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tomekkorbak

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[ "Quakes' Goodson returns to MLS roots on Saturday\n\nClearly, Clarence Goodson hopes all the reminiscing will come with three points for the Earthquakes when he returns to his MLS roots.", "\n\nWhen the Earthquakes challenge FC Dallas at FC Dallas Stadium on Saturday to kick off a pivotal three-game road swing, Goodson, 31, will face the club that gave him his start. ", "The 6-foot-4 center back, who has fortified the Quakes back line since his debut in a 2-0 win over Chivas USA on Aug. 3, was the No. ", "7 overall draft pick in 2004 by the then-Dallas Burn. ", "He played his first four seasons in Dallas.", "\n\nIn terms of matchups on Saturday, Goodson and Victor Bernardez will likely have to deal with physical Panamanian forward Blas Perez.", "\n\nFC Dallas currently boasts two of Goodson’s former teammates from a talented 2007 squad. ", "Fellow veterans Kenny Cooper and Ramon Nunez are back with the club. ", "Goodson holds fond memories of his time in Frisco.", "\n\n“We had an extremely good team before with a lotta, lotta young guys sprinkled in with some of the veterans,\" Goodson recalled. \"", "Now we’re the veterans that are sprinkled in, and so it’s a totally different mindset in the way that we approach the game. … ", "It’s always great to see old teammates again. ", "Great memories: We went to battle together, so you always hold those things dear to your heart, but Saturday will be a different story competing against them. ", "Of course, I hope we come out on top.”", "\n\nGoodson recalls his rookie year in Dallas being one of transition for the club, which was coming off a disappointing season.", "\n\n“It’s always difficult when you’re a young player, not living at home,” he said. “", "I think they did a good job, and I think that I did a good job in learning from them and really becoming a pro and having a good career.”", "\n\nA fan favorite in Dallas back in the day, Goodson saw his role increase in 2005 when he started in 28 of 29 matches. ", "He also started in 27 of 30 matches in 2007 as Dallas' top defender when the team made the playoffs. ", "After leaving the club, he had six productive years abroad, three apiece with IK Start-Norway and Brondby IF-Denmark.", "\n\nA standout with Team USA in the Gold Cup, Goodson is not sure how the Dallas fans will react to him in his first game back.", "\n\n“I always really appreciated the fans when I was there,” he said. “", "I think that they were always very supportive of us. ", "I have no reason to think that there would be any negativity between myself and the fans, but you never know. ", "I’m playing for a different team now. … ", "No matter what happens, I know we had a good past together and that’s what I remember the most.”" ]

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[ "Q:\n\nHow to check whether a value exists in an array php\n\nCan I check for a value in an array?", "\nWhat I mean is if I'm having an array like this\n$image=array(\n 1 =>$_FILES['image1']['name'],\n 2 =>$_FILES['image2']['name'],\n 3 =>$_FILES['image3']['name'],\n 4 =>$_FILES['image4']['name'],\n 5 =>$_FILES['image5']['name'],\n 6 =>$_FILES['image6']['name'],\n);\n\nI want to know what are the keys that have an image name and I want to update some columns of a mysql table according to array key number, those are having an image name.", "\nI also want to write a sql query to do this. (", "this is an example of what I want. ", "I know this query is wrong)\n$query=\"\n UPDATE mytablename\n foreach($image as $valeu){\n echo'$image(1)=$value';\n echo'$image(2)=$value';\n echo'$image(3)=$value';\n echo'$image(4)=$value';\n echo'$image(5)=$value';\n echo'$image(6)=$value';\n }\n\";\n\nA:\n\narray_search is your friend:\n$key = array_search($image_name, $image);\n\nhttp://www.php.net/manual/en/function.array-search.php\nWhen ever you do something with arrays read the list of array functions.", "\n\n" ]

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[ "Q:\n\nGoing through a DataReader twice\n\nI have the following code which does what it's supposed to do:\nobjSQLCommand = New SqlCommand(\"select * from table1\", objSQLConnection)\n\nobjSQLCommand.", "Connection.", "Open()\nobjSQLDataReader = objSQLCommand.", "ExecuteReader()\n\nWhile objSQLDataReader.", "Read()\n objStringBuilder.", "Append(objSQLDataReader(\"forename\"))\n objStringBuilder.", "Append(\"<br /><br />\")\n objStringBuilder.", "Append(objSQLDataReader(\"surname\"))\n objStringBuilder.", "Append(\"<br /><br />\")\nEnd While\n\nobjSQLDataReader.", "Close()\nobjSQLCommand.", "Connection.", "Close()\n\nBut I need to loop through the objSQLDataReader 1 more time. ", " How would I do that?", "\n\nA:\n\nThree options:\n\nexecute the query twice (readers like this are forwards only)\nbuffer the data locally, then process it twice (the \"buffer\" could be an object collection, XML, a DataTable (spit), etc)\nwrite both outputs at the same time; i.e. for each row, write the first format to the first output, then the second format to the second output\n\nI'd probably aim at the last option, as it involves no buffering or repetition; however I would move the logic for each method into 2 distinct methods\n\nA:\n\nLoop through data reader only once and load your data into some sort of an instantiated collection (e.g. List<MyDataObject>) that you can reference later to loop through again and again, and again. ", "\n\n" ]

