Case ID: a3d_147-2/html/0653-01.html
Source: Caselaw Access Project
Author: {"author": "ZARELLA, J. ROGERS, C.J., concurring.", "license": "Public Domain", "url": "https://static.case.law/"}
Date Created: 2024-08-24T03:29:51.129683

State of Connecticut v. Terry P. Herring
    SC 19383
    Supreme Court of Connecticut.
    Argued December 7, 2015 Officially released October 25, 2016
    Mary A. Beattie, assigned counsel, for the appellant (defendant).
    Laurie N. Feldman, special deputy assistant state's attorney, with whom, on the brief, were Scott J. Murphy, state's attorney, and Christian Watson, assistant state's attorney, for the appellee (state).
    Timothy H. Everett, Todd D. Fernow and Elisa L. Villa, and Thadius Bochain, Robert Fontaine and Benjamin Haldeman, certified legal interns, filed a brief for the Connecticut Criminal Defense Lawyers Association as amicus curiae.
    Rogers, C. J., and Palmer, Zarella, Eveleigh and McDonald, Js.
   ZARELLA, J.

The defendant, Terry P. Herring, appeals from the judgment of the Appellate Court affirming his conviction, rendered after a jury trial, of conspiracy to distribute one kilogram or more of a cannabis-type substance in violation of General Statutes §§ 21a-278(b) and 53a-48, and possession of one kilogram or more of a cannabis-type substance with intent to sell as an accessory in violation of § 21a-278(b) and General Statutes § 53a-8. State v. Herring , 151 Conn.App. 154, 155, 173, 94 A.3d 688 (2014). The Appellate Court concluded, inter alia, that, under the waiver rule announced in State v. Kitchens , 299 Conn. 447, 482-83, 10 A.3d 942 (2011), the defendant failed to preserve his claim that the trial court had incorrectly instructed the jury on the state of mind required to find him guilty of both offenses. See State v. Herring , supra, 170-71, 94 A.3d 688. On appeal to this court, the defendant does not challenge the Appellate Court's conclusion that he waived his jury instruction claim under Kitchens. Instead, he requests that the waiver rule in Kitchens be overturned and that his claim be reviewed under State v. Golding , 213 Conn. 233, 239-40, 567 A.2d 823 (1989). He contends that, if this court reviews his claim under Golding, he would prevail because the trial court's instruction resulted in harmful error. In the alternative, the defendant seeks review under the plain error doctrine. Our resolution of the defendant's request to overturn the waiver rule is controlled by our decision in State v. Bellamy , 323 Conn. 400, 403, 147 A.3d 655 (2016), in which we considered the rule's continued viability and concluded that it should not be overturned. Accordingly, we reject the defendant's request to overturn the waiver rule in Kitchens and to review his jury instruction claim under Golding. We also decline to review his claim under the plain error doctrine because such review is beyond the scope of the certified question.

The judgment of the Appellate Court is affirmed.

In this opinion the other justices concurred.

ROGERS, C.J., concurring.

For the reasons explained in my concurrence in State v. Bellamy , 323 Conn. 400, 454, 147 A.3d 655 (2016), I continue to adhere to my belief that we should overrule our opinion in State v. Kitchens , 299 Conn. 447, 10 A.3d 942 (2011), thereby reinstating the much narrower conception of implied waiver of claims of jury instructional error that predated Kitchens. See State v. Bellamy , supra, 454-55, 147 A.3d 655. Under the unique circumstances and for the limited purpose of the present appeal, however, I concur with and join the majority opinion.

PALMER, J., with whom McDONALD, J., joins, concurring.

I continue to adhere to the views expressed in my concurrence in State v. Bellamy , 323 Conn. 400, 466, 147 A.3d 655 (2016), with respect to the law of implied waiver as applied to jury instruction claims. Under the unique circumstances and for the limited purpose of the present case, however, I concur with and join the majority opinion. 
      
      The defendant claimed on appeal to the Appellate Court, and continues to claim in his brief to this court, that the trial court's jury instructions "lowered the state's burden of proof on both counts and misled the jury" because they included "objective 'reasonable person' language in [their] definition of knowingly, which, by statute, is defined as 'awareness,' a purely subjective determination."
     
      
      We note that the parties in State v. Bellamy , 323 Conn. 400, 147 A.3d 655 (2016), asked this court to adopt the arguments made by the parties and their amicus in the present appeal. See id., 476 n.11, 147 A.3d 655.
     
      
      We granted the defendant's petition for certification to appeal, limited to the following questions: "Should this court overrule [Kitchens ], thereby permitting review of the defendant's unpreserved claim of instructional impropriety? If so, is the defendant entitled to prevail on that claim under [Golding ]?" State v. Herring , 314 Conn. 914, 100 A.3d 849 (2014).
      We also note that the issue of whether waiver under Kitchens precludes plain error review is presently before this court in another pending appeal. See State v. McClain , 319 Conn. 902, 122 A.3d 637 (2015) (granting certification to review issue of whether "the Appellate Court properly determine[d] that an implied waiver of a claim of instructional error that satisfies [Kitchens ] ... also forecloses plain error review" [citation omitted] ).