Document ID: chunk:federal_register_of_legislation:F2024C00404:front:0:p86
Version: federal_register_of_legislation:F2024C00404
Segment Type: other
Provision Reference: 
Character Range: 242258–247091

(i) vertical stabiliser;
              (ii) elevator/stabiliser/stabilator;
              (iii) rudder;
           (d) location and function of electrical components of the RPA:
              (i) its electronic speed controller(s);
              (ii) its receiver and antenna;
              (iii) its gyros/Inertial Management Unit;
              (iv) its flight controller;
              (v) its battery or batteries;
              (vi) its battery eliminator circuit;
              (vii) its GPS sensor and antenna.
 2      Aeroplane aerodynamics                                                                                                                  B
           Characteristics of an aerofoil:
           (a) chord;
           (b) span;
           (c) aspect ratio;
           (d) camber;
           (e) aerodynamic stall;
           (f) wing loading.
 3      Aerodynamics — vertical flight                                                                                                          B
           Definitions of the following terms:
           (a) rotor thrust;
           (b) rotor drag;
           (c) relative airflow;
           (d) rotational airflow;
           (e) induced airflow;
           (f) ground effect;
           (g) recirculation.
 4      Principles of operation — flight controls                                                                                               A
        Primary flight controls and how they affect the movement of the aircraft about its longitudinal, lateral and vertical axes, including:
           (a) yaw control;
           (b) roll control;
           (c) pitch control;
           (d) forward flight and turning using vertical motors;
           (e) vertical ascent and descent;
           (f) secondary flight controls — trim controls;
           (g) stabilisation;
           (h) GPS hold.
 5      Launch, landing and recovery                                                                                                            A
           (a) effects of changes to the following on the performance of the RPA:
              (i) weight;
              (ii) power;
              (iii) ground effect;
              (iv) wind and windshear;
              (v) translational lift;
              (vi) pre-launch and pre-landing;
           (b) avoiding vortex ring state when launching/landing the RPA;
           (c) recovery actions to escape vortex ring state.
 6           RESERVED
 7      Aerodynamics — transitional flight and forward flight                                                                                   A
           (a) aerodynamics of transition from vertical flight to horizontal/climbing flight;
       (b) aerodynamics of transition from horizontal flight/descent to vertical flight;
           (c) aircraft configuration changes during transitional flight;
           (d) relationship between attitude, angle of attack and airspeed in level flight;
           (e) drag in forward flight;
           (f) airspeed and ground speed.
 8      Climbing — aeroplane mode                                                                                                               A
           Effect on climb rate and angle from changes in the following:
           (a) weight;
           (b) power;
           (c) airspeed;
           (d) a headwind or tailwind;
           (e) bank angle;
           (f) temperature;
           (g) pressure altitude.
 9      Turning                                                                                                                                 A
           (a) concept of balanced turns;
           (b) effect of increasing or decreasing bank angle on:
              (i) stall airspeed, including the rate of increase of stall speed with increasing bank;
              (ii) the aircraft's structure (load factor);
           (c) precautions during steep turns:
              (i) shortly after launch;
              (ii) during a glide, particularly on approach to land;
           (d) visual illusions during balanced level turns at low level when turning downwind or into wind;
           (e) rotations or flat turns in vertical mode.
 10     Descent                                                                                                                                 A
           (a) angle of descent and attitude relating to:
              (i) power;
              (ii) flap;
              (iii) aircraft nose position;
           (b) effect of headwind/tailwind.
 11     Aerodynamics — abnormal operations vertical flight                                                                                      A
           (a) direction of rotation of a rotor and the implication of incorrect installation;
           (b) effects on the operation of the RPA if