Case ID: sw_242/html/0472-01.html
Source: Caselaw Access Project
Author: {"author": "HAWKINS, J.", "license": "Public Domain", "url": "https://static.case.law/"}
Date Created: 2024-08-24T03:29:51.129683

CROWLEY v. STATE.
    (No. 6931.)
    (Court of Criminal Appeals of Texas.
    May 31, 1922.
    Rehearing Denied June 23, 1922.)
    I. Criminal law <&wkey;>!092(6), 1099(5) — Bill of exception ahd statement of facts cannot be considered where not filed during the term.
    A bill of exception which attempts to preserve the question as to a juror’s bias as complained of in defendant’s motion for ndw trial and 'a statement of facts presenting the evidence taken on the hearing of the motion cannot be considered where not filed during the term of court at which the trial was had; the statement of facts authorized to be filed after adjournment being limited to those facts adduced on the trial upon the issue of guilt or innocence, and not to the facts adduced on a hearing of a motion for new trial.
    2. Intoxicating liquors <&wkey;202 — Indictment for transportation need not allege purpose of sale.
    Under Acts 37th Deg. (1921) 1st Called Sess. c. 61, § 1 (Vernon’s Ann. Pen. Code Supp. 1922, art. 588¾), prohibiting the manufacture, sale, transportation, etc., of intoxicating liquors, or the possession thereof for the purpose of sale, -it is not necessary that an indictment for unlawful transportation allege that the liquor was transported for the purpose of sale; such allegation being necessary only where the possession thereof is charged.
    3. Intoxicating liquors <&wkey;222— Indictment for unlawful transportation returned before amendment abolished necessity of negativing exceptions properly negatived exceptions.
    While it is not necessary under Acts 37th Beg. (1921) 1st Called Sess. e. 61, § 1 (Vernon’s Ann. Pen. Code Supp. 1922, art. 588¼), prohibiting the manufacture, sale, transportation, etc., of intoxicating liquor, to allege that the liquor was not for medicinal, mechanical, scientific, or sacramental purposes, such exceptions being defensive matters not descriptive of the offense, an indictment for unlawful transportation committed before the amendment took effect properly alleged under the law as it was when the indictment was returned that the transportation was not for such excepted purposes.
    4. Criminal law &wkey;>531 ((/2) — Objection to confession as involuntary not sustained where no evidence thereof was introduced.
    An objection to a confession as involuntary cannot be sustained where no evidence was introduced raising such issue, and the instrument contained a proper warning and showed on its face that it was freely and voluntarily made.
    5. Criminal law <&wkey;78l (3) — Charge that confession must be corroborated by other evidence properly refused where offense was established by independent evidence.
    In a prosecution for transporting liquor, where the offense was established by ample evidence independently of defendant’s confession, the court properly refused to charge that such confession was not alone sufficient to establish his guilt, but must be corroborated by other evidence'; the confession being admissible to connect the confessor with the offense established.
    6. Criminal law <&wkey;404(4) — Intoxicating liquors <&wkey;>233(2) — Evidence of finding containers and their introduction before the jury held permissible.
    In a prosecution for transporting liquor, evidence of the finding of cans or containers which were traced to defendant’s possession was admissible, and their introduction before the jury proper.
    7. Criminal law &wkey;800(4), 1186(4) — Definition of word “transport” in prosecution for transporting liquor held unnecessary, and fa.il- ■ ure to define it was not reversible error.
    In a prosecution for transporting intoxicating liquor, where the evidence showed that •defendant took from his car a gallon can which had contained corn whisky, and was aft-erwards found in a trunk, that a similar can containing whisky was found in the car, and another in a trunk in a garage where defendant had placed it, and that there was a pocket under defendant’s car which would hold six ■of such cans, it was not necessary that the court define the word “transport” in its charge, and his failure to do so was not prejudicial, and therefore not reversible error under Code ■Cr. Proc. 1911, art. 743.
    S. Criminal law &wkey;72|i/2(2), 1171 (3) — Attor.
    . ney’s comment on defendant’s failure to produce witness held proper, and. not harmful error.
    In prosecution for transporting intoxicating liquor, where defendant testified he stopped at a schoolhouse when on his way from-where he got the whisky, to the place to which he transported it, took a drink and gave á companion, whom he named, a drink, argument of the district attorney, ‘Who knows but what there was an entertainment or gathering at [the] schoolhouse when these parties stopped there?” that the party named by defendant could explain how the matter was, and, “Why isn’t .he here?” held not harmful error, and, if his presence would have been beneficial to defendant, the attorney c.ould comment on Óefendant’s failure to produce him.
    Appeal from District Court, Swisher County; R. C. Joiner, Judge.
    M. F. Crowley was convicted of unlawful transportation of intoxicating liquor, and he appeals.
    Affirmed.
    W. F. Hendrix, of Tulia, for appellant.
    W. A. Keeling, Atty. Gen., and C. L. Stone and E. G. Storey, Asst. Attys. Gen., for the State.
   HAWKINS, J.

