Document ID: chunk:federal_register_of_legislation:F2018L01173:body:0:p10
Version: federal_register_of_legislation:F2018L01173
Segment Type: other
Provision Reference: 
Character Range: 25258–28263

shipboard operations include:
       the type of work being performed
       the work environment
       how many people are exposed
       communication methods and effectiveness
       the suitability of equipment for the activity e.g. ropes and lifting gear
       time of day and hours of work, and
       the training and experience of seafarers.

2.3              Controlling the risks
The ways of controlling work health and safety risks are ranked from the highest level of protection and reliability to the lowest. This ranking is known as the hierarchy of risk control (see Figure 1).
The most effective control is elimination where the hazard is completely removed. Operators should always aim to eliminate a hazard. If it is not reasonably practicable to do so, the risks should be minimised by working through the other options in the hierarchy from top to bottom.
Figure 1 The hierarchy of control measures
Administrative controls and personal protective equipment (PPE) rely on human behaviour and supervision. Used on their own these measures tend to be least effective in minimising risks.

In many cases, a combination of control measures provides the best solution.

2.4              Maintaining and reviewing control measures
Reviewing risk controls is an important part of the risk management process. The aim is to ensure the implemented controls are effective and working.
A review can be done by using the same methods as the initial hazard identification process. Reviewing the control measures also involves considering whether a higher order control measure is now reasonably practicable.
Consult seafarers and any health and safety representatives as part of the review process and consider the following questions:
       Are all foreseeable hazards being identified?
       Are the control measures working effectively in both their design and operation?
       Have the control measures introduced new problems?
       Has instruction and training provided to workers been successful?
       Is the frequency and severity of health and safety incidents reducing over time?
       If new legislation or new information has become available, does it indicate the current controls may no longer be the most effective?
       Have changes occurred affecting health and safety, for example has new plant or equipment been introduced? Are new procedures required?
If changes or improvements are identified, further decisions are needed to control the risks.

2.5              Developing a safety management system
The risk management process is essential in developing a safety management system as required under Marine Order 58 (Safe management of vessels) and the ISM Code.
A safety management system includes the following key elements:
       A safety and environmental protection policy
       Instructions and procedures to ensure safe operation of ships and protection of the environment in compliance with relevant international and flag state legislation