Case ID: sw_280/html/0798-01.html
Source: Caselaw Access Project
Author: {"author": "BERRY, J. HAWKINS, J.", "license": "Public Domain", "url": "https://static.case.law/"}
Date Created: 2024-08-24T03:29:51.129683

STANFORD v. STATE.
    (No. 9364.)
    (Court of Criminal Appeals of Texas.
    Dec. 16, 1925.
    Rehearing Denied Eeb. IT, 1926.)
    1. Criminal law &wkey;>l 120(8) — Bills of exceptions complaining that “certain part” of check as proved was not alleged held insufficient to present any question for review.
    Bills .of exceptions, stating that “certain part” of description of check offered in evidence was not found on check described in information, in prosecution for swindling, held insufficient to present any question for review.
    2. Criminal law <§=>1091 (2) — Bill of exceptions must be sufficient in itself to rentier ruling intelligible and show error.
    Bill of exceptions must be so complete that it will disclose all that is necessary to manifest alleged error, and must contain enough of evidence or facts proved to render intelligible ruling involved, and it cannot be aided ei-tlier by statement in motion for new trial or by statement of facts.
    3. Criminal law <&wkey;ll4l(2), 1144(>/2) — Trial court presumed to have correctly ruled on matters coming before it; burden on appellant to make bill of exceptions sufficiently clear to enable reviewing tribunal to determine question presented.
    Reviewing tribunal will presume that trial court correctly ruled on matters coming before it, unless contrary is shown, and burden is on appellant to make Ms bill of exceptions sufficiently clear to enable reviewing tribunal to determine question presented.
    4. Criminal law &wkey;l091 (I I) — Appellant must incorporate so much of evidence in bill of exceptions as will verify truth of his objections.
    Appellant must incorporate so much of the evidence in the bill of exceptions as will verify truth of bis objections.
    5. Criminal law <&wkey;l 120(8) — Bill complaining of admission of evidence that defendant was charged with another offense of undisclosed nature held not to show error.
    Bill complaining of admission of evidence that defendant had been charged with an offense in another county held not to show error, where nature of offense was not shown.
    6. Witnesses <&wkey;337(6) — Testimony that defendant had pleaded guilty to other charges of swindling held properly admitted as impeachment.
    In prosecution for swindling, testimony that defendant had pleaded guilty once or twice to charges of swindling in county court held properly admitted to impeach him.
    7. Criminal law <&wkey;l 119(2) — Bill complaining of question asked defendant, whether he had paid a fine within a certain county, held not to show error.
    Bill complaining of cross-examination of defendant as to whether he had paid a fine in a certain county held not to show error, where defendant answered that he had not, and nature of offense was not shown.
    On Motion for Rehearing.
    8. Criminal law <§=3371(3) — Proof that defendant had passed other worthless checks held admissible, though it did not show commission of offense as tending to defeat claim of mistake.
    In prosecution for passing worthless check, proof that defendant gave other checks about same time on same bank which were unpaid, tending to defeat Ms claim that particular check was drawn by mistake, held admissible, though it did not show commission of offense in uttering other checks.
    9. Criminal law <§=3814(1) — Instruction that person presumed to have intended legal consequences of his acts held erroneous where no application made.
    Instruction that a person is presumed to have intended legal consequences of Ms acts held erroneous, where court made no application of it.
    10. Criminal law <&wkey;l 186(4) — Instruction that person presumed to have intended legal consequences of his acts held not revers.ibie error (Code Cr. Proc. 1925, art. 666).
    In prosecution for passing worthless cheek, error in instructing that person is presumed to have intended legal consequences of his acts, in that court made no application of instruction, held not reversible in view of Code Cr. Proc. 1925, art. 666, where defense that check was intended to be drawn on another bank was clearly submitted, and defensive charges given on reasonable doubt were given.
    11. Criminal law &wkey;>824(8) — Error in instruction limiting testimony as too restrictive not ground for complaint, where no special charge requested.
    In prosecution for swindling by passing worthless check, error in instruction, as being too restrictive and not properly limiting, testimony about other unpaid checks, held not ground for complaint, where no special charge was requested correcting such error.
    12. Criminal law <&wkey;>l038(3) — Charge of court in misdemeanor case not reviewed, unless correct special charge to correct supposed error, requested.
    In misdemeanor case, charge of court will not be reviewed though exception be taken, unless correct special charge to correct supposed error is requested.
    Commissioners’ Decision.
    Appeal from Hale County Court; Meade IP. Griffin, Judge.
    E. L. Stanford was convicted of swindling, and he appeals.
    Affirmed.
    Oxford & Oxford, of Plainview, for appellant.
    Sam D. Stinson, State’s Atty., of Austin, and Nat Gentry, Jr., Asst. State’s Atty., of Tyler, for the State.
   BERRY, J.

