Document ID: chunk:federal_register_of_legislation:F2013C00288:reg:2:p5
Version: federal_register_of_legislation:F2013C00288
Segment Type: reg
Provision Reference: reg 2 (pt 5/6)
Character Range: 2105193–2108739

and International sources:

Source              Value                       Basis/Comments
Australian
ADWG (NHMRC 2011)   TDI = 0.002 mg/kg/day       No quantitative evaluation is available in the previous ADWG (NHMRC 2004) due to lack of suitable oral data.
                                                TDI presented in ADWG (NHMRC 2011) and is derived from the WHO (2001) evaluation as noted below.
International
WHO (2001)          TDI = 0.002 mg/kg/day       TDI derived on the same basis as the RfD derived by the US EPA (noted below).
                    TC = 0.02 µg/m3             TC based on the development of chronic beryllium disease in exposed workers, consistent with the study used by the US EPA (noted below).
                                                Note that beryllium is included in the rolling revisions to the DWG. The current guidelines (WHO 2011) adopt the same TDI as noted in the WHO (2001) review.
ATSDR (2002)        Oral MRL = 0.002 mg/kg/day  Chronic oral MRL derived on the same basis as the US EPA (IRIS, 2010) evaluation below.
US EPA (IRIS 2012)  RfD = 0.002 mg/kg/day       RfD based on a BMD of 0.46 mg/kg/day associated with a 10% increase in inflammatory lesions in the small intestines of male and female dogs (1976 study) and a 300-fold uncertainty factor.
                    RfC = 0.02 µg/m3            RfC based on a LOAEL (HEC) of 0.0002 mg/kg/day associated with lung effects in a human study and a 10-fold uncertainty factor.

The available international sources reference the same key studies and have derived the same toxicity reference values.
No dermal-specific studies or data are available. For the presence of beryllium in soil it is considered appropriate to consider use of the available TDI for all oral and dermal pathways of exposure (taking into account the relevant gastrointestinal absorption factor noted above).

    2.4.3         Recommendation
On the basis of the discussion above, the following toxicity reference values (TRVs) have been adopted for beryllium in the derivation of HILs:

2.5              Calculated HILs
On the basis of the above, the following HILs have been derived for beryllium (refer to Appendix B for equations used to calculate the HILs and Appendix C for calculations):
HIL Scenario            HIL (mg/kg)                      Percentage Contribution from Exposure Pathways
Ingestion of Soil/Dust  Ingestion of Home-grown Produce  Dermal Absorption of Soil/Dust                  Inhalation (dust)
Residential A           60                               30                                              12                 56  2
Residential B           90                               11                                              --                 86  3
Recreational C          90                               20                                              --                 79  1
Commercial D            500                              8                                               --                 88  4

-- Pathway not included in derivation of HIL

2.6              References
ATSDR 2002, Toxicological Profile for Beryllium, September 2002. Available from ATSDR website: http://www.atsdr.cdc.gov/toxfaqs/TF.asp?id=185&tid=33
DEC 2003, Ambient Air Quality Research Project (19962001), Internal working paper no. 4, Ambient concentrations of heavy metals in NSW, Department of Environment and Conservation (NSW).
Deubner, DC, Lowney, YW, Paustenbach, DJ & Warmerdam, J 2001, 'Contribution of Incidental Exposure Pathways to Total