Document ID: chunk:federal_register_of_legislation:F2025L00287:reg:3:p233
Version: federal_register_of_legislation:F2025L00287
Segment Type: reg
Provision Reference: reg 3 (pt 233/276)
Character Range: 853801–857999

which produces large (2.5–4 cm) multi-coloured berries and exudes a sticky white latex when wounded.

Distribution and abundance
Planchonella costata has been recorded from the slopes of Mt Pitt in the Norfolk Island National Park (Orchard 1994), in the Mission Road rainforest remnants and the botanic garden, and on private land at Simons Water.
There were 176 mature individuals recorded in the national park in 2003 (TSSC 2003c). Mills (2012b) found 34 plants on six transects within the national park, though the locations where this species is most common (lower altitudes and often on private property) were not surveyed. Mills (2017e) counted one planted individual in Hundred Acres Reserve.
The population estimate in 2021 was 251 individuals. Propagation and planting have occurred through the Norfolk Island National Park threatened flora program.
The distribution is shown in Map 56.

Ecology
Little known.

Habitat
A lowland species that is rare to absent at higher altitudes (K Mills 2024. pers comm 11 January). Grows in most types of forest except extreme/harsh coastal communities (Sykes & Atkinson 1988).

Threats
The primary threat to the species is weed invasion and competition. Phytophthora cinnamomi is potentially a major risk.

Impact on other species
None known.
Map 56 Distribution of Planchonella costata
Green outlines indicate reserves within which the species occurs.

Risk assessment
Risk assessment undertaken for Endangered trees/shrubs as a grouping. The risk assessment is shown in Table 129.
Table 129 Risk assessment for Endangered trees/shrubs as a grouping
Risk                                                                                                               Likelihood of exposure    Consequence  Threat rating
1. Loss and fragmentation of native vegetation through past land clearing                                          Almost certain (91–100%)  Extreme      Extreme
2. Loss and fragmentation of native vegetation through current or future land clearing                             Rare (0–10%)              Negligible   Negligible
3. Degradation of native vegetation through past grazing or loss of nutrients                                      Almost certain (91–100%)  Extreme      Extreme
4. Degradation of native vegetation through current or future grazing                                              Possible (26–50%)         Moderate     Medium
6. Predation by rodents                                                                                            Possible (26–50%)         Minor        Low
7. Predation by cats                                                                                               Rare (0–10%)              Negligible   Negligible
8. Predation or damage by chickens                                                                                 Likely (51–90%)           Moderate     Medium
9. Predation by swamphens                                                                                          Rare (0–10%)              Negligible   Negligible
10. Predation by Argentine ant                                                                                     Possible (26–50%)         Minor        Low
11. Competition from/change of habitat because of weed invasion                                                    Likely (51–90%)           Major        High
12. Infection by pathogens already present                                                                         Possible (26–50%)         Moderate     Medium
13. Impacts of potential new invasive species or pathogens                                                         Unlikely (11–25%)         Minor        Low
14. Changes to vegetation, increased fire risk and/or direct physiological stress as a result of climatic changes  Possible (26–50%)         Moderate     Medium
15. Problems caused by small populations, including lack of genetic diversity                                      Likely (51–90%)           Major        High

Management actions
Continue propagation and planting in suitable areas. Implement habitat protection and rehabilitation. Undertake ongoing targeted weed control and maintenance