Document ID: chunk:federal_register_of_legislation:F2025L00287:reg:3:p25
Version: federal_register_of_legislation:F2025L00287
Segment Type: reg
Provision Reference: reg 3 (pt 25/276)
Character Range: 81611–84478

species, Oligomyrmex norfolkensis, Tetramorium antipodum and Iridomyrmex phillipensis, the latter of which is currently only known from Phillip Island (Taylor & Brown 1985, Smithers 1998, Heterick & Shattuck, 2011). Several of the ant species are cosmopolitan or introduced and most of the others can be attributed to the Australian element of the Norfolk fauna, although some are found on Lord Howe Island or in New Zealand (Holloway 1977). The invasive Argentine ant (Linepithema humile) was first reported on Norfolk Island in 2005 (Davis 2008).

Other insects
Most groups of insects on Norfolk Island are poorly known, with substantial further work required to understand the full diversity. An order of insects that has received substantial recent attention is the thrips (order: Thysanoptera). When a catalogue of the island's insects was compiled in 1998 (Smithers 1998), only three species of thrips were recorded from the island, two of which were endemic. Following extensive survey work from 2012–2014, Mound and Wells (2015) increased this total to 66 species, at least 12 of which are endemic. Significant work has also been undertaken on bark lice (order: Psocodea), with at least 11 known endemic species (Smithers et al. 1999).
The true flies (order: Diptera) have received relatively little attention, with future surveys likely to document many species as-yet unrecorded from the island, likely including numerous undescribed endemic species.

Myriapoda (centipedes and millipedes)
The endemic centipede, Cormocephalus coynei, was recorded on Phillip Island in 1792 but was not formally described until much later (Halpin et al. 2021a). It is restricted to Phillip and Nepean Islands, found in litter, soil and under bark (Koch 1984), and can grow to almost one foot (30.5cm; Halpin et al. 2021a). The species has a highly varied diet including crickets, seabird chicks, geckos and skinks, and even fish dropped by black noddies (Anous minuta; Halpin et al. 2021a).
Beyond the charismatic C. coynei, relatively little is known of Norfolk's myriapod fauna. Only a handful of species have ever been documented from the island (Johns 1967).

Freshwater invertebrates
The small freshwater crab, Amarinus lacustris, is known to occur on Norfolk Island but it is not common or widespread (McCormack & Coughran 2009). Specimens of this elusive species have been collected at two locations on Norfolk Island—Bumboras Creek and Kingston. Anecdotal information suggests that land crabs (Geograpsus greyii) were well known in the past on Norfolk Island, but they were not detected in 2009 (McCormack & Coughran 2009). Local advice suggests the land crabs are in the order of 60–70mm carapace width with a hairy, purple appearance and that they live within 1km of the ocean under logs in the forests. In 2019, a sighting of this land crab was recorded on Philip