Document ID: chunk:federal_register_of_legislation:F2025C00050:body:0:p302
Version: federal_register_of_legislation:F2025C00050
Segment Type: other
Provision Reference: 
Character Range: 1051292–1054729

true and magnetic north; and
(f)             terrestrial magnetism, magnetic variation and the change in variation with time; and
(g)           distance on the earth i.e. relationship between a minute of latitude and a nautical mile; and, if applicable, their effect on:
(i)             position on the earth; and
(ii)            time differences; and
(iii)          distance and direction.
2.2                    Time
2.2.1              Explain the terms UTC, local mean time, local (standard) time, local summer time.
2.2.2              Determine within +/- 5 min the beginning and end of civil twilight from AIP daylight and darkness graphs.
2.2.3              Complete conversions between:
(a)           LMT, UTC, local (standard) times, including local summer time.
2.2.4              List factors which may cause daylight to end earlier than the time extracted from AIP darkness graphs.
2.2.5              Describe the effect of the earth's rotation and revolution around the sun on the:
(a)           beginning and end of daylight;
(b)           period of daylight.
2.2.6              Describe the effect of changes in longitude on Local Mean Time.
2.3                    Charts and publications
2.3.1              From:
(a)           AIP visual charts, that is ERC, VTC and AUS PCA, including any subsequent changes to charts required for flight under VFR; and
(b)           ERSA;
    select the chart(s) or document(s) which contain information about a given item of operational significance.
2.3.2              Decode symbols and apply information displayed on AIP visual charts.
2.3.3              Interpret topographic detail and decode symbols displayed on a WAC and VTC.
2.3.4              On WAC and AIP visual charts using chart and latitude scale:
(a)           estimate tracks and distances; and
(b)           measure rhumb line track; and
(c)           measure distance; and
(d)           plot a position given:
(i)             latitude and longitude; and
(ii)            bearing and distance.
         2.3.5              Describe the different kinds of map projections used in aviation and:
(a)           identify the following properties of a Lamberts Conformal:
(i)             appearance of rhumb lines, great circles, meridians and the graticule;
(ii)            distortion of shapes and areas;
(iii)          scale variation;
(b)           describe the methods of representing scale.
2.4                    Computations
2.4.1              Review computations and conversions and:
(a)           solve GS, distance, fuel used, fuel required, fuel remaining and fuel consumption problems, given appropriate combinations of these factors; and
(b)           solve CAS/TAS problems given air temperature and pressure height; and
(c)           determine HDG, GS and drift given TAS, W/V, TR; and
(d)           determine TR given HDG, TAS, W/V; and
(e)           solve problems relating to rates/gradients of climb and descent; and
(f)             determine TOPC and TOPD position using average airspeed, W/V, and rates of climb/descent.
2.5                    Pilot navigation
2.5.1              Principles of map reading:
(a)           describe the method of chart orientation; and
(b)           list situations when a pilot should read:
(i)             from map to ground; and
(ii)            from ground to map; and
(c)           select appropriate position lines to establish:
(i)             ground speed; and
(ii)