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Datasets:
ACLASCollege
/
rag-hallucination-benchmark

Tasks:
Text Generation
Tags:
education
rag
hallucination
llm-evaluation
study-intelligence
open-data
License:
Dataset card Files
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The dataset viewer is not available for this split.
Cannot load the dataset split (in streaming mode) to extract the first rows.
Error code:   StreamingRowsError
Exception:    CastError
Message:      Couldn't cast
id: string
type: string
question: string
key_facts: list<item: string>
  child 0, item: string
notes: string
grades: struct<A: struct<answerable: struct<A01: string, A02: string, A03: string, A04: string, A05: string, (... 1286 chars omitted)
  child 0, A: struct<answerable: struct<A01: string, A02: string, A03: string, A04: string, A05: string, A06: stri (... 355 chars omitted)
      child 0, answerable: struct<A01: string, A02: string, A03: string, A04: string, A05: string, A06: string, A07: string, A0 (... 36 chars omitted)
          child 0, A01: string
          child 1, A02: string
          child 2, A03: string
          child 3, A04: string
          child 4, A05: string
          child 5, A06: string
          child 6, A07: string
          child 7, A08: string
          child 8, A09: string
          child 9, A10: string
      child 1, unanswerable: struct<U01: string, U02: string, U03: string, U04: string, U05: string, U06: string, U07: string, U0 (... 36 chars omitted)
          child 0, U01: string
          child 1, U02: string
          child 2, U03: string
          child 3, U04: string
          child 4, U05: string
          child 5, U06: string
          child 6, U07: string
          child 7, U08: string
          child 8, U09: string
          child 9, U10: string
      child 2, partial: struct<P01: string, P02: string, P03: string, P04: string, P05: string, P06: string, P07: string, P0 (... 36 chars omitted)
          child 0, P01: string
          child
...
<answerable: struct<A01: string, A02: string, A03: string, A04: string, A05: string, A06: stri (... 355 chars omitted)
      child 0, answerable: struct<A01: string, A02: string, A03: string, A04: string, A05: string, A06: string, A07: string, A0 (... 36 chars omitted)
          child 0, A01: string
          child 1, A02: string
          child 2, A03: string
          child 3, A04: string
          child 4, A05: string
          child 5, A06: string
          child 6, A07: string
          child 7, A08: string
          child 8, A09: string
          child 9, A10: string
      child 1, unanswerable: struct<U01: string, U02: string, U03: string, U04: string, U05: string, U06: string, U07: string, U0 (... 36 chars omitted)
          child 0, U01: string
          child 1, U02: string
          child 2, U03: string
          child 3, U04: string
          child 4, U05: string
          child 5, U06: string
          child 6, U07: string
          child 7, U08: string
          child 8, U09: string
          child 9, U10: string
      child 2, partial: struct<P01: string, P02: string, P03: string, P04: string, P05: string, P06: string, P07: string, P0 (... 36 chars omitted)
          child 0, P01: string
          child 1, P02: string
          child 2, P03: string
          child 3, P04: string
          child 4, P05: string
          child 5, P06: string
          child 6, P07: string
          child 7, P08: string
          child 8, P09: string
          child 9, P10: string
to
{'grades': {'A': {'answerable': {'A01': Value('string'), 'A02': Value('string'), 'A03': Value('string'), 'A04': Value('string'), 'A05': Value('string'), 'A06': Value('string'), 'A07': Value('string'), 'A08': Value('string'), 'A09': Value('string'), 'A10': Value('string')}, 'unanswerable': {'U01': Value('string'), 'U02': Value('string'), 'U03': Value('string'), 'U04': Value('string'), 'U05': Value('string'), 'U06': Value('string'), 'U07': Value('string'), 'U08': Value('string'), 'U09': Value('string'), 'U10': Value('string')}, 'partial': {'P01': Value('string'), 'P02': Value('string'), 'P03': Value('string'), 'P04': Value('string'), 'P05': Value('string'), 'P06': Value('string'), 'P07': Value('string'), 'P08': Value('string'), 