Case ID: ny-st-rep_17/html/0639-01.html
Source: Caselaw Access Project
Author: {"author": "Barnard, P. J. \n      Dykman, J.", "license": "Public Domain", "url": "https://static.case.law/"}
Date Created: 2024-08-24T03:29:51.129683

In the Matter of the Estate of John Cocks, Deceased, Adelia Cocks, Petitioner, App’lt, Phebe C. Haviland, Executrix, et al., Resp’ts.
    
      (Supreme Court, General Term,, Second Department,
    
    
      Filed June 25, 1888.)
    
    1. Will—Construction of—Annuity—When to be paid at any event."
    John Cocks, by his will,directed his executors ‘ to invest such suni of my property as will net $1,000, over and above all taxes and assessments, per year, upon bond and mortgage upon real estate, within three months after my decease, and from such sum so invested, to pay to my beloved wife Adelia Cocks, the sum of $1,000 per year from my decease, and to be paid to her so long as she shall remain my widow, unmarried, and no longer, and this provision to my said wife is in lieu of dower.” The executors failed to set apart a fund to raise the annuity, but distributed a large part of- the estate among themselves (they being the residuary legatees). Held, that the testator intended to charge this annuity upon his entire estate, until this fund was set apart. That it was the intention of testator that this annuity be paid at all events. Dykman, J., dissenting.
    53. Same—Right of annuitant to besiduary of estate on account of unpaid annuity.
    The executors had failed to pay said annuity until there was over $10,000 of arrears due, and there was left in the executor’s hands about $4,300 of the principal of the estate. Held, that the widow was entitled to have the entire residue paid to her on account of her annuity. Dykman, J., dissenting.
    3. Same—Payment of annuity—Rule when payable out of income.
    The rule is that a legacy or annuity is payable sorely out of income, and the fund fails to produce the sum required, the legacy abates in proportion to the loss of the capital or fund.
    4. Same—Exception to bule.
    This rule is not universally applicable to all annuities given to be paid out of income. If, from the will, an intention can be discovered that the legacy shall be paid at all events, the intention will not be permitted to be overruled by the direction that the annuity is to be raised out of a particular fund.
    Appeal by Adelia Cocks from that portion of the decree of the surrogate of Westchester county denying her petition to have applied towards the payment of the arrears of her ■annuity the residuary of decedent’s estate now in the hands of the executrix.
    
      James A. Hudson, for app’lt; M. L. Cobb, for executrix et al.; Francis Larkin, for executor et al,; William M. Skinner, Jr., special guardian.
   Barnard, P. J.

John Cocks by his will made a provision for his wife as follows: He directed his executors ‘ ‘to invest such sums of my property as will net $1,000 over and above all taxes and assessments per year upon bond and mortgage, upon real estate in the county of Westchester within three months after my decease, and from such sums so invested, to pay to my beloved wife Adelia Cocks, the sum of $1,000 per year, and to be paid to her by my said executrix sem-annually so long as she shall remain my widow, unmarried, and no longer, and this provision to my said wife is in lieu of dower.”

Although the estate was amply sufficient to provide a fund for the above annuity, if measures to that effect had been taken, it was not done but the residuary legatees who were all named as executors and who had all qualified, divided almost the entire estate which was large, among themselves. They made fitful and uncertain payments on the annuity /for some time and then the payments altogether ceased. The amount now due the widow for back annuities is .$10,175.25 and the estate left is of principal $4,354.70. The decree directs the payment of the interest remaining in the executors hands, to be paid the petitioner and the principal .sum to be invested and the interest on that only to be paid to the widow in lieu of her $1,000 annuity. This is a hard /result and I think one not supported by the cases. It is a well settled rule that where a legacy or annuity is payable solely out of income and the fund fails to produce the sum /required the legacy abates in proportion to the loss of capital or fund.

This rule is not one that is universally applicable to all annuities given, to be paid out of income. If from the will •an intention can be discovered that the legacy shall be paid ■at all events, the intention will not be permitted to be overruled by the direction that the annuity is to be raised out of a particular fund.

The case of Pierrepont v. Edwards (25 N. Y., 128) is a case very much like the present one. A testator gave an annuity payable “ out of the income of my estate.” The property was so unproductive that the income was not equal to the charge on it although the estate had unproductive property to a considerable amount.

The court of appeals held that the legacy was payable to ¡the wife, out of the principal of the estate, because otherwise the wife would get nothing and the residuary legatees would alone be benefited.

The executors were held to be bound to produce an annuity, or in some other way to secure the* payment of the annuity. The present case seems much stronger in favor of the widow. She accepted the annuity in lieu of dower and the testator owed the annuity as purchase money. 2 Redfield on Wills, 747. In the next place the executors have failed to set apart a fund to raise the annuity but have distributed a very large part (some $35,000) of the estate am ong themselves. It is manifest that thé testator intended to charge this annuity upon his entire estate, until this fund was set apart. If the executors, who were the residuary heirs, can reduce the estate by division among themselves and fail to set apart the fund and thus reduce the annuity "to about $200, the result is in every way inequitable.

_ The decree of the surrogate should be modified so as to direct the payment of the entire residue to the widow on account of her annuity with costs to the appellant of this •appeal.

Pkatt, J., concurs.

Dykman, J.

(dissenting)—This is an appeal by the widow of the deceased testator, from so much of the decree of the-surrogate as denies her petition to compel the executrix having custody of the remnant of the estate of John Cox, deceased, to apply the same toward the payment of arreara of annuities due to the petitioner, under the last will and. testament of her said husband. By one of the provisions in the will, the testator directed his executors to invest sufficient of his estate on bonds and mortgages on real estate in Westchester county to produce a net income of $1,000 a-year, and to pay such income over to his widow in half' yearly payments, so long as she should remain unmarried.

All of the children of the testator and his wife, and the-husbands of such of them as were married, were appointed executors of the will, and all of them qualified. No investment was ever made as directed by the will, or any other manner, but the sum of $10,000, was invested in one of the western states, at an interest of 10 per cent, to produce the annuity of $1,000, provided for by the testator in favor of his widow, and the remainder of the estate was divided among the residuary legatees.

All that now remains of the principal of the estate is: $4,350, together with nearly $3,000 of accrued interest, and the amount of the arrears of the annuity due to the widow is equal to the accrued interest, and the principal now remaining, and the question before the surrogate was, whether he should direct the payment of the whole to the widow, and he decided that the widow was entitled only to the accumulated interest of the fund, and such as might accumulate upon the principal hereafter.

It was plainly the intention of the testator that the annuity provided for his wife should be paid out of the income of the money to be invested in her favor for that purpose, and that the body of the estate should remain until the death of the annuitant.

The annuity was to be paid out of the sum invested, the residue of the estate was given in equal shares to the children, and their legacies were to be paid at the end of a year after the testator’s death, and the whole of the estate was thus disposed of by the testator, leaving nothing to which resort could be had to make good any deficiency which might accrue by the misconduct or misfortune of the executors.

Our conclusion is that the widow was entitled only to the interest of the residue of the body of the estate remaining in the executors’ hands, which is given her in the decree from which the appeal is taken, ' and the same should be affirmed with costs.