IN THE HIGH COURT OF JUDICATURE, ANDHRA PRADESH AT HYDERABAD TUESDAY, THE TWENTY THIRD DAY OF AUGUST TWO THOUSAND AND ELEVEN PRESENT THE HON'BLE SRI JUSTICE K.C.BHANU SECOND APPEAL NO.965 OF 2011 Between : Patcha Visweswara Rao and another ... APPELLANTS A N D Bathula Godavari and others. …RESPONDENTS THE HON'BLE SRI JUSTICE K.C. BHANU SECOND APPEAL NO.965 OF 2009 JUDGMENT: This Second Appeal, under Section 100 of the Code of Civil Procedure, 1908 (for short, ‘CPC’), is directed against the judgment and decree, dated 29.04.2011, passed in A.S.No.21 of 2007 on the file of the Senior Civil Judge, Tadepalligudem, whereunder and whereby, the judgment and decree, dated 23.04.2007, passed in Original Suit No.549 of 2001 on the file of the Principal Junior Civil Judge, Tedepalligudem, were confirmed. 2. The appellants herein are defendant Nos.1 and 2 and the respondent Nos.1 and 2 herein are the plaintiffs, in the trial Court. 3. For better appreciation of facts, the parties are hereinafter referred to, as they are arrayed before the trial Court. 4. The plaintiffs filed the suit stating as follows: The first plaintiff is the absolute owner of the schedule vacant site. The first defendant took the schedule vacant site on lease from the first plaintiff agreeing to pay monthly rent at Rs.500/- for the first year; Rs.600/- for the second year and Rs.700/- for the third year, for a period of three years commencing from 13.03.1998. The said lease deed is, however, neither properly stamped nor registered. The first plaintiff leased out only a vacant site. Any structure raised by the first defendant has to be removed at the time of vacation by 10.03.2001. After 10.03.2001 the possession of the first defendant is wrongful and he is liable to pay damages for use and occupation. The lease deed also provided that if the first plaintiff wanted to have super structure or any other structure made by the first defendant in the schedule site, the first plaintiff has an option to purchase, or otherwise, the first defendant has to remove the constructions made by him. The first plaintiff does not want any super structure to be retained and the first defendant has to remove all structures in the schedule site. The first plaintiff has been requesting the first defendant to vacate the property. But, first defendant began postponing the same on some pretext or the other. The first defendant has committed willful default of payment of rent of Rs.600/-per month for the second year and Rs.700/- per month for the third year, as agreed to. He paid only Rs.500/- and committed willful default of payment of rent of even Rs.500/- since June, 2000. The first defendant is liable to pay Rs.12,100/- along with interest @12% per annum. The first defendant filed O.S.No.57 of 2001 against the first plaintiff for perpetual injunction. The first defendant produced some receipts and filed into court in O.S.No.57 of 2001. The lease term expired by 11.03.2001 and the first defendant is liable to vacate the same without any notice to quit since the lease is determined by efflux of time and under Section 111 of Transfer of Property Act, 1882 (for short, ‘T.P. Act’) no notice to quit under Section 106 is necessary. In spite of repeated demands, first defendant has not vacated the schedule property. Subsequent to the filing of the suit O.S.No.57 of 2001 against the first plaintiff and the filing of the written statement in that suit, the first plaintiff came to know that without the consent of the first plaintiff, first defendant sub leased the schedule property to defendants 2 and 3. Defendant Nos.2 and 3 are running a Killi shop and a small hotel in the schedule site. The first defendant has no right to sublease the property. Hence defendants 2 and 3 are also necessary and proper parties to the suit and they are also liable to be evicted from the schedule site. The sublease is hit by doctine of lis pendens. The first defendant set up a kirana business in his own premises. The first defendant is getting a rent of Rs.1200/- per month from D2 and D3. During the pendency of the suit the first plaintiff offered to sell the schedule property to the second plaintiff and the bargain was settled at Rs.1,50,400/-. The first plaintiff informed the fact of the pendency of the suit and the first plaintiff offered to register the sale deed on receipt of consideration since the suit was pending by then. The first plaintiff undertook to evict the defendants at his costs and deliver possession after obtaining a decree in the above suit. The first plaintiff is entitled to determination of future mesne profits from the date of suit till delivery of possession. If the schedule site is leased out to any third parties, it would fetch a monthly rent of Rs.1500/-. The defendants are liable to pay future mesne profits @ Rs.1500/- per month. The plaintiffs claimed damages @ Rs.1000/- per month from the date of the expiry of the lease upto 12.10.2001. Hence prayed to evict the defendants from the schedule property and put the plaintiffs in vacant possession of the schedule site after removing all the structures and other constructions made in the schedule site by the first defendant and for a sum of Rs.12,100/- with subsequent interest @12% from the date of suit till realization towards arrears of rent; damages for use and occupation; for determination of future mesne profits, and for costs. 