Case ID: ill_244/html/0464-01.html
Source: Caselaw Access Project
Author: {"author": "Mr. Justice Cartwright", "license": "Public Domain", "url": "https://static.case.law/"}
Date Created: 2024-08-24T03:29:51.129683

The City of Lawrenceville, Appellee, vs. T. R. Hennessey et al. Appellants.
    
      Opinion filed April 21, 1910.
    
    1. Special assessments—person appointed to make assessment must be a resident of city. The person appointed to make a special assessment in a city which has no superintendent of special assessments must be a qualified elector who has resided in the city for one year, as provided in section -6 of article 6 of the City and Village act, even though he is not technically an officer.
    2. Same—act of ipop, relating to bond issues, does not apply to bonds against a special assessment. The act of 1909, (Laws of 1909, p. 130,) providing that no ordinance which authorizes the issuing of bonds (except refunding bonds) shall be valid until such ordinance shall have been submitted to the voters at an election and approved by a majority of votes, does not apply to bonds issued by a city against a special assessment for an improvement embracing only a part of the city.
    3. Same—depth at which sewer pipes are to be laid is an essential element of description. The depth at which sewer pipes are to be laid is an essential element of description, and if it does not appear, on appeal, that the defect in the ordinance in omitting to prescribe such depth was cured by the admission in evidence of a datum ordinance, the latter not being in the abstract of record, it must be held to be error to overrule an objection to the ordinance based upon such omission.
    4. Same—city cannot assess portion of a farm lying outside of the corporate limits. Where a farm lies partly within and partly without the corporate limits of a city, the city has no power to include the entire farm within a sewer district and assess the land lying outside of the limits of the city.
    5. Same—property cannot be assessed for sewer unless there is a benefit. Special assessments are based solely upon and justified by benefits to property, and property cannot be assessed for a sewer unless it is benefited by a present use of the sewer or an assured future use of such a nature that the owner can enfcrce his right and secure the benefits.
    6. Same—rule where property is within sewer district but not on line of main sewer. Property not abutting upon the line of a main sewer may be assessed to the extent of its benefits if it is within the defined' limits of a district having the right to drain into the sewer, but some provision must be made for securing that right to the property.
    
      7. Same—party making an assessment for sewer shoilld report boundaries of districts. The improvement board’s division of a city into sewer districts for the purpose of constructing a connected system of sewers is not a conclusive determination that all property in such districts can be assessed, and it is the duty of the person making the assessment to designate and report the district which will be benefited by the proposed sewer, describing such district by boundaries, and it is not sufficient to merely assess the lands in the district as fixed by the improvement board.
    Appear from the County Court of Lawrence county; the ITon. J. A. Benson, Judge, presiding.
    W. F. Foster, and P. W. Barnes, for appellants.
    McGaughey & Tohirr, for appellee.
   Mr. Justice Cartwright

delivered the opinion of the court:

Appellee, city of Lawrenceville, in Lawrence county, began this proceeding by filing its petition in the county court of said county for a special assessment to pay for that part of a connected system of sewers located in sewer district No. 3. The county court overruled legal objections interposed by the appellants, T. R. Hennessey and P. W. Barnes, and the question of benefits was submitted to a jury. Lands of Hennessey were assessed in that district at $1061, and the jury reduced the assessment to $800. The lands of P. W. Barnes were assessed at $500, and the jury reduced the amount to $300. The court confirmed the assessments as reduced and appellants appealed from the judgment.

The board of local improvements of the city of Lawrenceville adopted a general scheme of sewers for the city with an outlet in the Embarrass river and divided the city into four sewer districts. On July 2, 1909, the board presented to the city council reports and estimates together with four ordinances, one for each district. The ordinances were passed and approved on that day. Section 38 of the Local Improvement act provides that upon the filing of a petition in court for a special assessment, the superintendent of special assessments in cities where such officer is provided for by law, otherwise some competent person appointed by the president of the board of local improvements, shall make a true and impartial assessment of the cost of said improvement. On the same day that the ordinances were passed, and before the filing of any petition, the president of the board of local improvements appointed Guy W. Courier to make the assessments in the several districts and Courier proceeded to make the same. On July 16, 1909 the city filed a petition for the special assessment involved in this case in district No. 3, and thereupon Courier filed his assessment roll on the same day.

