Document ID: chunk:federal_register_of_legislation:F2025L00287:reg:3:p210
Version: federal_register_of_legislation:F2025L00287
Segment Type: reg
Provision Reference: reg 3 (pt 210/276)
Character Range: 772494–776535

Management actions
Undertake revegetation/habitat restoration. Undertake targeted weed control and maintenance.

Recovery target
The recovery target is shown in Table 100.
Table 100 Recovery target for Ileostylus micranthus
EPBC Act status  Estimated population (2023)  Where known populations occur  2034 target
Vulnerable       500                          100% within the national park  750

Relevant literature
Orchard A (ed) (1994) Flora of Australia. Vol. 49. Oceanic Islands 1. Australian Government Publishing Service, Canberra.
TSSC (Threatened Species Scientific Committee) (2003b) Commonwealth Listing Advice for Norfolk Island Flora - 15 Vulnerable Species.

Lastreopsis calantha—shield-fern
Family DRYOPTERIDACEAE

Conservation significance
Endemic to Norfolk Island.
EPBC Act Listing Status: Endangered.
The Australian Plant Census accepts Parapolystichum calanthum as a synonym.

Description
A terrestrial fern with a long creeping rhizome and fronds growing to 30cm, occasionally reaching 50cm long.

Distribution and abundance
Lastreopsis calantha is known to occur mainly in the Norfolk Island National Park, in damp and shady valleys (Sykes & Atkinson 1988).
Braggins (1996) found it at several widely scattered sites, and the species had returned in areas where cattle had been excluded. There were fewer than 200 mature individuals in 2003 (TSSC 2003c). Mills (2012b) found 148 plants along 10 transects, mostly within valleys. The valley to the south-west of Bird Rock in the national park contained the largest population of this fern, with 72 plants.
The distribution is shown in Map 42.

Ecology
Grows in moist shaded areas.

Habitat
Grows in moist upland hardwood forest, mainly in shaded valleys.

Threats
The main threats to the species are cattle grazing, weed invasion and changes to hydrology in the national park.

Impact on other species
None known.
Map 42 Distribution of Lastreopsis calantha
Green outlines indicate reserves within which the species occurs. Green shading shows plant communities within which the species may occur (Christian & Mills 2021).

Risk assessment
Risk assessment undertaken for Endangered ferns as a grouping. The risk assessment is shown in Table 101.
Table 101 Risk assessment for Endangered ferns as a grouping
Risk                                                                                                               Likelihood of exposure    Consequence  Threat rating
1. Loss and fragmentation of native vegetation through past land clearing                                          Almost certain (91–100%)  Extreme      Extreme
2. Loss and fragmentation of native vegetation through current or future land clearing                             Rare (0–10%)              Negligible   Negligible
3. Degradation of native vegetation through past grazing or loss of nutrients                                      Almost certain (91–100%)  Extreme      Extreme
4. Degradation of native vegetation through current or future grazing                                              Possible (26–50%)         Moderate     Medium
6. Predation by rodents                                                                                            Rare (0–10%)              Negligible   Negligible
7. Predation by cats                                                                                               Rare (0–10%)              Negligible   Negligible
8. Predation or damage by chickens                                                                                 Rare (0–10%)              Negligible   Negligible
9. Predation by swamphens                                                                                          Rare (0–10%)              Negligible   Negligible
10. Predation by Argentine ant                                                                                     Rare (0–10%)              Negligible   Negligible
11. Competition from/change of habitat because of weed invasion                                                    Likely