Document ID: chunk:federal_register_of_legislation:F2025C00050:body:0:p237
Version: federal_register_of_legislation:F2025C00050
Segment Type: other
Provision Reference: 
Character Range: 822551–825924

Reserved

2.                       Power plants and systems
2.1                    Piston engine
2.1.1              Describe the method of using a manual mixture control for an aircraft piston engine fitted with a fixed pitch propeller.
2.1.2              State what indications would signify the presence of engine icing in an aircraft fitted with a fixed pitch propeller.

3.                       Aerodynamics
3.1                    Lift and drag
3.1.1              State whether lift and drag of an aerofoil will increase or decrease with changes in flap settings.
3.1.2              For the following, recall the typical angles of attack at which a basic low-speed aerofoil:
(a)           generates maximum lift (16o);
(b)           is most efficient (best L/D: 4o).
3.1.3              Describe how the angles of attack relate to the following:
(a)           stall speed;
(b)           best glide speed.
3.1.4              State the relationship between attitude, angle of attack and airspeed in level flight.
3.2                    Flight controls
3.2.1              Describe the primary and further effects of the elevator, rudder and aileron on an aeroplane's movement about its longitudinal, lateral and normal (vertical) axes.
3.2.2              Describe the effect of changes in power and airspeed on pitch trim and on the effectiveness of the elevator, rudder and ailerons.
3.2.3              Describe the purpose of trim controls.
3.2.4              State the effect of lowering or raising flap on lift, drag and attitude.
3.3                    Climbing
3.3.1              State the effect (increase/decrease) on climb rate and angle resulting from changes in the following:
(a)           weight;
(b)           power;
(c)           airspeed (changed from recommended);
(d)           flap deflection;
(e)           headwind/tailwind component, windshear;
(f)             bank angle;
(g)           altitude and density altitude.
3.4                    Descents
3.4.1              State the effect on rate, angle of descent and attitude resulting from changes in the following:
(a)           power – constant IAS;
(b)           flap – constant IAS.
3.4.2              State the effect of headwind/tailwind on the glide path and glide distance (relevant to the earth's surface).
3.4.3              Explain why gliding at any indicated airspeed other than the recommended glide speed will reduce the distance that can be achieved in still air.
3.5                    Turning
3.5.1              Describe what is meant by a balanced turn.
3.5.2              Describe the terms 'g' wing loading load factor.
3.5.3              During a level turn, state the effect (increase/decrease) of bank angle on the following:
(a)           stall IAS, including the rate of increase of stall speed with increasing bank;
(b)           the aircraft's structure (load factor) and possible airframe damage if limits are exceeded.
3.5.4              List reasons for avoiding steep turns:
(a)           shortly after take-off; and
(b)           during a glide, particularly on approach to land.
3.5.5              Explain why an aeroplane executing balanced level turns at low level may appear to slip or skid when turning downwind or into wind.
3.5.6              Given level flight stall speed, determine the stall speed and load factor during turns at 45 and 60 degrees bank.
3.6