Case ID: sw_244/html/1030-01.html
Source: Caselaw Access Project
Author: {"author": "MORROW, P. J.", "license": "Public Domain", "url": "https://static.case.law/"}
Date Created: 2024-08-24T03:29:51.129683

HENDERSON v. STATE.
    (No. 7001.)
    (Court of Criminal Appeals of Texas.
    Nov. 15, 1922.)
    1. Criminal law &wkey;l 166(9) — 'That defendant himself testified to facts which absent witnesses would have testified to did not render denial of application for continuance harmless. '
    Denial of application for continuance for absence of witnesses was prejudicial though the defendant himself testified to the facts which he expected the absent witnesses to testify to, notwithstanding Code Gr. Proc. 1911, art, 600, authorizing denial of application for continuance, where testimony of absent witness is supplied from other sources, since such a statute does not apply where the only other source from which the testimony may be obtained is the defendant’s own testimony.
    2. Homicide &wkey;>39 — Sudden passion from act done or word spoken at time of homicide not necessary to reduce killing to manslaughter where adequate cause was insulting conduct toward defendant’s female relative.
    Where insulting conduct toward defendant’s female relative was the adequate cause relied on to reduce a homicide to manslaughter, under Pen. Code 1911, arts. 1132-1135, sudden passion arising from some act done or word spoken at the time of the homicide is not necessary.
    Appeal from District Court, Van Zandt County; Joel R. Bond, Judge.
    Joe Henderson was convicted of murder, and he appeals.
    Reversed and remanded.
    Young & Stinchcomb, of Dongview, Johnson, Edwards & Hughes, of Tyler, Wynne & Wynne, of Wills Point, C. L. Hubbard, of Canton, N. M. Crawford, of Grand Saline, and Lacy & Bramlette, of Longview, for appellant
    W. C.'Shoults, of Longview, W. R. Jones, of Brownsville, and R. G. Storey, Asst. Atty. Gen., for the State.
   MORROW, P. J.

Conviction is for murder; punishment fixed at confinement in the penitentiary for a period of 45 years.

The facts, in the main, are the same as set forth in the opinion on the former appeal. See 89 Tex. Cr. R. 21, 229 S. W. 535.

On this trial, appellant testified to the alleged facts concerning the controversy with the deceased over the ownership and possession of some turkeys. These turkeys, according to his testimony, were raised on his premises, but had strayed over to the home of his son, Charley Henderson, where they remained for some six weeks or more. They were missed, and he, with the consent of the wife of the deceased, made an inspection of some turkeys on the premises of the deceased, but was unable to identify any of them as belonging to him. Later he brought 'his daughter-in-law, Mrs. Charley Henderson, to the premises of the deceased that she might inspect the turkeys, and on that occasion his son Raymond Henderson accompanied him. While inspecting the turkeys, Mrs. Henderson identified some of them as belonging to the appellant, and a controversy between her and the deceased ensued, in which the deceased used towards her insulting words and conduct. This, the same day, she communicated to her husband, Charley Henderson. The homicide took place on the first meeting of deceased and Charley Henderson subsequent to this information. The above was appellant’s version of the affair, and on the former trial was supported by the testimony of Mrs. Charley Henderson and Raymond Henderson. At the time of the homicide, it was appellant’s claim and testimony that the deceased drew a pistol and was in the act of shooting Charley Henderson. A pistol was found upon the scene, and it was the state’s theory that it belonged to the appellant. This appellant denied, and Mrs. Joe Henderson would have corroborated his testimony upon this phase of the case.

It was appellant’s testimony that, some days after the transaction relating to the turkeys had transpired, he and his son Charley nenderson, while on the way to the county seat, overtook the deceased, and Charley Henderson got out and accosted the deceased about insulting his wife; that the deceased assumed a hostile attitude, and put his hand in his pocket, apparently in the act of drawing a pistol; that the appellant at the time was sitting in his ear, which had passed the wagon of the deceased, and as he got out of his car the deceased got out of his wagon; that he saw the deceased on the side of the wagon opposite that which Charley Henderson was on at the time, and the deceased had a pistol in his hand, and was in the act of trying to fire it at Charley Henderson when the appellant grabbed it out of his hand and the deceased fell.

