Document ID: chunk:federal_register_of_legislation:F2023L00129:reg:20:p19
Version: federal_register_of_legislation:F2023L00129
Segment Type: reg
Provision Reference: reg 20 (pt 19/29)
Character Range: 271140–274225

Engines with an individual cylinder displacement that exceeds the limits defined in paragraphs 5.2.3.4.1. and 5.2.3.4.2. may be considered to belong to the same family with the approval of the Type Approval Authority. The approval shall be based on technical elements (calculations, simulations, experimental results etc.) showing that exceeding the limits does not have a significant influence on the exhaust emissions.
5.2.3.5. Method of air aspiration
(a) Naturally aspirated;
(b) Pressure charged;
(c) Pressure charged with charge cooler.
       5.2.3.6. Fuel type
(a) Diesel;
(b) Natural gas (NG);
(c) Liquefied petroleum gas (LPG);
(d) Ethanol.
5.2.3.7. Combustion chamber type
(a) Open chamber;
(b) Divided chamber;
(c) Other types.
5.2.3.8. Ignition Type
(a) Positive ignition;
(b) Compression ignition.
5.2.3.9. Valves and porting
(a) Configuration;
(b) Number of valves per cylinder.
5.2.3.10. Fuel supply type
(a) Liquid fuel supply type:
(i) Pump and (high pressure) line and injector;
(ii) In-line or distributor pump;
(iii) Unit pump or unit injector;
(iv) Common rail;
(v) Carburettor(s);
(vi) Others.
(b) Gas fuel supply type;
(i) Gaseous;
(ii) Liquid;
(iii) Mixing units;
(iv) Others.
(c) Other types.
5.2.3.11. Miscellaneous devices
(a) Exhaust gas recirculation (EGR);
(b) Water injection;
(c) Air injection;
(d) Others.
       5.2.3.12. Electronic control strategy
 The presence or absence of an electronic control unit (ECU) on the engine is regarded as a basic parameter of the family.
 In the case of electronically controlled engines, the manufacturer shall present the technical elements explaining the grouping of these engines in the same family, i.e. the reasons why these engines can be expected to satisfy the same emission requirements.
 These elements can be calculations, simulations, estimations, description of injection parameters, experimental results, etc.
 Examples of controlled features are:
(a) Timing;
(b) Injection pressure;
(c) Multiple injections;
(d) Boost pressure;
(e) VGT;
(f) EGR.
5.2.3.13. Exhaust after-treatment systems
 The function and combination of the following devices are regarded as membership criteria for an engine family:
(a) Oxidation catalyst;
(b) Three-way catalyst;
(c) deNOx system with selective reduction of NOx (addition of reducing agent);
(d) Other deNOx systems;
(e) Particulate trap with passive regeneration;
(f) Particulate trap with active regeneration;
(g) Other particulate traps;
(h) Other devices.
 When an engine has been certified without an after-treatment system, whether as parent engine or as member of the family, then this engine, when equipped with an oxidation catalyst, may be included in the same engine family, if it does not require different fuel characteristics.
 If it requires specific fuel characteristics (e.g. particulate traps requiring special additives in the fuel to ensure the regeneration process), the decision to include it in the same family shall be based on technical elements provided by the manufacturer. These elements shall indicate that the expected emission level