THE HON’BLE SRI JUSTICE K.C. BHANU APPEAL SUIT No.32 OF 2006 JUDGMENT: This Appeal Suit, under Section 96 of the Code of Civil Procedure, 1908, is directed against the judgment and decree, dated 15.02.2005, in O.S.No.17 of 1998, on the file of the Senior Civil Judge, Asifabad, whereunder and whereby, the suit filed claiming compensation of Rs.4,50,000/- consequent on the death of Jadu Bikku (hereinafter referred to as deceased No.1) and Girju Bai (hereinafter referred to as deceased No.2), who are father and mother respectively of the appellants/plaintiffs, was dismissed. 2. The brief facts that are necessary for disposal of the present appeal may be stated as follows: On 19.07.1998 at about 01:30 PM, the plaintiffs’ father i.e., deceased No.1 went on the top of his house, as there was leakage of water from the top of the house. While deceased No.1 was setting right the tins on the roof, all of a sudden, he came into contact with the supporting wire through which electricity passed and he raised cries and fell down on the roof. On hearing the cries of deceased No.1, deceased No.2, wife of deceased No.1 and the mother of the plaintiffs, came running from the house in order to rescue deceased No.1 and caught hold of her husband’s hands. She also came into contact with electricity, fell down and died on the spot. Deceased No.1 came into contact with electricity through stray wire i.e., supporting wire of service wire to his house and was electrocuted. Deceased No.2 also came into contact with the electricity while rescuing her husband and died on the spot. The plaintiffs were provided with service connection bearing No.1954 to their house. On the same day, plaintiff No.1 reported the matter in the police station at Asifabad and the police registered a case in Crime Nos.47 of 1998 and 48 of 1998, took up investigation, conducted inquest panchanama, sent the dead bodies of the deceased persons to post-mortem examination and thereafter, handed over the dead bodies of the deceased persons to the plaintiffs. The Medical Officer, who conducted post-mortem examination, gave opinion that the death of the deceased persons occurred due to shock and circulatory failure as a result of electrocution. Defendant Nos.1 to 4 are responsible for maintenance of electric wires in proper manner. It is their duty to see that the electricity should not pass through the supporting wire during the supply to main house. The defendants did not maintain electric lines properly. Had defendant Nos.3 and 4 and their staff regularly checked and maintained the electric lines properly, the electricity would not have passed through the supporting wire and both the deceased would not have died due to electric shock. Therefore, defendant Nos.1 and 2 are vicariously liable for the acts of defendant Nos.3 and 4. Deceased No.1 is the employee in Singareni Collories Company Limited, working as Coal Filler in Goleti No.1 mine and he used to get monthly salary of Rs.7,000/-. Deceased No.1 used to get quarterly bonus, profit share bonus and other benefits. He was aged about 42 years at the time of his death. Deceased No.1 is not having any diseases and could have lived happily for about 65 years. The age of superannuation in Singareni Collories Company is 60 years. At this rate, deceased No.1 ought to have earned for another 18 years. He used to contribute an amount of Rs.4,000/- per month to the family. If deceased No.1 was alive, out of his earnings, he could have contributed an amount of Rs.8,64,000/- to the family and the plaintiffs were deprived of the said amount due to his death, which caused due to electric shock because of gross negligence of the defendants. The plaintiffs deprived of the said amount due to death of deceased No.1. Deceased No.2, mother of the plaintiffs, used to work in agricultural fields and used to earn net income of Rs.25/- per day. She is aged about 38 years at the time of her death. Deceased No.2 used to contribute Rs.750/- per month out of her earnings to their family and she could have contributed an amount of Rs.2,43,000/- to the family. The plaintiffs are deprived of the said amount due to the death of their mother. The plaintiffs are entitled for Rs.50,000/- as compensation for consortium. Thus, the plaintiffs are entitled to total compensation of Rs.11,57,000/- from the defendants. 