Document ID: chunk:federal_register_of_legislation:F2024L00408:front:0:p238
Version: federal_register_of_legislation:F2024L00408
Segment Type: other
Provision Reference: 
Character Range: 747322–750249

heaving, trip hazards, joint sealant deteriorated, dead shrubs;
      * Royal Australian Navy Memorial – rear screen plantings patchy/in poor condition;  and
      * Kemal Ataturk Memorial – landscape plantings are patchy.

    2.3 Associated Places

Anzac Parade is associated with a number of overlapping places.

The National Heritage listed section of Anzac Parade is closely associated with the Australian War Memorial as the other component of the National Heritage place.

Anzac Parade is also associated with the Parliament House Vista, being part of the larger Commonwealth Heritage listed place.

The Parade is also part of the overall Land Axis.

In all of these cases, Anzac Parade has a strong and intimate association which is related to planning, landscape, views, history and social qualities.

Figure 24.  Australian War Memorial on Remembrance Day 2011
Source:  Duncan Marshall

3. Overview History

    3.1 Introduction

This history is divided into two main parts which deal with the:
      * social, planning and political history of the study area after colonisation;  and
      * the landscape history of Anzac Parade.

The first section offers a narrative framework which deals with the major social, planning and political elements of the story, and the landscape history section then summarises the landscape dimension of that story.

While the social/planning/political history and the landscape history each have a different emphasis, there is a small measure of overlap between these sections.  This has been minimised but some remains in order to create linkages between these two aspects of the same overall story.

    3.2 Social, Planning and Political History after European Settlement

Before Anzac Parade

Before the development of Canberra as the national capital, the area that was to become Anzac Parade was open paddocks on Robert Campbell's 'Duntroon' property, with the St John's Church and graveyard built in 1845 to the west, and the road from Scott's crossing, on the Molonglo River, to Yass passing between St John's and the back of what is now the western part of the New Zealand Memorial, crossing Anzac Parade south of the present Constitution Avenue intersection and running on through the Parkes Way intersection (see Figure 25 below).

  Figure 25.  Map of Canberra region, 1916
  Source:  NAA, CP277/1, part, reproduced in Reid 2002, p. 19

  Land Axis shown dotted

  Figure 26.  Plan of Anzac Parade showing 19th Century road and c.1920 railway line
  Source:  Body 1986, drawn by J Goldsmith, 1984, in Marshall and others 2010a

  Legend
  Canberra-Yass Road
  Railway Line

One of the issues discussed at length during the Colonial conventions leading up to the Federation of the Australian colonies into the Commonwealth of Australia in 1901 was the matter of a national capital.  Many initially assumed that either Melbourne or Sydney, as the largest cities in