Document ID: chunk:federal_register_of_legislation:F2018L01173:body:0:p114
Version: federal_register_of_legislation:F2018L01173
Segment Type: other
Provision Reference: 
Character Range: 294293–297220

cargoes
Requirements for bulk cargoes are set out in:
       * Marine Order 33: Cargo and cargo handling - grain
       * Marine Order 34: Solid bulk cargoes
       * Marine Order 35: Additional safety measures for bulk carriers
       * International Maritime Solid Bulk Cargoes Code (IMSBC Code).

Dry bulk may consist of materials that emit dangerous gases, spontaneously combust, liquefy, develop hot spots, develop biological hazards or become unstable. For example:
       ammonium nitrate fertilisers produce toxic gases during decomposition
       antimony ore dust is toxic
       barium nitrate dust is toxic if swallowed
       pencil pitch may cause severe irritation of the skin and eyes in sunlight
       dust created by certain cargoes, particularly in loading, discharging or hold cleaning operations, may pose an explosion hazard.
Some bulk materials are liable to oxidation. This may result in oxygen reduction, emission of toxic fumes and self-heating. Some materials may emit toxic fumes, particularly when wet. Other materials, if they become wet, are corrosive to skin, eyes and mucous membranes, as well as to the ship's structure.
Cargo dust should be prevented from entering the ship's accommodation area by keeping portholes and doors closed in port.
Spaces used for carrying bulk cargoes should be treated as confined or dangerous spaces. The procedures for entering such spaces (see section 7) must be strictly followed.
Ships which carry cargoes that may emit toxic gases should be provided with the appropriate gas detection equipment.
Many bulk cargoes, particularly ores, are loaded into holds from great heights and at very fast rates which may create sufficient stress to damage the structure of the vessel. This should be avoided by reducing the loading rate.
A formal loading plan is required under SOLAS.[22] The plans for loading and discharging of ships should be properly followed, so that the vessel is not exposed to unacceptable stresses, shear forces and bending moments.
Some kinds of cargoes, including concentrates, certain coals and other materials with similar physical properties, may liquefy and cause a shift in cargo, if the moisture content exceeds the transportable moisture limit. The moisture content should therefore be checked before loading and the surface of the cargo in the holds checked during the voyage, as moisture migration may occur due to vibration and/or ship motion.
Precautions should be taken to prevent:
       liquids entering through pipelines into cargo holds in which bulk cargoes are stowed throughout the voyage, and
       seawater entering holds through hatch covers moving or flexing when the ship is working in a seaway.
Water should not be used to cool cargoes that may liquefy.
The appropriate national and international requirements with respect to ventilation should be followed. Certain cargoes, such as some coals, copra, swarf,