Case ID: misc_55/html/0102-01.html
Source: Caselaw Access Project
Author: {"author": "Tompkins, J.", "license": "Public Domain", "url": "https://static.case.law/"}
Date Created: 2024-08-24T03:29:51.129683

Elizabeth C. Cooper, Individually, and on Behalf of the Estate of Mary Moore, Deceased, Plaintiff, v. James Moore, Jr., Individually, and as Administrator of the Goods, Etc., of Mary Moore, Deceased, Defendant.
    (Supreme Court, Westchester Special Term,
    June, 1907.)
    Undue influence — Actions — Burden of proof and presumptions.
    Where, about six months before her death, a mother over eighty-years of age but possessed of sufficient mental capacity to transact her own business assigns to her son certain bonds of the value of $25,000 in consideration of an annual payment of $1,200 to her during her life and, upon her death, of $600 to her daughter each year during the latter’s life, no presumption of undue influence in the execution of the assignment arises simply from the relationship of the parties; and, in an action by the daughter to set aside the assignment upon the ground that it was obtained by fraud and undue.influence, the defendant, in the absence of proof that his mother was suffering from mental impairment or other weakness as a result of which his mind and will were substituted for hers, the burden is not cast upon him of explaining the transaction.
    Action for the cancellation of a bill of sale alleged to have been obtained by fraud and undue influence. The opinion states the case.
    William Porter Allen, for plaintiff.
    Hector W. Thomas, for defendant.
   Tompkins, J.

Plaintiff, a daughter of Mary Moore, deceased, asks for a judgment against James Moore, Jr., a son of the said Mary Moore, adjudging that the execution and delivery of an instrument or bill of sale, executed by the said Mary Moore, deceased, and the defendant, as an individual, by which instrument the said Mary Moore, deceased, transferred to her son, the defendant, certain bonds of the admitted value of $25,000, and by which instrument the defendant agreed, in consideration of the said transfer, to pay unto the said Mary Moore, during her lifetime, the sum of $1,200 annually and, upon her death, to pay unto her daughter, the plaintiff herein, the sum of $600 each year during her lifetime, was obtained by the defendant from the said Mary Moore by fraud and duress and undue influence, and that the execution and delivery of the same was not the free act and deed of the said Mary Moore, and decreeing that the said bonds were the lawful property of the said Mary Moore at the time of her death and now belong to her estate, and adjudging that the defendant as administrator charge himself with and account for said bonds and the income therefrom.

It is admitted that the said Mary Moore died in May, 1906, intescate, at the age of from eighty-two to eighty-five years, leaving her surviving the plaintiff and defendant, her only children, and heirs at law.

Defendant was appointed administrator and, on his accounting as such, charged himself with about $1,100 of personalty.

It is agreed that, if the instrument now in question had not been executed and delivered, or if it was void, his account as such administrator should be surcharged with the value of said bonds, amounting to at least $25,000. For many years prior to and down to the time of her death the said Mary Moore resided with the plaintiff and the other members of the household, who included a daughter and son of the plaintiff.

In July, 1905, the plaintiff’s daughter, Kate Cooper, who resided with her mother, the plaintiff, and her grandmother, the said Mary Moore, wrote to her uncle, the defendant, asking him to take care of her mother’s (the plaintiff’s) affairs and income after October 1, 1905, giving as a reason the “ continual friction ” and “ rows ” in their household, the principal cause of which she charged against her grandmother, Mary Moore. In this letter the defendant was given notice that Kate Cooper intended leaving her home in October following; and, in this letter, as well as by another written August 7, 1905, defendant was urged to take charge of the income and affairs of the household and pay the bills, etc,

On the 1st day of October, 1905, Mary Moore went alone from her home at Dobbs Ferry to the defendant’s home in New York city, and there, on that day, executed the instrument in question which is now attacked by the plaintiff. It is under seal and duly acknowledged, and the formalities of its execution were testified to by Caroline M. Moore, the defendant’s wife, who also testified that she read it to Mary Moore, and that she understood its contents and declared that it was all right.

The complaint charges that Mary Moore was of feeble mind and body, nearly blind, and wholly unfit to do any business ; that the defendant, taking advantage of her infirmities, induced her to allow him to act as her confidential agent; that through his solicitations she was induced to deliver to him, as such confidential .agent, the said securities; that he converted them to his own use; that the transfer was without consideration, and that the defendant, while acting in a fiduciary capacity and knowing the feeble, mental and physical condition and susceptibility to deceit of Mary Moore, by fraud, duress, undue influence and false representation, induced and procured her to execute and deliver the said instrument.

There is no evidence of any mental weakness on the part of Mary Moore. On the contrary, the testimony of all the witnesses who testified on that subject was to the effect that her mind was perfectly sound. Indeed, it was practically admitted by plaintiff on the trial that she possessed sufficient mental capacity for the transaction of her own business. She traveled alone, made visits, attended church and conversed with her relatives and friends in a rational manner after the execution of the paper, and down to a short time before her death. There was no physical or mental impairment, except such as is incident to ordinary old age.

There is no evidence of undue influence, duress, fraud or false representation, nor any testimony or circumstances from which any such thing can be inferred. Plaintiff claims that there existed a confidential or fiduciary relation between mother and son; that there is, therefore, a presumption of undue influence; and that the burden rests upon the defendant of showing that the deceased knew the nature and effect of the paper and that it was her voluntary act, and of proving the fairness and honesty of the transaction.

Before the burden of proof is shifted to the defendant there must be proof not only of the existence of a fiduciary relation, but that the person claimed to have been unduly influenced was suffering from some mental impairment or other weakness as a result of which the mind and purpose of the one accused of exercising undue influence is substituted for the mind and will of the one whose act it is claimed to be.

Here there was nothing more confidential than is usual between a mother and her only son; and I can find no evidence of physical or mental weakness, or of such confidential or fiduciary relations as to cast upon the defendant the burden of explaining the transaction.

For six or seven months after the execution of the instrument, and until the death of his mother, the defendant each month paid to her the amount fixed by the said agreement to be paid, she thereby recognizing and ratifying its existence and validity.

Judgment for the defendant on the merits.

■Judgment for defendant.