Case ID: us_215/html/0122-01.html
Source: Caselaw Access Project
Author: {"author": "Mr. Justice Whtte", "license": "Public Domain", "url": "https://static.case.law/"}
Date Created: 2024-08-24T03:29:51.129683

HANOVER NATIONAL BANK OF NEW YORK, APPELLANT, v. SUDDATH, AS RECEIVER OF AMERICAN NATIONAL BANK OF ABILENE (NO. 2).
    APPEAL FROM THE CIRCUIT COURT OF APPEALS FOR THE SECOND .CIRCUIT.
    No. 13.
    Argued April 20, 1909.
    Decided November 29, 1909.
    Where a bank, after refusing to discount paper sent to it by the insolvent for that purpose, has retained the paper, it cannot, as against general creditors, set off against that paper, or its proceeds, the bankrupt’s overdraft although made after such refusal and pending the. retention of the paper.
    153 Fed. Rep. 1022, affirmed.
    The facts are stated in the opinion.
    
      Mr. Percy S. Dudley for appellant:
    The Hanover Bank was entitled in equity to set off the-advance made against the notes which it held. Scott v. Armstrong, 146 U. S. 499; Carr v. Hamilton, 129 TJ. S..252; Scam-mon v. Kimball, 92 U. S. 362; Bispham’s Equity, 7th ed., 1905, § 327; 2 Bolles’ Modem Law of Banking, 742; Bolling Mill v. Ore & Steel Co., 152 U. S. 596, 615; Schuler v. Israel, 120 U. S. 506; Armstrong v. Chemical Bank, 41fFed. Rep. 234; Bank v. Massey, 192. U. S. 138. In. New York the-set-off would have been allowed under the Code. Pera v. Wickham, 135 N. Y. 223; DeCamp V. Thompson, 159 N. Y. 444; Empire Feed Co. v. Chatham Bank, 30'App. Div. 476; Thompson v. Kessel, 30N. Y. 383; G. & H. Co. v. Hall, 61 N. Y. 226/236; Brown v. Buckingham, 21 How. Pr. 190.
    
      
      Mr. Edward B. Whitney, with whom Mr. Francis F. Old-ham was on the brief, for appellee:
    . There is no question of set-off, legal or equitable, in the case, nor is there any equity in the bill. The receiver’s case was really one in replevin. N. Y. Code of Civ. Pro., §§ 1718,1726, 1730, and see also § 501; 2 Abbot’s Form of Pleading, 869; Moffatt v. Van Doren, 4 Bosw. 609; 1 Nichols N. Y. Prac. 972, and cases cited; Dinan v. Coneys, 143 N.' Y. 544.
   Mr. Justice Whtte

delivered the opinion of the cdurt.

This is an outgrowth of a litigation between the same parties, which we have just decided in case No. 12, and we shall therefore refer to the banks as we' did in No. 12, the one as the Abilene Bank and the other as the Hanover Bank. On October 11, 1906, in reversing the judgment entered in that action on the first trial in -favor of the Hanover Bank, the Circuit Court of Appeals observed (149 Fed. Rep. 127, 130):

“The contention for the defendant in error that it was entitled to set off or counterclaim the indebtedness owing to it by the Abilene Bank when the latter became insolvent, is wholly untenable. Such a defense is not available in an action at law for conversion, and, if the defendant had any right, of equitable setroff, this should have been asserted by a bill in equity.”

On November 20, 1906, as we have seen, at the second trial of the action at law the court directed the jury to find a verdict in favor of the Abilene Bank. A few days afterwards the bill in this cause was filed on behalf of the Hanover Bank, the receiver of the. Abilene Bank being the. defendant, the suit,it is intimated, having been commenced because of the statement made by the Circuit Court of Appeals in the passage from its opinion above quoted. The course of dealing between the two banks, the execution of the written agreement, the •forwarding of the four notes for discount, the refusal to discount, the overdrawing by the Abilene Bank of its aeóount With the Hanover Bank, the allowance of the overdraft and the temporary loan of $3,500, the collection of three of the notes and retention of a sufficient sum to cancel the indebtedness created by the overdraft and the surrender of the balance to the receiver, .together with the uncollected note, were alleged in the bill substantially as we have stated them in the opinion in No. 12. The commencement and prosecution of the action at law was next averred and the various steps in that litigation were detailed, culminating in an averment of the rendering upon the second trial of the action at law of a verdict in favor of the Abilene Bank for $3,725.86. It was charged that the receiver was threatening to enter judgment upon the verdict. Averring a right in equity.to offset the indebtedness due to it by the Abiléne Bank on January 18, 1905, against the demand of that bank or its receiver for the four notes or their proceeds, the Hanover Bank prayed that its set-off might be allowed against the receiver, and that he be enjoined from further prosecuting the action at law. A demurrer to the bill was sustained and a dismissal was entered. The decree was affirmed by the Circuit Court of Appeals (153 Fed. Rep. 1022), and the cause was then brought here.

The decision just announced in case No. 12 establishes the want of equity in the bill. The mere possession of the notes by the Hanover Bank after its refusal to discount them did not justify that bank in relying upon the notes as collateral security for the indebtedness which arose from the voluntary payment of the draft drawn by the Abilene Bank upon the Hanover Bank, when there were no funds in the latter bank to meet the draft. The notes forwarded January 9 and 10 were sent to be discounted, and the draft drawn on January 11, which created the overdraft, was presumably drawn upon the faith that those.notes would be discounted, and that the draft would be paid out of the proceeds. As matter of fact, however, the Hanover Bank recouped itself out of the proceeds of but' one of the notes, together with the proceeds of note» subsequently forwarded to it. In view of the fact that the Hanover Bank not only notified the Abilene Bank that the notes would not be discounted, but also by telegram in effect demanded that the Abilene Bank should forward funds to meet its drafts, the'assumption cannot be rightfully indulged that the Hanover Bank allowed the overdraft in the belief that the silence of the Abilene Bank signified that it expected the draft to be paid, and that to enable the payment the Hanover Bank might use the notes sent for discount as it saw fit. It is not contended that there was an express agreement between the parties that the draft which created the overdraft should be paid, and that the funds should be realized' in the mode pursued by the Hanover Bank. Considering the transaction either from the standpoint of the forwarding of the notes for discount and the making of the draft, or from the standpoint of the sending of the notes for discount, Sand the failure of the Abilene Bank; to forward funds or to promptly make.known to the Hanover Bank its wishes in the matter, we are of the bpinion that the circumstances of the transaction were not such as to raise the presumption of agreement for a set-off available as against the general creditors. Scott v. Armstrong, 146 U. S. 499.

Affirmed,