Document ID: chunk:federal_register_of_legislation:F2025L00287:reg:3:p205
Version: federal_register_of_legislation:F2025L00287
Segment Type: reg
Provision Reference: reg 3 (pt 205/276)
Character Range: 754551–758003

10. Predation by Argentine ant                                                                                     Rare (0–10%)              Negligible   Negligible
11. Competition from/change of habitat because of weed invasion                                                    Unlikely (11–25%)         Minor        Low
12. Infection by pathogens already present                                                                         Rare (0–10%)              Negligible   Negligible
13. Impacts of potential new invasive species or pathogens                                                         Unlikely (11–25%)         Minor        Low
14. Changes to vegetation, increased fire risk and/or direct physiological stress as a result of climatic changes  Possible (26–50%)         Moderate     Medium
15. Problems caused by small populations, including lack of genetic diversity                                      Possible (26–50%)         Moderate     Medium

Management actions
Undertake targeted weed control and maintenance. Undertake revegetation/habitat restoration. Exclude or manage cattle grazing. Monitor existing populations.

Recovery target
The recovery target is shown in Table 94.
Table 94 Recovery target for Euphorbia obliqua
EPBC Act status  Estimated population (2023)  Where known populations occur    2034 target
Vulnerable       814                          <95% within the public reserves  1500

Relevant literature
Invasive Species Council & TierraMar (2021) The Native Plant Communities of Norfolk Island. Invasive Species Council, Katoomba, NSW.
Mills K (2009a) The Flora of Norfolk Island. 9. The Vegetation of Nepean Island (including Errata and Addenda for Papers 1 to 8). Kevin Mills & Associates, Jamberoo, NSW.
Mills K (2017c) Survey of public reserves on Norfolk Island for threatened plant species: 1. The Kingston Reserves. Prepared for Norfolk Island Regional Council.
Orchard A (ed) (1994) Flora of Australia. Vol. 49. Oceanic Islands 1. Australian Government Publishing Service, Canberra.
TSSC (Threatened Species Scientific Committee) (2003b) Commonwealth Listing Advice for Norfolk Island Flora - 15 Vulnerable Species.

Hibiscus insularis—Phillip Island hibiscus
Family MALVACEAE

Conservation significance
Endemic to Phillip Island.
EPBC Act Listing Status: Critically Endangered.

Description
Large shrub growing to 2.5m high. The flowers are solitary and pale yellow with a greenish tinge, have a dark magenta centre, and turn purple as they age.

Distribution and abundance
There were 13 plants in 1939 and only eight surviving in 1963 (Orchard 1994). In 1988, Hibiscus insularis was restricted to one site only, with a major patch and a minor patch on the northern slopes of Phillip Island (Sykes & Atkinson 1988). In 2003 there were fewer than 50 mature plants surviving in the wild (TSSC 2003a). In 2009 there were over 100 plants on Phillip Island, with a large clump in the upper part of Long Valley (Mills 2009b).
Plants are now being cultivated at the Norfolk Island National Park Nursery, and the species has been planted in revegetation programs in public reserves and is grown in many private gardens. The population estimate in 2021 was 350 individuals.
The distribution is shown in Map 39.

Ecology
This species takes 18 years to mature from seed, but plants mature more quickly when propagated from cuttings.
The predatory moths Pectinophora scutigera and Anisoplaca cosmia may reduce