5. Defendant Nos.2 and 3 remained ex parte. Defendant No.1 filed written statement denying the averments in the plaint and stated as follows: This defendant is a lessee in the suit premises from 13.03.1998 to 11.03.2001 i.e., for a period of three years with an option to extend the lease for three more years, on a monthly rental of Rs.500/-and the rent has to be increased at the rate of Rs.100/- per year during the period of the lease i.e., upto February, 2001, and at Rs.700/- only thereafter. This defendant is entitled to continue in the premises till 11.03.2004. He is not liable to be evicted there-from before that date. This defendant is not liable to pay any damages for use and occupation from 11.03.2001 or from any other date. This defendant and other defendants constructed a shed with AC roof and is carrying on coffee hotel business and a killi shop therein. Rs.3000/- was paid as advance on the date of the lease i.e., on 13.03.1998 by this defendant to the plaintiff repayable when this defendant vacates the suit premises. This defendant paid rent to the first plaintiff upto the end of February, 2001 as agreed and the payments made were entered in a book maintained by this defendant which was filed in O.S.No.57 of 2001. This defendant filed O.S.No.57 of 2001 for permanent injunction when the first plaintiff and his then proposed transferee, Kadiam Ganesh, threatened to evict the defendants by force. This defendant use to send the rents for the months of March, 2001 to June, 2001 to the first plaintiff through demand drafts every month. The plaintiff refused to receive the same and the demand drafts were returned. This defendant paid rent at Rs.600/- per month from 01.03.1999 to February, 2000 and at Rs.700/- from 01.03.2000 to February, 2001. This defendant is always willing and ready to pay the rents from March, 2001 also at the rate of Rs.700/- per month. Therefore, the default from March, 2001 is not willful. This defendant is not in arrears of rent from June, 2000. The suit is not maintainable without the notice to quit under Section 106 of the Transfer of Property Act, 1882 (for short, ‘T.P.Act’). This defendant did not sublease the suit premises to defendant Nos.2 and 3. Those two defendants are only partners with this defendant in the business being carried on in the suit premises. In fact there is no condition under the lease prohibiting subleasing of the suit premises to anybody. The business is a joint business of the defendants 1 to 3. It cannot be termed as sub-lease. They jointly constructed the shed at a costs of about Rs.75,000/-. So, alleged sub lease cannot be a ground for evicting the defendants. The first plaintiff is not entitled for any damages for use and occupation. He can claim only arrears of rent at agreed rate till the defendants vacate from the suit premises. Defendants are not liable to vacate the suit premises or pay any damages, future or past, for the suit premises for use and occupation. In any event this defendant may be a tenant holding over and liable to pay rent at the agreed rate till he vacates the suit premises. Hence, prayed to dismiss the suit with costs. 6. On the basis of above pleadings, the following issues have been settled by the trial court for trial: “1. Whether the plaintiff is entitled for eviction and possession as prayed for? 2. Whether the plaintiff is entitled for arrears of rent and damages as prayed for? 3. If so to what relief?" 7. During trial, on behalf of the plaintiffs, P.Ws.1 to 3 were examined and Exs.A.1 to A.3 were got marked, and on behalf of the defendants, D.Ws.1 and 2 were examined and Ex.B.1 was got marked. 8. The trial Court after considering the evidence on record vide its common judgment, dated 23.04.2007, decreed O.S.No.549 of 2001 filed by the respondent Nos.1 and 2 /plaintiffs as prayed for while dismissing O.S.No.57 of 2001 filed by the appellants/ defendant Nos.1 and 2 for permanent injunction. Aggrieved by the decree and judgment in O.S.No.549 of 2001, the appellants herein filed A.S.No.21 of 2007 and the same was dismissed vide impugned judgment, dated 29.04.2011. Challenging the same, the present Second appeal is filed. 9. Learned counsel for the appellants raised the following substantial questions of law: “(i) Whether the lease deed filed by the plaintiffs being insufficiently stamped and unregistered is a void document and the lease in question is deemed to be a lease from month to month terminable by 15 days notice as per the mandatory requirement of Section 106 of the T.P. Act? (ii) Whether the lease deed which is insufficiently stamped cannot be looked into even for a collateral purpose of ascertaining the lease period? (iii) Whether the judgment rendered in the 1st defendant’s suit operates as resjudicata when the matter in issue in the suit of the plaintiffs is not directly and substantially in issue in the suit of the 1st defendant and a common judgment rendered in two suits simultaneously cannot be a decision in the former suit? (iv) Even otherwise whether the principle of resjudicata does not apply to the present suit when the suit itself is not maintainable at all for want of quit notice contemplated Section 106 of the T.P. Act? (v) Whether the judgment of the lower appellate Court is vitiated by non consideration of the written arguments filed by the appellants?” 10. Learned counsel for the appellants contended that admittedly the alleged insufficient and unregistered lease deed is not marked. There cannot be any dispute that if the document is not marked it cannot be looked into. The contention that unregistered and unstamped document cannot be looked into even for collateral purpose as required under Section 49 of the Indian Registration Act, 1908 (for short, ‘the Registration Act), is not applicable to the present facts, because when the document itself is not marked, placing reliance on that document does not arise; and therefore, the substantial questions of law Nos.1 and 2 have no application to the present facts of the case. 11. Coming to the substantial questions of law Nos.3 and 4 the appellate Court has come to the conclusion that the findings of the trial Court in O.S.No.57 of 2001 would operate as res judicata but that appear to be incorrect finding because O.S.No.57 of 2001 was filed by the appellants herein for injunction not to evict them except under due process of law. Whereas O.S.No.549 of 2001 was filed by the respondent Nos.1 and 2 herein for evicting the appellants and so, the findings in O.S.No.57 of 2001 cannot operate as res judicata. With regard to the other ground taken that the judgment of lower appellate Court is vitiated by non consideration of the Written Arguments filed by the appellants, and that no notice under Section 106 of the T.P. Act was issued, the suit itself is not maintainable under law and hence, he prays to admit the appeal. 