Case ID: miss_2/html/0510-01.html
Source: Caselaw Access Project
Author: {"author": "Mr. Chief Justice Shahkey", "license": "Public Domain", "url": "https://static.case.law/"}
Date Created: 2024-08-24T03:29:51.129683

M’Niell et al., Administrators, Appellants, v. Burton et al., Respondents.
    A plaintiff cannot demand by the same bill several distinct matters against several defendants. They must have an interest in the same object in relation to which redress is sought.
    Where administrators and executors of an estate, and their sureties incur different responsibilities, which would require different examinations and accounts, they cannot be made defendants to the same bill.
    APPEAL from chancery".
    Plaintiffs brought their suit in equity to aid a judgment at law. The debt on which judgment was had, was contracted by Joseph King. After his death Joseph King administered, and gave Henry Cassells and Agrippa Gayden as sureties. In 1817 the orphans’ court annulled the first bond, and directed a new one to be given, which was accordingly executed with David Lea and Richard Hurst as sureties. In 1819 David Lea and Richard Hurst were appointed administrators de bonis non, and executed bond with Charles Davis and James Jones as sureties. In December of the same year the letters of Hurst and Lea were revoked, and John Burton was appointed administrator with Edmund Jenkins and William Gardner as sureties.
    In 1819 William King died, and by his will appointed John Burton his executor, who qualified and gave John Lowry and William Stuart as his sureties.
    While William King was acting as administrator of Joseph King, William Rutherford, the plaintiff’s intestate, recovered judgment against him in Louisiana for the amount due him from Joseph King. On this judgment Rutherford instituted suit in the supreme court of Amite county, and in April, 1819, recovered judgment for the amount, not in his representative capacity, but in his own right — a part of which judgment was satisfied by execution. All of these parties were made defendants to complainant’s bill.
    • The defendants filed their demurrer in the chancery court, which was sustained by the chancellor (Quitman) and an appeal taken to the supreme court, and the cause heard and decided at the present term of this court.
    Grayson, for the appellants.
    1. All persons materially interested in the subject of the controversy ought to be parties to the suit — plaintiffs or defendants, however numerous they may be; so that the court may be enabled to do complete justice by deciding upon and settling the rights of all persons interested, and future litigation may be prevented. Mitford on Pleading, edition of 1833, p. 220-239.
    2. A demurrer for multifariousness will hold where the complainant claims several matters of different natures; but where one general right is claimed by the bill, though the defendants have separate and distinct rights, a demurrer will not hold. Mitford on Pleading, ed. of 1833, p. 241; Cooper’s Equity, 33. On this second head let it be remembered that the right of the complainant has its source, not from the bonds given by the different administrators, but from a power behind those bonds. The right exists by virtue of a contract other than the bonds. The bonds are furnished by the statute as- means of enforcing some pre-exist-ing right. The right, therefore, which the complainant claims, is one general right, to wit: one debt attempted to be enforced against one fund on which he has an equitable claim, and which fund he alleges is in the hands of divers persons, and therefore liable to be called to account. -
    3. These defendants are properly made defendants upon the principle of avoiding multiplicity of suits. 12 Vez. 58; 1 Mun-ford Rep. 16,17, 20; 1 Wash. Rep. 168-312; 2 H. & Munf, S-9; 5 Mason’s Rep. 95; Fonb. Eq. 522, n. The cases referred to under this head are directly in point to the case now before the court: they fully sustain the principle that “ a court of equity has jurisdiction to maintain suits in favor of legatees and distributees for their portions of the estate of the deceased, notwithstanding there may be a remedy at law on the administrator’s bond, in favor of the party. So -a creditor may come into a court of chancery against an administrator, for- a discovery and distribution of assets.” Further to sustain this principle, see the last authorities cited. 4 Johns. Chan. Rep. 619; 3 Ibid. 56; 2 Ibid. 296; Harding’s Rep. 404; 3 Atkinson’s Rep. 571; 1 Scho. & Lef. 262.
    . 4. Whether any right arises in favor of the complainants from the judgment, which it is insisted by the defendants is defective, or not, it makes no difference, as to the relief prayed. For the debt is still acknowledged as subsisting and unsatisfied, and the case still stands to be governed by all the principles contended for, except the one consequent upon the judgment and execution returned.
    5. As an instance to show how material^ interested the sureties on bond are, in a suit against their principal, and for that reason, should be made parties, the court is referred to the decision of the supreme court of the United States, by which they establish the principle, that a judgment against the principal, is evidence in a suit against the surety. Drummond v. Prestman, 12 Wheat. Rep. 519.
    6. If the judgment in Louisiana was void, the admission by William King, contained in the record, of the amount and existence of the debt, established the fact, that the debt remained then unpaid.
    7. It must be remembered that the judgments, alleged by the complainants to have been obtained in Louisiana and Mississippi, are not made to constitute the basis or ground of jurisdiction, for coming into a court of chancery. They are alluded to and referred to in the bill, as additional evidence of the debt stated to be due. The grounds of jurisdiction are involved in the principles previously adverted to. The sureties do not deny the debt; the amount and existence of it appear clearly established by the evidence in the cause, together with the admission of William King the administrator.
    He also cited 1 Marshall’s Rep. 489; 6 Mon. Rep. 410; 1 Mon. Rep. 207; 2 J. J. Marsh, 198. 201; 4 Munf. Rep. 457. 28; 6 Johns. Chan. Rep. 139; Hall’s Dig. 214. 259; 1 H. & Mum 10; 1 Pirtle. Dig. 428, sec. 97; 4 Johns. Chan. Rep. 619. 409; 3 Johns. Chan. Rep. 553. ■
    Buckner and Marsh, contra.
    
