Case ID: f-appx_403/html/0251-01.html
Source: Caselaw Access Project
Author: {"author": "", "license": "Public Domain", "url": "https://static.case.law/"}
Date Created: 2024-08-24T03:29:51.129683

UNITED STATES of America, Plaintiff—Appellee, v. Adolfo SANDOVAL-GALVEZ, Defendant—Appellant.
    No. 09-10523.
    United States Court of Appeals, Ninth Circuit.
    Argued and Submitted Nov. 1, 2010.
    Filed Nov. 16, 2010.
    Leta M. Hollon, Assistant U.S., James R. Knapp, USPX-Office of the U.S. Attorney, Phoenix, AZ, for Plaintiff-Appellee.
    James Sun Park, Counsel, Phoenix, AZ, for Defendant-Appellant.
    
      Before: NOONAN, PAEZ and BE A, Circuit Judges.
   MEMORANDUM

Adolfo Sandoval-Galvez (“Sandoval-Galvez”) appeals his conviction for a violation of 8 U.S.C. § 1326. He contends that the district court abused its discretion when it admitted into evidence certified copies of immigration records documenting his eight prior illegal entries and related removals. We affirm.

The district court’s evidentiary rulings are reviewed for abuse of discretion. United States v. Lynch, 367 F.3d 1148, 1159 (9th Cir.2004). If evidence is improperly admitted, reversal is appropriate only if the error was not harmless. United States v. Derington, 229 F.3d 1243, 1247 (9th Cir.2000). “If, on the record as a whole, consideration by the jury of the evidence for that purpose would not have likely changed its decision, then the error was harmless.” Id.

Sandoval-Galvez contends that the district court abused its discretion under Federal Rules of Evidence 404(b) and 403 when it allowed the government to introduce evidence of eight prior illegal entries and related removals to prove that Sandoval-Galvez knowingly and voluntarily entered the United States on the date in question.

We need not resolve this question, because even assuming that the district court abused its discretion, the admission of evidence documenting his eight prior entries and removals was harmless error. United States v. Romero, 282 F.3d 683, 688 (9th Cir.2002). The government provided a significant amount of other evidence to show that Sandoval-Galvez knowingly and voluntarily crossed into the United States. Sandoval-Galvez admitted to Border Patrol agents that he was headed to Los Angeles and he knew that it was unlawful to cross into the United States. Border Patrol agents tracked a single set of footprints from the Colorado River to Sandoval-Galvez’s location and confirmed that his shoes matched the tracks. Given this additional evidence, any error in admitting Sandoval-Galvez’s eight prior entries and removals was harmless.

AFFIRMED. 
      
       This disposition is not appropriate for publication and is not precedent except as provided by 9th Cir. R. 36-3.