Document ID: chunk:federal_register_of_legislation:F2018L00321:front:0:p17
Version: federal_register_of_legislation:F2018L00321
Segment Type: other
Provision Reference: 
Character Range: 45723–48772

as wildlife watching are a drawcard for people visiting marine parks. While enjoying the wildlife experience, it is important to be aware of the potential impacts of human presence on the natural behaviour of wildlife. Activities such as boating, camping, diving and snorkelling have the potential to impact marine park values directly through contact from collision or indirectly through changes in behaviour from disturbance. These activities may result in changes to wildlife behaviour such as nesting, breeding, feeding or resting, or may damage fragile marine environments e.g. reefs. Examples of habitats and species vulnerable to human disturbance include reef habitats, and species of dolphin and seabird.
Invasive species
Invasive species have the potential to impact on marine park values directly and indirectly. Potential sources of invasive species include vessel ballast and bilge water discharge, vessel biofouling, accidental or deliberate transport of species and land-based activities. Islands, reefs and other shallow-water ecosystems and native species are vulnerable to invasive species, from direct impacts such as predation or damage to important habitat e.g. nesting habitat, or indirect impacts such as competition with native species for habitat and food. Examples of habitats and species vulnerable to the impacts of invasive species include reef and island habitats and nesting seabirds.
Marine pollution
Marine and land-based activities have potential to result in marine pollution which may impact on marine park values. Pollution includes the emission of noise or light, marine debris (for example, plastics and lost fishing gear), and discharge of oil, chemicals or waste. Pollution can be detrimental to marine life, causing contamination of ecosystems, entanglement, or can be ingested by marine species. Examples of habitat, key ecological features and species vulnerable to marine pollution include island, reef, and other shallow-water habitats, Elizabeth and Middleton Reefs, and species of dolphin, whale and seabird.

Further information on pressures in the region is provided in the Marine bioregional plan for the Temperate East Marine Region (2012).
Figure 2.3 Direct use in the Temperate East Network

Management programs and actions in the Temperate East Network
As outlined in Part 1, the Director will proactively implement management programs and actions to protect marine parks from threats and pressures, to minimise damage, and to rehabilitate and improve the resilience of marine parks.
These management programs and actions will be implemented on a national scale across all Australian Marine Parks. In addition, specific actions will be undertaken in the Temperate East Network. Table 2.3 outlines the management programs and actions likely to be undertaken in the Temperate East Network. These programs and actions may change during the life of this plan as new information and approaches become available. Additional actions will be developed in partnership with stakeholders through a network