Case ID: ky_132/html/0046-01.html
Source: Caselaw Access Project
Author: {"author": "Chief Justice Settle", "license": "Public Domain", "url": "https://static.case.law/"}
Date Created: 2024-08-24T03:29:51.129683

CASE 4. — PROSECUTION AGAINST DANIEL BO'ONE WATSON. JR., FOR MURDER.
    February 11.
    Watson v. Commonwealth
    Appeal from Lee Circuit Court.
    J. P. Adams, Circuit Judge.
    Defendant convicted, and appeals.
    Reversed.
    1. Criminal Law — Appeal and Error — Review—Questions of Fact ■ — Conclusiveness of Verdict. — A conviction, based on the testimony of a single witness, will not be disturbed on the ground that the verdict is against the weight of the evidence.
    2. Criminal Law — Evidence—Other Offenses. — On a trial for murder in a local option county, it was error to admit evidence as to a sale of liquor by the 'accused to the deceased and his commpanion shortly before the homicide and as to a conviction of the accused some time before the homicide for selling liquor without license, where such offenses were not connected with the homicide and neither supplied a motive for it or threw any light upon the question whether it was necessary.
    3. Homicide — Trial—Instructions.—The omission to charge upon defendant’s right to kill to protect himself and the members of his family from injury and insult was error, where there was evidence that deceased grossly insulted defendant’s wife and other members of his family after entering defendant’s home and refused to leave when ordered to go.
    GOURLEY, RED WINE & GOURLEY, J. M. McDANIEL and B. G. WILLIAMS for appellant.
    JAS. BREATHITT, Attorney General, and TOM B. McGREGOR, Assistant Atomey General, for Commonwealth.
    (No briefs' — record out of office.)
   Opinion of the Court by

Chief Justice Settle

Reversing.

The appellant, Daniel Boone Watson, Jr., shot and killed Daniel Boone Horn at his (appellant’s) residence December 25, 1907. Shortly thereafter the grand jury of Lee county found and returned in the circuit court of that county an indictment against appellant for the homicide, in which he was charged with the crime of murder. The trial in the circuit court resulted in a verdict from the jury finding appellant guilty of voluntary manslaughter and fixing his punishment at confinement in the penitentiary two years. Failing to obtain a new trial in the circuit court, he by this appeal seeks a reversal of the judgment of conviction'.

The Commonwealth introduced but one witness on the trial, Hiram Horn, a cousin and brother-in-law of deceased, who testified: That a short time before the homicide he (deceased) and Yes Lynch stopped at appellant’s home on their way to Sparks’ store and purchased of him a pint and a half of whiskey. From there they went to Sparks’ store, about 200 yards distant, where they remained some time, perhaps two hours, and then returned to appellant’s house; all being by that time intoxicated. That upon reaching appellant’s house Lynch left the witness and deceased and went to his own home. After Lynch left them deceased insisted that witness again go with him into appellant’s house, without stating his object in wishing to- do so; but witness declined to enter the house with deceased, and the latter entered it himself, witness remaining on the outside. Witness did not see what happened when deceased first entered the house, but heard loud talking, and through the open door saw appellant’s wife run across the room once or twice and deceased following her. Witness then went into- the house and saw appellant behind a stove with a pistol in his hand and heard him tell deceased if he did not leave the house he would shoot him. At that time deceased, according to- the witness’ recollection, was in front of appellant and in the direction of the door, and just after appellant said he would shoot the pistol in his hand went off, and when it did so deceased, whose body received the pistol ball, fell out of the door to the ground and immediately died. Witness said he did not see a knife in the hand of deceased, and that he did not have a knife in his hand.

Appellant’s- version of the homicide differed very widely from that of the single- witness for the’Commonwealth-. He- denied that he sold any whisky that day to- deceased or to his companions, and said they bought it elsewhere and before coming to his house.' He also testified: That when deceased returned to his house he was drunk and commenced to use indecent and vulgar language and to make indecent proposals to his wife in the presence of appellant, his little daughter, a Miss .Duke, his nephew Walker Watson, and George Durbin; the last three being visitors to the family. That, seeing deceased was drunk, appellant remonstrated with him and informed him if he did not stop such talk he would have to leave the house, whereupon deceased said he intended to have intercourse (using an unmentionable word) “with the whole damn shooting match before he left the house,” and then kicked one of the little girls under the piano, and another upon the forehead with such force as to cut the flesh. When this occurred Miss Duke and Durbin escaped to a room-upstairs, and appellant’s wife into an adjoining room, where she was followed by deceased, who caught her by the dress-, told her he loved her better than did her husband, and attempted to throw her skirts over her head. Appellant further testified: That at this juncture he faced deceased with his pistol and told him that if he did not at once leave the house he would shoot him; that, instead of leaving the house as ordered, deceased advanced upon him and attempted to cut him with a knife, and did in fact cut his clothing in several places; that at the same time the Commonwealth’s witness, Hiram Horn, who had in the- meantime entered the room, also 'advanced upon appellant with a knife in his hand, seeing which, and believing himself and family in imminent danger of death or great bodily harm at the hands of deceased and Hiram Horn, he shot first at the former and then at the latter, with the result that the one was killed and the other driven from the house. Immediately after the shooting appellant informed Sparks of what he had done, and then went to the county seat and surrendered himself to the civil authorities for trial. Appellant’s nephew Walker Watson, corroborated his, version of the homicide in every particular, being an eyewitness to all that occurred. Durbin’s testimony was to the same effect. He did not, however, see the shooting, as it took place after he ran upstairs; but after getting upstairs he stood near the head of the stairway and heard much of what passed between appellant and deceased at the time of the shooting. In addition to the foregoing testimony, appellant proved by one Charles Williams that ’deceased two weeks before the homicide asked him to go with him to appellant’s home saying he intended to have intercourse wdth appellant’s wife (again using an unspeakably vulgar word to indicate the act), if he had to run appellant into the river or kill him. Evidence was also introduced in appellant’s behalf to prove, and which did' prove, that deceased, when intoxicated, was a man of brutal passions and bad character, and he also' proved for the purpose of affecting the credibility of the Commonwealth’s witness, Hiram Horn, that he admitted he was very much intoxicated at the time of the homicide, and also, in substance, that appellant was compelled to kill deceased for the protection of his family.

