Document ID: chunk:federal_register_of_legislation:F2024L00447:front:0:p10
Version: federal_register_of_legislation:F2024L00447
Segment Type: other
Provision Reference: 
Character Range: 28637–31923

of the arithmetic mean of the squares of values and defined as:

              where:

              is the measured or calculated value

                is the number of values

              3.5.4. "Slope" of a linear regression () means:

              where:

              is the actual value of the reference parameter

              is the actual value of the parameter to be verified

              is the mean value of the reference parameter

              is the mean value of the parameter to be verified

               is the number of values

              3.5.5. "Standard error of estimate" () means:

              where:

              is the estimated value of the parameter to be verified

              is the actual value of the parameter to be verified

               is the number of values

              3.6. General

              3.6.1. "Cold start period" means the period from the test start as defined in paragraph 3.8.5. until the point when the vehicle has run for 5 minutes. If the coolant temperature is determined, the cold start period ends once the coolant is at least 70 °C for the first time but no later than 5 minutes after test start. In the case that measuring the coolant temperature is not feasible, on request of the manufacturer and with approval of the approval authority, instead of using the coolant temperature, the engine oil temperature may be used.

              3.6.2. "Criteria emissions" means those emission compounds for which limits are set in regional legislation.

              3.6.3. "Deactivated internal combustion engine" means an internal combustion engine for which one of the following criteria apply:

                  (a) The recorded engine speed is < 50 rpm;

                  (b) Or when the engine speed is not recorded, the exhaust mass flow rate is measured at < 3 kg/h.

              3.6.4. "Engine capacity" means either of the following:

                  (a) For reciprocating piston engines, the nominal engine swept volume;

                  (b) For rotary piston (Wankel) engines, double the nominal engine swept volume.

              3.6.5. "Engine control unit" means the electronic unit that controls various actuators to ensure the optimal performance of the engine.

              3.6.6. "Exhaust emissions" means the emission of gaseous, solid and liquid compounds from the tailpipe.

              3.6.7. "Extended factor" means a factor which accounts for the effect of extended ambient temperature or altitude conditions upon criteria emissions.

              3.7. Particles

              The term "particle" is conventionally used for the matter being characterised (measured) in the airborne phase (suspended matter), and the term "particulate" for the deposited matter.

              3.7.1. "Particle number emissions" (PN) means the total number of solid particles emitted from the vehicle exhaust quantified according to the dilution, sampling and measurement methods as specified in this regulation.

              3.8. Procedure

              3.8.1. "Cold start PEMS trip" means a trip with conditioning of the vehicle prior to the test as described in paragraph 8.3.2.

              3.8.2. "Hot start PEMS trip" means a trip without conditioning of the vehicle prior to