Document ID: chunk:federal_register_of_legislation:F2018L01173:body:0:p11
Version: federal_register_of_legislation:F2018L01173
Segment Type: other
Provision Reference: 
Character Range: 27974–31083

A safety management system includes the following key elements:
       A safety and environmental protection policy
       Instructions and procedures to ensure safe operation of ships and protection of the environment in compliance with relevant international and flag state legislation
       Defined levels of authority and lines of communication between, and amongst, shore and shipboard personnel
       Procedures for reporting incidents and non-compliance
       Emergency response procedures
       Procedures for internal audits and management reviews

   3.      The general working environment

3.1              Housekeeping and hygiene
Good housekeeping practices should be implemented to control risks on vessels.
       Minor deficiencies in the ship structure, equipment or furnishings (for example, protruding nails and screws, loose fittings and handles, uneven and damaged flooring) may contribute to cuts, bruises, trips and falls. They should be repaired as soon as they are noticed.
       Ropes and wires are frequently under strain during mooring operations and seafarers should, as much as possible, always stand in a place of safety from whiplash should ropes or wires break.
       The stowage and dispersal of deck or machinery equipment should be well planned and organised so that each item has its proper place.
       Seafarers should always stand clear of any load being lifted and should not walk near or underneath any load being lifted, or while it is suspended.
       Loose items that may create a hazard from potential vessel movement should be properly secured
       Electrical cables are stowed away from walkways and wet areas
       Litter presents a fire risk and may cause slips, falls or conceal other hazards. It must be disposed of in compliance with Marine Order 95 (Marine pollution prevention – garbage)[9]
High standards of personal cleanliness and hygiene should be maintained at all times. Seafarers should protect their own health and safety by ensuring:
       they have relevant up-to-date vaccinations and inoculations;
       small cuts and abrasions are treated immediately;
       precautions are taken to avoid insect bites. In particular, anti-malaria precautions should be taken before, during and after the ship visits ports where malaria is known to exist.

3.2              Air quality
Emissions from plant and substances in ships' holds and storage areas may create hazardous atmospheres. Where there is a likelihood of reduced air quality that may affect health and safety, for example contaminated, oxygen-deficient or explosive atmospheres, a risk assessment should be carried out and relevant control measures implemented. Control measures may include:
       providing measures for detecting hazardous atmospheres
       providing natural or mechanical ventilation to prevent accumulation of harmful concentrations of gases, fumes, vapours and fumigants
       eliminating use of combustion-powered plant or equipment in poorly ventilated spaces e.g. by using electric forklift trucks
       managing the length of