Document ID: chunk:federal_register_of_legislation:F2016L00410:body:0:p15
Version: federal_register_of_legislation:F2016L00410
Segment Type: other
Provision Reference: 
Character Range: 41424–44432

or material with one that is less hazardous to reduce the risk. For example:
          + Using pre-cast panels rather than constructing a masonry wall
          + Using pre-finished materials in preference to on-site finishing
    * Isolation – separate the hazard or hazardous work practice from people, for example designing the layout of a building so that noisy machinery is isolated from workstations
    * Engineering controls – use engineering control measures to minimise the risk, for example, including adequate ventilation and lighting in the design, designing and positioning permanent anchorage and hoisting points into buildings where maintenance needs to be undertaken at height
    * Administrative controls – If engineering controls cannot reduce the risk sufficiently, then administrative controls should be used, for example using warning signs or exclusion zones where a hazardous activity is carried out.
    * Personal protective equipment – (for example hard hats, respiratory protection, gloves, ear muffs) should be used to protect the worker from any residual risk. It is the least effective control measure as it relies on the worker's behaviour and therefore requires thorough training and a high level of supervision to be effective.
In many cases a combination of control measures will be required to minimise the risks to health and safety. For example traffic flow at a workplace may be controlled by incorporating traffic islands (engineering) and erecting warning signs (administrative).
When considering which control measures to implement:
    * look specifically at identifying any risks that a competent builder or user would not be expected to be aware of
    * consider where residual risks remain, and ensure these are communicated to the builder and/or other people likely to exercise control in the next stages of the lifecycle of the structure, for example clients and maintenance contractors
    * take a holistic view on the interaction of hazards in the assessment of their risks and implementation of control measures
    * assess alternative control measures for their applicability.

3.4         Reviewing control measures
As the design progresses and design decisions become more fine-tuned and detailed, there
are still opportunities for either eliminating or minimising risks. At various points in the design process, designers should review design solutions to confirm the effectiveness of risk controls and if necessary, redesign to minimise the risks so far as is reasonably practicable.

Wherever possible, design safety reviews should involve the people who will eventually construct the structure. If this is not possible, the client and designer should make every effort to include people with knowledge and experience in the construction and maintenance processes in the design safety reviews. Their expertise will assist in identifying safety issues which may have been overlooked in the design.

Health and safety aspects of the design should be