Case ID: nys_16/html/0721-01.html
Source: Caselaw Access Project
Author: {"author": "Lewis, J.", "license": "Public Domain", "url": "https://static.case.law/"}
Date Created: 2024-08-24T03:29:51.129683

Finton v. Eggleston.
    
      (Supreme Court, General Term, Fifth Department.
    
    October 23, 1891.)
    1. Limitation of Action—When Cause Accrues—Breach of Warranty.
    A cause of action for breach of warranty of land accrues'when it is adjudged that the deed of the land conveyed no title, and not from the date of the deed.
    2. Covenants of Warranty—Action for Breach—Costs of Defending Title.
    A vendee of land who has been evicted by paramount title cannot, in an action for the breach of warranty, recover the costs of defending the title, unless he shows that he duly notified his vendor that an action had been brought to recover the land, and requested the vendor to assume the defense.
    
      S. Witness—Transaction with Decedents.
    On the trial of a claim against the estate of a deceased vendor for breach of warranty of title the vendee cannot testify that he prepared notices that he had been sued for the land, and that he had carried the notices to the house of the vendor, who had since died, and had come away from the house without the notices, as such testimony involves a transaction with a decedent within the inhibition of Code ■Civil Proc. | 829.
    Apppeal from special term, Tates county.
    George W. Finton presented to James W. Eggleston and another, as administrators of Stephen Eggleston, deceased, a claim against the estate arising out of a breach of a covenant of warranty in a deed from decedent to claimant. The claim was referred under the statute. The referee found for the claimant, and from an order of the special term confirming the referee’s report and denying a motion for a new trial on a case and exceptions the executor appeals.
    Reversed.
    Argued before Dwight, P. J., and Macomber and Lewis, JJ.
    
      Alvin J. Hughson, for appellant. William S. Briggs, for respondent.
   Lewis, J.

On the 8th day of February, 1867, Stephen Eggleston, the defendant’s testator, executed and delivered to the plaintiff, Finton, a full covenant deed of three parcels of land in the town of Barrington, Yates county. One of these parcels contained 8 acres, 3 roods, and 31 rods, and is the lot about which this contention arises. After the delivery of the deed the plaintiff entered upon the eight-acre lot and cut and removed therefrom timber. One Samuel Thayer, claiming a life-tenancy in the lot, commenced an action in a justice’s court for damages for cutting and removing the timber. Finton interposed a ¡ilea of title to the premises, and the action was thereupon transferred to the supreme court, was tried, and resulted in a judgment of this court against Finton, adjudicating that Anna Maria Thayer was at the time of her death the owner in fee of the premises; that Samuel Thayer, as tenant by curtesy, was entitled to the possession thereof; and that the deed from Eggleston to Finton of the eight acres of land conveyed no title to Finton. An appeal was taken by Finton to the general term of the' supreme court from said judgment. That court reversed the judgment of the trial court, (37 Hun, 639, mem.,) and thereupon Thayer appealed to the court of appeals. That court reversed the judgment of the general term, and affirmed that of the trial court, (15 N. E. Rep. 615, 108 N. Y. 394,) thus establishing that the plaintiff’s grantor, Eggleston, did not have title to the eight-acre lot, and had no right to convey the same to the plaintiff, and judgment was recovered against the plaintiff for costs, which he paid, and thereupon presented to the defendant as executor, etc., a claim against the estate of Stephen Eggleston for the value of the eight acres of land, and for the costs and expenses of the litigation, paid by him. The claim being disputed by the executor, it was, pursuant to statute, referred. The issues thus made were duly brought to trial before the referee, who subsequently made his report, wherein he found in favor of the plaintiff for the value of the land, including interest, $1,184.40; costs of the action, $358.54; costs and disbursements paid by Finton to his counsel, $356.34; making in all, $1,894.28. The special term, upon motion, confirmed the report, and directed judgment for the plaintiff for the amount thus reported. A motion was thereupon made at special term upon a case and exceptions for a new trial. The motion was denied, and Finton thereupon appealed to this court from the order confirming the report and from the order denying the motion for a new trial, and claims that the statute of limitations has run against the claim of the plaintiff, as more than 20 years expired after the delivery of the deed and before the commencement of the action.

