Document ID: chunk:federal_register_of_legislation:F2017L01588:front:0:p10
Version: federal_register_of_legislation:F2017L01588
Segment Type: other
Provision Reference: 
Character Range: 27820–32810

injuries
                                               Tensioned cable or ropes                                                                                                                                   Fatalities
Noise                                          Using noisy machinery or power tools                                                                                                                       Hearing loss
Hazardous chemicals including dangerous goods  Loading and unloading hazardous cargo                                                                                                                      Respiratory conditions
                                               Exposure to chemicals used to fumigate ship's holds                                                                                                        Burns
                                                                                                                                                                                                          Skin conditions
                                                                                                                                                                                                          Fatalities
Fire                                           Hot works e.g. welding or oxy-cutting                                                                                                                      Burns
                                               Handling combustible cargo                                                                                                                                 Smoke inhalation
                                                                                                                                                                                                          Fatalities
Lighting                                       Working in inadequate light for instance in holds or at night                                                                                              Slips, trips and falls
Failure to follow safety procedures            Using incorrect lifting gear                                                                                                                               Crush injuries
                                               Not verifying safe working load                                                                                                                            Fatalities
                                               Not checking service history where required

A number of hazards may co-exist in the workplace, for example stevedoring operations may involve being near moving parts and performing hazardous manual tasks in the presence of high noise levels.
Hazards may also change as work is carried out, for example entries and exits may become blocked preventing escape in emergencies.

    2.2           Assessing the risks
A risk assessment involves considering what could happen if someone was exposed to a hazard—the consequence—and the likelihood of this happening. A risk assessment can help you determine:
       if there is further action you should take to control the risk, and
       how urgently the action needs to be taken.
If you already know the risk and how to control it effectively, a risk assessment may be unnecessary. However, if circumstances or conditions change then the risk needs to be re-assessed.
Factors to consider when assessing risks from stevedoring operations include:
       the type of work being performed
       how many people are exposed
       communication methods and effectiveness
       the suitability of vehicles and equipment for the activity e.g. ropes and lifting gear
       time of day and hours of work
       the training, experience and competence of workers
       the work environment, and
       fatigue management.

    2.3           Controlling the risks
The ways of controlling work health and safety risks are ranked from the highest level of protection and reliability to the lowest. This ranking is known as the hierarchy of risk control. The highest level and most effective control is elimination where the hazard is completely removed. You must always aim to eliminate a hazard. If this is not reasonably practicable, you must minimise the risk by working through the other alternatives in the hierarchy.
Table 3 The hierarchy of control measures
Level    Control
Level 1  Elimination – the most effective control measure is to remove the hazard or hazardous work practice. For example, eliminate the need for workers to carry out work at heights by replacing manual twist locks with automatic twist locks.
         If elimination is not reasonably practicable, you must minimise the risk by following the control measures in the hierarchy below.
Level 2  Substitution – substitute