Document ID: chunk:federal_register_of_legislation:F2024L01451:body:0:p21
Version: federal_register_of_legislation:F2024L01451
Segment Type: other
Provision Reference: 
Character Range: 62066–65601

– gyroplane

     1. Power plants and systems

     1.1 Prerotation systems

         1.1.1 Describe types of prerotation systems and their operation.

     2. Aerodynamics

     2.1 Lift and drag

         2.1.1 Match each of the following terms with an appropriate definition in relation to a gyroplane rotor:
         (a) production of lift by rotor;
         (b) advancing and retreating blades;
         (c) autorotation;
         (d) rotor disc area;
         (e) blade coning;
         (f) tip path plane;
         (g) disc loading;
         (h) translational lift;
         (i) retreating blade stall;
         (j) dissymmetry of lift;
         (k) teetering hinge;
         (l) centrifugal force;
         (m) effect of engine torque;
         (n) self-governing aspect;
         (o) reverse airflow;
         (p) coordinated flight.

     3. Rotor systems

     3.1 Rotor systems

         3.1.1 Describe the operation of the cyclic control.

         3.1.2 Describe the operation and application of the following:
         (a) trim devices;
         (b) rotor RPM gauge;
         (c) rotor brake;
         (d) prerotator/spin-up control;
         (e) achieving rotor rigidity;
         (f) securing rotor blades;
         (g) ground effect.

     4. Operations and performance

    4.1 Take-off and landing performance

         4.1.1 Describe effect of a cross-wind during taxi, take-off and landing.

         4.1.2 Describe use of height-velocity diagram.

         4.1.3 State effect (increase/decrease) of the following factors on take-off, landing, and take-off climb performance:
         (a) strength of headwind/tailwind component;
         (b) air temperature;
         (c) density height (non-standard conditions);
         (d) airfield elevation;
         (e) runway slope and surface, including wet and soft runways;
         (f) ground effect and windshear;
         (g) long and/or wet grass;
         (h) best angle of climb and best rate of climb.

    4.2 Descents

         4.2.1 State the effect on rate, angle of descent and attitude resulting from changes in the following:
         (a) power – constant IAS;
         (b) idle power – constant IAS.

         4.2.2 Describe methods of achieving maximum rate of descent.

         4.2.3 State the effect of headwind/tailwind on the glide path and glide distance (relevant to the earth's surface).

         4.2.4 Describe risks associated with minimum forward airspeed descents.

    4.3 Turning

         4.3.1 Describe rotor disc position in a turn.

         4.3.2 Describe what is meant by a balanced turn in relation to the yaw string.

         4.3.3 Explain why a gyroplane executing balanced level turns at low level may appear to slip or skid when turning from downwind and into wind and from into wind to downwind.

         4.3.4 State use of power in maintaining a level turn.

         4.3.5 Describe method of losing height in a turn.

    4.4 Level flight

         4.4.1 Describe the factors that determine maximum airspeed in level flight.

         4.4.2 Describe the factors that determine minimum airspeed for sustained level flight.

         4.4.3 Describe the power available and power required curves and their relationship to the following:
         (a) best speed for range;
         (b) best speed for endurance;
         (c) backside of the power curve;
         (d) behind the power curve.

    4.5 Landing

         4.5.1 Explain slowing rotor RPM post-landing.

    4.6 Gyroplane limitations

         4.6.1 Understand