Document ID: chunk:federal_register_of_legislation:F2025L00287:reg:3:p24
Version: federal_register_of_legislation:F2025L00287
Segment Type: reg
Provision Reference: reg 3 (pt 24/276)
Character Range: 78992–81893

appears first, with the revised names in brackets.

Orthoptera (grasshoppers, crickets and katydids)
A total of 20 orthopterans are known from the Norfolk Island Group, 11 of which are endemic. The cricket Nesitathra philipensis is believed to be endemic to Phillip Island where it lives among seabird colonies. Many of Norfolk Island's orthopterans share close affinities with those of Lord Howe Island, with many species on both islands classified within the same genera. The crickets and katydids are among the largest and most abundant indigenous herbivores and several species can be commonly found feeding on the foliage of forest trees and shrubs at night. The chorus formed by the calls of many of the cricket and katydid species, particularly at dusk, is a distinct feature of Norfolk Island's forest ecosystems (Rentz 1988).

Lepidoptera (moths and butterflies)
At least 263 species of lepidopterans from 29 families have been recorded on Norfolk and Phillip Islands. Of these, more than 40 are believed to be endemic, including Nesiotica cladara (which belongs to an endemic genus) and two endemic subspecies of butterfly both derived from New Caledonia (Holloway 1977). Numerous pest species are known to be present that have either been introduced or established naturally (Edwards 1985; Maynard et al. 2018).

Coleoptera (beetles)
The coleopteran fauna of Norfolk and Phillip Islands is depauperate, typical of oceanic islands. At least 304 species in 46 families have been identified, of which at least 65 species are considered endemic (Weir 1985). There have been 57 species found on Phillip Island including five endemic species (Weir 1985).
The ground beetles (Carabidae) are the most well-studied of all beetle families present on the island, though most endemic species remain poorly known. A total of 16 species are known from the island, seven of which are known to be endemic (Moore 1985; Giachino 2005).
The endemic stag beetle (Lamprima aenea) is listed as Vulnerable on the IUCN Redlist and is currently Norfolk Island's only endemic insect species to have a threat status (IUCN 2022).

Hymenoptera (bees, wasps and ants)
The Norfolk Island Group contains a depauperate hymenopteran fauna. There are 219 species recorded from Norfolk Island or Phillip Island including nine endemic species (Naumann 1984, Smithers 1998). Many of the Hymenoptera are associated with low flowering herbs and annuals that are abundant in some parts of Phillip Island but excluded by introduced grasses on Norfolk Island (Naumann 1984).
Fifteen species of ants are known from Norfolk Island including the endemic species, Oligomyrmex norfolkensis, Tetramorium antipodum and Iridomyrmex phillipensis, the latter of which is currently only known from Phillip Island (Taylor & Brown 1985, Smithers 1998, Heterick & Shattuck, 2011). Several of the ant species are cosmopolitan or introduced and most