Case ID: ark_44/html/0042-01.html
Source: Caselaw Access Project
Author: {"author": "Cockrill, C. J.", "license": "Public Domain", "url": "https://static.case.law/"}
Date Created: 2024-08-24T03:29:51.129683

Newton et al. v. Snyder, Administratrix.
    1. G-ims Causa Mortis : Essentials.
    
    To establish a gift causa mortis, the evidence must show not only that the person in extremis designated with proper distinctness the thing given and the donee, but it must also show that the property was presently to pass, and that the intention was carried into effect by an actual or effective delivery.
    2. Same. Deli-wry.
    
    Delivery to a third person for a donee, is as effective as delivery to the donee; but delivery to an agent as agent for the giver to perform the act or make delivery only after the giver’s death, would amount to nothing,
    APPEAL from Jeferson Circuit Court.
    Hon. J. A. Williams, Circuit Judge.
    
      Martin $ Taylor for appellants.
    The attempted disposition of his property by O. P. Snyder, was at best only testamentary, and possessed none of the elements of a gift causa mortis. If it was testamentary, it was of no validity. A gift causa mortis, to be effectual, must be consummated prior to the death of the donor, subject to be defeated by reclamation or recovery, but must be as effectual as a gift inter vivos. That is, must be accompanied by delivery and change of dominion over the property granted. 18 Md., 559 ; 51 lb., 175; 116 Mass., 566 ; 71 Mo., 195; Schouler’s Personal Prop., 161-5; %1 Pick., mi.
    
    
      McCain Crawford for appellee.
    The facts and circumstances of this case clearly show a gift causa mortis. The delivery to a third party for the wife, is the same as a delivery to the wife. The fact of delivery is clear in this case. The particular words used are immaterial; it is the intention and accompanying circumstances that must be considered. See cases cited in brief of appellant in 107 U. 8., p. 601; Nolen v. Harden, 13 Ark.; 19 N. Y., 17; 38 Am. Rep., Ca.radine v. Cavadme, and cases cited; 53 Wis.,23; Redfield on Wills, vol.3, title, “Gifts Causa Mortis.”
   Cockrill, C. J.

0. P. Snyder died intestate. His widow, the appellee, became administratrix of his estate, and filed an inventory thereof in the Probate Court. The heirs of Snyder and distributees of his estate filed exceptions to the inventory, and charged that it did not include all of the assets. The omission of the property named was admitted by the administratrix, and was claimed by her in her own right. The Probate Court sustained the exceptions, and on appeal to the Circuit Court this judgment was affirmed, excepting as to an item of $953.50 in currency, which the court found had been delivered to the appellee by her deceased husband as a gift mortis causa. The correctness of this finding is the controversy here. The facts are these:

At the time of Snyder’s illness and death his wife was absent from home. Being informed of the near approach of death, he told his attendants that he had $1,600 in bank, $950 under his pillow and in his coat pocket, and several hundred dollars in the hands of different persons; that he desired $200 of this to go to a niece, and $100 to an old servant, and wanted his wife to have the residue of his money. There are three witnesses to the point of his directions as to the disposition of the money. He talked with them severally and collectively about his affairs a short time before his death. To Ur. Brunson he said the money was a part of his estate, and that he expected his wife to get his estate. Brunson called Tannehili into the room, expecting him to draw a will. Snyder told Tannehili that he wanted his wife to have all his property except the money that was to go to his niece and servant; that he wanted his wife to have the money and wanted it put where it would do the most good. He told John M. Clayton where his money was, and said he wanted it to go to his wife. A paroxysm of pain prevented him from finishing his conversation with Clayton, and it was never resumed. After this the money tie quo ac/itur was found and counted, and Snyder was apprised of the fact, but gave no other direction in regard to it. Brunson, who had the money in hand, turned it over to Clayton for safe keeping, as he was a friend of Snyder, and the sheriff of the county. Tannehili drew up a memorandum of Snyder’s wants as to the disposition of his. property, but it was never signed or attested as a will. It is not known whether Snyder knew that the money was turned over to Clayton. He gave no specific direction in regard to it. The witnesses were all of the impression, at the time, that the money would go to Mrs. Snyder. Afterwards, Clayton paid the money to Mrs. Snyder, as administratrix of the estate of her deceased husband, taking a receipt from her in her official capacity.

To establish a gift mortis causa the evidence must be sufficient to show, not only that the person in extremis designated with proper distinctness the thing to be given and the person who is to receive it, but it must establish also that the property was presently to pass, and that the intention was carried into effect by an actual or effective delivery. In this respect there is no difference between gifts inter rivos and causa mortis. Basket v. Hassell, 107 U. S., 602; Coleman v. Parker, 114 Mass., 30.

In the case of Nolen v. Harden, 43 Ark., 307, the question was as to a gift inter sivos, and the court held that if the gift is intended to operate in presentí, and is accompanied by delivery it operates at once; but if there is only an intention to give and no delivery is made, it will be inchoate and incomplete however strong the expression of intention may be. See, too, Hynson v. Terry, 1 Ark., 83.

The proof here shows an earnest desire on the part of the A dying man that Mrs. Snyder should have the benefit of his money, and he doubtless thought that his friends, who heard his wish, would see it executed, not only as to the money then in his room, but that in the bank and elsewhere as well. His directions to them however, in this regard, were testamentary in character, and cannot be effective, because not made and proved as a will. It does not appear that he intended that the property in the fund should presently pass to his wife. Delivery to a third person for a donee is as effective as delivery to the donee, b it delivery to an agent in the character of an agent for the giver, to perform the act or make the delivery only after the giver’s death, would, amount to nothing. (% Bedf. Wills, chapter 1%, secs. 48, 45-) It is evident that Brunson, who gathered the money, and Clayton, who held it, were acting for Snyder, and on the testimony presented here could not have been acting in any other capacity. They thought the testamentary disposition of the money was good, and intended to carry it out. Clayton in the end did right, however, in turning the money over to Mrs. Snyder as administratrix of the estate of Snyder, and not as legatee or donee.

Reversed and remanded for a new trial.