Document ID: chunk:federal_register_of_legislation:F2024L00930:front:0:p4
Version: federal_register_of_legislation:F2024L00930
Segment Type: other
Provision Reference: 
Character Range: 12704–16404

and Habitat Critical to the Survival (reproduction BIA) in western Australia.......37
Figure 7 A southern right whale off western Victoria in 2021 with rope entangled around the tail stock.......41
Figure 8 A Southern right whale mother and calf at Head of Bight (SA) in 2016 with evidence of vessel strike.......48
Figure 9 A southern right whale mother and calf responding to surfers at Manly Beach (NSW) with a tail flick in August 2020.......50

Glossary
Term                                                      Definition
Action                                                    An 'Action' is defined broadly in the EPBC Act and includes: a project, a development, an undertaking, an activity or a series of activities, or an alteration of any of these things. Actions encompass site preparation and construction, operation and maintenance, and closure and completion stages of a project, as well as alterations or modifications to existing infrastructure.
Adaptive management                                       A systematic process for continually improving management practices through learning from the outcomes of previous management. It includes a monitoring, evaluation, reporting and improvement cycle.
Aggregation                                               A distinctly clumped or clustered pattern in the distribution of animals.
Auditory impairment                                       A form of noise induced hearing loss where a temporary or permanent reduction in the hearing sensitivity of an individual due to noise exposure affects the ability to hear and discriminate sounds.
                                                          Spatially and temporally defined areas of the marine environment used by protected species for carrying out critical life functions. These are areas known, or likely, to be regularly or repeatedly used by individuals or aggregations of a species, stock, or population for reproduction, feeding, migration or resting.

Biologically Important Area (BIA)
Biologically important behaviour                          Behaviour associated with critical life functions (e.g., reproduction, foraging, migration, resting).
Cumulative effects                                        An incremental effect of an action when added to other past, present, and reasonably foreseeable future actions that results in a greater combined effect.
Cumulative exposure                                       The combined exposure to one stressor from multiple sources or pathways.
Cumulative risk                                           The combined risk from exposures to multiple stressors integrated over a defined relevant period (e.g., hours, a day or season).
Demography                                                The study of the characteristics of populations to assess status and extinction risk by measuring and quantifying standardized metrics common to all populations, such as size, density, fecundity, mortality, sex ratio, and age structure.
Disturbance                                               Behavioural changes in response to an activity that can result in disruption to biologically important behaviours (i.e., reproduction, foraging, migration, resting).
Effect                                                    Change caused by an exposure to an anthropogenic activity that is a departure from a prior baseline state, condition, or situation.
Habitat critical to the survival (HCTS)                   Areas that are necessary to a species: for activities including foraging, breeding, roosting, or dispersal; for the long-term maintenance of the species or ecological community; to maintain genetic diversity and long-term