Case ID: ad_168/html/0225-01.html
Source: Caselaw Access Project
Author: {"author": "Laughlin, J. :", "license": "Public Domain", "url": "https://static.case.law/"}
Date Created: 2024-08-24T03:29:51.129683

Austin B. Fletcher and Katharine Thomasine Braker, as Executors, etc., of Henry J. Braker, Deceased, Appellants, v. John MacGinniss, Respondent.
    First Department,
    May 21, 1915.
    Pleading — counterclaim in action by executor — necessary allegations — capacity in which plaintiff sues — identity of parties —identity of contract sued upon — date of maturity of demand on which counterclaim is based — allegations necessary to comply with section 506 of the Code of Civil Procedure.
    A counterclaim must be complete in itself. Thus, although the complaint in an action brought by an executor to recover damages for deceit practiced upon his testator shows that the plaintiff sues as executor, which fact is admitted by the answer, a counterclaim based on a written agreement executed by the testator must allege that the plaintiff against whom it is asserted is an executor and it is not sufficient that he appears as such in the title of the action.
    So, too, the counterclaim should show that the contract upon which it is based is the one which the complaint alleges the decedent was induced to execute by fraud, and it is not technically sufficient that the date and nature of the contracts are the same.
    So, too, technically, it must be alleged that the parties to the contract were the same, although it be alleged that the names are the same, and it appears by the counterclaim and by the complaint that the person who executed the contract has died. It must appear by the allegations that said counterclaim existed at the time of the death of the testator so that it can be asserted as against his executor under the provisions of section 506 of the Code of Civil Procedure. Said counterclaim is bad on demurrer where it does not show whether the disbursements for which recovery is sought were made on the contract before or after the testator’s death, for in the latter case they are not proper subjects of counterclaim.
    A mere allegation that the amount was duly demanded does not show by necessary implication that the moneys sought to be recovered were expended by the defendant before the death of the testator or that the defendant was entitled to the money at the time he made the demand.
    Appeal by the plaintiffs, Austin B. Fletcher and another, as executors, etc., from an interlocutory judgment of the Supreme Court in favor of the defendant, entered in the office of the clerk of the county of New York on the 26th day of February, 1915, overruling a demurrer to the counterclaim set up in the answer.
    
      S. A. Crummey, for the appellants.
    
      Jacob J. Schwebel [Charles Miller with him on the brief], for the respondent.
   Laughlin, J. :

This action is brought to recover $3,642.95 damages for deceit.

The plaintiffs allege that their testator, who died on the 1st day of September, 1908, leaving a last will and testament, upon which letters testamentary were issued to them, was induced on or about the 5th day of June, 1908, by specified false and fraudulent representations made by the defendant, upon which he relied, to agree to pay to the defendant the sum of $11,283.65, to be used for the payment of certain indebtedness for labor and otherwise ” theretofore incurred for the erection of a mill upon certain mining properties owned by one Beal, situate in German Gulch, Silberia Mining District, Silver bow county, Mont., in consideration for which payment the defendant agreed that plaintiffs’ testator should have a twenty-two and one-half per cent interest in the defendant’s interest in said mining properties, which was falsely represented to be two and one-half per cent, and a twenty-two and one-half per cent interest in any and all profits that might be realized “from the operations or flotation of any company or companies based on the said mining properties,” and the payment by him to defendant on account of $3,642.95. The answer admits the payment of the money, the death of Braker on the 1st day of September, 1908, the probate of his will and the appointment of the plaintiffs as his executors on the 22d of September, 1908, and the demand for the repayment of the money; but puts in issue all of the other material allegations of the complaint. The defendant then pleads under the heading: “Further answering the complaint herein, and by way of counterclaim, the defendant alleges” that on the 5th day of June, 1908, Henry J. Braker, deceased, by an agreement in writing, a copy of which was thereto annexed and made a part thereof, agreed to pay the defendant the sum of $3,642.95, and did pay it at the time of signing the agreement, and also agreed to make the further payment of $7,640.70 from time to time as provided for and set forth in the agreement; that the defendant expended for the purposes mentioned in the agreement and in the manner therein specified the sum of $7,922.95 and received on account thereof only the sum of $3,642.95, and that there is due and owing to the defendant pursuant to the agreement the sum of $4,280, together with interest thereon from the 30th day of December, 1911, no part of which has been paid, although duly demanded, and judgment is demanded for that amount.

