FA/2940/2007 1/16 JUDGMENT IN THE HIGH COURT OF GUJARAT AT AHMEDABAD FIRST APPEAL No. 2940 of 2007 With CIVIL APPLICATION No. 8363 of 2007 For Approval and Signature: HONOURABLE MR.JUSTICE H.B.ANTANI ========================================= 1 Whether Reporters of Local Papers may be allowed to see the judgment ? 2 To be referred to the Reporter or not ? 3 Whether their Lordships wish to see the fair copy of the judgment ? 4 Whether this case involves a substantial question of law as to the interpretation of the constitution of India, 1950 or any order made thereunder ? 5 Whether it is to be circulated to the civil judge ? ========================================= = E.S.I.C. - Appellant(s) Versus CHAMEX INDUSTRIES - Respondent(s) ========================================= = Appearance : MR SACHIN D VASAVADA for Appellant(s) : 1, MR DIPAK R DAVE for Respondent(s) : 1, ========================================= = CORAM : HONOURABLE MR.JUSTICE H.B.ANTANI Date : 27/03/2008 ORAL JUDGMENT 1. Heard learned advocate Mr. Sachin D. Vasavada for the appellant and learned advocate Mr. Deepak Dave for the FA/2940/2007 2/16 JUDGMENT respondent. 2. The present appeal is directed against the judgement and order passed by the ESI Court dated 9th May, 2006 in ESI Application No. 26/2006 by which the learned ESI Judge allowed the application preferred by the respondent. Being aggrieved by the aforesaid order, the Insurance Corporation has preferred the present appeal. 3. Learned advocate Mr. Sachin D. Vasavada for the appellant has submitted that the judgement and order passed by the ESI Court is arbitrary, unreasonable and unjustified and, therefore, it requires to be quashed and set aside. The order passed by the learned Judge is contrary to the evidence on record of the case and, therefore, the same is perverse and deserves to be set aside. The ESI Court, while considering the evidence on record, has committed apparent error of law on the basis of the record while allowing the application of the respondent and, therefore, the same requires to be set aside. 4. The learned advocate submitted that the respondent is a proprietory concern and it is established for the purpose of business of manufacturing/testing as well as trading and selling of dyes. The respondent is doing the work of manufacturing/testing work through its workmen/employees and for that purpose, the FA/2940/2007 3/16 JUDGMENT respondent has already engaged more than 12 workers in the premises. The ESI Court has not taken into consideration the provisions of the Act while allowing the application preferred by the respondent and, therefore, the order requires to be set aside. The ESI Court has committed an error in relying upon the report submitted by the Inspector and in allowing the application preferred by the respondent. 5. The learned advocate has submitted that Section 2(12) of the ESI Act provides the definition of “Factory”. “Factory” means any premises including the precincts thereof whereon ten or more persons are employed or were employed for wages on any day of the preceeding twelve months, and in any part of which a manufacturing process is being carried on with the aid of power or is ordinarily so carried on. Section 2 (14AA) defines “manufacturing process”. ““manufacturing process” shall have the meaning assigned to it in the Factories Act, 1948.” 6. The learned advocate submitted that as per the settled legal position, manufacturing process is a very wide and flexible term. Manufacturing process does include all processes, which are FA/2940/2007 4/16 JUDGMENT inextricably connected to make the product marketable and/or in saleable condition. In the present case, before selling the product, the respondent Industry has to carry out testing/research/development on the product by selling three rated dryer. Considering the facts of the present case, which are not in dispute, the learned Judge has not taken into consideration the definition of manufacturing process in its true perspective before allowing the application of the respondent. The learned advocate submitted that considering the definitions of manufacturing process as well as factory as mentioned in ESI Act, the manufacturing process cannot be interpreted in a narrow sense, more particularly, in respect of the benevolent legislation, which is meant for the purposes connected with social welfare. The learned advocate submitted that as the ESI Court has committed an error in allowing the application of the respondent, without considering the evidence on record of the case, the same requires to be set aside. 7. The learned advocate has placed reliance on the following judgements in support of the submission canvassed at bar. (1) ESI Vs. AMBIKA APPLIANCES (P) LTD., (2007(II)CLR 1075) , (2) P. NATRAJAN & ANR. Vs. ESIC (1973 Lab. I.C. 747), (3) M/s. BARANAGAR SERVICE STATION Vs THE EMPLOYEES' STATE INSURANCE CORPORATION (1988 LAB FA/2940/2007 5/16 JUDGMENT I.C. 302), (4) UTTRANCHAL FOREST DEVELOPMENT CORP. Vs. JABAR SINGH, ((2007) 2 SCC 112) 7.1. In the first judgement, ESI Vs. AMBIKA APPLIANCES (P) LTD., (2007(II)CLR 1075), which is relied upon by the learned advocate, the Karnataka High Court considered the provisions of Sections 1, 2(4-AA), 75 of the Employees' State Insurance Act, 1948 and Section 2(k) of the Factories Act and held that the activities carried on by respondent i.e. sales and service of electrical appliances, is an activity, which brings the establishment of respondent within the fold of 'manufacturing process'. 