id int64 1 27 | robots_token stringlengths 5 21 | operator stringlengths 4 12 | category stringlengths 11 26 | purpose stringlengths 52 164 | respects_robots_txt stringlengths 3 53 | used_for_ai_training stringclasses 7
values | effect_if_disallowed stringlengths 45 115 | docs_url stringlengths 27 132 | ip_list_url stringclasses 6
values | last_verified stringdate 2026-10-20 00:00:00 2026-10-20 00:00:00 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1 | GPTBot | OpenAI | AI training | Crawls public pages that may be used to train OpenAI's generative AI foundation models. | Yes | Yes | Future content is not used for OpenAI model training. Does not remove the site from ChatGPT search. | https://developers.openai.com/docs/gptbot | https://openai.com/gptbot.json | 2026-10-20 |
2 | OAI-SearchBot | OpenAI | AI search index | Finds and surfaces websites in ChatGPT search features. | Yes | No | The site may stop appearing as a cited source in ChatGPT search answers (it can still show as a navigational link). | https://developers.openai.com/docs/gptbot | https://openai.com/searchbot.json | 2026-10-20 |
3 | ChatGPT-User | OpenAI | User-triggered fetch | Visits a page when a ChatGPT user or Custom GPT action asks for it. Not used for automatic crawling. | Not always (user-initiated, robots.txt may not apply) | No | Rules may not be applied because the visit is requested by a user. | https://developers.openai.com/docs/gptbot | https://openai.com/chatgpt-user.json | 2026-10-20 |
4 | ClaudeBot | Anthropic | AI training | Collects public web content that may be used to train Anthropic's generative AI models. | Yes | Yes | Future content is excluded from Anthropic training datasets. | https://support.claude.com/en/articles/8896518-what-is-claude-bot | https://claude.com/crawling/bots.json | 2026-10-20 |
5 | Claude-SearchBot | Anthropic | AI search index | Crawls to improve the relevance and accuracy of search results for Claude users. | Yes | Not stated | May reduce the site's visibility in Claude search results. | https://support.claude.com/en/articles/8896518-what-is-claude-bot | https://claude.com/crawling/bots.json | 2026-10-20 |
6 | Claude-User | Anthropic | User-triggered fetch | Fetches a page when a Claude user asks a question that needs web content. | Yes | Not stated | Claude cannot fetch the site for user questions, which may reduce visibility in user-directed answers. | https://support.claude.com/en/articles/8896518-what-is-claude-bot | https://claude.com/crawling/bots.json | 2026-10-20 |
7 | PerplexityBot | Perplexity | AI search index | Surfaces and links websites in Perplexity search results. Not used to crawl content for AI foundation models. | Yes | No | The site may stop appearing as a source in Perplexity answers. | https://docs.perplexity.ai/docs/resources/perplexity-crawlers.md | https://www.perplexity.com/perplexitybot.json | 2026-10-20 |
8 | Perplexity-User | Perplexity | User-triggered fetch | Visits a page when a Perplexity user asks a question, to answer it and link to the page. | Generally no (user-initiated) | No | Generally ignored because the fetch is requested by a user. | https://docs.perplexity.ai/docs/resources/perplexity-crawlers.md | https://www.perplexity.com/perplexity-user.json | 2026-10-20 |
9 | Googlebot | Google | Search engine crawler | Google Search crawler (smartphone and desktop). Rules apply to Google Search and its features, Discover, Images, Video and News. | Yes | No (Gemini use is controlled by Google-Extended) | The site drops out of Google Search and its search features. Almost never what a business wants. | https://developers.google.com/crawling/docs/crawlers-fetchers/google-common-crawlers | null | 2026-10-20 |
10 | Google-Extended | Google | Control token (no crawler) | robots.txt token that controls whether content Google crawls may be used to train future Gemini models and for grounding in Gemini Apps and Vertex AI. | Yes (control token only) | Yes | Content is not used for Gemini training or grounding. Does not affect inclusion or ranking in Google Search. | https://developers.google.com/crawling/docs/crawlers-fetchers/google-common-crawlers | null | 2026-10-20 |
11 | GoogleOther | Google | Generic crawler | Generic Google crawler used by product teams for fetches such as one-off internal research. Not tied to a specific product. | Yes | Not stated | No effect on Google Search or any specific product. | https://developers.google.com/crawling/docs/crawlers-fetchers/google-common-crawlers | null | 2026-10-20 |
