IN THE HIGH COURT OF JUDICATURE AT MADRAS DATED : 30.03.2011 CORAM : THE HONOURABLE Mrs.JUSTICE R.BANUMATHI and THE HONOURABLE Mr.JUSTICE V.PERIYA KARUPPIAH O.S.A.NOS.135 AND 136 of 2006 and C.M.P.Nos.6048 and 6049 of 2006 M/s.Conveyors India Fabricators P.Ltd., rep.by its Director Ms.Reethamma Joseph Plot No.66, Second Main Road Ambattur, Industrial Estate Chennai – 600 058. ... Appellant in O.S.A.No. 135 of 2006.(Defendant) M/s.Virgo Industries (Engineers) P.Ltd., rep.by its Managing Director Mr.Mathew Kuncheria 180, Poonamallee High Road Chennai – 600 084. ... Appellant in O.S.A.No. 136 of 2006.(Defendant) Vs. Venturetech Solutions Pvt.Ltd., rep.by its Director Mr.N.Mal Reddy No.4, Josier Street Nungambakkam, Chennai – 600 034. .... Respondent in both O.S.As.(Plaintiff) Prayer: Original Side Appeal filed under Order XXXVI Rule 9 of OS Rules of r/w under Clause 15 of Letter Patent in O.S.A.No.135 of 2006 is filed against the order dated 8.2.2006 made in Application No.222 of 2006 in C.S.No.831 of 2005 on the file of this Court. Original Side Appeal filed under Order 36 Rule 9 of OS Rules of r/w under Clause of 15 of Letters Patent in O.S.A.No.136 of 2006 is filed against the order dated 8.2.2006 made in Application No.242 of 2006 in C.S.No.833 of 2005 on the file of this Court. For Appellant in : Mr.Sriram Panchu, both O.S.As Sr.Counsel for Mr.V.Achuthan For Respondent : Mr.T.K.Seshadri,Sr.Counsel in both O.S.As for Mr.T.K.Bhaskar https://hcservices.ecourts.gov.in/hcservices/ COMMON JUDGMENT R.BANUMATHI,J Challenge in these appeals are the Orders of learned single Judge dated 8.2.2006 in Application No.222 of 2006 in C.S.No.831 of 2005 and Application No.242 of 2006 in C.S.No.833 of 2005 on the file of this Court dismissing the applications filed under Order 7 Rule 11(d) C.P.C. read with Order 14 Rule 8 of Original Side Rules. O.S.A.No.135 of 2006 was filed by M/s.Conveyors India Fabricators Private Limited, who is the defendant in C.S.No.831 of 2005. O.S.A.No.136 of 2006 has been preferred by – Virgo Industries (Engineers) Private Limited, who is the defendant in C.S.No.833 of 2005. Since the issues arising in both the appeals are one and the same, both appeals were heard together and shall stand disposed by this Common Judgment. 2. The appellant in O.S.A.No.135 of 2006 entered into an agreement with the respondent on 27.7.2005, whereby the appellant agreed to sell the superstructure and land forming plot No.66 (old No.42), Second Main Road, Ambattur Industrial estate. The appellant in O.S.A.No.136 of 2006 entered into an agreement of sale with the respondent on 27.7.2005 for the sale of property -superstructures and land bearing Door No.65 (old No.43), Second Main Road, Ambattur Industrial Estate, Chennai. The details of the appeals and the property agreed to be sold and the sale consideration are as under: O.S.A.No. Plots agreed to be sold Details O.S.A.No.135 of 2006 A.No.222/2006 in C.S.No.831/2005 Superstructure and land in Plot No.66 (Old No.42) measuring an extent of 2,992.5 sq.ft. for Rs.25,00,000/- S.F.No.220(Part) of Mannur village and S.F.No.513(Part); 523(Part); 527(Part); 528(Part) of Mugappair village, Ambattur Taluk, Tiruvallur District. https://hcservices.ecourts.gov.in/hcservices/ O.S.A.No. Plots agreed to be sold Details O.S.A.No.136 of 2006 A.No.242/2006 in C.S.No.833/2005 Superstructure and land bearing Door No.65 (Old No.43), measuring an extent of 39,375 sq. ft. for Rs.3,55,00,000/- S.F.No.220 (Part) of Mannur village and S.F.Nos.513(Part); 523(Part); 527(Part); 528(Part) of Mugappair village, Ambattur Taluk, Tiruvallur District. 3. Case of respondent/plaintiff is that immediately, after the agreement, the appellant/defendant sent letter dated 1.8.2005 stating that Central Excise Department was contemplating issuance of a notice restraining alienation of the property by the appellants and also returning the advance cheque. Alleging that the respondent/plaintiff is always ready and willing to perform its part of the contract and that any Government's liability can be cleared by performance of the sale transaction and that appellant/defendant is attempting to frustrate the agreement entered into between the parties and the appellant is trying to alienate the property, the respondent/plaintiff filed C.S.No.831 of 2005 in respect of plot No.65 for permanent injunction seeking the following prayers: "(a) Granting a Permanent injunction restraining the defendant, its men, agents, servants or persons acting on its behalf from in any manner alienating, encumbering or dealing with the plaint schedule property, to any third party other than the plaintiff; (b) Directing the defendant to pay costs of the suit; and (c) Pass such further or other orders as this Hon'ble Court may deem fit and necessary in the circumstances of the case and thus render justice" In C.S.No.831 of 2005, respondent/plaintiff filed Application No.4163 of 2005 and obtained