Case ID: ad_160/html/0537-01.html
Source: Caselaw Access Project
Author: {"author": "McLaughlin, J.:", "license": "Public Domain", "url": "https://static.case.law/"}
Date Created: 2024-08-24T03:29:51.129683

Press Publishing Company, Appellant, v. General Accident, Fire and Life Assurance Corporation of Perth, Scotland, Ltd., Respondent.
    First Department,
    February 6, 1914.
    Insurance — accident insurance policy construed—liability of insurance company for failure to defend cause of action—forfeitures.
    Where, after the commencement of the trial of an action for personal injuries, the plaintiff moved to amend the complaint by changing the date of the accident, the effect of which amendment was to bring the time within the period of an accident insurance policy providing that the assured should forward to the insurer the summons or other process served upon it in actions to recover damages covered by the policy, and the defendant immediately notified the insurer of the situation, asking it to take charge of the defense and inclosing a notice of motion for leave to amend, but the insurer failed to defend the action and a recovery was ' had and paid by the insured, the insurer is liable for a breach of contract in failing to defend the action.
    The law does not look with favor upon forfeitures in insurance policies and refuses to give that effect to them, unless a case is brought squarely within the provisions. '
    Appeal by the plaintiff, the Press Publishing Company, from a judgment of the Supreme Court in favor of the defendant, entered in the office of the clerk of the county of New York on the 12th day of December, 1912, upon the dismissal of the complaint by direction of the court at the close of the plaintiff’s case upon a trial before the court and a jury at the New York Trial Term.
    
      Howard Taylor, for the appellant.
    
      Alfred M. Bailey, for the respondent.
   McLaughlin, J.:

pf The defendant issued a policy of liability insurance to the plaintiff, insuring it from April 16, 1908, to April 16, 1909, against liability for damage caused by the operation of certain designated automobiles. One of the clauses of the policy provided that “The assured upon the occurrence of an accident shall give immediate written notice thereof, with the fullest information obtainable at the time, to the Corporation’s head office at Philadelphia, Pa. If a claim is made on account of such accident, the assured shall give like notice thereof. If thereafter any suit, even if groundless, is brought against the assured to recover damages on account of such injuries or damages as are covered by this policy, the assured shall immediately forward to the Corporation every summons or other process served on him, and the Corporation will at its own cost defend against such suit in the name and on behalf of the assured. The Corporation reserves the right to settle any claim or suit. * * *.”

On the 12th of May, 1908, one of the plaintiff’s automobiles specified in the policy, driven by one of its employees, collided with a wagon and team of horses with such force that the driver of the team was thrown to the ground and injured. The chauffeur at once reported the accident to plaintiff, stating that the injured person was “Pat” Duffy and plaintiff immediately gave notice to the same effect to the defendant in accordance with the terms of the policy. Nothing further was heard of the accident for several months, when the truck driver brought an action against the plaintiff, under the name of Patrick Duffy, to recover damages for injuries sustained hy him, and alleged in the complaint that the accident occurred on or about April 12, 1908, four days before defendant’s policy went into effect. Plaintiff did not, when the summons and complaint were served upon it, send the same to the defendant or give notice of the presentation of the claim, or the service of such papers, but sent the same to the Travelers Insurance Company, which had issued a policy of liability to the plaintiff covering the time when Duffy alleged he was injured, and it undertook the defense of the action. The Duffy action came on for trial the last of April or first of May, 1911. After the trial had been commenced, counsel for Duffy moved to amend the complaint by changing the date of the accident from April twelfth to May twelfth. Counsel for the Travelers Insurance Company claimed surprise and the court permitted a juror to be withdrawn and the cause returned to the general calendar for the purpose of permitting Duffy to apply at Special Term for leave to amend his complaint. Immediately upon this disposition of the action being made, plaintiff notified defendant by letter of the situation and of all the facts connected with the Duffy action and asked it to take charge of the defense. Inclosed with the letter was a notice of motion for leave to amend, also a substitution of attorneys in blank for defendant. When the motion came on to be heard defendant did not appear. The amendment was granted and the trial postponed several weeks, and this defendant was given notice of all that had been done. It acknowledged receipt of the notice, but declined to undertake the defense on the ground that plaintiff had failed to comply with the terms of the policy in not immediately forwarding the summons and complaint when the same were served, but instead had retained them for upwards of two years. Plaintiff thereupon defended the action. Duffy had a recovery and the same was paid by this plaintiff. It then brought this action to recover the amount paid and the expenses incident to the defense. The complaint was dismissed at the close of plaintiff’s case and it appeals.