    We insist upon sustaining the demurrer on the grounds following, to wit:
    1. There is no such indentity of interest, or unity of liability, amongst the defendants, as to authorise their joinder. Not only is there an absence of such identity and unity, as regards the defendants, but the rights sought to be enforced against the defendants, attaches in favor of the complainants upon separate and distinct liabilities, to AVit; their several and distinct bonds. See Mitford’s PI. 239, 240, note 5; Amer. Dig. 270.
    2. The defendants, Avho are sureties, cannot be made liable in this shape, their liability being secondary, and arising only upon the default of the principle judicially ascertained; and as sureties they have a right to stand upon the strict terms of the bond, and their liability cannot be extended beyond it. The Virginia decisions cited by the appellants’ counsel sustain this ground, and see Revised Code, 41; 2 Nott & McC. 213; 2 Nott. & McC. 587; 16 Mass. Rep. Can a mere change of form change these rights? Is it true that the rights of sureties are to be limited and restricted in a court of equity, beyond what they are at law?
    3. The only shape in which an administrator or executor can be called in question, in this court, by a creditor, is by a bill for the discovery of effects, resting upon the idea, that the administrator is a trustee for those interested in the distribution of the estate; but can, or does this relation exist between the sureties and the creditors, or distributees? Surely not. See 3 Johns. Chan. Rep. 50; 1 Scho. & Lef.262; 3 Atkins. 572; 1 Johns. Chan. Rep. 305.
    4. But suppose the demurrer to be overruled, it is insisted, by complainants, that Ave are foreclosed from an inquiry in regard to our credits, by the judgments at kiw against King. To AAdiich Ave ansAver. 1. That if the judgment in Louisiana is to be regarded as a judgment against William King, individually, then the estate of Joseph King was thereby discharged from the debt; and 2. If it was a judgment against him, as administrator, then the same was void, and of no effect, and as a consequence, the judgment in this state being founded upon it, the court of Louisiana having no jurisdiction over King, in his fiduciary character. See Mass. Dig. 383, 384, 385; 5 Mass. Rep. 67; 1 Starkie on Ev. 215; 8 Wheaton, 642; Walker’s Rep. 211.
    But thirdly, admit the judgment to be binding upon King, the defendants, who are sureties, are not then concluded thereby,not being parties or privy. See 2. Pick. 897; 4 Cow.en, 457;-5 Pick. 96; 5 Am. Dig. 277.
   Mr. Chief Justice Shahkey

delivered the opinion of the court.

As a preliminary question we must determine how far our inquiries are to be extended. The defendants first demurrred to the bill, and the chancellor sustained the demurrer, and an appeal was taken from his decision to the former. supreme court, where the decree of the chancellor sustaining the demurrer and dismissing the bill was reversed, and the defendants ordered to answer.

If that decision of the supreme court is to be regarded as conclusive then we have nothing to do with the matter further, than to examine the correctness of the interlocutory decree as predicated on the bill, answers and proof. Although I was at first inclined to think that the judgment of the supreme court could not now be opened, and that it should be regarded as conclusive on the matter decided, yet, as the other members of the court entertain a different opinion, I willingly yield my impression and concede the point. The case was argued as though the merits of the demurrer were still open, and there are certainly strong reasons for so considering it. It is still in a state of progress, and the object is to arrive at a just conclusion under the settled principles on which courts' of equity proceed. The final decree should be made in strict conformity to these principles, and. if error has intervened in any stage of the cause, its effects would exist throughout the whole of the subsequent proceeding, and the final adjudication would necessarily be tainted by its influence.

This court cannot be bound to make a decree which would not be justified by the case made out; and if the decision overruling the demurrer had been made in this court, we should not hesitate to correct our errors at the first opportunity before final judgment. Being called upon to act under an interlocutory decree of the supreme court, it is reasonable that we should pursue the same course, the two courts being substantially the same under different names. As we do not therefore consider ourselves estopped by the decision of the supreme court, the whole case is open on ■its merits, and we think the demurrer was correctly sustained by the chancellor.

