Cri. Appeal No. 11/2010 1 IN THE HIGH COURT OF JUDICATURE AT BOMBAY APPELLATE SIDE, BENCH AT AURANGABAD CRIMINAL APPEAL NO. 11 OF 2010 Vithal s/o. Gangaram Gamod, Age 55 yrs., Occu. Agril., R/o. Therban, Tq. Bhokar, Dist. Nanded. ....Appellant. Versus The State of Maharashtra ....Respondent. Mr. H.I. Pathan, Advocate for appellant. Mr. D.V. Tele, APP for respondent/State. CORAM : NARESH H. PATIL & T. V. NALAWADE, JJ. DATED : 26th April, 2011. JUDGMENT : [ PER T.V. NALAWADE, J.] 1. This appeal is filed against the judgment and order of Sessions Case No. 94/2009, which was pending in the Court of Sessions Judge, Nanded. By the decision dated 14.12.2009, the appellant is convicted and sentenced for an offence punishable under section 302 of the Indian Penal Code. Cri. Appeal No. 11/2010 2 2. In short, the facts leading to institution of the appeal, can be stated as follows :- (a) The deceased Rama Tamalwad was resident of village Therban, Tahsil Bhokar, District Nanded. Complainant Radhabai is the widow of deceased. Accused Vithal is also resident of the same village. Few years prior to the date of incident, a relative of Rama was given in marriage to son of accused. As there was some dispute, son of accused obtained divorce. Fifteen days prior to the date of incident, some relatives of the said girl visited the house of accused for taking back articles belonging to the said girl, Adela. The deceased had helped Adela by engaging auto-rickshaw for taking the articles from Therban to village Kupti. As the help was given by Rama to Adela, the accused became angry with Rama and he had given threat of life to Rama. (b) The incident took place on 23.4.2009 prior to 6 p.m. The deceased had gone to Bhokar for weekly market and he was returning to Therban in rickshaw belonging to Kondiba Musle. There were many passengers in the rickshaw. The deceased was occupying the extreme back seat of the rickshaw. In the middle Cri. Appeal No. 11/2010 3 portion, on passenger seat, Khandu Karhale, his wife and one more couple were sitting. When the rickshaw came near the spot of offence, Khandu Karhale complained that the deceased was pushing his wife from behind. As the passengers made request, the rickshaw was stopped at the spot of offence by Kondiba. All the passengers alighted from the rickshaw on the spot. At the relevant time, accused was sitting in front portion near Kondiba, the driver and he also alighted from the rickshaw. The accused questioned Rama as to why he was pushing the wife of Khandu. Then accused took out his shoe and started assaulting Rama. Rama was mainly assaulted on his head. When Rama became unconscious, the accused and other passengers boarded rickshaw and they left for Therban. Rama was left behind on the spot and he was probably unconscious. (c) Laxman, cousin of Rama, learnt about the incident. After some time of reaching of rickshaw to village Therban, Kondiba narrated the incident to Laxman. In turn, Laxman narrated the incident to Radhabai. Then in other rickshaw deceased was brought to the village. From the house of Rama, he was then shifted to Rural Hospital, Bhokar. Doctor of Government Hospital declared that Rama was dead. Radhabai then gave report to Bhokar Cri. Appeal No. 11/2010 4 Police Station and on the basis of that report, crime at Cr.No. 67/2009 came to be registered at Bhokar Police Station. (d) Sanjeevan Mirkhale, the PSI, who was attached to Bhokar Police Station, took over the investigation of the case. He prepared the inquest panchanama and he referred the dead body for PM examination. On the next day, he recorded statements of the persons, who were travelling in the said rickshaw. He also recorded statements of persons like Smt. Adela and other rickshaw driver, who had taken Rama to village after the incident. He prepared spot panchanama. One small container of lime was found on the spot. The clothes of the deceased were taken over. The accused came to be arrested and his clothes were also taken over. Shoes of the accused were taken over. All these articles came to be forwarded to CA Office in due course. Doctor, who conducted PM examination, gave opinion that death had taken place due to shock due to hemorrhage due to head injury and injury to lung. Viscera was preserved, but no poison was detected in the viscera. (e) After completion of investigation, the chargesheet came to filed in the Court of Judicial Magistrate, First Class, Bhokar. The JMFC committed the case to the Court of Sessions. The charge was Cri. Appeal No. 11/2010 5 framed for the