Case ID: ad_97/html/0545-01.html
Source: Caselaw Access Project
Author: {"author": "Hatch, J.:", "license": "Public Domain", "url": "https://static.case.law/"}
Date Created: 2024-08-24T03:29:51.129683

Benjamin F. Dexter, Appellant, v. Supreme Council of Royal Templars of Temperance, Respondent.
    
      Mutual benefit insurance certificate — issuance of a duplicate for a lost certificate, / when required by the by-laws—power to provide that the lost certificate become canceled — rights of a subsequent assignee of the lost certificate — the assignment becomes effective on the death of the person insured — who may object that an •assignee is not within the authorized class of beneficiaries — assignment to one as his interest may appear.
    
    A mutual benefit insurance association issued a benefit certificate to James E. Dexter, payable on his death to his wife, Emily F. Dexter. Thereafter the said James B. Dexter, upon an affidavit in which he claimed that the original certificate had been lost, applied for and obtained, in accordance with the laws of th.e insurance association, a certificate, which, except for some change in phraseology, was a duplicate of the original certificate. The by-laws of the association provided that upon the issuance of a duplicate certificate the original certificate became canceled.
    Subsequently, in 1900, James E. Dexter and his wife executed a written assignment of the duplicate certificate to Thomas Wilson “as his interest may appear.” The said James E. Dexter died June 17, 1902, and on the day after his death Emily F. Dexter, the beneficiary named in both the duplicate and the original certificates, assigned the original certificate, which had never been surrendered to the insurance association, to Benjamin F, Dexter.
    In an action brought by Benjamin F. Dexter against the association to recover upon the original certificate, it was
    
      Seld, that as the by-laws of the insurance association made provision for the issuing of a duplicate certificate in case of the loss of the original, it was the duty of the insurance association, when compliance had been made with the by-laws in this respect, to issue such certificate;
    
      That it was competent for the insurance association to provide that the original! certificate should become canceled immediately upon the issuance of the duplicate certificate;
    That the original certificate being a non-negotiable instrument Benjamin F. Dexter could not claim any rights under the assignment thereof, upon the* theory that he was a bona fide holder thereof;
    That while the assignment of the duplicate certificate made to Wilson was ineffective during the lifetime of the' insured, it became effective when, by the death of the insured, the contingent interest of the beneficiary had ripened into-a vested right;
    That the assignment to Wilson,, having been executed by the beneficiary for a* valuable consideration and having been assented to by the insured, the beneficiary was estopped from attacking the validity of such assignment on the-.ground that Wilson was not within the class of beneficiaries contemplated by the laws of the association;
    That such objection could be raised only by the association itself.
    
      Semble, that while the assignment of the original certificate to Benjamin F.. Dexter did not create any legal liability against the insurance association, it-might still be good as an equitable assignment of the funds secured to be paid, to the beneficiary if there were no intervening rights, and that as -the assignment to Wilson of the duplicate certificate was only as his interest might, appear, Benjamin F. Dexter would be entitled to the balance of the fund, if' any, remaining after payment of the sum due to Wilson.
    Appeal by the plaintiff, Benjamin F. Dexter, from a judgment of the Supreme Court in favor of the defendant, entered in the office of the clerk of the county of New York on the» 24th day of February, 1904, upon the decision of the court rendered after a trial before the court without a jury at the New York Trial Term.
    