The appellant was convicted in the county, court of Hale county for the offense of swindling, and his punishment assessed at confinement in the county jail for a term of four months.

The offense grew out of the charge that the appellant drew a certain check on the First State Bank of Hale Center and passed same to Carter-Houston, when In the ordinary course of business the said check would be presented to the said bank appellant did not have sufficient funds in said bank with which to pay said check and had no good reason to believe that said check would be paid, when in the ordinary course of business it would be presented for payment; said appellant representing at the time that said check was good and would be paid.

Appellant seeks to raise the question in his bills of exception 2 and 3 of a variance between the check described in the information and that offered in evidence on the trial of the case. Said bills of exception, however, are entirely insufficient to enable us to review the question sought to he presented. Bill No. 2, after stating that the witness Carter identified a certain check as being given him by the appellant, then described said check so identified. The bill then proceeds as follows:

“And be it further remembered that the state offered said check in evidence, to which the defendant objected because there is a certain part of the description on the check not stated in the information, and because the check offered in evidence is not as described in the information and complaint. And be it remembered that counsel for defendant pointed out to the court specifically the particulars in which there was a variance at the time he made the objections, which objections were by the court overruled, and the check introduced in evidence, and read to the jury, and which check was examined by them, to which action of the court in overruling the defendant’s objections, and in permitting the state to introduce said check in evidence, the defendant then and there excepted, and here and now tenders this his bill of exception No. 2 and asks that the same be examined, signed, approved, and ordered filed as part of the record in this case.”

Bill No. 3 raises the same question in a different form.

These bills of exceptions are entirely insufficient to present any question for review. Robbins v. State, 272 S. W. 175, 100 Tex. Cr. R. 592,- and the authorities there referred to. Our view with reference- to what a bill of exception should contain is fully discussed in the above case, and each of these bills utterly and wholly fails to comply with any of the requisites stated in the above case. As illustrative, bill of exceptions No. 2 merely stated that a certain part of the description of the check offered in evidence was not found on the check described in the information. This bill does not attempt to enlighten this court as to what part of this description was referred to or in any manner enlighten us as to the alleged variance. It has been uniformly held that it is necessary for a bill of exceptions to be so full that in and of itself it will disclose all that is necessary to manifest the alleged error, and that it must contain enough of the evidence or facts proven to render intelligible the ruling involved, and that it cannot be aided either by a statement in the motion for a new trial or by the statement of facts. Of course, if a definite portion of the statement of facts is referred to in such manner as to make it practicable for this court to examine such portion without reviewing extraneous matters, such reference would be sufficient, but a mere general reference to the statement of facts is not sufficient and has been so held by the cases. This court will presume that the trial court correctly ruled on matters coming before it unless the contrary is shown, and the burden is on the appellant seeking' to have the action of the trial court reviewed to make his bill of exceptions sufficiently clear to enable this court to determine the question presented. In order to do this, it is absolutely incumbent on the appellant to incorporate so much of the evidence in the bill of exception as will verify the truth of his objections. From what has been said, it follows that bills of exceptions 2 and 3 do not present error.

Various complaints are made by bills of exceptions to the action of the court in permitting the state to show that the appellant had given other checks on banks without having sufficient funds on hand to meet them. In this connection, we deem it proper to state that the appellant testified in his own behalf, and the substance of his testimony was to the effect that he had no intention of swindling the prosecuting witness, but that the check was given on the wrong bank through mistake. In view of the appellant’s testimony, it was proper to admit evidence of other offense of a similar nature for the purpose of shedding light on appellant’s intent in the transaction under investigation. This rule is well settled in Texas, and is no longer open to discussion. Crosslin v. State, 235 S. W. 905, 90 Tex. Cr. R. 467; Rosamond v. State, 263 S. W. 297, 97 Tex. Cr. R. 569; Id., 249 S. W. 468, 94 Tex. Cr. R. S; Greer v. State, 222 S. W. 986, 87 Tex. Cr. R. 432.

Complaint is also made at the court’s action in permitting the state to show that appellant had been charged with an offense in Floyd county. The bills fail to show the nature of the offense, and there is nothing contained in said bill showing any error.

