Document ID: chunk:federal_register_of_legislation:F2025C00150:reg:1:p25
Version: federal_register_of_legislation:F2025C00150
Segment Type: reg
Provision Reference: reg 1 (pt 25/29)
Character Range: 277967–284944

engine and accessories and systems.

Module 16 Piston engine

                                                                                                                                                                                                      Level of knowledge for the category
                                                                                                                                                                                                   A  B1                                   B2

16.1   Fundamentals                                                                                                                                                                                1  2                                    —
Mechanical, thermal and volumetric efficiencies;
Operating principles: 2 stroke, 4 stroke, otto and diesel;
Piston displacement and compression ratio;
Engine configuration and firing order.
16.2   Engine performance                                                                                                                                                                          1  2                                    —
Power calculation and measurement;
Factors affecting engine power;
Mixtures and leaning, pre-ignition.
16.3   Engine construction                                                                                                                                                                         1  2                                    —
Crankcase, crankshaft, camshafts, sumps;
Accessory gearbox;
Cylinder and piston assemblies;
Connecting rods, inlet and exhaust manifolds;
Valve mechanisms;
Propeller reduction gearboxes.
16.4   Engine fuel systems
16.4.1   Carburettors                                                                                                                                                                              1  2
Types, construction and principles of operation;
Icing and heating.
16.4.2   Fuel injection systems                                                                                                                                                                    1  2                                    —
Types, construction and principles of operation.
16.4.3   Electronic engine control                                                                                                                                                                 1  2                                    —
Operation of engine control and fuel metering systems including: electronic engine control (FADEC), systems layout and components.
16.5   Starting and ignition systems                                                                                                                                                               1  2                                    —
Starting systems, pre-heat systems;
Magneto types, construction and principles of operation;
Ignition harnesses, sparkplugs;
Low and high-tension systems.
16.6   Induction, exhaust and cooling systems                                                                                                                                                      1  2                                    —
Construction and operation of induction systems, including alternate air systems;
Exhaust systems, engine cooling systems — air and liquid.
16.7   Supercharging and turbo charging                                                                                                                                                            1  2                                    —
Principles and purpose of supercharging and its effects on engine parameters;
Construction and operation of supercharging and turbo charging systems;
System terminology;
Control systems;
System protection.
16.8   Lubricants and fuels                                                                                                                                                                        1  2                                    —
Properties and specifications;
Fuel additives;
Safety precautions.
16.9   Lubrication systems                                                                                                                                                                         1  2                                    —
System operation and layout and components.
16.10   Engine indication systems                                                                                                                                                                  1  2                                    —
Engine speed;
Cylinder head temperature;
Coolant temperature;
Oil pressure and temperature;
Exhaust gas temperature;
Fuel pressure and flow;
Manifold pressure.
16.11   Powerplant installation                                                                                                                                                                    1  2                                    —
Configuration of firewalls, cowlings, acoustic panels, engine mounts, anti‑vibration mounts, hoses, pipes, feeders, connectors, wiring looms, control cables and rods, lifting points and drains.
16.12   Engine monitoring and ground operation                                                                                                                                                     1  3                                    —
Procedures for starting and ground run-up;
Interpretation of engine power output and parameters;
Inspection of engine and components: criteria, tolerances and data specified by engine manufacturer.
16.13   Engine storage and preservation                                                                                                                                                            —  2                                    —
Preservation and depreservation for the engine and accessories and systems.

Module 17 Propeller

                                                                                       Level of knowledge for the category
                                                                                    A  B1                                   B2
17.1   Fundamentals                                                                 1  2                                    —
Blade element theory;
High and low blade angle, reverse angle, angle of attack, rotational speed;
Propeller slip;
Aerodynamic, centrifugal, and thrust forces;
Torque;
Relative airflow on blade angle of attack;
Vibration and resonance.
17.2   Propeller construction                                                       1  2                                    —
Construction methods and materials used in wooden, composite and metal propellers;
Blade station, blade face, blade shank, blade back and hub assembly;
Fixed pitch,