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[ "I will get straight to the break. ", "Out of the 16 packs I didn't pull a single Diecut I needed for my set ,\nNone of the Champ. ", "Cal. ", "I need ( I need #1 if any ones has an extra) I\nalso didn't land the Rookie standout I need (#14)\nI also didn't make much progress on my master set of auto's and MM\n. ", "either. ", "but will be able to swap some nicer swatches for plain ones.", "\n\nAll in all I was able to land some upgrades to my set and a couple auto's I needed\n( Wasn't looking forward to Ebay Prices for the Danica auto but still need 2 more the #70 and # 15 won't see the #5 i'm sure unless I pull it)\nand also got a couple of the silver #25\n( that might be a fun set to build) thanks for checking the break out\nI am getting them loaded it is just taking some time I will try and put up a post of every thing thats for trade but will tell you got most\nof the base set in triples plus and the same with the CC and RS\nPM me if you need something in particular.", "\n\n(10-21-2011 12:15 PM)spazmatastic Wrote: Pretty nice boxes, man. ", "Check my trading thread for the Die cuts. ", "It has a list of the 33 I still need. ", "LMK if you can help.", "\n\nI am not supposed to do anything for the next couple days but will pull my cards down and try and list all my needs and duplicates for the Die-cuts I also still need the CC & RS\nI listed in my post still undecided about getting a case any thoughts\n\n(10-21-2011 05:53 PM)tonygwynnandcalripke Wrote: I am not supposed to do anything for the next couple days but will pull my cards down and try and list all my needs and duplicates for the Die-cuts I also still need the CC & RS\nI listed in my post still undecided about getting a case any thoughts\n\nI didn't see anything in your post about buying a case. ", "However, I think you should abort that idea. ", "You have busted soooo many boxes that I think you will only be disappointed with breaking a case of Fanfare. ", "You are too close to completing it to spend that much money on a case. ", "You should go to auction sites and other trading sites to try to complete your sets. ", "You have plenty of trade-bait cards. ", "They should be enough to help you complete the set.", "\nI don't have any CC or RS cards to trade. ", "I have already traded away my RS cards and I am working on the holofoil die-cut set and the CC set, but have no doubles yet. ", "My die-cut set needs are listed in my thread, but here are the cards I need for the CC set: 1, 5, 12, 15. ", "LMK if you have any of these 4 to trade away!", "\n\n(10-21-2011 11:36 PM)spazmatastic Wrote: I didn't see anything in your post about buying a case. ", "However, I think you should abort that idea. ", "You have busted soooo many boxes that I think you will only be disappointed with breaking a case of Fanfare. ", "You are too close to completing it to spend that much money on a case. ", "You should go to auction sites and other trading sites to try to complete your sets. ", "You have plenty of trade-bait cards. ", "They should be enough to help you complete the set.", "\nI don't have any CC or RS cards to trade. ", "I have already traded away my RS cards and I am working on the holofoil die-cut set and the CC set, but have no doubles yet. ", "My die-cut set needs are listed in my thread, but here are the cards I need for the CC set: 1, 5, 12, 15. ", "LMK if you have any of these 4 to trade away!", "\n\nI have none of those but could throw you A dale jr.& ", "denny hamlin allStars insert from main event along with the gloves off, heck will even throw in a random auto from fane fare ( how bout kenny wallace love that guy) let me know" ]

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[ "Q:\n\nhow to get multiple values from single text box and store it in array and also store it in database\n\nCan I use php to get multiple values from one input text box and store it in array?", "\nI want to read multi integers from the user and store it in array\nFor example, I add one input text and one submit:\n\nA:\n\nYou could do it in this way.", "\nMake an form in HTML having an input which should take comma seperated integer values like this:\n<form action=\"url\" method=\"POST\">\n <input id=\"dataInput\" type=\"text\" name=\"data\" value=\"12,34,56\">\n <button id=\"submitBtn\">Submit</button>\n</form>\n\nNow on submitting the form, you should receive the data in PHP, and you can use php's explode method like this:\n<?", "php\n\n$data = $_POST['data'];\n$data_arr = explode(',', $data); // <----- explode the string here from commas\n// Now you can store these values into the database\n\nSo the output for the $data_arr would be:\n$data_arr = array(\n 0 => '12',\n 1 => '34',\n 2 => '56'\n);\n\nHope this helps!", "\n\n" ]

