Case ID: ny-st-rep_18/html/0425-01.html
Source: Caselaw Access Project
Author: {"author": "Haight, J.", "license": "Public Domain", "url": "https://static.case.law/"}
Date Created: 2024-08-24T03:29:51.129683

Ellen Harrington, Resp’t, v. The City of Buffalo, App’lt.
    
      (Supreme Court, General Term, Fifth Department,
    
    
      Filed October 19, 1888.)
    
    1. Municipal corporation—Liability por defects in highway.
    When two causes combine to produce an injury to a traveler upon a highway, both of which are in their nature proximate, one being a culpable defect in the highway, and the other, some occurrence for which neither party is responsible, the municipality is liable provided the injury would not have been sustained, but for such culpable defect.
    2. Evidence—Remedy por improper admission op, is by direction that THE JURY DISREGARD IT.
    Where evidence has been admitted on a trial which is subsequently discovered to be incompetent, the remedy of the party aggrieved, is to ask the court to direct the jury to disregard such evidence.
    3. Same—Improperly admitted— Motion to strike out, is discretionary—Decision op court not review able.
    It is discretionary with the court whether or not to grant a motion to strike out such evidence, and the direction of such a motion is not reviewable on appeal.
    Appeal from an order of the Erie special term, denying defendant’s motion for a new trial.
    
      William F. Worthington and Frank C. Laughlin, for app’lt; Adelbert Moot, for resp’t.
   Haight, J.

This action was brought to recover damages for a personal injury sustained by the plaintiff by falling upon a sidewalk in the city of Buffalo, on the 26th day of February, 1886. The accident occurred on the sidewalk on the southerly side of Fulton street, near the corner of Alabama, opposite of premises occupied by a man by the name of Ford. The evidence tends to show that at the place where the plaintiff fell there was a ridge of snow and ice in the centre of the walk some six inches thick, and sloping to the outer edges of the walk; that on the fifteenth of the month there was a fall of seven and three-tenths inches of snow; on the twentieth, nine inches, and on the twenty-first, four and five-tenths inches; that Ford was away from home, and the walk in front of his premises had not been cleaned.

The fact that on the twenty-sixth there was a ridge of snow and ice six inches thick in the centre of the walk, we think justifies the inference that it had been formed from the accumulations of snow which had previously fallen on. the occasions referred to, and that sufficient length of time had elapsed to justify the finding that the defendant or its officers had notice of the condition of the walk, and that it became a question of fact for the determination of the jury.

It is contended that the court erred in denying the defendant’ s motion to strike out the testimony of Mrs. Harrington, the plaintiff’s daughter-in-law, to the effect that the sidewalk had been in an icy condition for a long time prior to the accident. It subsequently turned out, upon the cross-examination, that she was but giving her opinion, and was not speaking from personal knowledge. The motion to strike out under such circumstances was discretionary with the trial court. The remedy of the defendant was to ask the court to instruct the jury to disregard her evidence in that particular. Marks v. King, 64 N. Y., 628; Platner v. Platner, 78 id., 90-101.

The exception, therefore, taken upon the refusal of the court to strike out the evidence is upon this appeal.

At the conclusion of the charge of the court, the defendant’s attorney requested the court to charge that if the jury should find that the accident was caused by ice forming from the freezing of the rain that fell the day before, then the city is not liable. The court replied that, “If it was caused solely by the ice, and the elevation of the sidewalk had nothing to do with it, that the defendant’s counsel was correct. ” The defendant, however, excepted to the refusal of the court to charge as requested.

It appears from the evidence that the day before the accident it rained during the fore part of the day, and in the afternoon the temperature fell, and it commenced freezing; that there was a heavy gale of wind continuing through that day and the day following.

The rule is, when two causes combine to produce an injury to a traveler upon the highway, both of which are in their nature proximate, one being a culpable defect in the highway and the other some occurrence for which neither party is responsible, the municipality is liable, provided the injury would not have been sustained but for such culpable defect. Ring v. The City of Cohoes, 77 N.Y., 83-88; Taylor v. The City of Yonkers, 105 id., 202-208; 7 N.Y. State Rep., 332.

The city would not be liable for the injury occasioned by ice that formed the night before the accident. It was only liable in case the injury occurred from the ridge of snow and ice that had previously formed, and in case the injury would not have been sustained but for such ridge. The case was tried upon the theory that the ridge of snow and ice caused the fall, and this question was submitted to the jury in the charge that was made.

It is possible that new ice had formed upon the ridge the night before, and that it may have added toi the slippery condition of the walk, and, in some measure, contributed to the injury; that if it did, it was necessary for the jury to determine, in order to sustain a recovery, that the injury would not have been sustained had it not been for the previous existence of the ridge of snow and ice. The attention of the trial court does not appear to have been called to this precise point; had it been, the jury would doubtless have been more fully instructed upon it. The request to charge as made did not embrace it, and, under the evidence, the court could not well disregard the previous existence of the ridge of ice and snow testified to by the witnesses. We, consequently, are of the opinion that the exception taken to the refusal to charge as requested, presents no error which calls for a reversal of the order. The order appealed from should be affirmed.

Barker, P. J., Bradley and Dwight, JJ., concur.