Case ID: sw2d_570/html/0378-01.html
Source: Caselaw Access Project
Author: {"author": "BARROW, Justice.", "license": "Public Domain", "url": "https://static.case.law/"}
Date Created: 2024-08-24T03:29:51.129683

The LIFE INSURANCE COMPANY OF VIRGINIA, Petitioner, v. GAR-DAL, INC., et al., Respondents.
    No. B-7236.
    Supreme Court of Texas.
    July 12, 1978.
    Rehearing Denied Oct. 4, 1978.
    
      Atwell, Cain & Davenport, Mark T. Davenport, Dallas, for petitioner.
    Lyne, Klein, French & Womble, Erich F. Klein, Jr., and Ron Edmondson, Stephens & Stephens, Bill J. Stephens, Dallas, for respondents.
   BARROW, Justice.

The trial court granted plaintiff, The Life Insurance Company of Virginia, a summary judgment for the deficiency owing after foreclosure of a deed of trust which secured a promissory note executed by defendant, Gar-Dal, Inc., and guaranteed by defendants, O. K. Jones, Ted Hunt, Jr., R. L. McSpedden, Charles C. Shaver, and Paul Hamby. The judgment granted the latter three guarantors indemnity from Jones and Hunt under a written indemnity contract. Only Gar-Dal, Inc., Jones and Hunt appealed. The court of civil appeals held that the summary judgment proof was inadequate and reversed the trial court judgment and remanded the entire cause for a new trial. 557 S.W.2d 565. We reverse the judgment of the court of civil appeals and affirm the judgment of the trial court.

Plaintiff’s amended motion for summary judgment is supported by the affidavit of Ronald F. McRoberts, vice-president of plaintiff, which was executed on March 2, 1976, just before the motion for summary judgment was filed. After averring that the affidavit was made from his personal knowledge, he swore that Life of Virginia had acquired the note and deed of trust lien on or about December 3, 1974, and “thereafter has been and is the sole owner and holder of the Note,” and that true and correct copies of the note and guaranty agreement were attached to his affidavit. Defendant Jones, individually and as president of Gar-Dal, Inc., replied to the motion for summary judgment but did not deny the execution or validity of the note, nor did he except to the form of plaintiff’s motion or the supporting affidavit.

The amended motion for summary judgment was heard on August 26, 1976, and a partial summary judgment was granted. A hearing was set on the remaining fact question of reasonable attorney fees. This hearing was held on October 20, 1976, and a final judgment, which incorporated the partial summary judgment, was signed on October 21, 1976. This judgment was vacated and a new judgment signed on December 3, 1976, in order to make a correction not material to this appeal.

The court of civil appeals held that plaintiff was not entitled to a summary judgment on the note because the photocopy of the note which was attached to the affidavit of McRoberts was not properly authenticated and further, the affidavit did not state that plaintiff was in possession of the original note. Although neither of these alleged defects was pointed out to the trial court before the partial summary judgment was rendered, or even before the judgment of October 21,1976, was signed, the court of civil appeals held that since these defects were called to the attention of the trial court in the motion for new trial filed on November 1, 1976, they had not been waived by defendants.

Rule 166-A(e), Tex.R.Civ.Proc., sets forth the procedure for presenting summary judgment evidence by affidavit and documentary proof. Prior to January 1, 1978, this section provided:

“(e) Form of Affidavits; Further Testimony. Supporting and opposing affidavits shall be made on personal knowledge, shall set forth such facts as would be admissible in evidence, and shall show affirmatively that the affiant is competent to testify to the matters stated therein. Sworn or certified copies of all papers or parts thereof referred to in an affidavit shall be attached thereto or served therewith. The court may permit affidavits to be supplemented or opposed by depositions or by further affidavits.”

This rule, which has been considered by this Court in several others cases, has resulted in difficulty in resolving the question of what constitutes sufficient documentary summary judgment evidence. See: Gardner v. Martin, 162 Tex. 156, 345 S.W.2d 274 (1961); Youngstown Sheet & Tube Co. v. Penn, 363 S.W.2d 230 (Tex.1962); Boswell v. Handley, 397 S.W.2d 213 (Tex.1965); Southwestern Fire & Casualty Company v. Larue, 367 S.W.2d 162 (Tex.1963); Perkins v. Crittenden, 462 S.W.2d 565 (Tex.1970); Hidalgo v. Surety Savings and Loan Association, 462 S.W.2d 540 (Tex.1971); Texas Nat. Corp. v. United Systems Internad, Inc., 493 S.W.2d 738 (Tex.1973). This difficulty has been caused, at least in part, by the reluctance of the parties or counsel to attach the original of valuable instruments to the suit papers. Although we have recognized that attaching the original document would avoid many of the problems encountered in the above cited cases, we have held that Rule 166-A(e), Tex.R.Civ. Proc., does not require that originals be attached. In Perkins v. Crittenden, supra, this Court said:

“ ‘[Crittenden] could have discharged [his] burden without producing and introducing the original note, under Rule 166-A(e), by attaching a sworn or certified copy of the note to a proper affidavit or by serving such copy with an affidavit. Gardner v. Martin, [162 Tex. 156, 345 S.W.2d 274 (1961)].’ Other cases in point are Boswell v. Handley, 397 S.W.2d 213 (Tex.Sup.1966); and Mitchell v. Geosonic Corporation, 431 S.W.2d 958 (Tex.Civ.App.1968, no writ).”

