Document ID: chunk:federal_register_of_legislation:F2017L00641:body:0:p41
Version: federal_register_of_legislation:F2017L00641
Segment Type: other
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Character Range: 123736–126892

turtles nesting in the south-west Kimberley were only determined to be at high risk from acute chemical and terrestrial discharge, but are considered to be at moderate risk from 13 other threats including light glow from urban and industrial development, and fisheries bycatch (Table 8 – F-swKim). Each activity in isolation may not significantly impact the stock, but in concert the reproductive output of the stock may be reduced.
In addition, environmental circumstances may affect the viability of a stock and its ability to withstand existing pressures. For example, where extensive seagrass die off or mass coral bleaching has occurred as a result of an extreme weather event, the loss of adults to ghost nets may exacerbate stock decline.
All stocks in this plan have been identified as being affected by more than one threat and it is only by managing the multiple threats that a stock may be recovered. Cumulative impacts can be difficult to tease apart into constituent threats or individual sources of pressure, especially where threats acting on the stock occur in different jurisdictions.

4.3 Existing management
Australia has a long-standing commitment to the conservation of marine turtles. The prioritisation of threats for the purposes of this plan was undertaken in the context of existing research and management that is being undertaken by all levels of government, non-government organisations, universities, industry partners and communities. Existing management activities have been considered when describing each threat at Section 4.1 and management specific to individual stocks is provided in the stock tables at Section 5.4. The following provides a general overview of management in place for all marine turtles species found in Australia.
The Australian Government works regionally through international conventions and agreements to manage these highly migratory species across their range (see Section 2). The Department also liaises with other Commonwealth agencies and collaborates with state and territory governments, and Indigenous and local communities.
Much of the on-ground implementation of pest management, clean-up activities, habitat restoration, compliance and enforcement of regulations, data collection, and development of guidelines is undertaken by state/territory and local governments, and Indigenous community ranger groups. Some state/territories have developed guidelines for reducing boat strike, protecting nesting beaches during important nesting times, and codes of practice for commercial and recreational fishing. State and territory governments have structures in place to facilitate cooperation with landowners, pastoralists and other land managers to help in managing broad scale threats. The relevant government agencies also utilise education and media to raise community awareness. Monitoring and management of marine turtle stocks is undertaken by Commonwealth and state/territory agencies, Indigenous ranger groups, non-government organisations, volunteer groups and community organisations.
State and territory government partnerships also address the protection of marine turtle stocks