SentenceTransformer based on sentence-transformers/paraphrase-multilingual-mpnet-base-v2

This is a sentence-transformers model finetuned from sentence-transformers/paraphrase-multilingual-mpnet-base-v2. It maps sentences & paragraphs to a 256-dimensional dense vector space and can be used for semantic textual similarity, semantic search, paraphrase mining, text classification, clustering, and more.

Model Details

Model Description

Model Sources

Full Model Architecture

SentenceTransformer(
  (0): Transformer({'max_seq_length': 512, 'do_lower_case': False}) with Transformer model: XLMRobertaModel 
  (1): Pooling({'word_embedding_dimension': 768, 'pooling_mode_cls_token': False, 'pooling_mode_mean_tokens': True, 'pooling_mode_max_tokens': False, 'pooling_mode_mean_sqrt_len_tokens': False, 'pooling_mode_weightedmean_tokens': False, 'pooling_mode_lasttoken': False, 'include_prompt': True})
  (2): Dense({'in_features': 768, 'out_features': 256, 'bias': True, 'activation_function': 'torch.nn.modules.activation.ReLU'})
  (3): Normalize()
)

Usage

Direct Usage (Sentence Transformers)

First install the Sentence Transformers library:

pip install -U sentence-transformers

Then you can load this model and run inference.

from sentence_transformers import SentenceTransformer

# Download from the 🤗 Hub
model = SentenceTransformer("sentence_transformers_model_id")
# Run inference
sentences = [
    'dalam artikelartikelnya ia menerangkan bahwa ekonomi seharusnya tidak ditegaskan melalui pokok persoalannya tetapi sebaiknya ditegaskan sebagai pendekatan untuk menerangkan perilaku manusia',
    'dalam artikelnya ia menerangkan bahwa ekonomi seharusnya tidak ditegaskan melalui pokok persoalannya tetapi sebaiknya ditegaskan sebagai pendekatan untuk menerangkan perilaku manusia',
    'secara umum matematika adalah pelajaran yang sangat di benci oleh muridmurid sekolah',
]
embeddings = model.encode(sentences)
print(embeddings.shape)
# [3, 256]

# Get the similarity scores for the embeddings
similarities = model.similarity(embeddings, embeddings)
print(similarities.shape)
# [3, 3]

Evaluation

Metrics

Semantic Similarity

Metric Value
pearson_cosine 0.6788
spearman_cosine 0.6896

Training Details

Training Dataset

Unnamed Dataset

  • Size: 300 training samples
  • Columns: sentence_0, sentence_1, and label
  • Approximate statistics based on the first 300 samples:
    sentence_0 sentence_1 label
    type string string float
    details
    • min: 9 tokens
    • mean: 29.94 tokens
    • max: 90 tokens
    • min: 6 tokens
    • mean: 25.27 tokens
    • max: 74 tokens
    • min: 0.0
    • mean: 0.61
    • max: 1.0
  • Samples:
    sentence_0 sentence_1 label
    seperti anak lakilaki lain yang berasal dari kelas atas di masa itu masa kecilnya kebanyakan dihabiskan di asrama sekolah seperti anak lakilaki lain yang berasal dari kelas atas pada masa itu masa kecilnya kebanyakan dihabiskan di asrama sekolah 1.0
    di dalam lumen protein tersebut dimodifikasi misalnya dengan penambahan gula ditandai dengan penanda kimiawi dan dipilahpilah agar nantinya dapat dikirim ke tujuannya masingmasing di dalam lumen protein tersebut dimodifikasi misalnya dengan penambahan karbohidrat ditandai dengan penanda kimiawi dan dipilahpilah agar nantinya dapat dikirim ke tujuannya masingmasing 1.0
    virus merupakan organisme subselular yang karena ukurannya sangat kecil tidak hanya dapat dilihat dengan menggunakan mikroskop elektron virus merupakan organisme subselular yang karena ukurannya sangat kecil hanya dapat dilihat dengan menggunakan mikroskop elektron 0.0
  • Loss: CosineSimilarityLoss with these parameters:
    {
        "loss_fct": "torch.nn.modules.loss.MSELoss"
    }
    

Training Hyperparameters

Non-Default Hyperparameters

  • eval_strategy: steps
  • per_device_train_batch_size: 16
  • per_device_eval_batch_size: 16
  • num_train_epochs: 20
  • fp16: True
  • multi_dataset_batch_sampler: round_robin

