Document ID: chunk:federal_register_of_legislation:F2013C00288:reg:6:p5
Version: federal_register_of_legislation:F2013C00288
Segment Type: reg
Provision Reference: reg 6 (pt 5/5)
Character Range: 2179610–2182872

values (TRVs) have been adopted for cobalt in the derivation of HILs:

6.5              Calculated HILs
On the basis of the above, the following HILs have been derived for cobalt (refer to Appendix B for equations used to calculate the HILs and Appendix C for calculations):
HIL Scenario            HIL (mg/kg)                      Percentage Contribution from Exposure Pathways
Ingestion of Soil/Dust  Ingestion of Home-grown Produce  Dermal Absorption of Soil/Dust                  Inhalation (dust)
Residential A           100                              65                                              33                 1  1
Residential B           600                              91                                              --                 5  4
Recreational C          300                              97                                              --                 3  <1
Commercial D            4000                             87                                              --                 7  6

-- Pathway not included in derivation of HIL

6.6              References
ATSDR 2004, Toxicological Profile for Cobalt, Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry, available from: http://www.atsdr.cdc.gov/ToxProfiles/tp.asp?id=373&tid=64.
Buckett, KJ & Di Marco, PN 1998, 'Derivation of Health Investigation Levels for Cobalt and Cobalt Compounds', presented in the proceedings of the Fourth National Workshop on the Health Risk Assessment and Management of Contaminated Sites, Contaminated Sites Monograph Series, No. 7.
DEC 2003, Ambient Air Quality Research Project (1996-2001), Internal working paper no. 4, Ambient concentrations of heavy metals in NSW, Department of Environment and conservation (NSW).
FSANZ 2011, The 23rd Australian Total Diet Study, Food Standards Australia and New Zealand.
IARC1991, IARC Monographs on the Evaluation of Carcinogenic Risks to Humans: Metallic Cobalt Compounds (With or Without Tungsten Carbide), International Agency for Research on Cancer , World Health Organization,  Lyons, France.
NHMRC 2011, National water quality management strategy. Australian drinking water guidelines, National Health and Medical Research Council, Australia.
Paustenbach, DJ 2000, 'The practice of exposure assessment: A state-of-the-art review', J.Toxicol.Environ. Health. Part B, vol. 3,pp. 179291.
RAIS 2010, Risk Assessment Information System, website and database maintained by the Oak Ridge Operations Office, available from: http://rais.ornl.gov/.
RIVM 2001, Re-evaluation of human-toxicological Maximum Permissible Risk levels, National Institute of Public Health and the Environment, Bilthoven, Netherlands,. available from: http://www.rivm.nl/bibliotheek/rapporten/711701025.html.
US EPA 1995, Technical Guidance Manual, Assessing Dermal Exposure from Soil., US EPA Region 3, December 1995, available from: http://www.epa.gov/reg3hwmd/risk/human/info/solabsg2.htm.
US EPA (IRIS 2012), Data and information available from the Integrated Risk Information System, an online database,  available from http://www.epa.gov/iris/
WHO 2006, Cobalt and Inorganic Cobalt Compounds. Concise International Chemical Assessment Document 69,  available from: http://www.inchem.org/documents/cicads/cicads/cicad69.htm.