Case ID: sw_218/html/1043-02.html
Source: Caselaw Access Project
Author: {"author": "MORROW, J. DAVIDSON, P. J. LATTIMORE, J.", "license": "Public Domain", "url": "https://static.case.law/"}
Date Created: 2024-08-24T03:29:51.129683

REVILL v. STATE.
    (No. 5429.)
    (Court of Criminal Appeals of Texas.
    Dec. 10, 1919.
    On Motion for Rehearing, Jan. 14, 1920. On Further Motion for Rehearing, Feb. 18, 1920.)
    1. Indictment and information <&wkey;>32(3)— Indictment must conclude against tiie PEACE AND DIGNITY OF THE STATE.
    Where an indictment failed to conclude with the words “against the peace and dignity of the state” or any equivalent declaration, it was void under Const, art. 5, § 12, declaring that prosecutions shall be carried on in the name of the state of Texas and shall conclude “against the peace and dignity of the state.”
    On Further Motion for Rehearing.
    2. Criminal law <&wkey;627(2) — Refusal of COURT TO DIRECT SERVICE OF INDICTMENT REQUESTED BY ACCUSED IS ERROR.
    Where no copy of the indictment had been served on accused, it appearing that before it was returned he had been arrested and given an appearance bond, held that, where accused demanded service-of a copy of the indictment before trial, the refusal of the court to direct service was reversible error; accused being entitled to service of a copy under Vernon’s Ann. Code Cr. Proc. 1916, art. 553, even though he was at liberty on bond.
    
      S. Criminal law <&wkey;590(l) — Defendant who WAS AT LARGE ON BAIL IS NOT ENTITLED TO TWO DAYS’ DELAY UPON SERVICE OP INDICTMENT.
    Where defendant was at large on bond, field that, while he was entitled to service of indictment on demand( he was not, under Vernon’s Ann. Code Or. Proc. 1916, art. 557, entitled to two days’ delay for preparation for trial upon his demanding service of indictment.
    Appeal from District Court, Upshur County ; W. R. Stephens, Special Judge.
    Henry Revill was convicted of burglary, and he appeals.
    Reversed, and cause remanded.
    C. E. Florence, of Gilmer, for appellant.
    Alvin M. Owsley, Asst. Atty. Gen., for the State.
   MORROW, J.

The appellant is charged by indictment with the offense of burglary. The indictment fails to conclude with the words “against the peace and dignity of the state,” and contains no equivalent declaration. The Constitution (article 5, § 12) contains the following:

“All prosecutions shall be carried on in the name and by the authority of the state of Texas, and shall conclude ‘against the peace and dignity of the state.’ ”

This is an imperative command, and the failure to observe it renders the indictment void. " Bird v. State, 37 Tex. Cr. R. 408, 35 S. W. 382; Harris’ Constitution, p. 430.

The insufficiency of the indictment requires that the judgment be reversed, and the cause ordered dismissed.

On Motion for Rehearing.

The conviction was for burglary. The appellant, before announcing ready for trial, presented to the court a motion in writing stating that he was not under bond when the indictment was returned, had not been served with a certified copy of the indictment, and concluded as follows:

' “Wherefore we respectfully ask the court to postpone this cause for at least two full days, and that the officers be required to serve him a copy of said indictment before he is required to further answer herein.”

It appears from the bill as qualified that the appellant had not been served with a copy of the indictment, and that no copy was delivered to him; that at the time of the indictment he was under bond. The bill of indictment was returned in July, 1918; appellant having previously been arrested and given an appearance bond. After his arrest on July 6, 1918, he was again released upon bail. The cause was continued, and this trial took place at a subsequent term of the court February 8, 1919. The appellant being at large on bail at the time the indictment was filed, the law did not require that he be served with a copy of the indictment. Code of Grim. Procedure, art. 553. He was, however, entitled to a copy of the indictment upon making his request therefor of the clerk. It is manifest from the bill of exceptions that the object sought by the appellant was that the trial be delayed two days, and that the motion was directed to that end upon the mistaken theory that the appellant had been in custody at the time the indictment was filed. He or his counsel could, at any time within office hours during the six months intervening between the time he was indicted and released on bail and the time of his trial, have requested the clerk to deliver a copy of the indictment. His failure to do so renders his present complaint unavailable, particularly in view of the fact that the motion made was manifestly not intended nor at the time construed by the court or counsel as a request for a copy of the indictment, but, as stated, was a demand for delay on the theory that the circumstances were such as to require ■ the service of a certified copy of the indictment. It has been frequently declared that, when the facts are such as to require the service of a certified copy of an indictment, as required by artiales 551 and 552, Code of Crim. Procedure, the accused may by his conduct waive the right (Barrett v. State, 9 Tex. App. 33; Rice v. State, 49 Tex. Cr. R. 574, 94 S. W. 1024; Keener v. State, 51 Tex. Cr. R. 590, 103 S. W. 904); and this principle has been applied to the provision of the statute requiring the clerk on demand to deliver to the accused a copy of the indictment (Scoville v. State, 77 S. W. 792; Encyc. of Pleading and Practice, vol. 10, p. 471; Record v. State, 36 Tex. 521).

