Case ID: nys_32/html/0444-01.html
Source: Caselaw Access Project
Author: {"author": "PUTNAM, J.", "license": "Public Domain", "url": "https://static.case.law/"}
Date Created: 2024-08-24T03:29:51.129683

(84 Hun, 158.)
    DOUGLAS et al. v. COONLEY et al.
    (Supreme Court, General Term, Third Department.
    February 12, 1895.)
    1. Appeal—Interlocutory Judgment—Review.
    An appeal from an interlocutory judgment sustaining a demurrer brings up for review the order on which the interlocutory judgment was entered.
    2. Easements—Duration.
    A deed conveying the right to use a stairway in a building, by which means alone the grantee could reach the upper rooms of his premises, ere-
    
      ates an easement which continues only so long as the building of which the stairway is a part exists, and ceases with the destruction of the building.
    Appeal from special term, Franklin county.
    Action by Nathan C. Douglas and another against Daniel S. Coonley and another to enforce the right of plaintiffs to the use in common with defendants of a stairway. From a judgment sustaining a demurrer to the answer, defendants appeal.
    Reversed.
    Argued before MAYHAM, P. J., and PUTNAM and HERRICK, JJ,
    Albert Hobbs, for appellants.
    Cantwell & Cantwell (William P. Cantwell, of counsel), for respondents.
   PUTNAM, J.

This is an appeal by defendants from a judgment sustaining the demurrer interposed by plaintiffs to the answer. The action was brought to enforce plaintiffs’ alleged right to the use, in common with defendants, of a stairway on premises of the latter, leading from the street to the upper story, between the adjoining stores of the parties, situate in Chateaugay, Franklin county.

It was alleged in the complaint that one Henry B. Smith, deceased, being the owner of a building containing three stores, died, leaving a last will and testament, in which he conferred on his executors, therein named, power to convey his real estate. The latter sold the middle store to one Margaret A. Cantwell on September 14, 1865, and on March 31, 1869, the adjoining west store to defendant Coonley and one John Hughes, whose title has since been transferred to the defendant Sophronia C. Smith. ■ Between said middle and west stores was a party wall. Also, there was a stairway from the street to the upper rooms of the building between the two stores built in the store so conveyed to Coonley and Hughes, and used at the time of the above-mentioned conveyances in common by the tenants in the rooms over each of the stores as the only means of access thereto. It is alleged in the complaint:

“That while the said Daniel S. Coonley and John Hughes continued to be the owners of said west store, and the said Margaret A. Cantwell the owner of said middle store, and on the loth day of May, 1869, the said Daniel S. Coonley and John Hughes, by a deed of conveyance duly executed by them, granted, sold, and conveyed to the said Margaret A. Cantwell, her heirs and assigns, the right of way to pass and repass up and down the passageway or stairway between the store owned by Margaret A. Cantwell, and of the parties of the first part hereto, at all times, in common with the parties of the first part hereto, for the purposes of going and returning to and from the rooms in the upper part of said stores; the party of the second part to pay one-half of the expense of keeping said stairway in repair."

It is further alleged in the complaint that plaintiffs have succeeded to the title in said middle store and stairway, formerly owned by said Margaret A. Cantwell; that on the 11th day of January, 1893, said building was destroyed by fire; that plaintiffs have since rebuilt the middle store, and defendants the west store, with a stairway placed as and like the one destroyed, and the parties have built a party wall between the two stores similar to the one formerly existing; that defendants have wrongfully excluded, and continue to exclude, plaintiffs from the use of said stairway; that the plaintiffs, in consequence of such exclusion, have sustained damages to the amount of $200. Plaintiffs asked for a judgment restraining defendants from interfering with the use of said stairway by plaintiffs and their tenants, for $200 damages, and further relief.

