Case ID: ill-app-3d_212/html/0441-01.html
Source: Caselaw Access Project
Author: {"author": "JUSTICE HOWERTON", "license": "Public Domain", "url": "https://static.case.law/"}
Date Created: 2024-08-24T03:29:51.129683

84 LUMBER COMPANY, Plaintiff-Appellant, v. DENNI CONSTRUCTION COMPANY, INC., et al., Defendants-Appellees.
    Fifth District
    No. 5—90—0356
    Opinion filed April 30, 1991.
    
      Gale P. Stipes, of Mateyka & Hill, P.C., of Granite City, for appellant.
    No brief filed for appellee.
   JUSTICE HOWERTON

delivered the opinion of the court:

Plaintiff sued defendants for breach of contract. In a bench trial, the Madison County circuit court found the corporate defendant liable, but did not find the Laymans, who are the president and secretary of the corporation, personally liable. We reverse and remand with directions to enter judgment against the president and secretary.

Plaintiff sells building materials. One of its salespersons dropped off a credit application at the office of Denni Construction Co., Inc., where Darrell and Deni-Jeanne Layman, the individual defendants, signed the application. The salesperson did not explain the contract terms. Later the salesperson picked up the application and mailed it to 84 Lumber Company’s main office, where the credit application was approved. An account number and subsequent invoices were issued in the corporation’s name. Defendants failed to pay on their account, and plaintiff sued the Laymans individually and sued also their corporation.

At trial, the parties stipulated that the corporation was liable for $10,110.35, plus costs. The circuit court entered judgment against Denni Construction Co., Inc., but not against the officers individually. After reviewing the credit application and testimony, the circuit court found the credit application ambiguous, because the reverse side was left blank, making it unclear if the “applicant” was the corporation or the individual officers. The application is reproduced in the appendix. The circuit court, therefore, allowed the Laymans to testify as to their understanding and intentions about the deal over objections based upon the parol evidence rule.

The threshold issue is whether the credit application is ambiguous. If it is not ambiguous, the circuit court erred in allowing Darrell and Denni-Jeanne Layman to testify to their understanding that they would not be personally liable. If the credit application is ambiguous, then the circuit court properly allowed the Laymans to testify.

A contract is ambiguous if it is capable of being understood in more senses than one or is reasonably susceptible of more than one meaning. (Susmano v. Associated Internists of Chicago, Ltd. (1981), 97 Ill. App. 3d 215, 422 N.E.2d 879.) When the terms of a written contract are certain and unambiguous, extrinsic evidence is inadmissible because the instrument itself is the sole determinant of the parties’ intentions. (Zella Wahnon & Associates v. Bassman (1979), 79 Ill. App. 3d 719, 398 N.E.2d 968.) Where a court determines that an ambiguity exists, extrinsic evidence may be introduced by the parties and considered in ascertaining the true meaning of the contract. Pioneer Trust & Savings Bank v. Lucky Stores, Inc. (1980), 91 Ill. App. 3d 573, 414 N.E.2d 1152.

We find the credit application to be unambiguous. (See appendix.) Although the blanks on the reverse side of the application are not filled in, Darrell G. Layman is named on the “principal” line on the front of the contract. Both Darrell and Denni-Jeanne Layman signed their names in their individual capacities on the “applicant” lines. In addition, the paragraph above their signatures reads: “It is further acknowledged and understood that the Applicant has read both sides of this entire application and Agreement, and the terms and conditions on the reverse side, and that he understands the same ***.” As a condition of the contract, paragraph 6, on the reverse side, states that the “applicant agrees that he will be personaHy responsible.”

Here, the circuit court allowed the Laymans to testify that it was not their intent to personally guarantee the credit, and that the salesman did not explain there would be personal liability imposed by the contract. Because the contract is unambiguous, it was error for the circuit court to have allowed this testimony. Thus, the contract itself is the sole determinant of the parties’ intentions. Here, the Lay-mans signed, not in their corporate capacity, but individually. An officer who signs his name, without more, is individually liable on the contract. (See Zella Wahnon & Associates v. Bassman (1979), 79 Ill. App. 3d 719, 398 N.E.2d 968.) The circuit court erred in refusing to enter judgment against the Laymans and is, therefore, reversed. We remand to the circuit court to enter judgment accordingly.

Reversed and remanded.

WELCH and HARRISON, JJ., concur.