Document ID: chunk:federal_register_of_legislation:F2025C00050:body:0:p301
Version: federal_register_of_legislation:F2025C00050
Segment Type: other
Provision Reference: 
Character Range: 1047746–1051562

position when flying:
(i)             at low level (500 ft AGL); and
(ii)            between (approximately) 2,000 and 10,000 ft; and
(iii)          over mountainous terrain, coastal areas, densely populated and sparsely populated areas.
2.5.2              Chart preparation and selection (practice):
(a)           draw tracks, track error lines, time/distance markings; and
(b)           given a route – select WAC(s) and appropriate AIP 'visual charts'.
2.5.3              With reference to a planned or given track and given appropriate data:
(a)           determine track made good (TMG); and
(b)           calculate drift; and
(c)           determine alteration of heading or HDG(M) to:
(i)             parallel track; and
(ii)            intercept track at a nominated point; and
(iii)          maintain track once track is intercepted; and
(d)           revise/confirm estimates or ETA using latest ground speed or time/distance proportion; and
(e)           establish a DR position using latest TR and GS; and
(f)             using a map plotter, employ mental dead reckoning and proportional techniques to solve inflight navigational problems, including:
(i)             mentally apply the 1 in 60 rule; and
(ii)            mentally revise estimates/ETA's; and
(iii)          estimate TR and ETI to a selected diversion point.
2.6                    Radio navigation aids
2.6.1              Extract NDB and VOR information from ERSA or ERC and state the rated coverage of a VOR up to 10,000 ft.
2.7                    Area navigation systems
2.7.1              Types of systems:
(a)           external sensor systems:
(i)             VOR/DME;
(ii)            GNSS.
2.7.2              General principles:
(a)           inputs required:
(i)             air data inputs;
(ii)            other inputs;
(b)           outputs generated:
(i)             types of outputs;
(ii)            uses.
2.7.3              RNAV systems:
(a)           principle of VOR/DME area navigation (RNAV);
(b)           advantages and disadvantages;
(c)           limitations and restrictions:
(i)             errors, accuracy, reliability;
(ii)            coverage;
(iii)          range.
(d)           typical control panel.
2.7.4              Reserved:
2.7.5              Satellite navigation systems:
(a)           principle of GNSS navigation:
(i)             elements of GNSS (for example, GPS, GLONASS);
(b)           advantages and disadvantages;
(c)           limitations and restrictions:
(i)             errors, accuracy, reliability;
(ii)            coverage;
(iii)          range;
(d)           typical control panel;
(e)           approvals for IFR Navigation;
(f)             GNSS system enhancements (for example, DGNSS, GLS, WAAS).
2.7.6              Updating area navigation systems:
(a)           need for updating position;
(b)           requirements for updating:
(i)             manual inserting;
(ii)            automatic updating;
(iii)          inhibiting updating;
(c)           common indications when system updates position.

Unit 1.7.2                                   CNVC:  CPL navigation – all aircraft categories

1.                       Reserved

2.                       Navigation
2.1                    Form of the earth
2.1.1              Explain the following terms listed in (a) to (g):
(a)           the shape and rotation of the earth; and
(b)           latitude, longitude; and
(c)           equator, Greenwich meridian; and
(d)           great circles, small circles, rhumb lines; and
(e)           difference between true and magnetic north; and
(f)             terrestrial magnetism, magnetic variation and the change in variation with time; and
(g)           distance on the earth i.e. relationship between a minute of latitude and a nautical mile; and, if applicable, their effect on: