Document ID: chunk:federal_register_of_legislation:F2024C00404:front:0:p85
Version: federal_register_of_legislation:F2024C00404
Segment Type: other
Provision Reference: 
Character Range: 237838–242665

(iii) flapping to equality;
              (iv) dragging;
              (v) advance angle.
 5      Aerodynamics of hovering                                                                                  A
           (a) aerodynamic vectors of a rotor blade during hover;
           (b) terminology relating to hovering:
              (i) ground effect;
              (ii) tail rotor drift;
              (iii) rotor shaft tilt effect;
              (iv) recirculation;
           (c) abnormal operations:
              (i) vortex ring state (settling with power);
              (ii) loss of tail-rotor effectiveness;
              (iii) the appropriate recovery actions to (i) to (ii);
           (d) effects of the following on hovering:
              (i) the gross weight of the RPA;
              (ii) pressure altitude;
              (iii) temperature.
 6      Aerodynamics — forward operation                                                                          B
           Terminology in relation to forward flight:
           (a) dissymmetry of lift;
           (b) flapback;
           (c) cyclic limits;
           (d) airflow reversal;
           (e) retreating blade stall;
           (f) compressibility;
           (g) inflow roll;
           (h) translational lift;
           (i) aerodynamic vectors of a rotor blade during forward flight.
 7      Aerodynamics — power requirements                                                                         A
           (a) power available and power required in relation to the following:
              (i) best speed for range;
              (ii) best speed for endurance;
              (iii) best rate of climb;
              (iv) best angle of climb;
           (b) "overpitching" — causes and recovery actions.
 8      Principles of flight — helicopter controls                                                                A
           (a) flight controls:
              (i) cyclic and collective;
              (ii) trim systems;
              (iii) tail gyroscope;
           (b) aerodynamic enhancements:
              (i) a canted tail rotor;
              (ii) sweep back on tips;
              (iii) a shrouded tail rotor;
              (iv) tail surfaces, fins, end plates and stabilators.
 9      Autorotative flight                                                                                       A
           (a) the meaning of the following terms in relation to an RPA that is capable of autorotative flight:
              (i) autorotative force;
              (ii) autorotative section;
           (b) the effect on autorotation of the RPA if the following are varied:
              (i) all-up weight;
              (ii) density altitude;
              (iii) airspeed;
              (iv) rotor RPM.
 10     Effects of particular conditions                                                                          A
           (a) undesirable aircraft states:
              (i) ground resonance;
              (ii) mast bumping;
              (iii) dynamic roll-over;
           (b) avoiding undesirable aircraft states.

Schedule 4 Aeronautical knowledge units

Appendix 5 Category specific units — powered-lift category

Unit 12 RBKP — Aircraft knowledge and operation principles: Powered‑lift
 Item   Aeronautical knowledge topics                                                                                                           Priority
 1      RPA components                                                                                                                          B
           (a) typical physical components of the RPA:
              (i) the fuselage;
              (ii) the motor attachments, including booms;
              (iii) hatches;
              (iv) vents;
              (v) drains;
              (vi) aerials;
              (vii) fail-safe equipment;
              (viii) the battery compartment/mounting;
              (ix) the motors/engines(s);
              (x) the landing gear;
              (xi) protective components of the RPA;
              (xii) rotors and propellers;
           (b) typical features of the wings of the RPA:
              (i) leading and trailing edges;
              (ii) ailerons;
              (iii) flaps;
              (iv) elevon/flaperon;
              (v) servomechanisms;
           (c) typical components found on the tail of the RPA:
              (i) vertical stabiliser;
              (ii) elevator/stabiliser/stabilator;
              (iii) rudder;
           (d) location and function of electrical components of the RPA:
              (i) its electronic speed controller(s);
              (ii) its receiver and antenna;
              (iii) its gyros/Inertial Management Unit;
              (iv) its flight controller;
              (v) its battery or