Document ID: chunk:federal_register_of_legislation:F2022L00775:reg:18:p50
Version: federal_register_of_legislation:F2022L00775
Segment Type: reg
Provision Reference: reg 18 (pt 50/152)
Character Range: 178399–181460

linked to ecosystem changes caused by climate change and salmon productivity (Brooke 2004; Springer at al. 2018). Recent studies indicate that both young and adults suffer from the ingestion of marine plastic debris, with potentially adverse effects (Carey 2011).

Recommended Management Actions
      Update population estimates for this species in Tasmania and Australia

      Regularly monitor breeding populations at index locations

      Determine non-breeding areas and migration routes

      Maintain bycatch mitigation strategies in relevant fishery operations

      Implement measures to reduce the impact of light pollution near breeding colonies

      Measure contaminant levels in all relevant life stages

Wildlife Conservation Plan for Seabirds 81
Species profiles

Streaked Shearwater (Calonectris leucomelas)

Life History and Distribution

The Streaked Shearwater (Calonectris leucomelas) is a very large shearwater, with a long slender bill, long slender neck and body tapering to long wedge-shaped tail. Wings are long and broad and the species has a diagnostic white face, finely streaked black.
This species is found in the western Pacific, breeding on the coast and on offshore islands of Japan, Russia, China and Korean Peninsula. Breeding begins in March at colonies on offshore islands, occupying burrows in forested hills. It undergoes trans-equatorial migration traveling south during winter, to the coasts of Vietnam, New Guinea, the Philippines, Australia, southern India and Sri Lanka (del Hoyo et al. 1992,
Praveen et al. 2013). It feeds mainly on fish and squid which it catches by surface-seizing and shallow plunges. It often associates with other seabirds and will follow fishing boats.

Population Estimates and Trends
The global population has been estimated to number 3 million individuals
(Brooke 2004). In Japan, where the majority of the species breeds, there are 11 islands that are each thought to be inhabited by more than 10,000 breeding pairs (Oka 2004). According to locals, the species appears to have been decreasing rapidly on Mikura-Jima, but quantitative data are not available (BirdLife International 2019). The prevalence of threats from introduced predators suggests that the species is in overall decrease; however, further data are required from throughout the species range to assess the current population trend.

Conservation Concerns and Actions
Introduced mammals poses the greatest threat to the population, with cats (Felis catus), Norway Rats (Rattus norvegicus) and Black Rats (R. rattus) being present on islands throughout the species range. Rats have invaded at least three of the Japanese breeding islands, with current impacts largely unknown, but likely to affect fledgling success and egg predation (Lee 2010). Climate change is affecting foraging distribution and hence energetic budgets of adults. It is further predicted that whole colonies may be affected in the future as prey populations shift distribution in response to climate change. In addition to these threats,