Document ID: chunk:federal_register_of_legislation:F2009C00402:body:0:p23
Version: federal_register_of_legislation:F2009C00402
Segment Type: other
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Character Range: 64091–67129

in reducing odours from diesel exhaust.

 DOCs are the cheapest after-treatment technology, require no maintenance and are very durable. Current retrofit programs often focus on the use of diesel oxidation catalysts. However, while the costs and other complexities with the use of particle filters tend to limit their adoption at this stage, they have the capacity to deliver substantial reductions in PM emissions, and may be a viable option where particular engine operating conditions can be achieved.

 Diesel particle filters (DPFs) can deliver large particulate matter (PM) emission reductions in specific applications. To be effective they need to be carefully tailored to particular engines and in-service use patterns. Partial filter traps (PFT) are particulate filters that can provide a 50% particle reduction. Purchase and installation costs for PFTs are around half that of DPFs.

Under the NSW Diesel Exhaust Retrofit Program PM reduction efficiencies of around 30% for DOC and over 90% for DPF have been demonstrated. The cost effectiveness of both devices are very similar as purchase and installation costs for DOCs are around one third that of DPFs.

 Original equipment manufacturers should be consulted before undertaking any retrofit activity.

3.       Program Outline

 There are three parts to a diesel vehicle retrofit program:

           * Vehicle Selection

           * Technology Assessment

           * Program Evaluation.

           1. Vehicle Selection

 With the exception of newer models, most diesel vehicles are potential candidates for retrofit programs. The criteria for selection are a matter for the jurisdiction, and may be based purely on a cost/effectiveness assessment or involve other broader government objectives.  This guideline sets out a range of possible criteria that jurisdictions may use in considering the introduction of a retrofit program.

3.1.1   General Principles

 There are some general principles which apply, regardless of the target groups.

 1. The emissions benefits are proportionally greater for earlier technology vehicles such as those provided to the Australian market before ADR70/00 (i.e. largely unregulated or "Euro O", late 1980's US), but there are still significant benefits from retrofitting vehicles meeting Euro 1/Euro 2, and US 91/US 94 standards.

 2. There can still be some benefit in retrofitting vehicles that meet the newer emission standards in ADR80/00 and ADR79/00.

 3. The vehicle engine must be in reasonable condition. In particular, retrofit devices should not be fitted to engines emitting excessive smoke or using excessive amounts of oil. Retrofitting engines in a poor state of repair may lead to catalyst or filter damage and increased smoke and odours from oil.

 4. Emissions reductions are likely to be greatest when the DOC, DPF or PFT is tailored to the engine (in accordance with advice from the engine manufacturer).

3.1.2   Target Vehicle Criteria

 Taking the above factors into account, possible criteria for