Case ID: f2d_846/html/0591-01.html
Source: Caselaw Access Project
Author: {"author": "", "license": "Public Domain", "url": "https://static.case.law/"}
Date Created: 2024-08-24T03:29:51.129683

UNITED STATES of America, Plaintiff-Appellee, v. Dwain KNIGGE, Defendant-Appellant.
    No. 86-5099.
    United States Court of Appeals, Ninth Circuit.
    May 18, 1988.
    
      Before ANDERSON, FERGUSON and NOONAN, Circuit Judges.
   ORDER

The Opinion in the above case is amended as follows:

At 832 F.2d at 1103 in the sixth full paragraph, second sentence reading:

That a conspiracy existed involving Knigge and Brownfield was proved by the statements themselves, United States v. Bourjaily, — U.S. -, 107 S.Ct. 2775, 2782, 97 L.Ed.2d 144 (1987), as well by the other evidence of conspiracy set out below:

is replaced by the following:

The district court may consider the co-conspirator’s statements themselves in determining whether the preliminary fact of a conspiracy has been proven by a preponderance of the evidence. Bourjaily v. United States, — U.S. -, 107 S.Ct. 2775, 2782, 97 L.Ed.2d 144 (1987). Here, a conspiracy involving Knigge and Brownfield was proved by Brownfield’s statements and the following evidence independent of his statements: