Document ID: chunk:federal_register_of_legislation:F2025L00287:reg:3:p208
Version: federal_register_of_legislation:F2025L00287
Segment Type: reg
Provision Reference: reg 3 (pt 208/276)
Character Range: 764513–768892

outlines indicate reserves within which the species occurs. Points show recorded locations (Mills 2009b and 2017a).

Risk assessment
Risk assessment undertaken for Vulnerable ferns as a grouping. The risk assessment is shown in Table 97.
Table 97 Risk assessment for Vulnerable ferns as a grouping
Risk                                                                                                               Likelihood of exposure    Consequence  Threat rating
1. Loss and fragmentation of native vegetation through past land clearing                                          Almost certain (91–100%)  Extreme      Extreme
2. Loss and fragmentation of native vegetation through current or future land clearing                             Rare (0–10%)              Negligible   Negligible
3. Degradation of native vegetation through past grazing or loss of nutrients                                      Almost certain (91–100%)  Extreme      Extreme
4. Degradation of native vegetation through current or future grazing                                              Possible (26–50%)         Moderate     Medium
6. Predation by rodents                                                                                            Rare (0–10%)              Negligible   Negligible
7. Predation by cats                                                                                               Rare (0–10%)              Negligible   Negligible
8. Predation or damage by chickens                                                                                 Rare (0–10%)              Negligible   Negligible
9. Predation by swamphens                                                                                          Rare (0–10%)              Negligible   Negligible
10. Predation by Argentine ant                                                                                     Rare (0–10%)              Negligible   Negligible
11. Competition from/change of habitat because of weed invasion                                                    Possible (26–50%)         Moderate     Medium
12. Infection by pathogens already present                                                                         Rare (0–10%)              Negligible   Negligible
13. Impacts of potential new invasive species or pathogens                                                         Unlikely (11–25%)         Minor        Low
14. Changes to vegetation, increased fire risk and/or direct physiological stress as a result of climatic changes  Possible (26–50%)         Moderate     Medium
15. Problems caused by small populations, including lack of genetic diversity                                      Almost certain (91–100%)  Major        Extreme

Management actions
Undertake targeted weed control and maintenance. Undertake revegetation/habitat restoration and propagation and planting within suitable areas.

Recovery target
The recovery target is shown in Table 98.
Table 98 Recovery target for Hypolepis dicksonioides
EPBC Act status  Estimated population (2023)  Where known populations occur  2034 target
Vulnerable       506                          99% within the national park   750
                                              1% within public reserves

Relevant literature
Braggins JE (1996) Report on the conservation status of the ferns of Norfolk Island. Unpublished report to the Australian Nature Conservation Agency.
Brownsey PJ & Chinnock RJ (1987) A taxonomic revision of the Australian species of Hypolepis. Journal of the Adelaide Botanical Garden 10, 1–30.
Mills K (2009b) The Vegetation of Phillip Island, Norfolk Island Group. Envirofund 2007/2008. Kevin Mills & Associates, Jamberoo, NSW.
Mills K (2017a) Survey of public reserves on Norfolk Island for threatened plant species: 3. Point Ross Reserve and Bumbora Reserve. Prepared for Norfolk Island Regional Council.
Orchard A (ed) (1994) Flora of Australia. Vol. 49. Oceanic Islands 1. Australian Government Publishing Service, Canberra.
TSSC (Threatened Species Scientific Committee) (2003b) Commonwealth Listing Advice for Norfolk Island Flora - 15 Vulnerable Species.

Ileostylus micranthus—mistletoe
Family LORANTHACEAE

Conservation significance
Ileostylus micranthus is best known from New Zealand and was first collected on Norfolk Island in the 1930s. It is presumed to be a recent arrival