Case ID: abb-pr-ns_8/html/0013-01.html
Source: Caselaw Access Project
Author: {"author": "Daly, Ch. J.", "license": "Public Domain", "url": "https://static.case.law/"}
Date Created: 2024-08-24T03:29:51.129683

GILLILAN against SPRATT.
    
      New York Common Pleas; Special Term,
    1870.
    Former Adjudication.—Nonsuit.—Dismissal oe Summary Proceedings.
    A nonsuit or dismissal of the complaint ordered by a justice of a district court in the city of New York, after the cause has been finally submitted by the plaintiff, on a trial on the merits, even if ordered with the plaintiff’s consent, must be regarded as a judgment for the defendant, and is a bar in any other litigation between the same parties.
    It makes no difference whether the proceeding dismissed was an action or a summary proceeding.
    Trial "by the court.
    The parties Edward H. Gillilan and James K. Spratt "brought cross actions to determine a controversy arising out of their relation as landlord and tenant.
    The action in the common pleas was brought by Gillilan, the landlord, for rent for the month of April, 1868, and damages for use and occupation during May and June, 1868. It was tried before the court without a jury.
    The defenses were, that the premises had been taken for the purposes of a public street (Church street; it having been held that the taking of the property for Church street did not divest the title of the landlord so as to prevent him collecting rent for the buildings on the land taken); that on May 2, 1868, summary proceedings for holding over, &c., were commenced before Justice Quinn, and that on the 7th and 9th of May the issues were tried, and the case finally submitted for adjudication ; and on May 19 that the counsel for the landlord (the plaintiff in this case), without notice to the tenant (the defendant in this case), moved to discontimie the proceedings, and that the motion was granted, and the proceedings discontinued.
    
    
      Daniel Marvin, for the plaintiff;
    Relied on Carlisle v. McCall, 1 Hilt., 399.
    
      Requier & Thomson, for the defendant.
    
      
      After the discontinuance, the landlord commenced like proceedings before City Judge Russel, for the same purpose, and thereupon the tenant commenced his suit, praying for a perpetual injunction against the landlord, and the court granted a temporary injunction, with the usual order to show cause, &c.; and on the motion to make the injunction perpetual, rendered the following decision;
      Ingraham, J.—The order of Justice Quinn, discontinuing proceedings, was, I think, the same as a final judgment, which could be reviewed on certiorari.
      
      That proceeding and decision may be .set up in bar of any new proceeding for the same cause, and, if disregarded, the decision on that point can, in like manner, be reviewed.
      There is no more propriety in granting this injunction than there would be in enjoining an action for the same cause, as has been previously decided.
      Motion denied, with ten dollars c'osts.
      In the mean while, the proceeding before Judge Russel had been discontinued, and after the decision, like proceedings were commenced before the same judge, and therein, after trial, a warrant was issued and the tenant dispossessed. These proceedings were reviewed on certiorari, and on January 7, 18G9, were reversed by the general term of the supreme court, first district, upon the grounds stated in Judge Ingraham’s opinion.
    
   Daly, Ch. J.

After a cause is submitted to a justice for his final decision, it is no longer in the power of the plaintiff to submit to a nonsuit, or in the power of the justice to grant one. The cause, having been tried,, is submitted for a final disposition upon the merits, and no other disposition of it can be made. If the justice, after that, enters an order which he calls a nonsuit, it will be regarded as a judgment for the defendant, and will be a bar to another action for the same cause,- or of any action for another trial of the same question between the same parties ; and in the application of this rule it makes no difference whether it was in a formal action or in summary proceedings (Elwell v. McQueen, 10 Wend., 521; Peters v. Diossy, 3 E. D. Smith, 115; Demarest v. Darg, 32 N. Y., 290; White v. Coatsworth, 6 Id. [2 Seld.], 137).

In this case the matter in controversy was Med upon • the merits, and was submitted to the justice for his decision. He did not pass upon the merits, but, as he testifies, after he had the case under advisement to make up his judgment, the counsel for the landlord appeared before him, and moved to discontinue the proceedings, and the justice, without any notice or intimation to the defendant or his counsel, discontinued the proceedings, as he says, and made an entry that they were discontinued, upon the motion of the attorney for the landlord.

This he had no power to do. It is said in Hess v. Beekman (11 Johns., 457), that “while the cause is under advisement, the justice ought to hold no communication with either of the parties;” that “they are not in court for any purpose except to receive judgment.”

The case having been tried and submitted, the defendant has a right to have the matter decided, the demisión or judgment, if in his favor, being a bar to any further suit or proceeding against him for the same cause, and of this right he cannot be deprived by the justice discontinuing the proceeding, -whether upon his own motion or upon the request of the plaintiff.

The act of the justice in discontinuing is and can only be treated as a decision in favor of the defendant, which, however informal or imperfect it may be, is and must be a bar to any further suit or proceeding for the same 'matter. If this were not the conclusion, and it were held that the proceeding was not discontinued by the act of the plaintiff and the justice, after the matter in controyersy between the parties had been tried and submitted to the justice for a final decision, it would be equivalent to contradicting what has been repeatedly held, that a nonsuit can not be granted after the cause has been submitted to the justice or to the jury, and that if a judgment of nonsuit is afterwards rendered, either by the .justice or upon the verdict of the jury, it is equivalent to a judgment for the defendant upon the merits, and, will be so regarded (Felter v. Mulliner, 2 Johns., 181; Hess v. Beekman, 11 Id., 457; Young v. Hubbell, 3 Id., 430; Platt v. Storer, 5 Id., 346; Elwell v. McQueen, 10 Wend., 519; Peters v. Diossy, 3 E. D. Smith, 115).

When the case is submitted upon summary proceed-, ings, there must be an. adjudication, for the only power of review is upon a certiorari, to be awarded by the su-. preme court; and by the statute the certiorari is for the examination of any adjudication made upon any appli-. cation authorized by the act providing for summary proceedings (2 Rev. Stat., 516, § 47). . If th¿- matter put in issue by the affidavit denying the facts upon-which the summons issued, has been _tried_and sub-, mitted, and the justice afterwards makes any final disposition of the case other than granting the warrant to dispossess, it is an adjudication in favor of the defend-ant, to which the maxim applies, nemo bis debetvexari pro eadem causa, as fully ,as to any formal decision or j ndgment for the defendant.

Judgment will accordingly be rendered for the defendant.