Case ID: ad_83/html/0212-01.html
Source: Caselaw Access Project
Author: {"author": "\n      McLaughlin, J.:", "license": "Public Domain", "url": "https://static.case.law/"}
Date Created: 2024-08-24T03:29:51.129683

Charles W. Shaw, Respondent, v. The City of New York, Appellant.
    
      Negligence—action for injuries against the city of New York — notice of claim addressed to the Comptroller and not stating an intent to sue, held to be sufficient — amendment of the complaint alleging notice of intent to sue — waiver of objection to misjoinder of causes of action.
    
    In an action brought against the city of Hew York to recover damages for injuries to person and property sustained by the plaintiff through its alleged negligence, the plaintiff did not allege in his complaint or prove upon the trial that he had filed a notice of intention to sue with the corporation counsel as required by chapter 572 of the Laws of 1886.
    It appeared that the plaintiff had filed with the comptroller a claim for the damages sustained by him which was entitled “ Charles W. Shaw against The City of Hew York,” and contained a statement of the time and place of the accident, and of the facts connected with it and of the injuries for which the plaintiff sought to recover. This notice was also, served upon the corporation counsel. It was not in strict compliance with chapter 572 of the Laws of 1886, in that it was in form addressed to the comptroller and did not contain an explicit statement of an intention to sue.
    It appeared, however, that a few days after the service of the notice the plaintiff was examined in reference to his claim by an assistant to the corporation counsel.
    
      Held, that as the notice served upon the corporation counsel had served the purpose sought by the statute, the fact that it was not correct in form did not prevent the maintenance of the action;
    That the court had power to permit the plaintiff to amend his complaint by alleging that notice of an intention to sue had been given to the corporation counsel prior to the commencement of the action.
    The objection that two causes of action are improperly united in the same complaint will be deemed to be waived unless it is taken by demurrer.
    Appeal by the defendant, The City of New York, from a judgment of the Supreme Court in favor of the plaintiff, entered in the office of the clerk of the county of New York on the 19th day of December, 1902, upon the verdict of a jury for $2,500, and also from an order entered in said clerk’s office on the 24th day of March, 1903, denying the defendant’s motion for a new trial made upon the minutes.
    
      William B. Crowell, for the appellant.
    
      Mary Colemcm, for the respondent.
   McLaughlin, J.:

On the 25th of May, 1898, the plaintiff was driving in one of the public streets of the city of New York, when a horse with a wagon attached, belonging to the defendant, ran into and damaged plaintiff’s carriage, and also seriously injured both him and the horse. This action was brought to recover from the defendant the damages sustained, upon the ground that the same were due to the negligence of defendant’s employee. The particular act of negligence charged in the complaint was that defendant’s servant, an employee of the street cleaning department, “ so carelessly and negligently drove and managed a horse and wagon which was in the charge, custody and control of the defendant and in the' pursuit of the business of the defendant that by reason thereof he permitted the said horse to remain on the street without being guarded or tied, whereby said horse ran away and said horse and wagon struck the plaintiff’s wagon,” etc. The plaintiff had a verdict and defendant has appealed.

We are of opinion that there was sufficient evidence to go to the jury upon the question of whether defendant’s employee was negligent in permitting the horse which subsequently ran away to stand unfastened and unattended in the street, and that the finding of the jury that such employee was negligent cannot, upon all the facts presented, be said to be against the weight of evidence. The finding of the jury, therefore, establishes that the damages sustained by the plaintiff were the result of the negligence of one of defendant’s employees in the street cleaning department, and for which the city is liable. (Missano v. Mayor, 160 N. Y. 123.) It is urged, however, that the judgment should be reversed because the plaintiff did not allege in his complaint, or prove upon the trial, that a notice of intention to sue had been filed with the corporation counsel as required by chapter 572, Laws of 1886. This statute provides, among other things, that, “ no action against the mayor, aldermen and commonalty of any city * * * for damages for personal injuries alleged to have been sustained by reason of the negligence of such mayor, aldermen and commonalty * * * shall be maintained * * * unless notice of the intention to commence such action and of the time and place at which the injuries were received shall have been filed with the counsel to the corporation or other proper law officer thereof, within six months after such cause of action shall have accrued.”