In addition to justifiable homicide, the appellant relied upon the mitigating facts to bring the offense within the law of manslaughter. The court recognized that the evidence raised this issue, and submitted the following charge to the jury:

“The law provides that the provocation causing the sudden passion must arise at the time of the killing; however it is your duty in determining the adequacy of the provocation if any, to consider in connection therewith all the facts and circumstances in evidence in that case, and, if you find by reason thereof that the defendant’s mind at the time of the killing was incapable of cool reflection, and that said facts and circumstances were sufficient to produce such state of mind in a person of ordinary temper, then the proof as to the sufficiency of the provocation satisfies the requirement of the law, and so, in this ease, you are instructed that, if you believe from the evidence that Charley Henderson had been informed that the deceased Robert Killings-worth, had used insulting language and conduct toward Monnie Henderson, wife of Charley Henderson, and you further find that at the time or just prior to the shooting the deceased, by some act or words or by acts coupled with words, caused Charley Henderson’s mind or. the mind of the defendant, Joe Henderson, to become inflamed or aroused with passion or resentment, or anger, then, in determining the state of mind of the said Charley Henderson, as well as the state of mind of the defendant Joe Henderson, you may consider the evidence with reference to the dispute or difficulty respecting the turkeys, and what occurred at that time, what was said and don^e by deceased, and what, if anything, the said Charley Henderson had been told occurred, and what deceased had said to the said Monnie Henderson, or his conduct towards her, as may he shown by the evidence; and, considering all the evidence in this case, the circumstances occurring before, as well as those occurring at the time of the shooting, you will determine the state of the mind of the defendant and the state of the mind of the said Charley Henderson, and, if you believe that such facts and circumstances in evidence created in the defendant, Joe I-Ienderson, or in the said Charley Henderson such a state of mind as to render the defendant, Joe Henderson, or the said Charley Henderson incapable of cool reflection, and that such state of mind did actually exist at the time of the commission of the offense, then the same would be deemed in law adequate cause, reducing a voluntary homicide to the grade of manslaughter.”

Special charges were also given upon the issue of manslaughter at the request of the appellant. The defensive theory of manslaughter was inseparably connected with the transaction about the turkeys, and particularly with reference to that part of it in which the deceased had used insulting words or conduct toward the wife of Charley Henderson, and the communication of that fact to the said Charley Henderson, prior to the homicide. All of these facts were raised in the present trial of the case by appellant’s testimony.

In a subsequent application for a continuance, appellant sought delay in order to obtain the testimony of Mrs. Charley Henderson, Raymond Henderson, and Mrs. Joe Henderson, his. wife. Without entering into details it is enough to say that this application was not deficient in any statutory requisite. The witnesses had testified upon the former trial, were under process, and it is shown that their absence was not due to any fault of connivance of the appellant; that from unavoidable causes that they were unable to attend, and that there was probability of securing their attendance by a reasonable delay. Proper complaint was made of the action of the court in overruling the application for a continuance and in refusing to grant a new trial after verdict and brought forward for review. The state contends that, since the appellant testified to the facts which he expected the absent witnesses to reveal, there was no harmful error in refusing the continuance. In other words, the state advances the proposition that the evidence upon which the defensive theory of manslaughter was supported was uncontro-verted, and that the trial court was warranted in denying the continuance and overruling the motion for a new trial, although the testimony of the absent witnesses was material. The cases relied upon by the state as supporting this theory is one in which the facts, which were held uncontroverted, were proved by witnesses other than the accused. Washington v. State, 51 Tex. Cr. R. R. 542, 103 S. W. 879. It is well settled-in fact, it is a statutory requirement — that a subsequent application for a continuance may be denied where the testimony of the absent witness is supplied from other sourcesi particularly if it is uncontroverted. Code of Crim. Proc. art. 609; Cortez v. State, 82 Tex. Cr. R. 143, 198 S. W. 781; Mitchell v. State. 87 Tex. Cr. R. 530, 222 S. W. 983; Steel v. State, 82 Tex. Cr. R. 483, 200 S. W. 381. This rule, however, does not obtain where the “only other source from which the testimony may be obtained” is appellant’s own testimony. The interest of one accused of crime tends to discredit his testimony given in his own behalf, and, where he testifies to important facts, presenting a defense or mitigating the offense of which he is charged, that fact alone will not justify the court in overruling the motion for new trial where it appears that other persons would have given evidence corroborating the appellant, and where due diligence has been used to secure the attendance of the absent witnesses and the probability of securing their testimony by postponement or continuance is made plain. The cases illustrating the application of this rule are numerous. See Beard v. State, 55 Tex. Cr. R. 157, 115 S. W. 592, 131 Am. St. Rep. 806; Asken v. State, 47 Tex, Cr. R. 365, 83 S. W. 706; Koller v. State, 36 Tex. Cr. R. 499, 38 S. W. 44; Casey v. State, 51 Tex. Cr. R. 433, 102 S. W. 725; Phipps v. State, 34 Tex. Cr. R. 560, 31 S. W. 397; Morgan v. State, 54 Tex. Cr. R. 549, 113 S. W. 934; Gilcrease v. State, 33 Tex. Cr. R. 619, 28 S. W. 531; Givens v. State (Tex. Cr. App.) 21 S. W. 44; Mansell v. State (Tex. Cr. App.) 182 S. W. 1138; Taylor v. State, 73 Tex. Cr. R. 192, 164 S. W. 844.

