Case ID: f-appx_462/html/0137-01.html
Source: Caselaw Access Project
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Date Created: 2024-08-24T03:29:51.129683

Thinley TSOMO, Petitioner, v. Eric H. HOLDER, Jr., United States Attorney General, Respondent.
    No. 10-3810-ag.
    United States Court of Appeals, Second Circuit.
    Feb. 22, 2012.
    
      Thinley Tsomo, Elmhurst, N.Y., pro se.
    Tony West, Assistant Attorney General; Richard M. Evans, Assistant Directoz” Allen W. Hausman, Senior Litigation Counsel, Office of Immigration Litigation, Civil Division, United States Department of Justice, Washington, D.C., for Respondent.
    PRESENT: JON O. NEWMAN, ROBERT A. KATZMANN, SUSAN L. CARNEY, Circuit Judges.
   SUMMARY ORDER

Petitioner, Thinley Tsomo, a native of Nepal, seeks review of a September 10, 2010 decision of the BIA affirming the January 22, 2009 decision of Immigration Judge (“IJ”) Barbara A. Nelson denying her application for asylum, withholding of removal, and relief under the Convention Against Torture (“CAT”). In re Thinley Tsomo, No. [ AXXX XXX XXX ] (B.I.A. Sep. 10, 2010), aff'g No. [ AXXX XXX XXX ] (Immig. Ct. N.Y. City Jan. 22, 2009). We assume the parties’ familiarity with the underlying facts and procedural history of the case.

Under the circumstances of this case, we have reviewed the IJ’s decision as modified by the BIA’s decision. See Xue Hong Yang v. U.S. Dep’t of Justice, 426 F.3d 520, 522 (2d Cir.2005). The applicable standards of review are well-established. See 8 U.S.C. § 1252(b)(4)(B); Yanqin Weng v. Holder, 562 F.3d 510, 513 (2d Cir.2009). Because Tsomo does not challenge the agency’s denial of CAT relief, we address only her claims for asylum and withholding of removal.

I. Asylum

Tsomo, who was born in Nepal to Tibetan refugees, argues that the agency erred in denying her application for asylum without reaching the threshold question of her nationality. However, while determination of alien’s nationality is essential to adjudicate the merits of an asylum application, see Wangchuck v. DHS, 448 F.3d 524, 528 (2d Cir.2006), the agency was not required to determine Tsomo’s nationality because it pretermitted her asylum application as it was not filed within one year of her entry into the United States.

Tsomo argues that the agency erred in pretermitting her asylum application as untimely because she demonstrated changed country conditions in Nepal. However, pursuant to 8 U.S.C. § 1158(a)(8), we are without jurisdiction to review a challenge to the agency’s finding that an asylum application is untimely or that an alien did not establish changed circumstances excepting her application from the time limitation. While we retain jurisdiction to review constitutional claims and “questions of law,” 8 U.S.C. § 1252(a)(2)(D), we cannot consider Tso-mo’s argument as it “essentially disputes the correctness of the [agency’s] fact-finding.” Xiao Ji Chen v. U.S. Dep’t of Justice, 471 F.3d 315, 329 (2d Cir.2006). Thus, we dismiss for lack of jurisdiction Tsomo’s petition insofar as it challenges the agency’s denial of asylum.

II. Withholding of Removal

The agency was not required to determine Tsomo’s nationality in order to decide whether she was eligible for withholding of removal as her claim for withholding was specifically a claim that she could not be removed to Nepal as ordered by the IJ because she faced persecution there. See 8 U.S.C. § 1231(b)(3)(A). Substantial evidence supports the agency’s determination that she did not meet her burden of proof.

Leaving aside the issue of whether Tso-mo’s beating at a 1990 free Tibet rally was on account of a protected ground, the agency reasonably concluded that this single incident, during which Tsomo was not in detention, was not severe enough to rise to the level of persecution. See Ivanishvili v. U.S. Dep’t of Justice, 433 F.3d 332, 341 (2d Cir.2006) (providing that persecution requires that the harm suffered be sufficiently severe, rising above “mere harassment”); Jian Qiu Liu v. Holder, 632 F.3d.820, 822 (2d Cir.2011) (finding no error in BIA’s conclusion that alien failed to establish persecution when he was beaten prior to being detained and his injuries “required no formal medical attention and had no lasting physical effect”). As noted by the agency, while Tsomo continued to reside in the same location in Nepal for several years after this incident and continued to participate in political demonstrations, she did not have any further problems with the police or other authorities.

Tsomo also did not establish a likelihood that she would face future harm. As the agency found, there is no evidence that the Nepalese government knows about, or would target Tsomo because of her participation in demonstrations in the United States for a free Tibet. Moreover, while Tsomo generally asserts that the Nepalese government persecutes Tibetans and deports them to China, we are unable to consider the 2010 State Department Report that she offers in support of that claim as it did not form part of the administrative record. See 8 U.S.C. § 1252(b)(4)(A) (“[T]he court of appeals shall decide the petition only on the administrative record on which the order of removal is based.”). Absent “solid support in the record,” Tsomo’s assertion that she will be persecuted or deported to China on account of her nationality is “speculative at best.” Jian Xing Huang v. INS, 421 F.3d 125, 129 (2d Cir.2005) (per curiam). Thus, substantial evidence supports the agency’s denial of withholding of removal.

For the foregoing reasons, the petition for review is DISMISSED, in part, and DENIED, in part.