Document ID: chunk:federal_register_of_legislation:F2023C00696:body:0:p60
Version: federal_register_of_legislation:F2023C00696
Segment Type: other
Provision Reference: 
Character Range: 227577–230555

INS/IRS with 5 hourly updating (d = 18.2 NM)

 G/S = 95 KT.

(iii)        for dual INS/IRS with 5 hourly updating (d =12.9 NM)

G/S = 67 KT.

(iv)        for dual INS/IRS with 12 hourly updating (d = 27.7 NM)

G/S = 145 KT.

(d)         for simplicity, these minimum groundspeeds are rationalised as follows:

(i)            a minimum groundspeed of 150 KT is assumed unless otherwise stated.

(ii)          the situation requiring a minimum groundspeed of 490 KT is ignored.

(iii)        the remaining minimum groundspeeds are rounded-up to the next multiple of 30 knot (that is, 240 and 330 KT).

10.9.5.3         The minimum distance separation (Rsep) between two aircraft is given by:

where
           d = magnitude of the CEP (NM)
           dc = closure distance of each aircraft owing to TAS variation
            = 3 NM for initial climb
            = 6 NM for cruise, arrival and change of level
           db = buffer
            = 10 NM (except in case of R2)
            = 0 NM (R2 only)

(a)         aircraft on climb to cruising level (R1):

=18 NM.

Rounded up R1 = 20 NM.

(b)         definite passing (R2 and R2A):

(i)            For dual INS/IRS with 5 hourly updating

 = 20 NM = R2.

(ii)          For dual INS/IRS with 12 hourly updating,

 = 40 NM = R2A.

(c)          aircraft cruising, arriving or changing level (R3 and R3A):

(i)            R3 = R2 + 10 NM (buffer) = 30 NM

10.9.5.4         R3A = R2A + 10 NM = 50 NM.

Section 10.10:   Separation Standards—Visual

10.10.1         Application

10.10.1.1     Visual separation may be achieved:

(a)         by the use of visual procedures; or

(b)         by assigning visual separation responsibility to a pilot.

10.10.1.2     When applying visual separation, controllers consideration must be given to aircraft performance characteristics, particularly in relation to faster following aircraft. When necessary, corroborative evidence from the pilot of one aircraft on the relative position of another aircraft must be obtained.

10.10.1.3     ATC may assign to the pilot of 1 aircraft responsibility to maintain separation with another aircraft only if:

(a)         the aircraft to be separated are operating at or below 10 000 ft; and

(b)         the pilot has:

(i)            reported the other aircraft in sight; and

(ii)          accepted responsibility to follow, or maintain his or her own separation with, that aircraft;

10.10.1.4     Before altering the clearance of an aircraft with which visual separation has been assigned to another aircraft, the controller must ensure that visual separation can continue to be maintained.

10.10.1.5     Alternative instructions must be issued to provide separation if there is any doubt of the pilot's ability to keep the other aircraft in sight or maintain separation.

10.10.1.6     Positive identification must be established before visual separation is provided as follows:

(a)         by day:
(i)            identification by type;

(ii)