THE HON’BLE SRI JUSTICE K.C.BHANU AND THE HON’BLE SRI JUSTICE N.R.L.NAGESWARA RAO CRIMINAL APPEAL No.960 OF 2007 JUDGMENT: (Per Hon’ble Sri Justice K.C.Bhanu) This Criminal Appeal is filed under Section 374 (2) of the Cr.P.C. against the judgment and decree, dated 11-07-2007, in Sessions Case No.289 of 2006, on the file of the V Additional Sessions Judge (FTC) at Nizamabad, whereunder and whereby, A-1 to A-4 were found guilty for the offences punishable under Sections 498-A and 304-B IPC and sentenced them to undergo rigorous imprisonment for three years and also to pay a fine of Rs.5,000/-, in default, to simple imprisonment for a period of three months and also sentenced to undergo imprisonment for life, respectively. 2. The case of the prosecution, in brief, is that A-1 is the resident of Bheemgal village. A-2 and A-3 are his parents and A-4 is the sister of A-2. The marriage of the deceased viz., Varalakshmi was performed with A-1 on 26-05-2005. At the time of marriage, the parents of the deceased gave Rs.50,000/- cash, two tulas of gold and household utensils to A-1 towards dowry. They also promised A-1 to give cash of Rs.2,09,000/- by way of fixed deposit after its maturity in the year 2009. After living sometime happily, A-1 started harassing deceased for cancellation of F.D.Rs prematurely. The deceased informed the same to her parents. They came to the village of A-1 and requested to wait till the deposit amount matured. But A-1 without heeding their words, continued his harassment to deceased and due to his cruelty in demanding money, it caused to her mental agony, and that unable to bear his attitude, the deceased committed suicide on 28- 03-2006 by hanging to a ceiling fan in her house. P.W.1, father of the deceased, gave a complaint to the police. P.W.16 registered a case in Crime No.33 of 2006 on the file of Bheemgal police station. P.W.15 visited the scene of occurrence i.e. the house of accused in Bheemgal village. He found the dead of deceased hanging to a ceiling fan with saree. He got taken the photographs of the scene of occurrence and prepared a rough sketch. He sent a requisition to the Executive Magistrate to hold inquest. P.W.14 held inquest over the dead body in the presence of P.W.12 and others. P.W.15 conducted autopsy and found ligature mark around the neck of deceased. After investigating into the matter, the police filed a charge sheet. 3. The charges levelled against the accused were as follows: “Firstly, That A-1 to A-4 of you, on and after marriage of the deceased, A-1 being husband of the deceased, A-2 and A-3 being parents-in-law of the deceased and A-4 being maternal aunt of A-1 subjected the deceased to cruelty namely harassment for dowry and that you thereby committed an offence punishable under Section 498-A of Indian penal Code and within my cognizance. Secondly, That A-1 to A-4 of you on 28-03-2006 at 8.30 P.M. caused the death of the deceased D.Prameela @ Varalazmi by hanging and that the death of the deceased occurred within seven years of her marriage and that the deceased was subjected to cruelty or harassment by A-1 and A-2 to A-4 of you in connection with demand for dowry and that all of you thereby committed an offence punishable under Section 304-B of Indian penal Code and within my cognizance.” All the charges were read over and explained to the accused in Telugu and the accused having denied the same pleaded not guilty. 4. To substantiate the charges levelled against the accused, the prosecution examined P.Ws.1 to 16 and marked Exs.P-1 to P-17 besides case properties MOs.1 and 2 on its behalf. On behalf of the accused, D.Ws.1 and 2 were examined and marked Exs.D-1 to D-7. 5. The trial Court accepting the evidence of P.Ws.1 to 4, found the accused guilty of the offence and accordingly convicted and sentenced them as stated supra. Challenging the same, the present Criminal Appeal has been filed. 