Document ID: chunk:federal_register_of_legislation:F2025C00050:body:0:p324
Version: federal_register_of_legislation:F2025C00050
Segment Type: other
Provision Reference: 
Character Range: 1127503–1131288

specified reserves;
        4.        weight limitation and aeroplane balance requirements;
        5.          latest departure time.
5.2.4              Given a typical commercial task, including the following, do the things mentioned in paragraphs (d), (e), (f) and (g):
        1.        departure and landing points within and/or outside controlled airspace;
        2.        weather and operational briefing;
        3.         appropriate performance data;
    then:
        1.        select safe routes to comply to VFR;
        2.        select cruise levels as follows:
(i)             to comply with VFR and the table of cruising levels;
(ii)            which meet passenger and fuel economy requirements;
        1.          determine the following:
(iii)          the minimum (safe) fuel required;
(iv)          the maximum payload (passengers/cargo and fuel) that may be carried;
(v)           whether intermediate refuelling is necessary;
(vi)          ETD and ETA after considering day VFR requirements, flight/duty time limitations and commercial considerations;
        1.        complete a flight plan form and a loading system.
5.3                    Equi-time point (ETP), point of no return (PNR), diversions
5.3.1              Given fuel on board, use planned/given ground speed to decide which of the following courses of action would require the least fuel (including reserves):
(a)           proceed to destination;
(b)           return to the departure aerodrome;
(c)           proceed to a suitable alternate.
5.3.2              Calculate time and distance to an ETP or PNR between 2 points, using planned or given data.

Unit 1.9.6                                   COPA:  CPL operations, performance and planning – aeroplane

1.                       Reserved

2.                       Operational knowledge
2.1                    Aerodromes and aeroplane landing areas (ALAs)
2.1.1              ALAs are included as a topic in this syllabus pursuant to a pilot's responsibilities in accordance with CASA regulations.
2.1.2              Explain and apply the following terms used in CASA publications and documents:
(a)           take-off safety speed;
(b)           take-off distance available (TODA);
(c)           take-off distance required (TODR);
(d)           landing distance available (LDA);
(e)           landing distance required (LDR).
2.1.3              Determine whether a given aerodrome or ALA is suitable for an aeroplane to take-off and land safety in accordance with guidelines contained in CASA guidance material.
2.2                    Climb, cruise and descent performance
2.2.1              From typical charts or tables extract/determine the following data for climb, cruise and descent:
(a)           time, speed, distance, fuel flow/quantity;
(b)           appropriate engine settings;
(c)           rates of climb/descent;
(d)           the conditions under which an aeroplane will achieve maximum range and endurance.
2.2.2              Determine the:
(a)           best air and ground nm/unit of fuel (for example, 2.5 nm/kg);
(b)           least fuel/air or ground nm (for example, 0.4 kg/nm).

3.                       Fuel units
3.1.1              Using US Gal, kg and litres, estimate:
(a)           mid-zone weight;
(b)           landing weight;
(c)           take-off weight at an intermediate landing point.

Unit 1.9.7                                   COPH:  CPL operations, performance and planning – helicopter

     1.                    Reserved

1.                       Operational knowledge
1.1                    Helicopter limitations
1.1.1              Describe the reason for following operational limitation on helicopter performance:
(a)           maximum rotor RPM – power on;
(b)           maximum rotor