The judgment'appealed from is sought to be sustained upon the ground that the plaintiff violated the condition of the policy in that it did not immediately upon the summons and complaint in the Duffy action being served upon it forward the same to the defendant. It is not claimed but what the plaintiff in every other respect performed the conditions imposed upon it by the policy. The defendant was given notice of the accident. There was nothing further for the plaintiff to do until a claim was made by Duffy or an action commenced. He never made a claim until he commenced the action under the name of Patrick Duffy to recover for injuries alleged to have been sustained on the 12th of April, 1908, four days before defendant’s policy went into effect. The clause in the policy required that the summons and complaint be forwarded to defendant only in' case action were brought to recover such “damages as are covered by this policy.” Here, upon the face of the complaint, the damages sought to be recovered were sustained before the policy went into effect. They were, therefore, if the complaint were true, not covered by the policy. Plaintiff, so far as defendant was concerned, had a right to assume that Duffy was injured at the time stated in his complaint. There was no obligation resting upon it to make an independent investigation for the purpose of ascertaining whether the plaintiff in that action were the Duffy so injured on the twelfth of May, or whether the complaint correctly stated the date of the injury. Had such an investigation been made it is quite obvious it would have served no useful purpose, because if the summons and complaint had been immediately forwarded to defendant it would have been justified in returning the same, and doubtless would have done so and declined to defend the action on the ground that the damages, sought to be recovered were not covered by its policy. Plaintiff was not bound to give this defendant notice of the commencement or pendency of the Duffy action until a claim was presented or it had knowledge that that action was brought to recover damages covered by defendant’s policy. The first time such claim was made was at the trial, when application was made to amend the complaint by alleging that the accident occurred on May twelfth and not on April twelfth. Then this plaintiff was bound to act, and it did by immediately giving the defendant notice of the pendency of the Duffy action and all the' facts- in connection- therewith, including the application to amend. It did all it was required to do, and even more, because after the amendment it was informed of that fact and of the time when the action would be brought to trial. Having this information the defendant was obligated to undertake the defense and for its failure it became liable for breach of contract.

The purpose of the policy was to indemnify the plaintiff, and to that end it. should receive a reasonable construction. The one put upon it by the trial court, as it seems to me, is narrow and unreasonable. ■ The law does not look with favor upon forfeitures in insurance policies and refuses to give that effect to them, unless a case is brought squarely within the provisions. (American Surety Co. v. Pauly, No. 1, 170 U. S. 133; McNally v. Phœnix Ins. Co., 137 N. Y. 389; Newburgh Light, Heat & Power Co. v. Travelers’ Ins. Co., 134 App. Div. 913; affd., 201 N. Y. 581; Parmelee Co. v. Ætna Life Ins. Co., 166 Fed. Rep. 741.)

Whiteside v. North American Accident Ins. Co. (200 N. Y. 320), upon which respondent principally relies, is easily distinguishable. ■ There the policy contained a provision that the insured or his representatives should give written notice of the time, place and nature of injury, or date of commencement of sickness, by mail within ten days thereof—otherwise a recovery could not be had. In an action to recover the sum stipulated to he paid weekly in case of sickness, the complaint alleged that during the early part of the sickness plaintiff was delirious and unable to remember that he had the policy of insurance; but after the time stipulated in the policy he did give notice of such sickness. It was held that the complaint did not state a cause of action since it appeared that the notice was not given within the stipulated time. The notice in that case was not given by reason of the mental infirmity of the insured, and it was held this did not excuse the giving of the notice, since he had agreed absolutely to give it, and could have provided against such a contingency.

In the case now before us the plaintiff was not required by the terms of the policy, as we have seen, to forward to the defendant the “summons or other process served” upon it unless the damages sought to he recovered were “ covered .by this policy.” It was not until the amendment of the Duffy complaint that a claim was made for damages covered by defendant’s policy. The plaintiff then immediately gave the requisite notice and forwarded the necessary papers to put this defendant in complete control of the defense of that action.

My conclusion, therefore, is that the complaint was improperly dismissed, and the judgment appealed from should be reversed and a new trial ordered, with costs to appellant to abide the event.

Ingraham, P. J., Laughlin, Dowling and Hotchkiss, JJ., concurred.

Judgment reversed and new trial ordered, with costs to appellant to abide event. Order to be settled on notice.