Document ID: chunk:federal_register_of_legislation:F2024L00482:reg:2:p2
Version: federal_register_of_legislation:F2024L00482
Segment Type: reg
Provision Reference: reg 2 (pt 2/7)
Character Range: 56231–59169

much as 23 per cent of identified potential nesting habitat being lost in this time, noting that prior to 2007, this region was not recognised as supporting Swift Parrot breeding (Webb et al. 2019).
Much of the Swift Parrot potential breeding habitat in Tasmania is on private and public land that is subject to management arrangements under the Tasmanian Forest Management System.
The process of adaptive management and continuous improvement is built into the Tasmanian Forest Management System, and specific management arrangements for Swift Parrots have continued to evolve since 1996 to account for new knowledge (e.g. Forest Practices Authority 2010; Munks et al. 2004). However there remains an ongoing need for continual monitoring, evaluation and adaptive improvement in management approaches, particularly with regards to measures addressing habitat recruitment, the refinement of knowledge including in regards to nesting and foraging habitat requirements and their spatial and temporal availability.
Harvesting operations and land clearing of foraging habitat on the Australian mainland also remains a substantial threat. Impacts on Swift Parrot habitat in NSW have been so severe that only 5 to 30 per cent of the original vegetation now remains, such as for Grey Box and Grassy White Box woodland, and what is left is often degraded (Saunders and Russell 2016). With such extensive losses of habitat there is an increased risk that the remaining areas fail to produce the necessary food resources in one year. Before such extensive habitat losses occurred, the birds had a much greater chance of locating the food resources they needed each year (Saunders and Russell 2016).
The loss of mature box-ironbark woodlands of central Victoria and coastal forests of New South Wales, including Spotted Gum forests on the south coast, reduces the suitability of these habitats for this species by removing mature trees which are preferred by Swift Parrots. Larger trees typically provide more reliable, greater quantity and quality of food resources than younger trees (Wilson and Bennett 1999; Kennedy and Overs 2001; Kennedy and Tzaros 2005). However, the extent of forest loss over Swift Parrot foraging habitat on the mainland has not been quantified, and the impacts from urban and agricultural land clearing and commercial harvesting operations on the mainland remain uncertain.

Firewood collection – illegal and legal
Firewood collection is a threat to nesting and foraging habitat in Tasmania and to foraging habitat on mainland Australia. Trees targeted by firewood collectors are often those most valuable to the Swift Parrot, being large, mature forage trees or trees with suitable nesting hollows. Registered firewood suppliers operate in accordance with industry codes of practice or are formally regulated, which typically includes provisions to not collect from areas that might have an impact on threatened species.