Document ID: chunk:federal_register_of_legislation:F2025L00287:reg:3:p234
Version: federal_register_of_legislation:F2025L00287
Segment Type: reg
Provision Reference: reg 3 (pt 234/276)
Character Range: 857616–860840

Possible (26–50%)         Moderate     Medium
15. Problems caused by small populations, including lack of genetic diversity                                      Likely (51–90%)           Major        High

Management actions
Continue propagation and planting in suitable areas. Implement habitat protection and rehabilitation. Undertake ongoing targeted weed control and maintenance to promote natural regeneration.

Recovery target
The recovery target is shown in Table 130.
Table 130 Recovery target for Planchonella costata
EPBC Act status  Estimated population (2023)  Where known populations occur  2034 target
Endangered       251                          >95% within the national park  1000
                                              <1% within public reserves

Relevant literature
Mills K (2012b) The Flora of Norfolk Island. Report 14. The Endangered Plants in the national park: Field Survey and Review. Kevin Mills & Associates, Jamberoo, NSW.
Mills K (2017e) Survey of public reserves on Norfolk Island for threatened plant species: 7. Hundred Acres Reserve. Prepared for Norfolk Island Regional Council.
Orchard A (ed) (1994) Flora of Australia. Vol. 49. Oceanic Islands 1. Australian Government Publishing Service, Canberra.
Sykes W & Atkinson I (1988) Rare and Endangered Plants of Norfolk Island. Unpublished report to the Australian National Parks and Wildlife Service, Norfolk Island.
TSSC (Threatened Species Scientific Committee) (2003c) Commonwealth Listing Advice for Norfolk Island Flora – 16 Endangered Species.

Polyphlebium endlicherianum—middle filmy fern
Family HYMENOPHYLLACEAE

Conservation significance
Australian distribution is restricted to Norfolk Island and Queensland. Also known from New Zealand, Fiji and Vanuatu, east to Samoa and Tahiti.
EPBC Act Listing Status: Endangered.
For further information on the species outside of the Norfolk Island Group, see the species profile on SPRAT.

Description
Delicate epiphytic, lithophytic or terrestrial fern with small fronds growing to 10cm long.

Distribution and abundance
There were fewer than 200 mature individuals in the wild recorded on Norfolk Island in the 1990s (Braggins 1996). The species was present in and apparently restricted to the rocky stream banks of Broken Bridge Creek and its tributaries.
Mills (2012b) found the species in 15 colonies in three valleys where it was growing on moist rocks, usually with other small ferns, particularly the large filmy fern Cephalomanes bauerianum. An earlier survey located 36 colonies during a search of the majority of valleys in Norfolk Island National Park (Mills 2007).
In Queensland, the species has been recorded at Kauri Creek, Tinaroo Hills, and Maalan State Forest, Atherton Tableland (Bostock & Spokes 1998).
The distribution within the Norfolk Island Group is shown in Map 57.

Ecology
Epiphytic (grows on, but is not parasitic on, other plants), lithophytic (grows on rocks and cliffs) or terrestrial (grows on the ground) in habit.

Habitat
Grows in moist, humid, shaded forest valleys, often beside waterfalls.

Threats
Threats to the species include drought/dry conditions due to climate change, changes to stream hydrology in the national park, and weed invasion