Document ID: chunk:federal_register_of_legislation:F2025L00287:reg:3:p229
Version: federal_register_of_legislation:F2025L00287
Segment Type: reg
Provision Reference: reg 3 (pt 229/276)
Character Range: 839061–843203

Rare (0–10%)              Moderate     Negligible
3. Degradation of native vegetation through past grazing or loss of nutrients                                      Almost certain (91–100%)  Minor        Medium
4. Degradation of native vegetation through current or future grazing                                              Possible (26–50%)         Moderate     Medium
6. Predation by rodents                                                                                            Rare (0–10%)              Negligible   Negligible
7. Predation by cats                                                                                               Rare (0–10%)              Negligible   Negligible
8. Predation or damage by chickens                                                                                 Rare (0–10%)              Negligible   Negligible
9. Predation by swamphens                                                                                          Rare (0–10%)              Negligible   Negligible
10. Predation by Argentine ant                                                                                     Rare (0–10%)              Negligible   Negligible
11. Competition from/change of habitat because of weed invasion                                                    Possible (26–50%)         Moderate     Medium
12. Infection by pathogens already present                                                                         Unlikely (11–25%)         Moderate     Low
13. Impacts of potential new invasive species or pathogens                                                         Unlikely (11–25%)         Moderate     Low
14. Changes to vegetation, increased fire risk and/or direct physiological stress as a result of climatic changes  Likely (51–90%)           Major        High
15. Problems caused by small populations, including lack of genetic diversity                                      Almost certain (91–100%)  Moderate     High

Management actions
This orchid may require development of species-specific conservation actions, including ex situ conservation. Undertake surveys in suitable habitat areas to search for additional individuals/populations. Undertake ongoing targeted weed control and maintenance. Implement habitat protection and rehabilitation. Undertake research into the ecology of the species. Monitor/survey likely areas of the national park after storms, rescue any fallen specimens and attempt to cultivate them in the Norfolk Island National Park Nursery (Sykes & Atkinson 1988).

Recovery target
The recovery target is shown in Table 124.
Table 124 Recovery target for Phreatia limenophylax
EPBC Act status        Estimated population (2023)  Where known populations occur  2034 target
Critically Endangered  5                            100% within the national park  Established in a second location

Relevant literature
Christian NE & Mills K (2021) Vegetation Mapping of Norfolk Island 2021. Unpublished data.
Gilmour PM & Helman CE (1989b) The Vegetation of Norfolk Island National Park. Report to the Australian national parks and Wildlife Service, Norfolk Island.
Mills K (2007e) The Flora of Norfolk Island. 2. Epiphytes and Mistletoes. Kevin Mills & Associates, Jamberoo, NSW.
Orchard A (ed) (1994) Flora of Australia. Vol. 49. Oceanic Islands 1. Australian Government Publishing Service, Canberra.
Sykes W & Atkinson I (1988) Rare and Endangered Plants of Norfolk Island. Unpublished report to the Australian National Parks and Wildlife Service, Norfolk Island.
TSSC (Threatened Species Scientific Committee) (2003a) Commonwealth Listing Advice for Norfolk Island Flora – 11 Critically Endangered Species.

Phreatia paleata—White lace orchid
Family ORCHIDACEAE

Conservation significance
Australian distribution restricted to Norfolk Island; also occurs in New Caledonia, New Guinea, Solomon Islands and Vanuatu (Orchard 1994).
EPBC Act Listing Status: Endangered

Description
A tufted epiphytic orchid growing to 30 cm high with 50 or more small white flowers on a drooping stem to 35 cm long.

Distribution and abundance
The population in 2003