Document ID: chunk:federal_register_of_legislation:F2023L00437:body:0:p199
Version: federal_register_of_legislation:F2023L00437
Segment Type: other
Provision Reference: 
Character Range: 637031–640071

(AWM1) - artefact is situated on rise crest within exposure

  Figure 6.2 View of site Australian War Memorial 1 (AWM1) looking south along exposure towards junction of Treloar Crescent and Fairbairn Avenue, Campbell

                 Figure 6.3 Location of Aboriginal site within the Australian War Memorial, Campbell precinct (Extract from Canberra 1:25,000 topo map 2nd edition L&PI 2003)

3.13                   Survey Coverage and Visibility Variables

       The effectiveness of archaeological field survey is to a large degree related to the obtrusiveness of the sites being looked for and the incidence and quality of ground surface visibility. Visibility variables were estimated for all areas of comprehensive survey within the study area. These estimates provide a measure with which to gauge the effectiveness of the survey and level of sampling conducted. They can also be used to gauge the number and type of sites that may not have been detected by the survey.

       Ground surface visibility is a measure of the bare ground visible to the archaeologist during the survey. There are two main variables used to assess ground surface visibility, the frequency of exposure encountered by the surveyor and the quality of visibility within those exposures. The predominant factors affecting the quality of ground surface visibility within an exposure are the extent of vegetation and ground litter, the depth and origin of exposure, the extent of recent sedimentary deposition, and the level of visual interference from surface gravels.

       The incidence of ground surface exposure at the Campbell Precinct varied enormously across the site with greater exposure and visibility in the eastern portion of the study area. It was estimated that 20% ground exposures with 30% visibility within the exposures characterised the eastern half while this decreased significantly across the western portion of the Campbell site. The low level of visibility for an open context is due to the thick grass coverage from extensive landscaping.

       The incidence of ground exposure at the Mitchell precinct was limited to a small portion of highly disturbed ground within Treloar A measuring approximately 80 x 40 m. Visibility within this area was estimated at 40% with coverage of imported gravels.

7.1  Commonwealth Heritage Assessment Criteria

       The Commonwealth Heritage List is a register of natural and cultural heritage places owned or controlled by the Australian Government. These may include places associated with a range of activities such as communications, customs, defence or the exercise of government. The Environment Protection and Biodiversity Conservation Act 1999 establishes this list and nominations are assessed by the Australian Heritage Council.

       In accordance with the Environment Protection and Biodiversity Conservation Act 1999 a place has a Commonwealth Heritage value if it meets one of the Commonwealth Heritage criteria (section 341D).

       A place meets the Commonwealth Heritage