Document ID: chunk:federal_register_of_legislation:F2019L00153:body:0:p55
Version: federal_register_of_legislation:F2019L00153
Segment Type: other
Provision Reference: 
Character Range: 168906–172123

abiotic factors that provides comparative assessment in the achievement of a restored / rehabilitated state.
Fabrication - (also referred to as 'creation'). A rehabilitation approach, based on construction techniques, where the degree of degradation means current conditions are no longer suitable for the pre-existing ecosystem and a different, locally occurring ecosystem is the best alternative. (Note: This refers to shifts in whole communities rather than in an individual species).
Framework species - are those species from the reference ecosystem that can facilitate recovery or establishment of other species from the reference ecosystem. These can be from any stratum or successional phase.
Full recovery - the state whereby all ecosystem attributes are reinstated to reference ecosystem levels. A state of S-star recovery may not yet exhibit full recovery but is on a trajectory to full recovery without further repair-phase intervention.
Functions, of an ecosystem - the collective term for the roles and processes which arise from interactions between living and non-living components of ecosystems. Examples include nutrient cycling and sequestration (through biomass accumulation, food production, herbivory, predation and decomposition), water filtration and cycling, soil formation, succession, disturbance regimes (fire, flooding and drying), water filtration and storage, provision of habitat, predation, dispersal, reproduction, disturbance and resilience.
Indicators of recovery - characteristics of an ecosystem that a manager identifies as being suitable for measuring the progress of restoration goals or objectives at a particular site (e.g. measures of biotic or abiotic components of the ecosystem).
Local indigenous reference ecosystem - an ecosystem comprising taxa (excluding invasive non-indigenous species) that are either known to have existed in the local area for very long timeframes or, species from neighbouring localities that are recently migrating (or being assisted in their migration as a result of sound science) due to changing climates. Where local evidence is lacking, regional or historical information can help inform the most probable local indigenous ecosystems.
Maintenance (of an ecosystem) - activities intended to counteract processes of ecological degradation to sustain the attributes of an ecosystem. In a conservation management context this is directed to maintaining the attributes associated with its pre-impairment state, recognising the intrinsic values of natural systems, not merely their usefulness to humans.
Management (of an ecosystem) - a broad categorisation that can include maintenance and repair of ecosystems (including restoration).
Mandatory restoration - restoration that is required (mandated) by a government agency, court of law or statutory authority.
Mitigation - the activity of reducing impacts upon the environment to the highest practicable extent, to maintain potential for conservation of biodiversity while pursuing ecologically sustainable production and ecologically sustainable lifestyles.
Natural regeneration - recruitment of species on sites after removal of causes of damage (threats) alone. Natural regeneration can be