Document ID: chunk:federal_register_of_legislation:F2025L00287:reg:3:p232
Version: federal_register_of_legislation:F2025L00287
Segment Type: reg
Provision Reference: reg 3 (pt 232/276)
Character Range: 849698–854062

grouping. The risk assessment is shown in Table 127.
Table 127 Risk assessment for Vulnerable trees/shrubs as a grouping
Risk                                                                                                               Likelihood of exposure    Consequence  Threat rating
1. Loss and fragmentation of native vegetation through past land clearing                                          Almost certain (91–100%)  Extreme      Extreme
2. Loss and fragmentation of native vegetation through current or future land clearing                             Rare (0–10%)              Negligible   Negligible
3. Degradation of native vegetation through past grazing or loss of nutrients                                      Almost certain (91–100%)  Extreme      Extreme
4. Degradation of native vegetation through current or future grazing                                              Possible (26–50%)         Moderate     Medium
6. Predation by rodents                                                                                            Almost certain (91–100%)  Moderate     High
7. Predation by cats                                                                                               Rare (0–10%)              Negligible   Negligible
8. Predation or damage by chickens                                                                                 Rare (0–10%)              Negligible   Negligible
9. Predation by swamphens                                                                                          Rare (0–10%)              Negligible   Negligible
10. Predation by Argentine ant                                                                                     Possible (26–50%)         Minor        Low
11. Competition from/change of habitat because of weed invasion                                                    Likely (51–90%)           Minor        Medium
12. Infection by pathogens already present                                                                         Possible (26–50%)         Moderate     Medium
13. Impacts of potential new invasive species or pathogens                                                         Unlikely (11–25%)         Minor        Low
14. Changes to vegetation, increased fire risk and/or direct physiological stress as a result of climatic changes  Possible (26–50%)         Moderate     Medium
15. Problems caused by small populations, including lack of genetic diversity                                      Unlikely (11–25%)         Minor        Low

Management actions
Continue propagation and planting in suitable areas. Undertake targeted weed control and maintenance, with a focus on P. undulatum. Implement habitat protection and rehabilitation.

Recovery target
The recovery target is shown in Table 128.
Table 128 Recovery target for Pittosporum bracteolatum
EPBC Act status  Estimated population (2023)  Where known populations occur  2034 target
Vulnerable       1349                         >80% within the national park  3000
                                              >15% within the Reserves

Relevant literature
Cayzer LW, Crisp MD & Telford IRH (2000) A revision of Pittosporum (Pittosporaceae) in Australia. Systematic Journal of Botany 13, 845–902.
Christian NE & Mills K (2021) Vegetation Mapping of Norfolk Island 2021. Unpublished data.
Invasive Species Council & TierraMar (2021) The Native Plant Communities of Norfolk Island. Invasive Species Council, Katoomba, NSW.
Mills K (2017e) Survey of public reserves on Norfolk Island for threatened plant species: 7. Hundred Acres Reserve. Prepared for Norfolk Island Regional Council.
Orchard A (ed) (1994) Flora of Australia. Vol. 49. Oceanic Islands 1. Australian Government Publishing Service, Canberra.
TSSC (Threatened Species Scientific Committee) (2003b) Commonwealth Listing Advice for Norfolk Island Flora - 15 Vulnerable Species.

Planchonella costata—bastard ironwood
Family SAPOTACEAE

Conservation significance
Norfolk Island and New Zealand.
EPBC Act Listing Status: Endangered

Description
A small tree to 15m tall, which produces large (2.5–4 cm) multi-coloured berries and exudes a sticky white latex when wounded.

Distribution and abundance
Planchonella costata has been recorded from the slopes of Mt Pitt in the Norfolk Island National Park (Orchard 1994), in the Mission