Document ID: chunk:federal_register_of_legislation:F2025C00050:body:0:p251
Version: federal_register_of_legislation:F2025C00050
Segment Type: other
Provision Reference: 
Character Range: 871616–874885

torque;
     (c) thrust horsepower (THP);
     (d) brake horsepower (BHP).
1.4 Describe how a propeller converts engine power into thrust and explain what is meant by fine and coarse pitch stops.

2. Constant speed units (CSU)
2.1 Explain the principle of operation of a CSU.
2.2 Describe the effect of a CSU malfunction on engine operation.
2.3 Explain the method of using engine controls in the event of a malfunction of a CSU.
2.4 Describe the cockpit indications in a gyroplane fitted with a variable-pitch propeller which could signify:
     (a) the presence of engine ice; and
     (b) when engine ice has been cleared after application of carburettor heat.
2.5 Explain the effect of using carburettor heat on gyroplanes fitted with a CSU.
2.6 Describe how power output is controlled when operating gyroplanes fitted with a variable-pitch propeller and describe how engine instruments are used to monitor power.
2.7 List the precautions necessary if operating a variable-pitch propeller when:
     (a) conducting ground checks; and
     (b) changing power (i.e. use of throttle/RPM levers).

3. Undercarriage system
3.1 Describe the purpose and function of the following:
     (a) oleos/shock struts;
     (b) shimmy dampers;
     (c) nosewheel steering/castoring.
3.2 Describe the purpose and function of the following retractable undercarriage components:
     (a) uplocks/down locks;
     (b) anti-retraction devices;
     (c) aural/visual warning devices;
     (d) emergency systems;
     (e) free fall;
     (f) electric, hydraulic, pneumatic.

Unit 1.2.13 CAKP:  CPL aeronautical knowledge – powered-lift – Reserved

Unit 1.2.14 CAKS:  CPL aeronautical knowledge – airship – Reserved

Section 1.3                         Aerodynamics (AD)

Unit 1.3.1                                   CADC:  CPL aerodynamics – all aircraft categories

1.                       Reserved

2.                       Aerodynamics
2.1                    Terminology
2.1.1              Explain the following terms and their effect on lift and drag production:
(a)           aerofoil span, chord, camber, thickness/chord ratio;
(b)           relative airflow and angle of attack;
(c)           laminar and turbulent boundary layers.
2.1.2              Explain the different types of drag and state the effect on total drag resulting from changes in IAS, aircraft weight and height, if any.
2.2                    Bernoulli's theorem and Coanda theory
2.2.1              Apply Bernoulli's theorem of constant energy flow to describe how an aerofoil produces lift, limited to the variation of kinetic energy (dynamic pressure) and potential energy (static pressure) as air flows through a venturi or over a aerofoil.
2.2.2              Explain Coanda theory and the effect on lift production.
2.3                    Power requirements
2.3.1              Describe the power available and power required curves and best speeds for range and endurance, best rate of climb and best angle of climb.
2.4                    Lift and drag
2.4.1              Explain the meaning of the following terms used in the lift and drag formulae viz:
(a)           CL and CD – depend on shape and angle of attack of an aerofoil;
(b)           ½ ρ V2 – defines dynamic pressure (IAS);
(c)           S –