Case ID: sw_198/html/0964-01.html
Source: Caselaw Access Project
Author: {"author": "PRENDERGAST, J.", "license": "Public Domain", "url": "https://static.case.law/"}
Date Created: 2024-08-24T03:29:51.129683

WHITE v. STATE.
    (No. 4663.)
    (Court of Criminal Appeals of Texas.
    Nov. 28, 1917.)
    1. Indictment and Information <&wkey;167 — Unnecessary Allegations — Proof.
    Although it was not necessary to allege upon what street accused drove his automobile at an unlawful rate of speed, yet where a certain street was "alleged, it was necessary to prove it was on that particular street.
    2. Witnesses &wkey;372(2) — Cross-Examination.
    Where witness testified that accused drove his automobile at an unlawful rate of speed, the court erred in not allowing accused on cross-examination to show that the witness was paid a sum of money in case of conviction; it always being permissible to prove any material fact which would go to show bias, interest, prejudice or any other mental status of a witness which, fairly construed, might tend to affect his credibility or the weight of his testimony.
    3. Criminal Law <&wkey;419, 420(1) — Hearsay Evidence — Speedometer.
    Testimony as to rate of speed of one alleged to be unlawfully speeding with an automobile is not rendered hearsay by reliance upon a speedometer.
    4. Criminal Law <&wkey;304(12) — Judicial Notice — City Ordinances.
    The courts cannot take judicial notice that any city has any given ordinance.
    6. Criminal Law <®=^719(1), 761(2) — Trial —Instructions—Argument by Counsel.
    In a prosecution under a city ordinance it is necessary to prove the passage of the ordinance, and it was erroneous for the county attorney in his argument, or the court in his instructions, to state that the ordinance had been passed, in the absence of proof.
    Appeal from Hill- County Court; R. T. Burns, Judge.
    Curby Wbite was convicted of unlawful speeding in violation of a city ordinance, and he appeals.
    Reversed and remanded. ■
    J. J. Averitte and Wear & Erazier, all of Hillsboro, for appellant. E. B. Hendricks, Asst. Atty. Gen., for the State.
   PRENDERGAST, J.

Appellant was convicted of unlawfully speeding in the city of Hillsboro under article 815, P. C., and assessed the lowest punishment. The information alleged that appellant on or about March 22, 1916, unlawfully drove and operated an automobile at a greater rate of speed than 15 miles per hour upon. East Elm street,, a public street there situated, the said street not being a race course or speedway, and was in the built-up portion of the city of Hillsboro, and within the corporate" limits thereof.

While it was unnecessary to allege upon what particular street in the corporate limits of Hillsboro appellant so unlawfully ran and operated his automobile, yet as the pleader alleged that it was upon East Elm. street, it was necessary to prove that it was upon this particular street. See authorities collated in 2 Vernon’s Grim. Stats, p. 199, note 2.

Robert Erwin was the state’s main witness, and he testified that appellant ran his machine at an unlawful rate of speed as alleged. The court should have permitted appellant on cross-examination to prove by him, if he could, that he was employed by tbe city council or county attorney to follow automobiles for the purpose of ascertaining whether they were running at an unlawful speed, and for each person that was arrested and convicted and he would swear they were traveling at a greater rate of speed than 15 miles per hour he would be paid, and expected to be paid, a sum o-f money in each case where conviction was obtained. This was a legitimate subject of cross-examination of him. If he had so testified it might have affected his testimony. It is always permissible to prove any material fact which would go to show bias, interest, prejudice, or any other mental status of a witness which, fairly construed, might tend to affect Ms credibility or the weight of his testimony. 1 Branch’s Ann. P. C. § 163. ‘It might be as appellant was assessed tbe lowest punishment in this case and there was no controverting'testimony as to the rate of speed he ran his machine, this error might not be of such material effect as to require a reversal, but the cross-examination of said witness on the point indicated was admissible.

The testimony of said witness Erwin was not hearsay. While the cross-examination of him may have shown that he relied upon the rate of speed indicated by a speedometer, this would not make Ms testimony hearsay. Taking his testimony as a whole it-clearly was not hearsay.

The court erred in charging the jury, among other things, that:

“The city of Hillsboro has, by ordinance, fixed the speed limit by her municipal officers at a rate not greater than 15 miles an hour within the built-up portion of the said city.”

The bill and record show that there was no testimony at all proving, or tending to prove, that the city of Hillsboro had passed any such an ordinance. The courts cannot take judicial notice that any city has any given ordinance. Such ordinances must be proved properly as any other fact. Karchmer v. State, 61 Tex. Cr. R. 221, 134 S. W. 700, and authorities there cited; Wilson v. State, 16 Tex. App. 497; Lawrence v. State, 2 Tex. App. 486; and, of course, under the circumstances it was error for the county attorney in his argument to tell the jury such an ordinance had been passed by the city of Hills-boro.

For the errors above pointed out the judgment is reversed and the cause remanded. 
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