Document ID: chunk:federal_register_of_legislation:F2020L01547:front:0:p8
Version: federal_register_of_legislation:F2020L01547
Segment Type: other
Provision Reference: 
Character Range: 20182–23257

renewal option for a further 25 years.

 Montague Island is a gazetted Aboriginal Place and a Native Title claim application is currently active under the South Coast People.

  2   Heyligers, P.C., and L.G. Adams, 'Flora and vegetation of Montague Island – past and present', Cunninghamia 8, 2004 pg. 285–305

  Figure 8. Map of lease - Montague Island lighthouse (2017)

  Figure 9. Montague Island Lightstation, NSW Heritage Register Plan 2954 (NSW Heritage Council, 1994)

2.4             Listings

 The table below details the various heritage listings of the Montague Island Lightstation.

Register                          ID

Commonwealth Heritage List
105601c
NSW State Heritage List          01000d
Register of the National Estate  103602e

 2.4 Access

 Montague Island is only accessible to authorised vessels and approved contracted boat operators. No private vessel landing is permitted. Vehicular access from the landing site at Jetty Bay to the lighthouse is available  for  authorised  vehicles only. Access trails, some of which are historically significant, are maintained on the southern section of the island. The Montague Island Lightstation features as a landmark on the Montague Island walking track which ensures pedestrian access to
 the site. Access inside the lighthouse is restricted to authorised personnel and tour groups only.

  Figure 10. Montague Island walking trail (NPWSf)

   3.   History

3.1             General history of lighthouses in Australia

 The first lighthouse to be constructed along Australian soil was Macquarie Lighthouse, located at the entrance to Port Jackson, NSW. First lit in 1818, the cost of the lighthouse was recovered through the introduction of a levy on shipping. This was instigated by Governor Lachlan Macquarie, who ordered and named the light.

 The following century oversaw the construction of hundreds of lighthouses around the country. Constructing and maintaining a lighthouse were costly ventures that often required the financial support of multiple colonies. However, they were deemed necessary aids  in assisting the safety of mariners at sea. Lighthouses were firstly
 managed by the colony they lay within, with each colony developing their own style of lighthouse and operational system. Following Federation in 1901, which saw the various colonies unite under one Commonwealth government, lighthouse management was transferred from state hands to the Commonwealth Lighthouse Service.3

  Figure 11. Early technology used in lighthouses 3

Lamps and optics – an overview

 Lighthouse technology has altered drastically over the centuries. Eighteenth  century  lighthouses were lit using parabolic mirrors and oil lamps.
 Documentation of early examples of parabolic mirrors in the United Kingdom, circa 1760, were documented as consisting of wood and lined with pieces of looking glass or plates of tin. As described by Searle, "When light hits a shiny surface, it is reflected at an angle equal to that at which it hit.
 With a light source is placed in the focal