Case ID: ad3d_1/html/0817-01.html
Source: Caselaw Access Project
Author: {"author": "Crew III, J. (dissenting in part and concurring in part).", "license": "Public Domain", "url": "https://static.case.law/"}
Date Created: 2024-08-24T03:29:51.129683

Antonino Cassara, Appellant, v Maria Cassara, Respondent.
    [ 767 NYS2d 492]
   Mercure, J.

Appeal from a judgment of the Supreme Court (Kavanagh, J.), entered May 28, 2002 in Ulster County, ordering, inter alia, equitable distribution of the parties’ marital property, upon a decision of the court.

Plaintiff and defendant were married in August 1985. In 1987, plaintiff sold his fuel oil business, which he owned prior to the marriage, for $600,000. Thereafter, in 1988, plaintiff purchased a parcel of real property in Montgomery County (hereinafter the Montgomery property) for $107,000, with title held solely in his name. That same year, the parties began constructing the marital residence on a parcel of land in the Town of Gardiner, Ulster County (hereinafter the Gardiner property), which plaintiff had acquired prior to the marriage. The parties obtained a mortgage on the Gardiner property sometime after 1988 and defendant’s name was added to the deed in 1995.

Plaintiff commenced this action for divorce in October 2000. Following trial, Supreme Court, among other things, granted the parties a divorce and awarded them joint custody of their two minor children, with primary physical custody to defendant. The court also ordered that the Gardiner and Montgomery properties be sold, with the proceeds to be divided equally between the parties, awarded defendant maintenance in the amount of $100 per week for a period of four years and child support in the amount of $300 per week. This appeal by plaintiff ensued.

Plaintiff initially contends that Supreme Court erred in failing to credit him in the amount of $465,000 for his contribution of separate property to the acquisition of the Gardiner and Montgomery properties, as well as the construction of the marital residence. “Property acquired during the marriage is presumed to be marital property and the party seeking to overcome such presumption has the burden of proving that the property in dispute was separate property” (Walasek v Walasek, 243 AD2d 851, 854 [1997] [citation omitted]; see DeJesus v DeJesus, 90 NY2d 643, 652 [1997]). We agree that the $58,000 that plaintiff used to purchase the Gardiner property prior to the parties’ marriage constitutes a separate asset and, thus, plaintiff is entitled to a credit in that amount (see Lord v Lord, 124 AD2d 930, 932 [1986]). We are not convinced, however, that plaintiff has met his burden of demonstrating that the remaining $407,000 at issue is separate property.

Plaintiff claims that this $407,000 was derived from the sale of his fuel oil business in 1987; the record, however, does not contain a paper trail documenting the distribution of the proceeds from the sale of that business. While this alone is not fatal to plaintiffs claim (see Zanger v Zanger, 1 AD3d 865, 867 [2003] [decided herewith]; Sarafian v Sarafian, 140 AD2d 801, 804 [1988]), plaintiff has also failed to provide documentation of his claim that the proceeds were placed in an account solely in his name, rather than commingled in a joint account as defendant’s testimony suggests, and thereby transformed into marital property (see Carney v Carney, 202 AD2d 907, 908 [1994]; Glazer v Glazer, 190 AD2d 951, 953 [1993]). Inasmuch as plaintiff failed to establish—beyond his disputed testimony— that the proceeds from the sale of his business remained separate property, he has not succeeded in rebutting the presumption that this once separate asset became marital property (see Jones v Jones, 289 AD2d 983, 983-984 [2001], lv dismissed 97 NY2d 749 [2002]; Carney v Carney, supra at 908; Glazer v Glazer, supra at 953; Sarafian v Sarafian, supra at 804).

Moreover, even assuming that the proceeds used to construct the house did not come from a joint account, we are not persuaded—as the dissent is—that plaintiff met his burden by demonstrating that there was no other possible source for the moneys used to initially fund the construction of the marital residence and purchase of the Montgomery property (cf. Zanger v Zanger, supra at 867; Sarafian v Sarafian, supra at 804). During the relevant time period, plaintiff, as he does now, owned a number of additional rent-generating properties. Indeed, these rents now constitute the bulk of plaintiff’s annual income. Plaintiff failed, however, to show that rental income from these properties received after the parties’ marriage was not the source of the funds at issue. Moreover, a $200,000 mortgage in both parties’ names was taken out on the house. The record is unclear regarding whether the funds from this mortgage were used to finance additional construction or to reimburse plaintiff for whatever money he may have contributed to the house. Thus, we cannot say that Supreme Court abused its discretion here in refusing to credit plaintiffs testimony with respect to the source of the funds for these transactions (cf. Sarafian v Sarafian, supra at 804-805). Plaintiffs credit must be limited to the $58,000 used to purchase the Gardiner property.

Plaintiff is correct, however, in his assertion that Supreme Court erred in calculating his income for purposes of determining his child support obligation. Supreme Court calculated plaintiffs annual income to be $84,680, but neglected to credit plaintiff for expenses associated with two rental properties. Inasmuch as “income,” for purposes of determining child support, includes “investment income reduced by sums expended in connection with such investment” (Domestic Relations Law § 240 [1-b] [b] [5] [ii]), we conclude that plaintiff is entitled to a credit for the expenses he incurred in connection with each of these parcels. As set forth on the parties’ 2000 federal tax return, plaintiffs out-of-pocket expenses total $32,508 for taxes, insurance, maintenance and other expenses.

