IN THE HIGH COURT OF JUDICATURE OF ANDHRAPRADESH AT HYDERABAD HONOURABLE SRI JUSTICE SAMUDRALA GOVINDARAJULU CRIMINAL APPEAL No. 1828 of 2004 DATE:29.06.2011 Between: Appellant Vidiyala Ananda Babu And State - rep. by A.C.B, Vijayawada Range Respondent HONOURABLE SRI JUSTICE SAMUDRALA GOVINDARAJULU CRIMINAL APPEAL No. 1828 of 2004 JUDGMENT : The accused/appellant was working as District Backward Classes Welfare Officer, Krishna District at Machilipatnam during the relevant period. The Special Judge for SPE and ACB cases, Vijayawada by judgment dated 23.07.2004 in C.C. No.2 of 1998 convicted the accused of the offences under Sections 7 and 13(1)(d)/13(2) of the Prevention of Corruption Act, 1988 (in short, the Act) and sentenced him to simple imprisonment for two years and fine of Rs.2,500/- on each count separately. The accused seeks indulgence of this Court in this appeal. 2) P.W-1 was working as warden in Backward Classes (B.C) Welfare Hostel, Gaddamanugu Kondur (G.Kondur) of Krishna District. The Revenue Divisional Officer, Vijayawada conducted surprise check of that hostel on 12.09.1996 and sent report dated 16.10.1996 to the District Collector, Krishna, Machilipatnam about irregularities in that hostel. It is alleged that the accused issued charge memo to P.W-1 on 28.10.1996 calling upon his explanation and that on 05.11.1996, P.W-1 submitted explanation personally to the accused at his house. It is alleged that at that time, the accused threatened P.W-1 with disciplinary action against him and to suspend him and recommend for his dismissal and that the accused demanded bribe of Rs.5,000/-for not taking any action against him and for sending favourable report to higher authorities and that on 15.11.1996 when P.W-1 approached the accused and enquired about his explanation, the accused asked P.W-1 whether he brought the demanded bribe amount of Rs.5,000/- and that when P.W-1 pleaded his inability to pay the demanded bribe amount, the accused reduced the amount to Rs.3,000/- as bribe. With the said allegations, P.W-1 gave Ex.P-3 report to P.W-8 Inspector of Police, Anti Corruption Bureau (A.C.B), Vijayawada which was registered on 17.12.1996. On 18.12.1996, P.W-7/Deputy Superintendent of Police, A.C.B, Vijayawada organised trap for the accused in the presence of mediators including P.W-5. Before proceeding for the trap, pre-trap procedures were conducted as per Ex.P-8 mediators' report. It is alleged that during the course of trap, when P.W-1 met the accused at his residence, the accused demanded and received M.O-1 tainted cash of Rs.3,000/- from P.W-1 as illegal gratification for doing official favour. Plea of the accused is one of total denial. The lower Court after full trial accepted the prosecution version and found the accused guilty of the charges framed against him. 3) In this appeal, it is contended by the senior counsel for the appellant that except the evidence of P.W-1, there is no other evidence corroborating P.W-1 for either demand or acceptance of bribe amount by the accused from P.W-1 and that P.W-1's evidence is not trustworthy and the lower Court should not have relied upon P.W-1. It is further contended for the appellant that defence version as to the facts which took place on the date of trap are proved by D.Ws 1 to 3 and that during the course of trap, P.W-1 thrusted M.O-1 tainted cash into shirt pocket of the accused and that when the accused refused to receive the said amount and threw it away, P.W-1 slapped the accused, fisted on his face and kicked the accused with his leg with shoe on testicles resulting in oozing of blood from nostrils and passing of urine with blood. It is contended by the Special Public Prosecutor that the defence version regarding P.W-1 beating the accused resulting in oozing of blood from body parts of the accused was only pleaded by the accused with an intention to gain sympathy for the accused in this case. It is further contended for the appellant that there was no official favour pending with the accused during the period of trap. 4) For the sake of convenience, I propose to consider in the first instance the plea of the accused that P.W-1 assaulted him. D.Ws 1 and 2 claimed to be neighbours of house of the accused at Machilipatnam. Both of them were doing pisciculture. D.W-1 claims to be occupying a room as tenant in the house located on northern side of house of the accused. D.W- 2 claims to be occupying a house opposite to house of the accused. At the time of offence, D.W-1 is stated to have gone to house of D.W-2 for discussing a matter relating their avocation and both of them are stated to have seen the incident which took place