Document ID: chunk:federal_register_of_legislation:F2013C00288:reg:5:p2
Version: federal_register_of_legislation:F2013C00288
Segment Type: reg
Provision Reference: reg 5 (pt 2/10)
Character Range: 1443813–1446926

to represent some of the most highly exposed species at contaminated sites (meadow vole, short-tailed shrew, long-tailed weasel, mourning dove, American woodcock and red-tailed hawk). Wildlife Eco-SSLs were developed by back-calculating from a hazard quotient (HQ) of 1.0, calculated by dividing the estimated exposure dose by the toxicity reference value (TRV). When the HQ was 1.0, the exposure dose equalled the Eco-SSL.

A generic food-chain model was used to estimate the relationship between the concentration of the contaminant in soil and the critical dose (TRV). TRVs were developed using a literature screening process similar to that of the plant and invertebrate Eco-SSLs.

Twenty-four Eco-SSLs have been produced for aluminium, antimony, arsenic, barium,  beryllium, cadmium, chromium, cobalt, copper, iron, lead, manganese, nickel, selenium, silver, vanadium, zinc, dieldrin, hexahydro -1,3,5-trinitro-1,3,5-triazine (RDX), trinitrotoluene (TNT), dichloro-diphenyl-trichloroethane (DDT) and its metabolites (DDE and DDD), pentachlorophenol, PAHs, and polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs).

5.1.2         A2: The Netherlands
As part of the Dutch Soil Protection Act (VROM 2000), the Netherlands Ministry of Housing, Spatial Planning and the Environment (VROM) has developed a series of soil-screening values for contaminated sites, remediation and long-term soil concentration goals, based on protection of soil health.

Soil quality is assessed and managed using three soil screening values—the target and intervention value and a value between these two termed the intermediate value. These values are independent of land use. Soils with contaminant concentrations below target value are considered to be at no risk and no restrictions on their use have been set. Soils with contaminant concentrations below the intermediate values can have certain restrictions set on soil and site management. Soils with contaminant concentrations exceeding intermediate but below the intervention value require further investigation of the site to assess the hazard posed by the contaminants. Soils with contaminant concentrations exceeding the intervention value require remediation as a matter of urgency.

Remediation levels for contaminants in soils have a separate set of values, the so-called reference values. These values are land use-specific, but site-specific reference values can be derived. Land uses are grouped into four clusters: 1) residential and intensively used parkland, 2) extensively used parkland, 3) buildings and paved areas, and 4) agriculture and nature reserves.

The intervention and target values are preferably derived using an SSD method with a log-normal distribution. Toxicity data used in the SSD approach are NOECs and LOECs but if these are not available, higher adverse effect data is used and converted to NOECs using a safety factor of 10. Toxicity data is normalised to a reference soil of 10% organic matter and 25% clay. The equations used to normalise the toxicity data (that is, normalisation equations) are based on the studies by Lexmond et al. (1986) and Van Straalen