IN THE HIGH COURT OF JUDICATURE AT MADRAS Dated:- 10.04.2008 Coram:- The Hon'ble Mr. Justice P.D.DINAKARAN and The Hon'ble Mr. Justice R.REGUPATHI Criminal Appeal No.1124 of 2007 Balkis ... Appellant vs. State by Inspector of Police, Thandrampattu P.S. Crime No.225/2005 of Thanipadi P.S. Tiruvannamalai District. ... Respondent Appeal against the Judgment in Sessions Case No.127 of 2006, dated 23.10.2007, passed by the District and Sessions Judge, Tiruvannamalai District. For Appellant : Mr.Karthik, for M/s.T.S.Gopalan & Co. For Respondent : Mr.N.R.Elango, Addl. Public Prosecutor. J U D G M E N T (Delivered by R.REGUPATHI, J.) The appellant herein/accused, a lady aged about 23, was charged by the trial court for having committed the murder of her own daughter, aged about 2 1/2 year. The allegation is that on account of her intimacy with one John Basha, the accused gave birth to the deceased and thereafter, on coming to know that the said John Basha already got married, she quarrelled with him, whereupon, he left the village. Subsequently, while living separately with her mother PW-3, she developed intimacy with one Velu and such affair came to be known to the villagers, resulting in a panchayat. PW-3 and other villagers did not recognise the relationship between the accused and the said Velu and hence, Velu left the village. Thinking that the child would be an impediment for her affair with Velu, the accused intended to do away with the child and in furtherance of such intention, she took the child and threw her into the Well belonging to one Syed Qasim resulting in her death; hence, charge under Section 302 IPC. was framed against her. The prosecution, in order to substantiate its case, examined PWs-1 to 10, marked Exs.P1 to P12 and produced MOs-1 to 7. Learned District and Sessions Judge, Tiruvannamalai, by judgemnt dated 23.10.2007, passed in Sessions Case No.127 of 2006, found the accused guilty of the charge under Section 302 IPC. and sentenced her to undergo life imprisonment. 2. The case of the prosecution, as projected by its witnesses, is concisely stated here-under:- PW-1 is the Village Administrative Officer of Puthur Chekkadi Village. On 29.03.2005 at 6.30 A.M., one Ravanan, village Assistant, Thiruvadathanur, informed him that dead body of a female child aged about 2 1/2 year was floating in the Well belonging to one Syed Qasim. Immediately, PW-1 reached the place where the Well is situated and on enquiry found that the deceased child is the daughter of the accused and that the accused left her residence 15 days ago taking the child with her. Thereafter, PW-1 went to the police station and lodged a written complaint under Ex.P1. PW-3 is the mother of the accused and the deceased child is her grand daughter. She has stated that the marriage of the accused was performed with an auto-driver and on coming to know about the earlier marriage of that person, he was sent out and her daughter, the accused was living with her. Thereafter, she developed intimacy with one Velu and left the house along with the deceased child. Three days later, she found the dead body of the child floating in the well and she did not know the whereabouts of the accused. It is the evidence of PW-4 that two years ago, at Saidapet Bus-stand at about 9 A.M., he saw the accused alighting from the bus along with the deceased child. PW-5 has stated that about 2 1/2 years back, the accused along with her child came to her residence and asked for food, which was given. Thereafter, at 12 Noon, the accused was seen alone and when questioned about the child, she left the place without answering the question. Three days thereafter, PW-5 came to know that the deceased child was found dead in the well belonging to Syed Qasim. PW-6 is the sister-in-law of Velu. It is her evidence that the accused came to her residence along with Velu taking her child and Velu informed her that he is going to marry the accused and that she would stay there for three days. After three days, they left the residence and the accused alone returned back at 11 P.M. When questioned about the child and Velu, the accused answered that she left the child at her mother's residence and that Velu would return back on the next day. The accused stayed there for two more days and thereafter left that place. PW-9 is the Sub Inspector of Police. On 29.03.2005 at 8 A.M., he received the complaint from PW-1, registered a case in Crime No.225 of 2005 under Section 174 Cr.P.C. and sent copies of the F.I.R. under Ex.P8 to the court of the Judicial magistrate and superior officials. PW-10 is the Inspector of Police, who, on receipt of the First Information Report, reached the scene of occurrence at 8.40 A.M. and found the dead body floating in the well. After taking out the body, he prepared observation mahazar Ex.P2 and rough sketch Ex.P9. He recovered water from the well in MO7 bottle under Ex.P3 mahazar. He conducted inquest over the dead body of the deceased in the presence of witnesses and Ex.P10 is the inquest report. He caused photographs to be taken through PW-7 and examined PW-3, the mother of the accused, who identified the deceased as her grand daughter born to the accused. The dead body of the deceased was sent to the Government Hospital through PW-8, the Head Constable, to conduct post mortem. On 29.03.2005 at 12.45 P.M., PW-2, the Medical Officer attached to Thanipadi Government Hospital, conducted post-mortem over the dead body of the deceased and issued Ex.P-7 post mortem certificate. Due to decomposition of the body, identification marks could not be noticed and the Doctor has opined that the deceased would appear to have died of drowning about 60 to 90 hours prior to post mortem. On 30.03.2005 at 3 P.M., the accused surrendered before PW-1, the Village Administrative Officer at the time when he was in his office and confessed that it is she who had thrown the child in the well. After reducing her statement into writing as Ex.P4, he took her to the police station and handed over her to the Investigating Officer available there. The