Case ID: f-appx_153/html/0113-01.html
Source: Caselaw Access Project
Author: {"author": "FISHER, Circuit Judge.", "license": "Public Domain", "url": "https://static.case.law/"}
Date Created: 2024-08-24T03:29:51.129683

UNITED STATES of America, v. Alexis CONCEPCION, Appellant.
    No. 03-2422.
    United States Court of Appeals, Third Circuit.
    Submitted Under Third Circuit LAR 34.1(a) Oct. 27, 2005.
    Decided Oct. 31, 2005.
    
      Kenya S. Mann, Office of United States Attorney, Philadelphia, PA, for Appellee.
    Carlos A. Mártir, Jr., Mártir & Garcia, Philadelphia, PA, for Appellant.
    Before SLOVITER, FISHER and GREENBERG, Circuit Judges.
   OPINION OF THE COURT

FISHER, Circuit Judge.

I.

Appellant Alexis Concepcion challenges the legality of his sentence under United States v. Booker, 543 U.S. 220, 125 S.Ct. 738, 160 L.Ed.2d 621 (2005). Because our decision in United States v. Davis, 407 F.3d 162 (3d Cir.2005), controls this case, we will vacate Appellant’s sentence and remand to the District Court for resentencing.

II.

As we write only for the parties, who are familiar with the underlying facts, we shall set out only those facts necessary to our analysis. On January 6, 2003, Appellant pled guilty to a four-count indictment charging the following crimes: possession with intent to distribute cocaine base, possession of a firearm in furtherance of a drug trafficking crime, possession of a firearm by a convicted felon, and possession of ammunition by a convicted felon.

On January 4, 2005, Appellant’s attorney moved to withdraw from the case, and on January 18, 2005, the attorney filed an Anders brief, see Anders v. California, 386 U.S. 738, 87 S.Ct. 1396, 18 L.Ed.2d 493 (1967), stating that upon review of the case he could identify no non-frivolous grounds for appeal. On March 11, 2005, Appellant was given thirty days to file an informal pro se brief, and on March 24, 2005, Appellant filed an informal brief challenging the legality of his sentence under Booker.

III.

In Davis, this Court decided to remand for resentencing all cases pending on direct review when Booker was decided in which the defendant was sentenced under the mandatory Guidelines regime. Davis, 407 F.3d at 165. We explained that

[bjecause the sentencing calculus was governed by a Guidelines framework erroneously believed to be mandatory, the outcome of each sentencing hearing conducted under this framework was necessarily affected. Although plain error jurisprudence generally places the burden on an appellant to demonstrate specific prejudice flowing from the District Court’s error, in this context — where mandatory sentencing was governed by an erroneous scheme — prejudice can be presumed.

Id.

Appellant was sentenced under the mandatory Guidelines regime, and he did not waive his right to appeal the legality of his sentence. Cf. United States v. Lockett, 406 F.3d 207, 212-14 (3d Cir.2005) (holding that a defendant who executed an appellate waiver as part of his plea agreement is not entitled to resentencing in light of Booker). The District Court advised Appellant of his appellate rights as follows:

I also remind you that when you enter a plea of guilty like you have done here today, the only direct appeal rights you have are from the validity of this proceeding that is going on right now, this entering of the plea, and the legality of the sentence that I impose.

Plea Hearing Tr. at 17, Jan. 6, 2003. Because Appellant’s appeal is not barred under Lockett, we are bound under Davis to remand for resentencing. Accordingly, we will vacate Appellant’s sentence and remand for resentencing in light of Booker. 
      
      . We deem it worthy of note that Booker was argued on October 4, 2004, and the decision was issued on January 12, 2005, a full week before counsel submitted his Anders brief in this case. The decision was reported widely in the news media. Although it is possible that the brief had been completed before January 12, we are still somewhat troubled by counsel’s conclusion that a challenge to the legality of the sentence would be frivolous because ”[t]he district court lacked the authority to impose a lower sentence” than the mandated Guidelines range. (App. Br. at 13.) To be sure, as of January 18, we had not yet decided Davis, and thus had not yet applied Booker to pending appeals in this Circuit. Nonetheless, on January 18, Booker was the law, and Blakely v. Washington, 542 U.S. 296, 124 S.Ct. 2531, 159 L.Ed.2d 403 (2004), had been the law for almost six months, during which time several Courts of Appeals had held its ruling to apply in at least some respects to the Federal Sentencing Guidelines. See, e.g., United States v. Ameline, 376 F.3d 967 (9th Cir.2004); United States v. Booker, 375 F.3d 508 (7th Cir.2004). We have held that in filing an Anders brief, counsel attests that he has "thoroughly scoured the record in search of appealable issues.” United States v. Marvin, 211 F.3d 778, 780 (3d Cir.2000). We think it not outside the range of reasonably competent representation for counsel to have recognized that Booker might well create non-frivolous issues for appeal in this case. We do not expect clairvoyance about future changes in the law, merely timely recognition of those changes that have occurred before a brief is filed.