We think the special term correctly held that the cause of action accrued when it was adjudicated that the deed conveyed no title to the premises, and that the statute had not run against the claim. The judgment -was, prima facie evidence that the covenants in the deed to Finton were broken without proof of notice to the testator, Eggleston, of the pendency of action against Finton. Taylor v. Barnes, 69 N. Y. 433. The referee correctly decided that the plaintiff was entitled to recover the value of the land, witli interest. It was incumbent upon the plaintiff, however, if he sought to make the defendant liable for his costs and expenses in his efforts to defend his title, to prove that a timely notice of the commencement and pendency of the action against him was given to his grantor, with a request to him to assume the defense thereof. The appellant contends that the plaintiff failed to make proof of the service of such notice. Evidence was given upon the trial of the admissions of the grantor of notice to him of the pendency of the action of Thayer v. Finton. Without the evidence of Finton as to the service of the notices (which will be considered hereafter) the case was left in great doubt as to when the notice was served, at what stage of the litigation it was given, and also as to the purport of the notice. The plaintiff, George W. Finton, was called as a witness in his own behalf, and was permitted to give evidence that he caused to be prepared duplicate notices of Exhibits 7 and 8, printed in the case. They are formal notices to the deceased of the pendency of the action, and calling upon him to defend the same. That he went with the notices, at the time they bear date, to the residence of Stephen Eggleston, deceased, upon two occasions,-—first, with the duplicates of Exhibit 7, and afterwards with duplicates of Exhibit 8,—and that on neither occasion did he bring away with him the duplicate of the exhibit. This evidence of the plaintiff was objected to by the defendant on the ground that it was not competent evidence, under section 829 of the Code. The objection was overruled, and the defendant duly excepted, and the exhibits were offered and received in evidence. The witness Fred. Crosby testified that he accompanied Finton to the residence of the deceased on the occasion of the service of the last notice —Exhibit 8—in August, 1884, and that Finton delivered to Eggleston a paper, and stated to him that he was going to appeal the suit, and there was a notice for him; that Finton’s counsel had advised him to appeal, and he was going to do so. This witness had no knowledge of the contents of the paper served. The only evidence tending to prove the service of the first paper—Exhibit 7—was that given by the plaintiff. To entitle the plaintiff to recover his costs and disbursements it was incumbent upon him to establish that his grantor had notice of the action brought against him, and that he was requested to defend his title. This notice should have been served in time, so that the grantor could have control of the action if he so desired. A notice served after the action was pending in the court of appeals was undoubtedly too late. Eggleston .was under no obligations to assume the detense of the action if he had not received notice of it till then. The referee, in his twelfth and thirteenth findings of facts, finds that Exhibits 7 and 8 were served upon the deceased at the time they bear date, respectively, and to which findings the defendant duly excepted. Without the testimony of Finton these findings are unsupported by the evidence in the case. The appellant contends that the evidence of Finton, as to the service of the notices, was improperly admitted, and it is quite apparent that he is right in this contention. The action was against the executors of Eggleston. One of the executors, before the trial of the action, died. While Finton did not testify to the actual delivery of the notice to the deceased, he was permitted to testify as to the preparation of the notices, to his taking them to the house of the deceased, to his coming away from the house without having them in his possession, and to the identity of the notices. The purpose and object of this evidence was to establish the service of the notices. This evidence, it must be held, related to a personal transaction or communication with the deceased. Without his evidence the testimony of the witness who accompanied him would be practically ineffectual to establish any material fact. He knew nothing as to the contents of the paper. To hold that the testimony of Finton was competent would be to thwart and render ineffectual the object and purpose of section 829 of the Code. The facts in the case of Gregory v. Fichtner, (Com. Pl. N. Y.) 14 N. Y. Supp. 891, are very similar to the case at bar. The court there held such evidence to be inadmissible. It appears from the opinion of the justice at special term that the question of the competency of this evidence was not raised before him, but it appears from the case that the appellant duly excepted to the admission of the evidence, and can avail himself of the point upon this appeal, notwithstanding his omission to present it at special term. Witherbee v. Board, 70 N. Y. 228; Mackay v. Lewis, 73 N. Y. 382; Fenno v. Hannan, (Sup.) 2 N. Y. Supp. 474. We think that because of the admission of this improper evidence the judgment and order appealed from should be reversed, and a new trial granted before another referee to be appointed, with costs to abide the event of the action. All concur.