There is no error manifested by bill No. 6, which complains of the court’s action in permitting the state to show by the appellant while on the witness stand that he had pleaded guilty once or twice to charges of swindling in the county court. It is permissible to impeach a witness by showing that he had been convicted of a felony or misdemeanor involving moral turpitude. Under this well-known rule, this testimony was properly admitted.

Bill of exceptions No. 7 complains of the court’s action in permitting the state’s attorney to ask the appellant, while a witness in his own behalf, as to whether or not he paid a fine in Potter county within the last nine months. This bill shows that appellant answered that he had not, and it also fails to enlighten this court as to the nature of the offense inquired about. Under these circumstances, it is wholly insufficient to show error.

What has been said disposes of all questions presented by appellant, and it follows that in our opinion there is no error shown in this record, and therefore it is ordered that the judgment of the trial court should( be in all things affirmed.

PER CURIAM. The foregoing opinion of the Commission of Appeals has been examined by the judges of the Court of Criminal Appeals and approved by the court.

On Motion for Rehearing.

HAWKINS, J.

Appellant, challenges the statement in our original opinion to the effect that in view of his testimony it was proper to admit evidence of other offenses as throwing light on the intent of appellant at the time he gave the check which is the basis of this prosecution. The proposition of law is conceded to be correct, but it is urged that proof of appellant giving other checks was inadmissible because such proof did not show the commission of other offenses. Appellant testified that the cheek in question was given on the wrong bank by mistake. This was his defense, and if true would defeat the state’s case. Any competent evidence which tends to defeat the defense urged is admissible. This is true even though it does show or tends to- show another offense. Craig v. State (Tex. Cr. App.) 23 S. W. 1108; Bedford v. State, 170 S. W. 727, 75 Tex. Cr. R. 309. We think proof that about the time appellant gave the check upon which the prosecution is based he also gave many other checks on the same bank which were unpaid tended to defeat his claim that the particular check was drawn on the bank by mistake. This is true even though proof of giving the other checks may have fallen short of showing the commission of an offense in drawing them.

Complaint is made in the motion for rehearing that we failed to give attention to certain objections to the court’s charge as being upon the weight of- the evidence, and in assuming the existence of certain facts to be true which should have been left to the determination of the jury. In response to this renewed contention, we have again carefully examined the charge and the exceptions.Of course, there is no way for us to know whether the charge was subject to these criticisms at the time the exceptions to it were presented; if so, it must have been amended to meet the objections mentioned. It does not now appear to be vulnerable to them.

In the charge is a paragraph reading as follows:

“You are instructed that a person in the eyes of the law is presumed to have intended the legal consequences of his acts.”

To just what issue in the case the learned trial judge thought the instruction quoted had application is left to conjecture. He makes no application of it. We are inclined to agree with counsel for appellant that such instruction was erroneous. However, we have not been able to agree that such error calls for a reversal. Appellant’s defense was that he intended to draw the check in question upon the Guaranty State Bank and not against the one on which it was in fact drawn. This issue was fairly submitted. Appellant was further protected by defensive charges telling the jury if they entertained a reasonable doubt whether appellant intended to defraud the- party to whom the check was given, or if they had a reasonable doubt whether he had funds in the First State Bank, or a reasonable doubt as to appellant having good reason to believe he would have funds in that bank to pay the check when in the ordinary course of business it was presented for payment, they should acquit him. The particular portion of the charge complained of should not have been given, but we do not think injury to appellant could have resulted from it in view of the charge as a whole. We are commanded by article 666, O. O. P. (1925 Revision) not to reverse judgments unless errors in the charge appear from the record calculated to injure the rights of accused.

Exception was reserved to the following instruction:

“You are further charged that you will not find the defendant guilty in this case on the evidence alone of his having given other unpaid checks, but in order to convict defendant you must find him guilty under the provisions of this charge as above set out.”

This was evidently an effort on the part of the trial court to limit the purpose for which the jury might consider the evidence of accused giving other checks than the one upon which the prosecution is based. The exception complained that it was too restrictive and did not properly limit the testimony about the other checks. The exception is well taken, but no special charge was requested correcting the error complained of. This being a misdemeanor case, the rule is that in order to have the charge of the court reviewed, not only exception must be taken to it, but correct special charge requested to correct the supposed error. Basquez v. State, 119 S. W. 861, 56 Tex. Cr. R. 329; Parroccini v. State, 234 S. W. 671, 90 Tex. Cr. R. 320; Stephens v. State, 234 S. W. 540, 90 Tex. Cr. R. 245. See, also, authorities collated on page 499, under article 739, Vernon’s O. O. P.

The motion for rehearing is overruled. 
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