7.2. The second judgement, P. NATRAJAN & ANR. Vs. ESIC (1973 Lab. I.C. 747), is cited by the learned advocate in support of the submission that the process of heating of milk to a high temperature and then bringing it to the low one and then chilling it to destroy germs harmful to the health employed in pasterurisation of milk is a manufacturing process. Since, the milk originally purchased from various persons is treated by a particular process with the aid of power for the purpose of sale and distribution to the customers the premises where the pasteurisation is carried on is a 'factory' within the meaning of Section 2(12) of the Employees State Insurance Act, (1948). FA/2940/2007 6/16 JUDGMENT 7.3. The third judgement, M/s. BARANAGAR SERVICE STATION Vs. THE EMPLOYEES' STATE INSURANCE CORPORATION (1988 LAB I.C. 302), is cited by the learned advocate in support of the submission that the process as contemplated in Section 2(k)(i) and 2(k)(ii) of the Factories Act without causing any transformation to the article or substance under process and without causing any emergence of the new marketable commodity to such article or substance may constitute the 'manufacturing process' as defined in the Employees' State Insurance Act and the Factories Act. On a careful reading of the relevant provisions of the Employees' State Insurance Act and the Factories Act together with the provisions of Section 2(k) of the Factories Act defining the 'manufacturing process', it is clear that the law-makers while making such labour welfare legislation had no intention to add the meaning of transformation or emergence of new marketable commodity to the meaning of 'manufacturing process'. Thus, it was held that the nature of the work and business carried on, namely, running a petrol pump engaged in pumping oil and washing and servicing vehicles came within the definition of 'manufacturing process'. 7.4. In the fourth judgement, UTTRANCHAL FOREST DEVELOPMENT CORP. Vs. JABAR SINGH, ((2007) 2 SCC 112) , which is relied upon by the learned advocate, the Apex Court considered the provisions of Section 2(m), (k) of the Factories FA/2940/2007 7/16 JUDGMENT Act, 1948 and held that cutting of trees by axe and changing the shape of the timber into logs by using hand driven saw and removal, disposal and sale thereof undertaken by State Forest Development Corporation is termed as the activity involving 'manufacturing process' within the meaning of Section 2(k) and the areas of the forest where the said activity was carried was covered by the word 'premises' and, therefore, it would constitute 'factory' within the meaning of Section 2(m). 8. Considering the ratio laid down in the above mentioned judgements, the learned advocate submitted that the order passed by the ESI Court be quashed and set aside and the appeal requires to be allowed. 9. As against the submissions made by the learned advocate for the appellant, the learned advocate for the respondent submitted that it is not correct that the respondent was indulging in manufacturing process with the aid of power. The Inspector had, without looking into the representation preferred by the respondent and without inquiring anything, straightaway extended the provisions of the ESI Act, and, therefore, the respondent was constrained to challenge the said action before the ESI Court. The respondent does not fall within the meaning of the “factory” or “manufacturing process” as canvassed by the learned advocate for the appellant. However, the respondent is doing trading activity FA/2940/2007 8/16 JUDGMENT and is a shop under the Bombay Shops and Establishment Act. The appellant had made false representation before the Hon'ble Court to the effect that the respondent is using power to test and develop the dye products but it is not true and correct because even after sale, if any customer comes forward with any defective product, then after using three rated dryer, with the aid of power, the said defect is being removed. Thus, service is provided to the customer. The appellant has deliberately made false submissions with regard to the undisputed facts. In fact, it is the case of the respondent that they are trading dye and electricity is not being used in any manner whatsoever. The mere testing done by the respondent cannot be termed to be a manufacturing process. The learned ESI Court has considered all the facts and evidence on record of the case as well as preliminary inspection report and rightly come to the conclusion that the respondent is not engaged in the manufacturing process. It was incumbent upon the appellant Corporation to establish before the Court that the respondent is engaged in the manufacturing process. The ESI Act is a piece of benevolent legislation for the purpose of extending its coverage. Corporation cannot without application of mind extend coverage to even a small shop, which has nothing to do with the manufacturing process. 