12 | Google-CloudVertexBot | Google | Site-owner requested fetch | Fetches pages that site owners request when building Vertex AI Agents. | Yes | Not stated | No effect on Google Search. Only matters if you build Vertex AI Agents on your own site. | https://developers.google.com/crawling/docs/crawlers-fetchers/google-common-crawlers | null | 2026-10-20 |
13 | Applebot | Apple | Search engine crawler | Apple's crawler for search in Spotlight, Siri and Safari. Data may also help train Apple foundation models unless Applebot-Extended is disallowed. | Yes | May be (opt out with Applebot-Extended) | The site drops out of Siri, Spotlight and Safari suggestions. | https://support.apple.com/en-us/119829 | null | 2026-10-20 |
14 | Applebot-Extended | Apple | Control token (no crawler) | Secondary token that controls whether data collected by Applebot is used to train Apple's generative foundation models. Does not crawl pages itself. | Yes (control token only) | Yes | Content is not used for Apple model training. Does not affect Apple search inclusion or ranking. | https://support.apple.com/en-us/119829 | null | 2026-10-20 |
15 | meta-externalagent | Meta | AI training | Crawls the web to train foundation AI models or improve products by indexing content directly. | Yes (implied by Meta's robots.txt guidance) | Yes | Future content is not crawled for Meta AI training. | https://developers.facebook.com/docs/sharing/webmasters/web-crawlers | null | 2026-10-20 |
16 | meta-webindexer | Meta | AI search index | Analyses web content to improve Meta AI search results and to cite and link sources in Meta AI answers. | Yes (controlled via robots.txt) | Not stated | The site may not be cited in Meta AI answers. | https://developers.facebook.com/docs/sharing/webmasters/web-crawlers | null | 2026-10-20 |
17 | meta-externalfetcher | Meta | User-triggered fetch | Fetches individual links at a user's request to support agentic AI features. | Not always (may bypass robots.txt for user requests) | Not stated | Rules may be bypassed because the fetch is user-requested. | https://developers.facebook.com/docs/sharing/webmasters/web-crawlers | null | 2026-10-20 |
18 | facebookexternalhit | Meta | Link preview | Fetches the title, description and thumbnail when a link is shared on Facebook, Instagram, Messenger or WhatsApp. | Generally yes (may bypass for security checks) | No | Shared links lose their preview card. Usually a mistake to block. | https://developers.facebook.com/docs/sharing/webmasters/web-crawlers | null | 2026-10-20 |
19 | CCBot | Common Crawl | Open web archive | Non-profit crawler that publishes a free copy of the web for research and analysis. The public dataset is widely reused by third parties, including for AI training. | Yes (also honours Crawl-delay) | Indirect (public dataset reused by others) | Future pages are left out of the Common Crawl archive. | https://commoncrawl.org/faq | null | 2026-10-20 |
20 | Amazonbot | Amazon | AI training and products | Improves Amazon products and services; may be used to train Amazon AI models. | Yes | May be | Content is not crawled for Amazon products or AI training. | https://developer.amazon.com/amazonbot | null | 2026-10-20 |
21 | Amzn-SearchBot | Amazon | AI search index | Improves search experiences in Amazon products such as Alexa. Not used for generative AI training. | Yes | No | The site may not appear in Alexa and other Amazon search experiences. | https://developer.amazon.com/amazonbot | null | 2026-10-20 |
22 | Amzn-User | Amazon | User-triggered fetch | Fetches live web information to answer user requests, such as Alexa queries. | Not always (user-initiated) | No | Some rules may not be followed because requests are user-initiated. | https://developer.amazon.com/amazonbot | null | 2026-10-20 |
23 | DuckAssistBot | DuckDuckGo | AI search answers | Crawls pages in real time to source DuckAssist answers, which cite their sources. | Yes (about 72 hours to take effect) | No | The site stops being used as a source for DuckAssist answers. | https://duckduckgo.com/duckduckgo-help-pages/results/duckassistbot | null | 2026-10-20 |
