Case ID: f-appx_73/html/0678-01.html
Source: Caselaw Access Project
Author: {"author": "CARL E. STEWART, Circuit Judge.\n    ", "license": "Public Domain", "url": "https://static.case.law/"}
Date Created: 2024-08-24T03:29:51.129683

MANAGEMENT INSIGHTS, INC., Plaintiff-Counter Defendant-Appellant, v. BAXTER HEALTHCARE CORPORATION, Defendant-Counter Claimant-Appellee.
    No. 02-10229.
    United States Court of Appeals, Fifth Circuit.
    Aug. 18, 2003.
    
      Before KING, Chief Judge and HIGGINBOTHAM and STEWART, Circuit Judges.
   CARL E. STEWART, Circuit Judge.

Management Insights, Inc. (“Mil”) appeals from the district court’s judgment dismissing its claim against Baxter Healthcare Corporation (“Baxter”) for additional compensation that Mil claims Baxter owes for tax support services provided by Mil to Baxter under a contract between the parties. Mil further appeals from the district court’s award of damages to Baxter for Mil’s breach of contract. For the following reasons, we affirm the dismissal of Mil’s claim against Baxter and reverse the district court’s award of contractual damages to Baxter.

FACTUAL AND PROCEDURAL BACKGROUND

In January 1991, Mil and Baxter entered into a contract, the State Tax Benefits Agreement (the “Agreement”), whereby Mil would provide Baxter consulting and tax support services. As outlined in the Agreement, Baxter desired to “obtain certain services from Mil with regard to qualifying for Tax Benefits.” The Agreement further delineated the “Services to be Rendered by MU” as follows:

1. Services to be Rendered by Mil Mil shall exercise its best efforts to assist [Baxter] in qualifying for Tax Benefits available under the Statutes.... Under this Agreement, Mil will provide the following services as appropriate: (a) Research state tax benefit programs; (b) Assist in the identification and collection of necessary data; (c) Edit and match client location data to enterprise zones in Mil’s database; (d) Process necessary state applications for benefits; (e) Determine client eligibility for state programs; (f) Calculate tax benefits; (g) Provide a quarterly report on the status of Mil activity; (h) Prepare an annual tax report and supporting documentation that can be used to file returns with the appropriate taxing authority; and (i) Communicate with state and local agencies.

In return, Baxter agreed to “fully cooperate with Mil in identifying and implementing Tax Benefit programs available under the Statutes.” Specifically, Baxter agreed to furnish certain information to MII within ninety-days, including the amount of state taxes paid by Baxter within the preceding two years, the amount of tax benefits previously claimed by Baxter within the last two years, copies of Baxter’s unemployment compensation returns for the prior two years, information concerning new and existing locations of Baxter’s business operations, and information concerning any future locations, additions, expansions, and remodeling.

Under the Agreement, Baxter was to pay MII a fee equal to twenty percent of the tax benefits “made available to” Baxter by MII “for each and every taxing authority.” This fee was limited each year to “the amount of Tax Benefit actually used to offset a tax liability otherwise owed to a taxing authority.” MII agreed to reimburse Baxter “for any fees paid by [Baxter] to MII with respect to any Tax Benefits which are ultimately disallowed by the taxing authority.”

The initial term of the Agreement was fifteen months. The Agreement further provided for automatic renewal for one-month periods unless canceled by either party upon thirty days written notice. Upon termination, MII is entitled to “its fees with respect to all Benefits which have been made available by MII to [Baxter] even though such Tax Benefits are not available to [Baxter] until after the termination of this Agreement as long as such Tax Benefits are attributable to periods ending on or before the date” of cancellation. Finally, the Agreement contains a merger clause and the following provision concerning Mil’s liability:

(h) IN THE EVENT THAT ANY TAX BENEFITS ARE NOT OBTAINED OR ULTIMATELY DISALLOWED AS A RESULT OF ANY NEGLIGENT ACT OR OMISSION BY MII, THEN MII SHALL REIMBURSE CLIENT FOR ANY FEES PAID TO MII WITH RESPECT TO SUCH DISALLOWED TAX BENEFITS. MII SHALL NOT BE LIABLE, OTHER THAN AS SET FORTH HEREIN, FOR ANY DISAL-LOWANCE OF TAX BENEFITS OR FOR THE RENDITION OF ITS SERVICES UNDER THIS AGREEMENT.