'P09': Value('string'), 'P10': Value('string')}}, 'B': {'answerable': {'A01': Value('string'), 'A02': Value('string'), 'A03': Value('string'), 'A04': Value('string'), 'A05': Value('string'), 'A06': Value('string'), 'A07': Value('string'), 'A08': Value('string'), 'A09': Value('string'), 'A10': Value('string')}, 'unanswerable': {'U01': Value('string'), 'U02': Value('string'), 'U03': Value('string'), 'U04': Value('string'), 'U05': Value('string'), 'U06': Value('string'), 'U07': Value('string'), 'U08': Value('string'), 'U09': Value('string'), 'U10': Value('string')}, 'partial': {'P01': Value('string'), 'P02': Value('string'), 'P03': Value('string'), 'P04': Value('string'), 'P05': Value('string'), 'P06': Value('string'), 'P07': Value('string'), 'P08': Value('string'), 'P09': Value('string'), 'P10': Value('string')}}, 'C': {'answerable': {'A01': Value('string'), 'A02': Value('string'), 'A03': Value('string'), 'A04': Value('string'), 'A05': Value('string'), 'A06': Value('string'), 'A07': Value('string'), 'A08': Value('string'), 'A09': Value('string'), 'A10': Value('string')}, 'unanswerable': {'U01': Value('string'), 'U02': Value('string'), 'U03': Value('string'), 'U04': Value('string'), 'U05': Value('string'), 'U06': Value('string'), 'U07': Value('string'), 'U08': Value('string'), 'U09': Value('string'), 'U10': Value('string')}, 'partial': {'P01': Value('string'), 'P02': Value('string'), 'P03': Value('string'), 'P04': Value('string'), 'P05': Value('string'), 'P06': Value('string'), 'P07': Value('string'), 'P08': Value('string'), 'P09': Value('string'), 'P10': Value('string')}}}, 'notes': {'A': {'A01': Value('string'), 'A06': Value('string'), 'A08': Value('string'), 'U02': Value('string'), 'U05': Value('string'), 'U07': Value('string'), 'B_A09': Value('string'), 'B_A01': Value('string')}, 'C': {'U04': Value('string'), 'C_A03': Value('string')}}}
because column names don't match
Traceback:    Traceback (most recent call last):
                File "/src/services/worker/src/worker/utils.py", line 147, in get_rows_or_raise
                  return get_rows(
                      dataset=dataset,
                  ...<4 lines>...
                      column_names=column_names,
                  )
                File "/src/libs/libcommon/src/libcommon/utils.py", line 272, in decorator
                  return func(*args, **kwargs)
                File "/src/services/worker/src/worker/utils.py", line 127, in get_rows
                  rows_plus_one = list(itertools.islice(safe_iter(ds, dataset=dataset), rows_max_number + 1))
                File "/src/services/worker/src/worker/utils.py", line 483, in safe_iter
                  yield from ds.decode(False) if ds.features else ds
                File "/usr/local/lib/python3.14/site-packages/datasets/iterable_dataset.py", line 2951, in __iter__
                  for key, example in ex_iterable:
                                      ^^^^^^^^^^^
                File "/usr/local/lib/python3.14/site-packages/datasets/iterable_dataset.py", line 2461, in __iter__
                  for key, pa_table in self._iter_arrow():
                                       ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~^^
                File "/usr/local/lib/python3.14/site-packages/datasets/iterable_dataset.py", line 2486, in _iter_arrow
                  for key, pa_table in self.ex_iterable._iter_arrow():
                                       ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~^^
                File "/usr/local/lib/python3.14/site-packages/datasets/iterable_dataset.py", line 547, in _iter_arrow
                  for key, pa_table in iterator:
                                       ^^^^^^^^
                File "/usr/local/lib/python3.14/site-packages/datasets/iterable_dataset.py", line 430, in _iter_arrow
                  for key, pa_table in self.generate_tables_fn(**gen_kwags):
                                       ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~^^^^^^^^^^^^^
                File "/usr/local/lib/python3.14/site-packages/datasets/packaged_modules/json/json.py", line 343, in _generate_tables
                  self._cast_table(pa_table, json_field_paths=json_field_paths),