leave to sue. 4. On the same averments, the respondent/plaintiff filed suit – C.S.No.833 of 2005 for permeant injunction against Virgo Industries (Engineers) P.Ltd., seeking the following prayers: "(a) Granting a Permanent injunction restraining the defendant, its men, agents, servants or persons acting on its behalf from in any manner alienating, https://hcservices.ecourts.gov.in/hcservices/ encumbering or dealing with the plaint schedule property, to any third party other than the plaintiff; (b) Directing the defendant to pay costs of the suit; and (c) Pass such further or other orders as this Hon'ble Court may deem fit and necessary in the circumstances of the case and thus render justice" 5. The appellant(s)/defendant(s) filed Application No.222 of 2006 in C.S.No.831 of 2005 and application No.242 of 2006 in C.S.No.833 of 2005 respectively under Order 7 Rule 11 CPC to reject the plaints. The appellants sought for rejection of the plaint on the ground that the suit schedule properties being situated outside the jurisdiction of the Court at Ambattur within the jurisdiction of the District Munsif's Court, Ambattur and within the jurisdiction of District Court, Chengalpet, Original Side of the High Court has no jurisdiction to try the suits. It was further averred that in any event, that the suits as framed seeking only a bare injunction restraining the defendant/s from dealing with or alienating the suit properties is not maintainable and that the respondent/plaintiff's relief is only by way of a suit for declaration and specific performance. 6. Upon consideration of the contention of the appellant (s)/defendant(s) and respondent/plaintiff, the learned single Judge dismissed the Application - A.No.222 of 2006 by the impugned order dated 8.2.2006 on the ground that even though the suit is relating to immovable property situated outside the jurisdiction of the Court, the question whether there was recession recession of the contract and whether contract came to an end are the questions to be decided only in the suit. The order of the learned single Judge reads as under: ".... 5. Admittedly, two agreements were entered on 27.7.2005 between the parties and the contention put forth by the defendant that the properties were under the clutches of income tax authorities by way of attachment and that there was recession of contract, and the same was intimated to the plaintiff, thus, the contract came to an end, all these questions have got to be decided before the court only after having adduced evidence by the parties and not at this stage. 6. In so far as the second contention that the suit is hit by Order II Rule 2 is concerned, it has got to be dismissed. In the instant case, it has been specifically averred that the period for the execution of performance of the contract at the time of the filing of the suit was not over and there was imminent necessity for filing the suit for permanent injunction at that stage. https://hcservices.ecourts.gov.in/hcservices/ 7. Hence, at this juncture, it cannot be stated that there was neither cause of action nor a suit can be filed for injunction. According to the plaintiff it would be suffice to file a suit for injunction and the defendant cannot get shelter under Order II Rule 2 by seeking rejection of the plaint. Hence, the Court is of the opinion that the application for rejection of the plaint deserves to be dismissed. Accordingly, the same is dismissed." The order in Application No.242 of 2006 in C.S.No.833 of 2005 is also on the same lines. 7. The learned Senior Counsel for the appellants Mr.Sriram Panchu has contended that the cause of action arises out of an agreement of sale dated 27.7.2005, which pertains to the immovable property situated at Ambattur outside the Original Side Jurisdiction of the High Court. It was further submitted that once it is held that the suit is for land, the learned single Judge ought to have held that the suit is not maintainable and ought to have rejected the plaint. It was further submitted that the suit for permanent injunction restraining the appellant(s)/defendant(s) from alienating or encumbering or dealing with the property has a substantial bearing upon the land and therefore the suit is primarily in respect of the land situated outside the jurisdiction of the Court and therefore the learned single Judge ought to have rejected the suit as barred by law. 8. In so far as the 'leave to sue' obtained in C.S.No.831 of 2005, the learned Senior Counsel contended that Clause 12 of Letters Patent contains three parts and the 1st part relates to suit for land and when the immovable property is situated outside the jurisdiction of the Court, even if the Court has granted leave, such a leave is non est. The learned Senior Counsel placed reliance upon a judgment of the Supreme Court Adcon Electronics (P) Ltd. v. Daulat,(2001) 7 SCC 698, wherein it was held as under: "9. Thus, it is clear that under clause 12 of the Letters Patent, the High Court in exercise of its ordinary original jurisdiction will have power to receive, try and determine: (1) suits for land or other immovable property if such property is situated within the local limits of original jurisdiction of the High Court; or (2) all other cases (a) if the cause of action has arisen wholly within the local limits of the ordinary original jurisdiction of the High Court; (b) if prior leave of the Court has been obtained and the cause of action has arisen in part within the local limits of the ordinary original jurisdiction of the High Court; or (c) if the defendant dwells or carries on business or personally works for gain within such limits." https://hcservices.ecourts.gov.in/hcservices/ 9. The learned Senior Counsel contended that when cases coming under Category (1),i.e., suit for land, categories 2(a) and 2(b) stand excluded and when other categories are not attracted, the very grant of leave to sue is non est. The contention of the appellant is that grant of leave in C.S.No.831 of 2005 will not be an embargo to consider the question of want of jurisdiction of the Court. 10. The learned Senior Counsel Mr.T.K.Seshadri has contended that in so far as the application under Order 7 Rule 11 C.P.C., the averments in the plaint as a whole have to be seen to find out whether any clauses of Order 7 Rule 11 C.P.C are applicable. Taking us through the plaint, the learned Senior Counsel would contend that the plaintiff has clearly averred that the suit is based on contract and the breach of contract by the appellants/defendant/s. The learned Senior Counsel further submits that the agreements in both the suits having been written in Chennai, cause of action arose at Chennai and therefore the suit filed in Chennai is well maintainable. The learned Senior Counsel would further contend that in paragraph 6 of the plaint, respondent/plaintiff has clearly averred as to why the plaintiff is not claiming the specific performance of the agreement of sale dated 27.7.2005 as the time for exercising the right under the agreement has not arisen and since cause of action for specific performance has not yet arisen and in view of the conduct of the appellant(s)/defendant(s), plaintiff was constrained to file the suit for permanent injunction mainly to preclude the appellant(s)/ defendant(s) from in any manner committing further breach of contract and therefore the suit based on contract is well maintainable. 11. In so far as C.S.No.831 of 2005, the learned Senior Counsel would contend that the suit was filed only after obtaining leave from the Court. The learned Senior Counsel Mr.T.K.Seshadri has contended that the suit for bare injunction is a preventive relief on the allegation that the appellant(s)/defendant(s) committed a breach and therefore it cannot be said to be a suit for land and therefore even though property is situated outside the jurisdiction of Madras High Court, the High Court has got jurisdiction to entertain the suit. The learned Senior Counsel Mr.T.K.Seshadri in support of his contention that while considering the Application under Order 7 Rule 11 C.P.C., the Court has to consider the plaint averments on the whole, placed reliance upon decisions of MAYAR (H.K.) LTD. V. OWNERS & PARTIES, VESSEL M.V. FORTUNE EXPRESS,(2006) 3 SCC 100 = AIR 2006 SC 1828; POPAT AND KOTECHA PROPERTY VS. STATE BANK OF INDIA STAFF ASSOCIATION, (2005) 7 SCC 510; C.NATARAJAN VS. ASHIM BAI AND ANOTHER, (AIR 2008 SC 363) and KAMALA AND OTHERS VS. K.T.ESHWARA AND OTHERS, (AIR 2008 SC 3174). 12. In support of his contention that the suit for bare injunction cannot be construed as a suit for land, the learned https://hcservices.ecourts.gov.in/hcservices/ Senior Counsel Mr.T.K.Seshadri placed reliance upon decisions of DHANALAKSHMI VS. EKANTHAN ((1997) 3 LW 391); P.M.A.VELLIAPPA CHETTIAR AND OTHERS VS. SAHA GOVINDA DOSS AND OTHERS, (AIR 1929 MADRAS 721 (FB); and TRIDANDEESWAMI BHAKTI KUSUM SRAMAN MAHARAJ VS. MAYAPORE SREE CHAITANYA MATH AND OTHERS, (AIR 1983 CALCUTTA 420). 13. Refuting the above contentions, the learned Senior Counsel Mr.Sriram Panchu has submitted that the expression "suit for land" is not confined to a suit for recovery of possession of land, but would also cover the suits, where the relief sought for has some control over the immovable property. The learned Senior Counsel would further submit that the suit for land, which is situated outside the jurisdiction of the High Court, cannot be sought to be brought by astute drafting of the plaint. Contending that if clever drafting has created illusion of the cause of action the suit has to be rejected at the threshold, learned Senior Counsel placed reliance upon a decision of Supreme Court in T.ARIVANDANDAM VS. T.V.SATYAPAL AND ANOTHER, (1977) 4 SCC 467). 