Document ID: chunk:federal_register_of_legislation:F2025L00287:reg:3:p213
Version: federal_register_of_legislation:F2025L00287
Segment Type: reg
Provision Reference: reg 3 (pt 213/276)
Character Range: 783357–787396

Agency.
de Lange PJ, Johnson PN, Norton DA, Hitchmough R, Heenan PB, Courteney SP, Molloy B.P.J, Ogle C.C & Rance BD (2004) Threatened and uncommon plants of New Zealand. New Zealand Journal of Botany 42, 45–76.
Orchard A (ed) (1994) Flora of Australia. Vol. 49. Oceanic Islands 1. Australian Government Publishing Service, Canberra.
Mills K (2012b) The Flora of Norfolk Island. Report 14. The Endangered Plants in the national park: Field Survey and Review. Kevin Mills & Associates, Jamberoo, NSW.
Sykes W & Atkinson I (1988) Rare and Endangered Plants of Norfolk Island. Unpublished report to the Australian National Parks and Wildlife Service, Norfolk Island.
TSSC (Threatened Species Scientific Committee) (2003c) Commonwealth Listing Advice for Norfolk Island Flora – 16 Endangered Species.

Melicope littoralis—shade tree
Family RUTACEAE

Conservation significance
Endemic to Norfolk Island.
EPBC Act Listing Status: Vulnerable.

Description
Tree to 5 m tall, with trifoliolate leaves (having three leaflets), small creamy-white flowers and shiny black seeds.

Distribution and abundance
There were 273 mature individuals in 2003 with most plants occurring in the Mt Pitt section of the national park (Orchard 1994, TSSC 2003b). In 2010 it was considered widespread within the park and the 2021 population estimate was 305.
The distribution is shown in Map 44.

Ecology
Little known.

Habitat
Occurs in moist upland hardwood forest (Invasive Species Council & TierraMar 2021).

Threats
The black rat may contribute to the failed reproduction of this species (Bell 1990). Phytophthora cinnamomi is potentially a major risk.

Impact on other species
None known.
Map 44 Distribution of Melicope littoralis
Green outlines indicate reserves within which the species occurs. Green shading shows plant communities within which the species may occur (Christian & Mills 2021).

Risk assessment
Risk assessment undertaken for Vulnerable trees/shrubs as a grouping. The risk assessment is shown in Table 105.
Table 105 Risk assessment for Vulnerable trees/shrubs as a grouping
Risk                                                                                                               Likelihood of exposure    Consequence  Threat rating
1. Loss and fragmentation of native vegetation through past land clearing                                          Almost certain (91–100%)  Extreme      Extreme
2. Loss and fragmentation of native vegetation through current or future land clearing                             Rare (0–10%)              Negligible   Negligible
3. Degradation of native vegetation through past grazing or loss of nutrients                                      Almost certain (91–100%)  Extreme      Extreme
4. Degradation of native vegetation through current or future grazing                                              Possible (26–50%)         Moderate     Medium
6. Predation by rodents                                                                                            Likely (51–90%)           Moderate     Medium
7. Predation by cats                                                                                               Rare (0–10%)              Negligible   Negligible
8. Predation or damage by chickens                                                                                 Rare (0–10%)              Negligible   Negligible
9. Predation by swamphens                                                                                          Rare (0–10%)              Negligible   Negligible
10. Predation by Argentine ant                                                                                     Possible (26–50%)         Minor        Low
11. Competition from/change of habitat because of weed invasion                                                    Likely (51–90%)           Major        High
12. Infection by pathogens already present                                                                         Possible (26–50%)         Moderate     Medium
13. Impacts of