Document ID: chunk:federal_register_of_legislation:F2013C00288:reg:4:p7
Version: federal_register_of_legislation:F2013C00288
Segment Type: reg
Provision Reference: reg 4 (pt 7/8)
Character Range: 2139978–2143588

0.005 µg/m3—the same as the WHO value).

    4.4.5         Recommendation
On the basis of the discussion above, the following toxicity reference values (TRVs) have been adopted for cadmium in the derivation of HILs:

4.5              Calculated HILs
On the basis of the above (and using the assumptions presented in this document),  an HIL A has been derived at 15 mg/kg, essentially the same (with consideration of uncertainties and accuracy of HIL calculations) as the existing HIL of 20 mg/kg. There is no new data available that suggests that the existing HIL is not adequately protective and therefore, given the level of uncertainty in the calculation of any HIL, the existing HIL A has been retained. HILs B, C and D have been calculated on the basis of the parameters presented above.

On the basis of the above, the following HILs have been derived for cadmium (refer to Appendix B for equations used to calculate the HILs and Appendix C for calculations):
HIL Scenario            HIL (mg/kg)                      Percentage Contribution from Exposure Pathways
Ingestion of Soil/Dust  Ingestion of Home-grown Produce  Dermal Absorption of Soil/Dust                  Inhalation (dust)
Residential A           20                               31                                              67%                --  2
Residential B           150                              78                                              --                 --  22
Recreational C          90                               97                                              --                 --  3
Commercial D            900                              65                                              --                 --  35

-- Pathway not included in derivation of HIL

4.6              References
ATSDR 2008, Draft Toxicological Profile for Cadmium, Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry, available from http://www.atsdr.cdc.gov/ToxProfiles/tp.asp?id=48&tid=15.
DEC 2003, Ambient Air Quality Research Project (19962001), Internal working paper no. 4, Ambient concentrations of heavy metals in NSW, Department of Environment and conservation (NSW).
EA 2009a, Soil Guideline Values for cadmium in soil, Science Report SC050021/Cadmium SGV, Environmental Agency, Bristol, UK.
EA 2009b. Supplementary information for the derivation of SGV for cadmium. Science Report SC050021/Technical review cadmium, Environmental Agency, Bristol, UK.
FSANZ 2003, The 20th Australian Total Diet Survey. A total diet survey of pesticide residues and contaminants, (website: http://www.anzfa.gov.au/).
FSANZ 2011, The 23rd Australian Total Diet Study, Food Standards Australia and New Zealand.
IARC 2012, IARC Monographs on the Evaluation of Carcinogenic Risks to Humans, Volume 100. Part C: A Review of Human Carcinogens: Cadmium and Cadmium Compounds, World Health Organization and International Agency for Research on Cancer. http://monographs.iarc.fr/ENG/Monographs/vol100C/mono100C-6.pdf.
Langley, AJ 1991, 'Setting Investigation Levels for Cadmium', presented in the proceedings of a National Workshop on the Health Risk Assessment and Management of Contaminated Sites, Contaminated Sites Monograph Series.
MfE 2011, Toxicological intake values for priority contaminants in soil, New Zealand Ministry for the Environment, Wellington, New Zealand.
NHMRC 2011, National water quality management strategy. Australian drinking water guidelines, National Health and Medical Research Council, Australia.
RIVM 2001, Re-evaluation of human-toxicological Maximum Permissible Risk levels, National Institute of Public Health and