Case ID: sw_153/html/0316-01.html
Source: Caselaw Access Project
Author: {"author": "HARPER, J.", "license": "Public Domain", "url": "https://static.case.law/"}
Date Created: 2024-08-24T03:29:51.129683

WISNOSKI v. STATE.
    
    (Court of Criminal Appeals of Texas.
    Jan. 15, 1913.)
    1. Homicide (§ 50)—Manslaughter—"Ade-quate Cause”—Instructions.
    The mere fact that deceased wrongfully cut a bicycle tire of a friend of defendant is not an “adequate cause” for such passion as will reduce a killing to manslaughter, or to call for an instruction on manslaughter; anger alone not reducing an offense to manslaughter, even though it be a sudden passion, rendering the mind incapable of cool reflection.
    [Ed. Note.—For other cases, see Homicide, Cent. Dig. § 74; Dec. Dig. § 50.
    
    For other definitions, see Words and Phrases, vol. 1, pp. 181, 182.]
    2. Homicide (§ 253)—Murder in the First Decree—Evidence.
    Evidence held, to warrant a verdict of murder in the first degree.
    [Ed. Note.—For other cases, see Homicide, Cent. Dig. §§ 523-532; Dec. Dig. § 253.]
    3. Homicide (§ 281)—Trial — Questions for Jury.
    In a murder case, whether a witness had withdrawn from an assault at the time of the killing so as to render him not an accomplice held, under the evidence, for the jury.
    [Ed. Note.—For other cases, see Homicide, Cent. Dig. § 573; Dec. Dig. § 281.]
    4. Criminal Law (§ 377)—Admission of Evidence of Veracity.
    Where the state had not sought to impeach the defendant, the court did not err in refusing to permit him to prove that his reputation for veracity was good, even though there is a contradiction between the witnesses.
    [Ed. Note.—For other cases, see Criminal Law, Cent. Dig. §§ 836, 837, 840; Dec. Dig. § 377.]
    5. Homicide (§ 313)—Verdict—Certainty.
    An objection to a verdict, “we find the defendant guilty as charged in the indictment of murder in the first degree,” on the ground that it is uncertain in that the indictment embraces all the degrees of homicide, is hypercritical.
    _[Ed. Note.—For other cases, see Homicide, Cent. Dig. §§ 671-675; Dec. Dig. § 313.]
    6. Criminal Law (§ 1090)—Appeal—Bill of Exceptions—Review.
    Grounds in a motion for new trial complaining of the inadmissibility of testimony to ■which no bill of exceptions was reserved cannot be reviewed.
    [Ed. Note. — For other cases, see Criminal Law, Cent. Dig. §§ 2653, 2789, 2803-2822, 2825-2827, 2927, 2928, 2948, 3204; Dec. Dig. § 1090.]
    7. Cp.iííinax, Law (§ 1134) — Review—Testimony 03? PRINCIPAL.
    The court on appeal cannot consider the testimony in another case of one therein charged as principal in the same offense, since to •do so would be considering evidence which the law prohibits in the trial court.
    [Ed.' Note. — For other cases, see Criminal Law, Cent. Dig. §§ 2587, 2953, 2986-2998, 3056, 3067-3071; Dec. Dig. § 1134.]
    Appeal from District Court, Erath County; W. J. Oxford, Judge.
    Frank Wisnoski' was convicted of murder in the first degree, and he appeals.
    Affirmed.
    B. E. Cook and L. N. Frank, both of Ste-phenville, for appellant. C. E. Lane, Asst. Atty. Gen., for the State.
    
      
      For other cases see same topic and section NUMBER in Dec. Dig. & Am. Dig. Key-No. Series & Rep’r Indexes
    
    
      
       Rehearing denied February 12, 1913.
    
    
      
      For other oases see same topic and section NUMBER in Dec. Dig. & Am. Dig. Key-No. Series & Rep’r Indexes •
    
   HARPER, J.

Appellant was indicted, -charged with murder,' and convicted of murder in the first degree, and his punishment •assessed at imprisonment in the penitentiary for life.