On a former hearing the prosecution was ordered dismissed because of a defective indictment. It now appears on a motion for rehearing that the original indictment was not defective, but that it was incorrectly copied in the transcript. This has been remedied, and the reversal and order of dismissal are set aside, the motion for rehearing granted, and the judgment affirmed.

On Further Motion for Rehearing.

DAVIDSON, P. J.

The appeal herein was. dismissed for reasons stated in the opinion dismissing it. Later, upon proper showing, it was reinstated, and the judgment affirmed. It is claimed on this motion for rehearing that the affirmance should not have obtained.

The question at issue was the failure of the court to grant appellant’s request to have a certified copy of the indictment served upon him before going to trial. The facts show that he was arrested at the term of court at which the indictment was returned, July, 1918; that he was tried at the following January term, 1919. When the case was called for trial in January, he filed his request to have a certified copy of the indictment served upon him, and it may be' stated also it was for the purpose of having the two days allowed by the- statute in which to prepare for trial and file such pleadings as he saw proper. There was.no question of the fact that appellant made the request for service of copy of the indictment The case was affirmed upon the theory that at the July term it was continued, and also that appellant was under bond at the time the indictment was returned, fixed by the justice of the peace in an examining trial, and that he was under this bond at the time of the return of fhe indictment in July, 1918. A certificate of the clerk attached to the motion for rehearing manifests the fact that at the July term the case was not called for trial, and there were no orders of any character entered upon the docket. The former opinion will be modified in accordance with the certificate of the clerk.

The case not being called and no orders entered at the July term did not put appellant upon diligence to call for a copy of the indictment. The facts show he was not in custody at the time of the return of the indictment, but, if he was under bond, then the statute (article 551, 0. O. P.) did not require the clerk to issue a certified copy of indictment to be served upon appellant by the sheriff under the terms of article 552, C. O. P. He would, nevertheless, have the right to call for a copy of the indictment under article 1, § 10, of the Constitution, and article 553, C. C. P. He did make the demand and was refused. He was certainly entitled to have this copy in any event, but, if the facts were properly shown that he was under bond at the time of his arrest, then we would hold that he was entitled to have copy of the indictment at the time he called for it,, but not entitled to a postponement of the case. Such we understand to be the weight of authority as shown by the cases. The question here is whether or not it is shown he was under bond. The court, in qualifying the bill of exceptions refusing appellant’s request to have copy of the indictment, states it was not known to himself or to counsel for appellant that the party had been arraigned before the justice of the peace and was under bond ■at the time of the return of the indictment. He certifies this was not shown by the record. This seems, therefore, to be stated by the judge without the introduction of any evidence. There was no evidence introduced upon the question, and the judge making the certificate did not testify. How or where he got his information is not stated. It is also shown by the bill that appellant excepted to the qualification and statement of the trial judge. We are of opinion under the authorities that appellant was entitled to service of the copy as provided in article 551, O. 0. P. If the judge desired to testify or state facts dehors the record, then he should have taken ■ the witness stand as any other witness, or if he was stating facts that come to his knowledge by hearsay in regard to a trial in the examining court, he should have proper evidence before the court that such were the facts. The qualification of the judge must state facts that occur in court and under his cognizance as a judge, or, if it be extraneous and dehors the record, then proper evidence must be shown, and, if he desires to make statement of facts himself, he must take the stand as any other witness in order to verify those facts. He cannot go out and inform himself of facts bearing upon a case and then come into court or use in court the facts thus obtained. They must be in the record. Appellant is entitled to be confronted by the witness against him and the testimony that he is to meet. The judge’s information or statement may or may not be correct. Doubtless it mny have occurred as he stated, but this is not sufficient. This question came in Leonard v. State, 53 Tex. Cr. R. 187, 109 S. W. 149. The opinion was written by Judge Ramsey. This proposition was again reasserted in Graham v. State, 72 Tex. Cr. R. 9, 160 S. W. 714. The doctrine was again reasserted in Bullington v. State, 78 Tex. Cr. R. 187, 180 S. W. 679, and again reaffirmed in Lagow v. State, 81 Tex. Cr. R. 460, at page 462, 197 S. W. 217. So that doctrine seems to be well settled. If it was a properly verified fact that appellant was under bond at the time that he was arrested, then the court did not err. If he was not under bond, then his request should have been granted. The statement of the judge cannot be regarded as proof ,of the fact that appellant was under bond. As before stated, there should have been évidence introduced to meet this request showing that appellant was under bond at the time of his arrest in order to avoid his guaranteed rights under the Constitution and under articles 551 and 552, C. C. P. We are of opinion, as presented on motion for rehearing, that we were in error in affirming the judgment.

The motion for rehearing is granted, the affirmance set aside, and the judgment is reversed, and the cause remanded.

LATTIMORE, J.

(concurring). I agree to the reversal of this 'case, because of the refusal of the trial court to direct service of a copy of the indictment upon the appellant, when requested. I believe this to be imperative, under- the terms of article 553, Vernon’s C. C. P.

I do not believe the court should have delayed the trial for the two days prayed for, because of the fact that appellant was then under bond, and in such case was not entitled to said two days, under the terms of article 557, Vernon’s C. C. P.

MORROW, J., concurs in the view above expressed. 
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