Document ID: chunk:federal_register_of_legislation:F2019L00157:body:0:p8
Version: federal_register_of_legislation:F2019L00157
Segment Type: other
Provision Reference: 
Character Range: 21792–25101

impacts on fauna abundance and habitats
•       Recherche Bay (North East Peninsula) Area, Tasmania, where the pathogen has been isolated from eastern Buttongrass moorland
•       Lavinia Wetland on the north-east coast of King Island, Tasmania (PWS, 2000); the Lake Warden System at Esperance on the south coast of Western Australia (DEC, 2009); and Forrestdale Lake in Perth, Western Australia (CCWA, 2005), where Ramsar wetlands of international importance are known to be affected by Phytophthora dieback.

         All of the areas mentioned above also contain EPBC-listed threatened species and/or ecological communities. For example, the Eastern Stirling Range Montane Heath and Thicket and the Proteaceae Dominated Kwongkan Shrublands of the South-east Coastal Floristic Province of Western Australia, endangered ecological communities endemic to south-west Western Australia, are both threatened by Phytophthora dieback.

         Although not listed as matters of national environmental significance under the EPBC Act, a number of Indigenous lands are affected by Phytophthora dieback where culturally important values such as grasstrees (Xanthorrhoea spp.) are impacted. In Tasmania this includes lungatalanana Indigenous Protected Area (NVA, 2017).

              3.                         Flora and fauna that are native to a particular area
              4.                         United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organisation
              5.                         A series of steps that people take to ensure that vehicles and equipment are clean of Phytophthora or any other pathogen before moving to an uninfected site

              1.4       Managing the threat

           There are various management methods to minimise the spread or mitigate the impact of Phytophthora dieback; the choice of method will depend on environmental conditions and resource capacity. Strategic planning and understanding the extent of Phytophthora in an area is important to determine prioritisation of management funds and the appropriate management method. Humans can spread Phytophthora further and faster than any other infestation vector. Any activity that moves soil, organic material or water into susceptible native vegetation areas has the potential to introduce and spread soil pathogens. The limited management options available focus on modifying human activities through education, restricting access to certain sites and, when access is necessary, deploying and enforcing stringent hygiene protocols5 before entering or leaving a site to minimise the spread of Phytophthora in the landscape. The promotion of clear messages such as 'Arrive clean, leave clean' and 'Check, Clean, Disinfect, Dry' will raise awareness of the threat of spread and encourage behaviour change.

           Containment methods are available to mitigate the spread of the pathogen. In rare cases, eradication of very small infestations is possible (Dunstan et al., 2010). However, further work is required to:
            •   minimise the spread of Phytophthora to uninfested sites
            •   mitigate the impact of Phytophthora at infested sites.

           A priority is to minimise the spread and mitigate the impact of Phytophthora in areas containing biodiversity assets of high