Case ID: misc_40/html/0524-01.html
Source: Caselaw Access Project
Author: {"author": "Gaynor, J.:", "license": "Public Domain", "url": "https://static.case.law/"}
Date Created: 2024-08-24T03:29:51.129683

Alfred Nolan Martin, Plaintiff, v. The Press Publishing Co., Defendant.
    (Supreme Court, Kings Trial Term,
    April, 1903.)
    Libel — Complaint — If plaintiff select and complain on a particular meaning for the words he is hound by it and cannot on the trial fall hack on another meaning — Special damages.
    In libel the plaintiff may always avoid a meaning of which the words complained of are susceptible by confining his complaint to a particular meaning of them, but he is bound by the meaning he-selects and if he fails on it he cannot fall back on the general meaning of the words.
    No special damages are alleged in a complaint unless the items thereof are alleged.
    Motion for a new trial, the complaint having been dismissed for not stating facts sufficient. The action was for libel, the words alleged in the complaint being as follows:
    “SAVANT CANNOT MAKE A LIVING. OLD OXFORD PROFESSOR AND FAMILY IN SAD STRAITS.”
    “That the battle for existence is not won by'brains alone is illustrated by the sad plight of Prof. Alfred Nolan Martin at Richmond Park, Staten Island. A man of extraordinary attainments in classical learning and once a professor in Oxford University, he is now in sad straits because his education hampers him in earning a living. He is living with his young wife and two small children in a house which has not a single door or window inclosed. He is too poor to finish his dwelling and too proud to ask aid. His neighbors say he is starving.
    “ In his life, he is now over fifty — Prof. Martin has been, besides an Oxford professor, a sanitary engineer, a lecturer, a ■social agitator, a school teacher and an author. Seven years .ago, while with the Staten Island Health Department, he married Miss Cooper of Stapleton, a graduate of the New York University Law School. Then he lost his place ”.
    The allegation of publication being followed by the following:
    “thereby meaning and intending to charge this plaintiff with neglect in the support and maintenance of his said wife and children, and thereby meaning and intending to charge this plaintiff with reducing his said wife and his said children to starvation and not procuring for, and giving to them, the necessaries of life; and thereby meaning and intending to charge this plaintiff with conducting and managing his said home at Richmond Hill in the Borough of Richmond, in the City and State of New York in an uncivilized, unnatural and improper manner; and thereby meaning and intending to have it understood and believed that this plaintiff has been guilty of inhuman, unnatural, improper and disgraceful conduct, and thereby injuring and destroying his character and bringing him into disrepute and disgrace.”
    Ira Leo Bamberger for plaintiff.
    Mirabeau L. Towns for defendant.
   Gaynor, J.:

The complaint is not founded on the alleged libelous words in their general meaning (i. e., in all the meanings they are susceptible of), but on particular meanings which are .alleged in the complaint. It is not necessary, therefore, to see whether the words will bear any libelous meaning other than those alleged in the complaint. The plaintiff in an action for libel may always avoid an issue on a meaning of which the words are susceptible by confining the complaint to another meaning- or other meanings only. If, however, he is not content to sue-on the words in their general meaning, but picks out and alleges a particular meaning in his complaint, and complains of that meaning only, he must, under our system of pleading, rest upon" that meaning alone on the trial. If he fails on that meaning, he cannot fall back on the general meaning. The meaning complained of in the complaint is obviously the only meaning the defendant has to plead to and meet at the trial. He is riot called upon, for instance, to plead and prove in justification the-truth of the published words in a particular and meaning not complained of at all (Wuest v. Brooklyn Citizen, 38 Misc. Rep. 1; Westbrook v. New York Sun Assn., 32 id. 37; Smid v. Bernard, 31 id. 35).

The published words in this case are not- susceptible of the-particular meanings alleged in the complaint; and therefore the-complaint does not state a cause of action. They do not charge-the plaintiff “ with neglect in the support and maintenance of his-wife and children ”, or “ with reducing ” them “to starvation- and not procuring for and giving to them the necessaries of life or “ with conducting and managing ” his home “ in an uncivilized, unnatural and improper manner ”, or that he was “guilty of inhuman, unnatural, improper and disgraceful conduct ”, as is-alleged in the complaint. They convey the opposite meaning,' i. e., that instead of neglecting his family, or sinning against them in any way, the plaintiff was loyal to them and did his best for them.

It is now suggested that special damages are alleged in paragraph seventh of the complaint, and that therefore the complaint is sufficient, even though the words be not a libel per se. But, as already pointed out, the complaint alleges and is based exclusively upon meanings which do not exist, and therefore no damage of any kind can be predicated thereon. Moreover, paragraph seventh does not allege any items of special damage, and that is the only way that special damage can be alleged. The particular contracts, sales, employments, customers, etc., lost or prevented have to be specifically alleged, giving names, dates, etc. (Cruikshank v. Bennett, 30 Misc. Rep. 232; Smid v. Bernard, 31 id. 35).

The motion is denied.