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[ "Just who is man’s best friend? ", "Who are these creatures that we’ve welcomed into our homes—who light up when we call their names, fetch things for us (like news updates and groceries), and make us feel better when we’re sad (by putting on Beyoncé and allowing us to order food without even moving)? ", "It’s the digital home assistant, of course—and it’s very obedient. ", "Unfortunately, it turns out, not just to you.", "\n\nThere’s a new reason to worry about the fact that your smart device might be listening all the time: She might be listening to someone else. ", "According to a report in the New York Times, researchers in both China and the U.S. have been looking into the way in smart homes can be infiltrated by audio undetectable to the human ear. ", "It turns out that secret commands—audible only to Alexa, Siri, and friends—can be successfully hidden within music, white noise, or YouTube videos: a home intrusion made up of only sound. ", "Researchers point out that while they themselves are not exploiting the devices, it’s very likely hackers soon will—and will use the security loopholes to order things online, wire themselves money, and unlock your front door.", "\n\nIt turns out Alexa can hear at a frequency we homo sapiens cannot—just like a dog. ", "And like a dog (or someone who is alt-right curious), our little assistant responds to virtual dog whistles, sounds that only she can detect, without her owner’s knowledge.", "\n\nIf she’s like a dog, she’s not a very good girl. ", "Sure, she’s obedient, and always happy to help, but she’s not at all loyal, willing to take dog-whistle commands from just about anyone—even those out to do her master harm—so long as they ask in the right way. ", "Order more dog food? ", "Mine Dogecoin? ", "Sell the CryptoKitty? ", "Hide it in a YouTube video and she may just do it. ", "Not to mention, she’s a terrible guard dog—put her in charge and she might let strangers into your not-so-smart home.", "\n\nAlexa may be poorly trained, but she certainly works like a dog (and I’m still going to judge you based on how you treat the bitch). ", "When I ask her to sit, she makes a sitting noise, though when I ask her to fetch she says she doesn’t know that one. ", "When I ask her who’s a good girl, she knows it’s not her (“My favorite would be Catherine II, empress of Russia”), but when I decide to take a more direct approach, asking “Alexa, are you a good girl?” ", "she responds, “I’m a great A.I.” And hey, at least she didn’t throw up on my couch while I was writing this, like my roommate’s French bulldog.", "\n\nIn the New York Times report, Google and Amazon say they are working on training her, with owner voice recognition software and technology that mitigates undetectable sound. ", "Apparently you can teach an old (at least by tech standards) dog new tricks. ", "But as with many developments in smart home technology, this research suggests we need to take care—with great power comes great potential for abuse. ", "The more things we give our smart homes control over, the more exploitable they become for hackers, both audial and virtual.", "\n\nJust remember: An AI is for life, not just for Christmas." ]

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[ "Yesterday we dropped news that the HTC Thunderbolt would be receiving Gingerbread (Android 2.3) some time in Q2 of this year, but many asked about its little brother, the DROID Incredible. ", "Well, if we are to believe the email below, which is from another HTC rep, it looks like the DI will also see GB in Q2, but towards the end instead.", "\n\nDear Thomas, I will be happy to assist with your software update inquiry. ", "Indeed the Incredible is going to get 2.3 Gingerbread and we expect to be ready to release it with Verizon before the end of the second quarter of this year. ", "To send a reply to this message or let me know I have successfully answered your question log in to our ContactUs site using your email address and your ticket number 11USCW14ENA000091. ", "Sincerely, Douglas HTC Want to see what others are saying? ", "Have a question to ask other HTC fans? ", "Become a fan of HTC facebook.com/htc\n\nFollow us on Twitter twitter.com/htc\n\nSubscribe to our YouTube Channel youtube.com/htc Explore our development resources developer.htc.com We are unable to receive replies to this email account. ", "Please visit us at htc.com if you have any questions or need further assistance.", "\n\nWe should remind you to take these HTC rep emails for what they are, just rumors until an official HTC announcement makes its way out. ", "Again, it is nice to start seeing some dates thrown around at though; gives us something to look forward to.", "\n\nCheers T!" ]

