Case ID: mich-app_5/html/0554-01.html
Source: Caselaw Access Project
Author: {"author": "Quinn, P. J.", "license": "Public Domain", "url": "https://static.case.law/"}
Date Created: 2024-08-24T03:29:51.129683

TOWNSHIP OF COMMERCE v. RAYBERG.
    1. New Trial — Newly-Discovered Evidence — Materiality—Discretion of Court.
    Denial of motion for now trial by defendant landowner, in suit to enjoin violation of township zoning ordinance, based on newly-diseovered evidence of change of use of adjoining land held, not an abuse of discretion, where change of use was not material to issues framed in pleadings and pretrial summary and there was no motion to amend pleadings to frame an issue in which such change would be material (GCR 1963, 527.1).
    2. Appeal and Error — De Novo Review — Findings of Fact.
    Court of Appeals reviews the reeord ele novo on appeal in action for injunction against violation of township zoning ordinance, but does not disturb facts found by trial court unless a reading of the entire reeord convinces Court of Appeals that it would have reached a different result.
    3. Townships — Zoning—Nonconforming Use — Findings of Fact.
    Court of Appeals is not convinced that trial eourt should have reached another result in finding as a fact that defendant’s nonconforming use of land at time township zoning ordinance was passed was not established closer to road than 600 feet, and that buildings on land 300 feet and 450 feet from road were not part of noneonforming use.
    References for Points in Headnotes
    
       39 Am Jur, New Trial § 164.
    
       58 Am Jur, Zoning § 255; 5 §§ 703, 882. Am Jur 2d, Appeal and Error
    
       5 Am Jur 2d, Appeal and Error ¡§ 703, 882.
    
       58 Am Jur, Zoning §§ 52, 146.
    [5' 58 Am Jur, Zoning §§ 16, 256.
    
       58 Am Jur, Zoning §§ 258, 259; 5 Am Jur 2d, Appeal and Error §§ 703, 882.
    
       20 Am Jur 2d, Costs §§ 11,12.
    
      4. Same — Zoning—Nonconforming Use — Extent.
    A nonconforming use is restricted, in area, to tlie area that was nonconforming at the time the township zoning ordinance was enaeted.
    5. Same — Zoning Ordinance — Burden of Showing Invalidity.
    The legality of a township zoning ordinance is tested by its reasonableness, which must be determined by the facts in eaeh ease, and one attacking an ordinance must overcome the presumption of validity by proving invalidity.
    6. Same — Zoning Ordinance — Nonconforming Use.
    Court of Appeals is unable to say that on the record presented the trial judge was wrong in finding a township zoning ordinance reasonable in a suit brought by a township to enjoin defendant from using his property for nonconforming use, by operation of a junk and wrecking yard, except for that area which was used in nonconforming manner at time ordinance was passed.
    7. Costs — Briefs'—Injunction—Township Zoning Ordinance.
    No eosts are allowed in appeal by defendant from judgment of trial court enjoining nonconforming use of land exeept as to certain area found to be nonconforming at time township zoning ordinance was adopted, where plaintiff township filed no brief.
    Appeal from Oakland; Moore (Arthur E.), J.
    Submitted Division 2 October 6, 1966, at Lansing.
    (Docket No. 317.)
    Decided January 10, 1967.
    Rehearing denied March 6, 1967.
    Bill of complaint by the Township of Commerce, a municipal corporation, against Harold C. Rayberg and Mariam A. Rayberg to enjoin use of lands as junk and wrecking yard. Judgment for plaintiff. Defendants appeal.
    Affirmed.
    
      Joseph C. Cox, for defendants.
   Quinn, P. J.

