Document ID: chunk:federal_register_of_legislation:F2025L00287:reg:3:p182
Version: federal_register_of_legislation:F2025L00287
Segment Type: reg
Provision Reference: reg 3 (pt 182/276)
Character Range: 674110–678426

The species is also threatened by small population size, which can lead to low genetic diversity and an increased risk of extinction through natural events such as cyclones, slips and drought. Phytophthora cinnamomi is potentially a major risk.
Map 25 Distribution of Achyranthes margaretarum
Green outlines indicate reserves within which the species occurs. Points show recorded locations (Mills 2009b).

Impact on other species
None known.

Risk assessment
Risk assessment undertaken for Critically Endangered trees/shrubs as a grouping. The risk assessment is shown in Table 67.
Table 67 Risk assessment for Critically Endangered trees/shrubs as a grouping
Risk                                                                                                               Likelihood of exposure    Consequence  Threat rating
1. Loss and fragmentation of native vegetation through past land clearing                                          Almost certain (91–100%)  Extreme      Extreme
2. Loss and fragmentation of native vegetation through current or future land clearing                             Rare (0–10%)              Negligible   Negligible
3. Degradation of native vegetation through past grazing or loss of nutrients                                      Almost certain (91–100%)  Major        Extreme
4. Degradation of native vegetation through current or future grazing                                              Rare (0–10%)              Minor        Negligible
6. Predation by rodents                                                                                            Rare (0–10%)              Unknown      Unknown
7. Predation by cats                                                                                               Rare (0–10%)              Negligible   Negligible
8. Predation or damage by chickens                                                                                 Likely (51–90%)           Moderate     Medium
9. Predation by swamphens                                                                                          Rare (0–10%)              Negligible   Negligible
10. Predation by Argentine ant                                                                                     Possible (26–50%)         Minor        Low
11. Competition from/change of habitat because of weed invasion                                                    Likely (51–90%)           Major        High
12. Infection by pathogens already present                                                                         Possible (26–50%)         Moderate     Medium
13. Impacts of potential new invasive species or pathogens                                                         Possible (26–50%)         Moderate     Medium
14. Changes to vegetation, increased fire risk and/or direct physiological stress as a result of climatic changes  Almost certain (91–100%)  Major        Extreme
15. Problems caused by small populations, including lack of genetic diversity                                      Almost certain (91–100%)  Extreme      Extreme

Management actions
Undertake propagation in the Phillip Island nursery and continue planting at Phillip Island (though plantings on Norfolk Island may act as an insurance population). Continue habitat restoration, including targeted weed control, at Phillip Island to provide suitable habitat for the species.

Recovery target
The recovery target is shown in Table 68.
Table 68 Recovery target for Achyranthes margaretarum
EPBC Act status        Estimated population (2023)  Where known populations occur  2034 target
Critically Endangered  14                           100% within the national park  500

Relevant literature
de Lange PJ & Murray BG (2001) A new Achyranthes (Amaranthaceae) from Phillip Island, Norfolk Island Group, South Pacific Ocean. New Zealand Journal of Botany 39, 1–8.
Mills K (2009b) The Vegetation of Phillip Island, Norfolk Island Group. Envirofund 2007/2008. Kevin Mills & Associates, Jamberoo, NSW.
Wilson M (2024) Personal communication by email, 12 January 2024, Parks Australia (Norfolk Island National Park).

Anthosachne kingiana kingiana—Phillip Island wheat-grass
Family POACEAE

Conservation significance
Endemic to Norfolk Island and Lord Howe Island.
EPBC Act Listing Status: