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def get_challenges() -> List[Dict[str, Any]]:
"""
Collection of buggy Python challenges.
Each challenge has:
- id, difficulty, description
- buggy_code: the broken code agent must fix
- error_message: what Python throws
- correct_output: expected result when fixed
- hint: optional nudge
"""
return [
# ── EASY: Syntax Errors ──────────────────────────────────────
{
"id": "easy_001",
"difficulty": "easy",
"description": "Fix the function that adds two numbers.",
"buggy_code": (
"def add(a, b)\n"
" return a + b\n"
"print(add(3, 4))"
),
"error_message": "SyntaxError: expected ':'",
"correct_output": "7",
"hint": "Check the function definition line."
},
{
"id": "easy_002",
"difficulty": "easy",
"description": "Fix the loop that prints numbers 1 to 5.",
"buggy_code": (
"for i in range(1, 6)\n"
" print(i)"
),
"error_message": "SyntaxError: expected ':'",
"correct_output": "1\n2\n3\n4\n5",
"hint": "for loops need a colon at the end."
},
{
"id": "easy_003",
"difficulty": "easy",
"description": "Fix the function that checks if a number is even.",
"buggy_code": (
"def is_even(n):\n"
"return n % 2 == 0\n"
"print(is_even(4))"
),
"error_message": "IndentationError: expected an indented block",
"correct_output": "True",
"hint": "Check indentation inside the function."
},
# ── MEDIUM: Logic Bugs ───────────────────────────────────────
{
"id": "medium_001",
"difficulty": "medium",
"description": "Fix the function that finds the maximum in a list.",
"buggy_code": (
"def find_max(nums):\n"
" max_val = 0\n"
" for n in nums:\n"
" if n > max_val:\n"
" max_val = n\n"
" return max_val\n"
"print(find_max([-5, -1, -3]))"
),
"error_message": "No error — but wrong output. Expected: -1, Got: 0",
"correct_output": "-1",
"hint": "What happens when all numbers are negative?"
},
{
"id": "medium_002",
"difficulty": "medium",
"description": "Fix the factorial function.",
"buggy_code": (
"def factorial(n):\n"
" result = 0\n"
" for i in range(1, n + 1):\n"
" result *= i\n"
" return result\n"
"print(factorial(5))"
),
"error_message": "No error — but wrong output. Expected: 120, Got: 0",
"correct_output": "120",
"hint": "Check the initial value of result."
},
{
"id": "medium_003",
"difficulty": "medium",
"description": "Fix the function that reverses a string.",
"buggy_code": (
"def reverse_string(s):\n"
" result = ''\n"
" for i in range(len(s)):\n"
" result += s[i]\n"
" return result\n"
"print(reverse_string('hello'))"
),
"error_message": "No error — but wrong output. Expected: olleh, Got: hello",
"correct_output": "olleh",
"hint": "You need to iterate in reverse order."
},
# ── HARD: Multiple Bugs + Unit Tests ────────────────────────
{
"id": "hard_001",
"difficulty": "hard",
"description": (
"Fix the BankAccount class. "
"It has 3 bugs. All unit tests must pass."
),
"buggy_code": (
"class BankAccount:\n"
" def __init__(self, balance):\n"
" self.balance = balance\n\n"
" def deposit(self, amount):\n"
" if amount > 0:\n"
" self.balance += amount\n\n"
" def withdraw(self, amount):\n"
" if amount > self.balance:\n"
" return 'Insufficient funds'\n"
" self.balance -= amount\n\n"
" def get_balance(self):\n"
" return self.balance\n\n"
"acc = BankAccount(100)\n"
"acc.deposit(50)\n"
"acc.withdraw(200)\n"
"print(acc.get_balance())"
),
"error_message": (
"Test 1 FAILED: deposit(-50) should not change balance\n"
"Test 2 FAILED: withdraw(200) on balance 150 should return "
"'Insufficient funds' and not change balance\n"
"Test 3 FAILED: get_balance() after deposit(50) on 100 "
"should return 150"
),
"correct_output": "150",
"hint": "Check deposit validation, withdraw condition, and return values."
},
{
"id": "hard_002",
"difficulty": "hard",
"description": (
"Fix the binary search function. "
"Must pass all 3 unit tests."
),
"buggy_code": (
"def binary_search(arr, target):\n"
" left, right = 0, len(arr)\n"
" while left < right:\n"
" mid = (left + right) // 2\n"
" if arr[mid] == target:\n"
" return mid\n"
" elif arr[mid] < target:\n"
" left = mid\n"
" else:\n"
" right = mid\n"
" return -1\n"
"print(binary_search([1,3,5,7,9], 5))"
),
"error_message": (
"Test 1 FAILED: binary_search([1,3,5,7,9], 5) loops forever\n"
"Test 2 FAILED: binary_search([1,3,5,7,9], 1) loops forever\n"
"Test 3 FAILED: binary_search([1,3,5,7,9], 10) should return -1"
),
"correct_output": "2",
"hint": "Check the initial right boundary and how left/right are updated."
},
{
"id": "hard_003",
"difficulty": "hard",
"description": (
"Fix the function that flattens a nested list. "
"Must pass all 3 unit tests."
),
"buggy_code": (
"def flatten(lst):\n"
" result = []\n"
" for item in lst:\n"
" if type(item) == list:\n"
" result += flatten(item)\n"
" else:\n"
" result.append(item)\n"
" return result\n\n"
"print(flatten([1, [2, [3, 4]], 5]))"
),
"error_message": (
"Test 1 FAILED: flatten([1,[2,[3,4]],5]) should return "
"[1,2,3,4,5]\n"
"Test 2 FAILED: does not handle tuples\n"
"Test 3 FAILED: does not handle empty nested lists"
),
"correct_output": "[1, 2, 3, 4, 5]",
"hint": "Use isinstance() instead of type() to handle subclasses."
},
]
def get_challenge_by_id(challenge_id: str) -> Dict[str, Any]:
for c in get_challenges():
if c["id"] == challenge_id:
return c
raise ValueError(f"Challenge '{challenge_id}' not found.")
def get_by_difficulty(difficulty: str) -> List[Dict[str, Any]]:
return [c for c in get_challenges() if c["difficulty"] == difficulty] |