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systems and changes in penal philosophy in the Australian colonics
from 1788-1855.

KAVHA is important for its role in the evolution of the colonics of both Van
Dicmen's Land and New South Walcs. The buildings, archacological remains
and landforms of the First Scttlement illustrate British convict scttlement at the
beginning of Europcan occupation of Australia.

The design and layout, buildings, archacological remains, cnginccring works
and landscaping of the KAVHA Sccond Scttlement (1825-1855) demonstrate

the planning and operation of a nineteenth century penal settlement with a very
high degree of intcgrity.

Section 11: Appendices 1 71
Authorised Version F2016L01891 registered 09/12/2016

Jean Rice Architect | CONTEXT | GML Heritage

Commonwealth of Australia Gazette

No. S141, 1 August 2007

Criterion
(a) Continued
(b) the place has

(c)

(d)

outstanding heritage
value to the nation
because of the place's
possession of
uncommon, rare or
endangered aspects of
Australia's natural or
cultural history.

the place has
outstanding heritage
value to the nation
because of the place's
potential to yield
information that will
contribute to an
understanding of
Australia's natural or
cultural history.

the place has
outstanding heritage
value to the nation
because of the place's
importance in
demonstrating the
principal
characteristics of: (i)
a class of Australia's
natural or cultural
places; or (ii) a class
of Australia's natural
or cultural
environments.

Special Gazette 19

Values

KAVHA is an outstanding cxample of a place of severe punishment. It was
purposcfully established to be the extreme clement in the overall convict
management system. Its aim was to ercate fear and prevent crime and re-
offending. lt became known as 'hell in paradisc' for its brutal and sadistic
trcatment of inmates and this reputation spread beyond the colonics to Britain
and ultimatcly scrved to fucl the anti-transportation debate. The Second
Settlement buildings and archacological remains of the convict cstablishment,
the New Gaol, the Prisoners' Barracks, and the Crankmill demonstrate the
harshness and severity of the treatment of convicts.

KAVHA is uncommon as a place where a distinctive Polyncsian/Europcan
community has lived and practised their cultural traditions for over 150 ycars.
Aspects of the Third Scttlement period including the artefacts, archives,
Pitcairn language and ongoing usc of the Cemetery are of national
significance.

The KAVHA artefact collections, the buildings in their landscape sctting, the
archacological remains and the documentary records have significant potential
to contribute to understanding the living and working conditions of convicts,
the military and civil cstablishment, women and children, and changes in penal
practice and philosophy during the span of convict transportation.

KAVHA has rescarch potential to yicld information on pre-European
Polynesian culture, exploration and scttlement patterns.

KAVHA demonstrates the principal characteristics of a longstanding penal
settlement in its physical layout, governance arrangements, the management