inside house of the accused by standing in the opposite house. Ex.P-10 is rough sketch of house of the accused together with surrounding locality, prepared by P.W-7/trap laying officer. In Ex.P-10, though one house is shown on the northern side of house of the accused, it was noted as house belonging to Kondisetti Satyanarayana. Similarly, there is a hut opposite to house of the accused and it is noted as hut of Vinnakota Venkata Subbulu. Another house which is diagonally opposite to house of the accused and lying at corner of the road is shown to be long to Chalamalasetti Radha Krishna. Occupation of any houses in the locality of house of the accused by D.Ws 1 and 2 does not find place in Ex.P-10 rough sketch. So, presence of D.Ws 1 and 2 and their evidence are highly doubtful. It is not the evidence of D.Ws 1 and 2 that when P.W-1 is stated to have quarrelled with the accused and assaulted the accused by slapping him, fisting him and kicking him with leg with shoe, any of D.Ws 1 and 2 interfered and went to the rescue of the accused. They were standing outside house of the accused as if they were watching a show. Presence of D.Ws 1 and 2 and they witnessing the incidents which took place between P.W-1 and the accused cannot be believed for a moment. 5) It is contended for the appellant that in spite of evidence of D.W- 3 about the accused sustaining bleeding injuries, the prosecution did not produce wearing apparel of the accused and did not take steps for sending the said clothes for chemical examination. As per evidence on record, the accused was wearing a lungi and a green coloured shirt. After the incident, when A.C.B officials entered into the scene, the accused suddenly fell down and was struggling with froth coming out of his mouth and at that time some one removed shirt of the accused. Subsequently the accused was shifted from his house to Government hospital, Machilipatnam. At the hospital, lungi, shawl and towel of the accused were stated to have been preserved by the doctor. This is not a case relating to an offence against body of the accused in order to prove by the prosecution that clothes of the accused were blood stained or not. In this case relating to the alleged corruption of the accused, production of wearing apparel of the accused at the time of the offence in order to prove existence of blood stains on them may not arise at all. It is for the accused to produce evidence and to probabilise his defence version. In this case, the accused did not produce any evidence relating to existence of blood or blood stains on his clothes. The accused also did not produce any medical evidence to show that he sustained any external or internal injuries resulting any oozing of blood from his nostrils and passing of urine with blood. Ex.P-19 is hospital intimation given by the hospital authorities on admission of the accused in the hospital. Ex.P-18 is the book in which Ex.P-19 hospital intimation was marked. Even though A.C.B called for medical record relating to the accused from that hospital, they have returned the same to the hospital along with Ex.P-17 letter. The accused did not summon any medical record to show nature of injuries sustained by him on the date of trap and treatment taken by him in the hospital, in order to probabilise his version that P.W-1 was aggressive towards him when he refused to receive bribe amount from him. 6) On the next date of trap, after the accused was discharged from the hospital, the accused surrendered before A.C.B officials along with a doctor. At that time, Ex.P-11 mediators' report was drafted and it contains statement of the accused given to A.C.B officials. The said statement of the accused contained in Ex.P-11 mediators' report, is not a relevant piece of evidence under Section 8 of the Evidence Act, since it was no spontaneous statement given by the accused during the course of trap. It was a statement given by the accused after long lapse of time and after his family members as well as others met him and after the accused having possibility of discussing with others. At any rate, the statement contained in Ex.P-11 can be taken as a defence version, for proof of which the burden is on the accused. Even as per the defence version contained in Ex.P-11, the accused was suffering from Epilepsy (fits). Therefore, there is every possibility of a patient of Epilepsy biting his own tongue resulting in oozing of blood from the mouth along with froth. As per evidence of D.W-3/attender who came to house of the accused after knowing about the accused falling down unconscious, the accused was oozing blood from his mouth along with froth. It is not his evidence that there was any oozing of blood from his nose or from his penis. 