Document ID: chunk:federal_register_of_legislation:F2021L01587:reg:2021:p8
Version: federal_register_of_legislation:F2021L01587
Segment Type: reg
Provision Reference: reg 2021 (pt 8/14)
Character Range: 24187–27049

vehicle via Eddystone Point Road (C846). No structures found on either the lighthouse precinct or the quarters precinct are accessible to the general public with exception to tour groups and prior bookings.
Figure 6. Access track leading from lightstation precinct to tower (Source: AMSA, 2018)

  3.  History
The following sections outline the history of lighthouses in Australia and Eddystone Point Lighthouse. Some sections were provided by heritage architect, Peter Marquis-Kyle, and are referenced via endnote.
  3.1  General history of lighthouses in Australia
The first proper lighthouse in Australia, the Macquarie Lighthouse at the entrance to Port Jackson NSW, was lit in 1818. Governor Lachlan Macquarie, who ordered it and gave his name to it, decided to levy a charge on shipping to recover the cost of providing the light.
The costs and benefits of providing aids to navigation have been matters for debate ever since. Lighthouses were costly to build and operate but they reduced the risk of shipwreck and the cost was deemed worthwhile. Since Macquarie's time Australian aids to navigation have been administered by various government agencies, and the costs have largely been paid by the operators of ships, through various schemes of dues, levies and charges.
Each of the Australian colonies developed its own particular lighthouse designs and systems of lighthouse operation, reflecting the volume of shipping, the value of trade, the local building materials and the hazards to navigation in the waters of each colony. The earliest lighthouses were built in New South Wales—others in Van Diemen's Land (Tasmania), Victoria, South Australia, Western Australia, Queensland and the Northern Territory came later[9].
Lamps and optics – an overview
Since the 18th century, when parabolic mirrors were first proposed to be used with oil lamps, lamps and lenses have been at the heart of lighthouse design. Developments in the technology of lighting and optics have had a significant effect on the design  and operation of lighthouses. In general, older equipment was much larger and more costly than newer equipment, and required more attention to keep it operating.
The earliest Australian lighthouses were lit with whale oil burned in Argand lamps. Around the 1850s, whale oil was replaced by colza oil, a less expensive vegetable oil extracted from brassica seeds. Colza was in turn replaced by kerosene, a mineral oil that was less viscous and less expensive. To make the light visible over a long distance a very bright light was needed, and this required a large flame supplied with fuel through multiple wicks[10].
Parabolic reflectors were first used in the lighthouses in Liverpool, United Kingdom, probably around 1763 when they were described in detail by William Hutchinson, the dock master. These were formed from wood and lined with