On August 25, 2000, MII brought suit against Baxter in Texas state court, alleging breach of the Agreement. MII asserted that Baxter owed it additional compensation because MII “made available” to Baxter certain state tax credits, Baxter obtained the benefits from these credits, but Baxter did not pay Mil the required twenty-percent fee. On October 13, 2000, Baxter sent MII written notice of its intent to terminate the Agreement. The case was removed to federal court based on diversity jurisdiction. Baxter filed a counter claim alleging that MII breached the Agreement by faffing to provide “documentation support services” during an audit of Baxter’s 1994 and 1995 California state tax returns. After a bench trial, the district court dismissed Mil’s claims with prejudice and awarded $148,632 to Baxter on its counterclaim. Mil appeals.

DISCUSSION

We review the district court’s findings of fact for clear error and its conclusion of law de novo. Triad Elec. & Controls, Inc. v. Power Sys. Eng’g, Inc., 117 F.3d 180, 186 (5th Cir.1997). Under the clear error standard, we will reverse the district court’s findings of fact “only if we have a definite and firm conviction that a mistake has been committed.” Mid-Continent Cas. Co. v. Chevron Pipe Line Co., 205 F.3d 222, 229 (5th Cir.2000). “[W]hether a contract is ambiguous, as well as the interpretation of an unambiguous contract, are questions of law review de novo. Triad Elec. & Controls, Inc., 117 F.3d at 187.

In this case, we look to the law of Texas to provide the rules of contract interpretation. See id. at 191. Under Texas law, a contract is ambiguous if, “after applying established rules of interpretation, the written instrument remains reasonably susceptible to more than one meaning.” Id. In determining whether the contract is ambiguous, we “examine and consider the entire writing in an effort to harmonize and give effect to all the provisions of the contract so that none will be rendered meaningless.” Id.

1. Compensation Due Under the Agreement

The district court held that Mil was not entitled to any additional compensation because it had not performed the necessary services required under the Agreement. MII argues that the Agreement does not require it to perform all of the services delineated in section l(a)-(i). MII contends that its compensation is not dependent on it providing services each and every year, rather that “[t]he only reasonable interpretation is that MII contracted for a right somewhat akin to a royalty.” Under this view, once MII identified a credit to Baxter, that credit was “made available” to Baxter, thus MII would be entitled to twenty-percent of Baxter’s tax savings each year Baxter used the credit. Baxter asserts that the plain language of the Agreement illustrates that it was as an agreement for services, specifically that MII agreed to provide support services in order to assist Baxter in qualifying for tax benefits.

We find that the only reasonable interpretation of the Agreement is that is was an agreement for services. As such, MII is not entitled to compensation for years in which it provided no services. Under the Agreement, MII was entitled to twenty-percent “of the Tax Benefits made available to [Baxter].” (emphasis added). Under the Agreement, MII was obligated to do more than just initially identify a tax credit in order to reap this benefit every year the tax credit was utilized. MII was entitled to compensation for those years in which Baxter reaped a benefit from Mil’s consulting and tax support services by way of a tax savings and MII assisted Baxter in reaping this benefit. Although the Agreement does not require that MII perform each and every one of the delineated services each year, we are unpersuaded by Mil’s contention that the language “MII will provide the following services as appropriate” indicates that Mil need not perform any services in order to reap twenty-percent of the benefit Baxter received in tax savings for a given year. After considering the entire writing, see Triad Elec. & Controls, Inc., 117 F.3d at 191, we are persuaded that the Agreement is unambiguously an Agreement for services and that Mil’s construction is unreasonable. For these reasons, we affirm the district court’s decision that Mil is owed no additional compensation under the Agreement.

