Document ID: chunk:federal_register_of_legislation:F2025L00287:reg:3:p22
Version: federal_register_of_legislation:F2025L00287
Segment Type: reg
Provision Reference: reg 3 (pt 22/276)
Character Range: 73124–76151

this plan.

Invertebrate fauna

Norfolk Island's invertebrate fauna — like that of many islands around the world — is relatively depauperate, with many groups having few or no species present. However, it is richer than would be expected given the island group's small size and isolation. The invertebrate fauna of Norfolk Island remains poorly understood.
Previous invertebrate work has primarily been in the form of taxonomic publications or biosecurity surveys. The Norfolk Island Quarantine Survey 2012–2014 focused on agricultural plant pests and parasites of domestic animals, significantly improving the understanding of these groups (Maynard et al. 2018). The report documented more than 1,190 species of invertebrates, many of which had not been recorded from the island previously.
Comparatively little is known about native invertebrate fauna on Norfolk Island, and it is likely many invertebrates remain undescribed. There is currently a significant volume of work underway to improve knowledge of the island's native invertebrates, particularly the snails and insects, as well as additional work on agricultural and horticultural pests. The following section provides details on groups of invertebrates for which significant survey work has been conducted.

Land snails
A major component of the biota of Pacific islands is land snails, which are recognised for their high levels of diversity and endemism (Cowie 2001). Many of these snails are now threatened with extinction (Ponder 1997). The Norfolk Island Group once supported many species of land snails, some of which are only known from fossil deposits and many of which were endemic. The non‑marine molluscan fauna for Norfolk Island consists of 68 terrestrial species and one freshwater species and is almost entirely endemic (Smith 1992; Ponder 1997).
Currently, there are differences between the listing of Norfolk Island mollusc species under the EPBC Act and on the IUCN Red List. Five species are listed as Critically Endangered under the EPBC Act (Table 6): Campbell's keeled glass-snail (Advena campbellii), Gray's glass-snail (A. grayi), Phillip Island glass-snail (A. phillipii), Suter's striped glass-snail (A. suteri) and Stoddart's glass-snail (A. stoddartii). In comparison, twenty species appear on the IUCN Red List: six species are listed as extinct, including the only recorded freshwater mollusc (Posticobia norfolkensis), four species are considered Endangered, eight species are considered Vulnerable, and two species are data deficient. The same threats that have resulted in the extinction of several birds and plants—environmental degradation and the introduction of feral animals—have probably affected the terrestrial snail fauna as well (Ponder 1997). Surveys in 2020 resulted in the rediscovery of one species, Allenoconcha quintalia (previously known as Nancibella quintalia), which was last collected in 1889 and was listed as Extinct by the IUCN (Hyman & Köhler 2020). There is a need to reassess the listings of other endemic