Case ID: mo_80/html/0241-01.html
Source: Caselaw Access Project
Author: {"author": "Martin, C.", "license": "Public Domain", "url": "https://static.case.law/"}
Date Created: 2024-08-24T03:29:51.129683

The State v. Lawn, Appellant.
    
    Indictment: lakceny : cattle. An indictment under section 1307, Revised Statutes 1879, for the larceny of neat cattle, is sufficient if it charges the theft of “ certain cattle, to-wit, one steer,” and the value need not be laid. The term “ cattle ” designates domestic quadrupeds collectively, but the term “ neat cattle ” includes only cattle of the bovine species. A steer belongs to the class of neat cattle, and it would be sufficient to use the word “ steer ” without employing the term “ cattle ” or “ neat cattle.”
    
      Appeal from, Jefferson Circuit Court. — Hon. J. L. Thomas Judge.
    Affirmed .
    
      Dinning & Byrns and McMullin for appellant.
    
      D. H. McIntyre, Attorney General, for the State.
    The term “ cattle ” is generic and includes the statutory term “ neat cattle.” R. S., § 1307. A steer belongs to the class “ neat cattle,” and courts will take judicial notice of that fact. State Vo HambUton, 22 Mo! 452. It would have been sufficient to use the word “ steer,” without any other designation. State v„ Lange, 22 Tex. 591; State v. Abbott, 20 Vt. 537. Where the statute makes the stealing of specific property grand larceny, the value need not be laid in the indictment. State v. Daniels, 32 Mo. 558.
   Martin, C.

The defendant was indicted, tried and convicted for stealing a steer. His punishment was assessed at two years in the penitentiary. Upon taking his appeal, he made application in the Supreme Court for stay of execution, filing in support of it a statement and brief, in which he endeavored to disclose many errors committed against him in the trial. Hpon consideration of his statement and brief, his application for a stay of execution was denied. No further brief or statement has been submitted in the prosecution of his appeal I will notice the material objections urged by him in bis original brief, for tbe purpose of determining whether the record presents any good ground for reversing the judgment.

It is objected that the indictment is insufficient, in failing to allege the value of the steer, so as to bring the charge within the statute defining grand larceny. The indictment reads that, “ Frank Lawn * * certain cattle, to-wit, one steer of the property and chattels of James Duff, then and there being found, then and there did feloniously steal, take and carry away.” The statute which makes the felonious taking of this species of property grand larceny, without regard to value, uses the term “ neat cattle.” R. S. § 1807. It is argued that the indictment to be good under this section, ought to have charged the taking and carrying away of “ neat cattle.” I do not think this objection is well taken. The term cattle designates domestic quadrupeds collectively, and has been held to include horses, sheep and swine, as well as animals of the bovine species. But the term “neat cattle” includes only cattle of the bovine species. A steer belongs to the class of “ neat cattle.” And as the defendant was indicted for stealing a steer, he was sufficiently informed of the crime charged. He could not assume that he was being prosecuted for stealing any other class of cattle than the class of “ neat cattle,” to which the steer belongs. I think it would have been sufficient to use the word steer without employing the term “ cattle” or “ neat cattle.” State v. Hambleton, 22 Mo. 452; State v. Lange, 22 Tex. 591; State v. Abbott, 20 Vt. 587 ; State v. Daniels, 32 Mo. 558.

The court gave an instruction to the effect that recent possession of stolen property is in presumption of law guilty possession, in the absence of any explanation leading to a different inference. It is not claimed that the instruction announced anything erroneous in law, but that there was no evidence of recent possession .of the stolen property to justify the court in giving it. Iam unable to accept this construction of the evidence. The witnesses for the State testified tbat they went to the pi’emises of defendant very shortly after the steer was missing; that they found between the defendant’s dwelling and his straw-stack the hide of the steer, excepting the part on the head; that it was perforated with a bullet hole on each side; that about forty yards further on they found the head of the steer in a gully in the woods, all of which they carried away; that the hide was identified as the hide of the missing steer, and that the . head was so identified. The skin was on it, and the owner’s son recognized it as his father’s steer by two warts on the forehead. On the day of the arrest, the witnesses for the State found fresh beef in the defendant’s house in a packing box, consisting of two pieces of hind quarter, some neck and ribs. All together it filled up a two bushel wheat sack. There was also some beef cooked in a pot in defendant’s house. The beef was carried away in a sack by witness, James Duff, Jr., who was the owner’s son.

No explanation of these facts was attempted by defendant, either by the testimony of witnesses or by himself in the statement made by him at the trial. He admitted that about the time the steer was missing it was with his cattle, but that he did not know it was missing, that it was running with his cattle near his house about two weeks before his ai’rest. He ventures no explanation about the hide and head found on his premises, and declared that he did not know where the fresh beef came from which was found in his house, and which he admits he had been cooking in a pot. He §aid that he made no inquiry as to where it came from. When the defendant was arrested he declared that if he had succeeded in getting into the house before the arrest, it would not have been good for the arresting party.

I do not find any errors in the record to the prejudice of defendant, and think the judgment should be affirmed.

All concurring, it is so ordered.