Case ID: sw_180/html/1077-01.html
Source: Caselaw Access Project
Author: {"author": "PHILLIPS, C. J.", "license": "Public Domain", "url": "https://static.case.law/"}
Date Created: 2024-08-24T03:29:51.129683

BROWDER et al. v. MEMPHIS INDEPENDENT SCHOOL DIST. et al.
    (No. 2783.)
    (Supreme Court of Texas.
    Dec. 22, 1915.)
    1. Courts <&wkey;64 — District Courts — Special Terms — Jurisdiction—Statutes.
    Rev. St. 1911, art. 1720, declares that whenever it may become advisable, in the opinion of a district judge, to hold a special term of the district court, such term may be convened. Article 1723 declares that no new civil cases can be brought to a special term of the district court; while article 1724 declares that •causes submitted at special terms of court shall be governed by the ordinary rules of procedure with relation to summoning juries, appeals, etc. Article 1852 provides for citation to defendants. A suit against an independent school district and others returnable to the next regular term in June was tried at special term held in February. The defendants who requested the holding of the special term appeared and answered. Held that, as a court acquires jurisdiction over a defendant by his voluntary appearance the ■same as it does by service of process, the court at the special term had jurisdiction notwithstanding the cause could not have been tried at such term had it been necessary to issue ordinary process to bring in defendant.
    [Ed. Note. — For other cases, see Courts, Cent. Dig. §§ 218-229; Dec. Dig. &wkey;64.]
    ■2. Appeal and Error <§=1082 — Review op Intermediate Courts — Questions Reviewable.
    In a suit to annul an order of the board of •trustees of a school district for the issuance of 'bonds, assignments of error relating to the action of the trial court in overruling plaintiffs’ motion for continuance and complaining of the .admission of evidence do not present questions ■of substantive law, which on writ of error to the Court of Civil Appeals the Supreme Court lias jurisdiction to determine.
    [Ed. Note. — For other cases, see Appeal and Error, Cent. Dig. §§ 1133-1136, 4270, 4281-•4284, 4289-4292; Dec. Dig. &wkey;1082.]
    Error to Court of Civil Appeals of Seventh Supreme Judicial District.
    Action by John Browder and others against the Memphis Independent School District and •others. A judgment for defendants being affirmed by the Court of Civil Appeals (172 S. W. 152), plaintiffs bring error.
    Affirmed.
    H. D. Spencer and Moss & Leak, all of Memphis, and Ramsey, Black & Ramsey, of Austin, for plaintiffs in error. Presler & Thorne, of Memphis, for defendants in error.
   PHILLIPS, C. J.

The purpose of the suit, instituted by the plaintiffs in error, was to have annulled an order of the trustees of the Memphis independent school district for the ■issuance of bonds in the amount of $40,000 for the benefit of the district, and to obtain a ■cancellation of the bonds. A previous suit had been filed by the same plaintiffs against -the same defendants on January 20, 1914, in which an injunction was applied for to restrain the sale of the bonds. Its trial was entered upon at the regular term of the court, but the plaintiffs took a nonsuit. That term of the court adjourned on January 21, 1914.

This suit was filed on January 23,1914, and was properly returnable to the next regular term, convening on June 1, 1914. The district judge on February 12, 1914, ordered a special term of court to convene February 26, 1914, for the purpose, it appears, of trying this case; the defendants having requested that a special term be ordered for that purpose. The defendants appeared and answered at the special term, and the case was tried at such term, resulting in a judgment for the defendants; a plea to the jurisdiction interposed by the plaintiffs being overruled. The principal question in the case is in respect to the authority of the court to try the case at the special term. The plaintiffs in error contend that it had no such authority.

