Case ID: sw_269/html/0091-01.html
Source: Caselaw Access Project
Author: {"author": "LATTIMORE, J.", "license": "Public Domain", "url": "https://static.case.law/"}
Date Created: 2024-08-24T03:29:51.129683

WIGGINS v. STATE.
    (No. 8560.)
    (Court of Criminal Appeals of Texas.
    Feb. 11, 1925.)
    1. indictment and information <®=>l 11 (I) — Indictment must negative existence of predicate conditions.
    Where statute makes certain acts penal when done without certain accompaniments, an indictment charging violation of such statute must negative existence of predicate conditions..
    2. Animals <®=o36 — Information failing to allege moving of cattle was-without permit held insufficient.
    To legally charge one with violation of Acts 35th Leg. (1917) c. 60, § 11 (Vernon’s Ann. Pen. Code Supp. 1918, art. 1284j), information should allege that moving of cattle located in quarantine territory into another quarantine territory was without permit of either an inspector of the live stock sanitary commission of Texas, or of the United States Bureau of Animal Industry, and an information alleging only that defendant moved, his cattle without written permit from inspector of live stock sanitary commission of Texas was insufficient, and failed_ to charge an offense.
    Appeal from Cherokee County Court; J. J. Bolton, Judge.
    Jim Wiggins was convicted of violating the tick law, and he appeals.
    Reversed, and prosecution ordered dismissed.
    Norman, Shook & Gibson, of Rusk,, for appellant.
    Tom Garrard, State’s Atty., and Grover C. Morris, Asst. State’s Atty., both of Austin, for the State.
   LATTIMORE, J.

Appellant was convicted in the county court of Cherokee county of violating the tick law, and his punishment fixed at a fine of $1.

When the statute names certain acts as penal when done without certain accompaniments, an indictment charging such violation of the law must negative the existence of the predicate conditions. Holtzgraft v. State, 23 Tex. App. 404, 5 S. W. 117; Boubel v. State, 87 Tex. Cr. R. 360, 221 S. W. 290, sustain the proposition that an indictment charging that one has hunted in the inclosed and posted lands of another must allege that it was without the consent of the owner, the proprietor, or the agent in charge, and it is not sufficient that such hunting was without the consent of the owner. In Lantznester v. State, 19 Tex. App. 320, it is held that, when charging one with selling or giving liquor to a minor without the consent of the parent or guardian, as forbidden by statute, the indictment must allege that such gift or sale was without the consent of the parent or guardian, and that it is not sufficient to say that it was without the consent of the parent. This same holding appears in State v. Emerick, 35 Ark. 324.

In Meier v. State, 57 Ind. 386, it is held that, the indictment must negative the possession of any character of license under which the sale charged to have been made was permitted; the law forbidding such sales without having one of several named licenses. This holding is approved in Henderson v. State, 60 Ind. 296, and O’Brien v. State, 63 Ind. 242. To the same effect is the holding in State v. McBride, 64 Mo. 364. In State v. Pitzer, 23 Kan. 250, it is held that, where sales are only allowed in case licenses be had of certain kinds, the indictment must negative the possession of any such licenses. In Newman v. State, 63 Ga. 533, appears the statement that an indictment is bad, if admitting the truth of all the allegations, the accused may still be innocent under the law involved. This is approved in Thompson v. State, 37 Ark. 408, where one was prosecuted under "a law forbidding a sale without a prescription given by a graduate physician or I a regular practitioner’ of medicine. The court held bad an indictment which only alleged a sale without prescription given by a graduate physician. See, also, State v. Haden, 15 Mo. 311; Davis v. State, 39 Ala. 521.

In the tick eradication statute involved in the instant prosecution, viz., section 11, c. 60, Acts 35th Legislature, Regular Session Vernon’s Ann. Pen. Code Supp. 1918, art. 1284j), it is provided that -no person shall drive, etc., cattle, etc., located in quarantine territory into any other quarantine territory, etc., without the written permit of an inspector of the live stock sanitary commission of Texas or the United States Bureau of Animal Industry. To legally charge one with violating this law the state’s pleading should allege that the moving of the animal was without the written permit of either an inspector of the live stock sanitary commission of Texas, or of the United States Bureau of Animal Industry. This the information in the instant case did not do; it being only alleged that appellant moved his cattle without obtaining a written permit from an inspector of the live stock sanitary commission of Texas. In refusing to quash the information on the ground that it failed to charge an offense, the learned trial judge fell into error. The case being disposed of under this view, it will not be necessary to discuss the other errors complained of.

The judgment will be reversed and the prosecution ordered dismissed. 
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