Document ID: chunk:federal_register_of_legislation:F2025L00287:reg:3:p203
Version: federal_register_of_legislation:F2025L00287
Segment Type: reg
Provision Reference: reg 3 (pt 203/276)
Character Range: 747357–751307

certain (91–100%)  Major        Extreme
7. Predation by cats                                                                                               Rare (0–10%)              Negligible   Negligible
8. Predation or damage by chickens                                                                                 Likely (51–90%)           Moderate     Medium
9. Predation by swamphens                                                                                          Rare (0–10%)              Negligible   Negligible
10. Predation by Argentine ant                                                                                     Possible (26–50%)         Minor        Low
11. Competition from/change of habitat because of weed invasion                                                    Possible (26–50%)         Moderate     Medium
12. Infection by pathogens already present                                                                         Possible (26–50%)         Moderate     Medium
13. Impacts of potential new invasive species or pathogens                                                         Unlikely (11–25%)         Minor        Low
14. Changes to vegetation, increased fire risk and/or direct physiological stress as a result of climatic changes  Possible (26–50%)         Major        High
15. Problems caused by small populations, including lack of genetic diversity                                      Almost certain (91–100%)  Extreme      Extreme

Management actions
Undertake targeted weed control and maintenance around existing plants. Undertake revegetation/habitat restoration. Exclude or manage cattle grazing. Undertake propagation and planting in shaded areas under pines in coastal habitat across all land tenures. Plants should be grown to a reasonable size before being planted out to increase survival rates. Investigate suitable habitat below pines within One Hundred Acres Reserve.
Monitor existing populations and conduct searches in other areas (such as adjacent to Bumbora reserve and along the coast to Beefsteak).

Recovery target
The recovery target is shown in Table 92.
Table 92 Recovery target for Euphorbia norfolkiana
EPBC Act status        Estimated population (2023)  Where known populations occur  2034 target
Critically Endangered  388                          >85% within the national park  1000
                                                    >10% within public reserves

Relevant literature
Christian NE & Mills K (2021) Vegetation Mapping of Norfolk Island 2021. Unpublished data.
Invasive Species Council & TierraMar (2021) The Native Plant Communities of Norfolk Island. Invasive Species Council, Katoomba, NSW.
Mills K (2007d) The Flora of Norfolk Island. 5. Field Survey of the Norfolk Island Endemic Shrub Euphorbia norfolkiana (Euphorbiaceae). Kevin Mills & Associates, Jamberoo, NSW.
Mills K (2009b) The Vegetation of Phillip Island, Norfolk Island Group. Envirofund 2007/2008. Kevin Mills & Associates, Jamberoo, NSW.
Mills K (2012b) The Flora of Norfolk Island. Report 14. The Endangered Plants in the national park: Field Survey and Review. Kevin Mills & Associates, Jamberoo, NSW.
Mills K (2017a) Survey of public reserves on Norfolk Island for threatened plant species: 3. Point Ross Reserve and Bumbora Reserve. Prepared for Norfolk Island Regional Council.
Mills K (2017b) Survey of public reserves on Norfolk Island for threatened plant species: 8. Ball Bay Reserve. Prepared for Norfolk Island Regional Council.
Sykes W & Atkinson I (1988) Rare and Endangered Plants of Norfolk Island. Unpublished report to the Australian National Parks and Wildlife Service, Norfolk Island.
TSSC (Threatened Species Scientific Committee) (2003a) Commonwealth Listing Advice for Norfolk Island Flora – 11 Critically Endangered Species.

Euphorbia obliqua—a herb
Family EUPHORBIACEAE

Conservation significance
Australian distribution restricted to Norfolk Island. Also