Document ID: chunk:federal_register_of_legislation:F2025C00050:body:0:p256
Version: federal_register_of_legislation:F2025C00050
Segment Type: other
Provision Reference: 
Character Range: 888193–892116

principles of hydromechanics, explain and compare the following:
(a)           transmission of force by an incompressible fluid;
(b)           transmission of force by a compressible fluid.
3.2                    Hydraulic systems
3.2.1              For the following:
(a)           describe the functioning of a typical hydraulic system comprising main, standby and emergency systems that have multiple pumps and services;
(b)           describe the purpose and function of the major components of a hydraulic system comprising:
             1.          pumps;
             2.          accumulators;
             3.         reservoirs;
             4.         selector valves;
             5.         check (one-way) valves;
(c)           recognise on a diagram the symbols for major components of a hydraulic system and be able to trace the functioning of a diagrammatic system (system detail at the level of typical operations manual diagram);
(d)           describe the typical services operated by a hydraulic system and for a typical system, how priority is allocated to certain services.
3.3                    Fuel system
3.3.1              Jet fuels
(a)           Avtur (Jet A1) – difference from other fuel cuts:
(i)             volatility;
(ii)            additives (discussion only);
(b)           specific gravity:
(i)             meaning;
(ii)            variation with temperature;
(iii)          effect of variation.
3.3.2              Carriage of fuel on aircraft
(a)           fuel tanks:
             1.          individual tanks;
(b)           CG balance during fuel usage;
(c)           problems:
             1.          algae, corrosion, water content;
(d)           need for venting.
3.3.3              Operation of fuel system
(a)           understand function of a typical multi-engine fuel system with multiple fuel tanks, tank-to-tank transfer;
(b)           understand purpose/function of major components (for example, engine-driven pumps (HP/LP), fuel tank pumps, override/transfer pumps jettison pumps, fuel/oil heat exchange, vent lines, single-point refuelling;
(c)           recognise on diagrams the symbols for major components and be able to trace the functioning off a diagrammatic system (system details at level of flight manual diagrams);
(d)           understand suction feed/transfer as backup for pressure feed/transfer.
3.3.4              Operational considerations
(a)           fuel temperature (max/min):
(i)             need for fuel heating (oil, bleed air);
(b)           cooling/lubrication of pumps;
(c)           cooling of oil/hydraulic systems:
(i)             effect of fuel flow rates;
(d)           minimum fuel level:
(i)             pick-up for delivery to engine;
(ii)            maintain oil/hydraulic cooling;
(iii)          effects of aircraft attitude;
(iv)          fuel jettison.
3.3.5              Fuel system monitoring
(a)           gauges:
(i)             fuel contents, flow meters;
(ii)            effect of check angle;
(iii)          likely errors;
(b)           warning systems;
             1.          low fuel level, low pressure warning;
(c)           measurement of tank contents:
(i)             dipstick/dripstick/floatsticks;
(ii)            importance of having aircraft level;
(iii)          precautions in use.
3.4                    Electrical systems
3.4.1              Selected components
(a)           bus:
(i)             concept of a bus;
(ii)            common terminology:
hot bus, emergency bus, essential bus.
(b)           circuit breaker:
(i)             function, precautions if resetting;
(ii)            multiple CB panels – need for identification;
(iii)          grid system of nomenclature (for example, CB G22 on P3 panel);
(c)           battery:
(i)             types of high performance batteries in common use;
(ii)            charge/discharge characteristics;
(iii)          precautions needed;
(d)           AC