Document ID: chunk:federal_register_of_legislation:F2022L01376:reg:7:p2
Version: federal_register_of_legislation:F2022L01376
Segment Type: reg
Provision Reference: reg 7 (pt 2/3)
Character Range: 4831–8489

or efforts to avoid external reminders (people, places, conversations, activities, objects, situations) that arouse distressing memories, thoughts, or feelings about or closely associated with the traumatic event(s); and
              D.                 Negative alterations in cognitions and mood associated with the traumatic event(s), beginning or worsening after the traumatic event(s) occurred, as evidenced by two (or more) of the following:
                 (i)            inability to remember an important aspect of the traumatic event(s) (typically due to dissociative amnesia and not to other factors such as head injury, alcohol, or drugs);
                 (ii)         persistent and exaggerated negative beliefs or expectations about oneself, others, or the world (for example, "I am bad", "None can be trusted", "The world is completely dangerous", "My whole nervous system is permanently ruined");
                 (iii)       persistent, distorted cognitions about the cause or consequences of the traumatic event(s) that lead the individual to blame himself/herself or others;
                 (iv)        persistent negative emotional state (for example, fear, horror, anger, guilt, or shame);
                 (v)          markedly diminished interest or participation in significant activities;
                 (vi)        feelings of detachment or estrangement from others; or
                 (vii)     persistent inability to experience positive emotions (for example, inability to experience happiness, satisfaction, or loving feelings); and
              E.                  Marked alterations in arousal and reactivity associated with the traumatic event(s), beginning or worsening after the traumatic event(s) occurred, as evidenced by two (or more) of the following:
                 (i)            irritable behaviour and angry outbursts (with little or no provocation) typically expressed as verbal or physical aggression toward people or objects;
                 (ii)         reckless or self-destructive behaviour;
                 (iii)       hypervigilance;
                 (iv)        exaggerated startle response;
                 (v)          problems with concentration; or
                 (vi)        sleep disturbance (for example, difficulty falling or staying asleep or restless sleep); and
              F.                   Duration of the disturbance (Criteria B, C, D, and E) is more than 1 month; and
              G.                 The disturbance causes clinically significant distress or impairment in social, occupational, or other important areas of functioning; and
              H.                 The disturbance is not attributable to the physiological effects of a substance (for example, medication, alcohol) or another medical condition.
Note: DSM-5-TR is defined in the Schedule 1 – Dictionary.

(3)          While posttraumatic stress disorder attracts ICD‑10‑AM code F43.1, in applying this Statement of Principles the meaning of posttraumatic stress disorder is that given in subsection (2).
(4)          For subsection (3), a reference to an ICD-10-AM code is a reference to the code assigned to a particular kind of injury or disease in The International Statistical Classification of Diseases and Related Health Problems, Tenth Revision, Australian Modification (ICD-10-AM), Tenth Edition, effective date of 1 July 2017, copyrighted by the Independent Hospital Pricing Authority, ISBN 978-1-76007-296-4.
Death from posttraumatic stress disorder
(5)          For the purposes of this Statement of Principles, posttraumatic stress disorder, in relation to a person, includes death from a