1 APEAL-GJ-52.00 IN THE HIGH COURT OF JUDICATURE AT BOMBAY APPELLATE SIDE  CRIMINAL CRIMINAL APPEAL NO.52 OF 2000 1. Firoz Akbar Ali Pathan, Aged 32 years, residing at Bismillah Bakery, Kurla Agra Road, Kurla, Bombay. 2. Smt. Tashiriffunissa W/o Ahmed Rafiq Sheikh, residing at Jeevan Jyot, Rewasi Sangh, M.G.Nagar, Zopadpatti No.883, Opp: B-12, Dharavi, Mumbai-400 017. .... Appellants - Versus - The State of Maharashtra .... Respondent WITH CRIMINAL APPEAL NO.733 OF 1999 Sayaji Rajaram Yadav, Ghanshyam Patil Chawl, Room No.4, Zakaria Road, Shivaji Chowk, Malad(W), Mumbai-400 064. .... Appellant - Versus - The State of Maharashtra .... Respondent AND 2 APEAL-GJ-52.00 CRIMINAL APPEAL NO.423 OF 2005 Kumud Narsingh Panigrahi, Aged about 37 years, residing at 18/8, Nikolan Chawl, N.R. Darga Road, Naupada Lane, Kurla(W), Mumbai-400 070. .... Appellant - Versus - The State of Maharashtra .... Respondent Shri Nitin Sejpal with Ms Pooja Bhojne for the Appellants in Appeal Nos.52/2000 and 423/2005. S/Shri Nitin Sejpal h/f Shreeram Shirsat for the Appellant in Appeal No.733/1999. Ms R.M. Gadhavi, Additional Public Prosecutor, for the Respondent-State in all Appeals. CORAM: R.C. CHAVAN, J. DATED: NOVEMBER 22, 2011 ORAL JUDGMENT: 1. These three appeals question the convictions of the appellants/original accused Nos.3, 7, 11 and 15 by the learned Additional Sessions Judge, Mumbai in Sessions Case No.3 of 1996 before him for the offences punishable under Sections 452 and 395 in respect of accused Nos.3 and 7, Section 397 in respect of 3 APEAL-GJ-52.00 accused No.7, Section 216-A in respect of accused No.11 and Section 412 in respect of accused No.15, of the Indian Penal Code (for short, IPC ). The learned Judge sentenced the appellants to various terms of imprisonment ranging between 7 to 10 years with fine. He had also convicted accused No.1 Rahul Ankush Sonawane whose Criminal Appeal No.639 of 2000 came to be disposed of by Judgment dated 27-6-2000 whereby the sentence imposed was reduced to rigorous imprisonment for 7 years. 2. The facts, which are material for deciding these appeals, are as under: On 23-9-1994, at about 8:30 p.m., when PWs-Babulal Jain, Ramesh Jain and Prakash Jain were in their shop known as Yamuna Jewellers , some miscreants entered the shop on the pretext of purchasing a ring. They threatened the inmates with the weapons they had and looted jewellery from the shop. Accused No.1 Rahul Ankush Sonawane was caught while the miscreants were going away with the booty. The police were informed and an offence was registered. The police could nab some of the miscreants, including accused No.3 Kumud Panigrahi and accused No.7 Firoz Pathan within about four 4 APEAL-GJ-52.00 days of the incident. They were put up at a test identification parade held in Mulund Police Station by a Special Executive Officer. At this parade, witnesses Babulal, Ramesh and Prakash Jain identified the two miscreants. Accused No.13 Khalil had been arrested and he led the panchas and the police to accused No.14 Nainmal Soni, who is also absconding now. Nainmal Soni led the police party to Sayaji Yadav, accused No.15. Sayaji in turn took the police party to one Jain who led them to another Jain jeweller from whom some gold bars were seized. The purchaser had stated that he had received the gold bars only and not ornaments. Accused No.11 Smt. Tashiriffunissa was stated to have kept a box of stolen articles at the house of one Kaushalya Jaiswal, who was examined as PW-5. Smt. Tashiriffunissa allegedly had gone to the house of PW-5 with her husband, her son Aslam and his friend Gulam, who appears to be accused No.10 and is an absconder, to keep the bag. On completion of the investigation, a charge-sheet was sent against in all 15 persons, of which accused Nos.2, 4, 5, 6, 10, 12, 13 and 14 were absconding and could not be put to trial. 3. The learned trial Judge charged the 5 APEAL-GJ-52.00 remaining accused persons of the offences punishable under Section 452 r/w Section 34 of the IPC, Sections 395, 397, 216-A and 412 of the IPC and Section 37 of the Bombay Police Act. Since the accused pleaded not guilty, they were put on trial at which the prosecution examined in all 13 witnesses in its attempt to bring home the guilt of the accused persons. After considering their evidence in the light of defence of denial, the learned trial Judge acquitted accused Nos.8 and 9 of all the charges. He also acquitted the present appellants of the offence punishable under Section 37 of the Bombay Police Act. He convicted the present appellants and accused No.1, as indicated earlier, and sentenced them to various terms of imprisonment ranging from 7 to 10 years, with fine. Aggrieved thereby, the appellants are before this Court. 4. I have heard Shri Nitin Sejpal for appellants in the respective appeals and the learned APP for the State. With the help of both, I have gone through the entire record. 