Case ID: ny-st-rep_73/html/0394-01.html
Source: Caselaw Access Project
Author: {"author": "INGRAHAM, J.", "license": "Public Domain", "url": "https://static.case.law/"}
Date Created: 2024-08-24T03:29:51.129683

Amelia L. Spies, as Executrix, etc., App’lt, v. Henrich Michelsen, Resp’t.
    
      (Supreme Court, Appellate Division, First Department,
    
    
      Filed March 6, 1896.)
    
    
      1. Pleading—Motion to dismiss.
    - Upon a motion to dismiss an action on the ground that the complaint x does not state facts sufficient to constitute a cause of action, the complaint ■will he deemed sufficient whenever the requisite allegations can he fairly-stated from all the averments, although the statement of them may he argumentative, and the pleadings deficient in logical order and in technical language, and will be held to state all facts that can be implied irom the allegations by reasonable and fair intendment, and facts so impliedly averred are traversable in the same manner as though directly stated.
    3. Executor—Personal promise.
    A promise made to an executor to pay a debt due to the decedent can be enforced by the executor either individually or in his representative capacity.
    3. Same.
    Where the complaint alleges that the defendant is indebted to the plaintiff’s testator at the time of his death, in a certain amount, upon an open account, and that, subsequent to the death, on an accounting as between the plaintiff, as executor, and the defendant, the sum named had been found to he due, which the defendant had promised to pay, the plaintiff can maintain the action in her representative capacity.
    4. Same.*
    An allegation in a complaint, filed by the plaintiff as executrix, that, on an accounting between plaintiff and herself as such executrix, defendant was found indebted to her as executrix, states a good cause of action for the recovery of the amount in favor of plaintiff in her representative capacity.
    Appeal from a judgment of dismissal on a trial before a jury.
    James Harold Warner, for app’lt; Hamilton R Squier, for resp’t.
   INGRAHAM, J.

The court dismissed the complaint in this ac tion upon the pleadings, the motion being upon the ground that the complaint does not state facts sufficient to constitute a cause of action. The court seems to have granted the motion upon the proposition that counsel who places a cause upon the short-cause calendar should at least have his complaint explicit, and leave no room for doubt as to its meaning. The only question is as to whether or not the complaint alleges a good cause of action in favor of the plaintiff against the defendant. The question presented is the same as upon a demurrer to the complaint on the ground that the same does not state facts sufficient to constitute a case of action. Upon such a motion, the complaint will be deemed sufficient whenever the requisite allegations can be fairly stated from all the averments, although the statement of them may be argumentative and the pleadings deficient in logical order and technical language. - The pleading will be held to state all the facts that can be implied from the allegations by reasonable and fair intendment, and facts so impliedly averred are traversable in the the same manner as though directly stated. See Sage v. Culver, 147 N. Y. 245; 69 St. Rep. 524.

Assuming that the cause was brought by the plaintiff in a representative capacity, as executrix of the estate of Francis Spies, deceased, we have to determine whether or not any cause of action is alleged in favor of the estate. The action is brought upon the ground stated, between the plaintiff as executrix and the defendant. It seems to be settled that a promise made to an executor to pay a debt due to the decedent can be enforced by the executor either individually or in his representative capacity. The case of Bingham v. Marine Nat. Bank, 41 Hun, 378; 2 St. Rep. 638; affirmed by court of appeals in 112 N.Y. 661; 20 St. Rep. 292, is ample authority for that proposition. That was an action to recover upon a certificate of deposit, payable to the order of the plaintiffs as administrators of the estate of Moulton, and it was held that plaintiffs were at liberty, therefore, either to bring the action in their own names as individuals, or as representatives of the estate. On appeal to the court of appeals the court say:

“If therefore, the plaintiffs are regarded in their different capacities as different persons, no other result could be reached. The certificate of deposit, when produced upon the trial, bore the general and unrestricted indorsement of the payees. It was good, therefore, either as the. property of the plaintiffs as individuals, or as administrators, under the letters issued in New York. However sued, the money recovered would belong to the estate, and whether the description of the' person be rejected as surplusage, or retained, could in no manner be important.

The question is whether the facts stated in this complaint, including those that could-be implied from the allegations by reasonable and fair intendment, allege a cause of action in favor of the estate of which the plaintiff is executrix. The material allegations, after alleging the appointment of plaintiff as executrix, are that the testator, before his death, was a merchant doing business in New York; that he died on the 21st day of June, 1893; that on or about the 1st day of August, 1893, the plaintiff, as’ execu-, trix aforesaid, and the defendant, Heinrich Miehelsen, came to an accounting; that, at such accounting, defendant was found to be indebted to the plaintiff, as executrix, in the sum of $4,334.33, upon an open account for advances, interest, and' merchandise, which amount defendant promised to pay; .and that there is now due and owing to the plaintiff, as executrix of the said last will and testatment, the said sum and interest. It seems to us that this can be fairly said to be an allegation that the open account was one existing between plaintiff’s testator and the defendant at the time of the testator’s death, and that the promise that was made to the plaintiff as executrix was a promise to pay the balance of that account existing in favor of the plaintiff’s testator against the defendant. The accounting was alleged to be between plaintiff as executrix and defendant, that on such accounting the defendant was found to be indebted to the plaintiff as executrix, and° that there is now due and owing to the plaintiff as executrix a sum of money. If the contract had been an individual one between the plaintiff and the defendant, an accounting would have been between the plaintiff individually and defendant, and not between plaintiff as executrix and defendant. The fair intendment of this allegation is, we think, that the account that existed was one that existed between the estate of which plaintiff was the representative and the defendant, and not an accounting in which the defendant was indebted to the plaintiff individually, and that promise having been made upon such accounting, was a promise to pay to the estate which, under the authority above cited, the plaintiff could enforce in her representative capacity as against the defendant.

No question is here presented as to the right of this defendant’ to offset any judgment that he should have, either as against the plaintiff individually, or as against the estate of which plaintiff is the representative. There can be no doubt that, had the complaint alleged that the defendant was indebted to the plaintiff’s testator at the time of his death, to any amount, upon an open account, and that, subsequent to the death, on an accounting as between the plaintiff, as executrix, and the defendant, the sum, named had been found to be due, which the defendant ha<$ promised to pay, the plaintiff could have maintained this action in her representative capacity; and that, we think, can be said to be fairly alleged in the complaint as it stands.

We think, therefore, that the judgment should be reversed, and a new trial ordered, with costs to the appellant to abide the event,

All concur.