Case ID: f-appx_539/html/0803-01.html
Source: Caselaw Access Project
Author: {"author": "", "license": "Public Domain", "url": "https://static.case.law/"}
Date Created: 2024-08-24T03:29:51.129683

UNITED STATES of America, Plaintiff-Appellee, v. Jorge CARVAJAL, Defendant-Appellant.
    No. 12-50322.
    United States Court of Appeals, Ninth Circuit.
    Submitted July 30, 2013.
    
    Filed Aug. 30, 2013.
    Bruce R. Castetter, Assistant U.S., Office of the U.S. Attorney, Jennifer L. Gmi-tro, Esquire, United States Department of Justice, San Diego, CA, for Plaintiff-Ap-pellee.
    
      Jennifer Lynn Coon, Law Office of Jennifer L. Coon, San Diego, CA, for Defendant-Appellant.
    Before: HUG, CANBY, and LEAVY, Circuit Judges.
    
      
       The panel unanimously concludes this case is suitable for decision without oral argument. See Fed. R.App. P. 34(a)(2).
    
   MEMORANDUM

Jorge Carvajal appeals from the district court’s judgment and challenges the 27-month sentence imposed following his guilty-plea conviction for being a deported alien found in the United States, in violation of 8 U.S.C. § 1326. We have jurisdiction under 28 U.S.C. § 1291, and we affirm.

Carvajal contends that his sentence is substantively unreasonable because the prior conviction triggering an eight-level Guidelines enhancement was stale. He relies on United States v. Amezcua-Vasquez, 567 F.3d 1050 (9th Cir.2009), which held a 16-level enhancement unreasonable because it took no account of the staleness of the conviction that gave rise to the enhancement. Carvajal’s case is distinguishable, however, because the staleness of Carvajal’s triggering conviction was taken into account under post-Amezcua amendments to the Guidelines that resulted in a lower enhancement. In addition, Carvajal had a prior conviction for re-entry after removal. On this record, the district court did not abuse its discretion in imposing Carvajal’s sentence. See Gall v. United States, 552 U.S. 38, 51, 128 S.Ct. 586, 169 L.Ed.2d 445 (2007). The 27-month sentence at the top of the Guidelines range is substantively reasonable in light of the 18 U.S.C. § 3553(a) sentencing factors and the totality of the circumstances, including Carvajal’s prior 27-month sentence for violating section 1326. See id.

Carvajal’s contention that Almendarez-Torres v. United States, 523 U.S. 224, 118 S.Ct. 1219, 140 L.Ed.2d 350 (1998), was overruled by Nijhawan v. Holder, 557 U.S. 29, 129 S.Ct. 2294, 174 L.Ed.2d 22 (2009), is foreclosed. See United States v. Valdovinos-Mendez, 641 F.3d 1031, 1036 (9th Cir.2011).

AFFIRMED. 
      
       This disposition is not appropriate for publication and is not precedent except as provided by 9th Cir. R. 36-3.