Case ID: f-appx_15/html/0002-01.html
Source: Caselaw Access Project
Author: {"author": "PER CURIAM.", "license": "Public Domain", "url": "https://static.case.law/"}
Date Created: 2024-08-24T03:29:51.129683

UNITED STATES, Appellee, v. Edwin COTTO SANTIAGO, a/k/a Sealed Defendant 8, a/k/a El Gato, a/k/a El Nino, a/k/a El Loco, a/k/a El Pequeno, Defendant, Appellant.
    No. 00-1495.
    United States Court of Appeals, First Circuit.
    July 10, 2001.
    
      Ignacio Fernandez de Lahongrais, on Anders brief, for appellant.
    Edwin Cotto Santiago, on brief, pro se.
    Guillermo Gil, United States Attorney, Jorge E. Vega-Pacheco, Assistant United States Attorney, and Thomas F. Klumper, Assistant United States Attorney, on brief, for appellee.
    Before BOUDIN, Chief Judge, TORRUELLA and SELYA, Circuit Judges.
   PER CURIAM.

Defendant’s counsel has submitted an Anders brief and motion to withdraw, asserting that there are no meritorious issues to be raised on appeal. See Anders v. California, 386 U.S. 738, 744, 87 S.Ct. 1396, 18 L.Ed.2d 493 (1967); 1st Cir. Loc.R. 46.4(a)(4). Defendant Edwin Cotton Santiago has filed a pro se brief claiming ineffective assistance of counsel and sentencing error. He seeks only to be re-sentenced, not to withdraw his guilty plea. As required by Anders, we have conducted a full examination of the proceedings. Based on that examination, we conclude that this appeal is wholly frivolous as it presents no issue having an arguable basis in law or fact.

This case was consolidated for purposes of briefing and argument with five appeals by co-defendants and the government has filed a single brief in all six appeals. However, this is the only case in which defense counsel has filed a motion to withdraw and an Anders brief. Accordingly, we are issuing a separate opinion in this case.

Santiago pled guilty to a single count of a multi-count indictment charging him and twenty co-defendants with conspiring “to possess with intent to distribute more than one kilogram of heroin, and to distribute more than one kilogram of heroin,” in violation of 21 U.S.C. §§ 841(a)(1) & 846. The statutorily prescribed penalty for that quantity of heroin is a mandatory minimum of ten years and a maximum of life imprisonment. After pleading guilty, San-' tiago filed a pro se motion seeking dismissal of his indictment on double jeopardy grounds, which the court denied. The probation department calculated a guideline sentencing range of 121 to 151 months, as set forth in the presentence investigation report. Santiago received a ten-year sentence (the statutory mandatory minimum).

In his pro se brief, Santiago indicates that he does not seek to withdraw his guilty plea. In any event, we agree with appellant’s counsel that the change-of-plea hearing covered all of the necessary points. Appellant’s counsel also correctly concluded that there was no meritorious issue pursuant to Apprendi v. New Jersey, 530 U.S. 466, 120 S.Ct. 2348, 147 L.Ed.2d 435 (2000). “By its own terms, the holding in Apprendi applies only when the disputed ‘fact’ enlarges the applicable statutory maximum and the defendant’s sentence exceeds the original maximum.” United States v. Caba, 241 F.3d 98, 101 (1st Cir.2001). Here, the statutory maximum was dictated by Santiago’s guilty plea to a count that specified a drug quantity of “one or more kilograms” of heroin. He received a sentence well below that original maximum.

Similarly, our review of the record indicates that the district court did not err in denying Santiago’s motion to dismiss his indictment on double jeopardy grounds. We focus only on the counts to which Santiago pled guilty “because in the taking of pleas jeopardy ordinarily does not attach to counts which are dismissed and on which no finding of guilt is made.” United States v. Riverar-Feliciano, 930 F.2d 951, 954 (1st Cir.1991). Santiago pled guilty in the United States District Court for the Eastern District of New York to one count of conspiracy to import heroin (encompassing the time period of the present conspiracy charge). In this case, Santiago pled guilty to one count of conspiracy to possess with intent to distribute and to distribute heroin. Those offenses each contain an element not contained in the other. See United States v. Gomez-Pabon, 911 F.2d 847, 861-62 (1st Cir.1990). Therefore, the Double Jeopardy Clause does not bar this prosecution. See United States v. Dixon, 509 U.S. 688, 696, 113 S.Ct. 2849, 125 L.Ed.2d 556 (1993).

In his pro se brief, Santiago claims ineffective assistance of counsel resulting in a sentencing error. The crux of his argument is that counsel was ineffective in allowing him to agree to a guideline sentencing range (“GSR”) of 121 to 151 months. He argues that the stipulated facts incorporated in the plea agreement supported a finding of a drug quantity of only 375 grams of heroin, corresponding with a base offense level (“BOL”) of 26. That BOL would have yielded a GSR of 70 to 87 months. “We do not normally consider ineffective-assistance-of-counsel claims on direct appeal.” United States v. Natanel, 938 F.2d 302, 309 (1st Cir.1991). However, this case falls within the following exception to that rule:

[W]here the critical facts are not genuinely in dispute and the record is sufficiently developed to allow reasoned consideration of an ineffective assistance claim, an appellate court may dispense with the usual praxis and determine the merits of such a contention on direct appeal.

Id.

Even if the applicable GSR should have been 70 to 87 months (an issue that we need not decide), the sentencing guidelines would not permit imposition of a sentence below the statutory mandatory minimum of 120 months. See U.S.S.G. § 5Gl.l(b) (“Where a statutorily required minimum sentence is greater than the maximum of the applicable guideline range, the statutorily required minimum sentence shall be the guideline sentence.”). Santiago does not dispute that he has more than one criminal history point, which precludes application of the safety valve provision and imposition of a sentence below the statutory minimum. See 18 U.S.C. § 3553(f). Therefore, he cannot meet the prejudice prong of the ineffective assistance of counsel test. Santiago received the lowest sentence permitted by statute for the count to which he pled guilty.

Counsel’s motion to withdraw is granted and appellant’s conviction and sentence are affirmed. See 1st Cir.Loc.R. 27(c). 
      
      . The only sentencing error that we detect is in Santiago’s favor. It appears that the district court erred in imposing the statutory mandatory minimum sentence even though that sentence was below the GSR. See U.S.S.G. § 5G1.1. We do not correct that error, however, because the government did not deign to file a cross-appeal.