Case ID: iowa_113/html/0610-01.html
Source: Caselaw Access Project
Author: {"author": "Waterman, J.", "license": "Public Domain", "url": "https://static.case.law/"}
Date Created: 2024-08-24T03:29:51.129683

Fred Bardes, Petitioner, v. William Hutchinson, Judge.
    1 2 3Counterclaim Defined: jurisdiction: After dismissal of main-case. Where plaintiff sued to have a sale of personalty and a note given therefor declared void, and for money judgment for the value of the property, an answer asking that defendant’s title to the note he confirmed and decreed paramount, does not state a counterclaim, under Code, section 3570, providing that a counterclaim must present matter on which an original action might he brought, so that after plaintiff dismissed his action the court was without jurisdiction to render the decree asked by defendants
    
      4 Same. Where plaintiff dismisses as soon as the case is called for trial, the fact that the dismissal is not entered on the judge’s calendar until after evidence is heard in defendant’s behalf did not give the court jurisdiction to render a decree against the plaintiff on an answer that does not state a counterclaim.
    5 Same: Reviewed by Certiorari. The court has no jurisdiction to render a decree against plaintiff after he has dismissed, on an answer that does not state a counterclaim, and hence, such action may he properly reviewed by certiorari.
    6 Same: Presence of attorney without objecting. Where, after plaintiff ras dismissed his action, the court heard defendant’s evidence, and rendered a decree against plaintiff, on an answer that did not state a counterclaim the fact that plaintiff’s attorney was in the court room did not make it incumbent on him to enter exception to the decree in order to review such decree by certiorari.
    
      Certiorari to Sioux District Court.
    
    Saturday, April 13, 1901.
    This case is brought to this court by writ of certiorari to review the proceedings of the district court of Sioux county, Hutchinson, J\, presiding-, in which judgment was rendered against plaintiff in a proceeding wherein it is claimed the court had no jurisdiction of plaintiff. The facts wil] be found in the opinion.
    
    Judgment annulled.
    
    
      Lohr Gardiner & Lohr and P. D. Van Oosterhout for plaintiff.
    
      Hutchinson & :Plank and Fro. Milchrist for defendant.
   Waterman, J.

2 Plaintiff is the trustee in bankruptcy of one Frank T. Walker, a merchant, formerly engaged in business at Hawarden. As such trustee, plaintiff filed a petition in equity in the district court of Sioux-county against the First National Bank of Hawarden, the Bank of Aleester, S. D., Charles B.. Allen, -and Frank T. Walker, setting up the following facts: That about March 1, 1899, Walker was adjudged a bankrupt under the federal statute, and plaintiff was appointed trustee; that prior thereto, and on the 16th day of January, Walker was indebted to various individuals for goods sold him in the amount of $12,000, to the First ationai Bank of Hawarden in the sum of $1,000, and to the Bank of Alcester, in South Dakota, in the sum of $450; that said Walker was at this time insolvent. It is 'further charged that on the date last named Walker made a pretended sale of his stock -of merchandise to defendant Charles B. Allen, for the consideration of about $1,164, for which a promissory note was given that matured about August 1, 1899. On the same day Walker transferred said note'to the Hawarden bank for the sum of $1,629.35, of which about $115 was paid by said bank to Walker, and the remainder was applied in payment of his indebtedness to it and to the Bank of Alcester. It is alleged, further, that Allen was not the real purchaser of said merchandise, but that he acted for the Hawarden bank, which in fact was the buyer, and, that at the time of these transactions all of said parties engaging in them had reason to-believe, and did believe and know, that defendant was insolvent, and it was the intention in selling said stock of goods and transferring said note to give a preference over other creditors to the ‘ two defendant banks. Wherefore it is prayed that the note and the conveyance of the stock of merchandise be declared fraudulent and void, and held invalid against plaintiff, and that defendants be compelled to account for the, property and profits, and that plaintiff have judgment for the value of such property. In due time an answer was filed, in which the sale of the stock of merchandise to Allen, and the giving by him of the promissory note and its transfer to the Hawarden bank, are admitted. It is averred that defendants had good reason at the time to believe that Walker was solvent. It is further said that the note so transferrted to the bank has been fully paid. In another division of the answer, and the one that affords the ground for this controversy, the same facts are substantially admitted, tbe same allegation of belief on the part of defendants in the solvency of Walker is made, and then follows these paragraphs: “That by reason of the assignment and delivery of said note by said Walker, this defendant became the unqualified owner thereof, and had a title thereto that was paramount and superior to any right, title, or interest thereto that may be claimed by he plaintiff. Wherefore the defendant, the First National Bank of ITawarden, asks that it may be adjudged and decreed that its title to said note conveyed to it by said Walker may be established and confirmed, and decreed to be paramount and superior to any right, title, or interest of plaintiff thereto.” When the case was called for trial, but before any testimony was offered, plaintiff, in open court, dismissed his action. Defendants claimed the right, notwithstanding the dismissal, to prove the so-called “affirmative allegations” of their answer and have judgment thereon. The court did not enter the dismissal at once, but heard testimony on defendants’ part, held in their favor, and rendered judgment finding “the note was not accepted by the bank for the purpose of obtaining a preference; * * * that the title of the defendant the First National Bank of ITawarden to the said note conveyed to it by said Walker is paramount and superior to any right, title, or interest of jilaintiff.” The costs were then taxed to plaintiff.

4 I. The position taken by appellees is that their answer set up a counterclaim, and the dismissal by plaintiff did not affect their right to affirmative relief. It is not entitled a counterclaim in the pleading, but this alone would not be decisive. Bank v. Carr, 49 Iowa, 359. The subject-matter in the pleading is not, however, that of a counterclaim. It will be noticed the plaintiff does not claim title to, or a right of possession of, the note. ITc merely prays to have the transaction in which it was given declared void, and asks a money judgment. Under the ordinary defensive allegations of an answer, a decree in defendant’s favor would give it all the. rights which it could possibly establish under the miscalled “affirmative” averments of its pleadings. Walker v. Land Co., 66 Iowa, 750. A counterclaim proper presents matter upon which an original action might be brought in defendant’s favor. Code, section 3570. Tested by this rule, the answer clearly did not set up one. The note had been fully paid, and the proceeds were in the possession of the Hawarden bank. With this state of affairs existing, it obviously had no right of action against plaintiff. See, further, on this point, Kavaler v. Machula, 77 Iowa, 121; Stuart v. Hines, 33 Iowa, 60. Something is claimed for tire fact that the entry of dismissal was not made by the court until after evidence was heard in defendant’s behalf. As the dismissal was brought to the court’s knowledge at once upon its being announced, we do not regard it as material when the entry was made in the judge’s calendar. When it was disclosed to the presiding judge that plaintiff’s case was dismissed, the fact became apparent that the latter was out of court. Page v. Sackett, 69 Iowa, 226.

II. We have next to consider whether certiorari is the proper remedy. Upon dismissal, there being no counterclaim, the jurisdiction over plaintiff ceased, and, when an inferior tribunal acts without jurisdiction, such a remedy is proper. Code, section 4154, and notes. It is said on behalf of defendants that one of the attorneys for plaintiff was present when the evidence was offered to prove their case, and it is insisted that he should have entered his exception and asserted plaintiff’s rights by appeal. The presence of plaintiff’s attorney in the court room when the proceedings were had of which complaint is made cannot affect the right to resort to this remedy, unless such fact conferred jurisdiction on the district court, and, manifestly, it did not have t.bis effect. In our opinion, the station of the court in rendering the judgment -it did was' ’unwarranted, and' the same is' hereby annulled.