Case ID: ad3d_124/html/1264-01.html
Source: Caselaw Access Project
Author: {"author": "", "license": "Public Domain", "url": "https://static.case.law/"}
Date Created: 2024-08-24T03:29:51.129683

Ariane Crewe, Respondent, v Tatjana Pisanova et al., Appellants.
    [3 NYS3d 798]—
   Appeal from a revised order of the Supreme Court, Oneida County (David A. Murad, J.), entered October 23, 2013. The revised order denied in part the motion of defendants for summary judgment.

It is hereby ordered that the revised order so appealed from is unanimously affirmed without costs.

Memorandum: Plaintiff commenced this action seeking damages for injuries she sustained in a motor vehicle accident when the vehicle she was driving was rear-ended by a vehicle operated by defendant Tatjana Pisanova and owned by defendant Nikolay Pisanov. Defendants moved for summary judgment dismissing the complaint on the grounds that plaintiff did not sustain a serious injury within the meaning of the four categories of serious injury set forth in plaintiffs bill of particulars (see Insurance Law § 5102 [d]), and did not sustain economic loss in excess of the $50,000 threshold for basic economic loss (§ 5102 [a]). Supreme Court granted the motion only with respect to the permanent loss of use category of serious injury, and defendants contend on appeal that the court should have granted their motion in its entirety. We affirm.

The court properly denied defendants’ motion with respect to the remaining three categories of serious injury. With respect to two of those categories, i.e., permanent consequential limitation of use and significant limitation of use, we note that “ ‘[w]hether a limitation of use or function is significant or consequential (i.e., important. . .) relates to medical significance and involves a comparative determination of the degree or qualitative nature of an injury based on the normal function, purpose and use of the body part’ ” (Matte v Hall, 20 AD3d 898, 899 [2005], quoting Toure v Avis Rent A Car Sys., 98 NY2d 345, 353 [2002]; see Dufel v Green, 84 NY2d 795, 798 [1995]). Objective proof is required to prove such limitations (see Matte, 20 AD3d at 899; Leahey v Fitzgerald, 1 AD3d 924, 925 [2003]). Here, defendants’ own submissions raise triable issues of fact with respect to those categories (see Thomas v Huh, 115 AD3d 1225, 1225 [2014]; Summers v Spada, 109 AD3d 1192, 1192 [2013]).

Defendants’ expert opined that plaintiff did not have a serious injury within the meaning of those two categories, based upon his examination of plaintiff and his review of plaintiffs medical records. The expert concluded, inter alia, that plaintiff did not sustain a serious injury because she did not have radicular pain. In addition, however, defendants submitted an electromyography study of plaintiff in support of their motion, indicating that plaintiff suffered from “moderate chronic left C5-6 radiculopathy.” Further, when defendants’ expert reviewed plaintiffs medical history, it was admittedly missing the first page of that electromyography study. That is the page containing the conclusion that plaintiff has “moderate . . . radiculopathy,” and we thus conclude that the basis for the expert’s conclusion was thereby undermined. Consequently, defendants failed to eliminate all triable issues of fact with respect to the permanent consequential limitation of use and significant limitation of use categories (see Mugno v Juran, 81 AD3d 908, 909 [2011]; Lesser v Smart Cab Corp., 283 AD2d 273, 273-274 [2001]; see also Little v Ajah, 97 AD3d 801, 802 [2012]). Even assuming, arguendo, that defendants met their initial burden with respect to those two categories, we conclude that plaintiff raised triable issues of fact. Plaintiff submitted the affidavit of her treating chiropractor and a report from her expert physician, which discussed plaintiffs inability to return to pre-loss activity levels, abnormalities she exhibited in her spine, and the likelihood that plaintiff will continue to experience physical problems even when the injuries heal.

Defendants also failed to meet their burden with respect to the 90/180-day category of serious injury, inasmuch as their own submissions again raise a triable issue of fact (see Thomas, 115 AD3d at 1225; Summers, 109 AD3d at 1192). “To qualify as a serious injury under the 90/180[-day] category, there must be objective evidence of a medically determined injury or impairment of a non-permanent nature ... as well as evidence that plaintiffs activities were curtailed to a great extent” (Zeigler v Ramadhan, 5 AD3d 1080, 1081 [2004] [internal quotation marks omitted]; see Licari v Elliott, 57 NY2d 230, 236 [1982]). Here, defendants rely on plaintiffs deposition testimony addressing how her activities were curtailed as of the time of the deposition, over a year after the accident, rather than how they were curtailed during the relevant statutory period, and the report of their expert physician, “who did not examine plaintiff during the relevant statutory period and did not address plaintiffs condition during the relevant period” (Robinson v Joseph, 99 AD3d 568, 569 [2012]; see Lowell v Peters, 3 AD3d 778, 779-780 [2004]).

Finally, we reject defendants’ contention concerning plaintiffs alleged failure to sustain economic loss in excess of basic economic loss. “[P]laintiff[ ] correctly contend[s] that [she] need not await the full $50,000 payout for basic economic losses . . . before making a claim under Insurance Law § 5102 (a) for those additional economic losses that exceed the basic economic loss threshold” (Wilson v Colosimo, 101 AD3d 1765, 1767 [2012]; see generally Montgomery v Daniels, 38 NY2d 41, 47-48 [1975]; Colvin v Slawoniewski, 15 AD3d 900, 900 [2005]; Barnes v Kociszewski, 4 AD3d 824, 825 [2004]; Watkins v Bank of Castile, 172 AD2d 1061, 1062 [1991]). Here, the three-year period in which plaintiff may accrue economic loss in excess of basic economic loss, as set forth in Insurance Law § 5102 (a) (2), commenced on the date of the accident and had not yet elapsed when the motion was decided. Therefore, summary judgment on this ground was premature.

Present — Smith, J.R, Peradotto, Valentino, Whalen and DeJoseph, JJ.