Document ID: chunk:federal_register_of_legislation:F2025L00287:reg:3:p166
Version: federal_register_of_legislation:F2025L00287
Segment Type: reg
Provision Reference: reg 3 (pt 166/276)
Character Range: 623267–626092

CSIRO Publishing, Melbourne. pp. 177-179.
Halpin LR, Mott R, Clay TA, Humphries GRW, Chatwin TA, Carlile N & Clarke RH (2022) Predicting the foraging habitats of sympatrically breeding gadfly petrels in the South Pacific Ocean. Frontiers in Marine Science 9, 853104.
Iredale T (1910) Bird life on the Kermadec Islands. Emu 10, 2–16.
Priddel D, Carlile N, Evans O, Evans B & McCoy H (2010) A review of the seabirds of Phillip Island in the Norfolk Island Group. Notornis 57, 113–127.
Schodde R, Fullagar P & Hermes N (1983) A review of Norfolk Island birds past and present (Special Publication No. 8). Australian National Parks and Wildlife Service, Canberra.
Tennyson AJD, Taylor GA & Scofield RP (1989) Another visit to Macauley Island. Ornithological Society of New Zealand News 52, 4–5. Supplement to Notornis 36.

Pterodroma neglecta neglecta—Kermadec petrel (western)

Conservation significance
EPBC Act Listing Status: Vulnerable
State Listing Status: Listed as Vulnerable under the Biodiversity Conservation Act 2016 (NSW)
Non-statutory Listing Status: The Australian breeding population is described as Vulnerable in the Action Plan for Australian Birds 2020 (a downlisting of one level since 2010 based on new information rather than a genuine sufficient change in population), with the population visiting Australian territory rated as being of 'least concern' (Garnett & Baker 2021).
For further information on the species outside of the Norfolk Island Group, see the species profile on SPRAT.

Distribution
The western subspecies of the Kermadec petrel breeds on islands across the Pacific Ocean as far east as Easter Island, with hybrids on Round Island near Mauritius in the Indian Ocean; however, its current breeding range is smaller than it once was. It nests on the ground so is particularly vulnerable to predation (Merton 1970)—on Raoul Island in the Kermadec Group it is estimated that 250,000 pairs were destroyed by rats between 1910 and 1970. In the Australian region, small numbers of pairs nest on Phillip Island and Ball's Pyramid to the south of Lord Howe Island. Black rats caused its extinction from Lord Howe Island (Fullagar & Disney 1975) where it was formally probably widespread before the arrival of pigs in 1788. Rats probably prevent it from colonising Norfolk Island (Garnett & Crowley 2000).
The latest estimate of the population on Phillip Island is 20–25 breeding pairs in 2017–18 (Carlile & O'Dwyer 2018) and over 50 pairs in 2019 (Carlile et al. 2021). The small population on Phillip Island remains the most accessible internationally for the study of this species.
The Norfolk Island Group distribution of nesting Kermadec petrels is shown in Map 22.

Ecology
Breeding occurs on Phillip Island in all months of the year with peaks in numbers in spring and summer (Carlile et al.