Case ID: sw_280/html/0836-01.html
Source: Caselaw Access Project
Author: {"author": "BERRY, J. MORROW, P. J.", "license": "Public Domain", "url": "https://static.case.law/"}
Date Created: 2024-08-24T03:29:51.129683

JACKSON v. STATE.
    (No. 9268.)
    (Court of Criminal Appeals of Texas.
    Oct. 28, 1925.
    Rehearing Denied March 3, 1926.)
    1. Criminal law &wkey;>598(6)— Diligence in procuring absent witness, warranting continuance, not shown on indictment July 18th, transfer for trial September 5th, and subpoena sought October 10th.
    Where defendant was indicted on July 18th and cause transferred to county where tried September 5th, but no subpoena for absent witness was sought until October 10th, though court met on October 6th, diligence in procuring attendance of witness, warranting continuance, was not shown.
    2. Witnesses <&wkey;337(6) — Cross-examination of defendant as to other prosecutions for liquor law violations held, proper, affecting his credibility as witness.
    In prosecution for possessing liquor, cross-examination of defendant showing other prosecutions in. both state and federal courts for violation of liquor laws 'held proper, as affecting his credibility.
    3. Witnesses <&wkey;233.
    Defendant as a witness is subject to same rules as govern other witnesses.
    4. Witnesses <&wkey;345(l)— State on cross-examination may show prior legal accusation of witness affecting his credibility.
    It is always permissible, affecting credibility of witness, for state to show on cross-exam^ ination that he has been legally accused of felony or misdemeanor involving moral turpitude, if not too remote.
    5. Witnesses &wkey;>359 — Where impeachment of witness, only, is object, best evidence rule does not require that judgment of prior conviction be produced.
    Best evidence rule does not require state, seeking only to impeach, not to disqualify witness, to produce judgment of prior conviction.
    6. Criminal law <&wkey;>629 — Admission of testimony of witness not among those whose names were furnished defendant in response to request for confrontation held not error.
    Where appellant charged with possessing liquor testified that negro, whom he described but could not name, had left liquor in his room just before officers’ raid, it was not error to admit testimony of witness produced by state, whom defendant admitted was negro described, though such witness was not among thdse whose names were given to defendant in response to request for confrontation.
    7. Criminal law &wkey;>789(5) — Instruction^as to reasonable doubt, “If you believe othe'rwise, you will acquit,” instead of, “if evidence raises reasonable doubt,” held not objectionable.
    Instruction that if jury believed beyond reasonable doubt that defendant possessed liquor for purpose of sale to find him guilty, and, “If you believe otherwise, you will acquit the defendant,” held not objectionable as not containing, in place of quoted language, the words, “If the evidence raises in your mind a reasonable doubt as to defendant’s guilt, you will acquit him.”
    8. Criminal law c&wkey;808i/2.
    Instruction in exact language of statute, on effect of possession of more than quart of intoxicating liquor, 'held not erroneous.
    Commissioners’ Decision.
    Appeal from District Court, Gregg County; P. O. Beard, Judge.
    Artie Jackson, Sr., was convicted of possessing intoxicating liquor, and he appeals.
    Affirmed.
    H. T. Dyttleton, of- Marshall, for appellant.
    Sam D. Stinson. State’s Atty., of Austin, and Nat Gentry, Jr., Asst. State’s Atty., of Tyler, for the State.
   BERRY, J.

The appellant was convicted in the district court of Gregg county for the offense of possessing liquor, and his punishment assessed at confinement in the penitentiary for a term of two years.

The state’s testimony shows that the appellant and a negro were found in a room at a camp which is described as the appellant’s camp, and that in said room was found whisky in bottles and in a glass jar, and that there was some whisky on the floor when the officers raided the place. It is also in evidence that when the officers raided it a jug containing whisky was turned over and the whisky allowed to run out of it. The officers testified that they recovered about three pints of whisky at the place. The appellant defended on the theory that such whisky as was found there had been bought by him and his associates, who were there fishing, from a negro whose name they claimed they did not know.

The appellant in his first bill of exception complains at the court’s action in overruling Ms first application, for a continuance. We think the diligence used to procure the absent witnesses was entirely insufficient. The application shows that a subpoena was asked for by appellant for said witness on the 10th day of October, 1924, and returned into court on the 14th day of October not served as to the witness Newville on account of said witness being out of the state. The record shows that the appellant was indicted in Harrison county on the 18th day of July, 1924, and that his case was transferred from the district court of Harrison county to the district court of Gregg county on the 5th day of September, 1924. It further shows that the district court of Gregg county met on the 6th day of October, 1924. Under this condition of the record, we think appellant was wholly lacking in diligence in failing to have a subpcena issued for the witness New-ville until the 10th day of' October, 1924. There is nothing in the motion showing, or tending to show, that if appellant had used sufficient diligence to have the witness subpoenaed he would have been temporarily out of the state at the time of this trial. From what has been said, it follows that appellant’s complaints at the court’s action in overruling his first application for a continuance is without merit.

