Document ID: chunk:federal_register_of_legislation:F2025L00287:reg:3:p2
Version: federal_register_of_legislation:F2025L00287
Segment Type: reg
Provision Reference: reg 3 (pt 2/276)
Character Range: 3447–8739

Infrastructure, Transport, Regional Development, Communications and the Arts, Eloise Dowd, Daniel Gautschi, Simon Gorta, Nigel Greenup, Frances Greeshaw, Luke Halpin, Marc Hockings, Ben Hoffman, Isabel Hyman, Salit Kark, Lilli King, Peter Latch, Juliana Lazzari, Glynn Maynard, Kevin Mills, Penny Olsen, Luis Ortiz-Catedral, Tara Patel, Julie Quinn, Philip Reid, Libby Rumpff, Bec Rush, Mitch Ryan, Mark Scott, Flossy Sperring, Hannah Taylor, James Tweed, Gillian Walker, James Watson, Chuanji Yong, Heidi Zimmer.
We also acknowledge the members of Threatened Species Scientific Committee who provided insightful and valuable feedback during the preparation of this plan, and we thank them for their contributions.
This plan represents the combined efforts of many people, including those who have directly contributed to the content of the plan and those who have built the knowledge and understanding on which the plan relies.
Image credits
Cover: Kermadec petrel (credit: Stuart Cohen); White oak flowers (credit: Parks Australia); Phillip Island aerial image (credit: Norfolk Island Tourism); Norfolk Island green parrot (credit: Parks Australia).
Page iv: Norfolk Island landscape (credit: Norfolk Island Tourism).

Contents
Summary...................................................................1
Purpose................................................................1
Summary of targets........................................................1
Summary of recommended management and monitoring............................6
Summary of the costing framework............................................7
Part 1—Context..............................................................9
1.1 Introduction.......................................................9
1.2 The Norfolk Island Group.............................................17
Part 2—Pressures and risks....................................................66
2.1 Pressures.........................................................66
2.2 Risk assessment....................................................79
Part 3—Review of past planning and management...................................85
3.1 Review of implementation of the previous recovery plan......................85
3.2 Analysis of the adequacy of current management...........................96
Part 4—Management planning..................................................99
4.1 Conceptual framework for management planning...........................99
4.2 Ten-year species targets.............................................103
4.3 Ten-year management targets........................................107
4.4 Direct management programs.........................................109
4.5 Supporting management actions.......................................119
4.6 Adaptive management..............................................122
4.7 Research........................................................127
Part 5—Implementation......................................................130
5.1 Governance and responsibilities.......................................130
5.2 Interaction with other plans, policies, and strategies........................142
5.3 Costs of implementation.............................................144
5.4 Implementation timeframe...........................................151
Part 6—Species profiles......................................................152
6.1 Invertebrates.....................................................155
6.2 Reptiles.........................................................172
6.3 Land birds.......................................................180
6.4 Seabirds........................................................202
6.5 Flora...........................................................239
Part 7—Appendices.........................................................389
Appendix A: Conceptual models.............................................390
Glossary..............................................................395
References............................................................397

Tables
Table 1 Ten-year targets for animal species..........................................2
Table 2 Ten-year targets for plant species...........................................3
Table 3 Ten-year management targets.............................................5
Table 4 Listed threatened species covered by the recovery plan..........................11
Table 5 Soils of Norfolk Island...................................................20
Table 6 EPBC listed threatened molluscs of the Norfolk Island Group.......................24
Table 7 EPBC listed threatened reptiles of the Norfolk Island Group.......................27
Table 8 Endemic and/or EPBC listed avian fauna of the Norfolk Island Group.................29
Table 9 Distribution of EPBC listed threatened fauna (excluding species presumed to be extinct) on the Norfolk Island Group across tenure types......42
Table 10 Threatened and/or endemic plants of the Norfolk Island Group....................43
Table 11 Distribution of EPBC listed plant species of the Norfolk Island Group across tenure types.47
Table 12 Description of the native plant communities found on Norfolk Island and a summary of the threatened plant species that may occur within them......52
Table