Document ID: chunk:federal_register_of_legislation:F2025C00050:body:0:p297
Version: federal_register_of_legislation:F2025C00050
Segment Type: other
Provision Reference: 
Character Range: 1032929–1037423

2.2.2              Composition and function of the blood.
2.2.3              Blood pressure:
(a)           control of blood pressure;
(b)           hypotension and hypertension;
(c)           hemodynamic effects of acceleration.
2.2.4              Functional anatomy of the respiratory system.
2.2.5              Ventilation of the alveolar space, respiratory control.
2.2.6              Hypoxia:
(a)           definition and causes of hypoxia;
(b)           symptoms of oxygen deficiency and treatment;
(c)           time of useful consciousness.
2.2.7              Hyperventilation:
(a)           definition and causes of hyperventilation;
(b)           symptoms and treatment.
2.3                    The pressure cabin
2.3.1              Rapid decompression, effects and counter measures.
2.3.2              Entrapped gases, barotrauma.

3.                       Human information processing
3.1                    The general system
3.1.1              Central and peripheral nervous system.
3.1.2              Sensory threshold, sensitivity, adaptation, habituation.
3.1.3              Reflexes and biological control systems.
3.1.4              Information processing by the central nervous system:
(a)           mental set, attention (selective, divided, failure);
(b)           channel capacity, filtering;
(c)           mechanisms of perception, constancies, selective perception.
3.2                    The senses
3.2.1              Vision:
(a)           functional anatomy of the eye;
(b)           physiology of the visual system;
(c)           visual acuity, refraction and refractive errors, presbyopia;
(d)           the visual field, scanning of the environment;
(e)           binocular vision;
(f)             the intraocular pressure, glaucoma;
(g)           hypoxia and vision;
(h)           night vision (dark adaptation);
(i)             defective colour vision.
3.2.2              Hearing:
(a)           functional anatomy of the ear;
(b)           physiology of hearing;
(c)           hearing loss (perceptive, conductive);
(d)           flight-related hazards to hearing: noise-related hearing loss, barotrauma.
3.2.3              Equilibrium:
(a)           functional anatomy and physiology;
(b)           detection of rotary and linear acceleration;
(c)           the subjective vertical;
(d)           motion sickness.
3.3                    Integration of sensory inputs: spatial disorientation and illusions
3.3.1              Basic concepts and definitions.
3.3.2              Categories of disorientation:
(a)           flight circumstances;
(b)           vertigo coriolis effect, pressure, vertigo, flicker vertigo;
(c)           visual illusions (the leans, approach and landing problems);
(d)           prevention and handling of disorientation.
3.4                    Memory
3.4.1              Functional description.
3.4.2              Information storage and recall:
(a)           short-term memory;
(b)           long-term memory;
(c)           motor memory;
(d)           effects of stress and time of day.

4.                       Human behaviour
4.1                    General Concepts
4.1.1              Personality:
(a)           characteristics;
(b)           individual differences in personality;
(c)           self concept;
(d)           attitude development;
(e)           cognitive dissonance.
4.1.2              Behaviour and skills:
(a)           drives;
(b)           learning;
(c)           motivation and performance.
4.1.3              Human error and reliability:
(a)           human error model;
(b)           types of errors;
(c)           prevention and counter measures;
(d)           reliability of human behaviour;
(e)           errors induced by external factors (ergonomics, organisations).
4.1.4              Working in an automated cockpit:
(a)           advantages;
(b)           disadvantages;
(c)           coping behaviour.
4.2                    Cockpit management
4.2.1              Crew coordination:
(a)           distribution of responsibilities;
(b)           working with a crew concept.
4.2.2              Crew cooperation:
(a)           small group dynamics (norms, atmosphere, pressure, communication, structure);
(b)           conflict management.
4.2.3              Leadership, style of management:
(a)           concern for performance;
(b)           concern for people;
(c)           democratic vs autocratic style;
(d)           encouraging inputs and feedback;
(e)           optimising of crew performance in