Investigating Officer, on production of the accused at 4.30 P.M. examined her and recorded a statement and she has stated that she would point out the Well where she had thrown her child. Pursuant thereto, she took PW-10 and others and identified the well in the presence of witnesses. The case was thereafter altered from 174 Cr.P.C. to 302 IPC., Ex.P12 express report was prepared and the same was despatched to Judicial Magistrate, Chengam. Material objects were despatched to the Court for sending the same to the forensic lab for opinion. After receiving medical and forensic reports and examination of witnesses, the Investigating Officer filed final report on 05.07.2005 against the accused for the offence punishable under Section 302 IPC. When questioned under Section 313 Cr.P.C., the accused denied her complicity in the commission of the offence and pleaded innocence. The learned trial Judge, after considering the oral and documentary evidence and the submissions advanced on either side, convicted and sentenced the accused/appellant herein as aforementioned; hence, the present appeal. 3. Learned counsel for the appellant submits that though the identity of the deceased child has been established through the evidence of PW-3, there is no direct evidence available to link the appellant herein with the alleged offence. To substantiate that the deceased was staying along with the accused, PWs-4 to 6 have been examined and even accepting their testimonies to be true, the offence alleged viz., the accused caused the death of her child, has not been established beyond reasonable doubt. The vital aspect that the deceased was last seen alive in the company of the accused has not been sufficiently established. It is the evidence of PW-4 that the accused was seen along with the deceased at Saidapet Bus Stand at 9 A.M. and according to PW-5, she saw them at 10 A.M.; however, the date of such meeting has not been mentioned. Though it has been stated by PW-6 that the accused was staying at her residence for 3 days, went out on a particular day with the child and thereafter returned back alone, no plausible material is available, which would emphatically suggest that the accused actually left that place for the purpose of eliminating her child. By referring to the evidence of PW-1, it is pointed out that in the course of chief-examination, he has stated that the accused came to his office on 30.03.2005 at 3 P.M. and gave the extra judicial confession Ex.P4, however, in the cross examination, he has stated that even by 12 p.m. he met the accused at the police station and recorded a statement from her. According to the learned counsel, if the admission made in the cross-examination is accepted, then, there is no possibility for the appearance of the accused on 30.03.2005 at 3 P.M. before the VAO, the recording of Ex.P4 by him at his office and the production of the accused before the Investigating Officer. That being so, the subsequent recording of voluntary statement by the Investigating Officer and the accused pointing out the place of occurrence will not be of any value and on the contrary, the aforesaid aspects will only substantiate that Ex.P4 and other contemporaneous materials have been concocted to fortify the weak case of the prosecution. If the alleged extra judicial confession given by the Village Administrative Officer is disbelieved, then the entire prosecution case falls to ground. Though it has been vaguely stated in the charge that it is the accused, who had thrown the deceased into the well and thereby caused her death, there is no direct material to connect the appellant/accused with the crime. In such circumstances, it is submitted that the prosecution miserably failed to establish its case and this is a fit case for acquittal. 4. Per contra, learned Additional Public Prosecutor submits that the extra judicial confession given by the accused on 30.03.2005 to the Village Administrative Officer and reduced into writing as Ex.P4 is very much reliable. The accused was produced along with Ex.P4 and the Investigating Officer thereafter recorded her statement and further the Well wherein the dead body was found was also identified by the accused. According to him, the extra judicial confession made to PW-1, a responsible Village Administrative Officer, cannot be simply brushed aside on flimsy grounds. Merely because of the reason that PW-1 has given a contradictory version during cross examination about the availability of the accused at the police station even prior to her appearance before him, the same would not be a basis to discredit his testimony as a whole. If the extra judicial confession is accepted, then, the other circumstances put forward through the evidence of PWs-3 to 6 may give a lending credence to substantiate the allegation put forth by the prosecution. PW-3, the mother of the accused stated about the accused leaving her residence with the child and about her intimacy with Velu. PWs-4 to 6 also stated about the presence of the deceased along with the accused during the time of occurrence. Inasmuch the evidence of PWs-4 to 6 corroborates the extra judicial confession made by the accused, it can be safely concluded that the offence alleged is made out and rightly, the trial court has convicted the accused on well founded grounds holding that the prosecution has substantiated its case beyond reasonable doubts. 5. We have carefully perused the materials available on record and considered the submissions made by the counsel appearing on either side. 6. This is a case of circumstantial evidence. It is settled law that before the court can record conviction, it must satisfy itself that circumstances from which an inference of guilt could be drawn have been established by unimpeachable evidence led by the prosecution and that all the circumstances put together are not only of a conclusive nature but also complete the chain so fully as to unerringly point towards the guilt of the accused and are not capable of any explanation which is not consistent with the hypothesis of the guilt of the accused. 