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and dolphins. All Commonwealth waters are assigned as the Australian Whale Sanctuary.
United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea (UNCLOS)
UNCLOS defines the rights and responsibilities of nations in their use of the world's oceans. It establishes guidelines for businesses, the environment and the management of marine natural resources. It provides foreign vessels with a right of innocent passage through territorial seas.
In December 2012, the IMO endorsed an Australian submission to establish an Area to be Avoided (ATBA, an IMO ship routing measure), off the Ningaloo Coast in Western Australia. The ATBA, which came into effect on 1 June 2013 and applies to all ships over 150 gross tonnage and all ships engaged in towing operations, aims to
 1. mitigate the risk created by increasing coastal traffic and shipping activity, by maintaining a safer distance between ships and the reefs;
 2. prevent incursions by off-loading and offshore support ships servicing production facilities further north;
 3. reduce the risk of shipping accidents; and
 4. protect a world heritage-listed region from any ship-sourced pollution.
UN Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples
On 3 April 2009 the Australian Government announced its support for the UN Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples. Although the Declaration is non-binding and does not affect existing Australian law, it does set important international principles for nations to aspire to and many of its provisions are grounded in the core human rights treaties to which Australia is a party.
1996 Protocol to the Convention on the Prevention of Marine Pollution by Dumping of Wastes and Other Matter, 1972 (the London Protocol)
Australia is a party to the London Protocol, the objective of which is to protect and preserve the marine environment from all sources of pollution and prevent pollution caused by dumping or incineration at sea of wastes or other matter. The London Protocol limits the types of materials that can be considered for ocean disposal, and bans the incineration of wastes at sea. In Australia, the London Protocol is administered by the Australian Government under the Sea Dumping Act.
2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development and the Sustainable Development Goals (2030 Agenda)
The 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development (2030 Agenda) aims to integrate the social, environmental and economic dimensions of sustainable development. The 2030 Agenda was agreed by 193 Member States at the United Nations Sustainable Development Summit in New York in September 2015. It includes 17 Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) – a roadmap for sustainable development efforts to 2030 and beyond. Australian Marine Parks contribute to five SDGs: SDG 8 – Decent Work and Economic Growth; SDG 12 – Responsible Production and Consumption; SDG 13 – Climate Action; SDG 14 – Life below