6. Now the point for determination is whether the prosecution has proved the guilt of the accused beyond reasonable doubt of the charges levelled against them under Sections 498-A and 304-B IPC? 7. Sri C.Padmanabha Reddy, learned senior counsel for the appellants, contended that the evidence of P.Ws.1 to 4 is inconsistent with regard to the demand of dowry; that there was no harassment for or in connection with dowry; that the evidence of P.Ws.1 to 3 is full of improvements and contradictions. In view of the improvements made by them, it is not safe to place any implicit reliance on the evidence of P.Ws.1 to 4; that A-2 to A-4 are living separately by doing their traditional work of dhobi at Pallekonda village and there is no specific allegation against A-2 to A-4 except saying an omnibus allegation of demand of dowry; that prior to the incident, the deceased was suffering from stomach-ache and for that reason, she had taken treatment before D.W.1 and unable to bear the stomach-ache, the possibility of the deceased committing suicide cannot be ruled out. Therefore, he prays to set aside the conviction and sentence imposed on appellants by the Court below. 8. On the other hand, the learned Public Prosecutor contended that the evidence of P.Ws.1 to 4 is very clear that soon before death, the deceased was subjected to cruelty or harassment for or in connection with dowry and that there is no other reason for P.Ws.1 to 4 to speak false against the accused and that their evidence is convincing with regard to the fact that A-1 to A-3 came to the house of P.Ws.1 and 2 for attending marriage of P.W.4, four days prior to the marriage, and also stayed there four days after the marriage and at that point of time, A-1 to A-3 made unlawful demand to deceased to encash the F.D.R. prematurely, which was agreed to be given at the time of marriage, and that the trial Court, after elaborating the evidence on record, rightly found them guilty, and therefore, there are no grounds to interfere with the well reasoned judgment. 9. P.W.14 is the Mandal Revenue Officer, Balkonda village, who conducted inquest on the dead body of the deceased in the presence of P.W.12 and others and the opinion of panchas incorporated in Ex.P-11, inquest report, reveals that the deceased died as a result of hanging. 10. P.W.13, doctor, conducted autopsy on the dead body of the deceased and found a ligature mark around the neck obliquely as groove about 1 ½ inches width; bluish black in colour. Some places in front and left side of the neck, skin teared. Knot on right side of the neck behind right ear. The above injury is anti-mortem in nature. On dissection, he found both lungs congested, stomach contained undigested food tongue, bitten, frothy discharge from let angle of the mouth. The age of the deceased is approximately 20 years. Approximate time of death of deceased is about 12 to 20 hours. He opined that the cause of the death was due to asphyxia as a result of hanging. He along with another doctor conducted post-mortem examination on the body of deceased and issued certificate ExP-13. 11. Nothing has been elicited in the cross examination of P.W.12 to discredit his testimony. From the evidence of P.W.13, and from the recitals in Ex.P.13, it leaves no room to doubt that the death of the deceased is unnatural. Even the accused are also not denying or disputing about the suicidal death of the deceased. 12. For the offence under Section 498-A IPC, prosecution has to establish that the husband or relative of husband of a woman subjects such woman to cruelty. Cruelty means (a) any wilfl conduct which is of such a nature as is likely to drive the women to commit suicide or to cause grave injury or danger to life, limb or health (whether mental or physical) of the woman and (b) harassment of the woman where such harassment is with a view to coercing her or any person related to her to meet any unlawful demand for any property or valuable security or is on account of failure by her or any person related to her to meet such demand. 13. So far as the offence under Section 304-B IPC is concerned, the prosecution has to establish the following ingredients: i) The death of a woman should be caused by burns or bodily injury or otherwise than under normal circumstances. ii) Such death should have occurred within seven years of her marriage. iii) She must have been subjected to cruelty or harassment by her husband or any relative of her husband and iv) Such cruelty or harassment should be for or in connection with demand of dowry. 14. The meaning of ‘Dowry’ as defined under Section 2 of the Dowry Prohibition Act, 1961, is that any property or valuable security given or agreed to be given either directly or indirectly (a) by one party to a marriage to the other party to marriage (b) by the parents of either party to a marriage or by other person to either party to the marriage or to any other person, at or before or any time after marriage in connection with marriage of the said parties. 