      W. H. Vcm Bteenbergh, for the appellant.
    
      W. W. Thompson, for the respondent.
   Hatch, J.:

This action is brought by the plaintiff as assignee of an original mutual benefit certificate issued by the defendant on March 27r 1879, to James E. Dexter, the insured, now deceased, in the sum of $2,000, payable upon his death to his wife, Emily F. Dexter. It: appeared that on the 17th day of March, 1897, the insured duly-filed with the defendant his affidavit, stating that the original certificate, which this action is brought to enforce, was lost and he» applied for the issuance of a duplicate thereof to take its place. Thereupon the defendant on the 27th day of March, 1897, made compliance with such application and issued to the insured a duplicate certificate in accordance with the rules and by-laws of the defendant, and thereupon by force of its by-laws' the original certificate became canceled and the duplicate became the only evidence of liability of the defendant. The beneficiary in the duplicate certificate remained the same as in the original. On April 30,1900, the insured, James E. Dexter, for value received, assigned and transferred such duplicate certificate to Thomas Wilson, or his order, to be paid as his interest may appear. This assignment was attached to the duplicate certificate. On July 5, 1900, Emily F. Dexter, the beneficiary in the certificate, also executed an assignment in writing of the 'certificate unto the said Wilson, which assignment provided that the same * * * be paid to him or his order as his interest may appear.” This assignment was also attached to the duplicate certificate. Wilson, the assignee, died in May, 1902, and his executor has brought an action against this defendant in the District of Columbia and claims to recover the full amount secured to be paid by the duplicate certificate. That action is now pending undetermined. Pursuant to an order of the' court made in the District of Columbia, the defendant has been directed to pay the amount secured to be paid by the duplicate certificate into the Supreme Court of the District of Columbia to abide the final determination of such action and it has complied with such direction. The insured, James E. Dexter, died in Washington, D. O., on the 17th day of June, 1902. On the day after his death Emily F. Dexter, the beneficiary under both the original and duplicate certificates, assigned to Benjamin F. Dexter, the plaintiff in this action, the original certificate, which, it appears, had never been surrendered to the defendant by the insured. Such assignment was sealed and acknowledged before a notary public of the District of Columbia and it recited that it was to be for all dividend, benefit, and advantage to be had or derived therefrom, subject to the conditions of the said policy, and to the rules and regulations of the company.’' This assignment and also the assignments to Wilson recited upon their face to have been made for value received. After a trial had the court decided that the plaintiff was not entitled to recover upon the original certificate and judgment was entered thereon dismissing ' the complaint upon the merits, with costs, and from such judgment . this appeal is taken. The application made by the insured for the issuance of a duplicate certificate complied with the laws and rules of the order and the same was issued in conformity with its laws. By the express provision of section 24 of such' laws, the original certificate became canceled. immediately upon the issuance of the duplicate. These provisions were for the benefit and protection of the society and constituted a part of the contract between the insured and the society. (Thomas v. Thomas, 131 N. Y. 205 ; Boasberg v. Cronan, 30 N. Y. St. Repr. 483; Bird v. Mutual Union Assn., 30 App. Div. 346.) Under the laws of the -order provision ivas made for the issuing of a duplicate certificate in case of loss of the original, and when compliance was had with the laws in this respect, the society became obligated to issue it. (Coyne v. Bowe, 23 App. Div. 261; Wilson v. Bryce, 43 id. 491.) Being required to issue a duplicate certificate, it necessarily follows that it was authorized in its by-laws to provide what should be the force and effect of such action and to make provision that the duplicate should constitute after its issuance the only outstanding obligation of. the society for that insurance. The verbal discrepancy between the duplicate and the original certificate is not of consequence. There is no difference in matter of substance. The only change is in phraseology, and no doubt is raised as to the fact that the duplicate certificate was intended to and did take the place of the original certificate immediately upon its issuance, and, therefore, it together with the laws and rules of the association constituted the only contract in existence between the insured and the society and the original certificate from that date ceased to have any force and effect. ’ (Moan v. Normile, 37 App. Div. 614.) The certificate is a nonnegotiable instrument and no claim can be based upon the theory that the plaintiff is a bona fide holder, and, therefore, entitled to protection. (McCormick v. Supreme Council, 6 App. Div. 175.) It may be conceded that the beneficiary in the certificate acquired no vested interest therein which was the subject of an assignment, either with or without the consent of the insured, and an assignee from both the insured and the beneficiary would not acquire any right to enforce the same until the contingent interest of the beneficiai'y had ripened into a vested right. (Sabin v. Phinney, 134 N. Y. 423.) But rights acquired by virtue of an assignment made for value while not presently enforcible may, nevertheless, operate as a valid enforcible agreement when the contingent interest has ripened into an existing right and the condition of the parties remain unchanged by any intervening lights of third parties or other equities. In Kimball v. Lester (43 App. Div. 27) it was held that an assignment for a valuable consideration of a benefit certificate, executed by the beneficiary and consented to by the insured, operated to transfer the interest so assigned immediately upon the contingent interest of the beneficiary becoming vested, and that under such circumstances the beneficiary was estopped from denying the validity of the assignment, even though the law of the society did not authorize the assignee to become a beneficiary- of the fund secured to be paid. Upon appeal to the Court of Appeals that decision was affirmed without opinion (167 N. Y. 570). This decision would seem to be conclusive of the plaintiff’s contention upon this appeal. There is no essential distinction in fact between that case and the present. The assignment in each case was executed < during the lifetime of the insured, the law of each society excluded the assignee from that class of persons who could be made beneficiaries, and yet the court held tha-t the assignment upon the vesting of the interest became enforcible as an agreement which the beneficiary was estopped from repudiating. It was further held that the objection that the limitation upon the class of persons who might receive the benefit was only available to the society. There the society raised no question, and it was held that the beneficiary could not. The same is true in the present case.