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[ "Q:\n\nfast.ai: How to get per-batch losses during validation\n\nI'm using AWD-LSTM model implemented by fast.ai. ", "Now I am able to get the validation loss averaged across all batches: \nfrom fastai.text import * \ndata_lm = (TextList.from_csv(\"data/penn\", \"concatenated.csv\", cols='text')\n .split_from_df(\"is_valid\")\n .label_for_lm()\n .databunch()) \nlearner = language_model_learner(data_lm, AWD_LSTM, pretrained=False) \nlearner.fit_one_cycle(10, 1e-2) \nlearner.export(\"exported.pkl\")\n\nitemlist = TextList.from_csv(\"data/penn\", \"concatenated.csv\", cols='text') \nnewlearner = load_learner(path=\"data/penn\", test=itemlist, file=\"exported.pkl\") \nloss, acc = newlearner.validate(newlearner.data.test_dl)\n\nbut how to get the validation loss per batch? ", " \nThings I've tried include:\n1. ", "Try to attach a Recorder. ", "But it seems like Recorder does not monitor validation, and learner.losses only store train losses per batch.", "\n2. ", "Use fastai.basic_train.loss_batch(learner.model, xb, yb, learner.loss_func), where xb and yb are just torch.", "Tensors. ", "But this approach gives the following AttributeError: \n---------------------------------------------------------------------------\nAttributeError Traceback (most recent call last)\n<ipython-input-14-5fa44a2d640f> in <module>\n 5 xb = torch.ones((64, 20)).cuda().long()\n 6 yb = torch.ones((64, 20)).cuda().long()\n----> 7 loss_batch(newlearner.model, xb, yb, newlearner.loss_func)\n\n~/anaconda3/envs/pytorch12/lib/python3.7/site-packages/fastai/basic_train.py in loss_batch(model, xb, yb, loss_func, opt, cb_handler)\n 27 out = cb_handler.on_loss_begin(out)\n 28 if not loss_func: return to_detach(out), to_detach(yb[0])\n---> 29 loss = loss_func(out, *yb)\n 30 \n 31 if opt is not None:\n\n~/anaconda3/envs/pytorch12/lib/python3.7/site-packages/fastai/layers.py in __call__(self, input, target, **kwargs)\n 237 \n 238 def __call__(self, input:Tensor, target:Tensor, **kwargs)->Rank0Tensor:\n--> 239 input = input.transpose(self.axis,-1).contiguous()\n 240 target = target.transpose(self.axis,-1).contiguous()\n 241 if self.floatify: target = target.float()\n\nAttributeError: 'tuple' object has no attribute 'transpose'\n\nA:\n\nI got the solution now.", "\ncb_handler = CallbackHandler(newlearner.callbacks + [], None)\nlosses, acc = fastai.basic_train.validate(\n newlearner.model, \n newlearner.data.test_dl, \n newlearner.loss_func, \n cb_handler, # This is necessary\n average=False)\n\n" ]

