Case ID: f-appx_460/html/0056-01.html
Source: Caselaw Access Project
Author: {"author": "", "license": "Public Domain", "url": "https://static.case.law/"}
Date Created: 2024-08-24T03:29:51.129683

Vladimir Gennadiyevich KOLYAGIN, Natalya Yevgeniyenna Kolygina, Gennadity Vladimirovich Kolyagin, Petitioners, v. Eric H. HOLDER, Jr., United States Attorney General, Respondent.
    No. 10-2930-ag.
    United States Court of Appeals, Second Circuit.
    Feb. 22, 2012.
    
      Aglaia Davis, Alexander Lumelsky, Lu-melsky & Mogilevich, LLP, Farmington, Conn., Appearing for Petitioner
    Keith I. McManus, Senior Litigation Counsel, Office of Immigration Litigation; Matt A. Crapo, Trial Attorney, Office of Immigration Litigation; Tony West, Assistant Attorney General, Civil Division, United States Department of Justice, Washington, D.C., Appearing for Respondent.
    Present: ROSEMARY S. POOLER, DEBRA ANN LIVINGSTON, and RAYMOND J. LOHIER, JR., Circuit Judges.
   SUMMARY ORDER

Petitioners Vladimir Gennadiyevich Ko-lyagin, Natalya Yevgeniyenna Kolygina, and Gennadity Vladimirovich Kolyagin petition for review of the June 3, 2010 decision by the BIA denying their second motion to reopen their removal proceedings based on the ineffective assistance of their first attorney, Crescenzo DeLuca. Petitioners argue that the BIA erred in holding that they had not established the requisite due diligence. We assume the parties’ familiarity with the underlying facts, procedural history, and specification of issues for review.

This Court reviews the BIA’s denial of a motion to reopen for abuse of discretion. Ali v. Gonzales, 448 F.3d 515, 517 (2d Cir.2006). Motions to reopen immigration proceedings are disfavored. Id. (quoting INS v. Doherty, 502 U.S. 314, 322-23, 112 S.Ct. 719, 116 L.Ed.2d 823 (1992)). “[A]n alien is required to exercise due diligence both before and after he has or should have discovered ineffective assistance of counsel.” Rashid v. Mukasey, 533 F.3d 127, 132 (2d Cir.2008) (emphasis in original). Analyzing whether á movant has demonstrated the requisite due diligence entails a two-step procedure that inquires, first, “whether and when the ineffective assistance [was], or should have been, discovered by a reasonable person in the situation,” Wang v. Bd. of Immigration Appeals, 508 F.3d 710, 715 (2d Cir.2007) (alteration in original) (internal quotation marks omitted), and, second, whether the movant “has exercised due diligence in the period between discovering the ineffectiveness of [the attorney’s] representation and filing the motion to reopen,” id. An ineffective assistance of counsel claim requires demonstrating that the movant was prejudiced by counsel’s performance. Cekic v. INS, 435 F.3d 167, 171 (2d Cir.2006).

The BIA concluded that “[t]he claims against [petitioners’ first attorney] DeLuca could have been raised by current counsel long ago,” because petitioners’ current counsel had received a copy of the administrative record as early as September 10, 2007, and because the government had filed its appellate brief arguing non-exhaustion on January 21, 2009.

Petitioners admit that, in January 2009, them current counsel received the government’s brief, in which the government argued that Kolyagin’s petition should be dismissed because he had not administratively exhausted the issue of government involvement before the BIA. They argue that, even after the government raised the affirrhative defense, they did not reasonably know that they had been prejudiced until this Court denied their petition for review for failure to exhaust in July 2009, see Kolyagin v. Holder, 329 Fed.Appx. 332, 333 (2d Cir.2009) (summary order), because this Court could have “overlooked] or overrule[d]” the government’s non-exhaustion defense.

This Court, however, may not overlook a failure to exhaust when the government asserts non-exhaustion as an affirmative defense. While the requirement of issue exhaustion is not jurisdictional, it is mandatory. See Zhong v. U.S. Dep’t of Justice, 480 F.3d 104, 107 (2d Cir.2007). Thus, if the government raises failure to exhaust an issue as a defense, “the court must decline to consider that issue, except in those extraordinary situations in which we have held that such issues can be considered even when exhaustion is a jurisdictional matter.” Id. at 107 n. 1 (emphasis added) (citing Marrero Pichardo v. Ashcroft, 374 F.3d 46, 52-53 (2d Cir.2004)). Here, petitioners do not argue that their petition presented an “extraordinary situation” that would have permitted the court to consider the unexhausted issue.

At least from the time at which their current counsel received the government’s brief in January 2009, petitioners reasonably should have known that DeLuca’s failure to brief a dispositive issue to the BIA had prejudiced their case. They offer no adequate explanation for the nine-month delay between their receipt of the government’s brief and them filing of the motion to reopen. Thus, the BIA properly concluded that petitioners had not demonstrated the required “due diligence in the period between discovering the ineffectiveness ... and filing the motion to reopen.” Wang, 508 F.3d at 715; see id. at 716 (concluding that BIA properly considered counsel’s five-month filing delay in denying petitioner’s motion to reopen, where “[yjears ha[d] passed after the normal 90-day time limit to reopen had expired”).

We therefore DENY the petition for review. 
      
      . We note that Kolyagin may now file yet another motion to reopen premised on the ineffectiveness of his current counsel as well as DeLuca. See Wang, 508 F.3d at 716 n. 10 (affirming denial of motion to reopen but recognizing that petitioner “could now file a second motion to reopen premised on the ineffectiveness of his second counsel as well as his first”); Jin Bo Zhao v. INS, 452 F.3d 154, 158 (2d Cir.2006) (declining to hold petitioner responsible for untimeliness of previous motion to reopen where nothing in the record suggested he knew or reasonably should have known that his counsel had missed the deadline).