3. Defendant Nos.3 and 4 filed written statement and the averments in the written statement are as follows: The death of deceased Nos.1 and 2 is not denied. Deceased No.1 went on the top of his house, which had zinc sheet roof and while he was adjusting the zinc sheet to stop leakage of rain water, he slipped and fell down on the electric service wire and on hearing his cries, deceased No.2 also went and caught hold of deceased No.1 and both of them died. Electricity supply is given to the house of the deceased persons from the pole which is at a distance of 40 meters from the house of the deceased persons. The line consists of two phase wires one neutral wire at the pole and the service wire to the house of the deceased persons is separated by another wire which run from pole to house. The service wire and another wire which runs from the pole to the house of the deceased persons is declared shock proof. Deceased No.1, who slipped and fell on the service wire, was electrocuted due to his weight which effected on the wire and due to swing by fell of deceased No.1 on the service wire, the G.I. wire came into contact with live wire which resulted in death of deceased No.1 by his own negligence. Deceased No.2, in the anxiety to rescue her husband, caught hold of her husband without taking any precaution and she also got electrocuted and died. If there was any negligence on the part of APSEB officials, the deceased persons would have died immediately when they fell on the elibeal zinc roof on the top of their house and electricity would be passed through zinc sheets. Thus, it is clear that the deceased Nos.1 and 2 did not die due to any negligence of APSEB officials. They died due to their own negligence. On oral information, defendant No.4 went to the house of the deceased persons and checked the service wire and G.I. wire and found no fault with the departmental officials. The defendants were very prompt in discharging their duties and service connection to the house of the deceased persons was in accordance with the standards of APSEB. These lines were properly and regularly checked. The defendants are not aware about the income of the deceased persons and their source of livelihood. Moreover, it was not concerned with these defendants, as the deceased persons did not die due to negligence or improper maintenance of lines of service connection by the APSEB officials. The deceased persons or their family members never complained any fault in service connection. The defendants are not liable to pay any compensation. In the First Information Report given by plaintiff No.1, it was mentioned that his father, deceased No.1, climbed the house to adjust zinc sheet to stop leakage of rain water and he accidentally fell on service wire and was electrocuted and on hearing the cries of his father, his mother, deceased No.2, caught hold of the hands of deceased No.1 and pulled him due to which both of them died. The Sub-Inspector of Police also treated the case of deceased as accidental death. If there was negligence on the part of the staff of APSEB, action would have been taken against them by the police. Moreover, no suit notice was given prior to filing of the suit. There is no cause of action for plaintiffs and the suit deserves to be dismissed. 4. Basing on the above pleadings, the trial Court framed the following issues: “1. Whether the plaintiffs are entitled for compensation amount as prayed for? 2. Whether there is no cause of action? 3. Whether notice is mandatory as per the APSEB Act before filing the suit? 4. To what relief?” 5. During trial, on behalf of the plaintiffs, PWs.1 and 2 were examined and Exs.A1 to A6 were got marked, and on behalf of the defendants, DW.1 was examined and Exs.B1 and B2 were got marked. 6. The trial Court, accepting the contention of the defendants that there was negligence on the part of both the deceased, did not grant any compensation to the plaintiffs and dismissed the suit. Challenging the same, the present appeal is filed by the plaintiffs. 7. Now the point for determination is whether there is any negligence on the part of the respondents/defendants, and whether the respondents/defendants are liable to pay damages for the appellants/plaintiffs. 8. Learned counsel for the appellants/plaintiffs contended that as it was a rainy day, both the deceased persons went to the top of the roof of their house so as to adjust the roof to arrest the leakage of rain water; that while they were doing so, deceased No.1 accidentally fell on the service wire and got electrocuted; that due to the negligence of the respondent - department, the electricity was passing through the G.I. wire; that therefore, it is a clear negligence on the part of the respondent - department and hence, he prays to set aside the impugned judgment and award damages. 