Document ID: chunk:federal_register_of_legislation:F2025L00287:reg:3:p49
Version: federal_register_of_legislation:F2025L00287
Segment Type: reg
Provision Reference: reg 3 (pt 49/276)
Character Range: 201835–207583

shearwater
                                                                                                                                                                   * White tern
Selwyn Reserve c g                                                                      * Achyranthes arborescens                                                  * White tern                                                       Selwyn Reserve contains several native vegetation types including coastal cliff communities and some rainforest in the gully (sheltered coastal forest and coastal pine and white oak forest). The reserve provides important habitat for a variety of sea and land birds as well as for native vegetation.
                                                                                        * Coprosma bauer                                                           * Wedge-tailed shearwater                                          Threatened flora common in the reserve include Senecio australis, Coprosma baueri, Meryta latifolia and Pteris kingiana.
                                                                                        * Cordyline obtecta                                                        * Red-tailed tropicbird                                            The Norfolk Island golden whistler and Norfolk Island robin are common in the remnant forest and older plantation areas in the northern section.
                                                                                        * Dysoxylum bijugum                                                        * Norfolk Island golden whistler
                                                                                        * Meryta latifolia                                                         * Norfolk Island robin
                                                                                        * Myoporum obscurum                                                        * Norfolk Island green parrot
                                                                                        * Myrsine ralstoniae
                                                                                        * Pittosporum bracteolatum
                                                                                        * Pteris kingiana
                                                                                        * Senecio australis
                                                                                        * Streblus pendulinus
Steels Point                                                                            * Melicytus latifolius                                                     * None                                                             Remnant patches of forest including some areas that are protected from grazing.
Two Chimneys Reserve b c                                                                * Coprosma baueri                                                          * Black noddy                                                      The reserve has remnant coastal pine and white oak forest and sheltered coastal forest, with significant recent regeneration of pines since stock grazing was removed.
                                                                                        * Cordyline obtecta e                                                      * Red-tailed tropicbird                                            In 2019, Norfolk Island Regional Council and Parks Australia installed nest boxes to increase nesting sites for the Norfolk Island morepork in Two Chimneys, Ball Bay and Bumbora Reserves.
                                                                                        * Dysoxylum bijugum e                                                      * Wedge-tailed shearwater
                                                                                        * Meryta latifolia e                                                       * White tern
                                                                                        * Myoporum obscurum e
                                                                                        * Myrsine ralstoniae
                                                                                        * Pittosporum bracteolatum
                                                                                        * Senecio australis

a Listed under EPBC Act as threatened and/or migratory and/or marine.
b Place removed from the Commonwealth Heritage List (ownership transferred to NIRC).
c Listed on the Norfolk Island Heritage List for its natural values.
d Indicative Place on the Commonwealth Heritage List (formal nomination has not been made).
e Planted.
f Nominated Place on the Commonwealth Heritage List.
g Listed on the Commonwealth Heritage List for its natural values.
Sources: Gilmour & Helman 1989a, 1989b; Norfolk Island Conservation Society 1988; Mills 2007b. Reserve Plans of Management (NIRC 2020a-r); Australian Heritage Database (DCCEEW n.d.).

Part 2—Pressures and risks

2.1         Pressures

2.1.1        Current and past pressures
Oceanic islands contribute only 6.7% of the world's land surface area but collectively support approximately 20% of Earth's known biodiversity (Tershy et al. 2015; Fernandez-Palacios et al. 2021). The isolated nature of islands makes them particularly susceptible to threatening processes, and 75% of the known extinctions since the global European expansion have occurred on islands (Fernandez‑Palacios et al. 2021). Tallied taxonomically, 94% of birds, 90% of reptiles, 54% of mammals and 68% of vascular plants known to have