Case ID: misc_18/html/0430-01.html
Source: Caselaw Access Project
Author: {"author": "Bischoff, J.", "license": "Public Domain", "url": "https://static.case.law/"}
Date Created: 2024-08-24T03:29:51.129683

Joseph Kraus et al., Respondents, v. The J. H. Mohlman Co., Appellant.
    (Supreme Court, Appellate Term,
    November, 1896.)
    •1. Sale — Ratification Of acts of purchasing agent.
    Proof that a portion of the goods ordered by an employee were delivered to and retained by the employers for forty days, without objection, and that such goods were included in the trade catalogue issued by him, is ■ sufficient to authorize a finding that such retention of the goods amounted to an acceptance and a ratification of the employee’s act.
    2. Appeal — Questions reviewable. -
    On an appeal from the City Court of New York, the Appellate Term cannot review .the charge without an exception.
    
      3. Same Admission ;of evidence.
    The admission of letters of an alleged agent before there is any proof of his authority is not reversible, even when such proof is subsequently given . or ratification shown.
    Kraus v. J. H. Mohlman Co., 17 Mise. Rep. 288, affirmed.
    Appeal from affirmance by the General Term of the City Court of ¡New York of a judgment entered upon a verdict at Trial Term in favor of the plaintiffs.
    M. S. Guiterman, for respondents.
    Louis Cohen, for appellant.
   Bischoff, J.

The appellant’s brief enters at some length into the questions of fact involved in this litigation, and counsel urges that the testimony given as the principal support of the plaintiff’s cause of action was successfully demonstrated to have been unworthy of belief and that, generally, the preponderance of proof was against the verdict rendered. This question, however, was solely within the province of the General Term below to determine, and our inquiry must be confined to questions of law presented by exceptions contained in the record, taking all controverted issues of fact to have been resolved favorably to the respondent by the verdict and, by the affirmance of the jury’s finding, this court is precluded from an- examination into the merits other than for the purpose of discovering whether there was an absence of any evidence in support of the recovery. Carney v. Rielly, 18 Misc. Rep. 11; Grier v. Hazard, 39 N. Y. St. Repr. 74.

From the appellant’s citation of authorities it appears that our jurisdiction over questions of fact arising upon the trial of causes in the District Courts has been confounded with our limited power of review in such cases' as the present, wherein we sit not as a tribunal of fact, but as the ultimate tribunal of law.

The action was brought to recover the agreed price of 10,000 cigars, under a verbal contract for their sale and delivery to the defendant by the plaintiffs upon the defendant’s refusal to accept and make payment for the goods, and it is claimed for the appellant that the trial justice erred in denying the motion for a dismissal of the complaint upon the grounds that the individual assuming to make this contract for the defendant had no authority so to do and that the transaction was void under the statute of frauds, hi that, the value of the goods was over $50- and there having been no note or memorandum signed by the defendant at the-time of the'agreement/ From the record some evidence appears from which it was inferable that Brintzinghoffer, the agent .through whom this, contract was made, had authority from the president of the defendant corporation, Mr. Schmidt, to conclude the transaction in question, but, beyond this,- the agent’s testimony was that Mr. Schmidt approved of his act after the samples of these cigars were submitted. Furthermore, it is uncontradieted that 5,000 of the cigars were delivered by the plaintiffs to the defendant. and were retained by the latter for a period of forty days, without objection,, and the defendant’s catalogue, as issued to the trade, contained a mention of this- particular brand, made only by the plaintiffs, as offered for Sale. Thus, whether the evidence as to original authority in Brintzinghoffer was satisfactory or not, there was some proof supporting a very reasonable inference of acceptance of the contract through acquiescence in the delivery during -a considerable period- of time, and also proof of a direct ratification. Therefore, it is impossible to hold that the case should have been withheld from the jury upon this'issue of agency; and so, too,.of the' defense of the statute of frauds, since proof in support of a part delivery and acceptance, sufficient to take the case .without the statute, if found by the. jury favorably to the plaintiffs, appeared in the record. It was entirely for the jury to say whether or not the defendant’s retention of these goods, under all the circumstances of the case, amounted to an. acceptance, and they were not unauthorized to find that it did, which finding rendered the defense, based upc-n the statute, unavailing. . The issues were submitted to the jury under a" charge in. which the measure of damages was stated to be the contract price of the cigars, 10,000 as ordered, with interest, and the appellant now claims that there was no evidence showing, the plaintiff’s readiness ■ to deliver the remaining 5,000;. heneé that the damages should not have covered the contract price for goods to that extent. In; answer we may say that the appellant, by failing to raise the' question upon the trial and to take any exception to the charge, must be deemed' for the purposes of an appeal to this court, to have acquiesced in this, manner of submission of the- case, since, while the General Term had power to review the charge without an exception (Austin v. Railroad Co., 39 N. Y. St. Repr. 76), we may. not do so. Crane v. Schloss, id. 92. But apart from this it is to' be noted that tlie plaintiff’s exhibit I appears to furnish the proof that the goods undelivered were held by the plaintiffs subject to the defendant’s order, and the rule of damages contended for by the appellant was ■not the proper one under the pleadings, which authorized a recovery only for the breach of an entire contract to accept goods at an agreed price. The vendors had elected this one of their available forms of redress and consistently limited their proof of damage to the contract price; therefore, the evidence of the actual cost of manufacture, sought to be elicited by the defendant, was immaterial and properly excluded.

Exceptions were taken to the admission in evidence of letters written by Brintzinghoffer to the plaintiffs, relative to this transaction, at the time of making the contract, upon the ground that there was, at the time of the admission, no proof of authority to bind the defendant. We think that no error was committed in this regard; the matter had to do with the order of proof, which was within the discretion of the trial court, and, moreover, the question was one which did not depend upon original authority alone since, by ratification, these acts of the agent, within the course of the transaction, could have become binding upon the defendants, and proof in that regard was afterward forthcoming. The admission of the evidence, although unsupported by proof of authority at the time, was, therefore, not error such as could call for a reversal of the. judgment. Rogers v. Murray, 110 N. Y. 658; Smith v. Dodge, 19 N. Y. St. Repr. 292.

The court properly admitted in evidence the “ Oigar list,” or catalogue, issue by the defendant to the trade and mailed by Brintzinghoffer to the plaintiffs, containing a mention of this particular brand of cigars as being in stock and for sale at retail. This paper was fully identified by the witness as being the printed catalogue issued by the defendant and it was material in so far as it tended to show, the latter’s admission of the receipt and acceptance of the goods.

The other numerous exceptions' taken by the appellant to rulings upon evidence have been examined and are not found to call for individual discussion; in the majority* of cases they were taken to discretionary rulings' and in no casé is prejudicial error apparent-

The judgment must be affirmed, with costs.

Daly, P. J., and McAdam, J., concur.

Judgment affirmed, with costs.