Case ID: ad_70/html/0202-01.html
Source: Caselaw Access Project
Author: {"author": "McLaughlin, J.: Van Brunt, P. J. (dissenting):", "license": "Public Domain", "url": "https://static.case.law/"}
Date Created: 2024-08-24T03:29:51.129683

Jeannette Crow, Respondent, v. Metropolitan Street Railway Company, Appellant.
    
      Negligence—injury from, a passenger being thrown from a car by its sudden starting after it had slowed up —permanent injuries must be alleged — when an erroneous admission of evidence is cured by the charge.
    
    In an action to recover damages for personal injuries, sustained by the plaintiff while a passenger on one of the defendant’s street cars, evidence that the plaintiff indicated to the conductor her desire to alight at á certain point; that th? conductor rang the bell, and that, in obedience to the signal, the speed of the car was slackened; that the plaintiff then went to the rear platform and took hold of the rail of the car, and that while she was in this position and before the car had' come to a full stop, its speed was, without warning to her, sud- .'■ denly increased and she was thrown to the street, is sufficient to warrant a finding that the defendant was guilty of negligence.
    Van Brunt, P. J., and Ingraham, J., dissented.
    Evidence that the plaintiff sustained permanent injuries as a result of the accident is not admissible, in" the absence of an allegation to that effect in the complaint. ' .
    
      The admission of evidence of permanent injuries, over the objection of the defendant that they had not been pleaded, does not, however, constitute error requiring the reversal of a judgment in favor of the plaintiff, where it appears that the court in its charge instructed the jury for what injuries they could award damages, and did not include therein permanent injuries.
    Van Brunt/ 1?. J., and Ingraham, J., dissented.
    Appeal by the defendant, the Metropolitan Street Railway Company, from a judgment of the Supreme Court in favor of the plaintiff, entered in the office of the clerk of the county of New York on the 21st day of September, 1901, upon the verdict of a jury for $1,500, and also from an order entered in said clerk’s office on the 20th day of September, 1901, denying the defendant’s motion for a new trial made upon the minutes.
    
      Theodore H. Lord, for the appellant.
    
      Lyman A. Spalding, for the respondent.
   McLaughlin, J.:

This action was brought to recover damages for personal injuries alleged to have been sustained by the plaintiff through the negligence of the defendant. She had a verdict for $1,500, and from the judgment entered thereon, as well as from an order denying a motion for a new trial, defendant has appealed.

On the 3d of March, 1899, the plaintiff, then upwards of seventy-five years of age, entered one of the defendant’s cars at One Hundred and Fifteenth street for the purpose of going to Forty-third street in the city of New York, and when she reached Forty-third street, according to her testimony, she indicated to the conductor her desire to get off at that street, but for some reason the car was not stopped, and after it had passed Forty-third street she called the conductor’s attention to that fact and again requested him to have the car stopped in order that she might get off. He thereupon rang the bell of the car once and it immediately commenced to slow up, and she prepared t&'-get off by going to the rear platform and taking hold of the rail of the car; that while she was in this position, and before the car had come to a full stop, its speed was, without warning to her, suddenly increased, or, to use her own language, “ the car gave a violent jerk,” and she was thrown to the street and injured. She was corroborated as to the fact that the bell was rung for the car to stop by the defendant’s witness Aiken, who testified that- when the car was on •the north side of Forty-second street he heard the conductor ring the bell for it to stop. On the part of the defendant, the conductor testified that he did not remember that the' plaintiff asked him to stop the car; in fact, he did not remember seeing her at all until she fell from the car; that it was the custom to slacken the speed of the car in approaching Forty-second street in order to avoid collisions with cars running east and west on that street; he denied that there was any sudden starting of the car after it commenced to slow up, and in that respect as well as to the custom of the defendant to slacken the speed of the. car at that point, he was corroborated by the motorman arid other witnesses. The conductor, however, did not deny that lie rang the bell for the car to stop at Forty-second street, ¿or did the motorman deny that the bell was rung for him to stop at that place.

We have, therefore, evidence from which the jury might have-found that, after the plaintiff had indicated her desire to get off the car, and after the signal had been given by the conductor to the motorman to stop the car for that purpose, that in obedience to that signal the motorman had slackened the speed of the car preparatory' to stopping it, and while the plaintiff was preparing to get off, the speed of the car, without notice to the plaintiff, was greatly increased and by reason thereof she- was thrown to the street and injured; and if such facts had been found by them, then they might well have found that tlie defendant had not performed its full duty to the plaintiff. After the car had commenced to slow up at her request she had a right to prepare to leave the car, and she also had' a right to assume that the conditions existing at that time would - be continued until the car had béen stopped and she had been afforded an opportunity to get off. There certainly was sufficient evidence, as it seems to me, to go to the jury upon these questions of fact.

This case is - clearly distinguishable from Armstrong v. Met. St. Rway. Co. (36 App. Div. 525), and Sims v. Met. St. Rway. Co. (65 id. 210). In each of those cases the defendant was held not liable for the reason that it did not appear that any signal to stop the car had been given to the person in control of the car, or that the plaintiff hada right to assume that the slackening of the speed of the car in each instance was for the purpose of permitting him to get off!

It also urged that the judgment should be reversed, because the learned trial justice erred in allowing the plaintiff to prove special damages in the nature of permanent in juries which were not alleged in the complaint. It is true the complaint did not allege permanent injuries, and upon the trial the plaintiff’s physician was asked the following question: “ Q. Doctor, how long, in your judgment, Will the effects of these injuries remain ? ” He answered, against defendant’s objection and exception : “A. I think they will be permanent.” A motion was made to strike out the answer on the ground of the objection, and this was denied. The objection should have been sustained, and the motion to strike out should have been granted.. In the absence of proper allegations in the complaint to the effect that the plaintiff had sustained permanent injuries, she could not prove such facts upon the trial. (Clark v. Met. St. Rway. Co., 68 App. Div. 49.) But we do not think the defendant could have been injured by this answer. At the close of the trial the jury were specifically told for what injuries damages could be awarded, and those enumerated did not include permanent injuries. At the conclusion of the. charge, plaintiff’s counsel requested the court to charge that the jury could award damages for future pain and suffering. This request was denied, the court saying: I think the evidence upon that subject is so doubtful that it would not be right to say there are any consequences in the future, considering her present age, for which the railroad company is liable.” This was equivalent to telling the jury to disregard the evidence as to permanent injuries, inasmuch as they could not award damages therefor. The defendant apparently was satisfied with the instructions given on this subject, inasmuch as no exceptions were taken to the charge and no requests made, so far as appears, which were not granted. Under such circumstances, we do not think the admission of this evidence was injurious to the defendant.

The judgment and order must be affirmed, with costs,

Hatch and Laughlin, JJ., concurred; Van Brunt, P. J., and Ingraham, J., dissented.

Van Brunt, P. J. (dissenting):

It seems to me that the judgment of the court in this case is founded upon the fact that the car slowed up after the plaintiff had notified the conductor of her desire to alight at the next street, and that, although not at a regular stopping place, she had a right to treat this as ay invitation to alight. It appears that the car was approaching a railroad crossing, and that it slowed up for that reason, and that its proper stopping place was upon the other side of the street.' Under these circumstances, the mere fact that the car slowed up preparatory to crossing a street upon which ran another railway, was not an invitation to the.plaintiff to alight.-

I, therefore, dissent.

Ingraham, J., concurred.

Judgment and order affirmed, with, costs.