Case ID: ad_2/html/0267-01.html
Source: Caselaw Access Project
Author: {"author": "Barrett, J.:", "license": "Public Domain", "url": "https://static.case.law/"}
Date Created: 2024-08-24T03:29:51.129683

Henry S. Lawrence and Jennie M. Lawrence, as Administrators, etc., of William H. Lawrence, Deceased, Respondents, v. The Niagara Fire Insurance Company, Appellant.
    
      Mre insuramee policy—when an executor of the insured may sue for a loss to both real and personal property occurring after histestatofs death—when an appraisal is unnecessa/ry unless "required"
    
    Where a policy of fire insurance covering real property runs to the legal representatives of the insured, his executor or administrator is, in the event of his. death, the proper person-to bring an action for a loss occurring after his death.
    In such case, the executor may maintain, in his own right, an action for the loss-sustained by the personalty, while in regard to a loss of the real estate he may be regarded as trustee of an express .trust, suing in his own name for the benefit of the heirs of the insured.
    These causes of action may be enforced in a single action, and separate actions, one by the executor relative to the personal, and another by the heirs relative to the real, property, <hre unnecessary.
    A provision in a policy of insurance that “ the loss shall not become payable Until sixty days after the notice, ascertainment, estimate and satisfactory proof of the loss herein required have been received by this company, including an award by appraisers, when an appraisal has been required,” means that where an appraisal has been “required” by either party, the sixty days run from the receipt by the company of the award in connection with the proofs of loss, but that where no appraisal has been “ required ” the sixty days run from the receipt by the company of the proofs of loss, together with any ascertainment or estimate which has been reached'by the parties.
    When, however, no appraisal has been made nor any ascertainment or estimate has been reached by the parties, the sixty days run from the receipt of the proofs of loss.
    Appeal by the defendant, The Niagara Fire Insurance Companyj from a judgment of the Supreme Court in favor of the plaintiffs, entered in the office of the clerk of the county of New York on .the 19th day of March, 1895, upon the verdict of a jury, rendered after a trial at the New York Circuit, with notice of an intention' to bring up for review upon such appeal an order entered in said clerk’s office on the 14th day of March, 1895, denying the defend-' ant’s motion for a new trial made upon the minutes.
    The action is brought to recover upon a policy of .ffre insurance issued to the decedent in his lifetime, for a loss of certain real and personal property covered by such policy, occurring after his death.
    
      JP. G. J. De Angelis, fa,r the appellant.
    
      S. Sanford, for the respondents.
   Barrett, J.:

This action was properly brought by the administrator and administratrix of the deceased. They were his “ legal representatives” within the meaning of the law. The defendant claims that they were only his legal representatives as to the personalty, and that the heirs are his legal representatives as to the real estate.: Upon this it contends that two actions should have been brought, one by the heirs for damage to the real estate and one by the plaintiffs for damage to the personalty. This contention fails to distinguish between the right of action proper and the right to share in the recovery. If the policy had simply named the deceased, and stopped there, the right of action would have passed upon bis death to his executor or administrator. The provision of the policy that wherever the word “ insured ” occurs therein it shall be held to include the legal representative of the insured,” was nothing but a recognition of the ordinaiy rule. So far as the contracting parties were concerned, there was no intention to vary the rule with regard to the vesting of the right of action upon the death of the insured. As between them, the real estate incident was of no especial importance, and it was quite immaterial whether the loss in case of fire should be paid directly to the heirs or to the legal representatives (as ordinarily understood) in the right of the heirs.

The contract as to both real estate and personalty was with William H. Lawrence. The plaintiffs are his successors. As such, the defendant’s contract obligation runs to them directly. They can maintain the action because of this direct contract obligation.' They so maintain it in their own right as to the personalty, in the right of the heirs as to the real estate. (Wyman v. Wyman, 28 N. Y. 256.) They may be regarded, as was said in the latter case, as parties to whom, as trustees of an express trust, the right to sue in their own name is preserved under the Code. Thus the contract right and the insurable interest are interwoven.

What equity may require the plaintiffs to do with the recovery is another question. The heirs can take care of themselves. What the defendant must do is to comply with its contract, namely, pay the loss to the persons to whom its legal obligation thereunder runs.. .

The defendant makes the further point that an appraisal of the damage occasioned by the fire was a condition precedent to the right of the insured to maintain an action to recover for the loss. The policy provided that the loss or damage should be ascertained or ■ estimated according to the actual cash value of the property at the time the loss occurred, and that “said ascertainment or estimate” should be made by the insured and the company or, if they differed, by appraisers. Provision is subsequently made for the selection of appraisers -and an umpire. There is also the" further provision that “ the loss shall not become payable until sixty days after the notice, ascertainment, estimate and satisfactory proof of the .loss herein required have been received by this company, including an award by appraisers when appraisal has been required.” The ascertainment here first referred to is that previously contemplated, namely, the ascertainment or estimate to be made- by the insured and the company. It does not mean the ascertainment resulting from an award of appraisers- where no such appraisal has been required. Where an appraisal has been required and made, the sixty days run from the receipt of the award by the company in connection with the proofs of loss. But where an appraisal has not been required' the sixty days run from .the receipt of the proofs of loss, together with any ascertainment or estimate which may have been arrived at between the insured and the company. If no such ascertainment -or estimate has been arrived at, and no appraisal has been made, then the sixty days run from the receipt of the proofs of loss. The construction placed by the defendant upon the words “when appraisal has been required ” is strained and unnatural. It is contended that it means “ when appraisal has been required by the terms of the policy.” But why say this. if appraisal always is required by the terms of the policy ? The true construction is the obvious one, namely, that it means “ required 'by either party.” That is the ordinary sense of the words and expresses the plain intention of the parties. They clearly so understood it, for we find the agent threatening that unless the plaintiffs should accept $2,700 as a compromise he would exhaust every condition of the policy and insist upon having an appraisal. It is conceded, however, that this threat was not carried out and that the defendant never demanded an appraisal. The defendant’s conduct throughout indicated that no appraisal was desired. The proofs of loss were furnished to it . on the 13th day of September, 1892, in the form prescribed by its agent. Upon the twenty-sixth of the same month this agent informed the administrator that • the proofs of loss were not legally verified. No other: objection was then made. Subsequently, - in answer to the ‘ administrator’s request for information as to the real difficulty, the agent replied that the verification had no “ venire.” Four weeks later he wrote again, stating that his use of the word venire ” was a curious blunder, and that he meant- to use the word. “ venue.” This trifling proceeded without a word of substantial objection to the proofs of loss or request of an appraisal, until finally, at the end of November, the plaintiffs’ counsel demanded immediate payment, and suggested that if the defendant desired to contest the claim, it should name attorneys upon whom papers could be served. Even then no objection was made to the plaintiffs’ proceedings or claim, and the general agent replied that the defendant had no desire for any legal contest.

The claim that the action was prematurely brought is without merit, and the judgment should be affirmed, with costs.

Van Brunt, P. J., Rumsey, O’Brien and Ingraham, JJ., concurred.

Judgment affirmed, with costs.