Document ID: chunk:federal_register_of_legislation:F2018L00053:body:0:p29
Version: federal_register_of_legislation:F2018L00053
Segment Type: other
Provision Reference: 
Character Range: 72887–75810

and Validation Reports have also been prepared for parts of the site. A remediation and environmental management strategy has also been developed, which was based on the previous assessment reports and the recommendations provided by the audit. The remediation strategy and other environmental requirements are to be documented in the Environmental Management Plan (EMP) for the island. A summary of this strategy is provided in the 'Outcomes' section of this Plan. Details of the extensive building decontamination, remediation, assessment and monitoring projects completed by the Harbour Trust on Cockatoo Island are discussed later in this Plan.
The following provides a summary of site conditions at the time of the closure of the Dockyard.

Soils and fill
In its original state, Cockatoo Island was a heavily timbered knoll occupying approximately 13 hectares. Filling occurred from the early development of the site, finally increasing the island's area to the current 17.9 hectares. From the establishment of the penal settlement, cut fill and trade wastes were disposed by addition to the Island's foreshores. After the Fitzroy Dock was completed in 1857, the industrial component of the fill is likely to have increased. From 1910 industrial trade wastes were transported out to sea for disposal, however the disposal of building rubble and other solid wastes continued along the shorelines. By 1917, all but the north-western shoreline was completed to the present extent.
Barge disposal at sea ceased in 1940 and trade wastes were added to the rubble used for shoreline advancement in the northwest part of the Island until 1960. As a result, much of the fill used on Cockatoo Island included sandstone, demolition rubble, slag, ash, coke, scrap metal, fibro cement and general rubbish. Contamination in these materials was predominantly heavy metals, Polyaromatic Hydrocarbons (PAHs) and asbestos. Historical evidence also suggested that process wastes were routinely disposed in this area. These wastes included electroplating sludge (heavy metals, cyanides) and anti-foul wastes (mainly Tributyltin - TBT).
Studies showed that fill in other areas of the island had a higher component of natural materials, being mainly sandstone, marine sands and silt with some building rubble and process wastes. However, in addition to filling, there were other sources of contamination (or laydown mechanisms) at Cockatoo Island. A draft report prepared by Sinclair Knight Merz in 2003 listed the main types:
  * Localised dumping and/or spillage of wastes associated with former operations, examples include:
      + The former pipe laundry (Buildings 32 and 33) area, located at the north eastern corner of the site where chlorinated solvents were used and stored;
      + Grit blast wastes containing heavy metals that remain on the surface of the southern apron and in the power house/ coal bunker area;
  * Leakage of