Case ID: f-appx_532/html/0764-01.html
Source: Caselaw Access Project
Author: {"author": "", "license": "Public Domain", "url": "https://static.case.law/"}
Date Created: 2024-08-24T03:29:51.129683

UNITED STATES of America, Plaintiff-Appellee, v. Marc Sadi VOGEL, Defendant-Appellant. United States of America, Plaintiff-Appellee, v. We Lend More, Inc., Defendant-Appellant.
    Nos. 12-50306, 12-50513.
    United States Court of Appeals, Ninth Circuit.
    Argued and Submitted June 4, 2013.
    Filed July 9, 2013.
    Melanie K Pierson, Bruce R. Castetter, Assistant U.S. Attorney, Office of the U.S. Attorney, San Diego, CA, for PlaintiffAppellee.
    Knut Sveinbjorn Johnson, Esquire, Law Office of Knut S. Johnson, San Diego, CA, for Defendant-Appellant.
    Before: TROTT and W. FLETCHER, Circuit Judges, and STEIN, District Judge.
    
    
      
       The Honorable Sidney H. Stein, District Judge for the U.S. District Court for the Southern District of New York, sitting by designation.
    
   MEMORANDUM

Marc Sadi Vogel and We Lend More, Inc., appeal their convictions for unlawful transportation of hazardous waste, 42 U.S.C. § 6928(d)(1), unlawful disposal of hazardous waste, 42 U.S.C. § 6928(d)(2)(A), and transportation of hazardous waste without a manifest, 42 U.S.C. § 6928(d)(5). We affirm.

The decision to exclude a particular piece of evidence is reviewed for abuse of discretion. See United States v. Decoud, 456 F.3d 996, 1010 (9th Cir.2006). All of the evidence Vogel requested came in at trial except absent codefendant Raul Gonzalez-Lopez’s 1992 conviction for possession of a controlled substance with intent to sell. Given that conviction’s minimal relevance to the instant case, the district court did not abuse its discretion in excluding it.

Vogel did not request a jury instruction on evidence of flight of a co-defendant, and so his challenge is subject to plain error review. United States v. Kilbride, 584 F.3d 1240, 1247 (9th Cir.2009). There was no plain error here. The Ninth Circuit Model Criminal Jury Instructions “generally recommend[] against giving specific inference instructions in such areas as flight or concealment of identity because the general instruction on direct and circumstantial evidence is sufficient.” 9th Cir. Model Crim. Jury Inst. 4.17 (2010).

The district court’s jury instructions did not apply the wrong mens rea standard. The law does not require a heightened mens rea standard for lay persons in hazardous waste cases. See United States v. Int’l Minerals & Chem. Corp., 402 U.S. 558, 568, 91 S.Ct. 1697, 29 L.Ed.2d 178 (1971). Nor did the district court improperly instruct the jury regarding the mistake-of-fact defense. The district court instructed the jury that if it had “a reasonable doubt about whether the defendants had the requisite knowledge or intent[ ] because of their mistake” of fact, it must find them not guilty. This adequately represented defendants’ theory of the case. See United States v. Lopez-Alvarez, 970 F.2d 583, 597 (9th Cir.1992).

We Lend More’s convictions need not be reversed even though the government did not introduce evidence of the company’s corporate status. We Lend More’s corporate status is not an element of any charged offense, and the company’s trade name (We Lend More, Inc.) provides adequate evidence of its corporate status in any event. See United States v. Scoblick, 225 F.2d 779, 782-83 (3d Cir.1955) (finding that, absent an objection, testimony describing a trade name including “Inc.” “was sufficient to show ... corporate identity”).

Finally, because there was no error, there was no cumulative error warranting reversal. United States v. Romo-Chavez, 681 F.3d 955, 962 (9th Cir.2012).

AFFIRMED. 
      
       This disposition is not appropriate for publication and is not precedent except as provided by 9th Cir. R. 36-3.