Document ID: chunk:federal_register_of_legislation:F2025C00050:body:0:p250
Version: federal_register_of_legislation:F2025C00050
Segment Type: other
Provision Reference: 
Character Range: 867966–871871

the presence of engine ice; and
(b)           when engine ice has been cleared after application of 'carb heat'.
6.2.5              Explain the effect of using carburettor heat on aeroplanes fitted with a CSU.
6.2.6              Describe how power output is controlled when operating aeroplanes fitted with a variable pitch propeller and describe how engine instruments are used to monitor power.
6.2.7              List the precautions necessary if operating a variable pitch propeller when:
(a)           conducting ground checks; and
(b)           changing power (i.e. use of throttle/RPM levers).
6.3                    Undercarriage system
(a)           describe the purpose and function of the following:
             1.          oleos/shock struts;
             2.          shimmy dampers;
             3.         nose wheel steering/castering;
(b)           describe the purpose and function of the following retractable undercarriage components:
             1.          uplocks/downlocks;
             2.          anti-retraction devices;
             3.         aural/visual warning devices;
             4.         emergency systems;
             5.         free fall;
             6.         electric, hydraulic, pneumatic.

Unit 1.2.11 CAKH:  CPL aeronautical knowledge – helicopter

7.                       Reserved

8.                       Helicopter general knowledge
8.1                    Engine and transmission systems
8.1.1              For each of the following systems, explain its function and that of the major components listed below the system and state the indications that a pilot would observe if the system or one of the components malfunctioned:
(a)           exhaust driven supercharger systems (turbochargers):
             1.          compressors;
             2.          turbines;
             3.         waste gates;
(b)           main and tail rotor systems:
             1.          abnormal vibrations from main and tail rotor systems;
             2.          flight control systems;
             3.         trimming devices;
             4.         stabilisers;
(c)           transmissions:
             1.          clutches;
             2.          free-wheel units;
             3.         rotor brakes;
(d)           oil systems:
             1.          reservoirs;
             2.          pressure pumps and filters;
             3.         pressure gauges;
             4.         temperature gauges;
             5.         scavenge pumps;
             6.         oil coolers;
             7.        pressure relief valves;
             8.       oil cooler by-pass valves;
             9.         dipsticks.

Unit 1.2.12 CAKG:  CPL aeronautical knowledge – gyroplane

1. Propellers
1.1 Compare performance characteristics of various propeller and engine systems, including the following:
     (a) gyroplanes with fixed-pitch propellers and those fitted with a variable-pitch propeller;
     (b) engine operation (within limits) at high MP/low RPM and low MP/high RPM;
     (c) normally aspirated and turbocharged/supercharged engines.
1.2 Explain the following in relation to a variable-pitch propeller adopting either a full fine or full coarse pitch when the propeller oil pressure is lost:
     (a) centrifugal twisting moment (CTM) tends to reduce (fine) pitch;
     (b) counter weights, when used, increase (coarsen) pitch;
     (c) oil pressure is used to decrease pitch if counterweights are fitted;
     (d) oil pressure is used to increase pitch if counterweights are not fitted.
1.3 Describe the following terms:
     (a) blade angle, helix angle/pitch;
     (b) propeller thrust and torque;
     (c) thrust horsepower (THP);
     (d) brake horsepower (BHP).
1.4 Describe how a propeller converts engine power into thrust and explain what is meant by fine and coarse pitch stops.

2. Constant speed units (CSU)
2.1 Explain the principle of