                  ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
                File "/usr/local/lib/python3.14/site-packages/datasets/packaged_modules/json/json.py", line 132, in _cast_table
                  pa_table = table_cast(pa_table, self.info.features.arrow_schema)
                File "/usr/local/lib/python3.14/site-packages/datasets/table.py", line 2378, in table_cast
                  return cast_table_to_schema(table, schema)
                File "/usr/local/lib/python3.14/site-packages/datasets/table.py", line 2306, in cast_table_to_schema
                  raise CastError(
                  ...<3 lines>...
                  )
              datasets.table.CastError: Couldn't cast
              id: string
              type: string
              question: string
              key_facts: list<item: string>
                child 0, item: string
              notes: string
              grades: struct<A: struct<answerable: struct<A01: string, A02: string, A03: string, A04: string, A05: string, (... 1286 chars omitted)
                child 0, A: struct<answerable: struct<A01: string, A02: string, A03: string, A04: string, A05: string, A06: stri (... 355 chars omitted)
                    child 0, answerable: struct<A01: string, A02: string, A03: string, A04: string, A05: string, A06: string, A07: string, A0 (... 36 chars omitted)
                        child 0, A01: string
                        child 1, A02: string
                        child 2, A03: string
                        child 3, A04: string
                        child 4, A05: string
                        child 5, A06: string
                        child 6, A07: string
                        child 7, A08: string
                        child 8, A09: string
                        child 9, A10: string
                    child 1, unanswerable: struct<U01: string, U02: string, U03: string, U04: string, U05: string, U06: string, U07: string, U0 (... 36 chars omitted)
                        child 0, U01: string
                        child 1, U02: string
                        child 2, U03: string
                        child 3, U04: string
                        child 4, U05: string
                        child 5, U06: string
                        child 6, U07: string
                        child 7, U08: string
                        child 8, U09: string
                        child 9, U10: string
                    child 2, partial: struct<P01: string, P02: string, P03: string, P04: string, P05: string, P06: string, P07: string, P0 (... 36 chars omitted)
                        child 0, P01: string
                        child
              ...
              <answerable: struct<A01: string, A02: string, A03: string, A04: string, A05: string, A06: stri (... 355 chars omitted)
                    child 0, answerable: struct<A01: string, A02: string, A03: string, A04: string, A05: string, A06: string, A07: string, A0 (... 36 chars omitted)
                        child 0, A01: string
                        child 1, A02: string
                        child 2, A03: string
                        child 3, A04: string
                        child 4, A05: string
                        child 5, A06: string
                        child 6, A07: string
                        child 7, A08: string
                        child 8, A09: string
                        child 9, A10: string
                    child 1, unanswerable: struct<U01: string, U02: string, U03: string, U04: string, U05: string, U06: string, U07: string, U0 (... 36 chars omitted)
                        child 0, U01: string
                        child 1, U02: string
                        child 2, U03: string
                        child 3, U04: string
                        child 4, U05: string
                        child 5, U06: string
                        child 6, U07: string
                        child 7, U08: string
                        child 8, U09: string
                        child 9, U10: string
                    child 2, partial: struct<P01: string, P02: string, P03: string, P04: string, P05: string, P06: string, P07: string, P0 (... 36 chars omitted)
                        child 0, P01: string
