Document ID: chunk:federal_register_of_legislation:F2021L01385:reg:9:p1
Version: federal_register_of_legislation:F2021L01385
Segment Type: reg
Provision Reference: reg 9 (pt 1/2)
Character Range: 4050–7111

9               Factors that must exist
At least one of the following factors must exist before it can be said that, on the balance of probabilities, chronic gastritis or chronic gastropathy or death from chronic gastritis or chronic gastropathy is connected with the circumstances of a person's relevant service:
(1)          for chronic gastritis only:
(a)          having a Helicobacter pylori infection of the gastric mucosa before the clinical onset of chronic gastritis;

(b)          having Helicobacter heilmannii sensu lato infection of the gastric mucosa before the clinical onset of chronic gastritis;

Note: Helicobacter heilmannii sensu lato is defined in the Schedule 1 - Dictionary.
(c)          having an infection of the gastric mucosa from the specified list of infections at the time of the clinical onset of chronic gastritis;

Note: specified list of infections is defined in the Schedule 1 - Dictionary.
(d)          being in an immunocompromised state as specified at the time of the clinical onset of chronic gastritis; or

               Note: immunocompromised state as specified is defined in the Schedule 1 - Dictionary.
(e)          taking an immune checkpoint inhibitor for at least the 4 weeks before the clinical onset of chronic gastritis;

               Note: Examples of immune checkpoint inhibitors include ipilimumab, tremelimumab, nivolumab and pembrolizumab.
(2)          for chronic gastropathy only:
(a)          having reflux of bile acids into the stomach at the time of the clinical onset of chronic gastropathy;

               Note: Examples of circumstances in which reflux of bile acids into the stomach can occur include post-gastrectomy, post-biliary surgery and decreased gastric or duodenal motility.
(b)          taking a non-topical, non-steroidal, anti-inflammatory drug, including aspirin, on more days than not for a continuous period of at least 2 weeks, within the 30 days before the clinical onset of chronic gastropathy;

(c)          taking a drug from the Specified List 1 of drugs for at least the 4 weeks before the clinical onset of chronic gastropathy;

Note: Specified List 1 of drugs is defined in the Schedule 1 - Dictionary.
(d)          consuming an average of at least 350 grams of alcohol per week for at least the 5 years before the clinical onset of chronic gastropathy;

               Note: Alcohol consumption is calculated utilising the Australian Standard of 10 grams of alcohol per standard alcoholic drink.
(e)          undergoing a course of therapeutic radiation for cancer, where the stomach was in the field of radiation, within the 1 year before the clinical onset of chronic gastropathy; or

(f)           having received yttrium-90 microspheres as therapy for primary and metastatic liver tumours, within the 1 year before the clinical onset of chronic gastropathy;

(3)          having reflux of bile acids into the stomach at the time of the clinical worsening of chronic gastritis or chronic gastropathy;
            Note: Examples of circumstances in which reflux of