Document ID: chunk:federal_register_of_legislation:F2016L00405:body:0:p19
Version: federal_register_of_legislation:F2016L00405
Segment Type: other
Provision Reference: 
Character Range: 48033–50813

example surges, which can build up in the piping.

    Figure 4 Open end of pipe capped. Nearest valve closed locked and tagged.
    * Inserting a suitable full-pressure spade or blank in piping between the flanges as close as practicable to the confined space (see Figure 5). The full-pressure spade or blank should be tagged to indicate its purpose.

    Figure 5 Insertion of full pressure spade or blank. Nearest valve closed, locked and tagged. Spade is also tagged to indicate its purpose.
    * Closing, locking and tagging at least two valves in the piping leading to the confined space (see Figure 6). A drain or vent valve between the two closed valves should be locked open to atmosphere as part of this method.

  Figure 6 Closing, locking and tagging at least two valves

Before entry is permitted to any confined space that can move, or in which agitators, fans or other moving parts that may pose a risk to workers are present, the possibility of movement should be eliminated.
Equipment or devices with stored energy, including hydraulic, pneumatic, electrical, chemical, mechanical, thermal or other types of energy, should be reduced to a zero energy condition so that no energy is left in devices and systems that could cause injury or illness.
If the confined space has agitators, blades and other moving equipment, consider chocking, wedging, chaining or removing these parts. Alternatively de-energise the equipment, lockout and tag out machinery, mixers, agitators and other equipment containing moving parts in the confined space. This may require additional isolation, blocking or de-energising of the machinery itself to guard against the release of stored energy.
When a lock is used, the key should be kept in the possession of the person placing the lock. Spare keys should not be accessible except in emergencies. The tag should indicate that a person is in the confined space and that such isolation should not be removed until all people have left the confined space.
Examples where this procedure may be used include:
    * an open circuit breaker or open isolating switch supplying electrical power to equipment with hazardous moving parts
    * where a power source cannot be controlled readily or effectively, requiring a belt or other mechanical linkage to be disconnected and tagged.

    5.6         Atmosphere
A safe atmosphere must be ensured, so far as is reasonably practicable, during work in a confined space. A safe atmosphere in a confined space is one that:
    * has a safe oxygen level
    * is free of airborne contaminants or any airborne contaminants are in concentrations below their allowable exposure standard (if any)
    * any flammable gas or vapour in the atmosphere is at concentrations below 5% of its LEL.
A safe