Case ID: sw_167/html/0808-01.html
Source: Caselaw Access Project
Author: {"author": "PHILLIPS, J.", "license": "Public Domain", "url": "https://static.case.law/"}
Date Created: 2024-08-24T03:29:51.129683

PIERCE OIL CORPORATION v. WEINERT, Secretary of State.
    (No. 3182.)
    (Supreme Court of Texas.
    June 10, 1914.)
    1. Corporations (§ 651) — Foreign Corporations — Exclusion from State — Construction oe Statute.
    Under Rev. St. 1911, art. 7805, providing that _ when any foreign corporation has been convicted of a violation of the anti-trust laws, and its right to do business in the state has been forfeited, as provided in article 7802, no other corporation to which it may transfer its property and business, or which assumes the payment of its obligations may incorporate or do business in the state, a foreign corporation, incorporated to acquire, and which ‘purchased, took over, and assumed, the obligations of and carried on the business of a foreign corporation which had been, by final judgment, convicted of a violation of the anti-trust laws of the state, fined, and perpetually enjoined from transacting any but interstate business within the state, was prohibited from doing business in the state; the provision being intended to prevent the fictitious succession of a foreign corporation whose permit to transact its business had been forfeited, regardless whether the acquisition of its property and business took place before or after its conviction.
    [Ed. Note. — Eor other cases, see Corporations, Gent. Dig. §§ 2574, 2575; Dec. Dig. § 651.]
    2. Corporations (§ 636) — Foreign Corporations — Power to Exclude, Restrict, or Regulate.
    A foreign corporation’s transaction of other than interstate business within the state .is only a privilege, which the state may extend or withhold, and as to which it may prescribe the terms or conditions upon which it extends the right, and the corporation, seeking only a license which the state is not bound to give, is in no position to complain of the severity of its terms.
    [Ed. Note. — For other cases, see Corporations, Cent. Dig. §§ 2505-2509, 2571; Dec. Dig. § 636.]
    3. Constitutional Law (§ 82) — Ex Post Facto Law — Retroactive Operation — Foreign Corporations.
    Under Rev. St. 1911, art. 7805, providing that when any foreign corporation has been convicted of a violation of the anti-trust laws, and its right to do business in the state has been forfeited, as provided in article 7802, no other corporation to which it may transfer its property and business, or which may assume its obligations, shall be permitted to incorporate or do business in the state, no question of the attainder of property is involved, since no sale of its property is prevented; and since the purchaser of its property without its business is not excluded.
    [Ed. Note. — For other cases, see Constitutional Law, Cent. Dig. § 149; Dec. Dig. § 82.]
    4. Corporations (§ 636) — Foreign Corporations — Extraterritorial Eeeect of State Anti-Trust Law.
    Such statute exerts no extraterritorial power, as it prohibits only acts attempted within the state even though the prohibition may operate because of acts done without the state.
    [Ed. Note. — For other cases, see Corporations, Cent. Dig. §§ 2505-2509, 2571; Dec. Dig. § 636.]
    Original petition for mandamus by the Pierce Oil Corporation against F. C. Weinert, Secretary of State.
    Refused.
    H. S. Priest, of St. Louis, Mo., E. B. Perkins, of Dallas, and N. A. Stedman, of Austin, for plaintiff. B. F. Looney, Atty. Gen., and C. M. Cureton, Asst. Atty. Gen., for defendant
    
      
       For other cases see same topic and section NUMBER in Dec. Dig. & Am. Dig. Key-No. Series & Rep’r Indexes
    
   PHILLIPS, J.

The relator, Pierce Oil Corporation, is a Virginia corporation, chartered on June $21, 1913. It has heretofore made application in due form to the Secretary of State for a permit to do business in the state, tendering in that connection the anti-trust affidavit required by law, and all lawful fees. Upon his refusal to issue the permit it has filed this motion for leave to file its petition for mandamus to compel its issuance. On June 1, 1907, in a suit by the state in the district court of Travis county, the Waters-Pierce Oil Company, a foreign corporation chartered in Missouri, was by final judgment convicted of violation of the anti-trust laws of this state, for which a large fine was imposed, its permit to do business canceled, and an injunction issued perpetually enjoining it from transacting any but interstate business within the state. The relator was incorporated with the purpose of acquiring the property and business of the Waters-Pierce Oil Company, then conducting its business in Missouri, in other states and in the republic of Mexico; and shortly after its incorporation it purchased and took over from the Waters-Pierce Oil Company all of its property and business and assumed all of its obligations, which business it now owns and operates.

We do not find it necessary to determine whether the relator is but a corporate continuation of the Waters-Pierce Oil Company, and therefore subject to the injunction decreed against that company in the suit above referred to, one of the positions here advanced by the respondent as a ground for his refusal to issue the permit. The question is in our opinion plainly ruled by the statute (article 7805, R. S. 1911), which is as follows:

“When any foreign corporation has been convicted of a violation of any of the provisions of this chapter, and its right to do business in this state has been forfeited, as provided in article 7803, no other corporation to which the defaulting corporation may have transferred its properties and business, or which has assumed the payment of its obligations, shall be permitted to incorporate or do business in Texas.”

The Waters-Pierce Oil Company having been convicted of violation of th<j anti-trust law of the state embodied in the chapter of which article 7805 is a part, and its right to do business in the state having been forfeited, the relator, a foreign corporation to which it has transferred all of its properties and business, and which assumed the payment of all of its obligations then existing, comes directly within the statute, and is prohibited from doing business in Texas, unless, by construction, the statute is given an effect contrary to the meaning of its literal terms.