In view of the foregoing facts, it must be conceded that there is some ground upon which to rest appellant’s, complaint that the verdict of the jury was contrary to the weight of the evidence. If appellant and his witnesses told the truth the killing of the deceased was clearly justifiable. Indeed, if such indignities and violence were inflicted by deceased upon appellant’s wife and children as appellant and Ms witnesses testified to, fie would have been unworthy of the name of husband or father had he tamely submitted to them. We are, however, without power to disturb the verdict of the jury upon the ground that it was contrary to the weight of the evidence. Whatever may be our opinion as to whafr the finding of the jury, upon the evidence presented, should have been, we cannot afford to disregard the right of the jury, in the exercise of the discretion with which the law clothes them, to accept the testimony of the single witness introduced in behalf- of the Commonwealth in preference to that of appellant and his several witnesses. There were, however, two errors committed by the circuit court in the progress of the trial, either of which will compel a reversal of the judgment complained of. The first of these errors consisted in the admission by the circuit court of incompetent and prejudicial evidence, and the second in failing to instruct the jury upon the whole law of the case. The evidence allowed to go to the jury with respect to the sale of whisky by appellant to deceased and Ms companions, shortly before the homicide, and as to the conviction of appellant in the Lee circuit court, some time before the homicide, for selling wMsky without license, was manifestly incompetent, and’ should have' been excluded when objected to by counsel for appellant.' If these transgressions against the law were committed by appellant, they were in no way connected with the homicide. They neither supplied a motive for that unfortunate occurrence, nor threw any light upon the question of whether it was or was not necessary. The only purpose and effect of the introduction of the evidence in question was to inflame and -excite prejudice in the minds of the jury against appellant; Lee county being a county in which local option prevails, and the local authorities having been put to great trouble in enforcing it. This court has repeatedly declared such testimony, where: not a part of the res gestae, incompetent in a case such as this. Combs v. Commonwealth, 93 Ky. 313, 20 S. W. 221, 14 Ky. Law Rep. 283; Baker v. Commonwealth, 106 Ky. 212, 50 S. W. 54, 20 Ky. Law Rep. 1778; Saylor v. Commonwealth, 97 Ky. 184, 30 S. W. 390, 17 Ky. Law Rep. 100; Pennington v. Commonwealth, 51 15. W. 818, 21 Ky. Law Rep. 543.

The instructions given by the trial court were proper, but they did not embrace all the law of the case. There were certain features connected with the case that differentiate it from the ordinary homicide. The killing occurred at the slayer’s home and in his: house. According to the Commonwealth’s witness, deceased upon entering the house commenced to behave in a boisterous manner, and, if his conduct was as described by appellant and his witnesses, it was appellant’s right and duty to protect the members of his family from injury or insult from deceased; and if for this purpose he requested or ordered deceased to leave the house, and he refused to go, appellant had the right to use such force as was reasonably necessary to eject him. The court 'therefore, in addition to the instructions given, should have instructed the jury upon this feature of the case in substance as follows: “If the jury believe from- the evidence that the deceased, Daniel Bo.one Horn, after entering appellant’s house, in the presence and hearing of his family or guests, used obscene language, or assaulted any of the members of his family, appellant had the right to command him to leave the house, and, if he refused to do so, to eject him therefrom by the use of such force as was. necessary, or appeared to appellant reasonably necessary to that end. And if the jury further believe from the evidence that appellant to protect his family or guests from such obscene language, or family from such assault, if any or either, ordered deceased to leave the house, and the latter failed or refused to leave, and appellant then believed, and had reasonable grounds to believe from the conduct of deceased and all the circumstances, that he or any member of his family was then in danger of death or great bodily harm at the hands of the'deceased, he had the right to use such force as was necessary, or reasonably appeared to him to be necessary, for his or their protection, even to the shooting of deceased, and, if he so shot and killed the deceased under these circumstances, the jury should acquit him.”

Appellant complains of other errors, but, as they were not prejudicial, we deem it unnecessary to consider them. Being of opinion, however, that the error of the lower court in admitting the incompetent evidence to which we have referred, and in failing to fully instruct the jury, prevented appellant from receiving a fair trial, the judgment is reversed, and cause remanded for a new trial consistent with the opinion.