Document ID: chunk:federal_register_of_legislation:F2013C00288:reg:3:p7
Version: federal_register_of_legislation:F2013C00288
Segment Type: reg
Provision Reference: reg 3 (pt 7/8)
Character Range: 2796095–2801024

are likely to include short duration peaks of higher concentrations. This approach (by WHO) is consistent with that adopted in the assessment of exposures by the general public, based on occupational studies, in Australia.
    * Based on the above, both the WHO and US EPA reviews have considered the same key studies and database of information. However, the interpretation of uncertainty in relation to the use of occupational studies for establishing criteria for the general public differs. Where the range of potential RfCs (from suitable available studies) was considered by US EPA (including consideration of uncertainty factors), the inhalation value of 0.2 mg/m3 derived by WHO (2006) lies at the lower end of the range of criteria derived. Hence adopting the WHO (2006) inhalation TRV of 0.2 mg/m3 is considered appropriate for the derivation of soil vapour Interim HILs.

    3.5.3         Recommendation
In relation to PCE, only soil vapour Interim HILs have been derived. Hence, only the inhalation pathway has been quantified in the development of these HILs. On the basis of the discussion above, the following inhalation toxicity reference values (TRVs) have been adopted for PCE:

3.6              Calculated Interim HILs
On the basis of the above, the following interim soil vapour HILs have been derived for PCE (refer to Appendix B for equations used to calculate the HILs and Appendix C for calculations):
HIL Scenario                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                           Interim Soil Vapour HIL# (mg/m3)
Residential A                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          2
Residential B                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          2
Recreational C                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                         40
Commercial D                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                           8
# Interim soil gas HILs are conservative soil gas concentrations that can be adopted for the purpose of screening sites where further investigation is required on a site-specific basis. They are based on the potential for vapour intrusion indoors using an indoor air-to-soil gas attenuation factor of 0.01 for scenarios A, B and D and an outdoor attenuation factor of 0.005 for scenario C.

3.7              References
ATSDR 1997, Toxicological Profile for Tetrachloroethylene, available from: http://www.atsdr.cdc.gov/ToxProfiles/tp.asp?id=265&tid=48.
Cavalleri, A, Gobba, F, Paltrinieri, M, Fantuzzi, G, Righi, E & Aggazzotti, G 1994, 'Perchloroethylene exposure can induce colour vision loss', Neurosci. Lett. vol. 179, pp. 162166, http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0304-3940(94)90959-8.
DEC 2003, Ambient Air Quality Research Project (1996-2001), Internal working paper no. 4, Ambient concentrations of heavy metals in NSW, Department of Environment and Conservation (NSW).
Echeverria, D, White, RF & Sampaio, C 1995, 'A behavioral evaluation of PCE exposure in patients and dry cleaners: A possible relationship between clinical and preclinical effects', J. Occup. Environ. Med. Vol. 37, pp. 667680.
Health Canada 1993, Tetrachloroethylene, Priority Substances List, Assessment Report.
Hawas, O, Hawker, D, Chan, A, Cohen, D, Christensen, E, Golding, G & Vowles, P 2001, 'Characterisation and Identification of Sources of Volatile Organic Compounds in an Industrial Area in Brisbane', 16th Int. Clean Air