Document ID: chunk:federal_register_of_legislation:F2025L00287:reg:3:p40
Version: federal_register_of_legislation:F2025L00287
Segment Type: reg
Provision Reference: reg 3 (pt 40/276)
Character Range: 147400–159231

the island. Pigs and goats were eradicated in the early 1900s, while the last rabbit was eradicated in 1986 (Mills 2009b). There has since been a significant regeneration of vegetation on the island, particularly in the gullies where accumulated eroded soil and runoff have provided suitable conditions for plant growth (Cogger 2004; Mills 2009b). Some native plant communities are developing well, such as the moo-oo sedgeland, although the forest community of the valleys is likely to take the longest to reach stability (Mills 2009b). Research in 2008 found that the vegetation on Phillip Island was a mixture of 42 native species and 60 exotic weed species (Mills 2009b).
Figure 2 Photos of the native plant communities on Norfolk Island
Table 12 Description of the native plant communities found on Norfolk Island and the threatened plant species that may occur within them
Community                          Description                                                                                                                                            Common plant species                                     Threatened plant species
Moist palm valley forest           Thick nee-ow palm and tree fern forest mostly in mountain valleys.                                                                                         * Rhopalostlyis baueri (nee-ow palm)                     * Blechnum norfolkiana
                                                                                                                                                                                              * Cyathea brownii (smooth treefern)                      * Elatostema montanum
                                                                                                                                                                                              * Alsophila australis norfolkensis (rough treefern)      * Pennantia endlicheri
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                       * Phreatia limenophylax
Moist upland hardwood forest       Thick hardwood rainforest mostly in the national park.                                                                                                     * Nestegis apetala (ironwood)                            * Coprosma pilosa
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                       * Cordyline obtecta
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                       * Dysoxylon bijugum
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                       * Lastreopsis calantha
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                       * Melicope littoralis
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                       * Melicytus latifolius
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                       * Meryta angustifolia
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                       * Myrsine ralstoniae
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                       * Pennantia endlicheri
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                       * Pittosporum bracteolatum
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                       * Ungeria floribunda
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                       * Wikstroemia australis
Pine hardwood ridge forest         Tall pine forest on ridges, mostly on drier ridges in national park.                                                                                       * Araucaria heterophylla (Norfolk pine)                  * Coprosma pilosa
                                                                                                                                                                                              * Nestegis apetala (ironwood)                            * Cordyline obtecta
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                       * Dysoxylon bijugum
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                       * Meryta angustifolia
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                       * Myrsine ralstoniae
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                       * Pennantia endlicheri
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                       * Pittosporum bracteolatum
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                       * Ungeria floribunda
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                       * Wikstroemia australis
Viny hardwood forest               Thick rainforest with lots of Samson's sinew in the Mission Road area.                                                                                     * Celtis paniculata (whitewood)                          * Achyranthes arborescens
                                                                                                                                                                                              * Callerya australis (Samson's sinew)                    * Melicytus ramiflorus subsp. oblongifolius
                                                                                                                                                                                              * Baloghia inophylla (bloodwood)                         * Meryta latifolia
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                       * Myrsine ralstoniae
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                       * Pittosporum bracteolatum
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                       * Planchonella costata
Plateau hardwood forest            Mixed hardwood forest found on flat areas at Steeles Point and Anson Bay.                                                                                  * Elaeodendron curtipendula (maple)                      * Dysoxylon bijugum
                                                                                                                                                                                              * Lagunaria patersonia (white oak)                       * Myrsine ralstoniae
                                                                                                                                                                                              * Nestegis apetala (ironwood)                            * Melicytus latifolius
                                                                                                                                                                                              * Baloghia inophylla (bloodwood)
Lowland valley hardwood forest     Valley forest once more common in lowland areas. Includes hardwoods and tree ferns that can be seen in many lowland valleys.                               * Nestegis apetala (Ironwood)                            * Cordyline obtecta
                                                                                                                                                                                              * Lagunaria patersonia (white oak)                       * Myrsine ralstoniae
                                                                                                                                                                                              * Baloghia inophylla (Bloodwood)
                                                                                                                                                                                              * Cyathea brownii (smooth treefern)
                                                                                                                                                                                              * Araucaria heterophylla (Norfolk pine)
Sheltered coastal forest           Thick forest that only occurs close to