Document ID: chunk:federal_register_of_legislation:F2013C00288:reg:1:p13
Version: federal_register_of_legislation:F2013C00288
Segment Type: reg
Provision Reference: reg 1 (pt 13/14)
Character Range: 2724223–2727747

derivation of a soil HIL for lower BDEs. As noted in most other reviews, the available database is poor and limited with respect to identification of a threshold associated with chronic exposures to the group of congeners. Hence, the use of this threshold TRV requires further review and update in the future when further studies are undertaken.

No dermal or inhalation‑specific chronic studies or data are available. For the presence of lower BDEs in soil, it is considered appropriate to consider use of the available threshold value for all pathways of exposures.

2.4.3         Recommendation
On the basis of the discussion above, the following toxicity reference values (TRVs) have been adopted for lower BDEs in the derivation of HILs:

2.5              Calculated HILs
On the basis of the above, the following HILs have been derived for lower BDEs (refer to Appendix B for equations used to calculate the HILs and Appendix C for calculations):
HIL Scenario            HIL (mg/kg)                      Percentage Contribution from Exposure Pathways
Ingestion of Soil/Dust  Ingestion of Home‑grown Produce  Dermal Absorption of Soil/Dust                  Inhalation (dust)
Residential A           1                                39                                              8                  53  <1
Residential B           2                                16                                              ‑‑                 84  <1
Recreational C          2                                27                                              ‑‑                 73  <1
Commercial D            10                               12                                              ‑‑                 88  <1

‑‑ Pathway not included in derivation of HIL

2.6              References
ATSDR 2004, Toxicological Profile for Polybrominated Biphenyls and Polybrominated Diphenyl Ethers, Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry, September 2004.
EU 2003, European Union Risk Assessment Report: Diphenyl Ether, Octobromo Derivative, CAS No: 32536‑52‑0, EINECS No: 251‑087‑9, European Union, Brussels.
FSANZ 2007, Polybrominated Diphenyl Ethers (PBDE) in Food in Australia, Study of Concentrations in Foods in Australia including Dietary Exposure Assessment and Risk Characterisation, Food Standards Australia and New Zealand, 2007.
Guan, Y, Sojinu, OSS, Li, S & Yeng, EY 2009, 'Fate of polybrominated diphenyl ethers in the environment the Pearl River Estuary, South China', Environmental Pollution, vol. 157 (2009), pp. 2166–2172.
Health Canada 2006, Polybrominated Diphenyl Ethers (PBDEs), State of the Science Report for a Screening Health Assessment, Health Canada.
Huang, H, Zhang, S, Christie, P, Wang, A & Xie, M 2010, 'Behaviour of Decabromodiphenyl Ether (BDE‑209) in the Soil−Plant System: Uptake, Translocation, and Metabolism in Plants and Dissipation in Soil', Environ. Sci. Technol., vol. 44 (2), pp. 663–667.
IARC 1999, Summaries & Evaluations, Decabromodiphenyl oxide, vol. 71 (1999), pp.1365, International Agency for Research on Cancer.
JECFA 2006, Safety Evaluation of Certain Contaminants in Food – Polybrominated Diphenyl Ethers, prepared by the Sixty Fourth Meeting of the Joint FAO/WHO Expert Committee on Food Additives (JECFA), World Health Organization, Geneva.
NEPC 1999, Schedule B (7a), Guideline on Health‑Based Investigation Levels, National Environment Protection (Assessment of Site Contamination) Measure, National Environment Protection Council, Australia.
NICNAS 2007, Interim Public Health