All Hyperparameters

Click to expand
  • overwrite_output_dir: False
  • do_predict: False
  • eval_strategy: steps
  • prediction_loss_only: True
  • per_device_train_batch_size: 16
  • per_device_eval_batch_size: 16
  • per_gpu_train_batch_size: None
  • per_gpu_eval_batch_size: None
  • gradient_accumulation_steps: 1
  • eval_accumulation_steps: None
  • torch_empty_cache_steps: None
  • learning_rate: 5e-05
  • weight_decay: 0.0
  • adam_beta1: 0.9
  • adam_beta2: 0.999
  • adam_epsilon: 1e-08
  • max_grad_norm: 1
  • num_train_epochs: 20
  • max_steps: -1
  • lr_scheduler_type: linear
  • lr_scheduler_kwargs: {}
  • warmup_ratio: 0.0
  • warmup_steps: 0
  • log_level: passive
  • log_level_replica: warning
  • log_on_each_node: True
  • logging_nan_inf_filter: True
  • save_safetensors: True
  • save_on_each_node: False
  • save_only_model: False
  • restore_callback_states_from_checkpoint: False
  • no_cuda: False
  • use_cpu: False
  • use_mps_device: False
  • seed: 42
  • data_seed: None
  • jit_mode_eval: False
  • use_ipex: False
  • bf16: False
  • fp16: True
  • fp16_opt_level: O1
  • half_precision_backend: auto
  • bf16_full_eval: False
  • fp16_full_eval: False
  • tf32: None
  • local_rank: 0
  • ddp_backend: None
  • tpu_num_cores: None
  • tpu_metrics_debug: False
  • debug: []
  • dataloader_drop_last: False
  • dataloader_num_workers: 0
  • dataloader_prefetch_factor: None
  • past_index: -1
  • disable_tqdm: False
  • remove_unused_columns: True
  • label_names: None
  • load_best_model_at_end: False
  • ignore_data_skip: False
  • fsdp: []
  • fsdp_min_num_params: 0
  • fsdp_config: {'min_num_params': 0, 'xla': False, 'xla_fsdp_v2': False, 'xla_fsdp_grad_ckpt': False}
  • tp_size: 0
  • fsdp_transformer_layer_cls_to_wrap: None
  • accelerator_config: {'split_batches': False, 'dispatch_batches': None, 'even_batches': True, 'use_seedable_sampler': True, 'non_blocking': False, 'gradient_accumulation_kwargs': None}
  • deepspeed: None
  • label_smoothing_factor: 0.0
  • optim: adamw_torch
  • optim_args: None
  • adafactor: False
  • group_by_length: False
  • length_column_name: length
  • ddp_find_unused_parameters: None
  • ddp_bucket_cap_mb: None
  • ddp_broadcast_buffers: False
  • dataloader_pin_memory: True
  • dataloader_persistent_workers: False
  • skip_memory_metrics: True
  • use_legacy_prediction_loop: False
  • push_to_hub: False
  • resume_from_checkpoint: None
  • hub_model_id: None
  • hub_strategy: every_save
  • hub_private_repo: None
  • hub_always_push: False
  • gradient_checkpointing: False
  • gradient_checkpointing_kwargs: None
  • include_inputs_for_metrics: False
  • include_for_metrics: []
  • eval_do_concat_batches: True
  • fp16_backend: auto
  • push_to_hub_model_id: None
  • push_to_hub_organization: None
  • mp_parameters:
  • auto_find_batch_size: False
  • full_determinism: False
  • torchdynamo: None
  • ray_scope: last
  • ddp_timeout: 1800
  • torch_compile: False
  • torch_compile_backend: None
  • torch_compile_mode: None
  • include_tokens_per_second: False
  • include_num_input_tokens_seen: False
  • neftune_noise_alpha: None
  • optim_target_modules: None
  • batch_eval_metrics: False
  • eval_on_start: False
  • use_liger_kernel: False
  • eval_use_gather_object: False
  • average_tokens_across_devices: False
  • prompts: None
  • batch_sampler: batch_sampler
  • multi_dataset_batch_sampler: round_robin

Training Logs

Epoch Step spearman_cosine
1.0 19 0.5953
2.0 38 0.5925
2.6316 50 0.5896
3.0 57 0.5896
4.0 76 0.5982
5.0 95 0.6125
5.2632 100 0.6182
6.0 114 0.6182
7.0 133 0.6239
7.8947 150 0.6296
8.0 152 0.6324
9.0 171 0.6496
10.0 190 0.6667
10.5263 200 0.6781
11.0 209 0.6838
12.0 228 0.6838
13.0 247 0.6724
13.1579 250 0.6753
14.0 266 0.6781
15.0 285 0.6896

Framework Versions

  • Python: 3.11.12
  • Sentence Transformers: 4.1.0
  • Transformers: 4.51.3
  • PyTorch: 2.6.0+cu124
  • Accelerate: 1.6.0
  • Datasets: 3.6.0
  • Tokenizers: 0.21.1

Citation

BibTeX

Sentence Transformers

@inproceedings{reimers-2019-sentence-bert,
    title = "Sentence-BERT: Sentence Embeddings using Siamese BERT-Networks",
    author = "Reimers, Nils and Gurevych, Iryna",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 2019 Conference on Empirical Methods in Natural Language Processing",
    month = "11",
    year = "2019",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://arxiv.org/abs/1908.10084",
}
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