Case ID: iowa_179/html/0461-01.html
Source: Caselaw Access Project
Author: {"author": "Ladd, J.", "license": "Public Domain", "url": "https://static.case.law/"}
Date Created: 2024-08-24T03:29:51.129683

William G. Stevenson, Appellant, v. F. P. Robuck, Appellee.
    BOUNDARIES: Acquiescence — Lon*; Continued Recognition — Effect. 1 The recognition, for a period of forty years, of a hedge as the boundary Une between farms, and the cultivation, during such period, of the land up to said hedge, creates an irrevocable boundary line by acquiescence.
    BOUNDARIES: Acquiescence — Established Lines Not Overturned 2 by Naked Parol Agreement. A parol agreement to relocate a boundary line already established by acquiescence is nonenforceable unless accompanied (a) by some present consideration, (b) by possession, or (c) by improvements in reliance thereon.
    
      Appeal from Marion District Court. — Lorin N. Hays, Judge.
    Monday, February 19, 1917.
    Suit to quiet title to a strip of land and obtain possession thereof. In defense, defendant pleaded ownership, acquiescence and adverse possession. On hearing, the petition was dismissed, and plaintiff appeals.
    
    Affirmed.
    
      ■ Lorenzo D. Teter, for appellant.
    
      Crozier & Welch and Brammer, Lehmann & fleecers, for appellee.
   Ladd, J.

I. The plaintiff owns the SW14 and the W% SE]4 of Section 1 in Township 94 North, of Range 20 West of the 5th V. M., and the defendant, the N% NE]4 of Section 12 in the same township. The issue is whether a strip of land 180 feet wide at the quarter section line north and south, and 90 feet wide at the quarter quarter section line to the east, and therefore 80 rods long, belongs to plaintiff, as a part of the W>/> SE]4 of Section 1, or to defendant, as part of the N% NE1/] of Section 12. The southeast corner of Section 1 is not in dispute, and when the surveyor, Nye, surveyed to ascertain the true line between Sections 1 and 12, he began at that corner and proceeded westerly 160 rods, keeping about 15 links south of a hedge which had been planted in 1859. After a vain search of some hours for some mark of the quarter corner, he located the southwest corner of Section 1 and then the quarter corner one, halfway between that and the southeast corner of the same section. This placed the quarter corner 2 chains and 72 links south of the line of the hedge. The search for the quarter corner was occasioned by two previous surveys; one by Watkins in 3883, and the other by Frush in 1854. But the record of neither points out the quarter corner, though Watkins set three tile there, and the minutes by him read:

“W. G. Kennedy and John Royer, both sworn, stated that the hedge running west from the corner was set in the line from, the corner, and that the hedge on either side of the road was set just 33 feet from the corner, while the original corner was still standing found the point thus indicated and set tile and stone. Set in 1883 by N. J. Watkins.”

“Found stone. S. K. Bellamy, sworn, stated that F. M. Frush, county surveyor, found the original corner and placed stone on it. Set tile and stone. ' Set in 1883 by N. J. Watkins.”

Nye testified:

“In 1881, Mr. Watkins, the county surveyor, perpetuated certain government corners; and the records indicate he had placed a tile in the road at the southeast corner of Section 1, and also that the half section mark on the half section corner on the south line of Section 1 was established by Frush when he was surveyor. We also found a stone right at the hedge fence on-the west line of the Johnston land. It has the appearance of being a proper corner set by a surveyor. I think it was set by a surveyor. The records do not show anything about there being a stone there. It is customary for the records to show where land markers are. The survey was made by Mr. Frush in 1854. If he surveyed in either one of the sections (1 or 12), he would record it and tell what he put there.”