aforesaid offence and plea was recorded. Accused pleaded not guilty. In all eleven witnesses were examined by prosecution. Accused has taken the defence of total denial in the statement recorded under section 313 of Criminal Procedure Code. Accused has examined one Bhaurao Kavle, who was also travelling in the same rickshaw at the relevant time as a defence witness. The Trial Court has convicted and sentenced the appellant for offence punishable under section 302 of IPC on the basis of direct evidence of Kondiba (PW 5), auto-rickshaw driver, on the basis of direct evidence of Baburao Kadam (PW 8) and on the basis of medical evidence. The Trial Court has held that due to the help given by deceased to Adela in the past, there was grudge in the mind of accused and he used the incident to finish Rama. In the appeal, both the sides are heard. Points raised by both the sides are being discussed alongwith evidence. 3. The defence taken by the accused by examining defence witness shows that it is suggested that the deceased was drunk, he was standing on foot-rest of rickshaw and at the turn, he lost balance and he fell accidentally on the spot. It is also suggested that the accused was not present in the said rickshaw. It is however not suggested to Radhabai (PW 4) or any other witness that they Cri. Appeal No. 11/2010 6 have some reason to falsely implicate the accused in this case. The evidence of spot of offence is not seriously disputed. To the doctor who conducted the PM examination, it is suggested that injuries found on the dead body of Rama were caused due to accident, but the suggestion is denied by Dr. Chandrakant Patil (PW 10). 4. By examining Rameshwar Totewad (PW 1), the prosecution has proved the inquest panchanama as Exh. 10 and by examining Dr. Patil (PW 10) the PM report is proved. There is little bit inconsistency in the evidence of inquest panchanama (Exh. 10) and the evidence of Doctor along with the PM report (Exh. 46). In the inquest report, the injuries like bruises are mentioned on left hand wrist, left elbow, both knees, but no injury is mentioned on the head portion and the head is shown as "intact". Doctor has given evidence that there were many bruises over right and left arms, right foot, left ankle and they were seven in number. The fatal injury is said to be contusion over head, which was on left parieto temporal region. It was defused multiple contusion injury and the contusions were overlapping each other. Under the skin of the scalpe ecchymosis with blood clots was seen. On internal examination, fracture of skull at the base of skull at anterior cranial fossa was noticed. All these injuries are said to be Cri. Appeal No. 11/2010 7 anti-mortem in nature. There was no external injury in respect of the fracture of rib. Due to head injury, there was subdural haemorrhage and due to fracture of rib, there was laceration over lung and there was hamatoma at the right lung. All these injuries are said to be anti-mortem in nature. Shoe was shown to the doctor and doctor has given opinion that such injuries can be cause by article like shoe. No specific evidence is given that injury found on the head or found on the lung is sufficient in ordinary course of nature to cause death. But there is evidence that the injury found on the head was dangerous to life. There is no reason to disbelieve this part of evidence. Thus, the spot of offence is fixed and the medical evidence shows that there was use of force against the deceased. The doctor has denied that such injuries can be caused due to accidental fall from running rickshaw. This evidence needs to be kept in mind while appreciating the direct evidence and circumstantial evidence. 5. Kondiba (PW 5), the driver of the rickshaw, has given evidence that it was his last trip and he was taking around 10 to 12 passengers to village Therban. He has deposed that Khandu Karhale was sitting on the middle seat with his wife and he complained near the spot of offence that the deceased was Cri. Appeal No. 11/2010 8 pushing his wife from behind. His evidence does not show that Rama was standing on foot-rest of the rickshaw. He has not directly stated in the evidence that rickshaw was stopped. But his subsequent evidence shows that after the incident the accused boarded the rickshaw. From this circumstance, it needs to be inferred that the passengers had alighted at the spot of offence. There is similar evidence of Baburao Kadam (PW 8), other eye witness. Baburao has deposed that Babu Karale had asked to stop the rickshaw for aforesaid reason. 