Case ID: ad_36/html/0181-01.html
Source: Caselaw Access Project
Author: {"author": "Patterson, J.:", "license": "Public Domain", "url": "https://static.case.law/"}
Date Created: 2024-08-24T03:29:51.129683

Ellen M. A. Coyle, Appellant, v. William D. Ward and John F. Ward, Respondents.
    
      Judgment, in an action by a grantor, that a deed was not procured by fraud — it is conclusive in an' action by one of his heirs to set aside that deed and another and a will, all the product of the same alleged fraud.
    
    "Where, in an action brought by a grantor, against two of his children, to set aside a conveyance executed by him. to them, upon the ground that they had taken advantage of his age and infirmity, and procured the execution of such conveyance by false and fraudulent representations, it is adjudged that the convey-. anee was the free.and voluntary act of the grantor, and that no fraud had been practiced upon him, such judgment is a bar to a subsequent action, brought after, the death of such grantor by one of his children and heirs at law against, the saíne defendants, in which the plaintiff alleges'that the defendants,:during the lifetime of their father, conspired to defraud her of a share in the inheritance of her father’s property, and by fraud procured him to make to them two- ■ conveyances of real estate (one of which was the subject of -the former action), and also a will, by the terms of which she was excluded from sharing in the estate, the complaint alleging but a single fraud, of which the three instru-. ments mentioned were the product.
    Appeal by the plaintiff, Ellen M. A. Coyle, from an interlocutory judgment of the Supreme Court in favor of the defendants, entered _ in the office of the clerk of the county of New York on the 9th day of June, 1898, upon the.decision of the court rendered after a trial at the New York Special Term overruling the demurrers interposed by the plaintiff to the separate defenses contained in the defendants’' amended answer,
    
      Edward W. S. Johnston, for the appellant.
    
      Thomas Allison, for the respondents.
   Patterson, J.:

The plaintiff, one of the three children and heirs at law of Edward Ward, deceased, brought this suit against her two brothers, alleging that they, during the lifetime of their father, conspired to defraud her of a share in the inheritance of that father’s property, and -by fraud procured him to make two conveyances of real estate to them, and also a will, by the terms of which she was excluded from sharing in the estate. The pleader, recognizing the rule that in civil actions mere allegations of conspiracy are unavailing unless coupled with averments of acts done in pursuance thereof, has set forth that the defendants in furtherance of their plan perpetrated a fraud upon their.father. It is alleged as a single fraud,', the product of'which is the' three instruments, executed at different times, but all originating in the one fraudulent scheme and all the result of the same asserted deceit, imposture, undue influence, abuse of confidential relations, coercion and unjust advantage taken of the feebleness and mental incapacity of ';the father. The allegations are of three stages of accomplishment of the one fraud, and they are so bound together that they are indivisible, except as to the dates .of the execution of the three instruments respectively.

It is apparent that, under this complaint, the pleader intended to charge and did charge a fraud which was concocted before, and was successfully practiced when the first conveyance was made. That fraud had its existence then, if it did exist. There is no allegation of any independent machinations or devices which induced the execution of the second deed or of the will. All the acts of fraud culminating in the execution of the instruments are the same acts and facts connected with and relied upon to defeat the first conveyance, and- are so pleaded. What would have been the effect of independent frauds set up as causes of action asserted as to each instrúment, we need not now consider. We must take the complaint as we find it.

The defendants have, among other things, set up as a plea in bar to the whole action a judgment --rendered in their favor upon the report of a referee in an action brought against them by Edward Ward and relating tó the first conveyance. The pleadings in that action, the findings of the referee and the judgment are part of the answers herein. From them it appears that, in the lifetime of Edward Ward, he brought an action to set aside the first conveyance, upon allegations that he being' old and infirm and by reason thereof incapacitated from attending to business properly, the defendants fraudulently taking advantage. of that incapacity, pro-: Cured him to make a certain writing (being the first conveyance mentioned in the complaint in this action) without paying any consideration therefor and which they falsely and fraudulently represented to be a mere matter of-form. Upon the issues .raised by the answers of the defendants in that action, the referee found that the,deed was the .free and voluntary act of Edward Ward, who was competent to make the same and w\ho fully understood its contents and effect; and that the defendants did not, at any time, fraudulently take, advantage of any incapacity of Edward Ward, to procure him to sign the deed and that they did not, nor did eithey of them, .make any fraudulent representations to Edward Ward, or use or practice any fraud, deception or other misconduct for the purpose of inducing Ed ward-Ward to execute the deed.

The plaintiff in this action asserts a right based upon the alleged fraud perpetrated on her father. It having been adjudged that no fraud was perpetrated on him, she lias' no independent cause of action under the allegations of her present complaint based upon that alleged fraud. Hone existed. It has been so adjudicated. That she was not represented in that action cannot affect the question. Her ancestor brought the suit to establish the fraud and judgment was rendered against him. In that action there was involved every fact which would go to constitute a reason for setting aside that deed On the ground of fraud practiced-hy the defendants on their father. Precisely the same evidence which would establish that fraud in the one case would establish it in the other. As was said by the justice below in overruling the demurrer, every allegation in the present complaint (meaning, of.course, concerning the alleged fraud) was or could have been litigated in the action by the ancestor, and the judgment in that case is binding on the parties to it and their privies. We do. not mean to say that because there is a judgment that the first deed was not procured by fraud, but was-the voluntary and valid deed of the grantor, therefore, it necessarily follows that, under all circumstances, the second deed and the will are to be considered free from taint; but that when the plaintiff presents a case in- which she charges that the second deed and the will were the product of the same identical fraud alleged to have affected the first deed, and it has been adjudged that no such fraud was perpetrated (the substantial subject of inquiry being as-to that fraud), the determination made upon that issue in the former action is a good bar to this, it being pleaded as such.

The judgment appealed from must be affirmed,-with-costs, with leave to the plaintiff to withdraw demurrer on payment of costs in this court and in the court below.

Van Brunt, P. J., Barrett, Rumset and O’Brien, JJ., concurred.

Judgment affirmed, with costs, with leave to plaintiff to withdraw demurrer on payment of costs in this court and in the court below.