15. The marriage of A-1 with the deceased was performed on 26-05-2005 at Bheemgal village at the residence of accused. A-1 is the husband, A-2 and A-3 are his parents and A-4 is the sister of A-2. P.Ws.1 and 2 are the parents of the deceased, P.W.3 is paternal grand-father of the deceased, P.W.4 is the brother of the deceased. P.Ws.5 and 6 are the tenants in the house of A-2, but they did not support the case of the prosecution. Therefore, the entire case rests upon the evidence of P.Ws.1 to 4 only. 16. The evidence of P.Ws.1 to 4 is almost similar and identical which would go to show that at the time of marriage, P.W.1 gave Rs.50,000/- cash, gold ornaments weighing two tulas and household utensils as dowry, on the demand made by the accused. That after the marriage, A-1 and the deceased lived together at the house of A-1 at Bheemgal village. It is in this evidence that at the time of settlement of marriage talks, P.Ws.1 and 2 agreed to give the amount covered under fixed deposit receipt which will be matured in the year 2009. After maturity the said amount is agreed to be given to A-1. 17. It is the case of the prosecution that two months after the marriage, all the accused started harassing to encash the fixed deposit receipt prematurely and give the said amount to them. Thus, the said fact was informed to the parents by the deceased through telephone. Then P.Ws.1 to 3 went to the house of accused at Bheemgal village and requested the accused to receive the amount after maturity. But, in spite of giving assurance by P.W.1, the accused did not heed to the words of P.W.1. Accused are persisting their demand to encash fixed deposit receipt. It is further case of the prosecution that the marriage of P.W.4 was performed eight days prior to the date of death of the deceased. 18. According to P.Ws.1 and 4, it is A-1 and the deceased alone came to the village of P.W.1 four days prior to the marriage and stayed for about four days after the marriage. But according to the P.Ws.2 and 3, it is A-1 to A-3 and the deceased came to the village for attending marriage of P.W.4. So there is a discrepancy with regard to the accused persons who attended the marriage of P.W.4. In view of this discrepancies, it cannot be believed the presence of A-2, and A-3 at the time of marriage of A-4. But the evidence of P.Ws.1 to 4 is very clear that A-1 and the deceased have come to the marriage of P.W.4. At that time also, it is the case of the prosecution that the accused demanded dowry viz., the premature encashment of fixed deposit receipt. A-1 and deceased returned to Bheemgal village. Four days thereafter, the deceased died by hanging herself. 19. The evidence of P.W.2 that all the accused started harassing the deceased two months after the marriage to encash prematurely and bring the fixed deposit amount and that on coming to know about the same, P.Ws.1 and 3 went to the house of accused at Bheemgal village and requested the accused not to harass the deceased and at that time also, the accused demanded F.D.R. amount. The statement of P.W.1 that there was harassment by the accused two months after the marriage of A-1 with the deceased appears to be an improvement because that has not been stated to the police when he was examined under Section 161 (3) Cr.P.C. Because on this aspect, the Investigating Officer, P.W.15, categorically admitted that P.W.1 did not state before him that on the demand of accused, P.W.1 gave Rs.50,000/- and gold; that two months after the marriage, accused demanded for premature encashment of F.D.R. amount and the same was informed to her parents by phone; that he (P.W.1) requested the accused that he would pay the amount after the maturity of the F.D.R. amount, and thereafter, the accused again started harassment; that P.W.1 and his father went to the house of the accused at Bheemgal village and requested them to stop harassment; that at the time of marriage of his son, P.W.4, the accused demanded F.D.R. amount and cash. Therefore, the statement of P.W.1 that two months after the marriage of A-1 and deceased, there was harassment with regard to the encashment of the F.D.R. is an improvement and it cannot be brushed aside lightly. Therefore, the statement of P.W.1, on this aspect, cannot be taken into consideration, but, however, the evidence of P.W.1 is very clear with regard to the harassment namely premature encashment of F.D.R. after the marriage that A-1 and the deceased came to his village eight days prior to the death of the deceased in connection with the marriage of his son. To that extent, his evidence can be accepted. 