Document ID: chunk:federal_register_of_legislation:F2024L00482:reg:1:p8
Version: federal_register_of_legislation:F2024L00482
Segment Type: reg
Provision Reference: reg 1 (pt 8/16)
Character Range: 30015–32873

the same tree (Stojanovic et al. 2012; Webb et al. 2012).
The female occupies the nest chamber for several weeks before egg laying and she undertakes all of the incubation and brooding until nestlings are sufficiently developed. The mean clutch size is 3.8 eggs but up to six eggs may be laid, and the mean number of fledglings produced is 3.2 (Stojanovic et al. 2015). During incubation the male visits the nest site every three to five hours to feed the female. The male perches near the nest and calls the female out, either feeding her at the nest entrance or after both birds fly to a nearby perch.
Reproductive success is strongly influenced by the availability and intensity of Blue and/or Black Gum flowering, and nest site selection with regard to the presence of Sugar Gliders. In years where birds breed primarily on Bruny and Maria Islands, breeding success is much higher as Sugar Gliders are not found on these islands (Stojanovic et al. 2014, 2015). Swift Parrots moderate the impact of local fluctuations in food availability by nesting wherever food abundance is high, and so have relatively low variation in the number or quality of nestlings produced between different years and breeding sites (Stojanovic et al. 2015).
Male Swift Parrots provision their nestlings using food resources that typically occur within 5 km of their nests, but the further they fly to feed, the poorer their overall reproductive success may become (Stojanovic et al. in review). Evidence from telemetry shows that in years where food is abundant, provisioning males may forage within 1 km of the nest, whereas when food is scarce trips up to 9 km from the nest have been recorded (Stojanovic et al. in review).
Swift Parrots sometimes utilise artificial nesting sites, however occupancy of nest boxes is highest when nearby natural nesting sites are saturated with Swift Parrots, and nest boxes are a second preference for nesting (Stojanovic et al. 2019).

1.7                 Key biodiversity areas
The Key Biodiversity Area (KBA) program aims to identify, map, monitor and conserve the critical sites for global biodiversity across the planet. This is a non-statutory process guided by a Global Standard for the Identification of Key Biodiversity Areas, the KBA Standard (IUCN 2016). It establishes a consultative, science-based process for the identification of globally important sites for biodiversity worldwide. Sites qualify as KBAs of global importance if they meet one or more of 11 criteria in five categories: threatened biodiversity; geographically restricted biodiversity; ecological integrity; biological processes; and, irreplaceability. The KBA criteria have quantitative thresholds and can be applied to species and ecosystems in terrestrial, inland water and marine environments. These thresholds ensure that only those sites with significant