Document ID: chunk:federal_register_of_legislation:F2016C01080:clause:1_2
Version: federal_register_of_legislation:F2016C01080
Segment Type: clause
Provision Reference: sch 1 cl 2
Character Range: 35543–37367

2  Description
  In 1995, four islands, a nunatak and a breeding ground for Emperor penguins were classified as an Antarctic Specially Protected Area (Measure 3 (1995), XIX ATCM, Seoul) because they were a representative example of terrestrial Antarctic ecosystems from a biological, geological and aesthetics perspective. A species of marine mammal, the Weddell seal (Leptonychotes weddelli), and various species of birds breed in the area: Emperor penguin (Aptenodytes forsteri); Antarctic skua (Catharacta maccormicki); Adélie penguins (Pygoscelis adeliae); Wilson's petrel (Oceanites oceanicus); southern giant petrel (Macronectes giganteus); Snow petrel (Pagodrama nivea); Cape petrel (Daption capense).
  Well‑marked hills display asymmetrical transverse profiles with gently dipping northern slopes compared to the steeper southern ones. The terrain is affected by numerous cracks and fractures leading to very rough surfaces. The basement rocks consist mainly of sillimanite, cordierite and garnet‑rich gneisses which are intruded by abundant dikes of pink anatexites. The lowest parts of the islands are covered by morainic boulders with a heterogenous granulometry (from a few centimetres to more than a metre across).
  Long‑term research and monitoring programs of birds and marine mammals have been going on for a long time already (since 1952 or 1964 according to the species). A database implemented in 1981 is directed by the Centre d'Etudes Biologiques de Chize (CEBC‑CNRS). Human scientific presence may be estimated at around four people for a few hours, twice a month in the protected area.
  Among the approximately 30 Emperor penguin breeding sites on record, this is the only one located adjacent to a permanent station. It is therefore a providential spot to study this species and its environment.