Document ID: chunk:federal_register_of_legislation:F2025C00050:body:0:p253
Version: federal_register_of_legislation:F2025C00050
Segment Type: other
Provision Reference: 
Character Range: 877801–881555

2.4.3              Explain the following:
(a)           power must be applied to maintain speed in a level turn;
(b)           an aeroplane tends to overbank in level and climbing turns and not in descending turns.
2.4.4              Explain the following:
(a)           the effect of aileron drag on turn performance at low airspeed;
(b)           how the following design features offset this drag:
             1.          frise ailerons;
             2.          differential ailerons.
2.5                    Performance considerations
2.5.1              Using power required and power available graphs, identify the following:
(a)           stall speed (power on);
(b)           the region of reverse command (sometimes described as the 'back of the power curve').
2.5.2              Describe the following terms and cite situations that may result in an aeroplane exceeding load factor and wing loading limits:
(a)           load factor;
(b)           'g';
(c)           wing loading.
2.5.3              Given that certain flight conditions remain constant, explain the effect of the following:
(a)           changes in weight and altitude (height) on:
             1.          angle of attack and IAS in level flight;
             2.          level flight range and endurance;
             3.         turn rate and radius;
             4.         glide range and endurance;
(b)           changes in headwind/tailwind component on:
             1.          glide range;
             2.          endurance;
(c)           changes in power on turn rate and radius.
2.5.4              Explain how the energy state of an aircraft changes with changes in altitude and airspeed.
2.6                    Stability and control
2.6.1              Explain the effect of the factors listed below on the stability and control of an aeroplane in each of the following 3 planes of movement:
(a)           longitudinal stability:
             1.          position of CG;
             2.          movement of centre of pressure;
             3.         changes in thrust;
             4.         tailplane moment;
(b)           lateral stability:
             1.          high versus low set wings;
             2.          dihedral versus anhedral;
             3.         sweepback;
(c)           directional stability:
             1.          large fore/aft displacement of the CG;
             2.          large versus small fin and rudder moment.
2.6.2              Describe the relationship between directional and lateral stability (spiral instability) and state the effect of spiral instability on the control of an aeroplane.
2.6.3              Recognise statements/diagrams which describe static and dynamic stability.
2.6.4              Describe the controllability problems associated with flight in the region of reverse command.
2.6.5              Explain the purpose of the following:
(a)           trim tabs (fixed and cockpit controlled);
(b)           balance tabs;
(c)           anti-balance tabs;
(d)           aerodynamic balance;
(e)           mass balance.
2.6.6              Explain the function of the items mentioned in 2.6.5 in relation to the movement of a main control surface.
2.7                    Taxi, take-off and landing
2.7.1              Describe the stability and control characteristics of nose wheel aeroplanes during ground operation.
2.7.2              Describe the result of the following factors on the controllability of an aeroplane:
(a)           propeller torque and slipstream effect;
(b)           gyroscopic effect;
(c)           asymmetric blade effect.
2.7.3              Describe the term 'ground effect' and its effect on aeroplane performance.
2.8                    Stalling, spinning and spiral dives
2.8.1