Case ID: f-appx_273/html/0405-01.html
Source: Caselaw Access Project
Author: {"author": "PER CURIAM: \n    ", "license": "Public Domain", "url": "https://static.case.law/"}
Date Created: 2024-08-24T03:29:51.129683

UNITED STATES of America, Plaintiff-Appellee v. Rosalio PEREZ-VELA, also known as Victor Manuel Mendoza, also known as Victor Mendoza, also known as Manuel Mendoza-Paz, also known as Rosalio A. Perez, also known as Victor Manuel Mendozapaz, DefendantAppellant.
    No. 07-20262
    Summary Calendar.
    United States Court of Appeals, Fifth Circuit.
    April 15, 2008.
    James Lee Turner, Assistant U.S. Attorney, U.S. Attorney’s Office, Southern District of Texas, Houston, TX, for PlaintiffAppellee.
    Marjorie A. Meyers, Federal Public Defender, Federal Public Defender’s Office, Southern District of Texas, Houston, TX, for Defendant-Appellant.
    Before JOLLY, DENNIS, and PRADO, Circuit Judges.
   PER CURIAM:

Rosalio Perez-Vela appeals his conviction and sentence for being found unlawfolly in the United States after deportation. Perez Vela argues that the district court erred when it (1) departed upward pursuant to U.S.S.G. § 4A1.3 based on the inadequacy of Perez-Vela’s criminal history category and (2) imposed a 16-level enhancement pursuant to U.S.S.G. § 2L1.2(B)(1)(A)(ii) based on Perez-Vela’s prior Texas conviction for burglary of a habitation. Perez-Vela also argues that the sentence-enhancement provisions of 8 U.S.C. § 1326(b) are unconstitutional in light of Apprendi v. New Jersey, 530 U.S. 466, 120 S.Ct. 2348, 147 L.Ed.2d 435 (2000).

Perez-Vela’s 115-month sentence included an upward departure from criminal history category VI pursuant to § 4A1.3. Thus, Perez-Vela’s sentence is a guideline sentence, which is reviewed for an abuse of discretion. See United States v. Smith, 440 F.3d 704, 707 (5th Cir.2006). The district court concluded that an upward departure was warranted because Perez-Vela’s criminal history score underrepresented the seriousness of his criminal history or the likelihood that he would commit other crimes and further explained that the departure was justified by Perez-Vela’s extensive criminal history, which included two felony convictions and eight misdemeanor convictions. See United States v. Zuniga-Peralta, 442 F.3d 345, 348 (5th Cir.2006). Furthermore, the extent of the district court’s departure was not unreasonable given the nature of the instant offense and Perez-Vela’s extensive criminal history. See Zuniga-Peralta, 442 F.3d at 347-48; United States v. Smith, 417 F.3d 483, 492 (5th Cir.2005). Perez-Vela has not shown that the district court reversibly erred in imposing an upward departure or that the extent of the departure was unreasonable.

Perez-Vela’s challenge to his 16-level crime of violence enhancement is also unavailing. His Texas conviction for burglary of a habitation qualifies as an enumerated offense for purposes of the enhancement. See United States v. Garcia-Mendez, 420 F.3d 454, 456-57 (5th Cir.2005). Notwithstanding his argument to the contrary, James v. United States, — U.S.-, 127 S.Ct. 1586, 167 L.Ed.2d 532 (2007), does not overrule this court’s precedent on this issue. See United States v. Gomez-Guerra, 485 F.3d 301, 303 & n. 1 (5th Cir.), cert. denied, — U.S.-, 128 S.Ct. 156, 169 L.Ed.2d 106 (2007).

In light of Apprendi, Perez-Vela challenges the constitutionality of § 1326(b)’s treatment of prior felony and aggravated felony convictions as sentencing factors rather than elements of the offense that must be found by a jury. This argument is foreclosed by Almendarez-Torres v. United States, 523 U.S. 224, 235, 118 S.Ct. 1219, 140 L.Ed.2d 350 (1998). United States v. Pineda-Arrellano, 492 F.3d 624, 625 (5th Cir.2007), cert. denied, — U.S. -, 128 S.Ct. 872, 169 L.Ed.2d 737 (2008).

AFFIRMED. 
      
       Pursuant to 5th Cir. R. 47.5, the court has determined that this opinion should not be published and is not precedent except under the limited circumstances set forth in 5th Cir. R. 47.5.4.