7) Ex.P-9 mediators' report relating to post-trap proceedings as well as evidence of P.W-5 and P.W-7 show that after receiving prearranged signal from P.W-1, P.Ws 5, 8 and others rushed into house of the accused and after testing hand fingers of the accused in sodium carbonate solution, P.W-7 questioned the accused about acceptance of tainted currency notes from P.W-1 and thereupon the accused lead the trap party to southern side of his house and pointed out a folded cover which was kept outside southern windowsill of that house, from where M.O-1 tainted currency notes were seized. It is further noted therein that when P.W-7 asked the accused to narrate as to what happened prior to arrival of the trap party, the accused stated that P.W-1 came to his house 10 minutes prior to arrival of the trap party and enquired about pending diet bills; and so saying, the accused suddenly fainted and fell down and froth came from mouth of the accused and the accused passed motion and entire body of the accused started sweating profusely. After giving first aid, at the instance of the trap party, ambulance and taxi were called and the accused was shifted to Government hospital. Ex.P-9 shows that the accused did not give any spot explanation with regard to the events which occurred on the same date of the trap and as to how M.O-1 tainted cash was at windowsill on southern side of his house. 8) In the light of the above discussion of the material on record, I do not place any reliance on the defence version that P.W-1 was aggressive towards the accused and that P.W-1 slapped or fisted or kicked the accused. If really such incident took place, the accused would not have failed to take criminal legal action against P.W-1. Simply because that part of the defence version is not believed by this Court, it may not follow that the prosecution version is liable to be accepted. This Court has to scrutinise the prosecution evidence to find whether there is evidence of demand for bribe and acceptance of bribe by the accused from P.W-1. 9) It is contended by the Special Public Prosecutor that the fact that the accused lead the trap party to the windowsill on southern side of his house to point out lying of M.O-1 tainted cash along with M.O-4 cover at that place, is a strong circumstance in favour of the prosecution case. From Ex.P-10 rough sketch and also from the evidence of the trap laying officer/P.W-7, there is no doubt of the fact that M.O-1 tainted cash was found in the windowsill outside the house on the side of the open yard. P.W-7 says that there is possibility for any person to place the money in the windowsill by entering into compound of house of the accused without knowledge of the inmates. Even though the windowsill from where M.O-1 tainted cash was recovered is accessible for all and even though there is possibility of any other person planting the cash at that place, it is contended by the Special Public Prosecutor that since it was the accused who lead the trap party, and showed M.O-1 tainted cash on windowsill, it has to be concluded that it was the accused who placed the same at that place and that it follows that M.O-1 tainted cash was seized from possession of the accused and that the said fact is sufficient to draw presumption contained in Section 20(1) of the Act. It is well settled principle of law that mere fact of recovery of tainted cash from possession of the accused cannot lead to drawing of presumption under Section 20(1) of the Act and that the Court can draw the said presumption only on proof of demand and acceptance of bribe or illegal gratification by the accused (see Banarsidas V. State of Haryana[1]). 10) With regard to demand for bribe and acceptance of bribe by the accused, there is evidence of P.W-1 alone. The trap laying officer did not employ any accompanying witness for P.W-1 at the time of trap. There were no witnesses for the demands said to have been made by the accused on 05.11.1996, 15.11.1996 and 01.12.1996. It is no doubt true that corroboration cannot be sought as a matter of rule, but it is only a matter of prudence. Sole testimony of the decoy witness P.W-1 is sufficient to prove demand and acceptance, in case his evidence is trustworthy. 