Case ID: sw_163/html/0723-01.html
Source: Caselaw Access Project
Author: {"author": "PRENDERGAST, P. J.", "license": "Public Domain", "url": "https://static.case.law/"}
Date Created: 2024-08-24T03:29:51.129683

MATTHEWS v. STATE.
    (Court of Criminal Appeals of Texas.
    Feb. 4, 1914.
    Rehearing Denied Feb. 25, 1914.)
    1. Homicide (§ 340) — Appeal — Haemless Eeeoe.
    Where accused was only convicted of manslaughter, he cannot complain on appeal of the submission of the question of first or second degree murder.
    [Ed. Note. — For other cases, see Homicide, Cent. Dig. §§ 715-717, 720; Dec. Dig. § 340.]
    2. Ceiminal Law (§ 1043) — Appeal—Presentation of Objections Below — Instructions.
    A general objection to charges on first and second degree murder, manslaughter, and self-.defense, on the ground that the charge violated accused’s rights, in that the issues were not raised by the evidence, and because the charge was “incomplete, improper, and incorrect as propositions of law, and hurtful to the rights of defendant,” was not sufficiently specific to authorize a review of the charges.
    [Ed. Note. — For other cases, see Criminal Law, Cent. Dig. §§ 2654, 2655; Dee. Dig. § 1043.]
    3. Criminal Law (§ 366) — Evidence—Bes Gestas.
    Evidence by the owner of a drug store, just outside of which the cutting occurred, that decedent immediately after the cutting went into the drug store and stated to witness that accused had cut him, but that he did not know what for, and by another who heard such statements to the druggist, was admissible as res gestae; decedent’s statement having been made about two minutes after the cutting.
    [Ed. Note. — For other cases, see Criminal Law, Cent. Dig. §§ 806, 811, 814, 819, 820; Dec. Dig. § 366.]
    4. Witnesses (§ 78) — Incompetency—Conviction por Felony — Proof.
    Oral proof that a witness has been conviet-ted of a felony and not pardoned, so as to make him incompetent, is competent to prove that fact, in the absence of timely objection, requiring that it be proved by the judgment of conviction.
    [Ed. Note.—For other cases, see Witnesses, Cent. Dig. §§ 195-200; Dec. Dig. § 78.]
    5. Criminal Daw (§ 1168) — Appeal — Reversal.
    Any error in excluding a witness from testifying on the ground that he had been convicted of a felony, and not pardoned, when that fact was not proven by the judgment, was not ground for reversal, where it is admitted that the witness was, in fact, incompetent on that ground, since on a new trial the witness would still be incompetent, and his conviction could be shown by the judgment of conviction.
    [Ed. Note.—For other cases, see Criminal Law, Cent. Dig. §S 3124, 3125, 3129-3136, 3144; Dec. Dig. § 1168.]
    6. Criminal Law (§ 865)—Trial—Deliber-ations oe Jury—Time op Deliberations.
    Under the statute, the length of time required by the jury to consider its verdict before it is discharged is for the court’s discretion, and no abuse of discretion is shown, where the jury were held from 4:30 p. m. on May 21st until 10:30 a. m. on May 23d, when they found a verdict.
    [Ed. Note.—For other cases, see Criminal Law, Cent. Dig. § 2069; Dec. Dig. § 865.]
    Appeal from District Court, Wharton County; Robt. G. Street, Acting Judge.
    Brandy Matthews was convicted of manslaughter, and appeals.
    Affirmed.
    Linn, Conger & Austin, of Bay City, for appellant. C. E. Lane, Asst. Atty. Gen., for the State.
    
      
      For other eases see same topic and section NUMBER in Dec. Dig. & Am. Dig. Key-No. Series & Rep’r Indexes
    
    
      
      For other cases see same topic and section NUMBER in Dec. Dig. & Am. Dig/Key-No. Series & Rep’r Indexes
    
   PRENDERGAST, P. J.