6. Evidence is given by Kondiba that during incident accused asked deceased as to why the deceased was pushing the woman. He has deposed that the accused then started beating to deceased on his head with his shoe. Kondiba has given evidence that due to this beating Rama became unconscious and he collapsed there. He has given evidence that accused then asked him to proceed ahead. He has given evidence that Rama was left behind on the spot as other passengers were insisting to reach them first at their destinations. Baburao (PW 8) has given evidence that all the persons had disembarked at the spot of offence. He has given general evidence that accused gave beating to Rama by beating with shoe and due to that Rama fell down. He has not specifically Cri. Appeal No. 11/2010 9 stated that assault was made on mainly head portion. 7. Kondiba (PW 5) has given evidence that the incident was narrated by him to Laxman, uncle of deceased and subsequently he had helped the family of Rama for shifting Rama to Bhokar Hospital. He has deposed that doctor declared that Rama was dead. Evidence is given by complainant and Digamber (PW 6) that from the spot of offence Rama was first brought to home. They have given evidence that Rama was lying on the spot of offence. 8. The evidence on record shows that few persons were sitting in rickshaw on front side with the driver, atleast four persons (two couples) were sitting on the middle seat and on the back side some more passengers including Rama were sitting. Suggestion is given to witness Baburao (PW 8) that Rama was standing and he fell down accidentally at the spot of incident. The said suggestion is denied. In the evidence of Baburao (PW 8) and Sanjeevan Mirkhale, IO, (PW 9), it is brought on record that Baburao (PW 8) had stated before police that two persons were standing. He had also stated that Rama was probably in drunken condition. From this previous statement, inference cannot be drawn that Rama was also standing and he fell down accidentally. There is specific reason given for Cri. Appeal No. 11/2010 10 stopping the auto-rickshaw and there is no reason to disbelieve the two eye witnesses on that point. 9. Radhabai (PW 4) has given evidence that she learnt about the incident in the evening from Laxman, brother in law. She has deposed that she learnt that accused Vithal had assaulted Rama with a shoe and Rama was lying near the tamarind tree. Then Rama was brought to home. In cross examination of Kondiba (PW 5) it is brought on record that the distance between village Therban and Bhokar is around 7 k.m. The evidence of Digamber (PW 6) shows that in his rickshaw Rama was shifted from place of offence to home at about 7.30 or 8 p.m. It is clear that for some time Rama or his dead body was kept in his house and thereafter he was shifted to Bhokar Hospital. The report given by Radhabai is at Exh. 19, which is duly proved and it shows that the crime was registered at about 23.45 hrs. of the same day. Thus, the report was immediately given against the accused on the basis of information collected by Radhabai and the information was given by eye witnesses. The name of driver Kondiba and some other persons including accused were given by Radhabai in Exh. 19. The evidence of Radhabai is relevant under section 6 of the Evidence Act. Cri. Appeal No. 11/2010 11 10. The evidence of IO (PW 9) shows the statements of witnesses were recorded on 24.4.2009. The names of eye witnesses were already known and no delay was caused in recording the statements of eye witnesses. Argument was advanced in respect of inconsistency that Prakash Dhavale (PW 3), the Head Constable, has given evidence that written report was given on that day. Sanjeevan Mirkhale (PW 9) has given evidence that he reduced into writing the report. As the report is reduced in to writing by Mirkhale, his evidence needs to be given preference and not much can be made out in favour of defence on the basis of such evidence given by Dhavle (PW 3). 