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1
GPTBot
OpenAI
AI training
Crawls public pages that may be used to train OpenAI's generative AI foundation models.
Yes
Yes
Future content is not used for OpenAI model training. Does not remove the site from ChatGPT search.
https://developers.openai.com/docs/gptbot
https://openai.com/gptbot.json
2026-10-20
2
OAI-SearchBot
OpenAI
AI search index
Finds and surfaces websites in ChatGPT search features.
Yes
No
The site may stop appearing as a cited source in ChatGPT search answers (it can still show as a navigational link).
https://developers.openai.com/docs/gptbot
https://openai.com/searchbot.json
2026-10-20
3
ChatGPT-User
OpenAI
User-triggered fetch
Visits a page when a ChatGPT user or Custom GPT action asks for it. Not used for automatic crawling.
Not always (user-initiated, robots.txt may not apply)
No
Rules may not be applied because the visit is requested by a user.
https://developers.openai.com/docs/gptbot
https://openai.com/chatgpt-user.json
2026-10-20
4
ClaudeBot
Anthropic
AI training
Collects public web content that may be used to train Anthropic's generative AI models.
Yes
Yes
Future content is excluded from Anthropic training datasets.
https://support.claude.com/en/articles/8896518-what-is-claude-bot
https://claude.com/crawling/bots.json
2026-10-20
5
Claude-SearchBot
Anthropic
AI search index
Crawls to improve the relevance and accuracy of search results for Claude users.
Yes
Not stated
May reduce the site's visibility in Claude search results.
https://support.claude.com/en/articles/8896518-what-is-claude-bot
https://claude.com/crawling/bots.json
2026-10-20
6
Claude-User
Anthropic
User-triggered fetch
Fetches a page when a Claude user asks a question that needs web content.
Yes
Not stated
Claude cannot fetch the site for user questions, which may reduce visibility in user-directed answers.
https://support.claude.com/en/articles/8896518-what-is-claude-bot
https://claude.com/crawling/bots.json
2026-10-20
7
PerplexityBot
Perplexity
AI search index
Surfaces and links websites in Perplexity search results. Not used to crawl content for AI foundation models.
Yes
No
The site may stop appearing as a source in Perplexity answers.
https://docs.perplexity.ai/docs/resources/perplexity-crawlers.md
https://www.perplexity.com/perplexitybot.json
2026-10-20
8
Perplexity-User
Perplexity
User-triggered fetch
Visits a page when a Perplexity user asks a question, to answer it and link to the page.
Generally no (user-initiated)
No
Generally ignored because the fetch is requested by a user.
https://docs.perplexity.ai/docs/resources/perplexity-crawlers.md
https://www.perplexity.com/perplexity-user.json
2026-10-20
9
Googlebot
Google
Search engine crawler
Google Search crawler (smartphone and desktop). Rules apply to Google Search and its features, Discover, Images, Video and News.
Yes
No (Gemini use is controlled by Google-Extended)
The site drops out of Google Search and its search features. Almost never what a business wants.
https://developers.google.com/crawling/docs/crawlers-fetchers/google-common-crawlers
null
2026-10-20
10
Google-Extended
Google
Control token (no crawler)
robots.txt token that controls whether content Google crawls may be used to train future Gemini models and for grounding in Gemini Apps and Vertex AI.
Yes (control token only)
Yes
Content is not used for Gemini training or grounding. Does not affect inclusion or ranking in Google Search.
https://developers.google.com/crawling/docs/crawlers-fetchers/google-common-crawlers
null
2026-10-20
11
GoogleOther
Google
Generic crawler
Generic Google crawler used by product teams for fetches such as one-off internal research. Not tied to a specific product.
Yes
Not stated
No effect on Google Search or any specific product.
https://developers.google.com/crawling/docs/crawlers-fetchers/google-common-crawlers
null
2026-10-20
12
Google-CloudVertexBot
Google
Site-owner requested fetch
Fetches pages that site owners request when building Vertex AI Agents.
Yes
Not stated
No effect on Google Search. Only matters if you build Vertex AI Agents on your own site.
https://developers.google.com/crawling/docs/crawlers-fetchers/google-common-crawlers
null
2026-10-20
13
Applebot
Apple
Search engine crawler
Apple's crawler for search in Spotlight, Siri and Safari. Data may also help train Apple foundation models unless Applebot-Extended is disallowed.
Yes
May be (opt out with Applebot-Extended)
The site drops out of Siri, Spotlight and Safari suggestions.
https://support.apple.com/en-us/119829
null
2026-10-20
14
Applebot-Extended
Apple
Control token (no crawler)
Secondary token that controls whether data collected by Applebot is used to train Apple's generative foundation models. Does not crawl pages itself.
Yes (control token only)
Yes
Content is not used for Apple model training. Does not affect Apple search inclusion or ranking.
https://support.apple.com/en-us/119829
null
2026-10-20
15
meta-externalagent
Meta
AI training
Crawls the web to train foundation AI models or improve products by indexing content directly.
Yes (implied by Meta's robots.txt guidance)
Yes
Future content is not crawled for Meta AI training.
https://developers.facebook.com/docs/sharing/webmasters/web-crawlers
null
2026-10-20
16
meta-webindexer
Meta
AI search index
Analyses web content to improve Meta AI search results and to cite and link sources in Meta AI answers.
Yes (controlled via robots.txt)
Not stated
The site may not be cited in Meta AI answers.
https://developers.facebook.com/docs/sharing/webmasters/web-crawlers
null
2026-10-20
17
meta-externalfetcher
Meta
User-triggered fetch
Fetches individual links at a user's request to support agentic AI features.
Not always (may bypass robots.txt for user requests)
Not stated
Rules may be bypassed because the fetch is user-requested.
https://developers.facebook.com/docs/sharing/webmasters/web-crawlers
null
2026-10-20
18
facebookexternalhit
Meta
Link preview
Fetches the title, description and thumbnail when a link is shared on Facebook, Instagram, Messenger or WhatsApp.
Generally yes (may bypass for security checks)
No
Shared links lose their preview card. Usually a mistake to block.
https://developers.facebook.com/docs/sharing/webmasters/web-crawlers
null
2026-10-20
19
CCBot
Common Crawl
Open web archive
Non-profit crawler that publishes a free copy of the web for research and analysis. The public dataset is widely reused by third parties, including for AI training.
Yes (also honours Crawl-delay)
Indirect (public dataset reused by others)
Future pages are left out of the Common Crawl archive.
https://commoncrawl.org/faq
null
2026-10-20
20
Amazonbot
Amazon
AI training and products
Improves Amazon products and services; may be used to train Amazon AI models.
Yes
May be
Content is not crawled for Amazon products or AI training.
https://developer.amazon.com/amazonbot
null
2026-10-20
21
Amzn-SearchBot
Amazon
AI search index
Improves search experiences in Amazon products such as Alexa. Not used for generative AI training.
Yes
No
The site may not appear in Alexa and other Amazon search experiences.
https://developer.amazon.com/amazonbot
null
2026-10-20
22
Amzn-User
Amazon
User-triggered fetch
Fetches live web information to answer user requests, such as Alexa queries.
Not always (user-initiated)
No
Some rules may not be followed because requests are user-initiated.
https://developer.amazon.com/amazonbot
null
2026-10-20
23
DuckAssistBot
DuckDuckGo
AI search answers
Crawls pages in real time to source DuckAssist answers, which cite their sources.
Yes (about 72 hours to take effect)
No
The site stops being used as a source for DuckAssist answers.
https://duckduckgo.com/duckduckgo-help-pages/results/duckassistbot
null
2026-10-20
24
MistralAI-User
Mistral AI
User-triggered fetch
Visits pages when a user asks Mistral's assistant a question and links the source.
Yes
No
The assistant cannot fetch the site for user questions.
https://docs.mistral.ai/robots
null
2026-10-20
25
MistralAI-Index
Mistral AI
AI search index
Crawls to index pages for Mistral's search features.
Not stated
No
The site may not appear in Mistral search results.
https://docs.mistral.ai/robots
null
2026-10-20
26
MistralAI-Training
Mistral AI
AI training
Builds datasets for training Mistral generative AI models.
Yes
Yes
Future content is not used for Mistral model training.
https://docs.mistral.ai/robots
null
2026-10-20
27
Bingbot
Microsoft
Search engine crawler
Bing search crawler. Microsoft Copilot answers draw on the Bing index; Bing documents NOCACHE and NOARCHIVE meta tags to limit use in chat answers.
Yes
Not stated
The site drops out of Bing search, which also feeds Copilot answers.
https://blogs.bing.com/webmaster/september-2023/Announcing-new-options-for-webmasters-to-control-usage-of-their-content-in-Bing-Chat
null
2026-10-20

