Document ID: chunk:federal_register_of_legislation:F2025L00287:reg:3:p201
Version: federal_register_of_legislation:F2025L00287
Segment Type: reg
Provision Reference: reg 3 (pt 201/276)
Character Range: 740169–744516

grouping
Risk                                                                                                               Likelihood of exposure    Consequence  Threat rating
1. Loss and fragmentation of native vegetation through past land clearing                                          Almost certain (91–100%)  Extreme      Extreme
2. Loss and fragmentation of native vegetation through current or future land clearing                             Rare (0–10%)              Negligible   Negligible
3. Degradation of native vegetation through past grazing or loss of nutrients                                      Almost certain (91–100%)  Extreme      Extreme
4. Degradation of native vegetation through current or future grazing                                              Possible (26–50%)         Moderate     Medium
6. Predation by rodents                                                                                            Rare (0–10%)              Negligible   Negligible
7. Predation by cats                                                                                               Rare (0–10%)              Negligible   Negligible
8. Predation or damage by chickens                                                                                 Rare (0–10%)              Negligible   Negligible
9. Predation by swamphens                                                                                          Rare (0–10%)              Negligible   Negligible
10. Predation by Argentine ant                                                                                     Rare (0–10%)              Negligible   Negligible
11. Competition from/change of habitat because of weed invasion                                                    Unlikely (11–25%)         Minor        Low
12. Infection by pathogens already present                                                                         Rare (0–10%)              Negligible   Negligible
13. Impacts of potential new invasive species or pathogens                                                         Unlikely (11–25%)         Minor        Low
14. Changes to vegetation, increased fire risk and/or direct physiological stress as a result of climatic changes  Almost certain (91–100%)  Major        Extreme
15. Problems caused by small populations, including lack of genetic diversity                                      Almost certain (91–100%)  Moderate     High

Management actions
Undertake targeted weed control and maintenance around existing plants, ensuring shaded areas are not opened too quickly. Undertake revegetation/habitat restoration. Undertake propagation from cuttings or seed and plantings within suitable areas.

Recovery target
The recovery target is shown in Table 90.
Table 90 Recovery target for Elatostema montanum
EPBC Act status        Estimated population (2023)  Where known populations occur  2034 target
Critically Endangered  26                           100% within the national park  100

Relevant literature
Christian NE & Mills K (2021) Vegetation Mapping of Norfolk Island 2021. Unpublished data.
Invasive Species Council & TierraMar (2021) The Native Plant Communities of Norfolk Island. Invasive Species Council, Katoomba, NSW.
Gilmour PM & Helman CE (1989b) The Vegetation of Norfolk Island National Park. Report to the Australian National Parks and Wildlife Service, Norfolk Island.
Mills K (2012b) The Flora of Norfolk Island. Report 14. The Endangered Plants in the national park: Field Survey and Review. Kevin Mills & Associates, Jamberoo, NSW.
Sykes W & Atkinson I (1988) Rare and Endangered Plants of Norfolk Island. Unpublished report to the Australian National Parks and Wildlife Service, Norfolk Island.
TSSC (Threatened Species Scientific Committee) (2003e) Commonwealth Listing Advice—Critically Endangered Elatostema montanum (Mountain Procris, a herb).

Euphorbia norfolkiana—Norfolk Island euphorbia
Family EUPHORBIACEAE

Conservation significance
Endemic to Norfolk Island.
EPBC Act Listing Status: Critically Endangered.

Description
A dense low shrub usually growing to 1m but sometimes to 3m tall with olive green flowers.

Distribution and abundance
There were 38 mature individuals of Euphorbia norfolkiana known in 2003 (TSSC 2003a). A 2007 survey found a total of 104 plants on Norfolk Island,