5. The learned counsel for the appellants submitted that the case of Rahul Ankush Sonawane, whose conviction was maintained and 6 APEAL-GJ-52.00 sentence was reduced by this Court while disposing of Criminal Appeal No.639 of 2000, has to be distinguished from that of the present appellants, since Rahul was nabbed on the spot. He submitted that the evidence against the present appellants is far too scanty to connect them to the crime. PW-1 Babulal Jain, on whose report the offence was registered vide Exhibit-15, PW-2 Ramesh Jain, who is the son of Babulal and PW-3 Prakash Jain, who is Babulal s brother, are the eye- witnesses to the incident. PW-4 Rambhavan Prasad, Security Guard, was also supposed to be an eye-witness to the incident but has not supported the prosecution. PWs-1 to 3 stated that they identified accused Nos.3 and 7 at the test identification parade held by PW-10 Ramakant Kothavale, a panchnama whereof is recorded at Exhibit-29. PW-5 Kaushalya Jaiswal is a hostile witness about the involvement of accused No.11 Smt. Tashirif-funissa, PW-6 Police Constable Pratap Parab had reached the shop immediately after the incident, PW-7 Dr. Balani had examined accused No.1 Rahul, since he had injuries on his person, PW-8 Dr. Umapathy examined PW-1 Babulal Jain who had been injured in the incident, PW-9 Dinesh Jain is a hostile witness about the sale of gold, 7 APEAL-GJ-52.00 the trail whereof passes through accused No.15, PW-11 PSI Jawalkar received the first information and performed the spot panchnama, PW-12 Sunil Salaskar was a panch at the memorandum of statement made by accused No.13 Khalil from whom eventually accused No.15 is supposed to have received the gold which he ultimately sold to one Jain, who sold it to another Jain, from whom it was recovered and PW-13 Senior PI Garje conducted the remaining part of the investigation, but the charge-sheet was sent by another officer. 6. The evidence about complicity of accused Nos.3 and 7 in the actual incident comes from their identification by PWs-1 to 3 at the test identification parade held by PW-10 in the Mulund Police Station. PW-1 Babulal Jain stated in his cross-examination that when he went to the police station for the test identification parade, there were panchas, a Special Executive Officer and 2-3 other persons. Accused No.3 was sitting with the police at that time. The learned counsel, therefore, submitted that since accused No.3 was with the police before the parade began, it could not have been difficult for the witness to identify accused No.3, whether he was 8 APEAL-GJ-52.00 actually involved in the crime or not. The witness did not, however, state that accused No.7 was also with the police when he went for the parade. PW-2 Ramesh Jain stated that on 20-9-1994 he had gone along with PWs-1 and 3 for the parade. Thus, though he did not state having seen accused No.3 in the company of the police, since he was with PW-1 when they went for the parade, obviously he too must have seen accused No.3 in the company of the police. The same holds good about the evidence of PW-3 Prakash Jain. As already observed, Security Guard PW-4 Rambhavan Prasad had turned hostile and has not identified anyone. 7. The learned counsel for the appellants, therefore, submitted that since the witnesses had an opportunity to see the accused persons before the parade in the company of the police, the identification by the witnesses of the accused is absolutely worthless and cannot form the foundation of guilt of the appellants. 8. The learned APP, on the other hand, submitted that there is nothing to show that accused No.7 was seen by the witnesses in the company of the police and therefore, in any case, as far as accused No.7 is concerned, his 9 APEAL-GJ-52.00 identification is unassailable. She also drew my attention to the evidence of PW-10 Ramakant Kothavale, Special Executive Magistrate, and the recitals in panchnama at Exhibit-29, proved by the said witness. She pointed out that this evidence would clearly rule out any possibility of the witnesses having seen the accused before the parade. She also points out that the panchnama and the evidence of PW-10 show that all precautions, as are required to be taken in conducting such parades, were taken by the officer. The learned counsel for the appellant submitted that PW-10 had admitted in his cross- examination that the ratio of suspect to dummies should be 1 to 6, 2 to 10 and so on. The witness admitted that he had put up three suspects with 9 dummies. He also admitted that the suspects were not under-veils when they were brought to the parade room. The learned counsel for the appellant therefore submitted that the entire evidence about identification at the test identification parade is not worthy of being relied on and in any case, since the parade was held in the police station, the evidence has to be discarded. 9. The learned counsel for the appellants drew my attention to a number of Judgments on 10 APEAL-GJ-52.00 the question of holding of identification parades to support his arguments. In Budhsen and another v. State of U.P., reported in AIR 1970 SC 1321, the Supreme Court had considered the evidence of identification with unknown persons at the trial. In para 7 of the Judgment, the Court held as under: Now, facts which establish the identity of an accused person are relevant under Section 9 of the Indian Evidence Act. As a general rule, the substantive evidence of a witness is a statement made in court. The evidence of mere identification of the accused person at the trial for the first time is from its very nature inherently of a weak character. The evidence in order to carry conviction should ordinarily clarify as to how and under what circumstances he came to pick out the particular accused person and the details of the part which the accused played in the