It appears that Frank Wisnoski, appellant, resided in Thurber, and Walter Cukierski, Tom Mulkowski, and John Zeilinski boarded with him. On Sunday night, May 26, 1912, the Polish residents of Thurber had a celebration at the home of Jake Sabota, and all the above four attended. Appellant and Cu-kierski rode their bicycles to the dance, leaving them on the outside. It appears that deceased, John Czerwinski cut the tire of Cu-kierski’s bicycle, and, when it “popped,” all four of the above-named parties went out there, and some quarreling was engaged in. Another Polander, Frank Bida, seeing that trouble was likely to ensue, called the attention of the others to the fact that deceased was drunk, saying he would doubtless make it all right when he got sober, and said he would take deceased home, and started with him, getting some 75 or 80 feet down the road with him, when, so says Frank Weniek, John Zeilinski, Walter Cukierski, .and Tom Mulkowski followed after them, and took deceased away from Bida, and began striking and fighting deceased, pushing him along back towards the way they had come. He says appellant was calling to them, “give it to him, give it to him.” He furthermore .adds that deceased fell, and, when he fell to the ground, “Cukierski kicked him several times. I don’t know how many, and all the time deceased was calling out to Cukier-ski, or to some one, ‘What are you beating me for?’ or ‘What are you kicking me for?’ I did not hear Cukierski reply to deceased further than to hear him cursing deceased. He had kicked deceased five or six times. Up to this time defendant had remained there about the bicycle somewhere, or had got a little ways from it in the direction of the deceased, and was cursing and telling them to give it to him. Defendant then came up, talking and cursing, on one side of deceased, while deceased was still lying on the ground, and said to deceased: ‘You no go home yet?’ or ‘Why you never go home yet?’ He then came to deceased, and with his left hand raised deceased from the ground, and then threw him back again. John Zeilinski was on the other side of deceased from defendant. I did not see any knife in the hands of any one at this time.” This witness was some distance away on the gallery of Sabota’s house, but he then went to deceased and found he was dead.

John Zeilinski says: “I was at the house of Jake Sabota, at the Sunday night dance, and saw defendant there. I saw some of the trouble between deceased and Walter Cukier-ski, and saw deceased after Walter Cukierski had knocked him down, and also saVv Ch-kierski kicking deceased after he had knocked him down. He kicked him some three or four times after he was down, and during the time deceased was holding his arms over his head and face and groaning. Deceased at’ the time was lying on his side, with his arms and hands over his head, groaning am asking Cukierski what he was kicking him for. Cukierski kicked deceased three or four times when Frank Bida called out to Cu-kierski not to kick deceased any more, or he would kick his kidneys loose. After this, Cukierski stepped back a little ways from deceased. Defendant at this time was standing not far from the gate in front of the Sabota house. I was standing behind Walter Cukierski, who had stepped a little back from deceased, when the defendant came up to deceased, took hold of him, and raised him up and turned him over a little. I went up to deceased as the defendant did, and had stooped down towards him, as the defendant took hold of him and turned him over, and I saw defendant stick his dirk knife in deceased, and saw the blood come from deceased’s breast, and from his nose and mouth, and some of it got on my pants as it spurted from deceased. I have on now the same pants I was wearing at the time deceased was stabbed, and the same on which the blood from deceased spurted when he was cut.”

Dr. Dorsett says he found three wounds on the body of deceased — one between the fourth and fifth rib and near the nipple, which pierced his heart, another on the left shoulder, and another on the top of the head. The wound in the breast was the fatal wound. Appellant admits he had his dirk with him, but denies cutting deceased, denies he had any part in the difficulty, and says, when he went to deceased, he turned him over, and, finding he was seriously hurt, he went for the officers and a doctor, and this he did do. Appellant earnestly insists that the court erred in submitting the issue of murder in the first and second degree, claiming that the evidence does not raise these degrees of unlawful homicide; and, further, that the court erred in refusing to charge on manslaughter. Our Code defines murder in article 1140: “Every person with a sound memory and discretion who shall unlawfully kill any reasonable creature in being, with malice aforethought, either express or implied, shall be deemed guilty of murder” — and that murder is distinguishable from every other species of homicide by the absence of circumstances which reduce the offense to negligent homicide or manslaughter, or which will excuse or justify the homicide.

If appellant killed the deceased, the record nowhere suggests any excuse or justification for him doing so. No one testified to any act on the part of deceased which would authorize any one of the party to take his life. Neither is there any suggestion of negligent homicide in the record. Now, what fact or circumstance appears in the record which would be “adequate cause” to reduce the offense to manslaughter? It doubtless is true that deceased cut Cukierski’s bicycle tire and was guilty of a wrongful act in so doing; that Cukierski was a friend of appellant, and boarded at his house. It may be that he, Zeilinski, Mulkowski, and Cukierski all became enraged at him for so doing, but anger alone will not reduce an offense to manslaughter. Under our law, manslaughter is predicated upon adequate cause, and, unless there is an adequate cause in law to produce the passion, the homicide will not be reduced from murder to manslaughter, even though it may be committed under the influence of sudden passion rendering the mind incapable of cool reflection. Clore v. State, 26 Tex. App. 627, 10 S. W. 242. Article 1131 of the Code specifically provides that “an injury to property, unaccompanied .by violence, is not adequate cause,” and in this case all that is shown is an injury to the property of Cukierski, unaccompanied by any act of violence on the part of deceased, consequently the court did not err in refusing to charge on manslaughter, and properly submitted for the consideration the issues of murder in the first and second degree, and had the killing taken place immediately upon discovering that deceased had punctured the tire of the bicycle, and defendant became enraged thereat, it would doubtless have been of no higher degree of offense than murder in the second degree. But deceased is carried away by a friend, and he is pursued by at least three of them, who take him from Bid a, and who ■ strike him on the head, knock him down, kick him while he is down, and otherwise maltreat him, appellant at the time encouraging them by calling to them to “Give it to him,” etc., and it is shown beyond dispute that some one of the. four inflicted the mortal wound, and, under such circumstances, we think the court was not only right in submitting murder in the first degree, but the evidence amply supports the verdict.