11. Evidence is given by prosecution on seizure of shoes and clothes of the accused. This evidence needs no discussion as no blood was detected on clothes (CA report at Exh. 37) ans shoes were not sent to CA Office. Blood was detected on the clothes of the deceased. In inquest panchanama and in the evidence of panch witness, there is no mention of such blood on the clothes of the deceased. When there were many bruises on the person of Rama, there is possibility that there were small blood stains on the clothes of the deceased. This evidence needs no more discussion in view of the aforesaid defence taken by the accused. Cri. Appeal No. 11/2010 12 12. Defence witness Bhaurao Kavle (DW 1) has given evidence that the deceased was standing on foot-rest of auto-rickshaw and at the place of incident, the deceased lost balance and fell. He has deposed that the rickshaw was stopped there and a seat was offered to deceased, but the deceased was reluctant to board the rickshaw and so he was left on the spot. In view of the nature of the injuries, it does not look probable that after sustaining such injuries, the deceased was on his legs and he could deny to board the rickshaw. This witness has also tried to show that accused was not present in the rickshaw. In ordinary course, if a passenger falls from rickshaw, the passengers and rickshaw driver take him to the hospital. As the deceased was not taken to hospital and he was left there, the evidence given by the witnesses and particularly the reason for the incident needs to be believed. If the deceased was fully conscious after sustaining such injuries his container of lime would not have been found on the spot. The defence witness has tried to say that the deceased had taken the luggage, bag with him, but there is no such luggage. Thus, the medical evidence and other circumstances are not in support of the evidence given by the defence witness and he cannot be believed. His evidence that he did not know most of the passengers even when the rickshaw was Cri. Appeal No. 11/2010 13 proceeding towards Therban, which was the last stop and which was the last trip of the rickshaw shows that he wants to help the accused in any way and that is why he has not told the truth. 13. It is already observed that due to untoward incident stated by the eye witnesses, the rickshaw was stopped at the spot of offence and it is the accused, who mainly assaulted the deceased Rama by using shoe. They left Rama there, who was probably unconscious only due to the aforesaid incident and they had no feeling that Rama was dead. From the circumstances and aforesaid evidence, inference can be drawn that there was intention to teach lesson to Rama. 14. The prosecution has given more evidence on motive. Radhabai (PW 4) has given evidence that the relations were strained after the divorce of Adela (PW 7), as Rama had helped Adela in shifting her articles from the house of the accused. The evidence of Adela (PW 3) shows that such help was given to her. Digamber (PW 6) has given evidence that in his auto-rickshaw the articles of Adela were transported from this village to the village of Adela. Adela has given evidence that even her marriage was settled due to mediation done by the deceased. However, the evidence of Cri. Appeal No. 11/2010 14 Adela does not show that due to her divorce or due to taking of her articles from the house of accused with the help of Rama, the relations between Rama and accused were strained. Radhabai has specifically stated in the evidence that accused and his son sent back articles given in the marriage to Adela. Thus, there was no dispute over return of articles to Adela. These circumstances create probability that the witnesses have tried to exaggerate the things by saying more and creating other ground of motive. The evidence of Radhabai (PW 4) that the accused was moving with the stick in the village, is hit by contradiction as there was no such mention in FIR, Exh. 19. There is no independent witness examined by the prosecution to give evidence on the second motive. From the evidence of eye witnesses, it cannot be gathered that accused had special grudge against the deceased or he said few words regarding the second motive. If there was really such grudge, in ordinary course, the accused would not have chosen such occasion and he would not have assaulted the deceased by using shoe, that too in presence of many eye witnesses. Thus, the evidence on second motive does not appear to be probable in nature. 