One of the objections was, that the assessment' was made by a person not legally qualified to make the same by reason of his being a non-resident of the city and county. Courier testified that he resided in Mt. Carmel, in Wabash county, and had never resided in Lawrenceville or Lawrence county, and that he made the assessments under an agreement to make the four assessment rolls ’ for $400, provided they went through, and if they failed he was to get nothing. Section 6 of article 6 of the Cities and Villages act provides that no person shall be eligible to any office, except that of city engineer or attorney of an incorporated village, who is not a qualified elector of the city or village and who shall not have resided therein at least one year next preceding his election or appointment. In cities having a population of 50,000 or more there is the office of superintendent of special assessments, but there is no such office in cities of the population of Lawrenceville, where the president of the board of local improvements is authorized to appoint some competent person to make an assessment. The person so appointed is not technically an officer, but is an agent or employee for a single and specific purpose, whose functions are at an end upon the completion of his work. An office is a public position which does not end with the performance of a particular duty; (People v. Loeffler, 175 Ill. 585;) but the legislature evidently regarded the person appointed to make an assessment as an officer, since he is called an “officer” in defining his duties in section 39 of the Local Improvement act. He is to be a competent person, which means legally qualified as well as fit and capable to perform the duty imposed upon him. The legislature never could have intended that a non-resident should exercise authority and functions in making a special assessment in a city with a population of less than 50,000, when a superintendent of assessments, exercising the same authority and functions in a city of larger population, must be a qualified elector who has resided in the city for one year. It would be unreasonable to hold that the legislature meant by the language used to include aliens, non-residents or minors, provided only they have the knowledge necessary for the performance of the work. It is necessarily implied from all the provisions of the statute that one who is legally qualified and designated as an officer must be a resident of the municipality. The court' erred in overruling the objection. That error is fatal to the judgment, but there are some other questions involved in the proceeding which must be noticed.

It is contended that the ordinance is void for failing to provide for submitting the question of issuing bonds to a vote of the electors of the city in accordance with an act in force July 1, 1909. (Laws of 1909, p. 130.) The language of that act is quite broad, but it could not have been intended to apply to bonds issued by a city to pay for an improvement in a district embracing only part of a city and where the bonds are not to be paid by taxation but by assessments against the property benefited. In this case the city was divided into four sewer districts and the number and amount of bonds to be issued would be different in the different districts, and it would not be reasonable to say that voters residing out of a particular district and not liable to pay any part of the bonds should have a right to vote on the question whether they should be issued. The act does not apply to bonds issued under the Local Improvement act against a special assessment, and the court did not err in overruling that objection.

There was an objection that the ordinance did not prescribe the depth to which the sewer pipes were to be laid in the ground, and the ordinance was lacking in that essential element. To meet that objection the city produced a witness who said that he was clerk pro tem when an ordinance called by counsel a datum ordinance was passed, and he identified a paper as the original ordinance passed at that time. The testimony was objected to on the ground that the witness was not the legal custodian of the paper, but the court overruled the objection. Afterward, on the trial before the jury, a copy of the ordinance, certified by the clerk, was offered in evidence. It does not appear in the abstract furnished by appellants, or by any additional abstract, what this datum ordinance was, or that it cured in any way the defect in the ordinance for the improvement. So far as appears, the ordinance for the sewers was ' entirely lacking in a necessary element of description, and the objection on that ground should have been sustained.

The objector Hennessey owned a farm of about ninety acres, and about half of it was within the corporate limits. The land was divided by the scheme of the board into two ■ tracts,—one of three hundred feet wide, which was placed in district No. 2 and assessed at $1124.90, and the remainder in district No. 3, involved in this case, and assessed at $1061. The entire farm, except the three hundred feet, both within and outside the corporate limits, was described as assessed in district No. 3. It is argued in this court, under the authority of City of Chicago v. Wells, 236 Ill. 129, that there was no power to divide the lands, but that objection was not- made in the county court. Of course, they could not assess lands outside of the corporation.

There was but one house on Hennessey’s premises, and there was no sewer provided upon, along or through that part of his' land in district No. 3. The nearest water main which would make a sewer available for any other purpose than surface drainage was seven hundred feet from the land, and it did not appear, either on the hearing before the court or the jury, that there would be any benefit from surface drainage. The theory of the witnesses for the city was that the property was adapted for division into city lots for the purposes of buildings and that it would receive benefits to the amount of the assessment for that reason. As there was neither sewer nor water main provided for on the premises there would be no benefit for house drainage. Property not abutting on the line of a main sewer may be assessed to the extent of its benefits if it is within the defined limits of a district having the right to drain into the sewer, but some provision must be made securing that right to the property. (Mason v. City of Chicago, 178 Ill. 499.) Special assessments are based solely upon and justified by benefits to property, and property cannot be assessed for a sewer unless' it is benefited by a present use of the sewer or by an assured future use of such a nature that the owner can enforce his right and thereby secure the benefits.

The board of local improvements divided the city into four sewer districts and presented four ordinances applicable to the different districts, which were passed by the city council, and Courier proceeded to assess the property included in the districts. The determination of the city was not conclusive that all property in the districts could be assessed. Section 39 of the Local Improvement act provides that when the proposed improvement is for the construction of a sewer, the officer must designate and report the district which will be benefited by such proposed sewer, describing the same by boundaries, and the court can then determine the question if the report is challenged. Courier did not report the district which would be benefited, describing the same by boundaries, but merely assessed the lands contained in the district, and the objection that he had not complied with the law ought to have been sustained.

The judgment is reversed and the cause remanded.

Reversed and remanded.