Case ID: misc_49/html/0319-01.html
Source: Caselaw Access Project
Author: {"author": "Blanchard, J.", "license": "Public Domain", "url": "https://static.case.law/"}
Date Created: 2024-08-24T03:29:51.129683

The Citizens' Central National Bank, Plaintiff, v. John P. Munn et al., Defendants.
    (Supreme Court, New York Special Term,
    February, 1906.)
    Pleading — Motions relating to pleadings — To strike out as irrelevant — Allegations not stricken out: To make more definite and certain — When ordered.
    Where the complaint, in an action to recover moneys claimed to have been loaned to certain of the defendants through another defendant by plaintiff’s assignor, alleges the purpose for which the moneys were claimed to have been borrowed and the manner of their application, such allegations may tend to show the joint nature of the transaction and will not be stricken out as irrelevant.
    A motion that the allegation that the moneys were “borrowed through the defendant Fisher” be made more definite and certain will be granted so far as it relates to the exhibition of written evidence of the relationship between the defendants and to any written obligation of indebtedness and the substance thereof.
    Motion by defendants requiring plaintiff to make its complaint more definite and certain and to strike out certain parts of its complaint and to extend the time of defendants to answer.
    Sherman & Sterling, for plaintiff.
    Chas. A. Gardiner, for defendants.
   Blanchard, J.

This is a motion by the defendants for an order requiring the plaintiff to make its complaint more definite and certain, and to strike out as irrelevant and redundant certain parts of- its complaint and to extend the time of the defendants to answer. The complaint, aside from the allegation of the plaintiff’s corporate capacity and of the assignment of the cause of action, and of the demand and nonpayment, contains only this paragraph: “ That on or about November 27, 1901, the defendants jointly purchased 300 shares of the capital stock of the Merchants’ Trust Company of New York, and, for the purpose of paying for the same they borrowed, on that date, from the Central National Bank of the city of New York, through the defendant Fisher, the sum of one hundred thousand dollars ($100,000), which it was agreed should be repaid upon demand, with interest from the same date; and the said sum so borrowed was applied by the defendants in payment of the purchase price of the said stock.” The defendants ask that the following words be stricken out as irrelevant: “ That on or about November 27, 1901, the defendants jointly purchased 300 shares of the capital stock of the Merchants’ Trust Company of New York, and, for the purpose of paying for the same; ” and also the words and the said sum so borrowed was applied by the defendants in payment of the purchase price of the said stock.” It is not clear that the allegations complained of are irrelevant. Fossibly they tend to show the joint nature of the transaction. In view of such possible relevancy the court is not justified in striking them out. Dinkelspiel v. N. Y. Evening Journal Pub. Co., 91 App. Div. 96, 98. The defendants also ask that the allegation that “ they borrowed through the defendant Fisher ” be amended so as to state the nature and extent of the interest and liability of the defendant Munn in the loan; the capacity in which the defendant Fisher represented and acted for Munn, whether as agent, partner, joint venturer or otherwise, and how this relationship was evidenced, whether by writing or by parol, and if by parol the person who purported to give the same on behalf of Munn, and the person representing the plaintiff to whom the same was communicated, and the time and place where the same was communicated; whether the plaintiff received any promissory note or other writing from defendants or any other person at the time of making the alleged loan and, if so, the parties, indorsers and terms thereof, and the manner or grounds on which it is sought to charge Munn upon said instrument, whether jointly or severally, or both. In opposition to the motion to amend the complaint by making it more definite and certain, the plaintiff contends that the proper remedy is a bill of particulars. The decisions regarding motions 'to amend pleadings by making them more definite and certain, and regarding motions to direct bills of particulars, have been characterized as conflicting .and confusing. Dumar v. Witherbee, Sherman & Co., 88 App. Div. 181, 183. Section 546 of the Code of Civil Procedure provides: “Where one or more denials or- allegations, contained in a pleading, are so indefinite or uncertain that the precise meaning or application thereof is not apparent, the court may require the pleading to be made definite and certain, by amendment.” Section 531 of the Code of Civil Procedure provides: “ Upon application in any case, the court, or a judge authorized to make an order in the action, may, upon notice, direct a bill of the particulars of the claim of either party to be delivered to the adverse party, and in case of default the court shall preclude him from giving evidence of the part or parts of his affirmative allegation of which particulars have not been delivered.” A distinction between these remedies must be drawn.' Referring to corresponding sections in the former Code, of which the sections in the present Code are substantially a ■paraphrase, it was said in Tilton v. Beecher, 59 N. Y. 176, 183: “It will be observed that it is only where the precise ■nature of the charge * * * intended to be made against "him, but not of the particulars or circumstances of time and place. For this purpose a different proceeding is pointed out, viz., an application under section 158, which provides among •other things that 'the court may in all cases order a bill of particulars of the claim of either party to be furnished.’ ” 'This distinction has been recognized as applicable to the remedies prescribed in the sections above quoted. Dumar v. Witherbee, Sherman & Co., supra. The most obvious application of this distinction shows the propriety of the defendants’ motion to make the present complaint more definite -and certain, so far, at least, as the nature and extent of Munn’s liability and Fisher’s relationship are concerned. The reason for this distinction, it seems, is that the motion to make the pleading more definite and certain is intended, primarily, to aid the opposing party to plead; while the motion to direct a bill of particulars is intended, primarily, though not solely, to prevent surprise upon the trial. Applying this principle, it has been held that the plaintiff may be compelled to make his complaint more definite and certain by stating whether the contract declared upon was in writing and, if so, to state the substance thereof, since the defendant may desire to plead the Statute of Frauds. First Presbyterian Church v. Kennedy, 72 App. Div. 82. Accordingly, the defendants’ motion to make the present complaint more definite and certain must also be granted, so far as it relates to the exhibition of written evidence of the relationship between the defendants and to any written obligation of indebtedness and the substance thereof. Regarding the other matters as to which an order to make the complaint more definite and certain is ásked, it seems clear that, on principle, they belong specially within the province of a bill of particulars. Authority exists which, perhaps, warrants relief as to these matters by an order to make the complaint more definite and certain. Reubens v. Ludgate Hill Steamship Co., 21 Abb. N. C. 464. Aside from this precedent, however, it seems reasonable, since an order to make the complaint more definite and certain must be made, that it include all the matters complained of, as was apparently the practice followed in First Presbyterian Church v. Kennedy, supra. Accordingly, the motion to make the complaint more definite and certain and to extend the defendants’ time to answer is granted. The motion to strike out certain parts of the complaint as irrelevant and redundant is denied.

Ordered accordingly.