Case ID: ny-2d_39/html/0574-01.html
Source: Caselaw Access Project
Author: {"author": "\n      Cooke, J.", "license": "Public Domain", "url": "https://static.case.law/"}
Date Created: 2024-08-24T03:29:51.129683

In the Matter of County of Nassau, Appellant, Relative to Acquiring Title to Real Property for Public Structures and Facilities South of Ann Drive and Other Streets, Known as Cow Meadow in the Town of Hempstead. Isidore Cohen, Respondent.
    Argued February 11, 1976;
    decided May 13, 1976
    
      
      John F. O’Shaughnessy, County Attorney (Francis Bergan, Natale C. Tedone, Paul W. Lynch and Ronald J. Morelli of counsel), for appellant.
    I. Because of the special circumstances in and around the subject property, the existing industrial zoning is unrealistic and the property should properly be valued on the basis of the surrounding predominantly residential zoning and use with a premium for nonconforming use. (Horn Constr. Co. v Town of Hempstead, 41 Misc 2d 438; Matter of Port of N. Y. Auth. [Lincoln Tunnel—450 W. 34th St. Corp.], 1 AD2d 801, 2 NY2d 296; Genesee Val. Union Trust Co. v State of New York, 9 NY2d 795; Masten v State of New York, 11 AD2d 370, 9 NY2d 796; Brubaker v State of New York, 17 AD2d 519; People v Miller, 304 NY 105.) II. The court below erred by remanding this proceeding for a new trial and directing the method of valuation, without first reviewing the facts and the amount of award as determined and fixed by Special Term. (Matter of Port of N. Y. Auth. [Lincoln Tunnel—450 W. 34th St. Corp.] 1 AD2d 801, 2 NY2d 296; St Agnes Cemetery v State of New York, 3 NY2d 37.) III. Pursuant to the directive of the Appellate Division, the remanded trial at Special Term improperly sought to establish the value of the subject property as industrially zoned, albeit such zoning was unrealistic and had been declared void and illegal for similar adjoining property. (Matter of Harbison v City of Buffalo, 4 NY2d 553; Town of Hempstead v Romano, 33 Misc 2d 315; New York Cent. R. R. Co. v Maloney, 234 NY 208.)
    
      Isidore Cohen, respondent pro se.
    
    I. The existing industrial zoning is realistic and the subject property should properly be valued as that of industrial zoned with the existing permitted nonconforming use as the highest and best use of that property. (Genesee Val. Union Trust Co. v State of New York, 9 NY2d 795; Matter of Incorporated Vil. of Garden City, Nassau County, 9 Misc 2d 693; Matter of Town Bd. of Town of Islip, 21 Misc 2d 657; Valley Stream Lawns v State of New York, 9 AD2d 149; City of Albany v State of New York, 16 AD2d 163; Brubaker v State of New York, 17 AD2d 519; Horn Constr. Co. v Town of Hempstead, 41 Misc 2d 438; Matter of City of New York [East Riv. Drive], 264 App Div 555, 298 NY 843; St. Agnes Cemetery v State of New York, 3 NY2d 37.) II. The court below justifiably remanded this proceeding for a new trial for further proof and a new determination to form an evaluation of the nonconforming use. (Matter of Port of N. Y. Auth. [Lincoln Tunnel—450 W. 34th St. Corp.] 1 AD2d 801, 2 NY2d 296.) III. There is no proof or evidence that there was reasonable probability of a change in zone (to residential) and termination of the nonconforming use in about 10 years, as the remanded trial at Special Term decided. (Horn Constr. Co. v Town of Hempstead, 41 Misc 2d 438.) IV. On the law and the facts, there was no reasonable probability of a change of zone nor a termination of the nonconforming use, and the Appellate Division erred in modifying the final decree and award of Special Term following the remanded trial that a willing and knowledgeable buyer in 1964 would have discounted no more than 25% from the value of the site as then zoned and used to cover any reasonably probable rezoning and termination of use. The Appellate Division should have found for claimant in the amount of $655,000. (Masten v State of New York, 11 AD2d 370, 9 NY2d 796; Matter of Incorporated Vil. of Garden City, Nassau County, 9 Misc 2d 693.)
   Cooke, J.

This proceeding was previously remanded to Special Term where it was then found, after hearing, that the value of the property as zoned and used was $546,000, which was reduced by a discount of 65% for reasonable probability of a change of zone and termination of nonconforming use in 10 years for a net award total of $191,000. On appeal, the Appellate Division stated: that, although the record does in their view support the existence of a possible or even a reasonably probable change of zone and use in the future, it does not sustain a finding that such change will come about in 10 years so as to warrant a 65% reduction in value; but, rather, that they believe that a willing and knowledgeable buyer in 1964 would have discounted no more than 25% from the value of the site as then zoned and used to cover any reasonably probable rezoning and termination of use. Accordingly, the decree was modified by reducing the discount from 65% to 25% and increasing the net award to $409,500.

If there is a reasonable probability of the imminence of a change of zoning regulations regarding the utilization of real property, such probability is a relevant factor in the determination of the value of the subject property (Matter of City of New York [Shorefront High School—Rudnick], 25 NY2d 146, mot to amd remittitur granted 26 NY2d 748; Genesee Val. Union Trust Co. v State of New York, 9 NY2d 795; Masten v State of New York, 11 AD2d 370, 371, affd 9 NY2d 796; 19 NY Jur, Eminent Domain, § 164, p 389). A corollary to this proposition would be that, in determining the highest and best use of a parcel and thus in determining its compensable value in eminent domain proceedings, the court should consider evidence of the reasonable probability of a zoning change to exclude the use of a parcel at its highest and best use, if such a reasonable probability has been properly evinced (Hogan v State of New York, 41 AD2d 428).

There is no testimony, sufficient or otherwise, to support either the discount of 25% found by the Appellate Division or that of 65% by Special Term. Indeed, Special Term observed: "No evidence was offered by the claimant from which it could be determined what financial harm would result if his nonconforming use were terminated. No evidence was produced to guide such an assessment even though one of the principal reasons for the remand of the Appellate Division focused upon this very issue. The Court cannot assume that such evidence exists.” The award here violates the well-recognized rule that an increment or discount ascribed to a reasonable probability of a zoning change must have a basis in the evidence and, since the discount reflected by the decision under review appears to rest on the subjective judgment of the court authoring that decision and is without evidentiary basis, the award cannot be sustained (Matter of City of New York [A. & W Realty Corp.], 1 NY2d 428, 432-433; Glennon v State of New York, 40 AD2d 1072; South Path Realty Corp. v State of New York, 35 AD2d 896; Waldenmaier v State of New York, 33 AD2d 75, 76; Clearwater v State of New York, 30 AD2d 883, affd 23 NY2d 1006).

The order of the Appellate Division should be reversed and the matter remitted to Special Term for the purpose of taking proof and making a determination on the limited issue raised on this appeal.

Chief Judge Breitel and Judges Jasen, Gabrielli, Jones and Fuchsberg concur; Judge Wachtler taking no part.

Order reversed, without costs, and the matter remitted to Supreme Court, Nassau County, for further proceedings in accordance with the opinion herein.