Case ID: ad_92/html/0112-01.html
Source: Caselaw Access Project
Author: {"author": "Chester, J.:", "license": "Public Domain", "url": "https://static.case.law/"}
Date Created: 2024-08-24T03:29:51.129683

Martin Lockwood, Respondent, v. Troy City Railway Company, Appellant.
    
      Negligence — injury to a driver thrown out of a wagon which collided with a street car on a narrow bridge — charge as to the ca/re required of the railroad company — a disease must necessm'ily and directly be caused by the injury. ■
    
    A complaint in an action to recover damages for personal injuries alleged: “Said plaintiff was knocked and thrown from his wagon to the ground and floor of said bridge, and thereby severely injuring the said plaintiff, breaking, his ribs, spraining his ankle and injuring his back and right hip, and thereby made him sick, sore, lame and disabled for a long time, and prevented him from attending to his business, causing him to suffer great pain of body and mind, and caused him permanent injury and disability and exposed him to still greater and further injury, and he has' been and will be.put to great trouble and expense in doctoring and trying to be cured of his said injuries.” Held, that proof that the plaintiff was suffering from kidney disease as a result . of the accident was not admissible under the pleadings, it not- appearing that such disease was necessarily and directly caused by the injuries to the plaintiff’s back.
    In an action brought to recover damages for personal injuries, sustained by the plaintiff in consequence of a collision between the plaintiff’s wagon and one of the defendant’s street cars, it appeared, that the collision occurred upon a bridge which was so narrow that there was only a small margin of space outside the defendant’s tracks in which the plaintiff’s wagon could pass the defendant’s car.'
    At the conclusion! of the principal charge the following colloquy took place between the defendant’s counsel and the court: “In view of the statement of ' the plaintiff’s counsel to the jury in the summing up, that the defendant was bound to exercise an extraordinary degree of care in operating this car upon the bridge, I ask you to charge the jury that when the defendant’s motorman was on the bridge in the operation of the car, the only duty and obligation resting upon him to avoid injury to the plaintiff was the exercise of the reasonable care which a reasonably prudent man would exercise under the circumstances. The Court: Well, yes, but it should be greater than it would be in a-safer place. The narrowness of the passage placed a duty upon the motorman to exercise greater care and caution than he would if the passageway had been wider. Mr. Roche: I except to the charge and to the modification. I ask you, however, to say that while the duty and obligation must be proportioned to the surrounding circumstances, the defendant’s motorman was not bound to exercise an extraordinary degree of care in the operation of the car. The Court: I decline so to charge.” Defendant excepted.
    
      SM, that the denial of the request to charge that the defendant’s motorman was not bound'to use an extraordinary degree of care was erroneous;
    That notwithstanding the court said, “Well, yes,” to" the request as first made, the modification of the request was followed so closely by the denial of the request to charge that the motorman was not bound to exercise an extraordinary degree of care that the jury might have believed that it was the duty of the motorman' to exercise extraordinary care;
    That the defendant was entitled to a charge that the motorman was not bound to exercise an extraordinary degree of care, but ordinary care only, under the circumstances which confronted him.
    Appeal by the defendant, the Troy City Railway Company, from a judgment of the Supreme Court in favor of the plaintiff, entered in the office of the clerk of the county of Rensselaer on the 28th day of March, 1903, upon the verdict of a jury for $800, also from an ’ order entered in said clerk’s office on the 28th day of March, 1903, denying the defendant’s motion for a new trial made upon the minutes, and also from an order entered in said clerk’s office on the 18th day of April, 1903, granting the plaintiff an extra allowance of costs.
    
      William J. Roche, for the appellant.
    
      J. K. Long, for the respondent.
   Chester, J.:

The action is for personal injuries alleged to have been sustained by the plaintiff by reason of the negligence of the defendant in operating one of its electric cars on a bridge over the Mohawk river at Ontario street in the city of Cohoes. The plaintiff has procured a judgment, and the defendant appeals.

With reference to the injuries sued for it is alleged in the complaint as follows : “ Said plaintiff was knocked and thrown from his wagon to the- ground, and floor of said bridge, and thereby severely injuring the said plaintiff, breaking his ribs, spraining his ankle and injuring his back and right hip* and thereby made him sick, sore, lame and disabled for a long time,, and prevented him .from attend- ■ ing to- his business, causing him to suffer ■ great pain of body and mind, and caused him permanent injury and disability and exposed ■him to still greater and further injury, and he has been and will be put to great trouble and expense in doctoring and trying to be cured of his. said injuries.”. ..