11) P.W-4 is the then Revenue Divisional Officer, Vijayawada. He inspected the backward classes welfare hostel in G.Konduru by way of surprise check on 12.09.1996 at 12.00 noon. P.W-1 was warden of that hostel during that time. It is his evidence that the accused was not available in the hostel and that registers were not available for inspection and that children complained about not providing sufficient food and other amenities. Since neither the accused was available nor registers were available for detailed inspection, P.W-4 sealed stock room and instructed Mandal Revenue Officer and Mandal Revenue Inspector to inspect the registers on the next day and to verify the stocks. After they verified the stocks and registers and sent report, P.W-4 forwarded the same to the Collector on 23.10.1996 as per Ex.D-5. On the basis of the said report, the Collector issued Ex.P-1 memo dated 28.10.1996 to P.W-1 through Assistant B.C. Welfare Officer, Vijayawada for service. In Ex.P-1, P.W-1 was called upon to explain why one increment may not be stopped for dereliction of his duties and why disciplinary action should not be initiated against him; and he was directed to submit his explanation within seven days from the date of receipt of the said memo. 12) It is evidence of P.W-1 that after receiving Ex.P-1 memo, he met the accused at his house on 05.11.1996 along with Ex.P-2 explanation dated 05.11.1996. Ex.P-1 memo was not routed through the accused who was District B.C.Welfare Officer, Machilipatnam. Ex.P-1 memo was routed through Assistant B.C. Welfare Officer, Vijayawada. In spite of it, P.W-1 submitted Ex.P-2 explanation dated 05.11.1996 to the accused in his capacity as District B.C. Welfare Officer. On Ex.P-2, there is one dated initial to the effect that it was received on 07.11.1996. Again, there is a note prepared by Assistant B.C. Welfare Officer, Vijayawada on Ex.P-2. The said note of Assistant B.C. Welfare Officer is also dated 07.11.1996. Ex.P-2 does not read that the said explanation was sent by P.W-1 to the accused through Assistant B.C. Welfare Officer, Vijayawada. It is contended that there is no proof to show that P.W-1 met the accused along with Ex.P-2 explanation on 05.11.1996. 13) It is evidence of P.W-1 that on 05.11.1996 the accused at his house told him that he would take action against him and see that he would be suspended, and demanded bribe of Rs.5,000/- for not taking any action against him. He further says that on 15.11.1996 he went to Machilipatnam to submit diet bills and that he met the accused in his office and requested him not to take any action and to consider his explanation and that the accused demanded that he should pay at least Rs.3,000/- as bribe for not taking action against him. P.W-1 further says that on 01.12.1996 he went to Machilipatnam for his pay bills and as it was Sunday he met the accused at his house and that the accused again demanded and pressed him for payment of bribe in harsh tone. According to P.W-1, after coming out of house of the accused, he sat in District B.C. Welfare Office Varandah and wrote Ex.P-3 report to A.C.B and from there he went to A.C.B office at Vijayawada and gave the same to P.W-8 Inspector of Police, A.C.B Vijayawada. 14) It is contended that even though Ex.P-3 report was given by P.W-1 to P.W-8 on 01.12.1996, it was not registered till 17.12.1996. It is further contended that P.W-8 was instrumental in filing this case against the accused as P.W-1 claims to be related to P.W-8. P.W-8 denied he having any relationship with P.W-1. As per P.W-8's evidence, he is 'Kamma' by caste, whereas P.W-1 is 'Harizan' by caste. P.W-8 gave explanation for the delay in registering Ex.P-8 report by stating that after receiving Ex.P-3 from P.W-1, he made discreet pre-registration enquiries and after satisfying himself about the contents of Ex.P-3, he placed Ex.P-3 before P.W-7 who registered the same on 17.12.1996 and organised the trap on 18.12.1996. 15) With regard to the trap, P.W-1 deposed that the accused was sitting in Varandah of his house and that on seeing him the accused asked him whether he brought the money and that the accused took him to abutting room and that he gave tainted currency notes to the accused who received them with his right hand and counted them with both hands and that the accused took out a brown envelope from his almyrah and kept the money on the envelope and folded it without keeping the money inside the cover and that the accused promised to write favourable report to the Collector and that he came out of house of the accused and gave pre- arranged signal to the trap party. P.W-5/mediator deposed that when they entered into house of the accused, the accused came out of the room and sat in the chair and that when P.W-7 introduced himself, the accused started shivering. He speaks to conducting of both hand wash test in sodium carbonate solution, turning the solution into pink. He says that when P.W-7 questioned the accused about the same, the accused