crime in question with reasonable particularity. The purpose of a prior test identification, 11 APEAL-GJ-52.00 therefore, seems to be to test and strengthen the trustworthiness of that evidence. It is accordingly considered a safe rule of prudence to generally look for corroboration of the sworn testimony of witnesses in court as to the identity of the accused who are strangers to them, in the form of earlier identification proceeding. There may, however, be exceptions to this general rule, when, for example, the court is impressed by a particular witness, on whose testimony it can safely rely, without such or other corroboration. The identification parades belong to the investigation stage. They are generally held during the course of investigation with the primary object of enabling the witnesses to identify persons concerned in the offence, who were not previously known to them. This serves to satisfy the investigating officers of the bona fides of the prosecution witnesses and also to furnish evidence to corroborate their testimony in court. 12 APEAL-GJ-52.00 Identification proceedings in their legal effect amount simply to this, that certain persons are brought to jail or some other place and make statements either express or implied that certain individuals whom they point out are persons whom they recognise as having been concerned in the crime. They do not constitute substantive evidence. These parades are essentially governed by Section 162, Criminal Procedure Code. It is for this reason that the identification parades in this case seem to have been held under the supervision of a Magistrate. Keeping in view the purpose of identification parades the Magistrates holding them are expected to take all possible precautions to eliminate any suspicion of unfairness and to reduce the chance of testimonial error. They must, therefore, take intelligent interest in the proceedings, bearing in mind two considerations: (i) that the life and liberty of an accused may depend 13 APEAL-GJ-52.00 on their vigilance and caution and (ii) that justice should be done in the identification.Those proceedings should not make it impossible for the identifiers who, after all, have, as a rule, only fleeting glimpses of the person they are supposed to identify. Generally speaking, the Magistrate must make a note of every objection raised by an accused at the time of identification and the steps taken by them to ensure fairness to the accused, so that the court which is to judge the value of the identification evidence may take them into consideration in the appreciation of that evidence. The power to identify, it may be kept in view, varies according to the power of observation and memory of the person identifying and each case depends on its own facts, but there are two factors which seems to be of basic importance in the evaluation of identification. The persons required to identify an accused should have had no opportunity of 14 APEAL-GJ-52.00 seeing him after the commission of the crime and before identification and secondly that no mistakes are made by them or the mistakes made are negligible. The identification to be of value should also be held without much delay. The number of persons mixed up with the accused should be reasonably large and their bearing and general appearance not glaringly dissimilar. The evidence as to identification deserves, therefore, to be subjected to a close and careful scrutiny by the Court. 10. These observations of the Supreme Court have now been translated into guidelines issued by this Court as well. 11. In Hasib v. The State of Bihar, reported in AIR 1972 SC 283, the Supreme Court held that, identification parades have to be held in order to provide corroboration to the identification of accused by witnesses in Courts. These parades have to be held at the earliest possible opportunity. In the case at hand, there is no dispute that the parade was 15 APEAL-GJ-52.00 held at the earliest possible opportunity. The question, however, is whether the identifying witnesses had the opportunity of seeing the persons to be identified before they were actually paraded and it is here that the evidence of PW-1 Babulal Jain cast a shadow of doubt on the identification of the appellants by the three witnesses. 12. In The State of Maharashtra v. Rajesh alias Kaka Madanlal Soni & Ors., reported in 1998 All MR (Cri.) 471, a Division Bench of this Court had specifically frowned upon identification parades being held in police stations. It was observed that when parades are held in police stations, the Courts look with suspicion on such evidence and must be extremely cautious and circumspect before accepting the evidence of identification parades held in police stations. The Court had quoted observations from an earlier Judgment in Ramcharan Bhudiram Gupta v. State of Maharashtra, reported in 1995 Cri.L.J. 4048, where a Division Bench of this Court had exhorted that the practice of holding identification parties at police stations has to be stopped. 