Document ID: chunk:federal_register_of_legislation:F2025L00287:reg:3:p149
Version: federal_register_of_legislation:F2025L00287
Segment Type: reg
Provision Reference: reg 3 (pt 149/276)
Character Range: 573718–576680

Parks and Wildlife Service, Canberra.
Nance AH, Mitchell W, Clarke RH, Wilson M, Brown SM, Macgregor NA, Dutson G & Garnett ST (2021b) Norfolk Island Robin Petroica multicolor, in ST Garnett & GB Baker (eds), The Action Plan for Australian Birds 2020. CSIRO Publishing, Melbourne. pp. 741-744.
Robinson D (1988) Ecology and Management of the Scarlet Robin, White-breasted White-eye, and Long-billed White-eye of Norfolk Island. Consultants' report to the Australian National Parks and Wildlife Service, Canberra.
Robinson D (1997) An evaluation of the status of the Norfolk Island Robin following rat-control and weed-control works in the Norfolk Island National Park. Report to Environment Australia, Canberra.
Schodde R, Fullagar P & Hermes N (1983) A review of Norfolk Island birds past and present (Special Publication No. 8). Australian National Parks and Wildlife Service, Canberra.

Zosterops albogularis—white-breasted white-eye, grinnell

Conservation significance
Endemic to Norfolk Island.
EPBC Act Listing Status: Extinct
Non-statutory Listing Status: Classified as extinct in the Action Plan for Australian Birds 2020 (Garnett & Baker 2021).

Distribution and abundance
Early records suggest the white-breasted white-eye (Zosterops albogularis) was common and widespread on the island before the end of the 1800s, after which the population declined dramatically to an estimate of fewer than 50 birds by 1962 (Schodde et al. 1983). By the 1970s the population had further declined and there have only been scattered sightings over the last two decades including two in 1991, four in 1994 and one in 2000 (Garnett & Crowley 2000).
The last reported confirmed sighting was in 2004 (Christian 2005). While the Action Plan for Australian Birds 2010 (Garnett et al. 2011) assessed the species as Critically Endangered, the more recent assessment is that there was a high probability that the species was already extinct in 2010 and that persistence a decade later is not possible (Clarke et al. 2021).

Ecology
The species was a tree-creeper feeding on small insects in the canopy.

Habitat
The species occurred mainly in native forest that was free of weeds, though there were earlier records of nesting in orchards and red guava. The last sightings were in the national park.

Threats
The decline of this species was probably due primarily to predation by black rats, with additional pressure from clearing of habitat and competition from the self-introduced Australian silvereye (Z. lateralis; Clarke et al. 2021).

Impact on other species
None known.

Management actions
Actions to support other passerines would provide some benefit to this species; however, the species is no longer thought to persist on the island.

Relevant literature
Bell BD (1990) The status and management of the White-breasted White-eye and other birds of Norfolk Island. Unpublished report to the Australian Nature Conservation Agency.
Christian M (2005) Norfolk Island…the