Document ID: chunk:federal_register_of_legislation:F2016L00410:body:0:p22
Version: federal_register_of_legislation:F2016L00410
Segment Type: other
Provision Reference: 
Character Range: 60954–63788

fewer workers were required on-site and that they worked at height for a minimum amount of time.

Example 4: Use of 3 dimensional (3D) modelling as a tool for designers
A building designer had traditionally used sketches and 2D drawings in early project discussions with clients. Not all clients could appreciate the three dimensional implications from 2D drawings and fewer could afford the expense of scale models.

With the advent of downloadable 3D modelling software it became possible (and feasible) to provide the client with a fully rendered, coloured, and three dimensional representation of their project.  Capable of being submitted electronically, the file allows the client to view the proposal from any direction.

This software also allowed the designer to work with the client to explain the construction process as well as identifying safety issues such as excavations, work at heights and traffic movements that could be resolved by adjusting the design. The designers' clients are also better informed so that they can consider the use of the building after construction is completed and to make any adjustments to the design at the earliest possible stage.

Example 5: Pre-assembly of stair frames
An analysis of an early design for the steel framing for a multi-level stairway in a high rise car park revealed that the original design would not allow the framework to be pre-assembled and would require the framework to be assembled in small pieces while working at height. The original design called for a beam running the full width of the stairway at each landing and this prevented the structure from being pre-assembled.
The designer reviewed the original design in consultation with the steelwork fabricator and determined that by splitting the original tie-beam and replacing it with smaller beams tied via
fin plates, that the stair flights could be pre-assembled at ground level and lifted into place as
a whole including decks, stair treads and handrails. This small modification greatly reduced the amount of time spent by the framework erector at height and provided a greater level of safety for workers as the framework installation proceeded.

Example 6: Design changes to reduce risk for construction and maintenance
In a design and construct project in Melbourne, the design process identified a number of risks relating to the ongoing maintenance of the building under construction. As a result, design changes were made.

The building consisted of a glazed sawtooth roof with suspended lighting. Inside was a fully glazed atrium covering all nine floors. In the initial design, there had been some consideration given to the maintenance of all the glazing components and access to services installed on the roof. In the original design, protection from falling during maintenance work consisted