Document ID: chunk:federal_register_of_legislation:F2025L00287:reg:3:p157
Version: federal_register_of_legislation:F2025L00287
Segment Type: reg
Provision Reference: reg 3 (pt 157/276)
Character Range: 595244–598131

birds Vol 1. Procellariiformes Part II. Royal Australasian Ornithologists Union.
Priddel D, Carlile N, Evans O, Evans B & McCoy H (2010) A review of the seabirds of Phillip Island in the Norfolk Island Group. Notornis 57, 113–127.
Schodde R, Fullagar P & Hermes N (1983) A review of Norfolk Island birds past and present (Special Publication No. 8). Australian National Parks and Wildlife Service, Canberra.
Tarburton MK (1981) Seabirds nesting on Norfolk Island. Notornis 28, 209–211.

Fregetta grallaria grallaria—Tasman white-bellied storm-petrel

Conservation significance
EPBC Act Listing Status: Vulnerable, Marine
Non-statutory Listing Status: Described as Vulnerable in the Action Plan for Australian Birds 2020 (Garnett and Baker 2021).

Distribution and abundance
Breeding has been recorded on islands and islets off the east coast of New South Wales (such as Muttonbird Island), Ball's Pyramid in the Lord Howe Island group, and Macauley and Curtis Islands in the Kermadec Island Group. It is also thought to breed on Phillip Island in the Norfolk Island Group. Fewer than 100 pairs are thought to nest on islands off the New South Wales coast, and fewer than 700 in the Kermadec Islands. Numbers on Ball's Pyramid are unknown (Garnett and Baker 2021.) It migrates between its breeding locations and its non-breeding grounds in the Tasman Sea, Coral Sea and central Pacific Ocean.

Ecology
Breeds late summer to autumn. Eggs are laid from January to March, and young fledge in May. Nests in crevices between large volcanic rocks and in burrows excavated in banks. Clutches consist of a single egg, which is incubated by both parents for approximately 37 days.
Forages both at day and at night on small crustaceans and squid, usually far from shore, by skimming low over the ocean and plucking prey from beneath the surface of the water.

Habitat
Marine, highly pelagic across sub-tropical and tropical waters in the Tasman Sea, Coral Sea and the central Pacific Ocean, and rarely approaches land except to return to colonies.

Threats
The main known threats are predation from invasive species, particular the black rat. It is thought the population on Lord Howe Island was extirpated by black rats after they arrived in 1918.

Impact on other species
None known.

Management actions
Maintain biosecurity measures on breeding islands and islets, particularly to prevent the arrival of rats or cats. Confirm rodent eradication on Lord Howe Island and encourage chances of re‑establishment of the species there (Garnett and Baker 2021).

Relevant literature
Garnett ST & Baker GB (2021) The Action Plan for Australian Birds 2020. CSIRO Publishing, Melbourne.

Gygis alba—white tern

Conservation significance
EPBC Act Listing Status: Marine
Non-statutory Listing Status: Described as vulnerable in the Action Plan for Australian Birds (Garnett & Crowley 2000).

Distribution and