Document ID: chunk:federal_register_of_legislation:F2013C00288:reg:13:p6
Version: federal_register_of_legislation:F2013C00288
Segment Type: reg
Provision Reference: reg 13 (pt 6/9)
Character Range: 2323373–2326363

(taste).
FSANZ (2003)        TDI = 1 mg/kg/day                                           TDI noted to be derived from WHO (refer to comments provided below from JECFA).
NHMRC (2006)        Infants:                                                    The upper limit (UL) applies to total zinc intake from food, water and supplements (including fortified food). The UL for infants is based on a NOAEL at a level of 5.8 mg zinc/L of infant formula fed for 6 months, equal to a NOAEL of 4.5 mg/day at 0.78 L milk per day. A UF of 1 was applied, given the length and quality of the study and the fact that there is no evidence of harm from intakes of formula at 5.8 mg zinc/L. Rounding down, a UL of 4 mg was therefore set for infants of 0–6 months. As there was no data for older children and adolescents, this figure was adjusted on a body weight basis, for older infants, children and adolescents and values rounded down.
                    AI = 2-3 mg/day                                             The adverse effect of excess zinc on copper metabolism has been identified as the critical effect on which to base the adult UL. This is based on the consistency of findings from a number of studies where the sensitivity of the marker used (erythrocyte copperzinc superoxide dismutase) and the quality and completeness of the database for this  end point. A LOAEL of 60 mg/day was adopted (and is supported by other studies). A UF of 1.5 is applied to account for inter-individual variability in sensitivity and for extrapolation from a LOAEL to NOAEL. As reduced copper status is rare in humans, a higher UF was unjustified. The adult UL was therefore set at 40 mg/day.
                    UL = 45 mg/day
                    1-3 years:
                    RDI = 3 mg/day
                    UL = 7 mg/day
                    Children 418 yrs:
                    RDI = 413 mg/day
                    UL= 1235 mg/day
                    Adults:
                    RDI = 814 mg/day
                    UL = 3540 mg/day including during pregnancy and lactation
International
WHO DWG (2011)      No health-based guideline established                       The current WHO DWG (2011) derived a guideline of 3 mg/L based on aesthetic issues. The review notes that in 1982, JECFA proposed a daily dietary requirement of zinc of 0.3 mg/kg of body weight and a provisional maximum tolerable daily intake (PMTDI) of 1.0 mg/kg of body weight. The daily requirement for adult humans is 15–22 mg/day. Hence it was concluded that the derivation of a health-based guideline value is not required.
JECFA (WHO 1982)    TDI = 1 mg/kg/day                                           Provisional maximum tolerable daily intake estimated to be 1 mg/kg/day based on the evaluation that there is a wide margin between nutritionally required amounts of zinc and toxic levels. Clinical studies in which up to 600 mg of zinc sulfate (equivalent to 200 mg elemental zinc) has been administered daily in divided