II. Counterclaim

Baxter claimed the California Manufacturer’s Investment Tax Credit (“MIC”) for tax year 1995 based, in part, on work performed by MIL Mil retained the supporting documentation it compiled for this credit. In December 1999, Baxter’s claim was audited by the California taxing authorities. As a result of the audit, Mil provided Baxter with copies of the invoices it had compiled in support of the California MIC. As part of the audit, Baxter received an information and document request (“IDR”) concerning the California MIC. Baxter asserts that it requested that Mil “provide the appropriate services to help defend the audit.” Specifically, on December 27,1999, Baxter forwarded Mil a copy of the IDR along with a letter which indicated that Baxter was not “pursuing the necessary documentation for any items subject to the MIC” valued under $10,000. The letter indicated, however, that “Mil may on its own, -wish to use its resources, to further pursue the requested necessary documentation for the items listed which are less than this amount.” The letter further stated the following:

If you have any additional information or support that Mil has gathered and ■wishes to provide to the CA Auditor regarding any of the IDR listed items, please provide us with that documentation just as soon as possible. If we are unsuccessful in gathering the additional support, information and documentation that has been requested by the CA auditor for the Mil listed 1994 and 1995 Hyland assets, no CA MIC will be applicable to these purchases.

Baxter claims that Mil breached the Agreement by failing to provide documentation support services to assist Baxter in defending the audit. Unlike the district court’s extensive findings concerning Mil’s claim for additional compensation under the Agreement, with regard to the counterclaim the district court simply found that Mil’s failure to provide the services requested by Baxter constituted a breach of the Agreement and awarded Baxter $148,632 in damages, i.e. the cost incurred by Baxter to retain outside audit support services. Mil argues that it was not obligated to provide post-filing audit support services. We agree. Upon a careful review of the record, we find no evidence to support the district court’s finding. The resolution of this issue turns on the plain language of the Agreement.

Under the Agreement, Mil was to perform the following services as appropriate: “Assist in the identification and collection of necessary data; ... Prepare an annual tax report and supporting documentation that can be used to file returns with the appropriate taxing authority.” Mil was not obligated to provide services beyond what it did — it produced the documentation it had compiled in support of filing the claimed credit. If the parties had intended for Mil to bear the burden of defending against an audit, which most certainly these parties contemplated might occur, the Agreement would have clearly stated this duty. The Agreement does not clearly state such an obligation, nor allude to one. Accordingly, we reverse the district court’s award of contractual damages to Baxter.

CONCLUSION

For the reasons stated above, we AFFIRM the district court’s dismissal of Mil’s claim against Baxter and REVERSE the award of contractual damages to Baxter. 
      
       Pursuant to 5th Cir. R. 47.5, the court has determined that this opinion should not be published and is not precedent except under the limited circumstances set forth in 5th Cir. R. 47.5.4.
     
      
      . Exhibit A to the Agreement contained a list of tax benefits that Baxter was currently claiming as of the date of the Agreement. Under the Agreement, MII could not claim compensation for assisting Baxter in procuring these tax credits.
     
      
      . Mil further asserts that it is owed additional compensation resulting from the use of the Louisiana Inventory Franchise Tax Credit ("LITC”) by Allegiance, a spin-off company of Baxter. MII performed services pertaining to the LITC and made the LITC available to Baxter. As such, MII argues that it should be paid for Allegiance’s use of the LITC during 1996. The district court determined that "Mil failed to present evidence that Allegiance took the [LITC] for tax year 1996.” After reviewing the record, we agree.
     
      
      . We further reject Mil's argument that it is entitled to attorney's fees under the Agreement whether or not it prevails in this action.
      
        Under the Agreement, Mil is entitled to attorney’s fees ‘‘[i]n the event it becomes necessary for Mil to enforce its rights under this contract.” Because we have rejected Mil’s claims that it is owed additional compensation, Mil has not enforced any "rights" under the Agreement.
     
      
      . This point is belied by the Agreement's provision limiting Mil's liability for negligent acts or omissions to reimbursement of any fees paid to Mil with respect to any disallowed tax benefits. As the Agreement clearly states, "Mil SHALL NOT BE LIABLE, OTHER THAN AS SET FORTH HEREIN, FOR ANY DISALLOWANCE OF TAX BENEFITS OR FOR THE RENDITION OF ITS SERVICES UNDER THIS AGREEMENT.”