Upon an indictment and trial for murder, appellant was convicted of manslaughter, and his punishment assessed at two years in the penitentiary.

The evidence was insufficient to raise the question of murder in the first degree. The court, in his charge, defined murder in the first degree, but, in his charge on that subject, expressly told the jury that the state did not prosecute for a higher offense than murder in the second degree, and did not prosecute for murder in the first degree; that the definition he had given of murder in the 'first degree was given merely as a necessary introduction to and a part of the definition of murder in the second degree. Appellant, in his motion for a new trial, complains of this charge of the court, claiming that murder in the first degree was not called for, that it was unnecessary to define it in order to correctly define murder in the second degree, and it was error to charge at all on murder in the first degree. This is so well settled against appellant, we merely cite Potts v. State, 56 Tex. Cr. R. 43, 118 S. W. 537, wherein this court said: “Serious complaint is made that the court erred in charging on the law and submitting the issue of murder in the first degree. We do not believe that murder in the first degree was raised by the evidence. Appellant, however, was acquitted of this grade of homicide. It is well settled by such an unbroken line of authorities as require no citation that where on a charge for murder appellant- was acquitted of murder in the first degree, he cannot complain either of the fact that such degree of murder was submitted or of errors in respect thereto. This is the settled law of this state.” This would equally apply in this ease to the submission of murder in the second degree and charge thereon.

In one ground of the motion for new trial, appellant complains “because the court erred in his charge upon manslaughter in that said charge is erroneous, incomplete, does not correctly give the law of manslaughter” ; in another, “because the charge of the court upon self-defense is incomplete and erroneous and does not correctly give the law of self-defense as applied to the case at bar, as is shown by defendant’s bill of exception thereto.” We quote these two grounds in full. In another ground appellant complains that a charge on manslaughter was not called for. The bill of exception on the subject is to this effect: He objected to the charge of the court “wherein he charged the definition of law on murder in the first degree, on murder in the second degree, manslaughter, and self-defense * * *. because it is violative of the rights of defendant and injurious and improper in this: First That the same charges upon issues not raised under the evidence. Second. Because the said charge as to murder in the first degree, as to murder in the second degree, as to manslaughter, and as to self-defense is incomplete, improper, and incorrect as propositions of law, and hurtful to the rights of defendant.” As was said in the Potts Case, supra, quoted above, we say, of these various objections, “it is well settled by such an unbroken line of authorities as to require no citation that where” only such general complaints of the charge are made, that they point out no specific error, and are too general to require any review by this court. “This is the settled law of this state.” Byrd v. State, 151 S. W. 1071, and cases therein cited. Besides this, we have carefully examined the charge of the court, and have found no cause for complaint by appellant.

The uncontradicted evidence shows that appellant stabbed the deceased in a very vital part of the body with a pocketknife, the blade of which was 2½ or 3 inches long, at night, just outside but near the store of Mr. Floyd; that the deceased left the scene of the fight between appellant and himself, and at once, went to Mr. Floyd in his store and called Mr. Floyd’s attention to the wound, stating to him that appellant had cut him, and, when asked what for, he said he did not know. Appellant has several bills of exception to the testimony of Mr. Floyd on this subject. It seems that appellant’s objections were that because what tbe deceased so told Mr. Eloyd was not at the very time appellant stabbed deceased, but that he left the scene and had gone into Mr. Eloyd’s store, claiming that the lapse of time, which could not have been exceeding, as the witness states, about two minutes after the stabbing, was so long that it was not res gestse. Clearly Mr.'Eloyd’s testimony and that of Alphonso Davis that he heard the deceased at the time so tell Mr. Floyd, and the testimony of Mr. Floyd objected to, showing when and where he heard of the stabbing, and where he heard it occurred, was all admissible, and was res gestse, and, without doubt, admissible as such; and none of appellant’s bills on the subject are well taken. See Branch’s Crim. Law, § S39, where he cites a large number of eases.

