Case ID: sw_232/html/0799-01.html
Source: Caselaw Access Project
Author: {"author": "EATTIMORE, J.", "license": "Public Domain", "url": "https://static.case.law/"}
Date Created: 2024-08-24T03:29:51.129683

SEARCY v. STATE.
    (No. 6322.)
    (Court of Criminal Appeals of Texas.
    June 15, 1921.)
    1. Indictment and information ©=33(3) — Omission of signature of foreman of grand jury will not invalidate.
    The signature of the foreman of the grand jury to an indictment is a matter of form, and its omission mil not invalidate the indictment, under Vernon’s Ann. Code Cr. Proe. 1916, p. 198, subd. 18.
    2. Criminal law ©=603( 11) —Application for continuance, failing 'to show date of subpoena, insufficient.
    In a prosecution for robbery, an application for a continuance for the absence of a witness, failing to show the date of issuance of subpoena, held insufficient.
    3. Criminal law ©=304(5) —Judicial notice taken that named town not county seat.
    The Court of Criminal Appeals will take judicial notice that Desote is not the county seat of Eastland county, Tex.
    4. Robbery <©=>15 — AH participants guilty, although no agreement directed at one of injured parties.
    An acting together in the robbery of several persons makes all the participants guilty, without proof of any particular agreement directed at one of the injured parties.
    5. Criminal law ©=5365(2)— Evidence of assault on others held admissible as res geste.
    In a prosecution for robbery, where it appeared that defendant, with others, went to a car containing Mexicans and assaulted one of them, and then went to another car, where the robbery was committed, evidence as to the condition of the Mexican in the first car held admissible as res geste.
    6. Witnesses ©=>414(1) — Evidence held admissible in corroboration of testimony of other persons assaulted.
    In a prosecution for robbery, where it appeared that defendant, with others, went to a car containing Mexicans and assaulted some of them, and then went to another car, where the robbery was committed, evidence as to the time when the injured Mexicans arrived in town held material, as corroborating their testimony as to the assault.
    7. Criminal law ©=404(1) — Exhibition of scars resulting from assault by defendant held proper.
    In a prosecution for robbery of Mexicans, where it appeared that defendant, with others, had assaulted one of the Mexicans, it was not error to permit such Mexican to exhibit to the jury the scars on his head.
    8. Robbery ©=24(3)— Evidence identifying defendant sufficient.
    In a prosecution for robbery, evidence of identification of defendant held sufficient.
    Appeal from District Court, Titus County; R. T. Wilkinson, Judge.
    Jesse Searcy was convicted of robbery, and he appeals.
    Affirmed.
    I. N. Williams, of Mt. Pleasant, for appellant.
    R. H. Hamilton, Asst. Atty. Gen., for the State.
   EATTIMORE, J.

Appellant was convicted in the district court of Titus County of the offense of robbery, and his punishment fixed at seven years in the penitentiary.

Appellant complains because the name of the foreman of the grand jury did not appear on the copy of the indictment served on him. He asked for a two-day postponement, in order that he might be served with a true copy of said instrument. We think said motion properly denied. It is the settled law of this state that the signature of the foreman of the grand jury to an indictment is a matter of form, and its omission will not invalidate the indictment. Subdivision 18, p. 198, under article 451, Vernon’s C. C. P.; section 513, Branch’s Ann. P. C. Neither would such omission invalidate the service upon appellant of a copy of the indictment, otherwise correct.

Appellant asked a continuance because of the absence of Orland Robertson. The application is in rather peculiar form. We quote therefrom:

“This defendant made application in the manner and form provided by law for the subpoena of said witness to testify in his behalf. Said application was sent the said Orland Robertson, who was then at Desote, Eastland county, Texas, working in the oil fields. Said application was dated January 14, 1921, and'made returnable January 25, 1921.”

From other recitals in said application we learn that a subpoena for said witness was sent to Desote, Tex., and had not been returned at the time of trial. No diligence is shown. The application for subpoena was dated January 14th, but the date of the issuance of such subpoena is not stated or shown in any way. It should appear.

The subpoena was sent to Desote. To whom, does not appear. Desote is judicially known to us not to be the county seat of Eastland county. It is stated to be the place where the witness was living at the time. Sending a subpoena to the witness would not be diligence. We do not know if there be any officer at Desote legally authorized to execute a subpoena. These matters, of what should be set up in an application, showing diligence, are fully discussed. Vernon’s C. C. P. p. 307; Branch’s Ann. P. C. § 315. There was no error in refusing the application.

