Document ID: chunk:federal_register_of_legislation:F2024L01451:body:0:p23
Version: federal_register_of_legislation:F2024L01451
Segment Type: other
Provision Reference: 
Character Range: 68560–71992

the following in relation to a variable-pitch propeller adopting either a full fine or full coarse pitch when the propeller oil pressure is lost:
         (a) centrifugal twisting moment (CTM) tends to reduce (fine) pitch;
         (b) counter weights, when used, increase (coarsen) pitch;
         (c) oil pressure is used to decrease pitch if counterweights are fitted;
         (d) oil pressure is used to increase pitch if counterweights are not fitted.

     1.3 Describe the following terms:
         (a) blade angle, helix angle/pitch;
         (b) propeller thrust and torque;
         (c) thrust horsepower (THP);
         (d) brake horsepower (BHP).

     1.4 Describe how a propeller converts engine power into thrust and explain what is meant by fine and coarse pitch stops.

    2. Constant speed units (CSU)

     2.1 Explain the principle of operation of a CSU.

     2.2 Describe the effect of a CSU malfunction on engine operation.

     2.3 Explain the method of using engine controls in the event of a malfunction of a CSU.

     2.4 Describe the cockpit indications in a gyroplane fitted with a variable-pitch propeller which could signify:
         (a) the presence of engine ice; and
         (b) when engine ice has been cleared after application of carburettor heat.

     2.5 Explain the effect of using carburettor heat on gyroplanes fitted with a CSU.

     2.6 Describe how power output is controlled when operating gyroplanes fitted with a variable-pitch propeller and describe how engine instruments are used to monitor power.

     2.7 List the precautions necessary if operating a variable-pitch propeller when:
         (a) conducting ground checks; and
         (b) changing power (i.e. use of throttle/RPM levers).

    3. Undercarriage system

     3.1 Describe the purpose and function of the following:
         (a) oleos/shock struts;
         (b) shimmy dampers;
         (c) nosewheel steering/castoring.

     3.2 Describe the purpose and function of the following retractable undercarriage components:
         (a) uplocks/down locks;
         (b) anti-retraction devices;
         (c) aural/visual warning devices;
         (d) emergency systems;
         (e) free fall;
         (f) electric, hydraulic, pneumatic.

[28] Schedule 3, Appendix 1., Section 1.3, Unit 1.3.4   CADG:   CPL aerodynamics – gyroplane – Reserved
substitute

Unit 1.3.4 CADG: CPL aerodynamics – gyroplane

    1. Aerodynamics

    1.1 Rotor blade aerodynamics

         1.1.1 Explain the aerodynamic properties of a rotor blade in respect to the following:
         (a) aerofoil shape;
         (b) blade twist.

         1.1.2 Explain the meaning of the following terms:
         (a) rotor force;
         (b) rotor drag;
         (c) total resultant;
         (d) relative wind;
         (e) rotational airflow;
         (f) dissymmetry of lift;
         (g) centrifugal force;
         (h) blade coning;
         (i) blade flapping/overteetering;
         (j) retreating blade stall;
         (k) translational lift.

         1.1.3 Explain the vectors acting on a rotor blade in flight.

         1.1.4 Calculate rotor disc loading.

         1.1.5 Explain the causes and effects of, and avoidance and correct recovery procedure for, the following:
         (a) power pushover;
         (b) flight on backside of the power curve;
         (c) flight behind the power curve;
         (d) rotor vibration on