Case ID: misc_21/html/0755-01.html
Source: Caselaw Access Project
Author: {"author": "Pryor, J.", "license": "Public Domain", "url": "https://static.case.law/"}
Date Created: 2024-08-24T03:29:51.129683

John Dickman Brown, Individually and as Administrator, etc., Plaintiff, v. Charles J. Richter, as Executor, etc., et al., Defendants.
    
    (Supreme Court, New York Special Term,
    July, 1897.)
    Will — Trust — Invalid limitation.
    An estate consisting of personal property was bequeathed in trust; first, to pay the income to the testator’s widow during her life; second, upon her decease, among other dispositions, to pay the income of one-third portion to plaintiff’s intestate, a daughter of testator, during her life, “ upon her separate receipt,” with a remainder over on her death of the principal of such third portion, which last limitation has been adjudged invalid. Held, that the principal of such third portion did not, upon the theory of intestacy as to' the same at the time of the testator’s death, descend to plaintiff’s intestate — the cestui que trust thereof — so as to pass upon her death to her personal representatives.
    Action by the administrator of one of next of kin to recover property as to which testator is claimed to have died intestate.
    William E. Hills (Frank M. Hardenbrook, of counsel), for plaintiff.
    Redfield & Redfield (Robert L. Redfield, of counsel), for infant defendant.
    Lockwood & Hill (L. A. Lockwood, of counsel), for defendant executor.
    L. Vincent Lockwood, for defendants James B. and Sarah C. Lawrence.
    
      
      Received too late for insertion in proper place.— [Reporter.
    
   Pryor, J.

By the will of James W. Lawrence, his entire estate, consisting exclusively of personal property, was bequeathed to his executor, in trust, first, to pay the income to his widow during her life, and, secondly, on her decease, among other dispositions, to pay the income of one-third portion to plaintiff’s intestate during her life, “ upon her separate receipt; ” the principal, on her death, to be added to the portions of the other children. This last limitation has been adjudged to be invalid.

The testator died the 21st of April, 1891, leaving a widow and' three children, of whom plaintiff’s intestate was one. Plaintiff’s intestate died on the 8th of February, 1897, leaving no descendant.

Upon the postulate that the fund in question was not disposed of by the testator, the plaintiff sues, for it as husband and administrator of the daughter to whom/ as next of kin, it is supposed to have descended. ! ■

- The general rule is undoubtedly as plaintiff contends, that in a bequest to next of kin, prima facie they are meant who are such at the death of the testator; but that this presumption may be repelled is equally established by authority. 2 Jarman on Wills (5th Am. ed.), 129 et seq. Here, however, is no bequest of the fund to plaintiff’s intestate; and the question is-whether, by operation of law, she succeeds to it on the death of the testator, her father.

The fallacy of the plaintiff’s argument consists in the assumption that James W. Lawrence diéd intestate as to the fund. The direct contrary was adjudged by the General Term and the Court of Appeals, in deciding that the will made a valid disposition of the fund for the life of plaintiff’s intestate. Brown. v. Richter, 76 Hun, 469; 144 N. Y. 706. During that period the ownership of the fund was in the trustee, and he was not divested of the property until the death of his cestui que trust. Gilman v. Reddington, 24 N. Y. 9, 15; Amory v. Lord, 9 id. 403, 411; Knox v. Jones, 47 id. 389, 396; Underwood v. Curtis, 127 id. 523; Van Schuyver v. Mulford, 59 id. 426, 431-432; Kennedy v. Hoy, 105 id. 134, 138.

T'he title to- the fund being in the trustee on the death of the ancestor, it did not and could not pass to his then next of kin (cases, supra); and when liberatéd from the trust so as to devolve by act of law, plaintiff’s intestate was deceased.

It is a legal solecism to affirm that plaintiff’s intestate had title to the income of the fund by virtue of her father’s will;- and, at the same time, had title to the principal of the fund, by virtue of her father’s intestacy. But, unless she had title to the principal coincidently with her right to the income, that is, during her life, it could not descend oil her death to her administrator or next of kin.

• It is familiar law that the title of an administrator is derived wholly from the grant of letters of administration; and becomes vested only from the time of such grant. True, it relates back to the death of the intestate; but meanwhile the legal right to the intestate’s property is in suspense. Hence “ it is clear that in no case, nor under any circumstances, can anyone, as next of kin of the intestate, make title to or obtain possession of his distributive share, but through and from the administrator.” Bland, Oh., in Haythorp v. Hook, 1 Gill. & J. 276, 277; Damouth v. Klock, 29 Mich. 295; Miller v. Clark, 56 id: 342; 100 Am. Dec. 152, note. It results that before plaintiff’s title as husband and administrator was consummate, it was anticipated and intercepted by the succession of James W. Lawrence’s next of kin.

Plaintiff’s intestate had no interest to which he can succeed, either as husband or administrator. Robins v. McClure, 100 N. Y. 328.

This conclusion is reached the more readily since it is in furtherance of the obvious and indisputable intention of the. testator. Beyond all controversy, his purpose was that plaintiff’s intestate should have no interest in his estate besides the income for life .of the one-third portion.

Complaint dismissed on the merits, with costs.

Complaint dismissed, with costs.