Document ID: chunk:federal_register_of_legislation:F2013C00288:reg:5:p2
Version: federal_register_of_legislation:F2013C00288
Segment Type: reg
Provision Reference: reg 5 (pt 2/4)
Character Range: 2516765–2519696

For plant uptake to be significant, the chemicals must be able to partition to soil water. With respect to endrin bound to the soil, the potential for partitioning to soil water is considered to be low and hence plant uptake is considered to be negligible.

5.3.5         Intakes from Other Sources – Background
WHO (1992) provides an evaluation of exposures by the general public which are dated and relate to a period when endrin was in use. The total intake of endrin from dietary, water and air sources (noted to be dominated by dietary intakes) was estimated by WHO (1992) to be 'far below' the ADI adopted (0.2 µg/kg/day). Use of endrin was phased out in Australia in the late 1980s with the last product registration cancelled at the end of 1990. Hence background intakes in Australia are expected to lower than estimated by WHO. Food Standards Australia and New Zealand has not detected endrin in any sample in the 19th, 20th or 23rd food surveys (FSANZ 2003; FSANZ 2011). Hence, background intakes would be expected to be negligible. Assuming a negligible background intake is considered appropriate, based on current information.

5.4              Identification of Toxicity Reference Values

5.4.1         Classification
The International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC 1987) has classified endrin as Group 3—not classifiable, on the basis of inadequate evidence in humans and experimental animals.

It is noted that US EPA has classified endrin as Group D—not classifiable.

5.4.2         Review of Available Values/Information
Insufficient data is available to indicate if endrin is carcinogenic to humans. The available data does show that endrin is not genotoxic (WHO 1992; ATSDR 1996; RIVM 2001). On the basis of the available information it is considered appropriate that a threshold doseresponse approach be adopted for endrin. The following are available from Level 1 Australian and International sources:

Source              Value                        Basis/Comments
Australian
ADWG NHMRC (2011)   No evaluation available
OCS (2012)          TDI = 0.0002 mg/kg/day       TDI (changed from ADI of same value in 2003) provided as endrin no longer in use in Australia. TDI adopted derived from JMPR evaluation.
International
JMPR (1970)         ADI/PTDI =0.0002 mg/kg/day   ADI first established by JMPR in 1970 based on the level that caused no toxicological effects in dietary studies in rats and dogs (NOEL of 0.025 mg/kg/day, and uncertainty factor of 100).
WHO (2011)          PTDI =0.0002 mg/kg/day       Value available in WHO DWG based on JMPR (1970) evaluation (above).
RIVM (2001)         TDI = 0.0002 mg/kg/day       TDI derived on basis of NOAEL of 0.025 mg/kg/day associated liver and kidney effects in a rat study, and an uncertainty factor of 100.
ATSDR (1996)        Oral MRL = 0.0003 mg/kg/day  Chronic oral MRL based on a NOAEL of 0.025 mg/kg/day associated with CNS effects in a 2-year