AI Crawler User Agents and robots.txt Tokens

A reference list of 27 AI and search crawlers (GPTBot, OAI-SearchBot, ChatGPT-User, ClaudeBot, Claude-SearchBot, PerplexityBot, Google-Extended, Applebot-Extended, meta-externalagent, CCBot, Amazonbot, DuckAssistBot, MistralAI crawlers, Bingbot and more) with the exact robots.txt token, who runs it, what it is for, whether it follows robots.txt, whether the data is used for AI training and what happens if you block it. Every row links to the operator's own documentation.

The key idea: AI crawlers are not one thing. Training crawlers, AI search crawlers and user-triggered fetchers do different jobs. Blocking a training crawler (for example GPTBot) does not remove a site from that company's AI search, while blocking a search crawler (for example OAI-SearchBot or PerplexityBot) can stop a site from being cited in AI answers.

Curated by 313 Automations, an AI automation, web and SEO/GEO agency in Lahore, Pakistan (founded 2018).

Check your own robots.txt against this list with the free AI Crawler robots.txt Checker Space.

Columns

Column Description
id Row number
robots_token The name to use in a robots.txt User-agent: line
operator Company or organisation that runs the crawler
category AI training, AI search index, User-triggered fetch, Search engine crawler, Control token (no crawler), Link preview, and others
purpose What the crawler does, summarised from the operator's documentation
respects_robots_txt Whether the operator says it follows robots.txt
used_for_ai_training Yes, No, May be, Indirect or Not stated, per the operator's documentation
effect_if_disallowed Practical effect of blocking it in robots.txt
docs_url Operator documentation used as the source
ip_list_url Published IP range list, where the operator provides one
last_verified Date the row was checked against the source

Intended use

  • Writing a robots.txt policy that keeps AI search visibility while opting out of model training
  • Auditing websites for GEO (generative engine optimization) and AI search readiness
  • Bot detection, log analysis and allow lists

Limitations

  • Crawler names, purposes and policies change. Rows were checked against operator documentation on the last_verified date; confirm with the linked source before relying on a row.
  • "Not stated" means the operator's documentation did not say. It is not a claim either way.
  • User-triggered fetchers (ChatGPT-User, Perplexity-User, Amzn-User, meta-externalfetcher) may not follow robots.txt because a person requested the page.
  • User agent strings can be spoofed. Verify important traffic with the operator's IP lists or reverse DNS.
  • Crawlers without public operator documentation are not included.

Related

Citation

313 Automations (2026). AI Crawler User Agents and robots.txt Tokens. Hugging Face. https://huggingface.co/datasets/313Automations/ai-crawler-user-agents
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