9. On the other hand, learned counsel for the respondents/defendants contended that it is deceased No.1 who went to the top of the roof of their house, slipped and fell down on the service wire; that, due to his weight, it was broken and consequently, the live wire and the service wire came into contact with the G.I. wire; that there was clear negligence on the part of deceased No.1 to climb on the roof and fall on the electric wire, and that deceased No.2, without taking any precautions, caught hold of deceased No.1; that the First Information Report and the investigation conducted by the police would go to show that there was negligence on the part of the deceased persons and the trial Court, upon considering the evidence on record in right perspective, dismissed the suit and there are no grounds to interfere with the findings of the trial Court and hence, he prays to dismiss the appeal. 10. The factual matrix is not in dispute. Admittedly, PW.1, who is the son of the deceased persons, is not an eye-witness to the incident. The deceased persons are having a house with zinc sheet roof. It is not in dispute that the deceased persons have taken electric service connection to their house. It is also not in dispute that on the date of incident, it was raining and the deceased persons went on to the top of the roof of their house to arrest leakage of rain water in to the house. While deceased No.1 was attending to adjust the roof, he slipped and fell down on the service wire and has got electrocuted. On hearing the cries of deceased No.1, deceased No.2, who was also present on the top of the roof, caught hold of deceased No.1 and as a result, she was also got electrocuted. Both of them died immediately. PW.1 lodged a report to the police, who conducted investigation. In view of the above factual background, the question is whether the respondent - department is liable to pay compensation for the death of the deceased persons. No negligence can be attributed to the deceased persons because it is not a case of willful neglect on their part. In the facts and circumstances of the case, it is an accidental fall on the G.I. wire in which electricity was passing. It is a mishap or an untoward happening not expected and designed to have an occurrence. 11. The evidence of PW.1 would go to show that the roof of the house is about eight feet from the ground and his parents together climbed on to the top of the roof to arrest the leakage of rain water; that at that time he was also present; that, then his father accidentally fell down on the zinc sheet and thereafter, he fell on the service wire, which spiraled him. He also categorically stated that the service wire, through which the electricity passes, was not broken at any place. Mere coming into contact with service wire by itself would not electrocute anybody, unless there was a breakage or damage to the service wire. From the evidence of PW.1 it is clear that deceased No.1 fell on the service wire and has got electrocuted. In such circumstances, it has to be inferred that the electricity was passing through the supporting wire of service wire. There cannot be any dispute that G.I. wire is a supporting wire to the main wire through which electricity passes. When the electricity passes through the supporting wire, it can be inferred that there was negligence on the part of employers of respondent - department. So, it is for the respondent - department to explain as to how the electricity was passing through the G.I. wire. No explanation is forthcoming in this regard by the respondent – department. It is their negligence because under no circumstance electricity would pass through the G.I. wire. If the electricity passes through the G.I. wire then it can be said that there was negligence on the part of the respondent - department. 12. Now coming to the evidence of DW.1, who was the Assistant Engineer in respondent - department, it is clear that he came to know about the death of the deceased persons due to electrocution; that he inspected the spot; that as deceased No.1 fell on the service wire, as a result, the supported wire touched the live wire and therefore, both the deceased persons were got electrocuted. Admittedly, he was not an eye-witness to the incident and from whom he came to know about the incident has not been testified. Therefore, the entire evidence of DW.1 is hear-say. It is not admissible under law. In the cross-examination, he admitted that G.I. wire runs from the electric pole along with service wire. He also admitted that they would be having knowledge if there is any defect in the service wire. So, from the evidence of DW.1, it can be inferred that there must be some defect in the service wire, and that is the reason why the electricity was passing through the G.I. wire. He has not given any explanation as to why the electricity was passing through the G.I. wire. 13. Learned counsel for the appellants placed strong