An answer was interposed, which will be hereafter considered. Plaintiffs demurred to the answer, and from the judgment sustaining such demurrer this appeal is taken. The demurrer interposed was in two parts: First, to the whole answer; and, second, to certain portions thereof which were assumed to be set up as separate defenses. The court below only considered and passed upon the demurrer to the whole answer. He, doubtless, concluded that the different paragraphs in defendants’ answer were not intended as separate answers, but as different paragraphs of one defense. It will only be necessary for us to consider the legal questions raised by the demurrer passed upon by the court below.

It is urged by respondents that this appeal does not bring up for review the questions sought to be raised by appellants, because no appeal is interposed from the order on which the interlocutory judgment was based, nor is it stated in the notice of appeal that said order will be brought up for review on the hearing of the appeal. That the position of respondents is not well taken has been held by this general term in Dick v. Livingston, 41 Hun, 455. Bockes, J., in delivering the opinion, and speaking in regard to such an order, said:

“The decision was not appealable, but stood as does a decision by a referee or a judge on a trial without a jury, which declares the rights of the parties and directs judgment. Section 1021. So here it gave direction for the entry of an interlocutory judgment, from which an appeal might be taken, pursuant to section 1349 of the Code.”

The order not being appealable, it was not necessary to refer to it in the notice of appeal. The reference to the interlocutory judgment entered pursuant to the order was all that was necessary.

It is claimed by plaintiffs that their grantor, Cantwell, became the owner of an easement in, or right to the use of, the stairway in question, by virtue of the deed from the executors of Henry B. Smith, and, independently of the deed, from Coonley and Hughes. It does not appear from the statements made in the complaint that the deed from the said executors in terms conveyed any rights in said stairway; but plaintiffs urge that Smith being the owner of the two stores, and there being no other way of access to the rooms over the middle store except by the stairway, by the deed from the executors to Margaret A. Cantwell of said store and the rooms above it, without any reservation, a right to use said stairway as an appurtenance passed; that, when Coonley and Hughes afterwards purchased the west store, they took the premises subject to the easement or servitude existing in favor of Margaret A. Cantwell. Assuming that this position taken by respondents is correct, we are of the opinion that the easement in the stairway in question acquired under the circumstances by Margaret A. Cantwell, under the deed to her from the executors of Smith, only continued to exist while the building standing when the right to such easement was acquired remained, and ceased with the destruction of the building. See Heartt v. Kruger (Super. N. Y.) 5 N. Y. Supp. 192; Id., 121 N. Y. 386, 24 N. E. 841. In the case cited, the owner of two adjoining lots erected a building on each, with a party wall between them, one-half of which was placed on each lot. The two lots were after-wards transferred to different owners, and both buildings were destroyed by ñre. The defendant, the owner of one of the lots, erected a new wall on the old party-wall foundation; and the plaintiff, the owner of the other lot, commenced an action of ejectment, and was sustained in all the courts. In delivering the opinion of the court of appeals, Gray, J., remarked:

“When the title to these two lots was severed by their conveyance to separate persons, the purchaser of each lot is presumed to have contracted in reference to the condition of the property at the time, and the openly existing arrangement of a party wall could not be changed so long as it stood and answered its purpose. It was made a party wall upon the severance of the title by the description of the boundary line; but the whole extent of the qualification which resulted as to each lot owner’s title was the easement which the other acquired in the wall dividing and supporting their respective buildings. Each was bound to preserve the existing order of things in that respect, and neither had any right to change the relative condition of his building to the injury of the adjoining one. The party wall of the two buildings was an open and visible condition of the ownership of the property, and, in legal contemplation, its use as such while the buildings stood was an element which entered into the contract of the purchaser, and which charged the land with a servitude.
* * * But, upon the destruction of the buildings, the tenements reverted to their original or primary conditions of ownership. Their tenure was no longer qualified by the relative rights and obligations which previously existed.
* * * The implied agreement that the party wall existing at the time of the conveyances of the two lots by their common owner should continue in its use and occupancy as such cannot be extended so as to relate to a changed condition of things, caused by the casual destruction of the wall and buildings.”

