Document ID: chunk:federal_register_of_legislation:F2005B01602:body:0:p1
Version: federal_register_of_legislation:F2005B01602
Segment Type: other
Provision Reference: 
Character Range: 0–2801

INSTRUMENT NUMBER DASR 3/1994

Civil Aviation Act 1988

Civil Aviation Regulations

I, COLIN TORKINGTON, Acting Director, Directorate of Aviation Safety Regulation, a delegate of the Civil Aviation Authority, under regulation 174D of the Civil Aviation Regulations, issue the instructions set out in the Schedule.

SCHEDULE

Part 1—Position fixing

Position fixing
1.1 (1)  The pilot in command of an aircraft operating under the V.F.R. and navigating by means of radio navigation equipment must obtain a positive position fix in accordance with the requirements of Part 2:
 (a) by using a non-directional beacon; or
       (b) by using a VHF omni-directional radio range; or
       (c) by using distance measuring equipment; or
       (d) determined by the intersection of 2 or more position lines from radio navigation aids which intersect at an angle of 45° or more.

 (2)  A position line referred to in paragraph (1) (d) must be within the rated coverage of the radio navigation aid.

 (3)  If a position fix is determined only by position lines from non directional beacons, subclause (2) does not apply and the intersection of the position lines must be not more than 30 miles from each of the beacons.

Part 2—Navigation requirements

V.F.R. flights
2.1 (1)  Subject to this clause, the pilot in command of an aircraft operating under the V.F.R. must navigate the aircraft:
       (a) by visual reference to the ground or water; or
       (b) in accordance with this clause.

 (2)  The pilot in command of an aircraft that is operating under V.F.R. at a height of 2,000 feet or less above the ground or water must navigate the aircraft in accordance with paragraph (1) (a).

 (3)  If navigating by visual reference to the ground or water, the pilot in command of an aircraft operating under the V.F.R. must positively fix the aircraft's position by reference to topographical features at intervals of not less than 30 minutes.

 (4)  The pilot in command of an aircraft:
       (a) operating under the V.F.R.; and
       (b) not navigating by visual reference to the ground or water;
must ensure that the aircraft is navigated by:
       (c) a full time licensed flight navigator; or
       (d) a self-contained navigation system; or
       (e) a long-range radio navigation system; or
       (f) use of a radio navigation system.

 (5)  An aircraft must not be navigated by use of a radio navigation system under paragraph (4) (d) except on routes on which the aircraft can be navigated as follows:
       (a) after making a positive position fix, and allowing for possible tracking errors of +/-9.5° from that fix, the aircraft will come within the rated coverage of a radio aid which can be used to fix the position of the aircraft;
       (b) the maximum time period between positive