Document ID: chunk:federal_register_of_legislation:F2025C00050:body:0:p307
Version: federal_register_of_legislation:F2025C00050
Segment Type: other
Provision Reference: 
Character Range: 1069305–1073104

on air density.
2.2.4              Calculate ISA temperature and pressure height.
2.2.5              Explain the meaning of the following terms:
(a)           height;
(b)           elevation;
(c)           altitude;
(d)           QNH;
(e)           QFE.
2.3                    Clouds and precipitation
2.3.1              Identify and classify clouds according to height and the 10 genera forms.
2.3.2              Recall the standard abbreviation for each cloud type, and the method used to report cloud amount.
2.3.3              Describe the weather associated with each cloud type.
2.4                    Visibility
2.4.1              Determine visibility from either visual sighting or met forecast.
2.4.2              List meteorological factors that will reduce inflight visibility.
2.5                    Winds – general
2.5.1              Describe the relationship between pressure and wind and apply Buys Ballot's law to assess the approximate location of high and low pressure systems.
2.5.2              Differentiate between:
(a)           squalls and gusts; and
(b)           backing and veering.
2.5.3              Compare surface and gradient winds in terms of direction and strength.
2.5.4              List the 'factors' that effect the diurnal variation of wind and describe typical 'variations' in surface wind strength during a 24-hour period.
2.6                    Air masses and fronts
2.6.1              Describe typical 'flying weather' associated with the following using the factors described in subclause 2.6.2:
(a)           cold fronts;
(b)           warm fronts;
(c)           wave depressions;
(d)           occluded fronts;
(e)           tropical cyclones;
(f)             the equatorial trough.
2.6.2              For subclause 2.6.1, 'flying weather' embraces the following:
(a)           temperature (warmer/colder);
(b)           wind changes (back/veer, stronger/weaker);
(c)           stability and turbulence;
(d)           cloud type and approximate amount, precipitation.
2.7                    Flight considerations
2.7.1              With respect to the phenomena listed below (i) – (vi):
(a)           state the conditions favourable to their development and, where applicable, their dispersal;
(b)           recognise signs which may indicate their presence;
(c)           describe their effect on flight characteristics where applicable, state the pilot actions required to minimise their effect on an aircraft in flight:
(i)             turbulence;
(ii)            windshear;
(iii)          mountain waves;
(iv)          land and sea breezes;
(v)           thunderstorms;
(vi)          downdrafts associated with terrain and cloud.
2.7.2              State/select the conditions under which it is mandatory to obtain a forecast.
2.7.3              For information contained in an ARFOR, TAF, TTF, METAR, SPECI, AIRMET or SIGMET, do the following:
(a)           explain the coded information in plain language;
(b)           decide whether a particular forecast is valid for a flight;
(c)           apply the information to planning and conducting a flight.
2.7.4              List the conditions that require a pilot to submit a short AIREP.

Unit 1.8.3                                   CMTC:  CPL meteorology – all aircraft categories

1.                       Reserved

2.                       Meteorology
2.1                    Composition of the atmosphere
2.1.1              Describe the process of incoming solar radiation and outgoing terrestrial radiation and the factors that affect them.
2.1.2              Explain the processes by which the sun's energy is redistributed within the atmosphere and explain:
(a)           conduction;
(b)           advection;
(c)           convection;
(d)           latent heat;
(e)           radiation.
2.2