Document ID: chunk:federal_register_of_legislation:F2022L00677:reg:12:p26
Version: federal_register_of_legislation:F2022L00677
Segment Type: reg
Provision Reference: reg 12 (pt 26/33)
Character Range: 100167–103873

estimated costs do not take into account inflation over time)
Action                       Cost (as of 2020)
Year 1       Year 2                              Year 3      Year 4       Year 5       Total
Strategy 1  400,000                              375,000      375,000     375,000     375,000      $1,900,000
Strategy 2  170,000                              145,000      145,000     145,000     145,000      $825,000
Strategy 3  610,000                              635,000      670,000     610,000     660,000      $3,185,000
Strategy 4  375,000                              250,000      250,000     250,000     250,000      $1,375,000
Strategy 5  125,000                              125,000      125,000     125,000     125,000      $625,000
Strategy 6  10,000                              0             10,000      0           20,000       $40,000
TOTAL       $1,690,000                           $1,530,000   $1,575,000  $1,505,000  $1,650,000   $7,950,000

     Chapter 7
     Effects on other native species and biodiversity benefits

   Reducing anthropogenic impacts to coastal and marine habitats, supporting work to reduce disturbance and the adverse impacts of invasive species, will likely benefit
   other listed threatened and migratory species, such as Hooded Plover, Little Tern and migratory shorebirds such as the Critically Endangered Eastern Curlew and Curlew Sandpiper. Implementation of the Recovery Plan will also have positive outcomes for other marine and coastal species and listed ecological communities through improving habitat quality.

               Chapter 8
Social and economic considerations

             The major economic impact of this Recovery Plan will be on those who require approval to remove or modify Australian Fairy Tern habitat and are prevented from doing so, or are required to modify their proposal by a consent authority. As habitats important habitats are identified, there is potential for developments to be restricted under the EPBC Act development assessment and approval process. This may include increased costs due to the assessment processes, requirement to provide offsets to secure or rehabilitate habitat, or for other threat mitigation work. Further information on the EPBC Act environmental assessment arrangements can be accessed here: http://www.environment.gov.au/protection/environment-assessments.

             Localised, short-term, impacts may occur in areas where nest protection measures are implemented around breeding birds. Temporary fencing to delineate a safe distance from a nesting colony may be required to protect vulnerable eggs and chicks from human disturbance and off-leash dogs. Such structures may restrict access to small areas of beach and cause a minor inconvenience to beach visitors during the Australian Fairy Tern breeding season.

             A large network of community volunteers across Australia actively participate in BirdLife Australia coordinated annual surveys for migratory shorebirds and beach nesting birds. Involvement can provide social benefits with community members and engaged groups having a sense of achievement, inclusion, community spirit and pride whilst gaining enjoyment and appreciation of their surrounding natural environment. The community education components of the program also promote community ownership, provide community support and encourage active involvement in protecting local natural resources. In Western Australia, a network of over 300 land managers and citizen scientists regularly contribute information on the movement of banded birds and breeding activities.

             In addition, there is the potential for economic gains through