Document ID: chunk:federal_register_of_legislation:F2025C00050:body:0:p331
Version: federal_register_of_legislation:F2025C00050
Segment Type: other
Provision Reference: 
Character Range: 1151299–1155171

for gust;
(b)           nominal approach path:
(i)             3o-degree slope;
(ii)            runway aim point (1,000 ft from threshold);
(iii)          threshold crossing height;
(iv)          compare with certification landing technique;
(c)           effect of different flap settings:
(i)             approach speed;
(ii)            visibility (cockpit cutoff angle);
(iii)          low-speed stability;
(iv)          go-around capability.
2.4.3              Flight path gradients – landing:
(a)           net path at 1,500 ft above airfield;
(b)           missed approach climb:
(i)             configuration;
(ii)            required gradients for two-, three- and four-engine aircraft;
(c)           landing climb:
(i)             configuration;
(ii)            required gradients for two-, three- and four-engine aircraft.
2.4.4              Landing weight restrictions:
(a)           explain the factors affecting the maximum permissible landing weight, including:
(i)             structural limit;
(ii)            LDA limit;
(iii)          missed approach climb limit;
(iv)          landing climb limit;
(v)           typical penalties applied for non-standard landing:
(A)          non-availability of reverse thrust;
(B)          non-availability of anti-skid;
(C)          non-availability of ground spoilers;
(vi)          abnormal runway surface.
2.4.5              Effects of operating technique:
(a)           effect of excessive touchdown speed;
(b)           effect of late touchdown such as prolonged flare and holding off;
(c)           effect of delayed reverse thrust.
2.5                    Practical application – landing
(a)           using typical operations manual data, calculate each of the following:
(i)             MLW on given runway; or
(ii)            minimum runway length at given landing weight incorporating any or all of the following variables:
(A)          runway slope;
(B)          wet runway;
(C)          wind component;
(D)          temperature;
(E)          altitude;
(F)           flap setting;
(iii)          Reference velocity (VREF); and
(b)           using typical operations manual data:
(i)             calculate the MTOW and the MLW, taking into consideration the limiting factors that are applicable to the given circumstances, and then deciding which of those factors is the critically limiting one, being aware that the TOW might be limited by cruising level or landing factors; and
(ii)            determine the limiting variable for a given take-off situation (for example, the limiting temperature at which a given take-off can be made).

3.                       Climb, cruise and descent performance
3.1                    Terminology
3.1.1              Understand and be able to use terms in correct context:
(a)           LRC;
(b)           specific range;
(c)           PNR;
(d)           point of safe diversion (PSD);
(e)           ETP;
(f)             ISA and temperature derivatives (for example, ISA+10o).
3.2                    Theory
3.2.1              Basis of speed and thrust management:
(a)           basic theory:
(i)             drag (thrust) versus speed;
(ii)            thrust/speed required for minimum drag;
(iii)          thrust/speed required for minimum fuel consumption;
(iv)          specific range;
(v)           thrust available versus thrust required;
(vi)          excess thrust;
(vii)        climb speeds;
(viii)       best rate of climb;
(ix)          best angle of climb;
(x)           graphical representations of the above.
(b)           effect of altitude and temperature variations:
(i)             fuel consumption;
(ii)            range;
(iii)          specific range;
(iv)          rate of climb.
3.2.2              Effect of operational decisions:
(a)           factors affecting choice of cruise speed (general discussion only):
(i)             direct costs;
(ii)