Document ID: chunk:federal_register_of_legislation:F2022L01334:front:0:p8
Version: federal_register_of_legislation:F2022L01334
Segment Type: other
Provision Reference: 
Character Range: 19650–22576

1998 for the period from 1 July 1997. There is an option to renew for a further 25 years. Due to public interest, a tourist licence was signed between AMSA and the NSW Minister for Environment on 1 July 1997 with the option to renew for a further 25 years. This licence permits the access of no more than ten tourists inside the lighthouse at a time.

Figure 5. Map of AMSA lease (Map data: Esri, DigitalGlobe, GeoEye, Earthstar Geographics, CNES/Airbus DS, USDA, USGS, AEX, Getmapping, Aerogrid, IGN, IGP, swisstopo, and the GIS User Community)

Figure 6. Smoky Cape Lightstation, NSW State Heritage Register Plan 2953, Heritage NSW, 1994 (© State of New South Wales Department of Premier and Cabinet)
  2.4  Listings
The table below details the various heritage listings of the Smoky Cape Lightstation.
Register                           ID
Commonwealth Heritage List         105604[viii]
New South Wales Heritage Register  01007[ix]

  2.5  Access
Smoky Cape Lightstation is readily accessible by vehicle via Lighthouse Road. A parking lot is available for use at the base of the lightstation. Further vehicle access is reserved for authorised personnel only.
Members of the general public are required to walk the remaining way to the lighthouse itself. General public access inside the lighthouse is permitted through guided tours only.
Walking access is available along the Smoky Cape Walking Track (2.2 km), the Jack Perkins Walking Track (2 km return), and the Little Bay to Smoky Cape Walking Track (10 km). All three tracks fall within the Hat Head National Park and terminate at the lightstation.
Figure 7. Site access to Smoky Cape Lightstation (© AMSA, 2014)

  3.  History

  3.1  General history of lighthouses in Australia
The first lighthouse to be constructed along Australian soil was Macquarie Lighthouse, located at the entrance to Port Jackson, NSW. First lit in 1818, the cost of the lighthouse was recovered through the introduction of a levy on shipping. This was instigated by Governor Lachlan Macquarie, who ordered and named the light.
The following century oversaw the construction of hundreds of lighthouses around the country. Constructing and maintaining a lighthouse were costly ventures that often required the financial support of multiple colonies. However, they were deemed necessary aids in assisting the safety of mariners at sea. Lighthouses were firstly managed by the colony they lay within, with each colony developing their own style of lighthouse and operational system. Following Federation in 1901, which saw the various colonies unite under one Commonwealth government, lighthouse management was transferred from state hands to the Commonwealth Lighthouse Service.
Lamps and optics – an overview
Lighthouse technology has altered drastically over the centuries. Eighteenth century lighthouses were lit using parabolic mirrors and oil lamps. Documentation of early examples of