Document ID: chunk:federal_register_of_legislation:F2016L00419:body:0:p7
Version: federal_register_of_legislation:F2016L00419
Segment Type: other
Provision Reference: 
Character Range: 15791–18706

the risk must be minimised by using one or more of the following approaches:
    * Substitution – replace a hazardous process or material with one that is less hazardous,
      for example using submerged arc welding instead of flux-cored wire welding will reduce
      the risk of exposure to radiation and fumes. In welding, such types of substitution are
      not always practical or technically suitable.
    * Isolation – removing the welder and nearby workers from the hazard or isolating or screening the hazard from the welder, for example ancillary processes like plasma cutting, gouging, grinding, fettling and guillotining can be carried out in specified areas away from general fabrication, to reduce risk of exposure to loud noise at the welding station.
    * Engineering controls – use engineering control measures to minimise the risk, for example, ventilation systems to remove welding fumes.
If risk then remains, it must be minimised by implementing administrative controls, so far as is reasonably practicable. For example, if a welding process takes place in a very hot environment, allowing the welder to weld for a limited time followed by a suitable rest and cooling-off period will reduce the risk of heat exhaustion.
Any remaining risk must be minimised with suitable personal protective equipment (PPE).
For example, if the welder has to stand on metallic surfaces that form part of the electric circuit
it may become live. The use of rubber-soled boots will reduce the risk of electric shock.
Administrative control measures and PPE rely on human behaviour and supervision. If used
on their own, they tend to be least effective in minimising risks.
A combination of these control measures may be required in order to adequately manage the risks with welding. You should check that your chosen control measure does not introduce new hazards.
Chapter 3 of this Code provides information on control measures for welding processes. Guidance on allied processes control measures can be found in Health and Safety in Welding WTIA Technical Note No.7.

2.4 Reviewing control measures
The control measures that are put in place to protect health and safety should be regularly reviewed to make sure they are effective. This may involve, for example, atmospheric monitoring
to measure the amount of welding fume in the welder's breathing zone following introduction of fume extraction equipment. If the control measure is not working effectively it must be revised.
Common review methods include workplace inspection, consultation, testing and analysing records and data.
If problems are found, go back through the risk management steps, review your information
and make further decisions about controlling the risk.

3.             SPECIFIC HAZARDS AND CONTROL MEASURES

3.1 Airborne contaminants
Regulation 351: A person conducting a business or undertaking must manage the risks associated