By bill of exceptions No. 2, appellant complains at the court’s action in permitting the state to cross-examine the defendant and show by him that he had been indicted and tried in a liquor case in Marshall, Tex., and to show further that there were two cases pending against him in the federal court for violation of the liquor law, and that there was another case pending against him in the district court of Gregg county charging him with the sale of liquor. The objection to this testimony is that it was prejudicial and improper, and if it was admissible at all the record was the best evidence. These objections were properly overruled. When the appellant takes the stand and testifies as a witness, he is subject to the same rules that govern other witnesses in the case. See section 147, Branch’s P. O. It has been held by this court in an unbroken line of decisions that it is always permissible for the state to show by a witness on cross-examination that he has been indicted or a legal accusation has been made against him for a felony or for a misdemeanor involving moral turpitude, if not too remote. The rule is that this testimony is not admissible for the purpose of showing the appellant’s guilt, but it is admissible as touching his credibility as a witness. It has also been held that the judgment of conviction need not be produced when the only object is to impeach and not to disqualify the witness. See section 167, Branch’s Ann. P. C., for full collation of authorities.

By bill of exceptions No. 3, appellant complains at the court’s action in permitting the state to introduce the testimony of the witness Sol Dukes. The testimony of this witness was to the effect that on the day the appellant’s camp was raided, he was present and had gone there for the purpose of and had bought whisky from the appellant. Appellant’s objection to the introduction of this testimony was to the effect that at the beginning of the trial he had moved the court to require the state to confront him with the witnesses, and said motion was granted, and that the witness Sol Dukes was not among those that the state had given him a list of, and that no subpoena had been issued for said witness at the time the appellant went to trial, and that after the state had introduced what the appellant thought was all of its testimony, and the appellant was practically through with the introduction of his testimony and had permitted his witnesses to leave town and go back to Harrison county, and that court adjourned for recess on the evening of October 20, to meet again the next morning, and that on the following morning the state offered the witness Sol Dukes, and that when the witness was offered by the state, the appellant asked the court to continue or postpone the case, it being appellant’s contention that he was surprised by the presence of the witness Dukes. This contention of appellant cannot be sustained. The facts show that the state introduced testimony showing that the appellant and others were in possession of liquor at the appellant’s camp in Gregg county, and this was the substance of the entire case made by the state on its examination of its witness in chief. The appellant, on the other hand, introduced testimony showing that a mysterious negro, whom the appellant described but could not name, was present, and that he had brought the whisky there but a few moments before the officers raided the place. It seems that after the appellant had offered this testimony and the court recessed for the night of October 20, the officers of Gregg county went in search of the mysterious negro described by the appellant and found him in the person of the witness Sol Dukes. In fact, the appellant admitted on the witness stand in rebuttal that the witness Sol Dukes was in fact the very negro that he had described in his testimony in chief but whose name he could not recall. Under this condition of the record, we tMnk it should not have occasioned any surprise to the appellant to be confronted by this witness. The appellant, and the appellant alone, had made it necessary for the state to introduce this witness, and we cannot say that under the conditions above stated the appellant was in any conditipn to say that he was surprised at the state’s action in producing this witness. We think it even clearer that if he was surprised, it was not such surprise as would entitle him to a postponement of the case.

Appellant’s bill of exception No. 4 complains at a portion of tbe trial court’s charge. Tbe court instructed tbe jury, in substance, that if tbey believed from the evidence beyond a reasonable doubt that tbe appellant possessed the liquor for tbe purpose of sale to find him guilty, and if they believed otherwise to acquit tbe defendant. The defendant excepted to the last portion ,of said charge, wherein the court charged the jury, “If you believe otherwise, you will acquit tbe defendant,” and suggested that these words be substituted therefor, “If the evidence raises in your mind a reasonable doubt as to the defendant’s guilt, you will acquit him.” We think that the court had charged on the question of reasonable doubt in conformity with the law in tbe charge above referred to, and he was not required to repeat the charge on reasonable doubt in connection with every sentence of his charge.

What has been said with reference to the court’s action in refusing to permit the appellant to postpone the case on account of the testimony given by tbe witness Sol Dukes disposes of the similar question raised by appellant in his bill of exceptions No. 5.

By bill of exceptions No. 6, appellant complains at the court’s action in charging the jury on the effect of possession of more than a quart of intoxicating liquor. This charge was in the exact language of the statute, and under the facts of this case we think no error is shown by the bill complaining of tbe court’s action in giving it.

Bill of exceptions No. 7 complains at the alleged misconduct of the prosecuting officers in arguing the case to the jury. We have carefully examined this bill and have reached the conclusion that no reversible error is shown with reference thereto. The bill of exceptions sets out at great length the argument of the county attorney of Gregg county and also the argument of the county attorney of Harrison county made in the case. We fail to find in said bill anything that could be ordinarily denominated a transgression of tbe rules of legitimate debate. As in all other cases, there are probably statements made that should have been left unsaid, but we cannot adopt the rule of saying that an argument shall be made in any particular form. There is nothing in this record to show that any matters were discussed by either of tbe attorneys that were not in evidence in the case, and there is nothing in the argument that indicates that the appellant was in any manner abused, or that any reference was in any manner made to matters prohibited by the statute. This being true, we overrule appellant’s complaint as contained in said bill.

Finding no error in the record, it is our opinion that tbe judgment should be in all things affirmed.

PER OURIAM. The foregoing opinion of the Commission of Appeals has been examined by the judges of the Court of Criminar Appeals and approved by the court.

On Motion for Rehearing.

MORROW, P. J.

Our re-examination of tbe record in the light of the appellant’s motion for rehearing leaves us of the opinion that on the original hearing the proper disposition of the appeal was made.

The motion is overruled. 
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