In light of the credits due plaintiff, we deem it appropriate to remit this matter to Supreme Court for a redistribution of the parties’ marital property, as well as a redetermination of plaintiffs maintenance and child support obligations. We note with respect to equitable distribution that, contrary to Supreme Court’s conclusion that the parties’ marital property should be distributed equally, “[t]he distribution, based on the factors enumerated in the statute (Domestic Relations Law § 236 [B] [5] [d]), must be equitable, not merely a 50/50 split of assets” (Sarafian v Sarafian, supra at 804). The remaining arguments raised have been examined and found to be lacking in merit.

Cardona, EJ. and Lahtinen, JJ., concur.

Crew III, J. (dissenting in part and concurring in part).

We respectfully disagree with the majority’s conclusion that plaintiff is not entitled to a credit for the $300,000 he initially contributed to the construction of the marital residence and/or the $107,000 he used to purchase the parcel of real property located in Montgomery County (hereinafter the Montgomery property). To be sure, as the majority has observed, there is no paper trail documenting the distribution of the $600,000 derived from the sale of plaintiff’s fuel oil business in 1987. In our view, this absence of documentation, which is entirely understandable given the length of the parties’ marriage, is not fatal to plaintiffs claim. There simply is no question that the foregoing proceeds—one half of which plaintiff testified he contributed to the construction of the marital residence—emanated from the sale of an admittedly separate, nonmarital asset, and defendant in no way disputes the source of this money. Indeed, defendant, who initially was employed in plaintiffs business, testified that she did not work following the parties’ marriage in 1985 and did not return to the work force until the parties’ children, born in 1987 and 1989, were both in school. Hence, whatever income the parties had during the relevant time period came from plaintiff, and the record as a whole fails to establish that plaintiff commingled such funds and, in so doing, transformed his separate property into a marital asset (compare Carney v Carney, 202 AD2d 907, 908 [1994]).

As for the income generated by plaintiffs various rental properties, the theoretical availability of such funds to finance either the construction of the marital residence or the acquisition of the Montgomery property in no way negates plaintiffs uncontradicted testimony that the moneys for such transactions actually derived from the sale of his business. Moreover, although the record does not establish in any meaningful way the precise amount of rental income that plaintiff was receiving at the time construction began on the marital residence and the Montgomery property was purchased in 1988, suffice to say that whatever funds were generated in this regard, which admittedly would be marital property, did not even remotely approach the $407,000 at issue. Accordingly, we are satisfied that plaintiff met his burden of establishing his entitlement to an additional credit in the amount of $407,000, representing plaintiffs separate contributions to the construction of the marital residence ($300,000) and the acquisition of the Montgomery property ($107,000) (see Maczek v Maczek, 248 AD2d 835, 836-837 [1998]; see also Judson v Judson, 255 AD2d 656, 657 [1998]; Zurner v Zurner, 213 AD2d 906, 908 [1995], lv denied 87 NY2d 802 [1995]).

Rose, J., concurs. Ordered that the judgment is modified, on the law, without costs, by reversing so much thereof as denied plaintiff certain credits, ordered plaintiff to pay $300 per week in child support and $100 per week in maintenance and ordered equitable distribution of the parties’ marital property; plaintiff is credited with $58,000 to reflect his separate property and/or separate contributions to the marital residence and matter remitted to the Supreme Court for a redetermination of the equitable distribution of the parties’ property, plaintiffs child support and maintenance obligations; and, as so modified, affirmed. 
      
      . Plaintiff testified that he placed funds from the sale of his business in an account at a certain bank in his name only and that he had no other bank accounts “available to [him].” Defendant indicated that the bank account was a joint account at that time and that all money that came in from any source was placed in this account. Defendant stated that her name was not taken off the account until 1998, approximately 10 years after the parties commenced construction of the marital residence.
     
      
      . More precisely, plaintiff receives $70,200 in rental income from the Montgomery property, a parcel of land in Queens County and a commercial sign, as well as $12,600 in Social Security benefits and $1,980 in pension benefits. These payments actually total $84,780 annually.
     
      
      . Although defendant indeed argues in her brief that the total funds required for the construction of the marital residence ultimately derived from various sources, including a mortgage in both parties’ names, contrary to the majority’s assertion, her testimony at trial in no way disputes or discredits plaintiff’s unequivocal claim that he contributed $300,000 to the initial construction of such residence and that the $300,000 at issue represented proceeds from the sale of a clearly separate, nonmarital asset.
     
      
      . In this regard, defendant’s testimony “suggests” nothing more than that the parties had joint checking accounts at various points in their marriage, which falls far short of estabhshing that defendant deposited $300,000 of his separate funds into a particular joint account at a particular point in time and then used those “joint” funds to provide the initial financing for the construction of the marital residence.