Document ID: chunk:federal_register_of_legislation:F2013C00288:reg:1850:p3
Version: federal_register_of_legislation:F2013C00288
Segment Type: reg
Provision Reference: reg 1850 (pt 3/117)
Character Range: 353236–356284

adjacent landholdings
    * condition of groundwater bore headworks
    * measurement of groundwater (water table and/or piezometric) levels
    * condition of buildings, concrete and bitumen floors and roads, etc.
    * building construction  (slab-on-ground or other, presence or absence of crawl spaces and basements)
    * the means of heating (fuel type) and cooling buildings on the site
    * presence or absence of bonded asbestos-containing materials (bonded ACM) on the ground surface
    * presence of stockpiles, fill, containment areas, sumps, drains and waste disposal areas – operational and closed
    * evidence of cut and fill activities
    * presence of pits, ponds and lagoons
    * presence and condition of chemical containers, holding tanks, bunds, etc.
    * presence and condition of any underground storage tanks (USTs) and associated infrastructure
    * underground structures that may be associated with sub-surface contamination
    * condition of materials storage and handling facilities and any solid or liquid waste disposal areas
    * any evidence of on-site spillage of dangerous goods and/or off-site migration.
For operating sites, an inventory of chemicals stored or used at the site and copies of Material Safety Data Sheets (MSDSs), dangerous good licences, operating licences, works approvals and notices, and results of environmental audits  (e.g. audits conducted under ISO 14000) should be obtained where practicable.

    4                   Conceptual site models

4.1              Overview
A conceptual site model (CSM) is a representation of site-related information regarding contamination sources, receptors and exposure pathways between those sources and receptors. The development of a CSM is an essential part of all site assessments and provides the framework for identifying how the site became contaminated and how potential receptors may be exposed to contamination either in the present or the future.

Typically, the CSM should be presented in written format and illustrated with suitable graphics and flow diagrams. Example graphics can be found in Clements et al. (2009) and Davis et al. (2009a). An example CSM in the form of a flow diagram can be found in Schedule B4 (Figure 2).

The CSM can be a useful tool for informing discussions with stakeholders regarding the investigation and management of potential and known contamination impacts.
 The complexity of the CSM should correspond to the scale and complexity of the known or potential contamination impacts.

4.2              Iterative development of conceptual site models
Source: Clements et al. (2009); SA EPA (2009) and Davis et al. (2009a)
The development of a CSM is a dynamic process and it is important that all the information and data from each stage of an assessment are reviewed in an integrated manner (using a multiple-lines-of-evidence approach where appropriate) to refine the CSM and used to inform subsequent decisions on whether further investigation or management is necessary. Note changes to the CSM may