Case ID: la_147/html/0143-01.html
Source: Caselaw Access Project
Author: {"author": "DAWKINS, J.", "license": "Public Domain", "url": "https://static.case.law/"}
Date Created: 2024-08-24T03:29:51.129683

(84 South. 525)
    No. 23708.
    CRUCIA v. BEHRMAN, Mayor, et al.
    (April 16, 1920.)
    
      (Syllabus by Editorial Staf.)
    
    1. injunction <&wkey;85(2), 218 — Enforcement of illegal ordinance affecting property rights may be restrained and violation of order punished.
    Where the enforcement of an illegal law or ordinance, penal in its nature, will -injure a property right,' equity has jurisdiction to grant injunction to protect that right and to entertain contempt proceedings to enforce the injunction.
    2. Injunction <&wkey;23I — Contempt proceedings for enforcing injunction continued by suspensive appeal may be reviewed.
    Where an injunction restraining the enforcement of a city ordinance was continued in force by a suspensive appeal from an order dissolving it, a subsequent order discharging a defendant from a rule in contempt proceedings to enforce the injunction may be reviewed to protect the mandate for suspensive appeal.
    3. Injunction &wkey;>231 — Contempt proceedings to enforce injunction protecting property rights • may be reviewed.
    Though ordinarily in contempt proceedings for indignities toward or violations of injunction Supremo Court confines itself to a determination of the jurisdiction and powers of the lower courts, it can and will inquire into the correctness of the findings in such proceedings for the enforcement of decrees or orders, violation of which would destroy or injure substantial property rights.
    4. Injunction <©=>231<— On appeal from contempt order petition for an injunction must be taken as true.
    On appeal from an order discharging defendant from contempt proceedings for the enforcement of a temporary injunction, the allegations of the petition for injunction must be ta^en as true in determining the right's to the writ.
    5. Injunction <&wkey;212 — Successor of inspector of police- bound by injunction against predecessor.
    An injunction issued against an inspector of police to restrain the enforcement of an ordinance claimed to be illegal runs against the office and embraces all charged with the execution of its functions, whether the present incumbent or his successors, if they have knowledge thereof.
    6. Injunction <@=221 — Information from plaintiff’s attorney puts successor of restrained police inspector on notice of injunction.
    Where the successor of a police inspector who had been restrained from enforcing an ordinance against plaintiff was informed of the injunction by plaintiff’s attorney and could have ascertained the truth concerning it from the district court or the counsel for the city, he has such notice thereof as renders him subject to the injunction.
    7. Injunction <&wkey;231 — Discharge in contempt proceedings not disturbed.
    Where the record on appeal from an order discharging defendant from a rule of contempt for violation of an injunction against the enforcement of an ordinance did not show whether the discharge was based on defendant’s good faith or on a holding that the ordinance was legal, and plaintiff bad permitted the bearing on the merits to be continued indefinitely, the discharge will not be reversed.
    Provosty, J., dissenting.
    Appeal from Civil District Court, Parish of Orleans; Fred D. King, Judge.
    Suit by Joseph Crucia against Martin Behrman, Mayor of the City of New Orleans, and another. From a judgment discharging Frank T. Mooney from a rule for contempt for violation of an injunction, plaintiff appeals.
    Affirmed.
    Robert H. Marr, of New Orleans, for appellant.
    I. D. Moore, City Atty., and John J. Reilley, Asst. City Atty., both of New Orleans, for appellees.
   DAWKINS, J.

This is an appeal by the plaintiff in injunction proceedings against the defendants, discharging one of them, the present inspector of police, Frank T. Mooney, from a rule for contempt provoked by plaintiff for the alleged violation of said injunction; it being contended by plaintiff in rule that the said inspector violated the writ which was issued to restrain interference with Crucia in holding musical performances in his restaurant, on the ground of the alleged illegality of Ordinance No. 4221 of the commission council of the city of New Orleans.

Answering the rule for contempt, the inspector set up that the plaintiff had been indicted by the Orleans parish grand jury for violating the Sunday law, and also Act 199 of 1912, making it a misdemeanor to operate a disorderly house; that after the return -of said indictments defendant in rule, who, so far as he knows, has never been enjoined from charging plaintiff with the violation of section 1 of said Ordinance No. 4221, C. C. S., did cause the arrest of plaintiff for the violation of said section; but that in doing so no disrespect was meant for the orders of the court, but respondent was merely exercising the functions of his office upon a subject-matter which fell clearly within the domain of a police regulation. He further averred that since the service of the rule he had been informed that early in 1917 Division B of the civil district court had issued a writ of injunction restraining the present mayor and the then acting inspector of police, John P. Boyle, from enforcing'said ordinance against plaintiff; that Boyle is no longer connected with the police department ; that respondent was not connected with said department when the writ was issued, and has never been made a party to the suit; further, that the civil district court was without jurisdiction, ratione materise, and without power or authority to_ issue said writ, and that said court had subsequently rescinded the same as having been improvidently granted; and that since the institution of this suit the Supreme Court had, in Tranchina v. City of New Orleans, 141 La. 788, 75 South. 683, held said ordinance valid. Opinion—Jurisdiction of the Lower Court to Issue the Injunction.