In the instant case, however, we think it is not accurate to say that the appellant’s testimony was not controverted. His cross-examination by the state’s counsel covers many pages in the statement of facts, and by innuendo the interrogations by state’s counsel tended to discredit appellant’s testimony with reference to the conduct of the deceased towards Mrs. Charley Henderson, and to suggest that he, his son, and Mrs. Charley Henderson were aggressive and harsh in the conduct of the interview and the deceased temperate and inoffensive.

On the issue of self-defense, the negro Sargent, whose testimony is adverted to in the opinion on the former appeal (89 Tex. Cr. R. 21, 229 S. W. 541) is in direct contravention of appellant’s defensive theory growing out of the use of a pistol by the deceased. Appellant explained on the trial the presence of the pistol which was found upon the ground, and claimed it was used by the deceased. The testimony of Mrs. Joe Henderson would have corroborated appellant and combatted the state’s position that the pistol was placed there by the appellant.

The charge, which we have quoted, submitting the issue of manslaughter, is justly criticized because it does not give effect to the statutes declaring that “insulting words or conduct of the person killed toward the female relation of the party guilty of the homicide” as adequate cause. Penal Code, art. 1132. Charley Henderson had been informed and believed that the insulting conduct took place. The statute made it adequate cause. Whether insulting language was' adequate cause was not a proper question for the jury to determine. The question was the effect of the information touching insulting conduct upon the mind of Charley Henderson; whether the homicide was upon the first meeting subsequent to the knowledge of the insulting conduct, and whether such conduct was the real cause of the killing. Penal Code, arts. 1133-1135. Under-such state of facts, Charley Henderson’s offense might have been reduced to the grade of manslaughter, although there was no “sudden passion” arising from some “act done or word spoken at the time of the homicide.” On that phase of the case, the theory was that the information received several days before the homicide engendered the passion at that time, and that it continued and operated upon his mind when, on the first meeting of the deceased, he killed him. When insulting conduct to a female relative is the adequate cause relied upon, it is not proper to limit the charge on manslaughter .by telling the jury that the passion must be sudden and must arise from some act or occurrence at the time. On this subject we refer to Stewart v. State, 52 Tex. Cr. R. 283, 106 S. W. 685, and cases therein cited; also Squyres v. State (Tex. Cr. App.) 242 S. W. 1030.

• There were three viewpoints upon which the jury should have been instructed in regard to the law of manslaughter, i. e., if Charley Henderson’s mind was rendered incapable of cool reflection by the insulting conduct, and on the first meeting he killed 1 the deceased in consequence of the Jiassion thereby engendered, the verdict against the . appellant should be no more than manslaughter. This phase should have been submitted in a segregated manner, enabling the jury to thoroughly comprehend it, and differentiate it from the other phases of the cause. If the jury did not believe that by the testimony touching the insulting conduct towards the female relative the mind of. Charley Henderson was rendered incapable of cool reflection, they were still authorized to reduce the offense to manslaughter if they believed that from such- information and from other matters arising at the time of the homicide that sudden passion was produced in the mind of Charley Henderson or that of the appellant such as to render the mind of either of them incapable of cool reflection, and' that under such influence Charley Henderson killed the deceased, the verdict should not be more than manslaughter. It is possible that, in view of the several special charges given at appellant’s request, the faults pointed out in the charge in question were cured, or at least rendered not harmful. In view of another trial, however, we have said this much concerning the charge that was given. We believe, however, that the court should have granted a postponement or continuance, and, on failure to do so, -should have set aside the verdict, for the reason that the absent testimony was of material character, bore upon the vital defensive issues of the case, and the appellant had been diligent in his efforts to secure it, and had prospect of obtaining it by reasonable delay.' .

The judgment is reversed, and the cause remanded. 
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