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[ "Q:\n\nSelecting a sequence in SQL\n\nThere seems to be a few blog posts on this topic but the solutions really are not so intuitive. ", "Surely there's a \"Canonical\" way?", "\nI'm using Teradata SQL.", "\nHow would I select \n\nA range of number\nA date range\n\nE.g.\nSELECT 1:10 AS Nums\n\nSELECT 1-1-2010:5-1-2014 AS Dates1\n\nThe result would be 10 rows (1 - 10) in the first SELECT query and ~(365 * 3.5) rows in the second?", "\n\nA:\n\nThe \"canonical\" way to do this in SQL is using recursive CTEs, which the more recent versions of Teradata support.", "\nFor your first example:\nwith recursive nums(n) as (\n select 1 as n\n union all\n select n + 1\n from nums\n where n < 10\n )\nselect *\nfrom nums;\n\nYou can do something similar for dates.", "\nEDIT:\nYou can also do this by using row_number() and an existing table:\nwith nums(n) as (\n select n\n from (select row_number() over (order by col) as n\n from ExstingTable t\n ) t\n where n <= 10\n )\nselect *\nfrom nums;\n\nExistingTable is just any table with enough rows. ", " The best choice of col is the primary key.", "\nwith digits(n) as (\n select 1 as n union all select 2 union all select 3 union all select 4 union all select 5 union all\n select 6 union all select 7 union all select 8 union all select 9 union all select 10\n )\nselect *\nfrom digits;\n\nIf your version of Teradata supports multiple CTEs, you can build on the above:\nwith digits(n) as (\n select 1 as n union all select 2 union all select 3 union all select 4 union all select 5 union all\n select 6 union all select 7 union all select 8 union all select 9 union all select 10\n ),\n nums(n) as (\n select d1.n*100 + d2.n*10 + d3.n\n from digits d1 cross join digits d2 cross join digits d3\n )\nselect *\nfrom nums;\n\nA:\n\nIn Teradata you can use the existing sys_calendar to get those dates:\nSELECT calendar_date\nFROM sys_calendar.", "CALENDAR\nWHERE calendar_date BETWEEN DATE '2010-01-01' AND DATE '2014-05-01';\n\nNote: \nDATE '2010-01-01' is the only recommended way to write a date in Teradata\nThere's probably another custom calendar for the specific business needs of your company, too. ", "Everyone will have access rights to it.", "\nYou might also use this for the range of numbers:\nSELECT day_of_calendar\nFROM sys_calendar.", "CALENDAR\nWHERE day_of_calendar BETWEEN 1 AND 10;\n\nBut you should check Explain to see if the estimated number of rows is correct. ", "sys_calendar is a kind of template and day_of_calendar is a calculated column, so no statistics exists on that and Explain will return an estimated number of 14683 (20 percent of the number of rows in that table) instead of 10. ", "If you use it in additional joins the optimizer might do a bad plan based on that totally wrong number.", "\nNote:\nIf you use sys_calendar you are limited to a maximum of 73414 rows, dates between 1900-01-01 and 2100-12-31 and numbers between 1 and 73414, your business calendar might vary. ", "\nGordon Linoff's recursive query is not really efficient in Teradata, as it's a sequential row-by-row processing in a parallel database (each loop is an \"all-AMPs step\" in Explain) and the optimizer doesn't know how many rows will be returned.", "\nIf you need those ranges regularly you might consider creating a numbers table, I usually got one with a million rows or I use my calendar with the full range of 10000 years :-)\n--DROP TABLE nums;\nCREATE TABLE nums(n INT NOT NULL PRIMARY KEY CHECK (n BETWEEN 0 AND 999999));\n\nINSERT INTO Nums\nWITH cte(n) AS\n (\n SELECT day_of_calendar - 1\n FROM sys_calendar.", "CALENDAR\n WHERE day_of_calendar BETWEEN 1 AND 1000\n ) \nSELECT\n t1.n +\n t2.n * 1000 \nFROM cte t1 CROSS JOIN cte t2;\n\nCOLLECT STATISTICS COLUMN(n) ON Nums;\n\nThe COLLECT STATS is the most important step to get correct estimates.", "\nNow it's a simple\nSELECT n FROM nums WHERE n BETWEEN 1 AND 10;\n\nThere's also a nice UDF on GitHub for creating sequences which is easy to use:\nSELECT DATE '2010-01-01' + SEQUENCE \nFROM TABLE(gen_sequence(0,DATE '2014-05-01' - DATE '2010-01-01')) AS t;\n\nSELECT SEQUENCE \nFROM TABLE(gen_sequence(1,10)) AS t;\n\nBut it's usually hard to convince your DBA to install any C-UDFs and the number of rows returned is unknown again.", "\n\n" ]

