Document ID: chunk:federal_register_of_legislation:F2018L00326:front:0:p17
Version: federal_register_of_legislation:F2018L00326
Segment Type: other
Provision Reference: 
Character Range: 45932–49050

localised smothering of benthic biota and or reduction in the quality and quantity of light received at the seabed. In addition, modification of natural light through the installation of lighting associated with infrastructure can cause changes in animal behaviour. Examples of habitats and species vulnerable to habitat modification pressures include the Commonwealth marine environment within and adjacent to Geographe Bay, western rock lobster and benthic invertebrate communities of the eastern Great Australian Bight, and species of whale, shark and seabird.
Human presence
Activities such as wildlife watching are a drawcard for people visiting marine parks. While enjoying the wildlife experience, it is important to be aware of the potential impacts of human presence on the natural behaviour of wildlife. Activities such as boating, camping, diving and snorkelling have the potential to impact marine park values directly through contact from collision or indirectly through changes in behaviour from disturbance. These activities may result in changes to wildlife behaviour such as nesting, breeding, feeding or resting, or may damage fragile marine environments e.g. reefs. Examples of species vulnerable to human disturbance include the Australian sea lion and species of shark.
Invasive species
Invasive species have the potential to impact on marine park values directly and indirectly. Potential sources of invasive species include vessel ballast and bilge water discharge, vessel biofouling, accidental or deliberate transport of species and land-based activities. Islands, reefs and other shallow-water ecosystems and native species are vulnerable to invasive species, with direct impacts from predation or damage to important habitat e.g. nesting habitat, or indirect impacts such as competition with native species for habitat and food. Examples of habitats and key ecological features vulnerable to the impacts of invasive species include the Commonwealth marine environment within and adjacent to the west-coast inshore lagoons and Geographe Bay, and the Commonwealth marine environment surrounding the Recherche Archipelago.
Marine pollution
Marine and land-based activities have the potential to result in marine pollution which may impact on marine park values. Pollution includes the emission of noise or light, marine debris (for example, plastics and lost fishing gear), and discharge of oil, chemicals or waste. Pollution can be detrimental to marine life, causing contamination of ecosystems, entanglement, or can be ingested by marine species. Examples of habitats, key ecological features, and species vulnerable to marine pollution include the Commonwealth marine environment within and adjacent to the west-coast inshore lagoons, Geographe Bay and the Recherche Archipelago, the Australian sea lion and New Zealand fur seal, and species of whale, marine turtle, shark and seabird.

Further information on pressures in the region is provided in the Marine bioregional plan for the South-west Marine Region (2012).
Figure 2.3 Direct use in the South-west Network

Management programs and