Document ID: chunk:federal_register_of_legislation:F2025C00050:body:0:p304
Version: federal_register_of_legislation:F2025C00050
Segment Type: other
Provision Reference: 
Character Range: 1057460–1061853

1.7.3                                   ANVC:  ATPL navigation – all aircraft categories

1.                       Reserved

2.                       Advanced navigation
2.1                    Navigation charts
2.1.1              Lambert Conformal Conic Projection:
(a)           review properties:
(i)             great circles, rhumb lines, rules lines;
(ii)            scales, chart convergence;
(b)           brief comparison with properties of other projections:
(i)             Mercator;
(ii)            Polar sterographic.
2.1.2              Use of AIP (MAP) charts.
2.2                    Time zones
(a)           brief review:
(i)             time zones, date line;
(ii)            LMT, LST, UTC;
(iii)          conversion from LMT/LST to UTC and vice versa;
(b)           practical examples of LST arrival/departure calculations for flights across time zones:
(i)             with and without date line involvement.
2.3                    Flight instruments
2.3.1              Air data instruments:
(a)           review of altimeter, ASI, VSI, IVSI and Machmeter:
(i)             principles of operation;
(ii)            errors;
(iii)          relationship between IAS, CAS, EAS, TAS and TMN;
(b)           modern instrumentation:
(i)             integrated displays;
(ii)            EFIS;
(iii)          standby instruments.
2.3.2              Air data computer (ADC):
(a)           principles of operation;
(b)           input and output data;
(c)           uses of output data.
2.3.3              Gyroscopic principles:
(a)           rigidity, precession:
(i)             real and apparent precession;
(ii)            correcting for precession;
(b)           types of gyros in common use:
(i)             mechanical;
(ii)            laser gyros;
(c)           gyro platforms:
(i)             two- and three-dimensional stability;
(d)           introduce concept of self-contained instruments versus gyro-platform output displays.
2.4                    Compasses
2.4.1              Direct reading compass:
(a)           principle of operation and errors;
(b)           advantages and disadvantages.
2.4.2              Slaved gyro-stabilised compass:
(a)           principles of operation;
(b)           errors;
(c)           advantages and disadvantages;
(d)           uses of output data.
2.4.3              Inertial heading:
(a)           use of a gyro platform to compute true heading:
(i)             principles;
(ii)            significance of initial positions insert;
(b)           magnetic heading as a modification of true heading.
2.5                    Radiowave propagation
2.5.1              Terminology:
(a)           understand general principles of radio propagation;
(b)           understand and be able to use in correct sense:
(i)             wavelength;
(ii)            amplitude;
(iii)          frequency;
(iv)          phase angle;
(v)           frequency bands;
(vi)          the following sidebands:
(A)          SSB;
(B)          LSB;
(C)          USB;
(vii)        carrier;
(viii)       modulation, including the following:
(A)          amplitude;
(B)          frequency;
(C)          pulse;
(D)          multiplex;
(ix)          demodulation.
2.5.2              Wave propagation:
(a)           groundwaves, space (direct) waves, skywaves;
(b)           propagation within the frequency bands;
(c)           factors affecting reception:
(i)             fading;
(ii)            static;
(d)           use of HF for communications:
(i)             frequency prognosis;
(ii)            SELCAL.
2.5.3              Antennas:
(a)           function/purpose of antennas;
(b)           types of antennas in common use for aircraft:
(i)             uses;
(ii)            characteristics (outline only):
(A)          directionality;
(B)          polarisation.
2.6                    Radio NavAids
2.6.1              ADF (including NDBs and use of RMI):
(a)           application for navigation;
(b)           principles;
(c)           presentation and interpretation;
(d)           coverage;
(e)           range;
(f)             errors and accuracy;
(g)           factors affecting range and accuracy.
2.6.2              VOR and Doppler-VOR (including use of RMI):
(a)           application for navigation;
(b)           principles;
(c)           presentation and interpretation;
(d)           coverage;
(e)           range;
(f)             errors and accuracy;
(g)