Plaintiff filed this action to restrain defendants from maintaining and operating a junk and wrecking yard and motor vehicle sales yard on their land on the basis of violation of the zoning ordinance which zones all of defendants’ land residential or agricultural. Defendants contended the ordinance did not apply to their land because it was used as it is presently used prior to the adoption of the ordinance involved. Plaintiff admitted a small part of defendants’ property was used as it is used prior to the ordinance. The trial court found that defendants were entitled to a nonconforming use as to part of their land but granted the requested injunction as to the balance. Defendants moved for a new trial, alleging as one reason therefor changes in land use of adjoining property subsequent to judgment. This motion was denied and defendants appeal from the judgment and denial of new trial.

On appeal, defendants first contend the trial court erred in not granting a new trial on the basis of change of land use of adjoining land. One of the changes of land use relied on occurred in the adjoining township of Novi and has no bearing here. The other involved some expansion of a trailer park adjoining defendants on the east; the trailer park was also a nonconforming use. The grant or denial of a new trial is discretionary. GrCB 1963, 527.1. One ground therefor is “material evidence, newly discovered.” GrCB 1963, 527.1(6). On the issues framed by the pleadings and in the pretrial summary, the new evidence of change of use was not material, and absent a request to amend pleadings to frame an issue on which such evidence would be material, there was no abuse of discretion in denying the motion for new trial.

Secondly, defendants claim the trial court should have classified the buildings on the land as a nonconforming use. The buildings involved are a house that is 250 to 300 feet north of Pontiac Trail and a building behind the house that is about 450 feet north of the same highway. The trial court found no portion of the nonconforming use was ever established nearer than a point 600 feet north of Pontiac Trail; the area excluded from the nonconforming use includes the buildings mentioned above. While we review the record de novo, we do not disturb facts found by the trial court unless a reading of the entire record convinces us we would have reached a different result. Winiecke v. Scheurer (1966), 3 Mich App 178. We are not so convinced by this record.

Thirdly, defendants argue that a nonconforming-use established on a parcel of land is not limited in volume and area to that part of the area used at the time of the enactment of the ordinance. While the foreign authorities cited by defendant seem to support this position, we cannot use them as precedent if there is controlling Michigan law on the point. It is our opinion that Patchak v. Township of Lansing (1960), 361 Mich 489, is controlling-authority and the nonconforming use is restricted to the area that was nonconforming at the time the ordinance was enacted.

Finally, it is defendants’ position that a classification of the ordinance creating a 300-foot strip along the highway as residential is unreasonable and unconstitutional. In support of this position, defendants cite several Michigan cases, all of which are distinguishable from the case at bar in the view of this Court. Bzovi v. City of Livonia (1957), 350 Mich 489, involved an ordinance which prohibited a use plaintiff desired to make of the land. This is not the case before us. Lincolnhol v. Village of Shoreham (1962), 368 Mich 225, involved an ordinance which prohibited plaintiff from building a gasoline station on property practically surrounded by industrial property. The record here indicates that except for defendants’ business and the trailer park, the surrounding territory was residential or agricultural. Roll v. City of Troy (1963), 370 Mich 94, involved a claim by a subdivider that the lot sizes prescribed by the ordinance were unreasonable. This is not our case. Grand Trunk W. R. Co. v. Detroit (1949), 326 Mich 387, involved an ordinance restricting the use of property adjoining the railroad track to sites for 2-1/2 story multiple dwellings. Burrell v. City of Midland (1961), 365 Mich 136, involved a change of classification of land use after plaintiff had purchased the property involved. Here defendants acquired the land after the ordinance was enacted and defendants relied on their predecessor’s use to establish a nonconforming use. In Alderton v. City of Saginaw (1962), 367 Mich 28, the city by ordinance attempted to restrict a 3-block area in an otherwise business area to multiple family residential uses.

Finding no help in the foregoing and applying the principles announced in Patchak, supra, namely: the reasonableness of a zoning ordinance is the test of its legality; each case involving reasonableness must be determined on its own facts; an ordinance is presumed valid and the one who attacks it must prove its invalidity, we are unable to say on this record that the trial judge was wrong in finding this ordinance reasonable.

Affirmed but without costs, plaintiff filed no brief.

McGregor and N. J. Kaufman, JJ., concurred.