reliance on a decision of the Honourable Supreme Court in M.P. Electricity Board v. Shail Kumari and others[1], wherein it is held thus: “Even assuming that all such measures have been adopted, a person undertaking an activity involving hazardous or risky exposure to human life, is liable under law of torts to compensate for the injury suffered by any other person, irrespective of any negligence or carelessness on the part of the managers of such undertakings. The basis of such liability is the foreseeable risk inherent in the very nature of such activity. The liability cast on such person is known, in law, as “strict liability”. It differs from the liability which arises on account of the negligence or fault in this way i.e., the concept of negligence comprehends that the foreseeable harm could be avoided by taking reasonable precautions. If the defendant did all that which could be done for avoiding the harm he cannot be held liable when the action is based on any negligence attributed. But such consideration is not relevant in cases of strict liability where the defendant is held liable irrespective of whether he could have avoided the particular harm by taking precautions.” So, passing of electricity through the G.I. wire is risky or dangerous to the human life. Therefore, Electricity Department is liable to pay the damages. 14. The trial Court has been much influenced or swayed by the recitals in the First Information Report as well as column Nos.3 and 15 of Ex.A2 – inquest report. There cannot be any dispute that the purpose of holding inquest is to ascertain the apparent cause of death of deceased as required under Section 174 of the Code of Criminal Procedure, 1973 (for short, “Cr.P.C.”). The objective findings in the inquest report are only admissible. The information received from the witnesses is inadmissible. The objective findings of the inquest mediators are that the deceased persons died due to electrocution. That aspect of the case is not in dispute. Basing on the inadmissible evidence like recitals in First Information Report and inquest report, the trial Court came to a wrong conclusion. Furthermore, the recitals in Ex.A1, which is the First Information Report, are not substantive evidence so as to rely upon. The First Information Report lodged under Section 174 Cr.P.C. cannot be used for any purpose except for the purpose of contradicting the witness in the manner as provided under Section 145 of the Indian Evidence Act, 1872, (for short, “the Act”) or for corroborating the witnesses in the manner as provided under Section 157 of the Act. Therefore, the recitals in the First Information Report, as such, cannot be treated as evidence. The trial Court came to a wrong conclusion placing reliance on the recitals in Exs.A1 and A2, which are the First Information Report and Inquest Report respectively. 15. Coming to the estimation of damages, deceased No.1 was working as a Coal Filler in Singareni Collories Company Limited and earning gross salary of Rs.7,184.14 ps. per month. After deductions, he would be getting net salary of Rs.6,000/- per month. PW.2, who is the co-employee of deceased No.1, has also spoken about the same that deceased No.1 was getting an income of Rs.8,000/- per month. But for the purpose of estimation of compensation, half of net salary can be taken as contribution to the family. He was aged about 42 years. Still he has got 18 years of service. Hence, appellants/plaintiffs are entitled for Rs.3,000/- X 12 X 18 = 5,40,000/- towards compensation for the death of deceased No.1. The contribution of deceased No.2 for the purpose of maintenance of the family is Rs.500/- per month and she would have rendered her services for about 20 years. Hence, the appellants/plaintiffs are entitled for Rs.1,00,000/- towards compensation for the death of deceased No.2. So, the appellants/plaintiffs are entitled for total compensation of Rs.6,40,000/-. But, the appellants/plaintiffs are claiming Rs.4,50,000/- towards compensation. Hence, the suit is decreed for Rs.4,50,000/- with simple interest at 6% per annum from the date of petition till the date of payment. 16. The Appeal Suit is allowed. There shall be no order as to costs. _______________ K.C. BHANU, J February 14, 2011 MD IN THE HIGH COURT OF JUDICATURE, ANDHRA PRADESH AT HYDERABAD MONDAY, THE FOURTEENTH DAY OF FEBRUARY TWO THOUSAND AND ELEVEN PRESENT THE HON'BLE SRI JUSTICE K.C. BHANU APPEAL SUIT No.32 OF 2006 Between: Jadi Gunvanthu Rao and others .....APPELLANTS AND Andhra Pradesh State Electricity Board and others ....RESPONDENTS The Court made the following: THE HON’BLE SRI JUSTICE K.C. BHANU APPEAL SUIT No.32 OF 2006 February 14, 2011 [1] (2002) 2 SCC 162