Case ID: daly-ny_15/html/0267-01.html
Source: Caselaw Access Project
Author: {"author": "Bookstaver, J.", "license": "Public Domain", "url": "https://static.case.law/"}
Date Created: 2024-08-24T03:29:51.129683

Lucia R. Bosley, Respondent, against The National Machine Co. et al., Appellants.
    (Decided June 3d, 1889.
    To bring a ease within the provision of the Code of Civil Procedure as to limitation to six years of actions on the ground of fraud, that the cause of action is not deemed to have accrued until discovery of the fraud (§ 382, subd. 3), these things must concur: the judgment sought must be for something more than a sum of money merely; the ground of the action must be fraud; and it must have been cognizable by the Court of Chancery as it existed December 31st, 1846. But the ease need not be one of which a court of equity would have had exclusive jurisdiction; nor ié the case excluded because there may be a money judgment, unless on the facts plaintiff is entitled to a money judgment only.
    
      The complaint, in an action against a corporation and -its president, - alleged that plaintiff, through the false and fraudulent representations of the president acting as agent of the company, made with intent to deceive, was induced to purchase stock of the company; and it demanded a rescission of the sale and an accounting. Held, .that the time of limitation did not commence to run until the discovery of the fraud.
    Appeal from a judgment of this court entered upon the decision of the judge on trial by the court without a jury.
    The facts are stated in the opinion.
    
      N. Quackenbos, for appellant.
    
      Edward C. James, for respondent.
   Bookstaver, J.

The first question raised on this appeal is when the statute of limitations began to run against plaintiff’s cause of action. Appellants claim the action falls under subdivision 3 of section 382 of the Code, and that the statute commenced to run from the time the fraudulent representations were made and the plaintiff was induced to subscribe for the stock of the defendant company, in November, 1880. Plaintiff, on the other hand, contends that the action falls under subdivision 5 of section 382 of the. Code, and that the statute did not commence to run until the discovery of the fraud, which was between December, 1887, and June, 1888. The action was commenced in July, 1888.

In order to bring a case under subdivision 5 of section 382, three things must concur: first, the judgment sought must be for something more than a sum of money merely; second, the ground of the action must be fraud; third, it must have been cognizable by the Court of Chancery as it existed December 31st, 1846.

As to the last of these propositions, appellants do not contend that the old Court of Chancery would not have had jurisdiction of the action as the complaint is framed, but that the cause of action could also have been tried in a court of law; in other words, that a court of equity would not have had exclusive jurisdiction. Such an argument would have been entitled to great weight under the former Code (§ 91 subd. 6), where the exception to the running of the statute of limitations was confined to actions solely cognizable in the Court of Chancery, but the present Code has omitted this restriction, and the Court of Appeals (in Carr v. Thompson, 87 N. Y. 160) has held that the subdivision of section 882 under consideration, includes all cases formerly cognizable by the Court of Chancery, whether its jurisdiction therein was exclusive or concurrent with that of courts of law, when the other necessary conditions exist.

Appellants admit that the second of these conditions, namely, that the ground of the action is fraud, exists in this case, for their entire argument proceeds on the theory that he plaintiff had an adequate remedy at law by reason of the alleged fraud. Indeed, they admit the fraud, by not seeking to review the findings of the jury or the court on that subject.

