Document ID: chunk:federal_register_of_legislation:F2022L01285:reg:2:p10
Version: federal_register_of_legislation:F2022L01285
Segment Type: reg
Provision Reference: reg 2 (pt 10/14)
Character Range: 57224–60864

the exception of the Northern Royal Albatross and Westland Petrel that breed on the South Island of New Zealand. The approach to nesting varies between and within species. Some breeding pairs will form solitary nests while others will nest in loose to dense colonies, or in mixed colonies with other seabird species. Nest construction varies between and within species. Nesting strategies include the construction of cupped pedestal mounds, nesting on the ground, slopes and cliffs, and in burrows, as well as nesting among tussock-grass, ferns, grassy meadows, scrub, and under forest canopies.

2.6           Habitats regarded as critical to the survival of the threatened species
Albatrosses and petrels are extremely site-faithful (Bried & Jouventin 1999, Gauthier et al. 2010) and the populations currently breeding at identified locations in Australia's jurisdiction are unlikely to breed elsewhere in our jurisdiction (Baker et al 2002). These remote offshore islands therefore should be regarded as habitat that is potentially critical to the survival of albatrosses and petrels in Australia (additional information on each breeding site is provided in Appendix C).
Albatross and petrel species breeding sites in Australia's jurisdiction are as follows:
    * Shy Albatross (endemic) breeds on three offshore islands adjacent to Tasmania: Albatross Island, the Mewstone and Pedra Branca (Brothers et al. 2001, ACAP 2013a, 2013d, 2013e, DPIPWE 2021b)
    * Black-browed Albatross, Grey-headed Albatross, Grey Petrel, Light-mantled Albatross, Wandering Albatross, Northern Giant Petrel, and Southern Giant Petrel breed on Macquarie Island in the sub-Antarctic (Brothers et al. 2001, ACAP 2013b, DPIPWE 2021a)
    * Black-browed Albatross breeds on Bishop and Clerk Islets in the sub-Antarctic adjacent to Macquarie Island (Brothers et al. 2001, Brothers & Ledingham 2008, ACAP 2014)
    * Black-browed Albatross, Light-mantled Albatross, and Southern Giant Petrel breed on the External Territory of Heard Island and McDonald Islands in the sub-Antarctic (ACAP 2013c, 2013f). Potentially, a small population of Wandering Albatross might be present on Heard Island (Kirkwood et al. 1989), although only a nest mound was found during a visit in 2001 (ACAP 2013c)
    * Southern Giant Petrel breed in the AAT at Giganteus Island (Mac.Robertson Land), Hawker Island (Princess Elizabeth Land), and Frazier Islands (Wilkes Land) (ATCM 2013, 2015, 2016).
The location and extent of albatross and petrel breeding sites in Australia's jurisdiction are provided in Table 2 and under each species profile (see Appendix A). Details of each of the habitats that are regarded as critical to the survival of threatened albatross and petrel species breeding within Australia's jurisdiction are set out in Appendix C.

Table 2: Albatross and petrel breeding site locations in Australia's jurisdiction.
Site                     Species                                                                                                                                                 Location                                                                    Coordinates        Approximate size

Albatross Island         Shy Albatross                                                                                                                                           70 km north-west of Stanley, Tasmania                                       40°23'S, 144°39'E  33 ha

Mewstone                 Shy Albatross                                                                                                                                           123