Conviction is for the unlawful transportation of intoxicating liquor. Punishment was assessed at confinement in the penitentiary for two years.

Appellant complains in his motion for new trial that one of the jurors was biased in favor of the enforcement of ■ the liquor law and supports the motion by an affidavit of a party by the name of Dickinson. It appears from the bill attempting to present this matter that evidence was heard upon the motion for new trial, but the same is not included in the bill. There is in the record a statement of facts which appears to be the evidence taken upon the hearing of the motion for new trial, approved by the attorneys and the trial judge.- The bill of exception upon this issue was not filed in the lower court until February 18, 1922, and the statement of facts was not filed until January 11, 1922. The term of court at which the trial was had adjourned December 4, 1921. The bill of exception and statement of facts cannot be considered by us because not filed during the term of court. This has been the uniform holding of this court since the opinion in Black v. State, 41 Tex. Or. R. 185, 53 S. W. 116; Parroccini v. State (Tex. Cr. App.) 234 S. W. 671, and citation of authorities upon this point at page 675 of the latter opinion. The statement of facts authorized to be filed after adjournment of .court is limited solely to those facts adduced upon the trial upon the issue of guilt or innocence, and not to the facts adduced upon a hearing of the motion for a new trial. Hemphill v. State, 75 Tex. Cr. R. 63, 170 S. W. 154; Ethridge v. State, 74 Tex. Cr. E. 635, 169 S. W. 1152; Dukes v. State, 74 Tex. Cr. E. 300, 168 S. W. 96; Graham v. State, 73 Tex. Cr. R. 28, 163 S. W. 726.

Appellant raised the question of apparent conflict between the state and national liquor laws by a motion to transfer this case to the federal court, and also by motion to quash the indictment. These questions have all been settled adversely to appellant’s contention and will not be discussed. Ex parte Gilmore, 88 Tex. Cr. R. 529, 228 S. W. 199; Ohanaler v. State, 89 Tex. Cr. E. 599, 232 S. W. 337; and many other cases decided by this court subsequent to the opinion in the Gilmore Case, supra.

The indictment was returned on June 4, 1921, and alleged the date of the oifense as May 28, 1921. Conviction was under the fifth count of the indictment, which was the only one submitted to the jury, and charged that appellant in Swisher county, Tex., did unlawfully, and not for medicinal, mechanical, scientific, or sacramental purposes, transport intoxicating liquor. Motion to quash this count in the indictment was filed because it failed to allege that the transportation was for the purpose of sale. We judge from appellant’s brief that he is relying upon the many cases decided by this court since the amendment to the liquor law adopted at the first and second called sessions of the Thirty-Seventh Legislature (page 233 [Vernon’s Ann. Pen. Code Supp. 1922, art. 588 ¼ et seq.]), in which it has been held that an indictment charging the possession of intoxicating liquor is defective unless it be alleged that it was so possessed for the purpose of sale. The construction placed upon section 1 of the amended act as it relates to the possession of intoxicating liquor does not apply to one charged with the transportation thereof, as will be apparent from a reading of said section, which is as follows:

“That it shall be unlawful for any person, directly or indirectly, to manufacture, sell, barter, exchange, transport, export, deliver, take orders for, solicit, or furnish spirituous, vinous, or malt liquors, or medicated bitters capable of producing intoxication, or any other intoxicant whatever, or any equipment for making any such liquors, or to possess or receive for the purpose of sale any such liquors herein prohibited.”