10. Even if the provisions are liberally interpreted, then it becomes very clear that trading of dyes cannot be said to be FA/2940/2007 9/16 JUDGMENT manufacturing process. Even the word “testing” has not been included in the definition of manufacturing process. The learned advocate submitted that sometimes, in order to give satisfaction to the customer to show that the dye is in order, it is being tested and, thereafter, it is given to the customer. If the aforesaid activity is being done, the same cannot be said to be manufacturing activity carried out by the respondent. Thus, there is no substance in the submissions canvassed by the appellant and, therefore, the appeal preferred by the appellant requires to be dismissed. 11. The ESI Court has appreciated the evidence on the record of the case in its true perspective before allowing the application of the respondent and as no substantial question of law is involved in the present appeal, the appeal deserves to be dismissed. 12. The learned advocate has placed reliance on the following judgements in support of his submissions canvassed at the bar. (1) M/s. NATIONAL SERVICE CENTRE AND PETROL PUMP Vs. E.S.I CORPORATION, (1983 LAB I.C. 412), (2) C.S. ANGRE Vs. STATE, (AIR 1965 RAJASTHAN 65), (3) TEGA INDIA LIMITED Vs. CCE, (2004) 2 SCC 727, (4) GUJARAT ELECTRICITY BOARD Vs. STATE OF GUJARAT, (1984 (1) GLR 51, (5) RAM NARAIN & CO. Vs UOI (under provisions of EPF FA/2940/2007 10/16 JUDGMENT Act),1972 GLR 189, (6) AMRI NARAN W/O NARAN KARA Vs. SAUKEM CO.OP. SOCIETY LTD. (under provisions of Workmen's Compensation Act), 1986 (2) GLR 1221 12.1. In the first judgement, M/s. NATIONAL SERVICE CENTRE AND PETROL PUMP Vs. E.S.I CORPORATION, (1983 LAB I.C. 412, which is relied upon by the learned advocate, the Punjab & Haryana High Court held that the business of sale of petrol and service station for repair of cars does not involve any 'manufacturing process' and, therefore, it will not be a Factory as defined in Section 2(k) of Factories Act. 12.2 The second judgement, C.S. ANGRE Vs. STATE, (AIR 1965 RAJASTHAN 65), deals with the definition of 'manufacturing process' and what can be considered as 'manufacturing process'. On consideration of the evidence on record of the case, the Rajasthan High Court has held that no definite or precise test can be prescribed for determining the question whether a particular process is a manufacturing process. Each case must be judged on its own facts, regard being had to the nature of the processes employed, the eventual result achieved and the prevailing business and commercial notions of the people. 12.3. The third judgement, TEGA INDIA LIMITED Vs. CCE, FA/2940/2007 11/16 JUDGMENT (2004) 2 SCC 727, cited by the learned advocate is the judgement rendered by the Apex Court wherein the Apex Court considered the term 'manufacturing process' and the test to determine the same. In view of the ratio laid down by the Apex Court the rubberising and painting of pipes, tanks etc. supplied by customers would not involve the manufacturing procedure. Even incidental actions of cutting of pipes and rejoining was also held to be immaterial. It is further held by the Apex Court that merely because some extra process is carried on the product would not by itself mean that a new item has come into existence. 12.4. The fourth judgement, GUJARAT ELECTRICITY BOARD Vs. STATE OF GUJARAT, (1984 (1) GLR 51, cited by the learned advocate is rendered by the Division Bench of the Gujarat High Court wherein the provisions of Section 2(k) of the Factories Act was considered by the Division Bench. Electric power generating paints are normally inter connected by a transmission and distribution system and power delivered by transmission circuits has to be stepped down in facilities called sub-stations to voltages more suitable for use in industrial and residential areas. It is also noteworthy that sub-stations are classified by the duty they perform. At sub-stations, electric power generating process is not undertaken. The Court held that in the context of the nature of the different activities carried on by sub-stations, it would be apparent that the sub-stations cannot be regarded as places where any FA/2940/2007 12/16 JUDGMENT 'manufacturing process' in the sense of electric power generating process is going on. 12.5. The fifth judgement, RAM NARAIN & CO. Vs UOI (under provisions of EPF Act),1972 GLR 189, cited by the learned advocate is in support of the submission that manufacturing process is defined in Section 2(ia) of the Employees' Provident Funds Act and if it falls within the meaning of Section 2(ia), then the same can be termed as manufacturing process. 