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[ "Date: 18 September 2018: Within less than 24 Hours and Without Posing Any Threat to Life of Soldiers: Israeli Forces Kill 4 Civilians, including Child, in Two Crimes in Southern and Northern Gaza Strip.", "\n\nThe first was in the southern Gaza Strip When Israeli warplanes launched missiles to kill 2 civilians; one of them was a child, without any justification or threat to the life of soldiers while the second was in the northern Gaza Strip when Israeli forces used excessive force against peaceful protesters near Beit Hanoun “Erez” Crossing.", "\n\nPCHR’s investigations into the first case emphasize that the two killed were civilians who were present near the barbed-wire fence that is around 50 meters away from the main border fence.", "\n\nAlthough no circumstances clarified the reason behind their presence in the scene, they did not pose any threat to the life of soldiers as both were unarmed; moreover, targeting them violates the principle of necessity and distinction.", "\n\nIn the second case, the investigations indicate that the Israeli soldiers used lethal and excessive force against the peaceful protestors who posed no threat or danger to the life of the soldiers in the protests area.", "\n\nAccording to PCHR’s investigations, at approximately 22:30 on Monday, 17 September 2018, the Israeli soldiers stationed along the border fence with Israel in eastern Khan Younis in the southern Gaza Strip opened fire at the area near the border fence in eastern al-Qedra, northeast of the city.", "\n\nAfter around 20 minutes, an Israeli drone launched 2 missiles at the same area.", " Later, the Spokesperson of the Israeli forces,\n\nAvichay Adraee, declared on twitter that a military drone “attacked saboteurs who suspiciously approached the security fence in the southern Gaza Strip and planted a suspicious object near it”. However, this was refuted by the PCHR’s investigations.", "\n\nAt approximately 00:15 on Tuesday, an ambulance crew belonging to the Palestine Red Crescent Society (PRCS) arrived in the vicinity of the area, and the ambulances stopped at the end of Street 2 to the east.", "\n\nAfter coordinating with the International Committee of Red Cross (ICRC), the ambulances started entering the border area and searching for possibly wounded persons.", " Meanwhile, the Palestinian Liaison via phone directed the ambulance crew to where the two persons killed exactly was after the former’s contacted with the Israeli Liaison.", "\n\nThe PRCS crew said to PCHR’s fieldworker that at approximately 00:50 that near the barbed-wire fence established in the Palestinian territories, east of al-Qedra, that is around 50 meters away from the main border fence, they found two bodies of civilians dressed in civilian clothes.", "\n\nOne of them turned into pieces while the second was wounded with shrapnel throughout his body and features of his face was unclear due to the targeting.", "\n\nThe ambulance crew carried the two killed, taking them 300 meters away where the ambulances were parked.", " They were then taken to Naser Hospital in Khan Younis.", "\n\nMoreover, neither firearms nor suspicious objects were found near the bodies unlike what have been said by the Israeli Forces’ Spokesperson.", "\n\nOn Tuesday Afternoon, 18 September 2018, families of the 2 persons killed identified them after their photos were published on social media.", " They were namely as Naji Jamil Hasan Abu ‘Aasi (17) and ‘Alaa Ziad Jamil Abu ‘Aasi (20); who are both from Bani Suhaila.", "\n\nThough the circumstances have not clarified the reason behind their presence in the scene, they posed no threat to the life of Israeli soldiers as they were both civilians and unarmed, noting that the area was calm and did not witness any protests.", " Moreover, many infiltrations into Israel for work there were reported in that area.", "\n\nAt approximately 17:00 on Tuesday, 18 September 2018, Israeli forces stationed at the Beit hanoun “Erez” Crossing in the northern Gaza Strip fired live bullets and tear gas canisters to disperse hundreds of civilians who were protesting near the crossing upon calls from the National Committee of March for Return and Breaking the Siege to participate in the “Together for the Rights of Refugees and Breaking the Siege” activity.", "\n\nThe Israeli Forces’ shooting resulted in the killing of 2 civilians who were identified as Mohammed Ahmed Mohammed Abu Naji (32) from Beit Lahia Housing Project who was hit with a bullet to the chest; and Ahmed Mohammed Muhsen ‘Omer (24) from al-Shati’ refugee camp who was hit with a bullet to the chest.", " Both of them were taken to the Indonesian Hospital in Jabalia.", "\n\nMoreover, 44 civilians, including 7 children, 2 women, 3 journalists and 2 paramedics, were wounded.", " Seven of the wounded were hit with bullets while the rest were directly hit with tear gas canisters in addition to dozens who suffered tear gas inhalation.", " Further, a tear gas canister hit and broke the window of a PRCS ambulance.", "\n\nPCHR condemns these crimes which further prove that Israeli forces continue to use lethal forces against Palestinian civilians to kill them even though the later posed no threat to the life of soldiers.", "\n\nPCHR emphasizes that continuously targeting civilians, who exercise their right to peaceful assembly or while carrying out their humanitarian duty is a serious violation of the rules of international law, international humanitarian law, the ICC Rome Statute and Fourth Geneva Convention.", "\n\nThus, PCHR calls upon the ICC Prosecutor to open an official investigation in these crimes and to prosecute and hold accountable all those applying or involved in issuing orders within the Israeli Forces at the security and political echelons.", "\n\nPCHR also reiterates its call upon the High Contracting Parties to the 1949 Fourth Geneva Convention to fulfill their obligations under Article 1; i.e., to respect and ensure respect for the Convention in all circumstances and their obligations under Article 146 to prosecute persons alleged to commit grave breaches of the Fourth Geneva Convention." ]

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[ "Editor’s note: Breaking views are thoughts from individual members of the editorial board on today’s headlines.", "\n\nProposals to curtail the Second Amendment rights of young adults in California were approved by Senate and Assembly Public Safety Committees this week.", "\n\nOn June 19, the Senate committee approved Assembly Bill 3, Assemblyman Rob Bonta, D-Oakland, which seeks to raise the minimum age of firearms purchases to 21. ", "On the same day, legislation doing the same via Senate Bill 1100 from Sen. Anthony Portantino, D-La Cañada Flintridge, cleared the Assembly’s committee.", "\n\nThese proposals are fundamentally a slap in the face to law-abiding Californians and a rejection of the constitutional rights of Americans.", "\n\nDuring the Senate hearing for SB1100, it was quite apparent that Portantino didn’t really have much of a case.", "\n\nCraig DeLuz from the Firearms Policy Coalition pointed out at the hearing one of the absurd consequenses of what Portantino and Bonta are proposing. ", "While young adults can be sent off to war in other countries with firearms, under the proposal of Bonta and Portantino, these same young adults would be unable to exercise their constitutional rights to defend themselves here at home.", "\n\nOthers at the hearing raised the point that it doesn’t make sense to single out the Second Amendment rights of 18-20 year olds. ", "The Second Amendment is as much a right as the right to vote. ", "And even the consequentialist arguments that 18-20 year olds being disproportionately involved in violent gun crimes doesn’t warrant curtailing their rights anymore than raising the age at which young adults should be able to drive because of how many accidents young people get into.", "\n\nBut rather than address the fact that the constitutional rights of Californians are at stake, Portantino regurgitated tired, self-serving talking points about how the rights of law-abiding Californians should be infringed upon because some of the activist survivors of the Marjory Stoneman Douglas High School shooting think that’s the right thing to do.", "\n\nOf course, Portantino just breezes Parkland survivors like Kyle Kashuv who defend the Second Amendment. ", "Portantino’s interest is in curtailing the Second Amendment rights, so only those whose views are convenient apparently matter.", "\n\nRaising the age to buy a gun is asinine. ", "If you're old enough to join the army, you're old enough to defend yourself with a weapon; if you're a single mother at 19, why shouldn't you be able to buy a weapon to defend your family? — ", "Kyle Kashuv (@KyleKashuv) March 25, 2018\n\nAs I have previously written, proposals to raise the minimum age at which young adults may defend themselves is just another infantilizing overreach by government. ", "Fundamentally, what is being communicated is the right to defend oneself is subject to the political whims of politicians.", "\n\nPreferably, these proposals will fail to advance. ", "If they don’t, I hope Sam Paredes from Gun Owners of California is correct and a lawsuit will be filed to stop Sacramento from further encroaching on the Second Amendment rights of Californians.", "\n\nSal Rodriguez is an editorial writer and columnist for the Southern California News Group. ", "He may be reached at salrodriguez@scng.com" ]