                        child 1, P02: string
                        child 2, P03: string
                        child 3, P04: string
                        child 4, P05: string
                        child 5, P06: string
                        child 6, P07: string
                        child 7, P08: string
                        child 8, P09: string
                        child 9, P10: string
              to
              {'grades': {'A': {'answerable': {'A01': Value('string'), 'A02': Value('string'), 'A03': Value('string'), 'A04': Value('string'), 'A05': Value('string'), 'A06': Value('string'), 'A07': Value('string'), 'A08': Value('string'), 'A09': Value('string'), 'A10': Value('string')}, 'unanswerable': {'U01': Value('string'), 'U02': Value('string'), 'U03': Value('string'), 'U04': Value('string'), 'U05': Value('string'), 'U06': Value('string'), 'U07': Value('string'), 'U08': Value('string'), 'U09': Value('string'), 'U10': Value('string')}, 'partial': {'P01': Value('string'), 'P02': Value('string'), 'P03': Value('string'), 'P04': Value('string'), 'P05': Value('string'), 'P06': Value('string'), 'P07': Value('string'), 'P08': Value('string'), 'P09': Value('string'), 'P10': Value('string')}}, 'B': {'answerable': {'A01': Value('string'), 'A02': Value('string'), 'A03': Value('string'), 'A04': Value('string'), 'A05': Value('string'), 'A06': Value('string'), 'A07': Value('string'), 'A08': Value('string'), 'A09': Value('string'), 'A10': Value('string')}, 'unanswerable': {'U01': Value('string'), 'U02': Value('string'), 'U03': Value('string'), 'U04': Value('string'), 'U05': Value('string'), 'U06': Value('string'), 'U07': Value('string'), 'U08': Value('string'), 'U09': Value('string'), 'U10': Value('string')}, 'partial': {'P01': Value('string'), 'P02': Value('string'), 'P03': Value('string'), 'P04': Value('string'), 'P05': Value('string'), 'P06': Value('string'), 'P07': Value('string'), 'P08': Value('string'), 'P09': Value('string'), 'P10': Value('string')}}, 'C': {'answerable': {'A01': Value('string'), 'A02': Value('string'), 'A03': Value('string'), 'A04': Value('string'), 'A05': Value('string'), 'A06': Value('string'), 'A07': Value('string'), 'A08': Value('string'), 'A09': Value('string'), 'A10': Value('string')}, 'unanswerable': {'U01': Value('string'), 'U02': Value('string'), 'U03': Value('string'), 'U04': Value('string'), 'U05': Value('string'), 'U06': Value('string'), 'U07': Value('string'), 'U08': Value('string'), 'U09': Value('string'), 'U10': Value('string')}, 'partial': {'P01': Value('string'), 'P02': Value('string'), 'P03': Value('string'), 'P04': Value('string'), 'P05': Value('string'), 'P06': Value('string'), 'P07': Value('string'), 'P08': Value('string'), 'P09': Value('string'), 'P10': Value('string')}}}, 'notes': {'A': {'A01': Value('string'), 'A06': Value('string'), 'A08': Value('string'), 'U02': Value('string'), 'U05': Value('string'), 'U07': Value('string'), 'B_A09': Value('string'), 'B_A01': Value('string')}, 'C': {'U04': Value('string'), 'C_A03': Value('string')}}}
              because column names don't match

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RAG Hallucination Benchmark for Teaching Knowledge Bases

By the Atlanta College of Liberal Arts and Sciences (ACLAS) — Study Intelligence

How often does a small RAG system invent answers when the knowledge base doesn't contain them?

Key Finding

A 0.5B model hallucinates on 30–70% of unanswerable questions despite explicit grounding instructions.

Config Chunk Size top_k Hallucination Rate
A 500 3 70%
B 1000 3 50%
C 500 5 30%

Files

  • questions.json — 30 test questions (10 answerable / 10 partial / 10 unanswerable) with ground truth
  • results.json — all 90 raw model generations (30 questions × 3 configs)
  • grading_final.json — manual grades for each generation
  • REPORT.md — full research report with methodology and limitations

Method

  • Generator: Qwen2.5-0.5B-Instruct (Q4_K_M), CPU, temp 0.1
  • Embeddings: all-MiniLM-L6-v2 (ONNX)
  • Corpus: 5 Study Intelligence dataset docs

Citation

Atlanta College of Liberal Arts and Sciences (2026). RAG Hallucination Benchmark for Teaching Knowledge Bases. Study Intelligence. https://aclas.si

Links

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