The articles of the statutes which bear upon the question are as follows:

“Art. 1720. Whenever it may become advisable, in the opinion of a district judge, to hold a special term or terms of the district court in any county in his district, such special term or terms may be held; and such district judge may convene such special term at any time which may be fixed by him. * * * ”
“Art. 1723. No new civil cases can be brought to a special term of the district court.
“Art. 1724. The juries for any special term shall be summoned in accordance with the law* regulating juries at regular terms of court; and at any special term all proceedings may be had in any ease which could be had at any regular term of such court; and all process issued to a previous regular term or to such special term, and all orders, judgments and decrees, and all proceedings had in any ease, criminal or civil, which would be lawful if had at a regular term, shall have the same force and effect; and any proceeding had may be appealed from under the same rules, regulations and limitations as provided for in appeals from regular terms of court.”

A court acquires jurisdiction over a plaintiff by his submission to it of the cause of action which he alleges. A voluntary appearance is as effectual to confer jurisdiction over a defendant as tbe due service of process. The case was cognizable by the district court. The defendants, as already stated, entered their appearance at the special term. The question of the court’s jurisdiction, therefore, does not arise unless the effect of article 1723 is to interdict the trial of a new civil case at a special term of the district court.

Article 1723 prohibits the bringing of a new civil case to a special term; and it is plain that a defendant would not be required to answer at such term. It does not purport to deal with the power of the court to try a new civil case at a special term where its jurisdiction of the defendant is made complete by other means than the service of process. It is apparent that the purpose of the article was to make it clear that such cases should be brought, not to the special term, but to the succeeding regular term, as prescribed by article 1852. But according to its terms it has no further scope than a regulation in respect to the term to which such cases shall be returnable — a different matter from the authority of the court to try such a case at the special term where the defendant submits himself to the jurisdiction. If it had been the intention of the Legislature that under no circumstances should a new civil case be triable at a special term, it must be assumed that it would have expressed that purpose in language much more direct than that employed in this article.

As affecting the court’s jurisdiction, under article 1723, to try the ease at the special term, the question presented is not materially different from that of the authority of the court to try at a regular term a suit filed during such term where the defendant then appears and answers. In such an instance there would be, under article 1852, as clearly a denial of any authority to bring the case to the regular term as there is under article 1723 to bring a new civil case to a special term. Yet, in virtue of the defendant’s appearance, there could be no doubt of the case being triable at that term. Pierson v. Burney, 15 Tex. 272; Lang v. Henke, 22 Tex. Civ. App. 490, 55 S. W. 374.

The purpose of the original act of 1879, of which article 1723 is a part, and the amendatory act of 1905, was to provide for the facilitation of the business of the court, and their provisions should be construed so as to accomplish the purpose of their enactment. It can hardly be supposed that the object of article 1723 was, in part, to prevent the trial, though with the consent of the parties, of any new civil case at a special term. Yet such would be the effect of the article if it be given the construction for which the plaintiffs in error contend. There is nothing in the several articles relating to the subject which confines the cases tria-ble at a special term to only those which were triable at a preceding regular term; and, in the absence of such express provision, they ought not to be so construed.

The provision in article 1724 that all process issued to a previous regular term should have the same force and effect at the special term is of no controlling influence upon the question. It merely makes such process available for the special term. There is no suggestion in the provision that the court at the special term is limited to that process, and, for such reason, only cases triable at a previous regular term may be then tried. The same article provides for the issuance of process to the special term; and even without such provision we think the court would have that power. Under the appearance of the defendants at the special term, there can be no question of the jurisdiction of the court to try the ease at that term.

The assignment of error relating to the action of the trial court in overruling the plaintiffs’ motion for a continuance does not present a question of substantive law, and we therefore have no jurisdiction to review that ruling. For the same reason we are without authority, under the remaining assignment in the petition for writ of error, to review the action of the Court of Civil Appeals upon the assignments of error made in that court concerning the rulings of the trial court on the admission of certain testimony. The admissibility of this testimony cannot be said to constitute a question of substantive law in this case.

The judgments of the district court and the Court of Civil Appeals are affirmed. 
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