Document ID: chunk:federal_register_of_legislation:F2025L00287:reg:3:p192
Version: federal_register_of_legislation:F2025L00287
Segment Type: reg
Provision Reference: reg 3 (pt 192/276)
Character Range: 708998–712543

Historical records suggest Coprosoma baueri may have always been rare (Gilmour & Helman 1989b). It occurs along the sea cliffs and slopes of Norfolk Island and on the higher parts of Phillip Island in cliff edge shrubland (Mills 2009b).
There were 228 mature individuals present in 2003 (TSSC 2003c).
In 2008 Mills (2009b) recorded 446 plants on Phillip Island. Surveys of the reserves in 2017 recorded five plants in Headstone Reserve, seven plants in Kingston Common, two plants in Two Chimneys Reserve, and 31 in Selwyn Reserve (Mills 2017c, d and g).
The population had increased to 708 individuals in 2021. Propagation and planting have occurred through the Norfolk Island National Park threatened flora program.
The distribution is shown in Map 31.

Ecology
Dioecious with wind-pollinated flowers and bird-dispersed seeds. The species can grow in areas affected by salt spray.

Habitat
Grows within coastal pine and white oak forest, coastal white oak shrubland, and coastal flax communities (Invasive Species Council & TierraMar 2021), as well as on cliffs and other locations on the coast. The species can be extensively chewed by insects. On Phillip Island, it grows mainly on the coastal cliffs, and the healthiest plants exist in areas of loose soil fertilised by wedge-tailed shearwaters (Ardenna pacifica) nesting on the cliffs (Sykes & Atkinson 1988).

Threats
C. baueri is threatened by drought on Phillip Island and by its small population size, which leads to an increased risk of extinction through natural events such as cyclones, slips and drought. Weed invasion and competition is also a threat. Possible hybridisation could occur with the introduced species C. repens (Sykes & Atkinson 1988). Phytophthora cinnamomi is potentially a major risk.
Map 31 Distribution of Coprosma baueri
Green outlines indicate reserves within which the species occurs. Green shading shows plant communities within which the species may occur (Christian & Mills 2021). Points show recorded locations (Mills2009b and Mills 2017c d and g).

Impact on other species
None known.

Risk assessment
Risk assessment undertaken for Endangered trees/shrubs as a grouping. The risk assessment is shown in Table 79.
Table 79 Risk assessment for Endangered trees/shrubs as a grouping
Risk                                                                                                               Likelihood of exposure    Consequence  Threat rating
1. Loss and fragmentation of native vegetation through past land clearing                                          Almost certain (91–100%)  Extreme      Extreme
2. Loss and fragmentation of native vegetation through current or future land clearing                             Rare (0–10%)              Negligible   Negligible
3. Degradation of native vegetation through past grazing or loss of nutrients                                      Almost certain (91–100%)  Extreme      Extreme
4. Degradation of native vegetation through current or future grazing                                              Possible (26–50%)         Moderate     Medium
6. Predation by rodents                                                                                            Almost certain (91–100%)  Moderate     High
7. Predation by cats                                                                                               Rare (0–10%)              Negligible   Negligible
8. Predation or damage by chickens                                                                                 Likely (51–90%)