The agreement is in the form of a letter written by Henry J. Braker to the defendant, and contains a written indorsement of an acceptance by the defendant. The letter, so far as material, recites in substance that Braker understood that the defendant was interested in a mining venture having for its object the exploitation of several placer and quartz mines located at the place specified in the complaint, all but two and one-half per cent of which had been deeded to the Montana Gold Mountain Mining Company, and that the defendant owned the remaining one-fortieth interest, and that a mill had been erected on the property on which indebtedness amounting approximately to $11,283.65 was owing, and against which certain liens had been filed; that in consideration of an agreement by Braker to pay the indebtedness to the extent of $11,283.65, he was to have a twenty-two and one-half per cent interest in the syndicate engaged in developing and testing the ores on the property, “in other words, twenty-two and one-half per cent of the one-fortieth owned outright, and twenty-two and one-half per cent of any and all profits that may be realized directly or indirectly from your operations or flotation of any company or companies based on the above mentioned properties; ” and that he accepted “ this proposition with the understanding that you will make an effort to settle the various bills that make up this indebtedness as advantageously as possible to the syndicate, and that I am personally to be credited with any difference between the amount paid and the $11,283.65,” and that he therewith presented his check for $3,642.95, the amount then due for labor, and authorized the defendant to draw on him from time to time “as settlement is arrived at with the remaining creditors, not exceeding however, a total of $7,640.70 in addition to the $3,642.95 herewith.”

The demurrer is upon the ground that it appears upon the face of the alleged cause of action set forth as a counterclaim that it “ does not state facts sufficient to constitute a cause of action.” Many objections of a somewhat technical nature are interposed to the counterclaim. It is not alleged in the counterclaim that the contract upon which it is based is the contract which it is alleged in the complaint the decedent was induced by fraud to execute, although the date and the nature of the contracts are the same. Nor is it alleged that the parties to the contract were the same, although it is alleged that the names are the same, and it appears by the counterclaim, as well as by the complaint, that the Braker who made the contract has died. The counterclaim does not show that the plaintiffs are the executors of Braker, although that fact is alleged in the complaint and admitted, but it is neither alleged nor referred to in the counterclaim, otherwise than appears by the title of the action. The general rule is that a counterclaim must be complete in itself. (Cragin v. Lovell, 88 N. Y. 258; Roldan v. Power, 14 Misc. Rep. 480. See, also, Reiners v. Brandhorst, 59 How. Pr. 91; Victory Webb, etc., Mfg. Co. v. Beecher, 55 id. 193; McKenzie v. Fox, 29 N. Y. St. Repr. 106; Douglass v. Phenix Ins. Co., 138 N. Y. 209; Sbarboro v. Health Department, 26 App. Div. 177; Davenport v. Walker, 132 id. 96.) These objections, therefore, should have been obviated by appropriate allegations.

The appellants contend that it is not alleged that the counterclaim existed at the time of the death of Braker, which they claim is essential where it is interposed against his executors. They rely on the provisions of section 506 of the Code of Civil Procedure, which provides that in an action brought by an executor or administrator, in his representative capacity, a demand against the decedent belonging to the defendant at the time of the death of the decedent may be set forth as a counterclaim, the same as if the action had been brought by the decedent. This objection is, I think, insuperable. The counterclaim does not show whether the disbursements for which it is interposed were made on the contract before or after Braker’s death. If they were made after, it would not be a proper counterclaim. (Jordan v. National Shoe & Leather Bank, 74 N. Y. 467; Throop’s Note on Counterclaim, 3 N. Y. Civ. Proc. Rep. 226; Peyman v. Bowery Bank, 14 App. Div. 432.) The respondent endeavors to meet this objection on the theory that Braker became' forthwith obligated to pay the entire ■ amount of $11,283.65 on the acceptance of the letter constituting the contract. I am unable to agree with that construction of the contract. The letter shows that the check inclosed with it covered the amount then due for labor; and it is quite clear that Braker did not obligate himself to pay the balance until notified that settlements had been arrived at with the remaining creditors, at which time he agreed that the defendant might draw on him. There is no allegation as to when those settlements were made, or that the defendant ever drew on the decedent in accordance With the contract. There is a further attempt to sustain the pleading on this point on the theory that the allegation in the counterclaim that the amount was duly demanded is an allegation by implication that the moneys had been paid by the defendant before the death of Braker; but the allegation that the amount was duly demanded cannot be construed as equivalent to an allegation that the defendant was entitled to the money at the time the demand was made. It merely means that if he was entitled to the money at that time he made a due demand therefor.

It fellows that the interlocutory judgment should be reversed, with costs, and the demurrer sustained, with costs, hut with leave to the defendant to amend on payment of the costs of the appeal and of the demurrer.

McLaughlin and Clarke, JJ., concurred; Ingraham, P. J., and Scott, J., concurred in result.

Judgment reversed, with costs, and demurrer sustained, with costs, with leave to defendant to serve amended answer on payment of costs in this court and in the court below.