Several contentions are made by the relat- or in respect to the proper construction of this statute, all of which we have examined, but none of which we regard as sound. Among others, it urges, principally: (1) That the whole policy and purpose of the antitrust legislation of the state is only to prevent illegal combination in restraint of trade, and it was not the intention of this statute to exclude from the state an independent foreign corporation not a member of any such combination, which will afford competition in its lino, and is able to truthfully make the anti-trust affidavit required of foreign corporations under article 1315, and has done so, merely because it has acquired the properties and business, or has assumed the obligations of another foreign corporation once convicted under such laws and its permit forfeited, but which, at the time of the sale of its property and business, was free from any illegal alliance. (2) That under the proposition just stated the statute should be limited in its application to such corporations as constitute but a reorganizaion or continuance of the convicted corporation. And (3) that, regardless of any other view, the statute should be held to apply to only such transfers of the properties and business of the defaulting corporation as were made prior to its conviction. In connection with these general propositions it is also urged that, to hold the relator barred from the state because of its purchase, out of the state, of the properties of the Waters-Pierce Oil Company not situated within it, is, in effect, to attaint such property, and is likewise to give the statute an extraterritorial operation.

The transaction by a foreign corporation within the state of other than interstate business is only a privilege, which the-state may extend or withhold; it is not a right which the corporation possesses. The state is free, therefore, to prescribe the terms or conditions upon which it grants the authority. They may be rigorous, but the power of the Legislature to give them that character is undoubted ; and the foreign corporation, in seeking only a license which the state is under no obligation to allow, is in no position to complain of their severity. Its only alternative is to come within the conditions which the state has seen fit to impose. Taber v. Interstate B. & L. Ass’n, 91 Tex. 92, 40 S. W. 954.

The manifest aim of this statute was to prevent the fictitious succession in this state of a foreign corporation which had been adjudged an offender against the anti-trust law, and whose permit to transact its business had been forfeited. The Legislature had the right to select and provide any test which it deemed a proper one for determining that question, or to exclude from the state any corporation sustaining a given relationship to the convicted corporation. It might have enacted the statute in such terms as would deny the privilege of coming within its borders, for the transaction of their business, to only such corporations purchasing the property and business of a defaulting corporation as were but its continuation, or to only such as had made the purchase prior to its conviction. But no such qualification can be imposed by construction upon this statute in the face of its plain provisions. The statute very clearly evinces a purpose on the part of the Legislature to reject any inquiry by the officials of the state as to whether the corporation seeking the permit has any identity with the convicted corporation, and to provide, as the test of its right, simply whether it has acquired the properties and business, or has assumed the obligations of a foreign corporation previously convicted under the anti-trust law, and whose permit has been forfeited. The statute permits no inquiry beyond this. And no exemption from its operation can be predicated upon a condition which discloses the acquisition of the properties and business of such a defaulting corporation, or (he assumption of its obligations, by the corporation seeking the permit, regardless of whatever else may be shown in respect to its relationship. Language could not be plainer, and there is no room for a different construction. With the policy or wisdom of the statute this court has nothing to do. It is our duty to give effect to its provisions.

It is furthermore evident that the Legislature intended to make immaterial when the acquisition of the defaulting corporation’s properties and business took place, whether before or after its conviction, since the statute is silent upon that question. It merely provides that no foreign corporation shall be permitted to incorporate or transact business in Texas, to which the defaulting corporation “may have transferred its properties and business, or which has assumed the payment of its obligations,” which can only mean a corporation that has made such acquisition or undertaken such assumption at any time prior to its effort to so incorporate or transact business within the state. Necessarily the only concern of the statute in this respect is whether the corporation is under the disability it imposes, at the time it seeks to incorporate in Texas or transact its business in the state, no matter when it was incurred. That is the point of time, and the only point of time, to which it has reference in relation to the transfer of the defaulting corporation’s properties and business and the assumption of its obligations. The corporation comes under the disqualification of the statute, whenever such transfer is made or such obligations are assumed.

That similar language is employed in article 7802, relating to the acquisition of the properties and business of a defaulting domestic corporation, which, it is said, cannot transfer its property after its charter is forfeited as the result of such conviction, does not affect the question. That a corporation taking over the properties and business of a convicted domestic corporation could only come, for that reason, under the disability of that article, by a purchase made before the latter’s conviction, is of no force in determining the effect of this statute. It is perfectly plain that it is the transfer of the defaulting corporation’s properties and business which creates the disqualification under both articles; the time of the transfer is immaterial.

There is no question of the attainder of property involved. The statute makes no such attempt. Nor does it seek to prevent any sale by the convicted corporation of its property. A foreign corporation which buys merely the convicted corporation’s property is not excluded by the statute. It must acquire “its business,” as well, to be subject to its operation. The defaulting corporation, so far as affected by this statute, is left free to sell both. It is merely provided that a foreign corporation acquiring both cannot be permitted to incorporate or transact business in Texas.

The statute exerts no extraterritorial power. It does not prohibit anything done without the state, but only that which is attempted within the state. That its prohibition may operate because of acts done without the state does not impart to it an extraterritorial effect, or render it any the less a valid exercise of legislative authority over a subject within the jurisdiction of the state. As the state has the right to entirely withhold its permission for a foreign corporation to transact business within its limits it is within its power to provide that such permission shall be denied for such cause as it may prescribe, whether based upon acts within the state or out of it. Hammond Packing Co. v. Arkansas, 212 U. S. 322, 29 Sup. Ct. 370, 53 L. Ed. 530, 15 Ann. Cas. 645.

The motion is refused.