Document ID: chunk:federal_register_of_legislation:F2025C00187:reg:3:p6
Version: federal_register_of_legislation:F2025C00187
Segment Type: reg
Provision Reference: reg 3 (pt 6/9)
Character Range: 186526–189284

(1), when navigating by visual reference over the sea, visual reference features may include rocks, reefs and fixed human-made objects that are:
(a) marked on topographical charts appropriate for the flight; and
(b) readily identifiable from the air.
       (3) When not navigating by visual reference to the ground or water, the pilot in command must comply with the requirements in Chapter 14, as if the flight were an IFR flight.
       (4) The pilot in command of an aircraft may:
(a) operate in an airspace or on a route designated as requiring use of a particular navigation specification; or
(b) conduct a terminal instrument flight procedure designated as requiring use of a particular navigation specification;
        but only if the aircraft is approved for operation, under the particular navigation specification, by at least 1 of the following:
(c) the AFM;
(d) a document approved under Part 21 of CASR as part of, or based on, an airworthiness assessment;
(e) for a foreign-registered aircraft — a document approved in writing by the NAA of the State of registration or State of the operator of the aircraft.
       (5) If the pilot in command is engaged in any of the following:
(a) operating in an airspace or on a route that requires the use of GNSS;
(b) conducting a terminal instrument flight procedure that requires the use of GNSS;
(c) conducting a terminal instrument flight procedure using GNSS as a substitute or alternative for a ground-based navigation aid within the meaning of subsection 14.05 (1);
        then the operation must be conducted using an approved GNSS.

CHAPTER 14 IFR FLIGHTS

14.01 Purpose and definition
       (1) For subregulation 91.287 (1), this Chapter prescribes requirements relating to the operation of an aircraft for an IFR flight.
       (2) In this Chapter, an aircraft is approved for operation under a particular navigation specification if it is approved for the specification by at least 1 of the following:
(a) the AFM;
(b) a document approved under Part 21 of CASR as part of, or based on, an airworthiness assessment;
(c) for a foreign-registered aircraft — a document approved in writing by the NAA of the State of registration or State of the operator of the aircraft.

14.02 IFR flight navigation requirements
       (1) The pilot in command must navigate the aircraft by:
(a) use of an area navigation system that meets the performance requirements of the intended airspace or route; or
(b) use of a ground-based navigation aid, but only if:
           (i) the route is one where, after making allowance for possible tracking errors of ±9° from the last positive fix, the aircraft will come within the rated coverage of a ground-based navigation aid which can be used to fix the position