Appellant also earnestly insists that, if appellant is guilty of murder, Zeilinski is an accomplice, and the court should have so instructed the jury, and erred in submitting to the jury whether or not Zeilinski was an accomplice to the murder. That Zeilinski was engaged with Cukierski in making an assault on deceased there can be no question, but the evidence in this ease would clearly indicate that the mortal wound was not inflicted at that time, but, after Zqilinski and Cukierski had desisted at Bida’s solicitation, the evidence shows that appellant and Zeilinski approached deceased and turned him over, Zeilinski saying it was at this time appellant plunged the dirk into deceased’s breast, and he says: “I did not know at the time defendant came up to the deceased that he had his knife out and was going to cut the deceased, and did not see the knife until he cut the deceased with it.” If in fact witness at the time, as testified to by this witness, did not know appellant was going to make any character of assault on deceased, he would not be a principal in the homicide if it then occurred, and, while there is evidence that perhaps authorizes the jury to find that he was a principal in the homicide, yet it was a question of fact, and the court acted properly in submitting that issue to be passed on by the jury. Carroll v. State, 62 S. W. 1061; Ranson v. State, 49 S. W. 582; Hankins v. State, 47 S. W. 993; Zollicoffer v. State, 16 Tex. App. 317. If it should be held that Zeilinski was in law an accomplice, we think there is sufficient corroboration of his testimony tending to connect the defendant with the commission of the offense to sustain the verdict, and, if Zeilinski’s testimony is true, it was a coldblooded assassination; the death wound being inflicted while deceased lay prostrate on the ground. That appellant went to deceased, turned him over, and had the dirk in his hand at the time is proven beyond dispute, and the other circumstances in the case, the nature of the wound, etc., point to him as the person who did the killing.

The state not having sought to impeach appellant, there was no error in the court refusing, to permit him to prove that his reputation for truth and veracity was good. In Branch’s Crim. Law, § 877, the rule is correctly stated to be that proof of reputation of defendant or of any other witness for truth and veracity is not admissible, where no attack has been made on the witness, but there is mere contradiction between the witnesses. Hill v. State, 52 Tex. Cr. R. 246, 106 S. W. 145; Bass v. State, 65 S. W. 919; Jacobs v. State, 42 Tex. Cr. R. 353, 59 S. W. 1111; Britt v. State, 21 Tex. App. 221, 17 S. W. 255. Appellant’s complaint that the court should have instructed the jury not to consider the words passing between appellant and Joe Sikoski presents no error. This conversation was intermixed and intermingled with the beginning of the trouble with deceased, and it was admissible in evidence, and, being admissible under the evidence in this case, it was proper for the court to permit the jury to consider it along with the other evidence in the case; at least a failure to instruct the jury in regard thereto would and could not have been injurious to appellant.

Appellant reserved a bill of exceptions to the verdict as returned. The verdict reads: “We, the jury, find the defendant guilty as charged in the indictment of murder in the first degree, and assess his punishment by confinement in the state penitentiary for life.” The contention is that, as the indictment embraces all degrees of unlawful homicide, the words “guilty as charged in the indictment” renders the verdict uncertain. But these words are followed by the words, “of murder in the first degree,” and this renders the verdict certain and specific, and the criticism is hypercritical.

Those grounds in the motion complaining of the inadmissibility of testimony to which no bill of exceptions was reserved cannot be reviewed by us.

Neither can we consider the testimony of Walter Cukierski in connection with this case. It is true in considering his case we will review that record and consider his testimony, but as the law prohibits his testifying in this case, for us to consider it in this case, when it could not be introduced in the trial court, would be for us to override the law, and to take into consideration testimony which the law prohibits being admitted on the trial of the case. Therefore the request of appellant that we consider the testimony of the Cukierski Case, 153 S. W. 313, in passing on this case must be denied, but, if we did consider it, it would avail appellant nothing.

The judgment is affirmed.