Case ID: njl_53/html/0550-01.html
Source: Caselaw Access Project
Author: {"author": "Scudder, J-.", "license": "Public Domain", "url": "https://static.case.law/"}
Date Created: 2024-08-24T03:29:51.129683

THE STATE, EX REL. SAMUEL A. HELFER, PROSECUTOR, v. C. IRVING SIMON.
    1. “An act to authorize cities of the second class to extend the term of' office and fix the rate of compensation of certain officers therein,”' passed May 3d, 1889 (Pamph. L., p. 328), is local and special, in reguh lating the internal affairs of cities, within the constitutional prohibition.
    2. The appointment of a city physician for Hoboken by the mayor, and, confirmation by less than a majority of councilmen, is void under this act, but the subsequent election by four councilmen, a majority of a quorum, is valid under the charter.
    3. A certiorari to review the resolution of council making an appointment under the special law will not stay another election under the-charter.
    On rule to show cause why a writ of quo warranto• should! not, issue to show by what warrant or authority the respondent claims to use the office, &c., of city physician of the city of Hoboken.
    Argued at February Term, 1891, before Justices- Depue, Van Sycicel and Scuddek.
    For the relator, William, 8. 8tukr.
    
    For the defendant, William D. Daly.
    
   The opinion of the court was delivered by

Scudder, J-.

On July 23d, 1889, the-mayor of the city of Hoboken appointed the relator city physician for- the ter mi of three years, ending May 1st, 1892!,, under the act of May 3d, 1889. Pamph. L., p. 328. This- law, in terms, authorizes-such appointment to be made, with- the confirmation of the-common council by a majority vote. The communication from the mayor of his nomination of the relator for city physician was received by the common- council at a meeting held July 23d, 1889, and it appears by the minutes that four-councilmen voted to confirm the nomination,, three votedi against it and one was absent. The entire number of councilmen was eight, two from each of the four wards into which Hoboken is divided. A majority vote of common council would be five votes, and four would not be sufficient to confirm the nomination if this law is to govern the appointment.

We are, however, satisfied that it is not constitutional. The title of the act is “An act to authorize cities of the second class to extend the term of office and fix the rate of compensation of certain officers therein.” The first section enacts “ that in all cities of the second class in this state, wherein they have an officer known as city physician, the mayor of any such city shall appoint such officer, and the board of' aldermen or other legislative body of said city, by a majority vote, confirm said appointment,” &c. The second section is merely a repealer.

The title is not general, but limits its application to all cities of the second class, and relates to extending' the term and fixing the compensation of certain officers therein. The body of the act is even more objectionable than the title, for it confines its operation to cities of the second class wherein they have an officer known as city physician; this is a subdivision of classification that makes the purpose of the act very apparent to control the appointment of ’city physician in certain cases. Such legislation is unconstitutional, and the title of the act, though attempting to be more general in its terms, is local and special in its object. It is not within the ruling in Bumsted v. Govern, 18 Vroom 368, where the general purpose and title of the act were to produce uniformity in the selection and duties of directors of the boards of chosen freeholders of the state, though it applied alone to the county of Hudson; for this title is not general, but distinctive and exceptional, as it relates to some cities and certain officers in those cities, and the body of the act is still further limited to the appointment of a single officer.

Mortland v. Christian, 23 Vroom 521, gives the principle of classification in a statute relating to the counties and municipalities of this state and their internal affairs, based on their population, that the legislative object must be one naturally incident to population. In this case there has been no reason assigned, nor is it apparent, why an officer known as city physician, in a city of the second class, should have a different appointment, with a term fixed by the mayor and an annual salary to be allowed by the legislative body confirming the appointment, from a physician to be appointed and compensated in a city of the first class, or of the third class. Population cannot, have any j ust reference to this distinction between these classes by which the middle class is separated from the others. The act regulates the internal affairs of cities; it is local and special within the constitutional prohibition, and void; and the appointment of Plelfer under it is also a nullity.

It appears that, subsequent to this action by the mayor and common council, the latter met December 3d, 1889, and four councilmen voted for the appointment of Heifer, two' against it, one declined to vote, and one was absent. It is not necessary to determine what would be the legal effect of the refusal to vote by a member of council who was present when the vote was taken, and the result announced that the nominee was elected, for, without his vote, there were four cast for Heifer, which number, being a majority of a quorum present, was sufficient to elect. McDermott v. Miller, 16 Vroom 251. The charter of Hoboken enacts that the councilmen, or a majority of' them, in council assembled-, by not less than four concurring votes, shall and may, from time to time, elect certain officers; and section 32 says that a majority of the council shall constitute a quorum for the transaction of business. A part of their business is to protect the health of the city, and while a city physician is not named in section 40, giving the number of votes required, the power of a quorum of seven councilmen to elect by a majority of four can hardly be doubted where there is no special restriction. It is further objected that, at the time of this second appointment of Heifer by the common council, the resolution of July 23d, 1889, under which he first claimed, had been removed to this court by certiorari, which was still undetermined. It is contended that this operated as a stay of all further proceedings by ■council to elect a city physician pendente lite. Simon v. Hoboken, 23 Vroom 367. The writ would stay any action under the resolution. While it was under review in this ■court it would act as a supersedeas in the cause or matter removed for revision (Hunt v. Lambertville, 17 Id. 59),'but it would not prevent the council from passing another resolution electing a city physician under another law, if, in their judgment, the health of the city required it. This court having determined that the first action of the mayor and common council was a nullity, nothing was in the way of another appointment which was legal by the charter of the city. So far as the public are concerned, it is more important that the duties of the office shall be performed than that any particular person shall be appointed to fulfill them. This second appointment, made under a different statute, the charter of the city, and by a subsequent and distinct resolution, must stand or fall upon its own merits.

The rule to show cause will be made absolute, and a quo warranto issued.