Document ID: chunk:federal_register_of_legislation:F2025C00150:reg:1:p18
Version: federal_register_of_legislation:F2025C00150
Segment Type: reg
Provision Reference: reg 1 (pt 18/29)
Character Range: 196396–207755

system layout, flushing and servicing;
Corrosion aspects.

Module 12 Helicopter aerodynamics, structures and systems

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                     Level of knowledge for the category
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                 A3  B1.3                                 B2

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                 A4  B1.4
12.1   Theory of flight — rotary wing aerodynamics                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                               1   2                                    —
Terminology;
Effects of gyroscopic precession;
Torque reaction and directional control;
Dissymmetry of lift, blade tip stall;
Translating tendency and its correction;
Coriolis effect and compensation;
Vortex ring state, power settling, overpitching;
Auto-rotation;
Ground effect.
12.2   Flight control systems                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    2   3                                    —
Cyclic control;
Collective control;
Swashplate;
Yaw control: Anti-torque control, tail rotor, bleed air;
Main rotor head: design and operation features;
Blade dampers: function and construction;
Rotor blades: main and tail rotor blade construction and attachment;
Trim control, fixed and adjustable stabilisers;
System operation: manual, hydraulic, electrical and fly‑by‑wire;
Artificial feel;
Balancing and rigging.
12.3   Blade tracking and vibration analysis                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                     1   3                                    —
Rotor alignment;
Main and tail rotor tracking;
Static and dynamic balancing;
Vibration types, vibration reduction methods;
Ground resonance.
12.4   Transmission                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              1   3                                    —
Gearboxes, main and tail rotors;
Clutches, freewheel units and rotor brake;
Tail rotor drive shafts, flexible couplings, bearings, vibration dampers and bearing hangers.
12.5   Airframe structures
(a)                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              2   2                                    —
    Airworthiness requirements for structural strength;
    Structural classification, primary, secondary and tertiary;
    Fail safe, safe life, damage tolerance concepts;
    Zonal and station identification systems;
    Stress, strain, bending, compression, shear, torsion, tension, hoop stress, fatigue;
    Drains and ventilation provisions;
    System installation provisions;
    Lightning strike protection provision;
(b)                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              1   2                                    —

    Construction methods of: stressed skin fuselage, formers, stringers, longerons, bulkheads, frames, doublers, struts, ties, beams, floor structures, reinforcement, methods of skinning and anti-corrosive protection;
    Pylon, stabiliser and undercarriage attachments;
    Seat installation;
    Doors: construction, mechanisms, operation and safety devices;
    Windows and windscreen construction;
    Fuel storage;
    Firewalls;
    Engine mounts;
    Structure assembly techniques: riveting, bolting, bonding;
    Methods of surface protection, such as chromating, anodising, painting;
    Surface cleaning;
    Airframe symmetry: methods of alignment and symmetry checks.
12.6   Air-conditioning (ATA21)
12.6.1   Air supply                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              1   2                                    —
Sources of air supply including engine bleed and ground cart.
12.6.2   Air-conditioning
Air-conditioning systems;                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        1   3                                    —
Distribution systems;
Flow and temperature control systems;
Protection and warning devices.
12.7   Instruments and avionic systems
12.7.1   Instrument systems (ATA31)                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              1   2                                    —
Pitot static: altimeter, air speed indicator, vertical speed indicator;
Gyroscopic: artificial horizon, attitude director, direction indicator, horizontal situation indicator, turn and slip indicator, turn coordinator;
Compasses: direct reading, remote reading;
Vibration indicating systems — HUMS;
Glass cockpit;
Other aircraft system indication.
12.7.2   Avionic systems                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                         1   1                                    —
Fundamentals of system layouts and operation of:
Auto flight (ATA22);
Communications (ATA23);
Navigation Systems (ATA34).
12.8   Electrical power (ATA24)                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  1   3                                    —
Batteries installation and operation;
DC power generation, AC power generation;
Emergency power generation;
Voltage regulation, circuit protection;
Power distribution;
Inverters,