Document ID: chunk:federal_register_of_legislation:F2017L00094:schedule:4:p2
Version: federal_register_of_legislation:F2017L00094
Segment Type: schedule
Provision Reference: sch 4 (pt 2/3)
Character Range: 18881–21758

that are not heat treated and not intended for human consumption.
 The import policy for bait for aquatic use, pet fish food and aquaculture feed products, containing uncooked prawns and uncooked prawn meat, requires gamma irradiation to a level of 50kGy at an on-shore facility approved by the Department. This is a requirement even for product that has been irradiated prior to export at an overseas facility.
– On arrival irradiation at 50kGy is suitable in meeting Australia's ALOP for a wide range of animal biosecurity concerns. It is well above the necessary dose to mitigate risk of WSSV.
– The D10 value (the dose required to inactivate 90 per cent of relevant organisms) for WSSV is between 1.85 and 2.56kGy. Motamedi-Sedeh et al. (2015) and (2017) recommended a radiation dose of 13-15kGy to ensure that the vast majority of viral bodies are inactivated.
 On-shore Class 4.2 facilities approved for gamma irradiation treatment of imported goods by the department are located in New South Wales, Queensland, Victoria, and Western Australia. These facilities operate under an Approved Arrangement and the goods are considered to be under biosecurity control until they have been treated. Auditing is regularly performed at each of the facilities to ensure that there are current standard operating procedures for the calibration and maintenance of instruments and equipment. Auditing also includes verifying that all equipment associated with the irradiation of goods is fitted with a measuring device (e.g. a dosimeter) which can record the level of irradiation applied to a product and the storage of goods subject to quarantine is appropriate.
 Irradiation significantly reduces the likelihood of entry of WSSV in imported bait for aquatic use, pet fish food and aquaculture feed, containing uncooked prawns and uncooked prawn meat. Therefore, the level of risk associated with these goods falls within Australia's ALOP.

References:
 Chang, Y.S., Lo, C.F., Peng, S.E., Liu, K.F., Wang, C.H. & Kou, G.H. 2002. White spot syndrome virus (WSSV) PCR-positive Artemia cysts yield PCR-negative nauplii that fail to transmit WSSV when fed to shrimp postlarvae. Diseases of Aquatic Organisms 49, 1-10.
 Durand, S.V., Tang, K.F.J. & Lightner, D.V. 2000. Frozen Commodity Shrimp: Potential Avenue for Introduction of White Spot Syndrome Virus and Yellow Head Virus. Journal of Aquatic Animal Health 12(1), 128-135.
 Hasson, K.W., Fan, Y., Reisinger, T., Venuti, J. & Varner, P.W. 2006. White-spot syndrome virus (WSSV) introduction into the Gulf of Mexico and Texas freshwater systems through imported, frozen bait-shrimp. Diseases of Aquatic Organisms 71, 91-100.
 Li, Q., Zhang, J., Chen, Y. & Yang, F. 2003. White spot syndrome virus (WSSV) infectivity for Artemia at different developmental stages. Diseases of Aquatic Organisms 57, 261-264.
 Motamedi-Sedeh, F.,