Whenever it is shown that the enforcement of an alleged illegal law or ordinance, though penal in its nature, will injure a property right, courts of equity have the power and jurisdiction to interfere for the protection of those rights. Le Blanc et al. v. City of New Orleans, 138 La. 243, 70 South. 212; Patout Bros. v. Mayor & Board of Trustees of New Iberia, 138 La. 697, 70 South. 616; New Orleans Baseball & A. Co. v. City of New Orleans, 118 La. 228, 42 South. 784, 7 L. R. A. (N. S.) 1014, 118 Am. St. Rep. 366, 10 Ann. Cas. 757; McFarlain v. Town of Jennings, 106 La. 541, 31 South. 62. Therefore, having had jurisdiction to issue the injunction on the allegations of plaintiff’s petition which charged injury to his business as the keeper of a restaurant, it follows that the court likewise had jurisdiction and power to entertain the contempt proceeding.

On the Merits.

The case presented by this record is somewhat unusual. Inasmuch as the lower judge gave no written reasons for his finding on the rule for contempt, we, of course, are not informed as to whether he based his conclusion upon the validity of the ordinance which was attacked in the injunction proceeding, or upon the theory that respondent was not a party to the suit and therefore without legal notice or service of the writ sufficient to render him answerable for contempt for its violation. The writ was undoubtedly in full force and effect when the act complained of on the part of respondent was committed, for this court had, on the application of plaintiff (141 La. 370, 75 South. 83), directed a suspensive appeal from the order dissolving it, and which appeal had been granted and perfected. The record also shows conclusively that the writ was violated by respondent in rule, in that plaintiff was arrested and charged with violation of the ordinance in question, and his musicians were prevented from further performances in which they were engaged at the time. In such circumstances, to hold that this court cannot review the action of the court below, for the purpose of determining the correctness of the finding discharging respondent for contempt, would be to nullify the mandate ordering the suspensive appeal, if such finding were manifestly wrong. In other words, the order’ of suspensive appeal was not only a decree of the lower court which the law itself gave the effect of maintaining matters in statu quo, in so far as the dissolution of the injunction was concerned, but it was reinforced by the mandate of this court in effect directing that the injunction be held intact until the appeal was passed upon by us.

In ordinary cases of contempt for indignities toward or violations of orders and decrees of inferior courts, we have confined ourselves to a determination of the jurisdiction and powers of such courts in dealing with the matters in hand, and have declined to review the facts and circumstances out of which such proceedings arose, when once we found that the exercise of jurisdiction was proper; but, in cases where substantial property rights were affected and likely to be destroyed or injured by the failure of the lower courts to enforce remedial writs for their protection, we have inquired into the .correctness of the findings in contempt proceedings for the purpose of enforcing obedience to such decrees or orders, where, in our judgment, the conditions required it to preserve the' status until the rights of the parties could be regularly passed upon. V. S. & P. Ry. Co. v. Webster Sand & Gravel Co., 132 La. 1051, 62 South. 140, 47 L. R. A. (N. S.) 1155.

If the allegations of the petition for injunction are taken as true, as must be done in determining the right to the writ, the action of the police authorities sought to be enjoined was calculated to inflict a serious financial loss, and thereby to impair a valuable property right, and plaintiff was entitled to have the status remain undisturbed pending a trial on the merits. It cannot be, in granting injunctive relief in a matter of this sort, that it is necessary to make every member of the police department a party defendant, in order that they may be held responsible for a violation of such a writ. In such cases the writ runs against the office, and embraces all who are charged with the execution of its functions and the official acts sought to be prohibited, whether by the present incumbent or others \yho may succeed to such duties; and they are guilty of contempt if they have knowledge of the existence of such writ. High on Injunctions (4th Ed.) vol. 2, p. 1453, § 1443. Otherwise, by the mere changing or shifting of individuals, such writs could be violated with impunity and the court’s orders rendered nugatory. The case is quite different from one in which private individuals have been enjoined from doing private acts, and in which it has been held that only those made parties defendant and served with process were liable for violation of a writ.

Thfe respondent inspector admits that he was informed by the counsel for plaintiff of the existence of the injunction, but says that he cannot take notice of such information, because if he did the work of his office would be seriously handicapped by the many assertions and contentions of counsel for accused persons with whom his department deals. This is doubtless true in ordinary cases. However, in the instant case the existence of the writ, held in force by the suspensive appeal, was a matter of public record, which could easily have been verified by applying either to the civil district court or by communicating with the counsel for the city.

In view of the fact that we cannot tell .from the record whether the respondent was acquitted of contempt on the ground of his good faith or upon the theory that the ordinance was valid, because of the expressions contained in the case of Tranchina v. City of New Orleans, 141 La. 788, 75 South. 683, and in view of the further fact that the plaintiff in injunction permitted the case to remain on the docket without insisting upon a trial on the merits until those connected with the matter had.doubtless forgotten about it, we conclude, in this instance, not to disturb the finding of the lower court on the issue of contempt as to this respondent. However, we think that the lower court should see to it that the injunction is not violated in the future, and that the status is held intact until the case is tried on its merits.

For the reasons assigned, the judgment appealed from is affirmed, with instructions, to the lower court to enforce the injunction pending trial on the merits; appellee to pay costs of this proceeding.

O’NIELL, J., concurs in the decree.

■ PRO YO STY, J., dissents.