7. Now, let us examine whether the prosecution has proved its case beyond reasonable doubt and whether the order of conviction and sentence passed by the trial court is sustainable or not. 8. During chief examination, PW-1 has stated that the accused appeared before him on 30.03.2005 at 3 P.M. and the statement given by her was recorded at his office under Ex.P4, however, quite contrary thereto, in cross examination, he states that the accused was seen by him at 12 Noon at the police station and only under such circumstances, he recorded the statement of the accused. It is quite surprising to note that PW-1 has not even adhered to the usual procedure prescribed, for, in the cross examination, he proceeds to state that in cases of suspicious death, it is an obligation on his part to send a printed report to the Tahsildar and make a written statement to him however, he did not do so and that in the statement before police, he did not say anything about the accused making confession to him, the special report prepared by him and production of the accused by him at the police station. No doubt, a free and voluntary extra judicial confession deserves the highest credit, because it is presumed to have flown from the highest sense of guilt. Courts would normally look into two aspects with regard to extra judicial confession viz., : (i) was it made voluntarily? and (ii) is it true? One more vital important question, in regard to which the court has to be satisfied with is, whether when the accused made the confession, he/she was a free man/woman or his/her movements were controlled by the police either by themselves or through some other agency employed by them for the purpose of securing such a confession. In the case on hand, the answers for the above questions are not in favour of the prosecution and it is obvious from the cross examination of PW-1 that the accused was already secured by the police and the so-called extra judicial confession was procured by PW-1 only at the police station. That being so, the contradictory versions from a village administrative officer, a responsible person, in material particulars create a grave doubt about the authenticity of Ex.P4. If the alleged extra judicial confession given to the V.A.O. is suspected and eschewed from consideration, it goes without saying that the edifice of the prosecution case is destroyed. Further, as could be seen from the charge, the occurrence is alleged to have taken place between 10.30 A.M. and 12.30 P.M. on 26.03.2005. It is the evidence of PW-4 that the deceased child was seen alive with the accused at 9 A.M. and by PW-5 at 10 A.M. PW-4 could recollect his memory to state that he saw them together 2 years ago while according to PW-5 and PW-6, it was about 2 to 2 1/2 years prior to their deposition before court. No witness has specifically mentioned the date or day so that their testimonies can be acted upon in order to derive a strong circumstance as against the accused with regard to last seen alive theory. From the rough sketch Ex.P9, it is seen that the place of occurrence is an open well without parapet walls. Thus, it is not a well surrounded by walls so as to rule out the possibility of accidental fall of the child. There is no material much less corroborative material adduced on the side of the prosecution to explain as to how the accused along with the deceased reached the scene of occurrence. Another important feature to be pointed out is that it is the evidence of PW-6 who is the sister-in-law of Velu that both the accused and Velu wanted to get married and Velu left the residence along with the accused, who took the deceased with her. Further, when the accused returned back to the residence lonely without child, the said Velu did not accompany her. The emphatic case of the prosecution is that the deceased child fell as an impediment for the intimacy and marriage proposal between the accused and the said Velu. In such circumstances, non-examination of Velu adversely affects the prosecution case indicating that the investigating and prosecuting agencies did not proceed in a proper perspective from the inception. If intention is attributed to the accused, equally, it is attributable to Velu also. Unfortunately, Velu has neither been arrayed as an accused nor cited as a witness; at any rate, non-examination of Velu cannot be so slightly ignored. We have also noticed the fact that the age of the deceased is only 2 1/2 year and as per medical opinion, the death was due to drowning and no external injury was noticed on the body of the deceased. In such circumstances, the manner of commission of the offence as put forth by the prosecution is quite doubtful. It has been stated in the extra judicial confession that the deceased was thrown into the well. If that is really so, there might have been some external injuries on the tender body of the child and absence of the same suggests otherwise about the case of the prosecution. On a wholesome analysis of the materials put forth by the prosecution, we are of the considered view that the prosecution has not established its case beyond reasonable doubt. Since this is a case of circumstantial evidence, the circumstances put forth by the prosecution must be proved beyond reasonable doubt. In this case, the chain of circumstances is not complete and is abruptly broken and missing. The trial court, without taking note of glaring inconsistencies in material particulars, has erroneously proceeded to hold against the appellant/accused; therefore, by granting benefit of doubt in her favour, the order of conviction and sentence passed by the court below is set aside. 9. Net result, appeal is allowed. The accused/appellant viz., Balkis is acquitted of the charge under Section 302 IPC. She be released forthwith, if not required in any other case. (PDDJ) (RRJ) Index : yes / no. 10.04.2008 Internet : yes / no. JI. To District and Sessions Judge, Tiruvannamalai District. P.D.DINAKARAN, J. and R.REGUPATHI, J. Crl.A. No.1124/2007. 10.04.2008.