Document ID: chunk:federal_register_of_legislation:F2013C00288:reg:9:p6
Version: federal_register_of_legislation:F2013C00288
Segment Type: reg
Provision Reference: reg 9 (pt 6/7)
Character Range: 2232670–2236152

quantify a threshold value from the study data (using different benchmark dose models or not using a benchmark dose model), and consideration of uncertainty factors. The air guideline value derived by WHO (1999) is recommended based on the use of a benchmark dose analysis which is also within the range of threshold values derived by Health Canada (2008) using a number of benchmark dose approaches using a different study. The value is also similar to that derived by ATSDR (2008).

    9.4.3         Recommendation
On the basis of the discussion above, the following toxicity reference values (TRVs) have been adopted for manganese in the derivation of HILs:

9.5              Calculated HILs
On the basis of the above, the following HILs have been derived for manganese (refer to Appendix B for equations used to calculate the HILs and Appendix C for calculations):
HIL Scenario            HIL (mg/kg)                      Percentage Contribution from Exposure Pathways
Ingestion of Soil/Dust  Ingestion of Home-grown Produce  Dermal Absorption of Soil/Dust                  Inhalation (dust)
Residential A           3800                             32                                              49                 --  19
Residential B           14 000                           29                                              --                 --  71
Recreational C          19 000*                          80                                              --                 --  20
Commercial D            60 000                           18                                              --                 --  82

-- Pathway not included in derivation of HIL
* HIL is higher than HIL B (contrary to other HILs derived) due to the more significant influence of the dust inhalation pathway in the derivation of HILs A and B, and lower contribution for HIL C.

9.6              References
ATSDR 1997, Toxicological Profile for Manganese, US Department of Health and Human Services, ATSDR.
ATSDR 2008. Draft Toxicological Profile for Manganese, US Department of Health and Human Services, ATSDR, available from http://www.atsdr.cdc.gov/ToxProfiles/tp.asp?id=102&tid=23.
DEC 2003, Ambient Air Quality Research Project (1996-2001), Internal working paper no. 4, Ambient concentrations of heavy metals in NSW, Department of Environment and Conservation, (NSW).
FSANZ 2003, The 20th Australian Total Diet Survey, A total diet survey of pesticide residues and contaminants, website: http://www.anzfa.gov.au/.
FSANZ 2011, The 23rd Australian Total Diet Study, Food Standards Australia and New Zealand.
Health Canada 2008, Human Health Risk Assessment for Inhaled Manganese, Draft.
IOM 2002, Dietary reference intakes for vitamin A, vitamin K, arsenic, boron, chromium, copper, iodine, iron, manganese, molybdenum, nickel, silicon, vanadium and zinc, pp. 10-1 to 10-22, Institute of Medicine, Food and Nutrition Board. Washington, DC, National Academy Press.
Lindon, P & Sabordo, L 1996, 'Manganese Toxicity and the Significance of Exposure on Manganese Contaminated Soils', presented in the proceedings of the Third National Workshop on the Health Risk Assessment and Management of Contaminated Sites, Contaminated Sites Monograph Series, No. 5, 1996.
NHMRC 2011, National water quality management strategy. Australian drinking water guidelines, National Health and Medical Research Council, Australia.
RAIS 2010, Risk Assessment Information System, website and database maintained