Document ID: chunk:federal_register_of_legislation:F2013C00288:reg:5:p6
Version: federal_register_of_legislation:F2013C00288
Segment Type: reg
Provision Reference: reg 5 (pt 6/7)
Character Range: 2831025–2836141

available, the inhalation values presented by US EPA are the most relevant and current (and adequately address early lifetime exposures) and suitable for the derivation of soil vapour Interim HILs.

    5.5.3         Recommendation
In relation to vinyl chloride, only soil vapour Interim HILs have been derived. Hence only the inhalation pathway has been quantified in the development of these HILs. On the basis of the discussion above, the following inhalation toxicity reference values (TRVs) have been adopted for vinyl chloride:

5.6              Calculated Interim HILs
On the basis of the above, the following interim soil vapour HILs have been derived for vinyl chloride (refer to Appendix B for equations used to calculate the HILs and Appendix C for calculations):
HIL Scenario                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                Interim Soil Vapour HIL# (mg/m3)
Residential A                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                               0.03
Residential B                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                               0.03
Recreational C                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              0.5
Commercial D                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                0.1
# Interim soil gas HILs are conservative soil gas concentrations that can be adopted for the purpose of screening sites where further investigation is required on a site-specific basis. They are based on the potential for vapour intrusion indoors using an indoor air-to-soil gas attenuation factor of 0.1 for HILs A, B and D and an outdoor attenuation factor of 0.005 for HIL C.

5.7              References
ATSDR 2006, Toxicological Profile for Vinyl Chloride, available from: http://www.atsdr.cdc.gov/ToxProfiles/tp.asp?id=282&tid=51.
DEC 2003, Ambient Air Quality Research Project (1996-2001), Internal working paper no. 4, Ambient concentrations of heavy metals in NSW, Department of Environment and conservation (NSW).
Health Canada 1992, Vinyl Chloride, Guidelines for Canadian Drinking Water Quality, Supporting Documentation.
IARC 2008, International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) Monographs on the Evaluation of Carcinogenic Risks to Humans: 1,3-Butadiene, Ethylene Oxide and Vinyl Halides (Vinyl Fluoride, Vinyl Chloride and Vinyl Bromide, World Health Organization, International Agency for Research on Cancer, Lyon, France.
NEPC 1999, Schedule B (7a), Guideline on Health-Based Investigation Levels, National Environment Protection (Assessment of Site Contamination) Measure, National Environment Protection Council, Australia.
NHMRC 2011, National water quality management strategy, Australian drinking water guidelines, National Health and Medical Research Council, Australia.
NJ DEP 2005, Field Sampling Procedures Manual, Chapter 9 – Soil Gas Surveys, New Jersey Department of Environmental Protection.
RIVM 2001, Re-evaluation of human-toxicological Maximum Permissible Risk levels, National Institute of Public Health and the Environment, Bilthoven, Netherlands, available from: http://www.rivm.nl/bibliotheek/rapporten/711701025.html.
Scheutz, C 2002, 'Attenuation of Methane and Trace Organics in Landfill Soil Covers', PhD Thesis, September 2002, also updated paper 'Biodegradation of Trace Gases in Simulated Landfill Soil Cover Systems', Journal of Air & Waste Management Association, July 2005, vol. 55(7), pp. 878885.
US EPA (IRIS 2012), data and information available from the Integrated Risk Information System, an online database, available from http://www.epa.gov/iris/.
US EPA 1995, Technical Guidance Manual, Assessing Dermal Exposure from Soil, US