The chief contention of the appellants is that the judgment sought is for a sum of money merely, and that her cause of action entitled her to no other relief. They are undoubtedly right in their contention that the prayer for relief does not determine the character of the action, but that that must be determined by the facts stated-in the complaint. As far as they are material to the question under consideration, the facts so stated are that the defendant company is a domestic corporation ; that in November, 1880, the defendant House was and still is its president and a director and stockholder therein ; that he was the authorized agent of the company to procure subscriptions, and was engaged in procuring such subscriptions in November, 1880, which, when procured, were recognized by the company; that as such agent, House made certain representations to the plaintiff concerning the property, rights, and franchises of the company, to induce her to become a stockholder therein; that all these representations were material as affecting the value of the stock; that she believed them to be true, and by reason thereof she was induced to become a subscriber to the stock which she held at the time this action was commenced; that she received certain dividends thereon for a time, but that subsequently no dividends were paid; that the representations made by House were false and were known to him to be false when he made them, and were made with the intent to deceive the plaintiff and did deceive her; that she did not discover the falsity of these representations until about December, 1887; that since she discovered the fraudulent character of the representations, she has done no act as a stockholder of the defendant company or in ratification of the contract of subscription ; that the company is not insolvent; that the stockholders are substantially the same as when she made her subscription to the stock ; that, prior to the commencement of this action she sought of the defendants a voluntary rescission of the contract of subscription, and tendered back the stock and also the dividends received by her and the interest thereon, but that this tender has been refused. Plaintiff in her bill then offers to return her stock, together with the dividends and interest thereon, and asks for an equitable rescission of the contract on the ground of fraud, and for an accounting between the parties, and a judgment for any balance which may be found due her, and for such other relief as to the court may seem proper.

It is quite true, as appellants contend, that on these facts the plaintiff could have obtained a money judgment in an action at law for her damages occasioned by the fraud, but such an action would have proceeded on the theory of the affimance of the contract of subscription which she repudiated, or upon the theory of a rescission of the contract for the fraud before suit brought, which would have lefther open to the attacks of third parties on her liability as a stockholder. The question is not, as appellants contend, whether she was entitled to a money judgment, but whether on the facts she was entitled to a money judgment only. She was not bound to rely on compensation in damages if the facts warranted other relief (Gould v. Cayuga County Nat. Bank, 86 N. Y. 83, 84; Same v. Same, 99 N. Y. 337); even although, as a part of the relief sought, a money judgment is also demanded (Carr v. Thompson, supra).

We think, on the facts in this case, the plaintiff was clearly entitled to a rescission of the contract of subscription, thus relieving her from all liability as a stockholder, and also for an accounting, and a court of law could not give her such relief in either of these respects. It follows that the three conditions contemplated in subdivision 5 of section 382 concur in this case, and that the statute of limitations did not commence to run until the discovery of the fraud.

We have not overlooked Butler v. Johnson (111 N. Y. 204), so confidently relied on by appellants, but we do not think it applies to this case; it decided that causes of action in which, before the adoption of the Code of Procedure of 1848, the subject was the same at law and in equity and the remedy only was different, were not included within the ten years limitation (§ 77), but were provided for by the preceding sections limiting actions at law, or, in other words, that the ten years limitation applied only to cases over which equity had, before tbe Code, exclusive jurisdiction. No such question arises here. The six years statute applies to this case, and the only question about it is, when it commenced to run.

But appellants contend that, even if the statute of limitations does not apply, then plaintiff’s laches in not rescinding the contract immediately on discovering the fraud must defeat her recovery. No such objection was taken on the trial, as far as disclosed by the record, and if it had been, we do not think it could have availed the defendants. By the finding of the jury it appears the fraud was not discovered until between December, 1887, and June, 1888, and the action was commenced July 9th, 1888. Meanwhile plaintiff had done nothing to affirm the contract or to show she had elected so to do. It is apparent from the allegations of the complaint that it would require some time to ascertain the facts to establish the fraud after suspicion was aroused, and some time longer was doubtless consumed in the negotiations to rescind without action, and we think due diligence in the matter has been established. Besides, plaintiff owed the defendants no duty of active vigilance in discovering their fraud; she had a right to rely upon the truth of defendant’s representations (Baker v. Lever, 67 N. Y. 304, 309). Under the circumstances of this case, the complaint of the defendants that their fraud was not discovered soon enough is entitled to little weight.

The judgment should be affirmed, with costs.

Larremore, Ch. J., and J. F. Daly, J., concurred.

Judgment affirmed, with costs.