One who is present and, knowing the unlawful character of the design of others, acts with thepi in the commission of an offense, need not be shown to- have agreed with them as to all the details. The trial court did not' err in refusing special charges Nos. 1 and 2 to the effect that the minds of appellant and the other parties charged to have been acting with him must have concurred, and their agreement must have been to rob Nicolas Hernandez with a pistol, or else appellant should be acquitted. An acting together in the robbery of several persons would make the participants guilty, without proof of any particular agreement directed at' one of the injured parties. Proof of an acting together of a number of persons in a robbery would make out the guilt of all, and if the weapon used in the assault was a pistol, proof would not be necessary that it was agreed among the alleged principals that a pistol should be used. Ross v. State, 60 Tex. Cr. R. 547, 132 S. W. 793.

In the instant case six Mexicans, working for the Cotton Belt Railway Company, occupied two adjacent cars near a coal chute, close to the town of Mt. Pleasant, in' Titus county. Two of said Mexicans occupied a car which may be referred to in this opinion as No. 1, and the other four occupied car No. 2. On the night in question the Mexicans who occupied car No. 1 said that some ne-groes came' to their car and knocked on the car door and wanted matches, and when it was opened one of the negroes stuck a pistol in the face of the Mexican who opened the door. The door was hastily shut, and the Mexican who had opened it said the negroes began to knock on the end door, and he went out the door on the other end. In the meantime a shot had been fired through the side door. 'When he jumped out of the car, appellant and another negro pursued him for a little ways, and then turned back. Said ne-groes beat up the remaining Mexican in ear No. 1, and he left, going into car No. 2. About the time he got into car No. 2, an attack was made on it, and the side door of said car was broken to pieces, apparently by the blows of a crowbar.

Plernandez, the Mexican who was robbed,stated that he was in car No. 2, and picked up a railroad wrench with which to protect himself in case the door was broken down and the parties entered. When it was battered open, he jumped out on the ground, and three negroes attacked him, one of whom stuck a pistol in his face, and another of whom took the railroad wrench away from him and beat him over the head therewith, and the party of negroes took from him $97 in money. When they turned him loose he went down the railroad track. He said there were other negroes there, besides the three who assaulted him. It appears that some of them got in the car, and the other Mexicans fled. The Mexicans said the robbery occurred about 10:30 or 11 o’clock at night.

There was a negro dance in the town of Bit. Pleasant that night, and appellant and three other negroes, who are named in the record, were present, but left before the dance broke up. An officer, who was down at said dance looking for some parties, testified that he saw appellant and said other three negroes going across a pasture in the direction of the coal chute. Another negro, who was going home that night and walking down- the railroad, testified that as he approached the coal chute about 10:30 or 11 o’clock he saw some men coming and got in a little house, and appellant and the other three negroes named came from the direction of said Mexican boarding cars.

Appellant has a number of bills of exceptions to what occurred in car No. 1, none of which seem to us to possess merit. The two transactions were so closely connected as to make it apparent that the men who were engaged in one were engaged in the other, and what transpired in car No. 1 was material to the development of the entire transaction, and was res gestae of what was done by the negroes in car No. 2. We think evidence of the condition of the Blexican in car No. 1, who was beaten up, was admissible.

The testimony of the witnesses who saw the injured Mexicans coming to town makes it appear that this was about‘the time, or shortly after that, of the alleged robbery, and was material. Same corroborated the testimony of said Blexicans as to their movements and of the fact that they had been assaulted.

No error appears in permitting the alleged injured party, Hernandez, to exhibit to the jury the scars upon his head, which he stated were inflicted by the party of negroes with the railroad wrench, which they took away from him at the time he was robbed.

We think the identification of appellant sufficient. His story of the occurrence amounted to an admission of his presence with said Mexicans in said cars on the night in question; but, he stated that he and the other negroes named went down there for the purpose of engaging in a dice game with the Mexicans, and while so occupied a dispute arose, and the Mexicans attacked him arid his friends with lumps of coal and wrenches and other things, and that he fled". His story as'to how the transaction occurred evidently did not appeal to the trial jury, and does not appear to us to be very plausible. The trial court did not err*in refusing to give appellant’s peremptory instruction.

Finding no error in the record, the judgment of the trial court will be affirmed. 
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