Document ID: chunk:federal_register_of_legislation:F2025L00287:reg:3:p136
Version: federal_register_of_legislation:F2025L00287
Segment Type: reg
Provision Reference: reg 3 (pt 136/276)
Character Range: 533579–536425

Non-statutory Listing Status: Described as Critically Endangered in the Action Plan for Australian Birds 2020 (Garnett & Baker 2021).
Approved Conservation Advice: 15/07/2016 (TSSC 2016a).

Distribution and abundance
The Norfolk Island green parrot was a common forest bird when Norfolk Island was discovered in the late 1700s; however, by the late 1970s, fewer than 50 individuals remained and the population was restricted to the national park (Schodde et al. 1983; Hermes et al. 1986; Hill 2002).
In 1983, the Government Conservator commenced a captive breeding program, which was followed by sustained rat and cat control as well as artificial nest construction (Hicks & Greenwood 1989). Over 15 years, between 1987 and 2002, approximately 250 chicks fledged successfully, and sightings became common. However, following a period of no active management between 2007 and 2013, a survey indicated the population had declined to between 42 and 96 individuals, of which only 10 were confirmed adult females (Ortiz-Catedral 2013). As a result of renewed efforts to provide rat‑ and cat-proof nests and intensify control of rats and cats, nest success increased substantially (Ortiz-Catedral et al. 2018) and the population increased to an estimated 438 (SE ± 168) in 2017 (Skirrow 2019). However, it should be noted that there are large confidence intervals around this estimate, and while there certainly appears to have been population growth, the rate of increase and current population size are not clear (Macgregor et al. 2021).
The Mt Pitt section of Norfolk Island National Park remains a stronghold for the species, but there is growing anecdotal evidence that its range has increased substantially, and Norfolk Island green parrots are now regularly seen in areas well outside of the national park boundary.
The distribution is shown in Map 18.
Map 18 Distribution of Cyanoramphus cookii
The stronghold for the Norfolk Island green parrot is within the shaded area; however, its range extends across Norfolk Island (Director of National Parks 2010, NIRC 2020).

Ecology
Breeds in all months of the year. Hicks and Greenwood (1990) reported a peak between December to March; more recent data from 2013–20 indicate a peak from January to June (Director of National Parks unpublished). Average clutch size is six eggs (1–8; Hicks & Greenwood 1989; Director of National Parks unpublished), and individual pairs can successfully fledge young up to four times in a single year (Hill 2002). Similar to other Cyanoramphus species, females incubate the eggs and undertake most of the chick feeding, while males provide food for nesting females (Greene 2003; Ortiz-Catedral et al. 2009).
Nests in hollows of living trees often within two metres of the ground or at ground level among tree roots. Adults return to the same nest site each season but