14. Contending that the suit for permanent injunction restraining the defendants from in any manner alienating the suit property is a suit for land, the learned Senior Counsel Mr.Sriram Panchu placed reliance upon a judgment of First Bench of this Court in the case of THAMIRAPARANI INVESTMENTS PVT.LTD. VS. META FILMS PVT.LTD., (2006(1) CTC 270), wherein the Court has held as under "8. In M/s.Moolji Jaitha and Company v. The Khandesh Spinning and Weaving Mills Company Ltd., AIR 1950 Federal Court 83, the Court noted that the first prayer in the plaint was that it may be declared that the lands belonged to and are the properties of the plaintiff company and the defendants have no beneficial interest therein. In the said judgement, the Court held that in order to consider whether a suit is covered by the expression 'suit for land' in Clause 12 of the Letters Patent, one has to consider whether it is for the purpose of obtaining a decree for possession, or a decision in title to land, or is something different, but involves the consideration of the question of title to the land indirectly. The expression "suit for land" covers three classes of suits (i) suits for determination of title to land; (ii) suits for possession of land; and (iii) other suits in which the reliefs claimed if granted would directly affect title to, or possession of, the land. The words 'suits for land or other immovable property' in Clause 12, besides obviously covering claims for recovery of possession or control of land, or Appellant to connote also suits, which are primarily and substantially seeking an adjudication upon title to immovable property or a determination of any right or interest therein. The words "suit and land" means establishing title to land https://hcservices.ecourts.gov.in/hcservices/ or any interest in the same, or for possession or control thereof, and the decree sought for must be intended proprio vigore to be enforceable against and binding on the land itself. In the said judgment, it is also stated that the nature of the suit and its purpose have to be determined by reading the plaint as a whole. The inclusion or absence of a prayer is not decisive of the nature of thesu8it, nor is the order in which the prayers are arrayed in the plaint. The substance or object of the suit has to be gathered from the averments made in the plaint on which the reliefs sought for in the prayers are based. In the case on hand, undoubtedly, looking to the averments made in the plaint as a whole, and the relevant relief sought for, the suit is clearly, substantially,and mainly for land. 9. A reference may also be made to the decision of the Supreme Court in Adcon Electronics Pvt.Ltd. v. Daulate and another, 2001(4) CTC 39. In that case, the Supreme Court considered a suit for specific performance and an application for leave filed under Clause 12 of the Letters Patent before the High Court of Judicature at Bombay. The said Clause is in pari materia to Clause 12 of the Letters Patent of the High Court of Judicature at Madras. While considering the said Clause, the Supreme Court held that if a suit is for determination of title to land, or suit for possession of land, or other suits in which the reliefs claimed, if granted, would directly affect the title of possession of land, the suit could be filed only in the Court in which jurisdiction the land is situate. 10. In Southern Petrochemcial Industries Corporation Ltd. v. Durga Iron Works and 3 others, 1955 (2) CTC 602, a Division Bench of this Court has held that a suit involving determination of title and interest of land for recovery of possession and control of land would be a "Suit for land". 11. The plaintiff has filed the present suit alleging that the defendant has encroached upon the land which has allegedly been sold by the defendant's sister concern Citrex Products Ltd. to the plaintiff. In fact, in paragraph 18 of the plaint, the plaintiff has stated as follows: "Since the defendant is attempting to encroach upon the "A" Schedule property and action with the police has not brought about the desired result in view of the stand taken by the defendant, the plaintiff is left with no other alternative but to seek necessary relief from the Court." 12. Further, a reading of paragraph 20 of the https://hcservices.ecourts.gov.in/hcservices/ plaint clearly shows that the allegations of the plaintiff is that since the defendant is encroaching upon the suit "A" schedule property which is beyond the territorial jurisdiction of this Court, the plaintiff has sought for a decree for permanent injunction. It is not disputed that the registered office of the defendant is at No.157/1, G.N.T.Road, Chinnambedu Post, Kavarapet- 601 206, Tiruvallur District, which is situated outside the jurisdiction of this Court and the defendant has no office within the jurisdiction of this Court. The present suit being one for bare injunction, it is a suit for land. In other words, it is a suit for the purpose of acquiring possession of or safeguarding possession of or establishing title to or a right in land viz., the suit schedule property. It is well settled that the expression 'suit for land' should not be confined and limited to suits for recovery of possession of land or to obtain a declaration of title to land only. The present suit being one for control of land lying outside the jurisdiction of this Court, this Court has no jurisdiction to entertain the suit and consequently, the learned single Judge has rightly revoked the leave....." 