20. Similarly, P.W.2 also made improvements on this aspect. P.W.15 admitted that P.W.2 did not state before him that the deceased made a telephone call to one Narsavva; that his father talked in telephone with deceased; that the accused agreed that they will provide cots to A-1; that the deceased came to the house of her parents and informed them that the accused were harassing her and for the marriage of their son, A-2 and A-3 were attending and also demanded for encashment of F.D.R. amount prematurely. If the evidence of P.W.2, with regard to the improvement made by him in court is eschewed from consideration, it is very clear that A-2 and A-3 have not come to the marriage. Therefore, the question of A-2 and A-3 demanding P.W.1 to encash fixed deposit receipt may not arise. 21. P.W.15, the Investigating Officer, also admitted that P.W.3 has not stated before him that the deceased informed him (P.W.3) that the accused were harassing the deceased for F.D.R. amount and all the accused along with deceased returned to their house after the marriage of P.W.3’s grandson. So, the evidence of P.W.3 to the extent of A-2 and A-3 also came to the village to attend the marriage of P.W.4 is an omission and cannot be accepted in view of the improvement made in his evidence. P.W.4 also did not state before the Investigating Officer that A-2 to A-4 attended to his marriage. Therefore, from the evidence of P.Ws.1 to 4, it can be safely inferred that A-1 and the deceased alone came to the village of P.W.1 for the purpose of attending the marriage. Four days after, when A-1 and the deceased left the village of P.W.1, the incident has taken place. From the evidence of P.Ws.1 to 4, it is clear that there was harassment to deceased by A-1 soon before her death. The harassment is with regard to the premature encashment of the F.D.R. which was agreed to be given by P.Ws.1 and 2, after their maturity as per the promise made at the time of marriage of A-1 and the deceased. Therefore, it is unlawful demand made by A-1 so as to encash the F.D.Rs. prematurely and asking her to get that amount. Since it is unlawful demand, the possibility of the deceased committing suicide unable to bear the harassment of A-1 cannot be ruled out. From the evidence of P.Ws.1 to 4, it is clear that A-1 alone was harassing the deceased to get the dowry amount i.e. premature encashment of F.D.R. Their evidence is clear that soon before her death, deceased was subjected to cruelty for or in connection with the demand of dowry. Therefore, the prosecution clearly established the required four ingredients for proving the offence under Section 304-B IPC. Once the prosecution discharged its burden, the burden shifts to the accused under Section 113-B of the Evidence Act. If Section 113-B is attracted, when the death of the deceased has taken place within seven years, and it is unnatural and the deceased was subjected to cruelty for or in connection with the demand of dowry before her death, the presumption is that it is a dowry death. Of course, it is a rebuttable presumption. After prosecution discharged its burden, burden shifts to the accused to rebut the presumption. The accused examined D.W.1, a medical practitioner of Bhimgal to show that he treated the deceased for abdominal pain on 14-06-2005. Ex.D-4 is the prescription. Ex.D-5 is the prescribed treatment given to the deceased. As per his advice, Ex.D-6, abdominal scan was taken and the scan was normal. 22. The evidence of D.W.1 does not indicate that after treatment, the deceased was suffering with the abdominal pain severely so as to take an extreme step of committing suicide. Even according to the doctor, D.W.1, he categorically admitted that if the deceased Venkata Lakshmi had complained a severe stomach-ache, he would have certainly referred to her to a specialist. The fact that the deceased was not referred to expert treatment would indicate that the deceased was not suffering with severe abdominal pain. Further, D.W.1 admitted that according to Ex.D-7, the deceased was suffering with muscle pain and there was no complaint from the deceased about abdominal pain. D.W.2, who is a resident of Bheemgal Village, simply stated that the deceased told him that she was suffering with abdominal pain, which is contrary to the evidence of doctor D.W.1. Admittedly, he is an interested witness to the case of prosecution because he was in the habit of purchasing articles from the kirana shop of A-1. Therefore, no reliance can be placed upon his evidence especially when the doctor who was examined on behalf of the accused has categorically stated that the suffering of the deceased is not abdominal pain. So the case of accused No.1 that the deceased committed suicide unable to bear the abdominal pain cannot be accepted. On the evidence adduced by him, it is false plea. Therefore, the presumption under Section 114-B of the Evidence Act can be drawn. 