Case ID: ark_9/html/0478-01.html
Source: Caselaw Access Project
Author: {"author": "Scott, J.", "license": "Public Domain", "url": "https://static.case.law/"}
Date Created: 2024-08-24T03:29:51.129683

Everett vs. Clements & Thompson.
    A bill of exceptions may, by equivalent expressions, as fully exclude the idea that other testimony might have been produced on the trial, as if it positively averred that it contained all the testimony.
    The cause of action must be filed with the justice before the issuance of the writ to give him jurisdiction of the case, as well where the defendant appears and pleads, as where be makes default.
    Where the defendant moves for the consolidation of three suits, in two of which the cause of action was not filed, and pleads to and defends the consolidated suit, still the jurisdiction of the justice is restricted to the cause of action filed: and so is the circuit court on appeal taken from the judgment of the justice.
    The employment of a person to measure and pile plank, is not a delivery of it, unless it be actually measured and piled.
    A delivery to a general agent, is a delivery to the principal, without special authority to the general agent.
    
      Appeal from, the Marion Circuit Court.
    
    Clements & Thompson instituted three suits, before a justice of the peace, against Everett, on three several promissory notes, one of which only appears, from the transcript, to have been filed before the issuance of the writ. Everett appeared before the justice, and moved that the three suits be consolidated, which was done. He then pleaded a set-oif, and payment in plank: and, upon a trial, the justice gave judgment against him for the amount of the three notes, deducting the payment allowed. The defendant appealed to the circuit court, and, on a trial therein, upon the plea of payment, the verdict and judgment being against him, he moved for a new trial, which was refused; he excepted, and set out the testimony and instructions given and refused; from which it appears that, to sustain the plea of payment, he gave in evidence an order from Clements & Thompson for the plank, and proved that he had purchased goods of them to be paid for in plank: that they engaged him to saw the plank for them, and that they had engaged the witness, McKnight, to stack the plank for them when sawed, and agreed to pay him for it: that he did stack the plank, and marked it in their name, and that they hauled a part of it away.
    The appellee moved the court to instruct the jnry “that a delivery must be proved to entitle the (appellant) to recover.” The appellant asked the following instruction: “ That if they believe, from the testimony, that Clements & Thompson employed any person to measure, pile, and mark the plank, it amounts' to a delivery which the court refused to give, but instructed the jury, “ that, if they believed, from the testimony, that McKnight was the general agent of Thompson & Clements, and had authority to receive the plank for Thompson & Clements, a delivery to him was a delivery to Thompson & Clements.” And the verdict and judgment being against the appellant, he appealed to this court.
    Cummins, for the appellant,
    relied upon the cases of Anthony Ex parte, 5 Ark. R. 358. Reeves vs. Clark, ib. 27. Fowler vs. Pendle-ton, 1 Eng. 41. Levy vs. Shurman, ib. 182, to show that the justice of the peace, nor the circuit court, had jurisdiction of two of the demands for which judgment was rendered, and contended that the circuit court erred in refusing the instruction asked by the appellant, and in giving the last instruction.
    English, contra,
    contended that the motion of the appellant to consolidate the separate suits upon the three notes which are copied into the transcript, and his pleading to the causes of action thus consolidated, take the case out of the principle decided in the cases cited by the appellant to show a want of jurisdiction: that the court will presume in favor of the judgment below, because the bill of exceptions does not state that it contained all the evidence: and that the circuit court did not err in the instructions given and refused.
   Scott, J.

The court below overruled the appellant’s motion for a new trial, which on exceptions is assigned for error.

It is contended, by the appellees, that the presumption must be in favor of the judgment below, because, as it is urged, the bill of exceptions is not so explicit in its terms as to exclude the idea that more testimony than appears by it might not have been actually produced on the trial below. It first shows that the appellees, to support the issues on their part, read to the jury the three notes sued on:” then, “that the defendant, to establish payment of said notes, introduced,” &c., naming several witnesses, and detailing the testimony of each: then, no farther testimony being offered, plaintiff asked the following instructions,” &c., and concludes by praying “that this bill of exceptions containing all the facts of the case be signed,” &c. Taking it altogether, we are of the opinion that it as fully excludes the idea that any testimony was produced on the trial that does not appear in the bill of exceptions, as if the words had been used in its conclusion “ that the foregoing was all the testimony that was produced on the trial of this case.” Jordan vs. Adams, 2 Eng. R. 348.

Upon looking into the record, it appears that the court below had jurisdiction of but one of the three demands sought to be recovered by the appellant, and that this amounted to the sum of $8 85 only, besides interest that had accrued on it; — it not appearing that either of the other two demands had been filed with the justice of the peace before whom the proceedings had been commenced. It is urged, however, that, inasmuch as the appellant had himself moved before the justice for the consolidation, and had both in that, and also in the circuit court pleaded to and defended this consolidated suit, it would be abhorrent to justice and common sense to permit bim now, in this court, to set up, as cause for reversal, the fact that these two demands had not been filed before the justice. However specious this may appear, the law seems clearly otherwise, as has been frequently declared by this court in the cases of Beeves vs. Clark, 5 Ark. 27. Anthony Ex aparte, ib. 358. Fowler vs. Pendleton, 1 Eng. 41. Levy vs. Shurman, ib. 182. Wilson vs. Mason et al., 3 Ark. 494; whereby it appears that, on the trial of appeals, the circuit court can claim no more enlarged jurisdiction than the justice had from whose court the case came up, and that universally the proceedings before the justice must show and set forth such facts as constitute a case within its jurisdiction, otherwise the law regards the whole proceeding as coram non judice, and absolutely void:” and that the previous filing of the demand, which is the foundation of the action, must not only appear in the proceedings of the justice as indispensable in cases where the defendant makes default, but also where he appears and defends.

In this case, although the appellees lawfully demanded only the sum of $8 85, with the interest that accrued on that sum, the verdict and judgment are for the sum of $23 16, which should have been sufficient of itself to have induced the court below to have granted the motion for a new trial, and, to have refused, under such circumstances, was manifestly error.

The first instruction given to the jury was not erroneous; nor was the refusal to give that, that was asked and refused, in the terms in which it was asked, inasmuch as the mere employment of any person to measure and pile the plank was not a delivery unless that person so employed had actually measured and piled the plank. But the other instruction given was manifestly much more calculated to mislead and bewilder the jury than enlighten them: because the doctrine of general agency, as presented in this instruction, had no sort of application to the case made by the testimony, and was, in this respect, so far as it'was concerned, abstract and mischievous. True it is’ that, if McKnight was the general agent of Thompson & Clements, and had also, by a work of supererogation, been clothed with special authority to receive the plank, a delivery to him would have been a delivery to them; but the terms of this instruction strongly implied that nothing short of a general agency, and also an additional special authority to receive the plank, would make a delivery to him a delivery to them; and such being its character it is difficult to conceive that it did not mislead the jury, especially when it is remembered that no instruction was given them as to what would, under the circumstances of this case as proven, amount to a delivery in point of law.

For these errors, the judgment of the court below must be reversed, and the cause remanded to be proceeded in.