Case ID: ny-st-rep_35/html/0849-02.html
Source: Caselaw Access Project
Author: {"author": "Macomber, J.", "license": "Public Domain", "url": "https://static.case.law/"}
Date Created: 2024-08-24T03:29:51.129683

Joseph Z. Culver, Resp’t, v. Jane M. Pullman et al., Impl’d, App’lts.
    
      (Supreme Court, General Term, Fifth Department,
    
    
      Filed January 23, 1891.)
    
    1. Usury—Evidence insuepicent to prove.
    In an action to foreclose a mortgage given to secure endorsements made and to be made for defendant, the answer set up usury as to a certain transaction. The only evidence as to the usury was given by defendant, who testified that she made no bargain with plaintiff ; that she went with her agent D._ to get the money he was getting for her ; that D. had a conversation with plaintiff and that she overheard the latter say “I am to have the $300,” and that D. replied in the affirmative. Held, insufficient to prove usury.
    
      2. Same—Damages.
    In such action it appeared that under a promised loan of $3,000 plaintiff advanced only §2.700 and has withheld the remaining $300. Reid, that his measure of damage could only he the amount which he> actually advanced.
    Appeal from a judgment entered in Monroe county on the 19th day of June, 1890, on the report of a referee, directing a foreclosure of a mortgage and a sale of the mortgaged premises.
    
      Myron T. Bly, for app’lts ; Hiram L. Barker, for resp’t.
   Macomber, J.

The mortgage in question was given by the defendant Jane M. Pullman to the plaintiff as security for the payment of any promissory notes which might be endorsed by the plaintiff for her, and to save the plaintiff harmless from loss on account of any liability upon such paper.

On the day of the date of the mortgage, namely, April 29,1889, the defendant Jane M. Pullman made her promissory note at four months in the sum of $3,000, with interest, payable to the order of the plaintiff, and the same was endorsed by the plaintiff, and the money, less the sum of $3,000, was received by the maker through the Traders’ National Bank.

It is claimed in behalf of the plaintiff that the Traders’ National Bank discounted the note at the request of Mrs. ■ Pullman. The referee has found in the second finding of fact that the note was discounted by this bank for her, and the entire proceeds thereof paid to her order by the bank. In the eighth finding, it is found that the check was paid by the bank, but that there is no proof as to the person to whom such payment was made. By the seventh finding it appears that, as a part of this transaction, the plaintiff prepared theoheck upon this bank to the order of “ self or bearer,” and the defendant Pullman signed the same. Mrs. Pullman never had other business transactions with this bank, and had no account there other than such as was placed to. her credit by the plaintiff; nor did she go to the bank, or see any of its officers in this transaction. It is apparent that the instrumentality of the bank was brought into requisition by the plaintiff in order to enable him, without incurring the loss of the principal, to charge more than the legal rate of interest for the money which he, and not the bank, was actually loaning upon the promissory note.

But this is wholly unavailing to the plaintiff, provided the fact exists that there was an usurious and corrupt agreement between him and the defendant, the one to pay and the other to receive the sum of $300 in addition to the legal rate of interest. The plaintiff must be treated as the real party in interest, both in respect to the mortgage and the note. Being such, the plea of usury is available to the defendant against him, and if he received, under a corrupt and usurious agreement, more than the lawful rate of interest for the loan, his security is invalid under the statute.

The question, therefore, is whether the evidence is sufficient to charge the plaintiff with having entered into an usurious and corrupt agreement with the defendant Pullman to take the sum of $300 over and above lawful interest for this loan. That the sum of $300 was actually withheld from the defendant by the plaintiff, and that the defendant received only $2,700 upon her promissory note stands conceded in the case. Though the evidence would appear to have been near at hand to show the real character of the-transaction, and to stamp it with a taint of usury, yet it was not brought forward.

The only evidence upon this subject was given by Mrs. Pullman herself, who, after saying all the business was carried on by her agent, Daveny, says: “ I made no bargain with Culver; I had nothing to do with Mr. Culver excepting that I went with Mr. Daveny down to Mr. Culver’s office to draw the money which Daveny was getting for me, Mr. Daveny and Mr. Culver had some conversation in which I took no park All of the conversation which I overheard between the plaintiff and Daveny was as follows: Culver looked up at Daveny, and said: ‘ I am to have the three hundred dollars ? ’ Daveny answered: ‘Yes.’ ”

This is the only competent evidence given in behalf of the defense on this subject. It clearly fails to show any usurious or corrupt agreement under the statute, and consequently such evidence was properly overruled by the referee. Daveny, though present at the trial, was not called as a witness.

Yet the defendant is not wholly remediless under the facts even as proven and as found. As has been stated, she received from the plaintiff only $2,700 upon her note of $3,000.

The evidence of the bank clerk shows that the sum of $3,000 was drawn upon the check, and though he does not know to whom it was paid, it is clear, from the circumstances of the case, that it all went into Mr. Culver’s hands. The sum of $300 still remains in his hands. The transaction, therefore, should be treated solely as one between the plaintiff and the defendant Pullman. From the whole case and findings it appears, therefore, that under a promised loan of $3,000 the plaintiff has advanced only $2,700, and has withheld the remaining $300. Were he to bring an action upon the note after taking it up, his measure of damages would be the amount which he paid, which would be $2,700. The amount for which this security may be foreclosed is the same, as between these parties.

The judgment, consequently, should be modified by deducting from the amount of the recovery the sum of $300, with interest from the date of the mortgage, and as so modified affirmed, without costs of this appeal to either party.

Dwight, P. J., and Corlett, J., concur.