Document ID: chunk:federal_register_of_legislation:F2025C00050:body:0:p311
Version: federal_register_of_legislation:F2025C00050
Segment Type: other
Provision Reference: 
Character Range: 1083041–1086682

'factors' that effect the diurnal variation of wind and describe typical 'variations' in surface wind strength during a 24-hour period.
2.7                    Air masses and fronts
2.7.1              Describe typical 'flying weather' associated with the following, with reference to the parameters mentioned in subsection 2.7.2:
(a)           cold fronts; and
(b)           warm fronts; and
(c)           wave depressions; and
(d)           occluded fronts; and
(e)           tropical cyclones; and
(f)             the equatorial trough.
2.7.2              For subsection 2.7.1, the following are the parameters:
(a)           temperature (warmer/colder);
(b)           wind changes (back/veer, stronger/weaker);
(c)           stability and turbulence;
(d)           cloud type and approximate amount, precipitation.
2.8                    Flight considerations
2.8.1              With respect to the phenomena listed below from (i) to (xii)
(a)           state the conditions favourable to their development and, where applicable, their dispersal;
(b)           recognise signs which may indicate their presence;
(c)           describe their effect on flight characteristics;
(d)           where applicable, state the pilot actions required to minimise their effect on an aircraft in flight:
(i)             thermals, turbulence; and
(ii)            dust devils and dust storms; and
(iii)          wind gradient, wind shear and low-level jetstreams; and
(iv)          anabatic and katabatic winds; and
(v)           mountain waves and fohn winds; and
(vi)          land and sea breezes; and
(vii)        inversions and fog; and
(viii)       thunderstorms and microbursts; and
(ix)          downdrafts associated with terrain/cloud; and
(x)           atmospheric stability and instability; and
(xi)          hoar frost, rime, and clear airframe ice; and
(xii)        tropical cyclones, tornadoes.
2.9                    Synoptic meteorology
2.9.1              Given a MSL analysis chart, identify:
(a)           high and low pressure systems; and
(b)           a trough, a ridge, a col; and
(c)           warm, cold and occluded fronts; and
(d)           a tropical cyclone; and
(e)           approximate wind direction.
2.9.2              Describe typical weather characteristics associated with the items listed in 2.9.1 (a) and (b) above.
2.9.3              For subclause 2.9.2, weather characteristics means the following:
(a)            approx wind direction;
(b)           moisture content (dry/humid);
(c)           cloud: stratiform and cumuliform;
(d)           clear skies;
(e)           turbulent or smooth air;
(f)             good or poor visibility.
2.10                Weather services
2.10.1          For given locations, determine from CASA documents the availability of aviation forecasts, meteorological reports and weather briefing and state the method of obtaining this information.
2.10.2          State/select the conditions under which it is mandatory to obtain a forecast.
2.10.3          For information contained in an ARFOR, TAF, TTF, METAR, SPECI, AIRMET or SIGMET, do the following:
(a)           explain the coded information in plain language;
(b)           decide whether a particular forecast is valid for a flight;
(c)           apply the information to planning for and conducting a flight.
2.10.4          Given typical weather briefing, evaluate weather information applicable to a flight, and:
(a)           assess likely changes in weather during the flight (both improving and deteriorating); and
(b)           list phenomena which may adversely affect the flight.
2.10.5          List the conditions