23. For the aforesaid reasons, we have no hesitation to hold that it is A-1 who was harassing the deceased cruelly soon before her death and therefore, the trial Court after considering the evidence on record, found A-1 guilty for the offences under Sections 498-A and 304 IPC. 24. Insofar as A-2 to A-4 are concerned, there is no evidence to show that they were present along with the deceased while they were staying at Bheemgal village. On the other hand, as elicited from the evidence of P.Ws. 1 and 2 in their cross-examination that A-2 and A-3 were living in Pallekonda village by attending to their caste duties as dhobi and as a matter of fact, the Investigating Officer also admitted that A-2 and A-3 are residents of Pallekonda village which is far away from the Bheemgal, wherein, A-1 and the deceased were used to reside. The charge sheet also disclosed that A-2 and A-3 are residents of Pallekonda village. Such is the case, there was no scope or possibility for them to demand P.Ws.1 and 2 to give dowry or encash the F.D.Rs. prematurely. Insofar as the A-4 is concerned, admittedly she is not residing with the deceased. There is no evidence to show that she came to the village of P.Ws.1 and 2 in order to attend the marriage of the son of P.W.1. Therefore, the question of her demanding dowry soon before the death of the deceased may not arise. 25. Therefore, for the aforesaid reasons, the conviction and sentence against A-2 to A-4 are not sustainable. Hence, they are entitled for acquittal. But, A-1 is found guilty for the offences punishable under Sections 498-A and 304-B IPC. 26. A-1 is a young man, aged about 22 years as on the date of incident. He is only the son to his parents. A-1 is only insisting the deceased to encash fixed deposit receipt prematurely. It is not a case of demand of additional dowry made by A-1, so as to fulfil his lust. A-1 was only demanding P.Ws.1 and 2 to encash the F.D.Rs. which was agreed to be given to A-1 at the time of marriage. Considering all these aspects of the case, we are of the view that since there was no additional demand of dowry or any unlawful demand or that he caused any bodily injuries to the deceased at any point of time after the marriage, a lenient view can be taken with regard to the sentence to be imposed. Considering these facts, imposing a minimum sentence prescribed under Section 304-B IPC against A-1 is sufficient to meet the ends of justice. 27. In the result, the 1st appellant/accused No.1 viz., Donkanti Rajender, S/o.Gangadhar, in Sessions Case No.289 of 2006, on the file of the V Additional Sessions Judge (FTC), Nizamabad, is found guilty of the offences punishable under Sections 498-A and 304-B IPC. Accordingly, the conviction and sentence recorded against him for three years of rigorous imprisonment under Section 498-A are confirmed. However, the sentence recorded against him for life imprisonment under Section 304-B IPC is modified to the extent of seven years of rigorous imprisonment. Both the sentences shall run concurrently. The period of remand underwent by the 1st appellant/accused No.1 during investigation, trial and after conviction shall be given set off under Section 428 Cr.P.C. 28. So far as the other appellants/accused i.e A-2 to A4 in Sessions Case No.289 of 2006, on the file of the V Additional Sessions Judge (FTC), Nizamabad, are concerned, they are all found not guilty for the offences punishable under Sections 498-A and 304-B IPC and the conviction and sentences recorded against them by impugned judgment are set aside. They shall be set at liberty, forthwith, unless they are needed in any other case. The fine amount, if any paid by them, shall be refunded to them. 29. Accordingly, the Criminal Appeal is partly allowed. _____________________ JUSTICE K.C.BHANU Dated: 31-12-2010 ______________________________ JUSTICE N.R.L.NAGESWARA RAO kvr