Document ID: chunk:federal_register_of_legislation:F2025L00287:reg:3:p178
Version: federal_register_of_legislation:F2025L00287
Segment Type: reg
Provision Reference: reg 3 (pt 178/276)
Character Range: 660624–664946

Map 23 Distribution of Abutilon julianae
Green outlines indicate reserves within which the species can be found. Points show recorded locations (Mills 2009b).

Impact on other species
None known.

Risk assessment
Risk assessment undertaken for Critically Endangered trees/shrubs as a grouping. The risk assessment is shown in Table 63.
Table 63 Risk assessment for Critically Endangered trees/shrubs as a grouping
Risk                                                                                                               Likelihood of exposure    Consequence  Threat rating
1. Loss and fragmentation of native vegetation through past land clearing                                          Almost certain (91–100%)  Extreme      Extreme
2. Loss and fragmentation of native vegetation through current or future land clearing                             Rare (0–10%)              Negligible   Negligible
3. Degradation of native vegetation through past grazing or loss of nutrients                                      Almost certain (91–100%)  Extreme      Extreme
4. Degradation of native vegetation through current or future grazing                                              Possible (26–50%)         Moderate     Medium
6. Predation by rodents                                                                                            Possible (26–50%)         Minor        Low
7. Predation by cats                                                                                               Rare (0–10%)              Negligible   Negligible
8. Predation or damage by chickens                                                                                 Likely (51–90%)           Moderate     Medium
9. Predation by swamphens                                                                                          Rare (0–10%)              Negligible   Negligible
10. Predation by Argentine ant                                                                                     Possible (26–50%)         Minor        Low
11. Competition from/change of habitat because of weed invasion                                                    Likely (51–90%)           Major        High
12. Infection by pathogens already present                                                                         Rare (0–10%)              Negligible   Negligible
13. Impacts of potential new invasive species or pathogens                                                         Unlikely (11–25%)         Minor        Low
14. Changes to vegetation, increased fire risk and/or direct physiological stress as a result of climatic changes  Possible (26–50%)         Moderate     Medium
15. Problems caused by small populations, including lack of genetic diversity                                      Almost certain (91–100%)  Moderate     High

Management actions
Continue re-establishing a wild population on Norfolk Island by raising plants from seeds and planting out established plants in suitable habitat with protection from invasive herbivores; undertake regular monitoring to identify factors affecting their survival. Implement targeted weed control and maintenance and ongoing rat and chicken control. Exclude grazing from areas known to contain A. julianae.

Recovery target
The recovery target is shown in Table 64.
Table 64 Recovery target for Abutilon julianae
EPBC Act status        Estimated population (2023)  Where known populations occur  2034 target
Critically Endangered  227                          >95% within the national park  1000

Relevant literature
Mills K (2009b) The Vegetation of Phillip Island, Norfolk Island Group. Envirofund 2007/2008. Kevin Mills & Associates, Jamberoo, NSW.
Mills K (2012b) The Flora of Norfolk Island. Report 14. The Endangered Plants in the national park: Field Survey and Review. Kevin Mills & Associates, Jamberoo, NSW.
Orchard A (ed) (1994) Flora of Australia. Vol. 49. Oceanic Islands 1. Australian Government Publishing Service, Canberra.
Sykes W & Atkinson I (1988) Rare and Endangered Plants of Norfolk Island. Unpublished report to the Australian National Parks and Wildlife Service, Norfolk Island.

Achyranthes arborescens—chaff tree, soft-wood
Family AMARANTHACEAE

Conservation significance
Endemic to Norfolk Island.
EPBC Act Listing Status: Critically