Case ID: f-appx_247/html/0349-01.html
Source: Caselaw Access Project
Author: {"author": "PER CURIAM.", "license": "Public Domain", "url": "https://static.case.law/"}
Date Created: 2024-08-24T03:29:51.129683

Todd Elliott ROGER, Appellant v. ROBERT HALF INTERNATIONAL; Robert Half Legal; Aparna Sharma.
    No. 07-1746.
    United States Court of Appeals, Third Circuit.
    Submitted Pursuant to Third Circuit LAR 34.1(a) Sept. 5, 2007.
    Filed: Sept. 17, 2007.
    
      Todd Elliott Roger, Pittsburgh, PA, pro se.
    Gregory A. Miller, Jamie S. Tuite, Buchanan Ingersoll, Pittsburgh, PA, for Robert Half International; Robert Half Legal; Aparna Sharma.
    Before: SCIRICA, Chief Judge, FUENTES and SMITH, Circuit Judges.
   OPINION OF THE COURT

PER CURIAM.

Appellant, Todd Elliott Roger, appeals from an order entered by the United States District Court for the Western District of Pennsylvania dismissing his complaint. After careful review of the record and for essentially the same reasons as those set forth by the District Court, we will affirm its entry of judgment in favor of the appellees.

The facts and procedural history of this ease are well known to the parties, and thus need not be restated in detail here. Very briefly, Roger — an African American male in his 40s — filed the underlying action seeking monetary damages for the alleged discrimination he suffered during the course of his relatively short association with the Robert Half employment agency. According to Roger, appellees’ treatment of him and, in particular, Sharma’s stated belief that “it is difficult to place an African American male over the age of forty in [the] Pittsburgh legal community,” caused him to be denied employment opportunities and amounted to a violation of 42 U.S.C. § 1981, Title VII of the Civil Rights Act of 1964, 42 U.S.C. § 2000e, et seq., and the Pennsylvania Human Relations Act, 43 Pa. Cons.Stat. Ann. § 951, et seq. Appellees disputed Roger’s contention that he was entitled to relief and filed a motion for summary judgment.

Having concluded that Roger failed to produce sufficient direct evidence of discriminatory animus on the part of appellees with regard to any adverse employment action brought into question by his complaint, see Price Waterhouse v. Hopbins, 490 U.S. 228, 109 S.Ct. 1775, 104 L.Ed.2d 268 (1989), the District Court analyzed Roger’s claims under the burden-shifting framework established by the Supreme Court in McDonnell Douglas Corp. v. Green, 411 U.S. 792, 93 S.Ct. 1817, 36 L.Ed.2d 668 (1973). Initially, the court limited the scope of the litigation to Roger’s allegation that he had been denied an opportunity to be placed with the Pittsburgh office of the law firm of Pepper Hamilton, LLP., in accordance with Roger’s various statements that the position with Pepper Hamilton was the only employment opportunity at issue. The court determined that appellees could not have engaged in any adverse action against Roger with respect to the Pepper Hamilton position, because the record conclusively demonstrated that Pepper Hamilton withdrew the order for placement before Robert Half Legal was able to put any candidate in the position. Thus, the District Court concluded that Roger failed to establish a prima facie case with regard to the Pepper Hamilton position as he failed to raise even an inference that appellees treated some people less favorably than others with respect to the employment opportunity at issue. See Texas Department of Community Affairs v. Burdine, 450 U.S. 248, 252-253, 101 S.Ct. 1089, 67 L.Ed.2d 207 (1981); Keller v. Orix Credit Alliance, Inc., 130 F.3d 1101, 1108 (3d Cir.1997).

The District Court further concluded that, even if the scope of the litigation were not limited to the Pepper Hamilton position, Roger’s evidence was nonetheless insufficient to support a finding of pretext on any of the three employment opportunities referenced in the complaint. The District Court found that appellees met their burden of advancing a non-discriminatory explanation for their actions in conjunction with trying to find Roger employment. Of particular significance was the fact that appellees could not hire any potential candidate for Robert Half Legal’s customers because that decision was reserved exclusively for Robert Half Legal’s clients. Additionally, despite Sharma’s favorable rating of Roger and her efforts to assist him in making himself a more attractive candidate to potential employers, Robert Half Legal was unable to place Roger because: 1) the Pepper Hamilton position was withdrawn before any candidate was placed in it by Robert Half Legal; 2) another prospective employer chose a candidate who had a law degree, which Roger did not; and 3) Roger’s personal bankruptcy history removed him from consideration under a mortgage company’s specified criteria.

