Document ID: chunk:federal_register_of_legislation:F2022L00775:reg:18:p64
Version: federal_register_of_legislation:F2022L00775
Segment Type: reg
Provision Reference: reg 18 (pt 64/152)
Character Range: 216760–219973

contributed considerably to the degradation of Phillip Island and may have previously impacted the species on Norfolk Island.

Species profiles

Cats are likely to have been responsible, along with Brown Rat, for the extirpation of the species on Raoul Island. Both are still present on Vanua Lava and pose an existential threat to the species there. Goats dramatically altered the vegetation on Macauley Island prior to their eradication but no clear population impacts were recorded. Polynesian Rats (Rattus exulans) are present in some parts of the range but have not been demonstrated to impact the population. People on Vanua Lava previously harvested chicks from burrows near Mount Suretamatai (del Hoyo et al. 2019) however, this affected a minority of the population and is thought unlikely to return.

Recommended Management Actions
        Minimise effects of climate change
      Examine the relationship between foraging and breeding succusses, population density and productivity and surrounding sea including tracking to determine use of marine habitat in space and time

        Manage key sites to retain their value under climate change

        Quantify the breeding population on Phillip Island

        Regularly monitor breeding populations at index locations

        Determine non-breeding areas and migration routes

        Eradicate invasive species on breeding islands

        Implement best practice quarantine measures at breeding colonies to reduce the risk of any invasive species (re)establishing on islands

        Measure contaminant levels in all relevant life stages
        Restore Phillip Island and facilitate colony expansion

        Re-establish the Norfolk Island breeding colony

96 Wildlife Conservation Plan for Seabirds

Species profiles

Black-winged Petrel (Pterodroma nigripennis)

Life History and Distribution
The Black-winged Petrel (Pterodroma nigripennis) is a small compact gadfly petrel with a grey and white plumage, almost complete grey collar. The Black-winged Petrel breeds in the south-west Pacific, in Lord Howe Island (Australia), New Caledonia, the Chatham Islands (New Zealand) and Austral Islands (French Polynesia). It breeds in colonies, usually making burrows on high ground inland amongst scrub or tussock grass (del Hoyo et al. 1992). Outside the breeding season it migrates to the north and east Pacific, being common in the north-west Pacific in July–November, and particularly abundant between the Hawaiian Islands (U.S.A.) and Peru. Little is known about its diet, but it is known to include cephalopods and prawns which it catches mainly by surface-seizing and dipping, but also pattering. It has often been recorded feeding in association with other shearwaters and petrels.

Population Estimates and Trends
Brooke (2004) estimated the global population to number 8 –10 million individuals. In recent decades the species seems to have expanded westwards. Attempts to colonise Norfolk Island have been unsuccessful due to cat predation. On Lord Howe Island, the population is approximately 500–600 pairs and