By other bills and the motion for new trial, appellant complains that ’the court erred in not letting his witness Dick Jones testify. The record shows that the appellant introduced Jones as one of his witnesses. After stating his name and that he knew the appellant and the deceased, the district attorney asked him what he said his name was. He answered: “Dick Jones.” The district attorney asked: “Have you ever been in the penitentiary?” The witness answered : . “Yes, sir.” The district attorney then asked him: “Have you ever been pardoned?” He said: “No, sir.” The district attorney then objected to any testimony by this witness because he was incompetent as a witness. The court sustained the objections and would not permit the witness to testify. It seems that, after this action of the court, the appellant, as mere objections, complains that the questions by the district attorney and answers by the witness were had before »he could make his objections and while he was attempting to do so, and then claimed that the best evidence of the conviction and lack of pardon was the judgment of the court and certificate from the Governor that no pardon had been granted. And that he also claimed that this merely went to the credibility of the witness and did not disqualify him.

The statute (article 788, subd. 3, O. 0. P.) expressly makes any one convicted of a felony in this state, or any other jurisdiction, incompetent to testify at all. It is well settled in this state that the best evidence of a conviction is a copy of the judgment and sentence itself. It is as equally well settled that oral proof of it by the witness himself can be shown and is competent, unless objections are timely made to the oral proof, and the copy of the judgment itself is called for. The bills in this case, taken as a whole, show that this proof was made by the witness himself in this ease before any objections were made. However, they also show that perhaps the proof was made so quickly that appellant did not have time or actually make his objections until after the proof was all in. They do not show that he offered the witness again; nor did he move ■to exclude the said oral proof.

Upon the whole, we are inclined to believe that the court’s action in not letting this witness testify was erroneous, but further that, as the matter is presented, it does not present such error as requires a reversal of this judgment. We think it is unquestionably shown that the said witness had been convicted of a felony and served the sentence therein and had never been pardoned. Appellant does not contest this, but practically concedes it. That being so, the witness could not testify on another trial. He would be just as incompetent on the next as on this trial, and, if the district attorney was not then prepared with the judgment to have introduced and shown his conviction, he certainly could do so upon another trial. We therefore think that this does not present reversible error. Griffith v. State, 62 Tex. Cr. R. 642, 138 S. W. 1016; Carden v. State, 62 Tex. Cr. R. 545, 138 S. W. 598; Jordan v. State, 143 S. W. 624.

The record shows that, after both sides closed their testimony, the court announced in effect that the evidence did not raise self-defense, and he would not charge the jury on that subject. Thereupon appellant requested the court to permit him to withdraw his announcement and to introduce the appellant himself. The court permitted this, and the appellant testified. After the conclusion of appellant’s testimony, a colloquy occurred between the district attorney and appellant’s attorneys about a witness named Gene Wells; the district attorney contended that the witness had been in attendance upon court and that he had talked to him before the trial began, and appellant’s attorneys claimed that the witness had not been present, and that before they announced ready they considered the question of applying for a continuance because of the absence of this witness, but did not do so.

The bill shows several questions and statements by each side—the district attorney and the appellant’s ■ attorneys—and . it then develops that appellant objected to a remark of the district attorney in the hearing of the jury, and asked the court to instruct the jury not to consider it. The court replied: “The court does not consider" it worth while to say anything about it.” We agree with the court; and this bill presents no error and shows no injury whatever to appellant.

Appellant again complains of the action of the court in holding the jury together until they found a verdict. This bill shows that the jury were held by the court in consideration of their verdict from 4:30 p. m. on May 21st till 10:30 a. m. on the 23d, at which latter time they found a verdict. Under our statute and decisions, the length of time that the judge shall require the jury to consider of its verdict before he discharges them is necessarily left to the discretion of the court. The bill in this case does not show that the judge abused his discretion, and no error is shown in that respect.

There being no reversible error shown, the judgment will be affirmed.