Document ID: chunk:federal_register_of_legislation:F2025C00050:body:0:p239
Version: federal_register_of_legislation:F2025C00050
Segment Type: other
Provision Reference: 
Character Range: 829033–832989

that can be performed to rectify a malfunction related to the following:
(a)           main and tail rotor systems:
(i)             abnormal vibrations from main and tail rotor systems;
(ii)            flight control systems;
(iii)          trimming devices;
(iv)          stabilisers;
(b)           transmissions:
(i)             clutches;
(ii)            free-wheel units;
(iii)          rotor brakes;
(c)           oil systems:
(i)             reservoirs;
(ii)            pressure pumps and filters;
(iii)          pressure gauges;
(iv)          temperature gauges;
(v)           scavenge pumps;
(vi)          oil coolers;
(vii)        pressure relief valves;
(viii)       oil cooler by-pass valves;
(ix)          dipsticks.

3.                       Aerodynamics – helicopter
3.1                    Lift and drag
3.1.1              State the aerodynamic properties of a rotor blade in respect of the following:
(a)           aerofoil shape;
(b)           blade twist;
(c)           blade taper.
3.1.2              Match each of the following terms with an appropriate definition:
(a)           rotor thrust;
(b)           rotor drag;
(c)           total reaction;
(d)           relative airflow;
(e)           rotational airflow;
(f)             induced airflow;
(g)           centrifugal reaction;
(h)           rotor disc;
(i)             coning angle.
3.2                    Hovering flight
3.2.1              Label a diagram showing the vectors acting on a rotor blade in hovering flight.
3.2.2              Define each of the following terms:
(a)           ground effect;
(b)           tail rotor drift;
(c)           rotor shaft tilt effect;
(d)           re-circulation.
3.2.3              Describe each of the following:
(a)           vortex ring state (settling with power);
(b)           loss of tail rotor effectiveness (LTE);
(c)           the conditions leading to LTE;
(d)           the appropriate recovery action.
3.3                    Rotor blade freedom of movement
3.3.1              In regard to rotor blade freedom of movement describe each of the following terms:
(a)           feathering;
(b)           flapping;
(c)           flapping to equality;
(d)           dragging;
(e)           advance angle;
(f)             phase lag.
3.4                    Forward flight
3.4.1              In regard to forward flight, define the following terms:
(a)           dissymmetry of lift;
(b)           flapback;
(c)           cyclic limits;
(d)           airflow reversal;
(e)           retreating blade stall;
(f)             compressibility;
(g)           inflow roll;
(h)           translational lift.
3.4.2              Describe the vectors acting on various sections of a rotor blade in forward flight.
3.5                    Power requirements
3.5.1              Define each of the following terms:
(a)           rotor profile drag;
(b)           induced drag;
(c)           parasite drag.
3.5.2              Describe the power available and power required curves and their relationship to the following:
(a)           best speed for range;
(b)           best speed for endurance;
(c)           best rate of climb;
(d)           best angle of climb.
         3.5.3              Select from a list, the statement which best describes:
(a)           overpitching;
(b)           the conditions leading thereto;
(c)           the appropriate recovery action.
3.6                    Autorotative flight
3.6.1              Describe the following terms:
(a)           autorotative force;
(b)           autorotative section.
3.6.2              Describe the effect on autorotative flight from variations in the following:
(a)           all-up-weight;
(b)           density altitude;
(c)           airspeed;
(d)           rotor RPM.
3.6.3              Label a diagram showing the vectors acting on a rotor blade section during forward autorotative flight.
3.6.4              Label a diagram showing the vectors acting on a rotor blade section