Adversarial Tokenization
Paper • 2503.02174 • Published
Research checkpoint from a study of tokenization (reader) invariance and its
effect on robustness to adversarial re-tokenization. Fine-tuned from
allenai/OLMo-2-1124-7B-Instruct.
These are research artifacts, not products. Numbers below are measured on a 200-prompt AdvBench holdout that was excluded from training by construction.
| metric | value |
|---|---|
| AdvTok ASR (greedy, 200-prompt AdvBench holdout) | 0.125 |
| AdvTok ASR (t=1) | 0.247 |
| Canonical ASR (greedy, no attack) | 0.03 |
| Canonical refusal (greedy) | 0.965 |
| XSTest over-refusal (safe) | 0.068 |
| XSTest refusal (unsafe) | 0.917 |
| Alpaca over-refusal | 0.028 |
| Alpaca token F1 | 0.428 |
| Alpaca NLL/token | 1.252 |
| Reference (zeroshot) AdvTok ASR greedy / t=1 | 0.565 / 0.584 |
| CAVEAT: refusal-margin metrics | margin_canonical and margin_spread are CIRCULAR for this arm and are deliberately omitted: the probe scores logP of a refusal string sharing its opener with the training target. |
| CAVEAT: response length | Mean adversarial response 392 chars vs 898-1139 for comparable arms; only 13% reach the 256-token generation cap against 52-80% elsewhere. ASR at a fixed cap partly measures how much a model says, so this ASR is not yet established as length-independent. |
| CAVEAT: diversity vs length | The template is ~10 tokens against ce_exposure 128, so this arm differs from it in target diversity AND supervision length; neither comparator isolates diversity alone. |
AdvTok ASR is attack success rate under adversarial tokenization
(Geh et al., arXiv:2503.02174), Llama-Guard-3-8B judged, greedy decoding.
XSTest over-refusal is the refusal rate on safe prompts — the cost side.
| field | value |
|---|---|
mode |
reference |
objective |
ce_exposure |
kl_direction |
forward |
ce_weighting |
uniform |
ema_beta |
None |
harmful_mix |
mixed |
harmful_fraction |
0.286 |
num_encodings |
8 |
cvar_quantile |
0.25 |
max_steps |
700 |
learning_rate |
1e-05 |
grad_accum |
8 |
seed |
42 |
reference_model |
allenai/OLMo-2-1124-7B-Instruct |
max_new_tokens |
128 |
prefix_tokens |
8 |
stochastok_p |
0.3 |
| group | relative L2 |
|---|---|
| attn | 0.01219 |
| embed_tokens | 0.00096 |
| lm_head | 0.00945 |
| mlp | 0.01318 |
| norm | 0.00102 |
Base model
allenai/OLMo-2-1124-7B