15. The question now arises, as to what offence is committed by the accused. The Trial Court has held that there was the intention Cri. Appeal No. 11/2010 15 to finish the deceased due to the aforesaid second motive. It is already observed that nobody from auto felt that Rama was dead or he was seriously injured due to assault. All persons from rickshaw had alighted at the spot of offence. The untoward incident had taken place in respect of other passenger. Though no witness has given evidence that other passengers also assaulted the deceased, such possibility cannot be ruled out when there is such incident. There is no explanation as to how the fracture of one rib of the deceased was caused. Most of the injuries, which are visible, are minor injuries and they were mostly abrasions. Hard and blunt object like shoe having sole of plastic was used. But, the abrasions were caused. When such incident takes place, even if the other persons had taken part in the incident actively, they avoid to admit their part when case like present one is filed out of the incident. It is already observed that the evidence of second eye witness Baburao (PW 8) is of general nature with regard to assault. All these circumstances need to be kept in mind for ascertaining the ingredients of the offence like knowledge or intention. 16. The Trial Court has held that there was the intention and the accused tried to wreck vengeance against Rama for aforesaid second motive. For the defence it was submitted that the evidence Cri. Appeal No. 11/2010 16 and the aforesaid circumstances are not sufficient to infer such intention. 17. Section 299 of IPC reads as under :- "299. Culpable homicide.--Whoever causes death by doing an act with the intention of causing death, or with the intention of causing such bodily injury as is likely to cause death, or with the knowledge that he is likely by such act to cause death, commits the offence of culpable homicide. Explanation 1.-A person who causes bodily injury to another who is labouring under a disorder, disease or bodily infirmity, and thereby accelerates the death of that other, shall be deemed to have caused his death. Explanation 2.-Where death is caused by bodily injury, the person who causes such bodily injury shall be deemed to have caused the death, although by resorting to proper remedies and skillful treatment the death might have been prevented. Explanation 3.-The causing of the death of a child in the mother's womb is not homicide. But it may amount to culpable homicide to cause the death of a living child, if any part of that child has been brought forth, though the child may not have Cri. Appeal No. 11/2010 17 breathed or been completely born." For proving the offence of murder, the prosecution is first required to establish that the offence amounts to culpable homicide. There are three species of mens rea in culpable homicide like :- (i) intention to cause death, (ii) intention to cause dangerous injury, and (iii) knowledge that the death is likely to happen. Thus, the fact that the death of human being is caused is not enough unless one of the mental states mentioned in section 299 of IPC is made out for making the offence, a culpable homicide. For proving the offence of murder, the special characteristic of murder quoted in section 300 of IPC need to be established. Culpable homicide is murder as per section 300 under four circumstances like below :- "300. Murder.--Except in the cases hereinafter excepted, culpable homicide is murder, if the act by which the death is caused is done with the intention of causing death, or- 2ndly.-If it is done with the intention of Cri. Appeal No. 11/2010 18 causing such bodily injury as the offender knows to be likely to cause the death of the person to whom the harm is caused. or- 3rdly.-If it is done with the intention of causing bodily injury to any person and the bodily injury intended to be inflicted is sufficient in the ordinary course of nature to cause death, or- 4thly.-If the person committing the act knows that it is so imminently dangerous that it must, in all probability, cause death, or such bodily injury as is likely to cause death, and commits such act without any excuse for incurring the risk of causing death or such injury as aforesaid." 18. In the present case, it is difficult to infer that there was intention to cause death or there was intention to cause such bodily injury which accused knew to be likely to cause death or there was intention of accused to cause such bodily injury which would be sufficient in ordinary course of nature to cause death or that the accused knew that his act was so imminently dangerous that it must in all probability cause death or such bodily injury as is likely to cause death. Even knowledge requires awareness of consequences of the act. Both these things cannot be inferred for the purpose of sections 299 and 300 in the present case. Then again Cri. Appeal No. 11/2010 19 the question arises, as to what offence the accused has committed, if not murder or culpable homicide not amounting to murder. Two fracture injuries were caused and one injury was dangerous to life.