12.6. The sixth judgement, AMRI NARAN W/O NARAN KARA Vs. SAUKEM CO.OP. SOCIETY LTD. (under provisions of Workmen's Compensation Act), 1986 (2) GLR 1221, cited by the learned advocate is in support of the submission that on bare perusal of the definition of the 'manufacturing process', it is clear that when buffaloes are milked and the milk is filled in different pots and taken to shops for distribution, the process would be covered by the phrase 'otherwise treating or adapting any article or substance with a view to use, sale, transport or disposal or delivery. The words 'treating' or 'adapting' occurring in clause (i) of the definition of 'manufacturing process' should be given the broadest possible meaning so as to cover the activities and process by which milk is filled in different pots. 13. Thus, the learned advocate submitted that considering the FA/2940/2007 13/16 JUDGMENT ratio laid down in the judgements cited hereinabove, no case is made out by the appellant, which would warrant interference in the appeal, and since no substantial question of law is involved in the appeal, the same is liable to be dismissed. 14. I have heard learned advocate Mr. Sachin D. Vasavada for the appellant and learned advocate Mr. Deepak Dave for the respondent at length and in great detail. I have also perused the reasons assigned by the ESI Court while allowing the application of the respondent. The Record and Proceedings were called for by this Court and the same is perused by me. Looking to the facts of the case, the definition as given of the “factory” in the ESI Act as well as the “manufacturing process” is considered by the learned Judge. The learned Judge has, after considering the entire gamut of oral evidence and documentary evidence, came to the conclusion that the respondent Company was not indulging in the manufacturing process and the Company had employed 12 persons for the purpose of testing and dyeing. The ESI Court also considered the report submitted by the factory Inspector and has come to the conclusion that the Company of the respondent was not employing more than 12 persons. The deposition adduced by Mr. Anand Manilal Jain makes it clear that the respondent Company was doing the work of trading and no manufacturing process was carried out in the respondent Company. The respondent had also produced the documentary evidence in support thereof. The FA/2940/2007 14/16 JUDGMENT certificate issued by the concerned authority with regard to the registration of the Company is also produced. Even the bills were produced vide Exh. 21 to 27, which also make it clear that the respondent was doing the work of trading and not of manufacturing. 15. On behalf of the Corporation Mr. C.S. Parmar has been examined vide Exh. 35. He has deposed that the respondent Company was doing the manufacturing work but there is nothing on record to support the aforesaid version. Thus, the learned Judge has, after taking into consideration the deposition adduced by both the sides, rightly held that the respondent Company would not fall within the definition of Section 2(k) of the Factories Act as it was not doing the manufacturing process. Even the definition, as contained in Section 2(k), does not include the work of testing and, therefore, the ESI Court has rightly held that the case of the respondent would not fall under Section 2(k) of the Factories Act, 1948. Even as per the evidence on record and considering the trading activity where the power was used by the respondent Company, the learned Judge, in my considered view, has rightly allowed the application of the respondent and rejected the contention raised by the present appellant. 16. I have also considered the decisions cited by the learned Counsel of both the sides. There is no dispute about the ratio of the FA/2940/2007 15/16 JUDGMENT proposition laid down in those judgements but considering the evidence on record, the learned ESI Court has rightly allowed the application of the respondent. 17. The present appeal is preferred under Section 82 of the Employees' State Insurance Act, 1948. Section 82 is reproduced hereinbelow; 82. Appeal-(1) Save as expressly provided in this section, no appeal shall lie from an order of an Employees' Insurance Court. (2) An appeal shall lie to the High Court from an order of an Employees' Insurance Court if it involves a substantial question of law. (3) The period of limitation for an appeal under this section shall be sixty days. (4) The provisions of sections 5 and 12 of the Limitation Act, 1963 (36 of 1963) shall apply to appeals under this Section. 18. On bare perusal of Section 82 it becomes clear that save as expressly provided, no appeal shall lie from the order of the Employees' Insurance Court. The appeal shall lie to the High Court from an order of an Employees' Insurance Court only if it involves a substantial question of law. FA/2940/2007 16/16 JUDGMENT 19. Thus, the scope and jurisdiction of this Court is very limited and narrow under Section 82 of the ESI Act. 20. In view of the foregoing discussion since the appellant has not made out a case for interference by this Court in the appeal preferred under Section 82 of the ESI Act, the appeal is liable to fail. Hence, the same is dismissed. CIVIL APPLICATION No. 8363/2007 Since the main appeal is disposed of, the Civil Application does not survive, and, is therefore, disposed of accordingly. (H.B. ANTANI, J.) siji