Document ID: chunk:federal_register_of_legislation:F2025L00287:reg:3:p227
Version: federal_register_of_legislation:F2025L00287
Segment Type: reg
Provision Reference: reg 3 (pt 227/276)
Character Range: 832117–836397

shown in Map 52.

Ecology
Flowers functionally unisexual.

Habitat
This species grows in sheltered moist palm valley forest, moist upland hardwood forest and pine‑hardwood ridge forest (Invasive Species Council & TierraMar 2021). Young plants have some shade tolerance such that they are often found in gullies dominated by Norfolk Island palms (Rhopalostylis baueri; Gardner & de Lange 2002).

Threats
Threats to the species include weed invasion and competition and rodents eating seeds. Phytophthora cinnamomi is potentially a major risk.

Impact on other species
None known.
Map 52 Distribution of Pennantia endlicheri
Green outlines indicate reserves within which the species occurs. Green shading shows plant communities within which the species may occur (Christian & Mills 2021).

Risk assessment
Risk assessment undertaken for Endangered trees/shrubs as a grouping. The risk assessment is shown in Table 121.
Table 121 Risk assessment for Endangered trees/shrubs as a grouping
Risk                                                                                                               Likelihood of exposure    Consequence  Threat rating
1. Loss and fragmentation of native vegetation through past land clearing                                          Almost certain (91–100%)  Extreme      Extreme
2. Loss and fragmentation of native vegetation through current or future land clearing                             Rare (0–10%)              Negligible   Negligible
3. Degradation of native vegetation through past grazing or loss of nutrients                                      Almost certain (91–100%)  Extreme      Extreme
4. Degradation of native vegetation through current or future grazing                                              Possible (26–50%)         Moderate     Medium
6. Predation by rodents                                                                                            Almost certain (91–100%)  Moderate     High
7. Predation by cats                                                                                               Rare (0–10%)              Negligible   Negligible
8. Predation or damage by chickens                                                                                 Likely (51–90%)           Moderate     Medium
9. Predation by swamphens                                                                                          Rare (0–10%)              Negligible   Negligible
10. Predation by Argentine ant                                                                                     Possible (26–50%)         Minor        Low
11. Competition from/change of habitat because of weed invasion                                                    Almost certain (91–100%)  Major        Extreme
12. Infection by pathogens already present                                                                         Possible (26–50%)         Moderate     Medium
13. Impacts of potential new invasive species or pathogens                                                         Unlikely (11–25%)         Minor        Low
14. Changes to vegetation, increased fire risk and/or direct physiological stress as a result of climatic changes  Possible (26–50%)         Moderate     Medium
15. Problems caused by small populations, including lack of genetic diversity                                      Almost certain (91–100%)  Moderate     High

Management actions
Continue propagation and planting in suitable areas. Implement habitat protection and rehabilitation. Undertake ongoing targeted weed control and maintenance and ongoing rodent and chicken control.

Recovery target
The recovery target is shown in Table 122.
Table 122 Recovery target for Pennantia endlicheri
EPBC Act status  Estimated population (2023)  Where known populations occur  2034 target
Endangered       791                          >95% within the national park  1000

Relevant literature
Christian NE & Mills K (2021) Vegetation Mapping of Norfolk Island 2021. Unpublished data.
de Lange PJ & Murray BG (2003) Chromosome numbers of Norfolk Island endemic plants. Australian Journal of Botany 51, 211–215.
Director of National Parks (2010) Norfolk Island Region Threatened Species Recovery Plan. Department of the Environment, Water,