Document ID: chunk:federal_register_of_legislation:F2017L00641:body:0:p93
Version: federal_register_of_legislation:F2017L00641
Segment Type: other
Provision Reference: 
Character Range: 673881–677041

stock[136], however, a long-term study of turtles foraging at the Cocos (Keeling) islands did not record loggerhead turtles foraging[249].
Known foraging areas: Only a small number of loggerhead turtles tagged in eastern Australia have been recorded migrating outside Australia to breed. These turtles travelled to New Caledonia[136], and were captured at Heron Reef and Moreton Bay.
Major threats outside Australia's jurisdiction: These turtles face threats from harvest for meat and eggs at nesting beaches, and adults at internesting areas; entanglement in marine debris; and interaction with high seas or neighbouring countries' fisheries[136].
Hawksbill turtles
Known shared stocks: Solomon Islands, Papua New Guinea and Vanuatu[63, 136].
Known foraging areas: Howick Group[13] and northern Great Barrier Reef[136]. Hawksbill turtles from unknown stocks forage on the reefs of Christmas Island[136], Cocos (Keeling) Islands[251] and Norfolk Island[183]. The Great Barrier Reef supports a major foraging population of hawksbill turtles from the south-west Pacific[134]. These turtles may be part of the north Queensland genetic stock or they could come from neighbouring genetic stocks such as the Solomon Islands[63].
Major threats outside Australia's jurisdiction: Hawksbill turtles foraging in the Howick Group in the northern Great Barrier Reef have high foraging ground survivorship, but this foraging population may be in a decline indicative of impacts to eggs or harvest for meat when turtles migrate outside Australian waters[13]. There was an extensive harvest of hawksbill turtles from Cocos (Keeling) Islands (genetic stock unknown) in the 1800s and early 1900s, which likely depleted the population, but it appears to now be recovering[240]. The greatest threat to hawksbill turtles outside Australia's jurisdiction is take for the tortoiseshell trade[128, 134]. Hawksbills are also subject to entanglement and ingestion of marine debris on the high seas and fisheries bycatch[170].
Olive ridley turtles
Known shared stocks: Unknown, likely to include Indonesia and Papua New Guinea[115].
Known foraging areas: The Arafura Sea and Gulf of Carpentaria provides shared foraging grounds for olive ridley turtles from both Australian and Indonesian stocks[63, 115].
Major threats outside Australia's jurisdiction: The once large breeding populations of olive ridley turtles in Peninsula Malaysia and Thailand have been reduced through long-term overharvest of eggs. There is low density nesting in Indonesia, the Philippines and Papua New Guinea, however linkages with Australian foraging stocks are currently unknown[136]. Olive ridley turtles captured foraging in the Arafura Sea have been shown to come from Australian and Indonesian stocks[115].
Leatherbacks turtles
Known shared stocks: Likely to include the Solomon Islands, Papua New Guinea, Indonesia and the Andaman and Nicobar Islands (India)[63].
Known foraging areas: Indo-Pacific region, particularly the Tasman Sea[14]. Leatherback turtles observed foraging in Australian waters are likely to include turtles that nest in the Solomon Islands and Papua New Guinea. Leatherback turtles