Document ID: chunk:federal_register_of_legislation:F2022L00195:reg:3:p4
Version: federal_register_of_legislation:F2022L00195
Segment Type: reg
Provision Reference: reg 3 (pt 4/11)
Character Range: 24543–27227

north and have greater canopy cover are up to 7C cooler than those that face south or have little cover (Isaac et al., 2008).

3.2.4             Breeding
The Mahogany Glider has a distinct breeding season that occurs in the drier months between April and October, during which, 1 or 2 young are born (Jackson, 2000a). Field studies suggest that all adult females breed each year, with an average litter size of 1.55. Typically, only 1 litter is raised per year, although a second litter may be raised if the first 1 is lost before leaving the pouch, or potentially if breeding occurs early in the year (Jackson, 2000a). The natality rate (number of young per year) is 2.09. The young are weaned at 4 to 5 months of age during the wet season, when there is more insect food available and sexual maturity occurs at 12 to 18 months of age; they are estimated to live until approximately 5 to 6 years of age (Jackson, 2000a; 2008; Booth et al., 2019).

3.2.5             Gliding
The Mahogany Glider traverses its home-range by gliding between trees, using a well-developed gliding membrane (or patagium) that extends along each side of the body from the fifth finger of each manus to each ankle (Jackson, 2000d; Jackson & Schouten, 2012). Using this gliding membrane, individuals have been observed to glide an average of 30 m per glide, although the longest glide recorded is 60 m (Jackson, 2000c).
Direct observations of Mahogany Gliders have found them able to glide over gaps in their habitat including tracks, roads and powerline corridors, as long as the trees on each side of the gap are tall enough to allow a complete glide and landing (Jackson & Schouten, 2012). Other observations suggest that males are more likely to cross gaps in their habitat than females (Asari et al., 2010).

3.2.6             Behaviour
The Mahogany Glider is nocturnal and the amount of time spent active each night throughout the year ranges from 8.0 to 10.1 hrs (or 63% to 80% of the night), which does not change significantly between the wet and dry seasons. Throughout the night they typically have only one continuous period of activity, although individuals have been observed to return to their dens during the night for a mean of 85 minutes (range from 28 to 124 minutes), with mean entrance and exit times at 22:59 hours and 00:25 hours, respectively (Jackson & Johnson, 2002).
Although Mahogany Gliders typically occur as pairs, solitary animals also occur that appear to be primarily males, suggesting that the adult population is slightly male biased (Jackson, 2000a). Individual animals within socially monogamous pairs generally forage apart and do not den together every night, as they