Document ID: chunk:federal_register_of_legislation:F2025L00141:front:0:p2
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attracts ICD‑10‑AM codes C68.0 and C68.1, in applying this Statement of Principles the meaning of malignant neoplasm of the urethra is that given in subsection (2).
 3.           For subsection (3), a reference to an ICD-10-AM code is a reference to the code assigned to a particular kind of injury or disease in The International Statistical Classification of Diseases and Related Health Problems, Tenth Revision, Australian Modification (ICD-10-AM), Tenth Edition, effective date of 1 July 2017, copyrighted by the Independent Hospital Pricing Authority, ISBN 978-1-76007-296-4.
Death from malignant neoplasm of the urethra
 1.           For the purposes of this Statement of Principles, malignant neoplasm of the urethra, in relation to a person, includes death from a terminal event or condition that was contributed to by the person's malignant neoplasm of the urethra.
Note: terminal event is defined in the Schedule 1 – Dictionary.
 1.                Basis for determining the factors
The Repatriation Medical Authority is of the view that there is sound medical-scientific evidence that indicates that malignant neoplasm of the urethra and death from malignant neoplasm of the urethra can be related to relevant service rendered by veterans, members of Peacekeeping Forces, or members of the Forces under the VEA, or members under the MRCA.
Note: MRCA, relevant service and VEA are defined in the Schedule 1 – Dictionary.
 1.                Factors that must exist
At least one of the following factors must as a minimum exist before it can be said that a reasonable hypothesis has been raised connecting malignant neoplasm of the urethra or death from malignant neoplasm of the urethra with the circumstances of a person's relevant service:
 1.           for squamous cell or mixed squamous and urothelial cell carcinomas only, having infection of the urethra with human papilloma virus (HPV) types 16 or 18 before clinical onset;
 2.           being exposed to arsenic in any of the following circumstances before clinical onset;
         1.           consuming drinking water with an average arsenic concentration of at least 50 micrograms per litre for a cumulative period of at least 10 years;
         2.           consuming drinking water resulting in a cumulative total arsenic exposure equivalent to having consumed drinking water containing at least 50 micrograms per litre for at least 10 years;
         3.           exposure resulting in clinical evidence of chronic arsenic toxicity;
 3.           having received a cumulative equivalent dose of at least 0.1 sieverts of ionising radiation to the affected site at least 5 years before clinical onset;
Note: cumulative equivalent dose is defined in the Schedule 1 – Dictionary.
 1.           having a urethral diverticulum at the time of clinical onset;
Note: Urethral diverticulum can be acquired and has been associated with infection of the periurethral glands, urethral trauma (e.g. during vaginal delivery), urethral dilatation or catheterisation,