Case ID: ohio-cc-ns_23/html/0156-01.html
Source: Caselaw Access Project
Author: {"author": "Jones (E. H.), J.", "license": "Public Domain", "url": "https://static.case.law/"}
Date Created: 2024-08-24T03:29:51.129683

TIME LIMIT FOR. FILING A BILL OF EXCEPTIONS.
    Court of Appeals for Hamilton County.
    Joseph B. Kelley, Administrator, etc., v. Louis P. Hermann et al.
    Decided, December, 1914.
    
      Bills of Exceptions — Construction of the Statutes Relating to the Time Limit for Filing — General Code, 11472.
    There is no warrant for considering a bill of exceptions which was not filed in the court of appeals .until eighty days after the entering of the judgment in the common pleas court, notwithstanding said judgment was entered more than a month before the overruling of the motion for a new trial and the bill of exceptions was within proper time allowed and filed in the trial court within seventy-seven days. Had it been filed in the court of appeals on the same day as in the common pleas court it might have been considered.
    W. F. Chambers and J. B. Kelley, for plaintiff in error.
    
      Simeon Johnson, contra.
    Jones (Oliver B.), J.; Swing, J., concurs; Jones (E. H.), J., concurs in a separate opinion.
    This cause comes before the court on a motion filed by a defendant in error to strike from the files the bill of exceptions filed herein because the same was not filed within the time provided by law.
   The record shows that a final decree was rendered in this ease February 20, 1914. Motion for new trial was filed February 21, 1914, by the present plaintiff in error, who was defendant below, which motion was overruled on March 21, 1914. On April 16, 1914, a bill of exceptions was prepared and filed by the defendant below, plaintiff in error here. After objections and an extension of time this bill of exceptions was allowed and filed in the trial court, May 8, 1914. On May 11, 1914, the bill of exceptions with an additional transcript showing its filing below was filed in this court. The petition in error, original papers other than the bill of exceptions, and the original transcript, were filed in this court March 30, 1914. It will be observed that the bill of exceptions was originally filed on the 26th day after the overruling of the motion for a new trial, and was within the time prescribed by Section 11564 of the General Code; and it was finally allowed and filed in the trial court on the 48th day after the overruling of the motion for a new trial, which was within the time prescribed by law.

It is contended by defendants in error that under the provisions of Sections 32263 and 12270, General Code, as amended, a bill of exceptions must be filed in the court of appeals within seventy days, and that if filed later than that date it can not in any event be considered. This brings the court to a construction of the terms of Section 11572, General Code, which is as follows:

“A party desiring to have a final judgment or order reviewed, on error, may file his petition in error, his transcript and other papers in the proper court, without waiting to perfect a bill of exceptions, and thereupon may, if he desires, secure a stay of execution of such judgment or order, by giving the bond therefor as provided by law. Thereafter, within the time limited by law therefor, he may prepare, have allowed and signed, a bill of exceptions, which, when duly allowed and filed in the trial court, he also may file in the error proceeding; whereupon it shall be be received and considered by the reviewing court as if filed with his petition in error. ’ ’

The words found in the last sentence of this section, “within the time limited by law therefor,” refer to the time fixed for the original filing of the bill of exceptions in Section 11564, and for the signing and allowing of same by the trial judge, including any extension of time made by him under Sections 11565 to 11571 inclusive. And the words in the same section “which when duly allowed and filed with the trial court he may also file in the error proceeding,' ’ fix the utmost limit within which a bill of exceptions may be filed in the error proceeding as the time when it must be filed in the trial court if beyond the seventy day period fixed by Section 12270, General Code.

In this case the final allowance and filing of the bill of exceptions by the trial court, May 8, 1914, was seventy-seven days after the entry of the judgment, and if the bill of exceptions had been filed in the reviewing court on the same day that it was filed in the trial court, under the terms of Section 11572, it might be received and considered, even though it were filed seven days after the limit of time ordinarily fixed. But plaintiff, on whom the duty rested, failed to file the bill of exceptions in this court within that time, but filed it three days later, which is outside of the utmost limit allowed by law, and there is therefore no warrant for its consideration by this court.

Motion to strike it from the files will therefore be granted. And it appearing from an inspection of the .record that a bill of exceptions is necessary to show any of the errors claimed in the petition in error, the judgment of the court below must be affirmed.

Jones (E. H.), J.

I agree with my associates in the construction of Section 11572, General Code. I most reluctantly concur in the action of the court in striking the bill of exceptions from the files, and do so only because the question seems to have been settled in this state by the language of the court in deciding the case of Young v. Schallenberger, 53 O. S., 291, and by Dowty v. Pepple, 58 O. S., 395.

The construction which I think our statutes bear is discussed and expressly disapproved by Judge Williams on page 299, et seq., of the opinion in the former case. It will be noted that it was claimed by counsel for plaintiff in error in that case “that the judgment was prematurely entered, and for the purposes of the question here should be treated as rendered at the time of the overruling of the motion for new trial.” The Supreme Court found against this contention. At that time six months were allowed from the date of the judgment within which to file a petition in error and it is quite likely that situations such as this did not often arise.

But with the time reduced to seventy days they become less rare. Within two months this court has stricken from the files four bills of exceptions. In at least two instances the motions for new trial were still pending, and in one case it had not been argued, seventy days after the entering of the judgment. The motions for new trial in all of the cases, as in this, were filed under authority of Section 11576, General Code. That section is found in Chapter 5, Part 3, Title 4, Division 3 of the General Code. In this section and throughout the chapter where it is found, the motion for a new trial, such as was filed in this case, is described as a motion after ‘ ‘ a verdict by a jury, a report of a referee or master, or a decision by the court” (see Section 11575, General Code). This chapter bears the heading “New Trial.” Chapter 6 of Division 4, Part 3, Title 1 of the General Code, bears the heading “Other Relief after Judgment.” This is probably only important to show the construction placed upon these sections by the codifiers and the views they held which led to this collection and arrangement of the provisions of the code with reference to the re-submission of a case.

I think that the judgment by the court below in this case was entered prematurely. The section under which the motion for new trial was filed contemplates, and indeed expressly provides, that such motion must be filed after the decision, verdict or report.

The understanding which I have of this and the following sections is that the motion and the decision thereon must antedate the judgment. "When the Legislature provided that the motion should be made within three days after the decision, the intention was that it should be made before the judgment, and this is as clear to my mind as if the words “before judgment” were incorporated in the statute. A judgment entry made prior to the disposition of a motion for new trial is not void but is, with due respect to the opinion of the Supreme Court, prematurely entered. And for the purpose of this motion the judgment should be considered as having been entered at the time or after the motion for new trial was overruled.

Such a construction would obviate much of the difficulty and awkwardness in which attorneys and clients are placed by the unauthorized haste in which judgments are entered in cases like unto this. A situation in which a lawyer finds that he is required to prepare and file a petition in error and bill of exceptions while his motion for new trial is still pending, and before he can be sure he will have any complaint to urge in a reviewing court, certainly calls for new legislation or a new construction of that which we now have. I am of the opinion that no new legislation is necessary and that, if practicable, the matter should again be presented to the Supreme Court for consideration.