12. On the other hand, learned counsel for the respondents contended that the appellant admitted the lease for a period from 13.03.1998 to 11.03.2001, and so, after expiry of the lease period only the suit is filed; that because there is an agreement or contract between the parties that the lease is for a period of three years, the question of issuing a notice under Section 106 of the T.P. Act does not arise and hence, he prays to dismiss the appeal. 13. No issue has been framed by the trial Court that the suit is not maintainable for want of quit notice as required under Section 106 of T.P.Act. Now the appellants cannot turn around and say at this stage that the suit is not maintainable. 14. Section 106 of the T.P. Act reads as follows: “Duration of certain leases in absence of written contract or local usage.- In the absence of a contract or local law or usage to the contrary, a lease of immoveable property for agricultural or manufacturing purposes shall be deemed to be a lease from year to year, terminable, on the part of either lessor or lessee, by six months' notice expiring with the end of a year of the tenancy; and a lease of immoveable property for any other purpose shall be deemed to be a lease from month to month, terminable, on the part of either lessor or lessee, by fifteen days' notice expiring with the end of a month of the tenancy. Every notice under this section must be in writing, signed by or on behalf of the person giving it, and 1[ either be sent by post to the party who is intended to be bound by it or be tendered or delivered personally to such party], or to one of his family or servants at his residence, or (if such tender or delivery is not practicable) affixed to a conspicuous part of the property.” Even assuming for a moment, that an issue whether the case falls under Section 106 of the T.P. Act is raised, but on a plain reading of this Section it is clear that legislature has classified leases in two categories according to their purposes and this Section would be attracted to construe the duration of a valid lease in the absence of a contract or local usage to the contrary. Where the parties by a contract have indicated the duration of a lease, this Section would not apply. In other words, this Section does not apply to the case of a lease for a fixed term when the term expires. On the expiry of the period, the tenant is only a tenant at sufferance and is not entitled to notice to quit. The first appellant himself admitted that the lease is for a period of three years. In O.S.No.57 of 2001 filed by the appellants herein it is stated that: “The defendant handed over the plaint schedule property to the plaintiff on the same day i.e., 13.03.1998. The plaintiff took possession of the plaint schedule property bearing D.No.1-47-102 with Assessment No.11845 for rent from defendant in the month of March, 1998 for a period of three years i.e., 13.03.1998 to 11.03.2001 for an amount of Rs.500/- per month in the 1st year, at Rs.600/- per month in the 2nd year and at Rs.700/- per month in the 3rd year.” 15. The statement by appellants amount to admission which is substantiate evidence, though it is open to the person who made the admission to show that the fact admitted is not correct. Admissions in pleadings or judicial admissions admissible under Section 58 of the Evidence Act, made by the parties at or before the hearing of the case, stand on a higher footing than evidentiary admissions. 16. So, from the clear and categorical admission made by the first appellant in the suit filed by him, it would clearly go to show that there is an agreement or contract between the parties that the lease is for a period of three years because the rent is also stipulated for first year, second year and third year. From the admission made by the first appellant, it can be said that after expiry of the said lease, the first appellant has to vacate the building and handover the vacant possession of the same to the first plaintiff. So when an admission is made by the first appellant himself that the lease is for a period of three years, the same need not be proved. Even assuming for a moment that the lease is for more than eleven months and it is compulsorily registerable but not registered, that by itself is not a ground to dismiss the suit for want of notice under Section 106 of the T.P.Act. Even if the lease is compulsorily registerable as it extends more than eleven months and is not registered, it can be used for collateral purpose under Section 49 of the Registration Act. The lease agreement clearly shows that the period of lease in between the parties is for three years and the payment of lease for the first year is Rs.500/- per month, for the second year Rs.600/- per month and for the third year for Rs.700/- per month. So, the admission made by the first appellant can be taken as substantive evidence. If that is taken into consideration, Section 106 of the T.P.Act has no application. When there is a contract or agreement entered into between the parties for a particular period, after expiry of that period, there is no question of giving any notice to the first appellant as required under Section 106 of the T.P.Act. Therefore, both the Courts below rightly decreed the suit and that order needs no interference by this Court as there is no substantial question of law involved so as to admit the second appeal. 17. Accordingly, the Second Appeal is dismissed at the stage of admission. There shall be no order as to costs. _______________ K.C.BHANU. J AUGUST 23, 2011. YVL