Upon the' trial the plaintiff was allowed to- prove, over the defend- ’ ant’s objection and exception, that the plaintiff had kidney disease and that his "physician had treated him therefor,’and he sought to-show, over a like objection and. exception, that this, disease resulted from the plaintiff’s injuries.. ■ One of the objections to the testimony was- that it was 'not within the pleadings, and that the. defendant was not, therefore, apprised of plaintiff’s claim for injury for that reason. .This- was a-valid objection and should have beeri-sustained. Kidney disease wás not in any wise specified in the complaint among, the inj nries alleged to have been received by the plaintiff¡ While, one of the plaintiff’s physicians testified that trouble with the kidnéys or kidney disease might possibly’result or arise -front injuries- to- the-back, the proof does not show that such disease was- necessarily and directly caused by the injuries to-plaintiff’s- back, and, therefore, if caused by the. accident,, it constituted special damages- which should have been specifically alleged by the plaintiff if he sought to recover ■ damages .therefor, and lie not having so alleged it, it was error to receive the evidence. (Kleiner v. Third Avenue R. R. Co., 162 N. Y. 193; Gumb v. Twenty-third St. R. Co., 114 id. 411.)

The case is unlike that of Ehrgott v. Mayor (96 N. Y. 277), cited by the plaintiff. There the allegation was that the plaintiff had suffered £c great bodily injury; that he became, and still continues to- be. sick, sore and disabled * * * ■ and that lie was otherwise injured,” and the court held that these allegations- were - sufficient to- authorize proof of any bodily injury resulting from the accident, and that if the defendant desired that they be more definite it could have- moved to have them made more specific^ or for a bill of particulars.

The judgment will have to- be reversed for another reason. The bridge in question, were the accident happened, was an unusually narrow one and left only a small margin of space upon the south side of the track, where plaintiff was driving, for his wagon to pass the defendant’s car which was approaching from the other direction. In so passing his horse became fractious and there was a collision between the car and his wagón, throwing him to the floor of the bridge and injuring him. After' the conclusion of the principal charge of the court to the jury the defendant’s counsel, Mr. Roche, said: “ In view of the statement of the plaintiff’s counsel to the jury in the summing up, that the defendant was bound to exercise an extraordinary degree of care in operating this car upon this bridge, I ask you to charge the jury that when the defendant’s motorman was on the bridge in the operation of the car, the only duty and obligation resting upon him to avoid injury to the plaintiff was the exercise of the reasonable care which a reasonably prudent man would exercise-under the circumstances.- The Court: Well, yes, but it should be greater than it would be in a safer place. The narrowness of the passage placed a duty upon the motorman to exercise greater care and caution than he would if the passageway had been wider. Mr. Roche: I except to the charge and to the modification. I ask you, however, to say that while the duty and obligation must be proportioned to the surrounding circumstances, the defendant’s motorman was not bound to exercise an extraordinary degree of care in the operation of the car. The Court: I decline so to charge.” Defendant excepted.

Notwithstanding the court said, “Well, yes,” to the request as first made, the modification of the request followed so closely by its denial of the request to charge that the motorman was not bound to exercise extraordinary care, may well have left the jury where they believed that the court viewed the situation as one requiring just that degree of care on the part of the motorman.

While the court was right in Baying that the motorman was required to exercise greater care and caution than he would if the passage had been wider, yet, in view of the fact stated in the request, as to the statement of plaintiff’s counsel in his summing up to the jury, where he wrongly stated the law to them, the defendant was entitled to have that remedied by. a clear and correct statement of the law in that respect, and under the circumstances it was entitled to the specific charge contained in. the request, that the defendant’s motorman was not bound to exercise an extraordinary degree of care in the operation of the car, as that stated the law correctly. The degree of care which the motorman was bound to exercise was ordinary care, only, under the circumstances which confronted him and not an extraordinary degree of care. This principle is elementary and does, not require the citation of authority in' support thereof, and the failure of the court to make this, plain to the jury and the refusal to charge the defendant’s request in this respect requires a new trial.

The cases' brought by passengers on railways, where the doctrine of extraordinary care has been applied, have no application to the case presented here.

Many other alleged errors upon the trial are urged by the appellant ill support of its appeal, but we think it unnecessary to consider them, as under the light of the discussion which has been liád concerning them upon this appeal the same situation may not be presented upon another trial.

For the errors pointed out the judgment and orders appealed from, must be reversed, with costs to the. appellant to abide the event, and r new trial granted.

All concurred.

Judgment and order reversed and new trial granted, with costs to appellant to abide event.