16 APEAL-GJ-52.00 13. In Ravindra alias Ravi Bansi Gohar v. State of Maharashtra and others, reported in (1998) 6 SCC 609 also the Supreme Court held that, holding of identification parade in the lock-up of CID Department was not proper, since this would give an opportunity to the witnesses to see the suspects. In that case, even photographs of the suspects were shown to the witnesses before the suspects were paraded and the identifying witnesses were police constables. All the same, the disapproval for holding parades in police stations appears to be universal. The learned APP, in spite of her research, could not come across any Judgment where Courts had upheld convictions based on identification at test identification parade held in police stations. 14. Though the learned APP submitted that the parade was held after taking due precautions and that there was no infirmity in at least the identification of accused No.7, the evidence of PW-3 Prakash Jain would show that he had identified in the Court only accused No.3 and not accused No.7. Therefore, even as regards identification of accused No.7, the prosecution is not on a firm foundation. The witness had stated, even after identifying 17 APEAL-GJ-52.00 accused No.7 in the Court, that only one of the two persons whom he had identified, that is accused No.3, was present in the Court and that the other man was not present. In view of this, it would have been impermissible for the learned trial Judge to conclude on the basis of this evidence that accused Nos.3 and 7 had participated in the heist. 15. This takes me to the question of participation of accused No.11 Smt. Tashiriffunissa. The only evidence about participation of accused No.11 comes from PW-5 Kaushalya Jaiswal. She stated that Aslam was the son of accused No.11 and absconder Gulam was staying with Aslam. In her examination-in- chief she refused to support the prosecution and therefore was cross-examined by the learned APP. She stated that she had told the police that accused No.11, her husband and her son Aslam and his friend Gulam came to her house and gave her a bag for safe-keeping and that the bag was taken away by the police. Again, when cross-examined by the defence, she took a somersault. This evidence could hardly have been sufficient to hold appellant/accused No.11 Smt. Tashiriffunissa guilty of offence punishable under Section 216-A of the IPC, 18 APEAL-GJ-52.00 which requires proof of harbouring Gulam Hussain Malik in accused No.11 s house. Mere statement that Gulam was staying with Aslam, accused No.11 s son, would not be sufficient to show that she knew as to what Gulam was upto and still had harboured him in her house. In any case, the evidence of Kaushalya Jaiswal would show that accused No.11 was staying with her husband and other family members as well. To charge her with harbouring a criminal in such circumstances would amount to attributing to her too much of power over her household. 16. Accused No.15 has been convicted for being receiver of property earned from dacoity, punishable under Section 412 of the IPC. The evidence about complicity of accused No.15 comes from PW-9 Dinesh Jain, who has not supported the prosecution. He states that accused No.15 Sayaji Yadav was known to him and that he used to give work of refining gold and silver to Yadav who was perfect in his work and honest. If a jeweller was giving jewellery to Sayaji Yadav for refining gold, it is not clear as to how he could be attributed with the requisite knowledge about the jewellery allegedly received by him from some other source. PW-12 Sunil Salaskar is panch at the 19 APEAL-GJ-52.00 memorandum of statement made by accused Khalil. Khalil had stated that he had given the property received in the dacoity to a person in Malad. That person claims to have transferred the property to some Soni. Soni stated that the property was transferred by him to Yadav, that is accused No.15. Accused No.15 Sayaji Yadav then led the police to one Jain who stated that the property had been given to another Jain from whom it was recovered. The property were gold bars. Thus, it is not that appellant Sayaji Yadav had received the property from Khalil, who participated in the dacoity. Khalil had given it to one Soni and Soni had given it to Yadav. Now, how this evidence could indicate that the property was received by appellant Sayaji Yadav knowing it to be a product of dacoity? In fact, the panchnama at Exhibit-33 would show that Khalil brought the ornaments to Soni. Soni had the ornaments refined and transformed it into gold bars which he had given to appellant Sayaji Yadav, who is a goldsmith, for further refinement. Sayaji is alleged to have purchased those gold bars and further refined them and paid the price of Rs. 1,64,000/-. In view of the evidence of PW-9 Dinesh Jain, as also the evidence of PW-10 Sunil Salaskar, it should not have been 20 APEAL-GJ-52.00 possible for the learned trial Judge to conclude that accused No.15 Sayaji Yadav was the receiver of the property grabbed in a dacoity. His conviction for the offence punishable under Section 412 of the IPC was thoroughly uncalled for. 17. In view of the above, all the appeals are allowed. The conviction and sentence of accused Nos.3 and 7 for the offences punishable under Sections 452 and 395, of accused No.7 for the offence punishable under Section 397, of accused No.11 for the offence punishable under Section 216-A and of accused No.15 for the offence punishable under Section 412 of the IPC are set aside and they are acquitted of the offences charged. They shall be set at liberty, if not wanted in any other case. The bail bonds of accused Nos.11 and 15 stand cancelled. Fine, if paid, shall be refunded. Sd/- (R.C. CHAVAN, J.)