24 | MistralAI-User | Mistral AI | User-triggered fetch | Visits pages when a user asks Mistral's assistant a question and links the source. | Yes | No | The assistant cannot fetch the site for user questions. | https://docs.mistral.ai/robots | null | 2026-10-20 |
25 | MistralAI-Index | Mistral AI | AI search index | Crawls to index pages for Mistral's search features. | Not stated | No | The site may not appear in Mistral search results. | https://docs.mistral.ai/robots | null | 2026-10-20 |
26 | MistralAI-Training | Mistral AI | AI training | Builds datasets for training Mistral generative AI models. | Yes | Yes | Future content is not used for Mistral model training. | https://docs.mistral.ai/robots | null | 2026-10-20 |
27 | Bingbot | Microsoft | Search engine crawler | Bing search crawler. Microsoft Copilot answers draw on the Bing index; Bing documents NOCACHE and NOARCHIVE meta tags to limit use in chat answers. | Yes | Not stated | The site drops out of Bing search, which also feeds Copilot answers. | https://blogs.bing.com/webmaster/september-2023/Announcing-new-options-for-webmasters-to-control-usage-of-their-content-in-Bing-Chat | null | 2026-10-20 |
AI Crawler User Agents and robots.txt Tokens
A reference list of 27 AI and search crawlers (GPTBot, OAI-SearchBot, ChatGPT-User, ClaudeBot, Claude-SearchBot, PerplexityBot, Google-Extended, Applebot-Extended, meta-externalagent, CCBot, Amazonbot, DuckAssistBot, MistralAI crawlers, Bingbot and more) with the exact robots.txt token, who runs it, what it is for, whether it follows robots.txt, whether the data is used for AI training and what happens if you block it. Every row links to the operator's own documentation.
The key idea: AI crawlers are not one thing. Training crawlers, AI search crawlers and user-triggered fetchers do different jobs. Blocking a training crawler (for example GPTBot) does not remove a site from that company's AI search, while blocking a search crawler (for example OAI-SearchBot or PerplexityBot) can stop a site from being cited in AI answers.
Curated by 313 Automations, an AI automation, web and SEO/GEO agency in Lahore, Pakistan (founded 2018).
Check your own robots.txt against this list with the free AI Crawler robots.txt Checker Space.
Columns
| Column | Description |
|---|---|
id |
Row number |
robots_token |
The name to use in a robots.txt User-agent: line |
operator |
Company or organisation that runs the crawler |
category |
AI training, AI search index, User-triggered fetch, Search engine crawler, Control token (no crawler), Link preview, and others |
purpose |
What the crawler does, summarised from the operator's documentation |
respects_robots_txt |
Whether the operator says it follows robots.txt |
used_for_ai_training |
Yes, No, May be, Indirect or Not stated, per the operator's documentation |
effect_if_disallowed |
Practical effect of blocking it in robots.txt |
docs_url |
Operator documentation used as the source |
ip_list_url |
Published IP range list, where the operator provides one |
last_verified |
Date the row was checked against the source |
Intended use
- Writing a robots.txt policy that keeps AI search visibility while opting out of model training
- Auditing websites for GEO (generative engine optimization) and AI search readiness
- Bot detection, log analysis and allow lists
Limitations
- Crawler names, purposes and policies change. Rows were checked against operator documentation on the
last_verifieddate; confirm with the linked source before relying on a row. - "Not stated" means the operator's documentation did not say. It is not a claim either way.
- User-triggered fetchers (ChatGPT-User, Perplexity-User, Amzn-User, meta-externalfetcher) may not follow robots.txt because a person requested the page.
- User agent strings can be spoofed. Verify important traffic with the operator's IP lists or reverse DNS.
- Crawlers without public operator documentation are not included.
Related
- 313Automations/ai-crawler-robots-txt on GitHub: the same crawler list as CSV and JSON, ready-made robots.txt policies and a JS and Python checker
- GEO Checklist for AI Search
- GEO Prompt Library by Industry
- 313 Automations on Hugging Face
Citation
313 Automations (2026). AI Crawler User Agents and robots.txt Tokens. Hugging Face. https://huggingface.co/datasets/313Automations/ai-crawler-user-agents
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