We think the principles enunciated in the above quotation apply to this case. By the conveyances of the owner of both stores of the middle store to plaintiffs’ grantor, she acquired a right to use the stairway,—the same as the defendants in the case cited acquired the right to use the party wall, one-half of which was on plaintiffs’ premises; but such right terminated on the destruction of the buildings.

Respondents also claim that under the deed from Coonley and Hughes to Margaret A. Cantwell, set out in the complaint, she, her heirs and assigns, acquired an easement in and a right to use the •stairway existing when the conveyance was made, and also the stairway erected by defendants since the destruction of the building. The complaint does not contain a copy of the deed in question, or a statement of its contents, except as above quoted. The answer to which the demurrer was interposed did not deny the execution of the deed. We think the recital of the provisions of said deed in the complaint does not show a conveyance to Margaret A. Cantwell of any other or greater right than she possessed before it was executed. The deed (as the complaint states) conveyed a right “to pass and repass up and down the passageway or stairway between the stores owned by Margaret A. Cantwell, and of the parties of the first part hereto, at all times, in common with the parties of the first part hereto, for the purpose of going and returning to and from the rooms in the upper part of said stores.” The language above quoted should be deemed to apply to the rooms and stairway in the building then standing, and cannot be construed to convey a right in the space occupied by the stairs, or a right to •rebuild after their destruction, or a right in a new stairway in a new building that might thereafter be erected by defendants. It is true that the conveyance was to Margaret A. Cantwell, her heirs and assigns. But the old building might have stood a hundred years, and in that case the heirs or assigns of the grantee would have been entitled to the benefit of the conveyance. We think that the stairway referred to in the deed in question, as set out in the complaint, was the stairway existing when the conveyance was executed; and hence it did not appear from the allegations in the complaint that there was any conveyance of any easement in a new building to be erected after the destruction of the old one. There is no provision in the deed as so set out which would have compelled defendants to rebuild the west store, or, if they did rebuild, to place a new stairway where the former one was, or which would have allowed plaintiffs to .erect a new stairway on the failure of defendants to do so. We are inclined to think, therefore, that the complaint failed to show any right on the part of plaintiffs to an easement in the stairway in question, and hence to state a cause of action, and on that ground the court below erred in sustaining the demurrer. Harvey v. Brisbin, 16 N. Y. St. Rep. 42. People v. Booth, 32 N. Y. 397.

Assuming, however, that the complaint did state a cause of action, we think the answer contained denials of the averments therein which could not be properly held insufficient. As we have seen, the complaint contained no copy of the deed from Coonley and Hughes to Cantwell. As far as it stated the contents of the deed, that instrument did not appear to convey to the grantee any easement in the land or in a new structure that might be erected after the destruction of the one standing. The complaint, however, alleged inferentially, and in the way of a legal conclusion, that plaintiffs, under the provisions of said deed, and by reason of all the circumstances set out in the complaint, became legally entitled to an easement in the new stairway. To such a complaint, so stating the cause of action, if any, we think the denials in the answer were sufficient, and that the demurrer thereto should not have been sustained. The answer is somewhat indefinite and obscure, and doubtless could have "been corrected on a motion to jnake it more definite and certain; but it alleges that under said deed any right acquired by Margaret A. Cantwell, her heirs and assigns, terminated with the destruction of the old building; that the deed in question related to and only conveyed an easement in the old stairway, and not in the new one. There being no copy of the deed in the complaint, and only a partial statement of its provisions, as heretofore shown, the above denials in the answer raised an issue. Plaintiffs having alleged only the legal effect of the conveyance in their statement of the cause of action, defendants, in the answer, could follow their example. The answer also denies the allegations of the complaint that plaintiffs had sustained damages to the amount of $200 or any other sum, and alleged that the defendants were the sole owners of the space occupied by the new stairway, and of the right to use the same. The answer also denied that, either in fact or law, plaintiffs had the rights claimed by them in the new stairway, or any right, claim, easement, or privilege in or over the same. We think to the complaint in the action the answer should have been held sufficient, and hence that the judgment should be reversed, and judgment rendered for defendants on the demurrer, with the usual costs. All concur.