Document ID: chunk:federal_register_of_legislation:F2025L00287:reg:3:p155
Version: federal_register_of_legislation:F2025L00287
Segment Type: reg
Provision Reference: reg 3 (pt 155/276)
Character Range: 589817–592849

and Wildlife Service, Canberra.

Tarburton MK (1981) Seabirds nesting on Norfolk Island. Notornis 28, 209–211.

Ardenna carneipes—flesh-footed shearwater

Conservation significance
EPBC Act Listing Status: Marine, Migratory (listed marine under the EPBC Act as Puffinus carneipes).
State Listing Status: Listed as Vulnerable under the Biodiversity Conservation Act 2016 (NSW).
Non-statutory Listing Status: Listed as Near Threatened in The Action Plan for Australian Birds 2020 (Garnett & Baker 2021).

Distribution
A widespread species across the southern Indian Ocean and south-eastern Pacific Ocean; breeding and non-breeding visitor to the coastal and pelagic waters of southern Australia.
Priddel et al. (2010) estimated the population of flesh-footed shearwater on Phillip Island to be 1–10 pairs. Breeding here was confirmed in 2011 when a fledgling was intercepted at the known breeding site below Red Knoll (Carlile 2011).

Ecology
Breeds late August to May. Eggs are incubated for less than 60 days, and young fledge approximately three months after hatching. Nests in a deep burrow.
Diet consists of small fish and squid. Food captured by diving and pursuit plunging to 10 m and by surface seizing.

Habitat
Breeding may occur on islands within the Australasian region and Indian Ocean. Nests are made in burrows on gentle to steep slopes where burrowing is not restricted by dense vegetation, deep litter or bare rock. Nesting colonies require clear, elevated places to allow sufficient space for take-off.

Threats
The main threat to the flesh-footed shearwater is the reduction in the quality of foraging areas through climate-related shifts in oceanic resources. The species is also threatened by degradation and loss of breeding habitat. Offshore windfarms along the east coast of Australia may represent an emerging threat due to turbine strike.

Impact on other species
None known.

Management actions
Retain status of pest-free Phillip Island through detection monitoring for introduced vertebrates and invertebrates. Protect nesting areas and conduct surveillance camera monitoring of known burrows between December and May annually to detect continued breeding below Red Knoll.

Relevant literature
Carlile N (2011) Observations of seabirds on Phillip Island 8–12 May 2011. Unpublished report.
Christian M (2005) Norfolk Island … the birds. Green Eyes Publications, Norfolk Island.
Garnett ST & Baker GB (2021) The Action Plan for Australian Birds 2020. CSIRO Publishing, Melbourne.
Garnett ST, Szabo J & Dutson G (2011) The Action Plan for Australian Birds 2010. CSIRO Publishing, Melbourne.
Priddel D, Carlile N, Evans O, Evans B & McCoy H (2010) A review of the seabirds of Phillip Island in the Norfolk Island Group. Notornis 57, 113–127.

Ardenna pacifica—wedge-tailed shearwater, ghost bird

Conservation significance
EPBC Act Listing Status: Marine, migratory (listed marine under the EPBC Act as Puffinus pacificus)
Non-statutory Listing Status: Listed as Least Concern in the Action Plan for Australian