Document ID: chunk:federal_register_of_legislation:F2022L00775:reg:18:p90
Version: federal_register_of_legislation:F2022L00775
Segment Type: reg
Provision Reference: reg 18 (pt 90/152)
Character Range: 288625–291612

Africa and Angola), and on the coasts of Australia and New Zealand (del Hoyo et al. 1996). This species is predominately coastal but will migrate over land. Most or all of its food is obtained by kleptoparasitism when nesting near other seabird colonies. Otherwise, its diet can include rodents, adult and fledgling passerines, shorebird chicks, bird eggs, insects and berries.
 Breeding begins in May or June, occurring later in the north then the south. It is either colonial at seabird sites or widely scattered across the tundra, where it is territorial (del Hoyo et al. 1996).

 Population Estimates and Trends
A very preliminary estimate of the global population size is approximately 400,000–560,000 mature individuals (BirdLife International 2019). The population is suspected to be stable in the absence of evidence for any declines or substantial threats. The Australian population and trends are unknown.

 Conservation Concerns and Actions
Arctic Jaegers have been classified as highly sensitive to changes in sandeel (Ammodytes spp.) populations (ICES 2017), with decreases in sandeel stocks causing decreases in the northernmost Scottish populations. Localised persecution of this species occurs on Iceland, the Faroes, Northern Scotland and across Scandinavia (del Hoyo et al. 2019), in order to alleviate stresses to other seabirds and due to the species' aggressive behaviour towards humans during the breeding season. However, the level of persecution remains low and has decreased in more recent years owing to the increased legal protection for this species. In Australia, there are no factors thought to pose a genuine threat to this species.

 Recommended Management Actions
          Gain an improved understanding of the at sea distribution in Australia

          Determine non-breeding areas and migration routes

Species profiles

Long-tailed Jaeger (Stercorarius longicaudus)

Life History and Distribution

The Long-tailed Jaeger (Stercorarius longicaudus) is the smallest and most lightly built jaeger, with a short stout bill, small head, slim body and prominent chest. The species is more elegant and tern-like than Arctic Jaeger (S. parasiticus). In breeding plumage, adults have a diagnostic long, fine central tail-streamers that project beyond the rest of the tail. This species breeds in the high Arctic of Eurasia and North America and has a circumpolar winter distribution in the Southern Oceans (del Hoyo et al. 1996). Breeding begins in June, with birds widely scattered over the Arctic and subarctic or montane tundra, up to 1,300 m Above Sea Level in Scandinavia. This species is marine and highly oceanic, rarely occurring within sight of land except when breeding. It feeds mainly on lemmings during the summer, but will also take shrews, many insects, berries and small birds when rodents are scarce. Its winter diet is largely unknown, but probably includes marine insects and fish, with some scavenging and