It is said that this conclusion is in conflict with the decision of McCord v. McCord (40 App. Div. 275), relied upon by the learned court below. If it be in conflict, then to the extent that it holds that the assignment could not become operative upon the vesting of the interest, it must be regarded as overruled by the decision last considered. We do not, however, think the two cases necessarily conflict. The fund in the MeGord case, by the express provisions of the statute authorizing its creation and the law adopted pursuant thereto for its government, provided for a gift and gratuity to the family of the deceased. Under such claim the beneficiary was not ascertained until death. The insured had no pbwer to nominate the recipients of the gratuity, and in fact it was not insurance in the sense as usually' understood and as practically applied by insurance companies and beneficial societies,' It was an incident peculiar to membership in the corporation or association, and until paid over was so intangible as to property right and to a named beneficiary as to exclude any assignable right or interest. As said by Mr. Justice Cullen in Kemp v. New York Produce Exchange (34 App. Div. 175): “ It was the intention to create provision for the family of the deceased member, which should be beyond the hazard of loss from pecuniary misfortune.” In the Kimball case, on the contrary, the decision of the court proceeded upon the theory that the benefit certificate was to be regarded, as a policy of insurance. It is not necessary, however, that we go so far as to hold that it has all of the elements of a policy of insurance, and is, therefore, subject to the statutory provision authorizing an assignment of such policies. (See Dom. Rel. Law [Laws of 1896, chap. 272], § 22.) It is sufficient now to say that the courts recognize and enforce assignments' made during the life of the insured as operative agreements upon the death of the insured and the vesting of the interest in the beneficiary. x

It is quite probable that the assignment of the original certificate, while not operating to create any legal liability against the society, may yet be held to be good as- an equitable assignment of the fund secured to be paid to the beneficiary, and, if there were no intervening rights, would vest title in the assignee to the fund, as such condition would entitle the assignee to the benefit of equitable considerations. • (Field v. Mayor, etc., of New York, 6 N. Y. 179 ; Lahey v. Lahey, 174 id. 146.) In the; present case, however, the assignment to Wilson became operative prior to the assignment to the plaintiff, in consequence of which he is superior in right. Such assignment, ' however, is not absolute of the whole fund, but only as his interest may appear, and this would be limited in amount to the extent of the payment which he made; at the time of the execution of the assignment with interest thereon, and if there be any remainder after discharging such sum the plaintiff may show himself entitled thereto. The defendant is in nowise estopped by the payment of $200 for the funeral benefit, Such payment was made without knowledge of the facts and upon the supposition that it was claimed under the duplicate certificate. There is, therefore, no element of ■estoppel created by such act.

It follows that the judgment should be affirmed, with costs.

Van Brunt, P. J., Patterson, O’Brien and Laughlin, JJ., •concurred.

Judgment affirméd, with costs.