lead them to southern side of his house and showed a cover in brown colour kept outside of the window of his house and that when he took out that cover, he found M.O-1 tainted cash folded in that cover. It is contended that there is possibility of P.W-1 himself planting M.O-4 cover along with M.O-1 tainted cash in windowsill on southern side of compound of the accused. There is no evidence on record to show as to how M.O-1 tainted cash along with M.O-4 cover reached the windowsill on southern side. It is contended that unless one negotiates towards southern side by entering into the compound, it may not be possible for anybody to keep M.O-1 cash on the windowsill. The accused did not explain, as per contents of Ex.P-9 post-trap proceedings, as to how M.O-1 cash reached windowsill on southern side of that house. It is further contended that it probalises the defence version that when P.W-1 thrusted tainted cash into pocket of the accused, the accused refused to receive and took it out from his pocket and had thrown the same at P.W-1 and that P.W-1 might have planted M.O-1 tainted cash on outer windowsill of house of the accused while going away. At the time of the incident of P.W-1 offering cash to the accused, they were not in outer warandah, but P.W-1 was taken by the accused into the room of the accused. 16) It is contended that after allegedly counting the cash with two hands, there was no need for the accused to bring an envelope from almyrah and fold the currency notes with the said cover and that instead the accused if really received the currency notes, would have kept them in the almyrah itself. It is further pointed out by the senior counsel for the appellant that there is no possibility of keeping the tainted currency notes in windowsill from inside the house. P.Ws 1, 5 and 7 also did not speak to any possibility of keeping tainted currency notes in windowsill from inside the house. The window at that place is covered with grill. It is contended that when there is no lurking doubt in mind of the accused about the trap, there was no occasion for the accused to secret the tainted currency notes allegedly received by the accused and that above probabilities would demolish the prosecution contention that it was the accused who lead the trap party to the windowsill to enable the trap party to recover the tainted cash from windowsill. 17) Keeping the said probabilities in mind, I further propose to discuss other evidence on record. Ex.D-1 contains two attendance registers maintained in B.C boys hostel, G.Konduru. Relevant entries in Ex.D-1 show that P.W-1 attended the hostel both during morning session as well as during evening session on 05.11.1996 and 15.11.1996. P.W-1 in cross-examination admits the said fact. As per evidence of P.W-1, Machilipatnam is at a distance of 150 kilometres from G.Kondur and his duty hours are between 6.00 A.M and 9.00 A.M, and from 12.00 noon to 1.30 P.M and also from 5.30 P.M. to 9.00 P.M. Ex.D-1 contains entries to the affect that on 05.11.1996, 15.11.1996 and 01.12.1996 P.W-1 attended the hostel on both the sessions of those days. It is contended that for covering the distance of 150 kilometres from G.Konduru to Machilipatnam and back, one requires not less than six hours for travel in a private vehicle and that when P.W-1 attended the hostel on 05.11.1996 and 15.11.1996 both during morning session and evening session, there was no possibility for P.W-1 to go to Machilipatnam, meet the accused either at house or at office and then return to G.Konduru to attend his duties in the evening session. Ex.D-4 is tour programme submitted by the accused to the District Collector for the month of November, 1996. It shows that on 05.11.1996 the accused attended office work and proceeded to Ghantasala village to participate in 'Sramadanam' work and made night halt at Ghantasala. The accused was nodal officer for Ghantasala Mandal during the said period. Ex.D-4 further reads that on 15.11.1996 the accused left Machilipatnam at 7.00 A.M and went to Pedana village and returned to the office by 3.50 P.M after making inspections of B.C. Girls Hostel at Bandar, B.C. Girls hostel, Pedana, B.C. Boys hostel, Pedana. Pedana is almost in the outskirts of Machilipatnam town itself. From Ex.D-4 it is contended by the senior counsel for the appellant that there was no possibility for P.W-1 to meet the accused either on 05.11.1996 or 15.11.1996 if Ex.D-1 attendance register of P.W-1 is read along with Ex.D-4 tour programme of the accused. In my opinion, Ex.D-1 cuts at bottom of P.W-1' s evidence. 18) As per evidence of P.W-8, there is statutory attendance register as well as