The District Court afforded little weight to the statement allegedly made by Sharma regarding the difficulty of placing an African American male in his 40s in the Pittsburgh legal community as the statement was not made by an actual decision-maker during the course of a decision-making process involving Roger’s employment. See Ezold v. Wolf Block, Schorr and, Solis-Cohen, 983 F.2d 509, 545 (3d Cir.l992)(stray remarks by non-decision makers are only minimally probative, particularly where such statements are made in a context removed from the actual decision-making process). The court likewise found Roger’s attempt to discredit appellees’ proffered explanation by proving that they did not timely contact his references to be misplaced as Sharma’s high ranking of Roger and the fact that she thought very favorably of him after the interview would not make such follow-up necessary at that point in the process. The court noted that appellees’ conduct in contacting one of Roger’s references after the filing of the underlying lawsuit does not undermine, in any way, appellees’ account of the course of action undertaken in an effort to place Roger with potential employers who might elect to interview him.

Roger’s efforts to provide affirmative evidence to support a finding of pretext by demonstrating that he was treated differently when Robert Half Legal stopped contacting him after he failed to follow-up with the agency for a period of time fared no better. The District Court concluded that Rathryn Christopher, the Caucasian female over the age of 40 who was contacted by the Pittsburgh office of Robert Half Legal and offered various employment opportunities despite not having contacted that office for more than a year, was not a sufficient “comparator” insofar as Roger filed suit against appellees less than a year after the Pepper Hamilton position was withdrawn. Finally, the District Court determined that Roger failed to demonstrate in a competent manner that he and the other individuals who had obtained “assignments” were situated in a sufficiently similar manner since, with the exception of Dale McFeatters, no information was provided with respect to these individuals. As for the assignment involving McFeatters, aside from the fact that Sharma forwarded both McFeatters’ and Roger’s resumes to the client for consideration, McFeatters had obtained a law degree, and thus was not similarly situated to Roger.

Accordingly, the District Court held that Roger failed to come forward with affirmative evidence that would support a finding of pretext, and that, to the extent he came forward with any evidence at all, it was merely colorable and lacked sufficient probative force to support a finding that appellees acted with discriminatory animus or treated him less favorably than others with whom he was similarly situated. Appellees were therefore granted summary judgment on all claims, and this timely appeal followed.

We have jurisdiction over the instant appeal pursuant to 28 U.S.C. § 1291 and exercise plenary review over a District Court’s order granting a motion for summary judgment, applying the same standard as the District Court. See Turner v. Hershey Chocolate U.S., 440 F.3d 604, 611 (3d Cir.2006). Having carefully reviewed the record as well as the sole issue that Roger raises in his informal brief (i.e., that the District Court erred by accepting appellees’ untimely filing of their “non-discrimination” explanation contrary to Fed. R.Civ.P. 37(c)(1)), we find the appeal to be meritless.

Roger’s contention can be disposed of with little discussion. We would first note that Roger’s quest to have sanctions imposed against appellees for their alleged failure to disclose “non-discriminatory” defenses began less than two months after he filed his complaint and continued throughout the proceedings. The District Court certainly acted within its discretion when it denied the requested sanction after having concluded that Roger failed to identify any proper legal basis for limiting appellees’ use of the challenged information regarding the Pepper Hamilton position. See Lloyd v. HOVENSA, LLC., 369 F.3d 263, 274-275 (3d Cir.2004), citing Marroquin-Manriquez v. I.N.S., 699 F.2d 129, 134 (3d Cir.l983)(the scope and conduct of discovery are within the sound discretion of the trial court); see also Newman v. GHS Osteopathic, Inc., Parkview Hosp. Div., 60 F.3d 153, 156 (3d Cir.l995)(District Court’s decision regarding imposition of Rule 37 sanctions is reviewed for abuse of discretion). In addition to agreeing with appellees’ assertion that they complied with their discovery obligations, the District Court concluded that appellees were not obligated to identify particular defense theories in a manner more concrete than that set forth in their answer and that Roger’s premature attempts to obtain summary judgment did not create such an obligation. We agree. The District Court thus correctly determined that there was no justification for limiting appellees’ presentation of their case in accordance with Roger’s wishes.

Even extending our review beyond the sole issue argued by Roger, we further agree with the District Court’s determination that appellees’ failure to successfully place Roger was due to legitimate, nondiscriminatory reasons. Judgment was properly entered in favor of appellees as Roger offered no evidence sufficient to discredit appellees’ proffered reasons regarding placement, thus allowing him to survive summary judgment. See Waldron v. SL Industries, Inc., 56 F.3d 491, 495 (3d Cir.1995) (citing Fuentes v. Perskie, 32 F.3d 759, 764 (3d Cir.1994)).

Accordingly, we will affirm the District Court’s judgment.