Document ID: chunk:federal_register_of_legislation:F2025C00050:body:0:p49
Version: federal_register_of_legislation:F2025C00050
Segment Type: other
Provision Reference: 
Character Range: 164150–168187

simulated weather conditions.

 3.                     Underpinning knowledge of the following:
        1.        basic GNSS principles;
        2.        en route GNSS navigation principles;
        3.         dead-reckoning navigation;
        4.        navigate in featureless terrain and extended over-water flights;
        5.        diversion considerations and procedures;
        6.          maximum payload and minimum fuel operations.

RNE Radio navigation – en route

 1.                     Unit description
This unit describes the skills and knowledge required to navigate an aircraft using radio navigation aids and systems.

 1.                     Elements and performance criteria
     1.               RNE.1 – Operate and monitor radio navigation aids and systems
            1.        select and operate navigation aids and systems;
            2.        monitor and take appropriate action in relation to the integrity of navigation aid systems information.
     2.               RNE.2 – Navigate the aircraft using navigation aids and systems
            1.        determine aircraft position fix solely with reference to navigation aids and systems;
            2.        intercept tracks to and from navigation aids and systems;
            3.         maintain tracks within specified tolerances;
            4.        record, assess and revise timings as required;
            5.        recognise station passage.

 2.                     Range of variables
        1.        activities are performed in accordance with published procedures;
        2.        in an aircraft or an approved flight simulation training device;
        3.         azimuth and course deviation indicator display systems.

 3.                     Underpinning knowledge of the following:
        1.        tracking tolerances for radio navigation and GNSS aids;
        2.        for non-directional beacon (NDB):
               1.          effects of coastal refraction, night error, thunderstorms, mountainous areas, types of terrain and altitude of aircraft on NDB indications or range;
               2.         methods of selecting and using the most appropriate NDB for tracking during navigation;
               3.       NDB tracking techniques, procedures and limitations;
               4.       procedures for sector entry and holding using the NDB;
        3.         for VOR:
               1.          VOR instrument settings required to provide command indications when flying on given tracks both to and from the VOR;
               2.         VOR tracking techniques, procedures and limitations;
               3.       procedures for sector entry and holding using the VOR;
        4.        for global navigation satellite system (GNSS):
               1.          principles of operation, performance limitations and errors of a GNSS system;
               2.         methods of position fixing using a GNSS system;
               3.       GNSS operating procedures which provide safeguards against navigational error and loss of situational awareness;
               4.       GNSS operating procedures for typical navigational tasks using a specific type of aircraft equipment;
               5.         indications of waypoint passage;
               6.       GNSS operational and serviceability checks;
               7.      human factors limitations associated with the use of GNSS equipment;
               8.    requirements applicable to pilots and equipment for GNSS operations;
        5.        PBN specifications and requirements:
               1.          applicable navigation specifications for various airspace operations;
               2.         RNP tracking tolerances;
               3.       APV Baro – NAV;
               4.       radius to fix path terminators on RF legs;
               5.         equipment requirements;
               6.       system performance, monitoring and alert requirements;
               7.      circumstances in which a GNSS sensor is a primary RNP requirement.