Document ID: chunk:federal_register_of_legislation:F2013C00288:reg:7:p5
Version: federal_register_of_legislation:F2013C00288
Segment Type: reg
Provision Reference: reg 7 (pt 5/6)
Character Range: 2193632–2196911

0.14 mg/kg/day for a 70 kg adult. Copper is noted to be in the current WHO list for rolling revisions to the drinking water guidelines.
RIVM (2001)         TDI = 0.14 mg/kg/day       RIVM (2001) identified an oral TDI of 0.14 mg/kg/day, based on a LOAEL from a chronic oral study in mice. This study was not available at the time when WHO conducted its evaluation. The TDI derived is noted to be above the minimum dietary requirements for copper. Despite a poor database, RIVM also derived an inhalation TC of 0.001 mg/m3 based on a NOAEC of 0.1 mg/kg/day (adjusted) associated with lung and immune system effects from a subacute study with rabbits and an uncertainty factor of 100. It is not recommended that the inhalation TC be considered in the derivation of a soil HIL, due to the limited data available with respect to chronic inhalation exposures to copper.
                    TC = 0.001 mg/m3
ATSDR (2004)        No chronic MRLs available
US EPA (IRIS 2012)  No evaluation available

Based on the available data, an oral TRV of 0.14 mg/kg/day is recommended to be adopted for the derivation of soil HILs. The value is based on a tolerable upper limit (IOM 2001) and is similar to the TDI currently adopted by RIVM (2001), OCS (2012) and FSANZ (2003) (where the value may be rounded). The recommended TRV is considered relevant for the assessment of copper intakes from oral, dermal and inhalation routes of exposure.

    7.4.3         Recommendation
On the basis of the discussion above, the following toxicity reference values (TRVs) have been adopted for copper in the derivation of HILs:

7.5              Calculated HILs
On the basis of the above, the following HILs have been derived for copper (refer to Appendix B for equations used to calculate the HILs and Appendix C for calculations):

HIL Scenario            HIL (mg/kg)                      Percentage Contribution from Exposure Pathways
Ingestion of Soil/Dust  Ingestion of Home-grown Produce  Dermal Absorption of Soil/Dust                  Inhalation (dust)
Residential A           6000                             100                                             Included in background  --  <1
Residential B           30 000                           100                                             --                      --  <1
Recreational C          17 000                           100                                             --                      --  <1
Commercial D            240 000                          100                                             --                      --  <1

-- Pathway not included in derivation of HIL

7.6              References
ATSDR 2004, Toxicological Profile for Copper. Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry, United States Department of Health and Human Services, Atlanta, Georgia, USA.
DEC 2003, Ambient Air Quality Research Project (1996-2001), Internal working paper no. 4, Ambient concentrations of heavy metals in NSW, Department of Environment and conservation (NSW).
FSANZ 2003, The 20th Australian Total Diet Survey, A total diet survey of pesticide residues and contaminants [website: http://www.anzfa.gov.au/].
FSANZ 2011, The 23rd Australian Total Diet Study, Food Standards Australia and New Zealand.
IARC 1977, Summaries