The complaint alleged, and the answer admitted, that prior to the commencement of the action the plaintiff presented to and filed with the comptroller of the defendant a claim for the damages for which a recovery was had and which contained a statement of the time and place of the accident and the facts connected with it, including the injuries received by the plaintiff and the damage to his horse and carriage, and that he claimed “ $15,500 for damages for personal injuries.”

The plaintiff proved upon the trial that the same notice was, by his attorney, served upon the corporation counsel, by whom service was admitted. The notice was defective in that it was in form addressed to the comptroller of the defendant and did not contain an explicit statement of an intention to sue. These defects, however, we are of the opinion are unimportant when considered in connection with the other facts stated in or connected with the notice, and especially the acts of the corporation counsel. Within a few days after the notice had been served, the plaintiff was required to submit to an examination — conducted by an assistant to the corporation counsel — as to the claim which he had made. The notice was entitled: “ Charles W. Shaw against The City of New York.” It is stated that the jfiaintiff claimed and demanded from the city damages for personal injuries, and when served upon the corporation counsel was understood by him as a notice of an intention to sue under the statute, as is evidenced by the examination referred to. The statute, it will be observed, prescribed no particular form, although it states in general terms the nature of the notice required. The object sought to be accomplished by the statute was to require a notice to be given to the legal adviser of the city of the nature of the claim, the place where and the circumstances under which it arose, and an intent on the part of the one making the claim to enforce it, to the end that such adviser might investigate while the matter was fresh in the minds of witnesses the facts materially connected with or involved in it. The notice here served accomplished that object as fully and completely as could any notice, no matter in what form it was, or what statements it contained, and, therefore, the case is brought directly within the principle laid down in Missano v. Mayor (supra), and Sheehy v. City of New York (160 N. Y. 139). In the Missano case it was held that a notice which purported to be given in compliance with section 1104 of the New York Consolidation Act (Laws of 1882, chap. 410), and was addressed to and filed with the comptroller, was a substantial compliance with chapter 572 of the Laws of 1886, inasmuch as the notice was by him sent to the corporation counsel, who filed and acted upon it. In referring to the notice, the court said: “ While the direction of the statute is one which must be strictly followed, I do not perceive any good reason for holding that the failure of the plaintiffs to file the notice with the counsel to the corporation is fatal to the maintenance of their action, if, in fact, the corporation counsel received and filed the notice. Especially should this be so when, as here, he acted upon it by examining the plaintiffs upon the notice to them to appear.” And in the Sheehy case, where the notice failed to state, in terms, an intention to commence an action, it was held that the notice was sufficient, inasmuch as it substantially complied with the statute and gave the corporation counsel information that a claim was made and of an intention to enforce it, the court saying: The plain object of this statute was to provide means by which a city could better guard against the imposition of unfounded claims by being at once informed of their existence, so that its officers might more readily pursue an investigation of their merits than if longer postponed. On the other hand, it could not have been its purpose to deny to a party injured by the negligence of a city any remedy against it, nor to unnecessarily embarrass parties in the enforcement of their rights. While in an action like this the statute must be substantially complied with, or the plaintiff cannot recover, still where an effort to comply with it has been made and the notice served, when reasonably construed, is such as to accomplish the object of the statute, it should, we think, be regarded as sufficient.”

Nor do we think any error was committed at the trial in permitting the complaint to be amended to the effect that the notice of an intention to sue was given to the corporation counsel prior' to the commencement of the action. The amendment did “ not change, substantially, the claim ” of the plaintiff. (Code Civ. Proc. § 723.) The defendant admitted that it was not surprised by the amendment, and. upon the facts it could not have been injured.

It is also suggested that it was improper to permit a recovery for injuries to plaintiff’s person and an injury to his property in the same action. But this point does not seem to have been raised either prior to or at the trial. If causes of action were improperly united, under subdivision 7 of section 488 of the Code of Civil Procedure, defendant could have raised that question by demurring to-the complaint, and, not having done so, he must be deemed, under' section 499 of the Code of Civil Procedure, to have waived such objection.

Upon the whole case, therefore, we are of the opinion that the judgment .and order should be affirmed, with costs.

Van Brunt, P. J., Patterson, Ingraham and Laughlin, JJ.,. concurred.

Judgment and order affirmed, with costs.