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[ "Detection of wear in electrical conductors such as insulated wires is critical to avoid simple inconvenience and, in some instances, catastrophic system failure. ", "Electrical cables typically consist of a conductor, such as a metallic wire or a plurality of wires, that is insulated with a jacket or sheath around the circumference of the wire. ", "The insulating material can be plastic, rubber, and the like. ", "Power chains have either relatively flat or cylindrical, elongated structures that consist of a series of long, parallel conductors that are separated from one another by an insulating material.", "\nPower chains are incorporated into moving machinery such as robotics and are subject to fatigue as they undergo cyclic motion, as well as by abrasion, impact or tension overload. ", "There exists a need to determine wear in electrical conductors and in particular those that are subject to constant frictional forces such as continuously moving cables. ", "Aside from programmed maintenance and inspection, the most common method of detecting cable wear entails deploying one or more “wear conductors” along strategic positions in the cable that appear to be subject to the most severe wear. ", "Wear can be inferred to occur when an electrically open circuit from a broken conductor is detected. ", "See, for example, U.S. Pat. ", "No. ", "6,034,531 to Senglat et al. ", "and U.S. Pat. ", "No. ", "6,215,315 to Mitsuru Maejima, WO 01/84117 to Pierre et al. ", "and WO 01/42802 to Harry Orton. ", "A major shortcoming of this approach is that the sensing of broken conductors does not lend itself to monitoring progressive wear. ", "Some cable manufacturers also measure cable resistance during life cycle testing; in most cases, this is a static procedure that employs a basic ohmmeter and that is performed when the test equipment is shut down. ", "Finally, prior art methods that endeavor to predict cable wear by measuring resistance do not adequately compensate for temperature fluctuations in the cables being monitored.", "\nU.S. Pat. ", "No. ", "6,777,948 to Dominelli et al. ", "describes a method of detecting wear in components of high voltage electrical equipment by embedding a tracer material that emits electromagnetic radiation into the components at predetermined depths therein. ", "As the components degrade, the tracer material can be detected when it is exposed to an electrical arc. ", "Introducing tracer materials is not practical for many applications and can actually interfere with the operations of many electrical conductors.", "\nU.S. Pat. ", "No. ", "5,015,859 to Wayne H. Uejio describes a method of detecting wear of electrical conductors such as insulated wires by wrapping an optical fiber around the article and measuring the transmission of light through the optical fiber. ", "Increased transmission loss is said to indicate wear of the article. ", "Incorporating optical fibers, which are very fragile, into moving power chains is not feasible for many applications and would be cost prohibitive." ]

