Case ID: mo-app_44/html/0375-01.html
Source: Caselaw Access Project
Author: {"author": "Thompson, J.", "license": "Public Domain", "url": "https://static.case.law/"}
Date Created: 2024-08-24T03:29:51.129683

The State of Missouri, Appellant, v. James Cobb; B. F. Cobb et al., Respondents.
    St. Louis Court of Appeals,
    April 7, 1891.
    1. Criminal Law: bail. No authority exists in this state for exacting from a prisoner under indictment for a bailable offense a bond or recognizance, not only for his appearance to answer the indictment, but also for the payment of any fine adjudged against him. A provision for such payment in such bond or recognizance is not enforceable in a statutory proceeding on such bond or recognizance.
    2. --: -. When a prisoner gives recognizance for his •appearance, and does appear, pleads guilty and is fined at the trial, the condition of the recognizance is satisfied; the recognizance cannot be forfeited for failure to appear subsequent to the trial to answer the sentence.
    
      Appeal from the Scott Circuit Cotort. — Hon. Ó. C. O’Bryan, Judge
    Aeeirmed.
    
      
      Albert DeReign, for appellant.
    
      J. J. Russell, for respondents.
   Thompson, J.

This was a statutory proceeding upon a recognizance given in a criminal case. -The sureties demurred to the scire facias; the court gave judgment in their favor on the demurrer, and the state prosecutes this appeal.

The facts were that one James Cobb was indicted for an assault with an intent to commit rape; that he was arrested under the indictment, and entered into a bond before the circuit judge for his appearance at court to answer the same; that the recognizance, in addition to the usual conditions for his appearance in court, contained* the following: “And, if he shall pay all sums of money adjudged against him by said court on, said indictment, then the above bond to be null'and void,” etc. When the case was called for trial he appeared, and was allowed to plead guilty to a common assault, and was adjudged to pay a fine of $100. He failed to pay this fine, and thereafter, at a subsequent term of the court, he and his sureties were called, and a judgment of forfeiture was entered against them, and a scire f acias was issued thereon, to which, as already stated, the court sustained their demurrer.

It is very clear that the court was correct in this ruling. No authority exists in this state for exacting from a prisoner, under indictment for a bailable offense, in addition to a bond for his appearance to answer the indictment, a bond to pay any fine that may be adjudged against him by the court. He cannot be compelled, at the price of his liberty between the date of his arrest under the indictment and the close of his trial, to give a bond to pay the fine that may be adjudged against him. The limit of the authority conferred upon the judge, under such circumstances, is to let the prisoner to bail. This authority is conferred by the following statute: When the defendant is in custody or under arrest for a bailable offense, the judge of the court in which the indictment or information is pending may let him to bail and take his bond or recognizance.” R. S. 1889, sec. 4123; R. S. 1879, sec. 1829. Nor does any statutory authority exist for forfeiting such a recognizance after the prisoner has been discharged from Ms original custody by the judgment of the court upon his trial; and this takes place when he is sentenced to pay a pecuniary fine without imprisonment. It is then the duty of the officer having him in charge to commit him to the proper custody until the fine and costs be paid, or until he is otherwise discharged by due course of law. But this custody is a new custody. It is not a custody for the purpose of answering, but it is a custody for the purpose of execution. He is held in execution of his sentence, in default of payment of the fine and costs. The statute authorizing the forfeitures of recognizance in criminal cases confirms this view. It is as follows : ‘ ‘ If, without sufficient cause or excuse, the defendant fails to appear for trial or judgment, or upon any other occasion when his presence in court may be lawfully required, according to the condition of his recognizance, the court must direct the fact to be entered upon its minutes, and thereupon the recognizance is forfeited,” etc. There is here no authority to forfeit, after trial and sentence, a recognizance given to secure the presence of the prisoner in court; and the authority here given can only be exercised when the defendant fails to appear according to the condition of his recognizance. He did so appear when he appeared and pleaded guilty and submitted to sentence, and this discharged the obligation of his sureties.

As' there was, therefore, no statutory warrant for that clause of the recognizance, by which the principal and sureties undertook to pay all sums of money that might be adjudged against the principal by the court, no statutory proceeding can be; maintained to enforce the same. Whether a common-law action can be maintained upon that condition of the bond, regarding it as a voluntary common-law obligation, is a question not before xis for decision.

The judgment of the circuit court will be affirmed. It-is so ordered.

All the judges concur.