Case ID: ny-st-rep_23/html/0409-01.html
Source: Caselaw Access Project
Author: {"author": "Van Brunt, P. J.", "license": "Public Domain", "url": "https://static.case.law/"}
Date Created: 2024-08-24T03:29:51.129683

James Gamble, Resp’t, v. Queens County Water Company et al., App’lts.
    
      (Supreme Court, General Term, First Department,
    
    
      Filed March 29, 1889.)
    
    1. Manufacturing corporations—Resolution by majority—When corporation ENJOINED FROM CARRYING OUT.
    Where a manufacturing corporation has passed a resolution for the purchase of a certain property for the use of the corporation, by issuing stock and bonds therefor, which resolution has been assented to by a majority of the stockholders, if it appear, however, that the real value of such property was greatly below the par value of the stock to be issued therefor, the corporation will be enjoined from carrying out the resolution.
    2. Same—When courts will interfere for protection of minority.
    Although in all matters of administration of the affairs of a corporation the wishes of a majority of the stockholders must prevail, yet where such administration tends to fraudulently deprive the minority of their rights and interests in the corporation, the courts will interfere for their protection.
    3. Same—Purchase of property—Issuance of stock—When presumption OF FRAUD RAISED—LIABILITY OF STOCKHOLDERS.
    The rights and obligations of corporations formed under the general railroad act, and those formed under the provisions of the general manufacturing act in regard to the issuing of stock, are essentially different. The trustees of a company formed under the manufacturing act may purchase property necessary for their business and issue stock to the amount ' of the value thereof, in payment therefor, otherwise the stock must be paid for in cash. This valuation must be a fair valuation, but if purchased at a price far beyond its real value, that fact will raise a presumption of fraud, which, unless rehutted hy evidence explaining the apparent bad faith, the transaction is fraudulent in law, and the holders of the stock are liable for the unpaid portion thereof.
    4. Same—Sale of bonds—Power ,oe corporation.
    It seems that a corporation has the power to sell its bonds at any price it may see fit, if such sale is made in good faith, but not at a rate so low as to raise a presumption of fraud in the transaction.
    Appeal by the defendants from a judgment enjoining them from carrying out á resolution for the issuing of stocks and bonds to purchase property proposed to be sold to the defendant’s corporation by one Robert F. Mullins, who was a trustee thereof.
    
      W. B. Hornblower, for app’lts; JamesW. Perry, forresp’t.
   Van Brunt, P. J.

Were it not for the claims made by the appellants because of the decision in the case of Van-Cott v. Van Brunt, 82 N. Y., 540, in which the principle that a purchase of property from a trustee by his cestui que trust is presumed to be fraudulent, seems to have been disregarded, we should be entirely content to leave disposition of this case upon the opinion written by the learned judge who heard thé case in the court below.

There are various grounds upon which the decision in the case cited, may be distinguished from the case at bar. In the first place, in that case all the stockholders consented to the transaction, and it does not appear that at the time of the transaction there were any creditors of the corporation, or that there were no parties who could be affected adversely by this remarkable contract. In the next place, as far as the issue of stock was concerned, the rights and obligations of the appellant corporation were very different from that of the corporation mentioned in case cited, the one being a corporation formed under the general railroad act, and the other under the provisions of the general manufacturing act, the provisions in the two acts in relation to the issue of stock being essentially and fundamentally different.

The trustees of a company formed under the manufacturing act may purchase property necessary for their business, and issue stock to the amount of the value thereof in payment therefor, otherwise the stock must be paid for in cash. This valuation of property must be a fair valuation, considering the purposes for which the property is to be used, and the nature of the business, and although an honest over-valuation will not of itself subject the owners of stock to personal liability, yet where it appears that property, the value of which is well known and understood and capable of being ascertained, is purchased at a price far beyond its-real value, this raises a presumption of fraud, and unless rebutted by evidence explaining this apparent bad faith, the transaction is fraudulent in law, and the holders of the stock are liable for the unpaid portion thereof.

In the case at bar the contract, the execution of which is sought to be restrained, provided for the issue of $50,000 of stock and $60,000 in bonds for property, the value of which was not over $65,000.

It is true that it is sought to prove that for this stock and these bonds $65,000 would not be an inadequate price, but no such test can be applied. The stock must at least be treated as cash. Under the circumstances, it is clear that the stock which it is proposed to be issued, far. exceeds at its par value, the fair valuation of its proportion of the property to be purchased.

It is urged, however, that the corporation has the power to sell its bonds at any price which it might see fit. It is true that there are many authorities which go to sustain to a certain degree this proposition. But no case has been cited where the sale of the bonds has been at such a low rate as would raise a presumption of fraud in the transaction. In the case at bar, assuming the stock to be taken at its par value of $50,000, it would leave the issuance of these bonds to pay the balance of the valuation of this property, namely, $15,000, which would be an issuance of the bonds at the rate of twenty-five cents upon the dollar, and which would be secured by a mortgage on the identical property sold. A transaction of this kind shows itself to be fraudulent upon its face, and it would require the clearest proof that a sale, of bonds at twenty-five cents on the dollar, when the stock was taken at par, could be said to be made in good faith. A transaction of this kind, undertaken for the purpose of evading the statute, cannot be supported, and this construction of the contract is evidently resorted to for the purpose of such evasion. But it is claimed that as a majority of the stockholders of this corporation, including Mullins, consented to this arrangement, that therefore the ordinary rules applicable to such a transaction can not be made available to the plaintiff, upon the ground that in a corporation of this description the minority of the stockholders have no rights which the majority need to respect. It is undoubtedly true that such is the rule to a very great degree in such corporations. But under its protection the courts will not allow the majority to fraudulently deprive the minority of their rights. Although in all matters of administration the wishes of the majority must rule, yet where such administration tends to fraudulently deprive the minority of their rights and interests in the corporation, the courts will interfere for their protection.

In the case at bar, as already suggested, the very transaction itself shows a fraudulent design, and no explanation has been given by the evidence offered which relieves the transaction of the conclusion necessarily forced upon us by its terms. The issuance of these bonds at twenty-five cents on the dollar, under the facts disclosed in this case, would be such a wanton waste of the property, of this corporation as would call upon a court of equity to intervene for the protection of the stockholders who are not to profit by this extraordinary transaction.

The judgment must be affirmed with costs.

Macomber and Brady, JJ., concur.