The objection to the bill arises from a misjoinder of parties, as 'must appear from a review of the facts, and the character in which the defendants are charged. The debt, as it originally existed, was contracted by Joseph King in his lifetime; After his death William King administered, and gave Henry Cassels and Agrippa Gayden as sureties. In 1817, the orphans’ court affected to annul the first bond and directed a new one to be given, which was accordingly executed with David Lea and Richard Hurst as sureties. In 1819, David Lea and Richard Hurst were appointed administrators de bonis non, and they executed bond with Charles Davis and James Jones as sureties, and in December, 1819, the letters to Lea and Hurst were revoked, and John Burton was appointed administrator, and executed bond with Edmund Jenkins and William Gardner as sureties. In -1819, William King died, and by his will appointed John Burton his executor; who qualified and gave John Lowry and William Stuart as his sureties. While William King was acting ■ as administrator of Joseph King, William Rutherford, the plaintiff’s intestate, recovered judgment against him, in Louisiana, for the amount due him from Joseph King, which is the debt claimed by the bill. On this judgment from Louisiana, Rutherford instituted a suit in the superior court of Amite county against William King, and in April 1819, recovered judgment against him for the amount, not in his representative capacity but in his own. right, a part of which judgment was subsequently satisfied by execution. All of these parties are made defendants to cqmplainants’ ' bill, which is brought in aid of their judgment at law.

Having thus shown the nature of the claim set up, and the several characters in which the parties are attempted to be made liable, let us notice the acknowledged rules by which we are to judge of that liability. A plaintiff cannot demand by the same bill several distinct matters against several defendants. Mitford’s Pl. 181. This rule is general in terms, and may not appear to have an application to the case, yet I apprehend it must fall within the spirit of the rule. The author in continuation says; “ When one general right is claimed, though the defendants have separate and distinct interests, a demurrer will not hold.” The clear deduction from this is, that although the defendants may have a separate and distinct interest, yet they must have an interest in the same object, in relation to which redress is sought. And when the defendants do not sustain any relation or privity towards one another, nor to the subject matter of the suit, nor towards the plaintiff, but stand in different capacities, and upon different grounds of accountability, and to several persons, the reason of the rule would seem to apply to them. It is certain'that several and distinct matters cannot be included in the same bill, even as between the same parties; and the reason given is, that separate and distinct examinations and accounts, would be required. 4 Johns. Chan. Rep. 204. If matters different in their natures between the same parties, would subject a bill to a demurrer, the reason of the ruffe must apply with equal force to different defendants who have no mutual or connecting interest in the same subject matter. Wren et al. v. Gayden, decided this term.

Let us, then, examine how these defendants stand in relation to this matter. Supposing that it is still a claim unchanged in its character against the estate of Joseph King; there might be some propriety in making all persons parties, who had been administrators of the estate, and also their several sureties. This rule would necessarily include, First, Henry Cassels and Agrippa Gayden as sureties of William King, (he being dead.) Secondly, David Lea and Richard Hurst, as his second sureties; and Thirdly, Lea and Hurst as administrators, with Davis and Jones as their sureties. And lastly, John Burton, as administrator, and Edmund Jenkins nd William Gardner as his sureties. If the bill had stopped after ncluding these parties, it would probably be free from 'objection; but it does not. Other parties are included, who do not appear to sustain a responsible relation to the plaintiffs in regard to the subject matter of the bill. John Burton, as the executor of the last will and testament of William King, in his capacity of executor, is also made a party. In his capacity of executor, his responsibility is widely different from that responsibility which arose in consequence of his mal-administration of the estate of Joseph King, and would require a different examination, and a different account. As executor of William King, he was trustee for creditors and distributors of the estate, and there is nothing to show that the complainant had brought himself within the rule by which the executor could know him as a creditor.

But even if Burton in his capacity of executor, was liable for the mal-administration of William King, how could his' sureties, Loury and Stewart, be considered also liable? They had entered into bond with him, for the performance of his duties as executors. They did not undertake to be responsible for the acts of William King. As sureties, they have a right to stand upon the terms of their undertaking, and that undertaking was for John Burton as executor. Their bond did not make them responsible • for the mal-administration of William King. If Burton has performed his duties as executor, there can be no reason for making them liable. It is immaterial as to them whether Burton discharged the duties of administrator or not, as they did not undertake to be responsible for him in that capacity.

The plaintiffs predicate their claim solely on the ground of the mal-administration of Joseph King’s estate, and with that estate, or the administration of it, the defendants, Loury and Stewart, are wholly unconnected; and if King had property in his possession, which was liable to the complainants’ demand, and even if that property came into the hands of Burton as executor, the liability of these defendants is secondary.

Upon this view of the liabilities of the parties, it is believed that the chancellor properly sustained the demurrer, and we have proceeded upon the supposition that it is still, as the complainants insist, a claim against the estate of Joseph King. The same consequence would necessarily result, if we were to consider the claim as changed by the judgment against William King in his own right; and as the parties may wish to pursue their claims in a new shape, we forbear giving any opinion as to the effect of that judgment.

The demurrer must be sustained, and the bill dismissed.