Document ID: chunk:federal_register_of_legislation:F2024L00346:reg:4:p6
Version: federal_register_of_legislation:F2024L00346
Segment Type: reg
Provision Reference: reg 4 (pt 6/7)
Character Range: 66786–72953

significance of the threat (consequence). These variables are combined in a matrix to provide an ordinal level of risk associated with particular threatening process ranked from 0 (being circumstances where no threat exists) to 3 (where a catastrophic level of threat exists). The derived risk matrix (Table 1) provides a basis for prioritisation of threats to guide Recovery Actions.

Table 1 Threats impacting the Spiny Rice-flower
Threat                                                                                                           Threatening process                       Probability                  Extent                    Trend          Consequenceb
Habitat loss and fragmentation                                                                                   Loss of individuals                       Known                        Across entire range       Static         Major
Loss of populations                                                                                              Known                                     Across entire range          Static                    Catastrophic
Reduced connectivity and gene flow with genetic consequences                                                     Known                                     Across entire range          Static                    Moderate
Pollination limit                                                                                                Known                                     Across entire range          Static                    Major
Loss of habitat available for establishment                                                                      Known                                     Across entire range          Static                    Catastrophic
Reduced habitat quality                                                                                          Known                                     Across entire range          Static                    Major
Habitat loss associated with land tenure                                                                         Private land with no regulatory controls  Known                        Across part of its range  Static         Major
Public land not amenable for conservation                                                                        Known                                     Across part of its range     Static                    Major
Increased frequency and duration of reduced rainfall, or severe rainfall deficiencies induced by climate change  Drought stress and mortality              Known                        Across entire range       Increased      Major
Reduced reproductive output (seed) and recruitment                                                               Known                                     Across entire range          Increased                 Major
Declining pollinator populations (Sanchez & Wyckhuys, 2019)                                                      Known                                     Across entire range          increased                 Major
Local extinctions                                                                                                Likely                                    Across entire range          Increased                 Catastrophic

Fire regimes that cause declines in biodiversitya                                                                Habitat loss and degradation              Known                        Across entire range       Increased      Major
Low Fire Frequency                                                                                               Known                                     Across entire range          Increased                 Major
Loss of population and increased fire-competition interaction                                                    Possibly                                  Across entire range          Increased                 Major
Weeds                                                                                                            Reduced recruitment                       Known                        Across part of its range  Increased      Major
Increased fire risk due to biomass accumulation                                                                  Known                                     Across part of its range     Increased                 Major
Change in habitat structure, composition, and function                                                           Likely                                    Across part of its range     Increased                 Major
Loss of individuals                                                                                              Known                                     Across part of its range     Increased                 Major
Herbivory and grazing                                                                                            Grazing and trampling from livestock      Known                        Across part of its range  Static         Major
Grazing by native herbivores                                                                                     Likely                                    Across part of its range     Not known                 Not known

Grazing by introduced herbivores                                                                                 Known                                     Across part of its range     Static                    Major

Note: a) Fire regimes that cause declines in biodiversity include the full range of fire-related ecological processes that directly or indirectly cause persistent declines in the distribution, abundance, genetic diversity or function of a species or ecological community. 'Fire regime' refers to the frequency, intensity or severity, season, and types (aerial/subterranean) of successive fire events at a point in the landscape (DAWE 2022). Fire regimes that cause biodiversity decline in temperate grassland communities on the Victoria Volcanic Plain, where Spiny Rice-flower predominantly occurs, have been identified as