Document ID: chunk:federal_register_of_legislation:F2013C00288:reg:3:p6
Version: federal_register_of_legislation:F2013C00288
Segment Type: reg
Provision Reference: reg 3 (pt 6/7)
Character Range: 2949824–2952801

in accordance with the recommendations outlined by enHealth (2012a). Young child residents and recreational users, while assessed on the basis of parameters relevant to 23 year old children, have been taken to be representative of children aged between 0 and 6 years of age who live within the same dwelling or visit the same open space area for their entire childhood.

3.2.5.3         Commercial/industrial land use scenario (HIL D)
Adults of working age are the population usually most sensitive to health risks associated with soil contamination within the generic commercial/industrial land use scenario. Although many commercial premises welcome children on an intermittent basis, it is unlikely that children visit the majority of workplaces frequently. Similarly, in commercial premises where children are regular visitors, such as shopping centres, both the duration and frequency of child exposures are generally lower than that of a full-time adult employee.

In accordance with the recommendations outlined in enHealth (2004), the adult employees addressed in the HIL D values have been considered to work within the same commercial/industrial premises for their full working life (30 years). The HILs developed for the commercial/industrial land use scenario are not applicable to a site used frequently by more sensitive groups such as children (within childcare centres, hospitals and hotels) and the elderly (within hospitals, aged care facilities and hospices).

3.3              Exposure pathways
For each land use, consideration has been given to the ways in which people could be exposed to soil contamination. The term 'exposure pathway' is used to describe the course that a contaminant takes from its source area to reach an exposed population. An exposure pathway is considered to be complete when a receptor (for example, resident or worker) receives a dose of the contaminant.

For the purposes of developing the HILs, it has been assumed that exposure could potentially occur via the following exposure pathways:
    * incidental ingestion of surface soil and indoor dust
    * indoor and outdoor inhalation of dust
    * consumption of home-grown produce (including vegetables and fruit, but excluding poultry meat and eggs)
    * consumption of soil adhering to home-grown produce
    * dermal contact with surface soil and dust particulates
    * indoor and outdoor inhalation of vapours derived from soil.
Not all exposure pathways are relevant to all land use categories. For example, in the open space scenario, it is assumed that there are no permanently occupied buildings in which indoor air could be impacted by vapours derived from the underlying soil. Hence, exposure to soil contaminants within open space areas occurs largely in the outdoor environment and the exposure pathway of indoor vapour inhalation is not applicable. Similarly, the consumption of home-grown produce and soil adhering to home-grown produce is only applicable to