The land of Johnston is the E% SE]4 of Section 12, and the stone at the quarter quarter corner is in the hedge and on the line as claimed by defendant. W. G. Kennedy, nearly SO years old, testified to having been familiar with the two sections since' 1854, and that he resided on Section 6 of the township immediately east; that he broke the ground for the hedge row extending from 33 feet west of the southwest corner of the section; that at that time there was a mound about a foot high, on top of which was a rock set in at the quarter corner to the west; that a line was staked between these corners and the hedge set out by Bellamy, who then owned the land now owned by plaintiff; that Bellamy and the witness’ father hauled the plants, and these were set out in 1859; that he was with Watkins when he marked the quarter corner, and saw him put in three tile, with a stone on top of them, at a point 10 or 12 feet west of the end of the hedge and in line with it; that the owners of the land on each side of the hedge had cultivated up to the same since 1858; that there was a post set where the tile was put in; that he owned the 40 acres south of the hedge from 1873 until conveyed to defendant in 1901; that by arrangement he kept up the division fence to the west of his 40 acres, and Bellamy kept up that north of it.

The evidence discloses without dispute that the plaintiff and his grantors have occupied up to and not beyond the hedge during all the years since it was planted, and that defendant and his grantors have done likewise, and that there has been no controversy concerning the hedge as truly marking the division line until shortly prior to the beginning of this action. True, the son of Bellamy testitied to haring heard his father express the opinion that the hedge Aras not where it ought to be; that he lacked 2 or 3 acres of having what he contended he ought to lurre, and that his land should extend south to the little slough; that the impression he got of his father’s meaning was that the government corner Aras or should have been further south than the corner as located by the county surveyor AA’here the hedge fence Aras put in. “I do not think he ever said that Avas the line. I think his idea was that it was the best he could do.’’ His recollection Aras that Kennedy did not plant the hedge, and that his father stretched a line for it and that he assisted his father in setting out the plants. As Kennedy did not claim to have planted the hedge, their testimony is not in conflict.

Moreover, the circumstance that Bellamy thought the true line Avas or ought to be farther south tended strongly to confirm the inference of his having acquiesced in the hedge as marking the true boundary. Though knowing, if so, that the hedge was not on the line, lie made no objection to the occupancy and use by defendant and his grantors up to the hedge, as the boundary between their respective farms, and, in addition to marking the line by planting the hedge, for over 40 years occupied and cultivated his farm up to such hedge Avitliout questioning it as marking the true boundary in dealing with the adjoining OAvner. A stronger case of acquiescence is scarcely to be found in the books, and, as the hedge has been acquiesced in as marking the true boundary between the respective tracts of land for the period stated, all parties are bound thereby. Such is the holding of Miller v. Mills County, 111 Iowa 654, and a long line of cases follOAring it, many of Avhieh are found in the briefs. We are of the opinion that the line of the hedge has been so established as the true division line between the respective farms.

II. Appellant contends, however, that x J the parties agreed, immediately after the Survey of Nye, that the line established by him should constitute the boundary between their lands, and that thereafter fences should be constructed along that line, and that, as defendant had prepared the land up to the hedge, he should put in the crop and pay plaintiff the usual rental therefor. This is disputed in some respects by defendant, hut, even if true, it in no wise estopped him from declining to carry out the oral agree-' ment. It was merely an oral agreement to fix the division line without any present consideration. Possession was not given in pursuance thereof. If defendant was to rent the land, he continued in possession as before. No improvements were made on the strength of the agreement. In Kitchen v. Chantland, 130 Iowa 618, the agreement as to the true line was followed by possession in pursuance thereof, and'improvements made such that, had there been a plea of estoppel, the defendant must have been defeated on that ground alone. That possession must be taken or improvements made or something else done in pursuance of an agreement in parol fixing a boundary, in order - to render it binding on the parties thereto, is settled in Uker v. Thieman, 132 Iowa 79, and Fredricksen v. Bierent, 154 Iowa 34. As nothing was done in pursuance of or by way of performance of the oral understanding of the parties, .neither was bound thereby, and it may not be enforced. — Affirmed.

Gaynor, C. J., Evans and Salinger, JJ., concur.