Document ID: chunk:federal_register_of_legislation:F2025C00050:body:0:p266
Version: federal_register_of_legislation:F2025C00050
Segment Type: other
Provision Reference: 
Character Range: 924328–928646

machine;
(b)           brief outline of operation of system:
(i)             single zone; and
(ii)            multi-zone;
(c)           purpose and need for humidifier.
3.3                    Ice and rain protection
3.3.1              Distinction between anti-ice and de-ice systems.
3.4                    Landing gear
3.4.1              Wheel systems
(a)           main components;
(b)           brief outline of typical retract and extend operation:
(i)             normal operation;
(ii)            alternative operation;
(iii)          emergency operation.
3.4.2              Wheels and tyres
(a)           Wheel and brake energy limits.
3.4.3              Braking systems
(a)           typical systems;
(b)           typical sources of power for normal, alternate and emergency systems -hydraulic supply and backup emergency air bottles;
(c)           parking brake.
3.4.4              Steering systems
(a)           types available:
(i)             tail rotor steering (pedals);
(ii)            differential braking;
(b)           degree of steering available with each-possibility of rollover.
3.5                    Actuating systems
3.5.1              Basic principles of hydromechanics
(a)           principle of transmission of force by an incompressible fluid;
(b)           brief comparison with use of a compressible fluid.
3.5.2              Thermal ice protection
(a)           where used:
(i)             flying surfaces;
(ii)            air intakes;
(iii)          pitot and other sensors;
(iv)          windshields;
(b)           methods:
(i)             electric;
(ii)            air;
(iii)          oil;
(c)           limitations.
3.5.3              Fluid ice protection
(a)           where used:
(i)             ground de-icing;
(b)           limitations.
3.5.4              Rain removal from windscreen
(a)           wipers.
3.5.5              Effects on helicopter performance
(a)           ice accumulation;
(b)           use of engine air bleed ice control systems.

4.                       Power plants – turbine engine
4.1                    Engine design
(a)           types of engine:
(i)             differences and advantages;
(ii)            centrifugal flow;
(iii)          axial flow;
(iv)          bypass engine;
(v)           bypass ratio;
(b)           power train:
(i)             fixed shaft – 'clutch';
(ii)            free power turbine;
(iii)          twin pack, combining gear box;
(iv)          torque sharing.
4.2                    Engine construction
(a)           intake:
(i)             purpose and /function of intake;
(ii)            location relative to engine;
(iii)          vulnerability to icing;
(b)           compressor:
(i)             purpose and function of compressor;
(ii)            centrifugal, axial;
(iii)          single, twin,  and multiple:
(A)          inlet guide vanes;
(B)          vulnerability to icing;
(C)          bleed air provisions;
(D)          compressor stalling;
(iv)          causes, symptoms, avoidance;
(v)           unloading compressor during start.
(c)           combustion system:
(i)             purpose (function of combustion system);
(ii)            combustion chamber;
(iii)          individual/annular:
(A)          fuel injectors;
(B)          igniters;
(C)          air/fuel ratios.
(d)           turbine:
(i)             purpose/function of turbine;
(ii)            thermal and mechanical stress;
(iii)          effects of damage;
(iv)          monitoring turbine temperature;
(v)           need to monitor inlet temperature;
(vi)          difficulties/compromise in monitoring;
(vii)        terminology – TIT, ITT, TGT, etc.
(e)           exhaust:
(i)             purpose/function of exhaust;
(ii)            sources of noise;
(iii)          EGT, JPT;
(f)             torque measuring/torque sharing:
(i)             governor inputs.
4.3                    Auxiliary power unit (APU)
(a)           purpose/function of APU;
(b)           types commonly available;
(c)           outputs available;
(d)           availability determined by AFM:
(i)             use in flight;
(ii)            start in flight;
(iii)          outputs available in flight.
4.4                    Operational considerations
(a)           use of bleed air;
(i)             effect on performance;
(ii)            engine indications;
(iii)