In this cause plaintiff attached a properly identified photocopy of the note to the affidavit of McRoberts and McRoberts swore before an authorized person that the photocopy was a true and correct copy of the original note. We hold that the photocopy of the note attached to the affidavit under these circumstances was a “sworn copy” within the meaning of Rule 166-A(e) and that, therefore, it was proper summary judgment evidence.

Furthermore, defendants waived their right to complain of the alleged defect in the form of plaintiff’s proof by failure to except to the motion for summary judgment or the affidavit accompanying same prior to entry of the judgment. Youngs town Sheet & Tube Co. v. Penn, supra; Roland v. McCullough, 561 S.W.2d 207, (Tex.Civ.App.—San Antonio 1977, writ ref’d n. r. e.). These alleged defects were, matters of form that might easily have been cured if they had been timely pointed out in the response to the motion for summary judgment. Although the trial court still had jurisdiction on November 1, 1976, and thus the discretion to set aside the judgment, it did not abuse its discretion in refusing to do so. We conclude that the better rule is that defects of form are waived if not pointed out to the trial court before summary judgment is rendered. See: Jones v. McSpedden, 560 S.W.2d 177 (Tex.Civ.App.—Dallas 1977, no writ).

It was also urged by defendants and found by the court of civil appeals that the affidavit of McRoberts is inadequate to support the judgment in that he did not swear that plaintiff was in possession of the note. In Texas Nat. Corp. v. United Systems Internat'l, Inc., supra, we said that if a sworn or certified copy, rather than the original of the note is used, “the motion or affidavit should clearly evidence that the plaintiff is the present owner and holder and in possession of the note.” That case was reversed because the factual statements to support the motion for summary judgment were in the pleadings and not in a sworn motion or affidavit filed in support of the motion. Furthermore, although the original note was not attached to the motion for summary judgment filed by United Systems International, the affiant did not swear that plaintiff was the owner and holder of the note sued upon.

Here, McRoberts swore in his affidavit that plaintiff “is the sole owner and holder” of the note. As defined in Tex.Bus. & Comm.Code Ann. § 1.201(20), “ ‘Holder’ means a person who is in possession of a document of title or an instrument or an investment security drawn, issued or indorsed to him or to his order or to bearer or in blank.” Furthermore, as defined in Webster’s New Collegiate Dictionary, a “holder” is (1) a person that holds; (2) a person in possession of and legally entitled to receive payment of a bill, note or check. Thus, under either legal or lay terms, the affidavit of McRoberts, which was predicated upon sufficient facts to show personal knowledge, evidences that at the time of filing the motion for summary judgment plaintiff was the owner, holder and in possession of the note. This evidence stands uncontroverted by defendants and properly supports the summary judgment on the note.

Defendants urge by a cross-point that the trial court erred in granting the summary judgment because there are genuine issues of material fact raised as to whether all offsets and payments have been credited to the note by plaintiff. Since payment is an affirmative defense, the burden was upon defendants to come forward with summary judgment proof sufficient to raise at least an issue of fact that offsets or payments had not been credited to the note. Nichols v. Smith, 507 S.W.2d 518 (Tex.1974); Seale v. Nichols, 505 S.W.2d 251 (Tex.1974).

The affidavit of defendant Jones avers generally that Gar-Dal, Inc. was not given credit for the value of the leases and revenues from the building which were assigned to plaintiff along with the lien on the building. He does not state that any specific amount was received by plaintiff nor does he name any person who he claims made a payment. In response to this general statement, McRoberts swore unequivocally that no revenues were received from the building by plaintiff prior to foreclosure of the lien.

A similar question was considered in Smith v. Crockett Production Credit Association, 372 S.W.2d 956 (Tex.Civ.App.—Houston 1963, writ ref’d n. r. e.) wherein the defendant swore in response to plaintiff’s motion for a summary judgment on a note that he had not been given credit for all of the offsets and payments that had been made. In rejecting the contention that this response raised a fact issue, the court said:

“we are of the view that the plea in appellant Smith’s affidavit, there being nothing more, stating that all offsets and credits have not been allowed, is but a conclusion. It should have gone further and specified what such credits and offsets were. If this had been a trial on the merits and the only thing stated by appellant was that all offsets and payments had not been credited, the court would have been required to instruct a verdict against appellant. His testimony in such a trial, that all payments and offsets had not been allowed, without more, would be a pure conclusion. See Franklin Life Ins. Co. v. Rogers, 316 S.W.2d 116 (CCA), ref., n. r. e.”

We agree with this holding and conclude that the statement in the opposing affidavit of defendant Jones that all offsets and payments had not been credited to the note is a conclusion and is insufficient to raise an issue of fact that plaintiff failed to credit all offsets and payments to the note.

Defendants assert by a second cross-point that if the judgment is reversed as to Gar-Dal, Inc., Jones and Hunt, and the cause remanded as to them, it should be remanded as to all defendants. This point is immaterial in view of our affirmance of the trial court judgment.

The judgment of the court of civil appeals is reversed and the judgment of the trial court is affirmed. 
      
      . The following sentence was added to this section effective January 1, 1978:
      “Defects in the form of affidavits or attachments will not be grounds for reversal unless specifically pointed out by objection by an opposing party with opportunity, but refusal, to amend.”