Document ID: chunk:federal_register_of_legislation:F2025C00050:body:0:p246
Version: federal_register_of_legislation:F2025C00050
Segment Type: other
Provision Reference: 
Character Range: 853344–857312

actions a pilot should take in the event of a malfunction of an exhaust driven supercharger or waste gate and the likely indication of the malfunction.
2.1.2              Reserved.

Unit 1.2.6 PAKG::  PPL aeronautical knowledge – gyroplane

1. Power plants and systems
1.1 Rotor systems
    1.1.1 Describe the differences between the following rotor systems:
     (a) semirigid rotor;
     (b) articulated rotor.
    1.1.2 Explain each of the following terms in relation to a gyroplane rotor:
     (a) vectors acting on various sections of a rotor blade in flight;
     (b) rotational velocity;
     (c) pitch angle;
     (d) rotor force;
     (e) reverse flow;
     (f) axis of rotation;
     (g) state the relationship between CG position, rotor force and stability;
     (h) relationship of thrust line profile and CG.
1.2 Take-off and landing performance
    1.2.1 Differentiate between pressure height and density height.
    1.2.2 Describe how to use an altimeter to obtain:
     (a) pressure height of an aerodrome;
     (b) elevation of an aerodrome.
    1.2.3 Explain the following terms:
     (a) maximum structural take-off and landing weight;
     (b) climb weight limit.
    1.2.4 State the likely results of exceeding gyroplane weight limits.

Unit 1.2.7 PAKP:  PPL aeronautical knowledge – powered-lift – Reserved

Unit 1.2.8 PAKS:  PPL aeronautical knowledge – airship – Reserved

Unit 1.2.9 CAKC:  CPL aeronautical knowledge – all aircraft categories

3.                       Reserved

4.                       Aircraft general knowledge
4.1                    Power plants
4.1.1              Describe the purpose and principle of operation of a simple carburettor in terms of the following:
(a)           idling jets;
(b)           main jets;
(c)           acceleration jets.
4.1.2              State the precautions to be observed to avoid detonation when operating a supercharged engine.
4.1.3              Supercharging
(a)           state the purpose of supercharging;
(b)           list the types of superchargers for the following:
             1.          geared (mechanically driven:
             2.          turbo (exhaust driven);
(c)           state the purpose and function of the following components:
(i)             geared superchargers:
(ii)            impeller;
(A)          diffuser;
(iii)          turbo-chargers
(A)          compressor;
(B)          waste gate (fixed, manual and automatic).
4.2                    Aircraft systems
4.2.1              Explain the function of the following typical components mentioned in pilot operating handbooks:
(a)           fuel system components, including the following:
             1.          auxiliary/booster pump;
             2.          fuel drain;
             3.         fuel pressure gauge;
             4.         fuel flow gauge;
             5.         check valves;
(b)           lubrication system, including the following:
             1.          by-pass valves;
             2.          oil cooler;
             3.         wet sump system;
             4.         dip stick;
(c)           electrical and ignition systems, including the following:
             1.          alternator generator;
             2.          voltage regulator overvoltage relay;
             3.         ammeter voltmeter;
             4.         circuit breaker fuse;
             5.         battery ampere hours;
             6.         bus bar battery master switch;
             7.        starter motor starter relay;
             8.       dual ignition distributor ignition switch;
             9.         external power receptacle, ground/flight switch;
(d)           hydraulic system components, including the following:
             1.          accumulator;
             2.          actuators;
             3.         check valve restrictors;
(e)           typical fire protection detectors, including the following:
             1.          overheat – thermal switches;
             2.