Document ID: chunk:federal_register_of_legislation:F2023L01376:reg:3:p10
Version: federal_register_of_legislation:F2023L01376
Segment Type: reg
Provision Reference: reg 3 (pt 10/13)
Character Range: 111439–114403

Tondoon Botanic Gardens in Gladstone which will act as an ex-situ gene bank for the species. However, full establishment and maintenance of these populations until they are self-sustaining is expected to take a decade or more. In the interim, wildfire, disease and inappropriate fire regimes remain as significant threats to the survival of M. jansenii. The increase in the numbers of wild pig in the Bulburin National Park and their destructive actions in rooting for food is also a threat to this species. Due to the isolation of this species from other Macadamia, seed collection for use in planting projects and storage in seed banks will aid conservation.
The impacts of climate change are predicted to be relatively severe for rainforest habitats in Bulburin National Park due to the area experiencing low precipitation and high temperature regimes relative to the same forest communities occupied by the other three Macadamia species (Powell, unpublished data). Extended drought conditions exacerbated by rising temperatures from climate change may facilitate conditions for more frequent and/or more intense fires that could lead to loss of the rainforest mantle that protects the existing population. Lantana is also found in canopy breaks downstream of the source population but is not currently threatening individual trees.

Macadamia ternifolia
The core distribution of M. ternifolia prior to clearing is located in the Sunshine Coast hinterland. These areas have been heavily cleared for agriculture with less than 20% of the species' former habitat remaining there (Powell et al. in press). Remnants are highly fragmented and often prone to weed invasion. In the remnant landscape M. ternifolia is also frequently found in riparian and riverine corridors, which themselves have been extensively cleared for agriculture and subsequent urban development, especially in the Sunshine Coast lowlands. Remnant riparian rainforests are prone to invasion by weed trees such as camphor laurel and weed vines such as cat's claw creeper and Madeira vine on disturbed margins and edges. Many remnants are often too narrow to be mapped at 1:50,000 scale which places constraints on identification of habitat areas. Enhancing habitat linkages and providing appropriate management and protection of small linkage populations is considered important for maintenance of meta-population structure. Habitat in southern and western areas of the species distribution such as the Samford and upper Mary River valleys have also been extensively cleared for pasture, cropping and forestry, however, the species is present within reserve areas at elevations up to 700 m ASL in the Conondale National Park.
Excepting for those populations located within the Conondale National Park, there are no known large areas of contiguous habitat containing populations of M. ternifolia. Populations are generally small numbering less than 25 adult individuals and are more distant from