Document ID: chunk:federal_register_of_legislation:F2025L00287:reg:3:p196
Version: federal_register_of_legislation:F2025L00287
Segment Type: reg
Provision Reference: reg 3 (pt 196/276)
Character Range: 722507–726820

areas. On Phillip Island, it has been planted in the upper part of Long Valley (Mills 2009b). Abundant regeneration may take place following woody weed removal in the Mt Pitt section of the national park. The species has been planted in most of the public reserves.
The distribution is shown in Map 33.

Ecology
Little known.

Habitat
Grows in moist upland hardwood forest, pine-hardwood ridge forest, and lowland valley hardwood forest (Invasive Species Council & TierraMar 2021).

Threats
The main threats to Cordyline obtecta are cattle grazing and weed invasion and competition. Phytophthora cinnamomi is potentially a major risk.

Impact on other species
None known.
Map 33 Distribution of Cordyline obtecta
Green outlines indicate reserves within which the species occurs. Green shading shows plant communities within which the species may occur (Christian & Mills 2021). Points show recorded locations (Mills2017c).

Risk assessment
Risk assessment undertaken for Vulnerable trees/shrubs as a grouping. The risk assessment is shown in Table 83.
Table 83 Risk assessment for Vulnerable trees/shrubs as a grouping
Risk                                                                                                               Likelihood of exposure    Consequence  Threat rating
1. Loss and fragmentation of native vegetation through past land clearing                                          Almost certain (91–100%)  Extreme      Extreme
2. Loss and fragmentation of native vegetation through current or future land clearing                             Rare (0–10%)              Negligible   Negligible
3. Degradation of native vegetation through past grazing or loss of nutrients                                      Almost certain (91–100%)  Extreme      Extreme
4. Degradation of native vegetation through current or future grazing                                              Possible (26–50%)         Moderate     Medium
6. Predation by rodents                                                                                            Likely (51–90%)           Moderate     Medium
7. Predation by cats                                                                                               Rare (0–10%)              Negligible   Negligible
8. Predation or damage by chickens                                                                                 Rare (0–10%)              Negligible   Negligible
9. Predation by swamphens                                                                                          Rare (0–10%)              Negligible   Negligible
10. Predation by Argentine ant                                                                                     Possible (26–50%)         Minor        Low
11. Competition from/change of habitat because of weed invasion                                                    Likely (51–90%)           Minor        Medium
12. Infection by pathogens already present                                                                         Possible (26–50%)         Moderate     Medium
13. Impacts of potential new invasive species or pathogens                                                         Unlikely (11–25%)         Minor        Low
14. Changes to vegetation, increased fire risk and/or direct physiological stress as a result of climatic changes  Unlikely (11–25%)         Minor        Low
15. Problems caused by small populations, including lack of genetic diversity                                      Rare (0–10%)              Major        Low

Management actions
Continue targeted weed control and maintenance. Undertake revegetation/habitat restoration. Continue replanting in public reserves. Exclude or manage cattle grazing in public reserves.

Recovery target
The recovery target is shown in Table 84.
Table 84 Recovery target for Cordyline obtecta
EPBC Act status  Estimated population (2023)  Where known populations occur  2034 target
Vulnerable       1863                         >80% in the national park      3000
                                              >15% in public reserves

Relevant literature
Christian NE & Mills K (2021) Vegetation Mapping of Norfolk Island 2021. Unpublished data.
Invasive Species Council & TierraMar (2021) The Native Plant Communities of Norfolk Island. Invasive