Document ID: chunk:federal_register_of_legislation:F2022L00620:body:0:p48
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interwar stripped classicism and overseas influences (including Spanish Mission, the Prairie Style, Stripped Classicism and Art Deco).[91]  Major figures in the development of the Federal Capital included:
      * Sir John Sulman (1849-1934), an architect active in the Arts and Crafts movement in England before emigrating to Australia in 1885.  He was influential in shaping ideas on town planning in Australian the years leading to Canberra's inception.  He served as chairman of the Federal Capital Advisory Committee (predecessor to the FCC) from 1921 to 1924;
      * Leslie Wilkinson (1882-1973), Australia's first Professor of Architecture and a noted advocate of climate responsive design;
      * William Hardy Wilson (1881-1955), an influential architect and writer who was a proponent of Colonial Revival architecture.  His seminal work, Colonial architecture in New South Wales and Tasmania was published in 1924;
      * Walter Burley Griffin (1876-1937), an exponent of Prairie style design principles; and
      * John Smith Murdoch (1862-1945), Australia's first Commonwealth Government Architect, and designer of a number of key works in Canberra's Inaugural Phase (1911-1927)
While not the earliest examples of buildings in the Federal Capital style, the Parliament House Secretariat group performed a significant role in refining and consolidating the style.  This arose as a consequence of the buildings being the seat of government and being the first buildings in the Parliamentary Triangle.
Further, as a pragmatic and well-resolved solution to the challenge of accommodating a variety of official uses and operations quickly, West Block (and East Block) can be seen as representative of the times.  The buildings are architecturally unpretentious and designed in a style that could accommodate change and alterations without detrimental impact on its formal presentation.
Figure 40 Mount Stromlo Observatory, established 1924
Source: ACT Heritage Library
Figure 41 Albert Hall, Canberra, 1928
Source: ACT Heritage Library

Figure 42 Melbourne and Sydney buildings, Civic (1926-27)
Source: ACT Heritage Library

3.2.2               Landscaped setting
As noted by Professor Ken Taylor, a former professor of landscape architecture at Canberra University and author of Canberra, City in the Landscape (2006), the years leading up to the development of Canberra saw the, 'birth of the town and country planning movement as the forerunner of modern urban planning'.[92]  During this period two planning principles dominated: the City Beautiful movement and the Garden City movement.  Although distinct in emphasis and expression the two shared common objectives, specifically a rejection of the squalid and unhealthy living conditions created by unplanned and opportunistic urban development that proliferated during the Industrial Revolution.
The City Beautiful movement, informed by Renaissance planning principles, was concerned with urban aesthetics and order.  It is characterised by axes and vistas lined with monumental civic buildings connecting gardens and public spaces.  A leading proponent of City Beautiful