Document ID: chunk:federal_register_of_legislation:F2015L01818:front:0:p73
Version: federal_register_of_legislation:F2015L01818
Segment Type: other
Provision Reference: 
Character Range: 210057–213053

process under the EPBC Act and a comprehensive control program in the park is ongoing. At the time of preparing this plan, control principally comprises monthly baiting using 1080 poison. The abundance of species known to be susceptible to fox predation is regularly monitored to test the effectiveness of fox control (see Section 6.8, Native Species).

Rabbits and introduced rodents can be a nuisance around developed areas of the park such as camping areas and the Botanic Gardens. Deer of several species represent a potential and emerging threat to park values.

Introduced flora
A total of 129 species of introduced flora have been identified in the park (Taws 1997). Some of these are native Australian species but are not native to the area.

Bitou bush (Chrysanthemoides monilifera) is the most significant weed in Booderee. Bitou is listed as a weed of national significance in the 2006 Australian Weeds Strategy and is also listed under the NSW Noxious Weeds Act 1993. Invasion of natural plant communities by bitou bush is declared a key threatening process under NSW legislation and a threat abatement plan for NSW was approved in 2006.

Bitou dominates the dune system of Booderee and also occurs in forest, woodland and coastal vegetation communities. The continuing spread of bitou into otherwise undisturbed native vegetation is a significant threat to the park's ecological integrity. An integrated approach involving several methods of control is used in the park, including physical (fire, hand pulling), chemical (aerial and on-ground) and biological methods.

Other introduced plants in the park include castor oil plant (Ricinus communis), Kikuyu grass (Pennisetum clandestinum), dipogon vine (Dipogon lignosus), Madeira vine (Anredera cordifolia), conifer wildings (Pinus spp.) from past forestry operations and moth vine (Araujia hortorum); escaped garden plants from nearby residential areas represent a future threat to park values. Infestations of these plants are usually small-scale although control of Kikuyu on Bowen Island is regularly required to protect seabird nesting sites.

In the Botanic Gardens, some non-local native plants such as kangaroo paws (Anigozanthus spp.) and Cordyline stricta have become serious environmental weeds and occur outside the cultivated area. Native conifers planted as part of past forestry operations are also potentially invasive.

Some introduced species such as ribgrass (Plantago lanceolata) and inkweed (Phytolacca octandra) are used by traditional owners for medicinal purposes. Where these species are non-invasive, they do not present control problems for the park.

A weed management strategy is developed every five years for the park and includes profiles of the main weeds, prescriptions for their control and locations of infestations. The strategy is implemented by park staff and the volunteer group Parkcare. Under the strategy a bitou control plan is also prepared.

Pathogens
Chytrid fungus (Batrachochytrium