It is not necessary under the foregoing section to allege that the liquor in question was for the “purpose of sale” unless the pleader is attempting to charge the possession or receiving thereof. Stringer v. State (Tex. Cr. App., No. 6954) 241 S. W. 159, opinion May 24, 1922. Neither is it necessary in charging other offenses under such section, since the amendment became effective to negative the exceptions, as they are now defensive matters, and not descriptive of the offense. However, the offense in the instant case was alleged to have been committed in May, 1921, and the amendment did not take effect until November 15, 1921; therefore the pleader in this case properly charged the offense under the law as it was at the time the indictment was returned, and properly alleged that the transportation was not for medicinal, mechanical, scientific, or sacramental purposes. The court properly declined to quash the fifth count for the reasons heretofore stated.

It appears from bill of exception No. 3 that appellant filed a motion to suppress a statement or confession made by appellant on the ground “that he was assured by Deputy Sheriff Eubanks that if he would make such a statement he would be released on a fine for drunkenness,” and also another statement which it appears from the motion was made to county attorney Jordan. The learned trial judge appends the following explanation:

“At the time the motion was presented I said to defendant’s counsel that at this time there was no necessity for a ruling as the statement referred to in the motion might never be offered in evidence. The statement referred to was not in fact introduced, nor was it ever offered or referred to during the trial, and there was no necessity to act or rule on said motion, and the court was never called on again for a ruling.”

A confession made by appellant to one Charles Clements, district attorney of Swisher county, was introduced in evidence. The ones referred to in the bill of exception nowhere appear, and no error is shown relative thereto.

When the confession made to the district attorney was offered, appellant interposed objection : (a) That it covered other matters than transporting liquor; (b) that it was not voluntarily made. The whole confession relates to appellant’s connection with the whis-ky and his movements therewith, and what he did with part of it, in order to trace to his hands certain containers found in possession of others.

No evidence was introduced raising, an issue as to the voluntary character or otherwise of the confession. The instrument contains the proper warning, and shows upon its face to have been freely and voluntarily made. An issue to the contrary is not raised by simply urging an objection that it was not voluntary.

The following requested . instruction Vas refused:

“You are charged that the confession of the defendant is not alone sufficient to establish his guilt, but that any such confession must be corroborated by other evidence.”

We do not think the court erred in declining to give the charge. The evidence showed that appellant appeared in the town of Tulia in the night driving a Eord car. He was seen to take out of this car a gallon can, described as looking like a “turpentine” can. He carried it across the street, and it was afterwards found in a trunk. The evidence shows it had contained corn whisky. Another similar can with whisky in it was found in the car, and still another found in a truck in the garage, where the evidence shows appellant had placed it. Built in under appellant’s car was a pocket which would hold six of these cans. It could not be seen without getting down and looking up under the car. Appellant was himself intoxicated, and from his imprudence as a result thereof his apprehension came about. There was ample evidence outside of the confession to show that appellant had transported the liquor into Tulia. Where an offense is established independent of the confession, the latter may be used to connect the confessor with it, and no necessity exists in such case for a charge similar to that requested. See Branch’s Ann. P. 0. p. 1049, for authorities.

The court properly permitted evidence of finding the cans or containers and their introduction before the jury. They were traced to the possession of appellant by competent evidence and were therefore admissible.

Exception was reserved in proper manner to the failure of the court to define in his charge the word “transport.” In view of the amendment to the liquor law adopted by the Thirty-Seventh Legislature, 1921, we can readily understand why, under some state of facts, it might be necessary for the court to instruct the jury upon the question of what is meant by the “transportation” of liquor, out we fail to perceive why it was necessary under the facts of the instant case, or now an omission to so instruct could have injured appellant. So believing, it would be improper to reverse the judgment under article 743, 0. C. P.

In the confession introduced in evidence appellant had stated that he got the ■whisky at Midland, and while on the way to Tulia he “stopped at McGuire schoolhouse and took a drink, and Potts Parker was with me, and I gave him a drink of this whisky.” During the argument of the district attorney he said, “Who knows but what there was an entertainment or gathering at McGuire schoolhouse when these parties stopped there?” and “Potts Parker can explain how this matter is. Where is Potts Parker? Why isn’t he here?” Objection was made to the argument because there was no evidence that any entertainment was in progress at the schoolhouse, and because it was an insinuation that appellant was responsiole for the absence of Parker. We are not put in possession of the facts with reference to Parker. He- did not testify. If his presence would have been beneficial to appellant, then the district attorney had a right to comment on the failure of appellant to produce him as a witness. We are unable to discover anything in the argument of such a hurtful character as to demand a reversal.

Finding no reversible errors in the record, the judgment will be affirmed. 
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