parents, namely P.Ws.3 and 4. A panchayat was convened. Despite the same, A-1 eloped with the deceased and a complaint was given by P.W.3 to Andimadam Police Station and a case came to be registered in Crime No.285 of 2004 under Section 363 IPC and the investigation was pending. While the matter stood thus, the occurrence has taken place. On 03.09.2003, when P.W.1, the Manager of Vijaya Lodge was in the reception, A-1 accompanied by the deceased came over there, asked a room, A-1 also paid Rs.250/- as advance and room No.19 was allotted and A-1 could not sign the register, but it was A-3 who signed the register. At this juncture, it is pertinent to point out that P.W.1 questioned A-1 about the lady, who accompanied him. He answered that it was his wife. The court is of the considered opinion that entertaining suspicion, the question was asked by P.W.1 and it was answered by A-1. Hence this would be in the memory of the witness. Added further, according to P.W.10, on the next day morning, he was called by A-1 and A-1 asked a cup of milk and he has also supplied the same. At this juncture, it is pertinent to point out that on the next day morning, a bad odour emanated from the room and the room was actually broken open and the dead body of the deceased was found. P.W.10 has spoken about these facts. The contention put forth by the learned Senior counsel that P.Ws.1 and 10 have very well admitted that number of persons used to come to lodge every day and they have seen the deceased and A-1 only once and hence they could not remember them, cannot be countenanced for the simple reason that from the evidence of P.Ws.1 and 10, it would be quite clear that within 24 hours, the dead body was found in the room and hence this incident that the dead body was found in the room would certainly cause dent in the memory of P.Ws.1 and 10 and naturally, they would not have forgotten the same. The identification parade has taken place after a period of 10 months from the time of occurrence, in which P.Ws.1 and 10 have categorically identified A-1. This court is unable to notice any defect or fault in the identification proceedings. The contention put forth by the learned Senior counsel for the appellants that A-1 was in the police custody for a period of 2 days and hence he would have been shown to the witnesses, in the opinion of the court, cannot be a reason for rejecting the evidence of P.Ws.1 and 10, who were utter third parties. Further, they were neither interested in the prosecution case nor in inimical terms with the accused. Thus, the identification parade, in which A-1 was identified by P.Ws.1 and 10, in the opinion of the court, has got to be accepted as evidence in support of the prosecution case. 15.In the instant case, all the above circumstances that A-1, who stayed with the deceased lady on the night of 3.9.2003 and also left the room on the morning of 5.9.2003 would go to show that none else could have committed the murder except A-1. Further, insofar as A-1 was concerned, it is true, the witness, from whom jewels