Case ID: ark_119/html/0462-01.html
Source: Caselaw Access Project
Author: {"author": "Kirby, J.", "license": "Public Domain", "url": "https://static.case.law/"}
Date Created: 2024-08-24T03:29:51.129683

Pitts v. State.
    Opinion delivered June 21, 1915.
    1. CRIMINAL PROCEDURE — INDICTMENT SPECIAL JUDGE. — AU indictment returned by the grand jury into court and received by a special judge occupying the (bench, who was not elected to try the particular case, is valid.
    2. Iaquor — illegal sale — “blind tiger.” — Evidence (held sufficient to support a conviction of defendant for the illegal sale of liquor by the “blind tiger” device.
    Appeal from Sebastian Circuit Court; Fort Smith. District; Paul Little, Judge;
    affirmed.
    
      G. T. Wetherby, for appellant.
    1. The court erred in not quashing the indictment. The indictment must be brought into court, presented by the foreman of the grand jury and filed with the clerk. The special judge had no authority to receive the indictment. Kirby’s Digest, § 2226; 33 Ark. 815; lb. 180; 24 Id. 626.
    2. The verdict was contrary to the laiw and the evidence. Defendant was not charged with selling liquor, but with keeping same for sale, by means of a device known as a “blind tiger.” The presence of liquor in the building raises no presumption of guilt. The goods were lawfully there, and no prima facie ease was made by the testimony. The sale by the girl was an open one; there was no device.
    
      Wm. L. Moose, Attorney General, and Jno. P. Streepey, Assistant, for appellee..
    1. There is nothing in the bill of exceptions to show that the indictment was received by a special judge. 107 Ark. 29.
    2. The evidence sustains .the conviction. 45 Ark. 176.
   Kirby, J.

Appellant prosecutes this appeal from a judgment of conviction, for violating the liquor laws, upon the charge of selling liquors in a certain building in Fort Smith, upstairs and down, known as the “Social 'Club Saloon Building,” by device known as a “blind tiger,” and urges for reversal that the court erred in refusing to quas'li the indictment, ¡and that-the verdict is not supported by sufficient testimony.

In the.motion to quash, it was ¡alleged that the indictment charging the ¡appellant with the offense was returned into ¡court by a grand jury -and received ‘and filed by a special judge, who was duly ¡elected for the hearing of certain other cases, and occupying the bench at the time of the return of the indictment.

The motion for a new trial states that the court erred in refusing to ¡allow appellant to prove by the court record that the indictment was returned into court and received by the special judge elected to try other cases, and also that the court refused this offer, stating ¡that he had investigated the matter, and 'knew that the indictment had been returned into court before him, the regular judge.

The bill of ¡exceptions does not contain any testimony whatever relative to the matter, nor the court’s refusal to grant the motion to quash, -except the statement in the motion for a new trial, that it was denied because the court had investigated the matter, and knew that the indictment was regularly returned into court while the regular judge was presiding.

It is doubtful if there is anything in the record that requires a decision of the question whether ¡an indictment may be returned by the grand jury into court and received by a special judge occupying the bench, who was not ¡elected to try the particular case. The record does not disclose what particular cases or defendants, the special judge was elected to try, and the notation ¡at the top of the page of the court record showing certain indictments returned into open court by the grand jury (Jno. H. Vaughan, special judge), is-not conclusive that the indictment herein was not received when the regular judge was presiding.

Treating the question as raised, however, we do not think the fact that an indictment was received in open court from the grand jury and docketed by order of the special judge presiding would affect its validity or furnish sufficient grounds for it being-quashed. The law only requires that the indictment he returned into open court' by the grand jury and filed with the clerk, and there is no reason why the special judge holding court may not have this done.

The purpose of having the indictment so returned is to give it authenticity as a formal charge against the defendant made ¡by the grand jury and the special judge holding the court in which it is so returned has authority to receive the indictment returned by the grand jury, and make the appropriate orders for filing and docketing, whether it is in a case to he tried by him or not. He is the court for all such purposes at the time, even though he may have been elected only to try particular eases.

It appears from the testimony that appellant was a licensed liquor dealer in the city of Fort Smith, and that his saloon was closed on the 1st of August, 1914, on account of the provisions of Act No. 59 of the Legislature of 1913, not having been complied with.

The stock of liquors, according to his statement, was kept downstairs in his house, above which a rooming house was conducted, until it could be determined whether the sale of liquors would again be authorized in Fort Smith.

C. J. Flocks testified his place of business was next to that of appellant; that appellant would frequently come in and ask him if he wanted a drink, they would go upstairs and get a bottle of beer, that he paid appellant for it or rather give him 25 cents for the two bottles of beer that they drank. Appellant brought the beer into the front room upstairs; they sat by a small table with a crochet cover on it and drank it, and that he laid down a quarter on the table upon leaving. That he did this twice; that he had before been drinking with appellant, and thought he ought to begin paying for the drinks. He had been accustomed to drinking in appellant’s saloon before it was closed by operation of law.

Another witness testified that he understood there was liquor for sale upstairs in Pitts’ place, after the saloon was closed, and upon two occasions went up the stairs into this room and saw a girl, who inquired what he wanted. That upon his replying ‘ ‘whiskey,’ she went out of the .room 'and shortly returned bringing the quantity of liquor he called for and he paid her the money and went out.

Appellant testified that he knew nothing whatever about the whiskey being purchased from the girl; that he did not authorize the .sale of it, and stated that it was evidently stolen by the girl and one Jones, who had worked for him, and that he had discharged her on that account. He stated that he kept the upstairs of his house for a .rooming house, and was only keeping the liquors down stairs, waiting to see if the saloons could not be again opened upon the first o.f the year. This girl had the key to the down stairs part of the building, or could get it any time on applying to appellant’s wife, and he said she was supposed to go down through the saloon to get into the back yard, as it was the most convenient way.

He admitted having invited Flocks to his place to take a drink with him, but denied that he had ever been paid any money by Flocks, or that he had ever seen any left upon the table by him.

The testimony, we think, is sufficient to sustain the verdict. It was the purpose of the statute, under which appellant was indicted, as said in Glass v. State, 45 Ark. 176, “to suppress clandestine or indirect salds of liquors in communities where open sales could not be licensed, and also in communities where a license might have been obtained, but the 'seller undertook to sell without one.”

The blind tiger is a device'or contrivance resorted to to evade the operation of the law by the liquor seller who sought to ply his vocation, and at .the same time to conceal his criminal agency in the action of selling. Glass v. State, supra.

Here was appellant’s house,'with the upstairs conducted as a rooming house, and a stock of liquors in the lower story formerly conducted as a saloon, with a girl in his employ who had access to the liquors, and who fur-mshed. persons who inquired upstairs therefor, with the kind 'and quantity desired, after going out of the room, where it was ordered ¡by the prospective customer and getting it, iand took the pay therefor.

It is true the appellant said he had no knowledge of the liquors being sold by this girl, and received none of the money therefor, and that he discharged her upon ascertaining the condition, but the jury looked not with favor upion his ¡statement.

There is no error in the record, and the judgment is affirmed.

¡Smith, J., dissents.