15. The learned Senior Counsel Mr.T.K.Sehadri tried to make factual distinction of Thamiraparani Investments case (2006(1) CTC 270) contending that in the said case the plaintiff had also prayed for permanent injunction restraining the defendant from disturbing the possession of plaintiff, whereas in the case on hand the respondent/plaintiff has prayed only for bare injunction restraining the appellant(s)/defendant(s) from encumbering or alienating the property and therefore suits C.S.No.831 and 833 of 2005 cannot be said to be suits for land. 16. We have carefully considered the rival submissions and also the order of the learned single Judge. 17. The impugned order of the learned single Judge dated 8.2.2006 and the judgment of the First Bench in Thamiraparani Investments case (2006(1) CTC 270) came to be passed on 21.12.2005. Even though the decision of the First Bench was prior in point of time, we find that the decision of the First Bench was not placed before the learned single Judge. Even though the respondent/plaintiff has filed the suit for permanent injunction restraining the appellant(s)/defendant(s) from alienating or encumbering the suit property, respondent/plaintiff has also prayed for injunction restraining the appellant(s)/defendant(s) from "dealing with the property". Prayer sought for in the plaint "dealing with the property" has to be interpreted and the prayer in the plaint has to be reconsidered in the light of the judgment of the First Bench in Thamiraparani Investments case (2006(1) CTC 270). In our opinion, it would be appropriate to remit the matter https://hcservices.ecourts.gov.in/hcservices/ back to the learned single Judge to re-consider the matter in the light of the judgment of the First Bench of this Court in Thamiraparani Investments case 2006(1) CTC 270. 18. Order 7 Rule 11 C.P.C., enumerates the circumstances under which a Civil suit can be dismissed without trial. Dismissal as a consequence of rejection of plaint under Order 7 Rule 11 of the Code in the following grounds: (i) where it does not disclose a cause of action; (ii) where the relief in the plaint is undervalued and the plaintiff fails to correct the valuation within the time fixed; (iii) where the court fee paid is insufficient and the plaintiff fails to make good the deficit within the time fixed by court; (iv) where the suit appears from the statement in the plaint to be barred by law; (v) where it is not filed in duplicate and where the plaintiff fails to comply with the provisions of Order 7 Rule 9 of the Code. 19. As pointed out earlier, in Application No.4163 of 2005 in C.S.No.831 of 2005, leave to sue was obtained. When Court has granted leave to sue, even though the appellants/defendants contends that such leave granted by the Court is non est, in our opinion, it would have been in order, if an application to revoke leave has been filed. Since we remit the matter back to the learned single Judge, liberty is granted to the appellant/defendant in C.S.No.831 of 2005 to file application to revoke the leave. 20. Two subsequent happenings are relevant to be noted. Subsequent to the order passed by the learned single judge, the respondent/plaintiff filed suits – O.S.Nos.202 and 203 of 2007 for specific performance on the file of the Principal District Court, Tiruvallur. The appellants/defendants filed petitions in I.A.Nos.569 of 2007 in O.SNo.202 of 2007 and I.A.No.572 of 2007 in O.S.No.203 of 2007 for interim injunction restraining the defendants from in any manner alienating, encumbering or otherwise deal with the property. Invoking the supervisory jurisdiction of the High Court under Article 227 of the Constitution of India, Appellant(s)/defendant(s) have filed revisions in C.R.P.Nos.3758 and 3759 of 2007 to strike off the plaints in O.S.Nos.202 and 203 of 2007. Both the revisions came to be dismissed by the Common Order dated 6.10.2008, against which the appellant(s)/defendant(s) are stated to have preferred S.L.P.Nos.1088 and 1184 of 2010 before the Supreme Court and the same are said to be pending. 21. Yet another development is that consequent to the enhancement of pecuniary jurisdiction of the City Cviil Court, https://hcservices.ecourts.gov.in/hcservices/ C.S.Nos.831 of 2005 and 833 of 2005 have been transferred to the City Civil Court and re-numbered as O.S.Nos.10189 and 10745 of 2010 respectively. Since earlier the matter has been dealt with by learned Judge of