Document ID: chunk:federal_register_of_legislation:F2017C00840:clause:1_1:p1
Version: federal_register_of_legislation:F2017C00840
Segment Type: clause
Provision Reference: sch 1 cl 1 (pt 1/3)
Character Range: 14266–17661

1               Definitions
In this instrument:
                               achalasia means failure of the lower oesophageal sphincter to relax with swallowing, due to degeneration of ganglion cells in the oesophageal wall.  The thoracic oesophagus also loses its normal peristaltic activity and becomes dilated.
                               alcohol is measured by the alcohol consumption calculations utilising the Australian Standard of ten grams of alcohol per standard alcoholic drink.

                               Barrett's oesophagus means metaplasia of the epithelium of the lower oesophagus from the normal stratified squamous epithelium to abnormal columnar epithelium.
                               being obese means having a Body Mass Index (BMI) of 30 or greater.

                               BMI = W/H2 and where:
                               W is the person's weight in kilograms; and
                               H is the person's height in metres.

     cumulative equivalent dose means the total dose of ionising radiation received by the particular organ or tissue from external exposure, internal exposure or both, apart from normal background radiation exposure in Australia, calculated in accordance with the methodology set out in Guide to calculation of 'cumulative equivalent dose' for the purpose of applying ionising radiation factors contained in Statements of Principles determined under Part XIA of the Veterans' Entitlements Act 1986 (Cth), Australian Radiation Protection and Nuclear Safety Agency, as in force on 2 August 2017.
          Note 1: Examples of circumstances that might lead to exposure to ionising radiation include being present during or subsequent to the testing or use of nuclear weapons, undergoing diagnostic or therapeutic medical procedures involving ionising radiation, and being a member of an aircrew, leading to increased levels of exposure to cosmic radiation.
          Note 2: For the purpose of dose reconstruction, dose is calculated as an average over the mass of a specific tissue or organ. If a tissue is exposed to multiple sources of ionising radiation, the various dose estimates for each type of radiation must be combined.
                               hot beverages means beverages that are consumed at temperatures of at least 60 degrees Celsius.
                                  malignant neoplasm of the oesophagus—see subsection 7(2).
                               MRCA means the Military Rehabilitation and Compensation Act 2004.
                               pack-years of cigarettes, or the equivalent thereof in other tobacco products means a calculation of consumption where one pack-year of cigarettes equals 20 tailor-made cigarettes per day for a period of one calendar year, or 7 300 cigarettes.  One tailor-made cigarette approximates one gram of tobacco or one gram of cigar or pipe tobacco by weight.  One pack-year of tailor-made cigarettes equates to 7.3 kilograms of smoking tobacco by weight.  Tobacco products mean cigarettes, pipe tobacco or cigars, smoked alone or in any combination.
                               pernicious anaemia means a type of megaloblastic anaemia usually seen in older adults, involving impaired intestinal absorption of vitamin B12 due to lack of availability of intrinsic factor.  It is characterised by pallor, achlorhydria, glossitis, gastric mucosal