Document ID: chunk:federal_register_of_legislation:F2025L00287:reg:3:p154
Version: federal_register_of_legislation:F2025L00287
Segment Type: reg
Provision Reference: reg 3 (pt 154/276)
Character Range: 587191–590130

McCoy H (2010) A review of the seabirds of Phillip Island in the Norfolk Island Group. Notornis 57, 113–127.
Schodde R, Fullagar P & Hermes N (1983) A review of Norfolk Island birds past and present (Special Publication No. 8). Australian National Parks and Wildlife Service, Canberra.

Anous stolidus—common noddy

Conservation significance
Secure, widespread.

EPBC Act Listing Status: Marine, Migratory.

Distribution
Widespread over subtropical and tropical seas worldwide, breeding on various islands. It breeds on the Norfolk Island Group and in Australia on the islands of the Great Barrier Reef, north-west Australia, and Lord Howe Island.
The common noddy is a common spring and summer breeding species that gathers on the islands to nest, then disperses out to sea. It nests in small groups on the ground or amongst rocks on Phillip Island. Estimates of breeding population on Phillip Island range from >1000 pairs in 1977 (Fullagar 1978) to a few hundred in 1978–79 (Tarburton 1981; Schodde et al. 1983) and several hundred pairs in 1985 (Hermes et al. 1986).

Ecology
Breeds on Phillip Island in spring and early summer (October to December–January). On Norfolk Island, each pair raises a single brood each year. The single egg can be replaced if lost and is incubated for 35 days. Hatching to fledging spans 50 days. Nests in a depression on the ground or in rocks. Feeds mainly on fish, foraging typically in flocks and swooping to take prey from the sea surface.

Habitat
Marine, pelagic mainly in tropical or subtropical waters.

Threats
The main threat to the black noddy is the reduction in the quality of foraging areas through climate‑related shifts in oceanic resources. As a ground nesting species, the presence of cats on Norfolk Island probably excludes it from breeding there. This species is largely secure in Australasia, but predation from cats and disturbance from humans have adversely affected some populations.

Impact on other species
None known.

Management actions
Protect and enhance nesting areas through revegetation efforts. Retain status of pest-free Phillip Island through detection monitoring for introduced vertebrates and invertebrates.

Relevant literature
Christian M (2005) Norfolk Island … the birds. Green Eyes Publications, Norfolk Island.

Fullagar PJ (1978) Norfolk Island birds. Unpublished report to RAOU Congress, Norfolk Island.

Hermes N, Evans O & Evans B (1986) Norfolk Island birds: a review 1985. Notornis 33, 141–149.

Schodde R, Fullagar P & Hermes N (1983) A review of Norfolk Island birds past and present (Special Publication No. 8). Australian National Parks and Wildlife Service, Canberra.

Tarburton MK (1981) Seabirds nesting on Norfolk Island. Notornis 28, 209–211.

Ardenna carneipes—flesh-footed shearwater

Conservation significance
EPBC Act Listing Status: Marine, Migratory (listed marine under the EPBC Act as Puffinus carneipes).
State Listing Status: Listed as