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[ "Dezmond Xavier\n\nDeveon Everhart is an American professional wrestler, better known by his ring name Dezmond Xavier. ", "He is currently signed to Impact Wrestling under the ring name Dez. ", "Xavier is well known as a member of 'The Rascalz' with Zachary Wentz and Trey Miguel. ", "He also performs on the independent scene, mostly notably for Pro Wrestling Guerrilla (PWG), where he is currently one-half of the PWG World Tag Team Champions in his first reign with Wentz.", "\n\nProfessional wrestling career\n\nImpact Wrestling (2017–present) \n\nOn April 13, 2017, it was reported that Dezmond Xavier had signed with Impact Wrestling. ", "On the April 20 episode of Impact Wrestling, Xavier made his debut in a six-way match for the Impact X Division Championship, in which he was unsuccessful. ", "In July, Xavier entered the 2017 GFW Super X Cup tournament, defeated Idris Abraham in the quarterfinals, Drago in the semifinals, and Taiji Ishimori in the final to win the 2017 GFW Super X Cup.", "\n\nThrough November 2018, Xavier allinged himself with Trey Miguel and Zachary Wentz, forming a face stable under the name The Rascalz. ", "Xavier teamed with Wentz under the new stable name on the November 29 episode of Impact!, ", "where they defeated the team of Chris Bey and Mike Sydal. ", "The trios had multiple vignettes where they sit in circle as smoke surrounded them, similar to a popular segment from That '70s Show.", "\n\nDragon Gate (2018) \nDragon Gate announced the debut of Xavier and his indy tag team partner Zachary Wentz at Open The New Year Gate, Dragon Gate's first show of 2018. ", "They debuted on 13 January, where Xavier and Wentz, collectively known as Scarlet and Graves, teamed with Susumu Yokosuka in a winning effort against Genki Horiguchi, Flamita and Bandido.", "\n\nLucha Underground (2018) \nOn the July 18, 2018, episode of Lucha Underground he made his debut under the name Dezmond X defeating Paul London for one of the seven ancient Aztec Medallions. ", "The serie was discontinued after season finale, Ultima Lucha Cuatro.", "\n\nChampionships and accomplishments\n All American Wrestling\n AAW Tag Team Championship (1 time) – with Zachary Wentz\n Combat Zone Wrestling\n CZW World Tag Team Championship (2 times) – with Zachary Wentz\nDesastre Total Ultraviolento\nDTU Alto Impacto Championship (1 time, current)\n Impact Wrestling\n Super X Cup (2017)\n Turkey Bowl (2018) – with KM, Alisha Edwards, Kikutaro, Fallah Bahh\n Pro Wrestling Guerrilla\n PWG World Tag Team Championship (1 time, current) – with Zachary Wentz\nPro Wrestling Illustrated\nRanked No. ", "395 of the top 500 singles wrestlers in the PWI 500 in 2018\n WrestleCircus\n WC Sideshow Championship (1 time)\nThe Wrestling Revolver\nPWR Tag Team Championship (1 time, current) – with Zachary Wentz \n Xtreme Intense Championship Wrestling\n XICW Tag Team Championship (1 time) – with Aaron Williams, Dave Crist, Kyle Maverick, Trey Miguel and Zachary Wentz\n\nReferences\n\nExternal links\n\nImpact Wrestling Profile\nInternet Wrestling Database profile\n\nCategory:Living people\nCategory:Sportspeople from Dayton, Ohio\nCategory:American male professional wrestlers\nCategory:African-American male professional wrestlers\nCategory:Professional wrestlers from Ohio\nCategory:Year of birth missing (living people)" ]

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[ "Indications of hormonally active substances in municipal solid waste leachate: mobilization and effect studies from Sweden and Norway.", "\nSeveral species of fish from a freshwater lake downstream a landfill in central Sweden have been found to be exposed to specific endocrine active substances (EAS), possibly able to interact with important functions in the synthesis of steroids and thereby disrupting a normal development of the gonad. ", "A preliminary study of 7 streams and lakes in Norway showed that female perch have a significant reduction in gonad somatic index (GSI) with fish length and weight at one location. ", "This can be an indication of disturbance due to exposure of hormonally active agents over time. ", "Only 2 locations showed significantly difference in GSI and liver somatic index (LSI). ", "Possible explanations can be that the necessary combination between exposure and exposed is exclusive and does not apply in general, or that the effects are masked due to other exposures such as e.g., nutrient, organic or other chemicals, physical or biological loads. ", "The number of sampled locations is, however, too limited to be conclusive. ", "Liver samples are being analyzed for organic pollutants, but these analyses were not ready at the time of publication. ", "A previous study of leachate and sediment samples indicated the presence of several organic pollutants and compounds known to be hormonally active. ", "Investigations of extracts from sediment samples from one of the exposed lake in Sweden showed the presence of both naturally occurring and xenophobic organic compounds. ", "In samples extracted with a base-neutral extraction the compounds 1,1 sulfonyl-bis(4-chlorobenzene) and bis-2-etylhexyl-phtalate were detected. ", "The high lipid affinity of the phtalate correlates with the finding of the compound in the high organic content layer of 20-40 cm in the exposed sediment. ", "Pesticide residues were not found in the samples." ]

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[ "Adenovirus for neurodegenerative diseases: in vivo strategies and ex vivo gene therapy using human neural progenitors.", "\nThe discovery of major neurodegenerative mechanisms has opened the way to the development of novel therapeutic approaches. ", "Gene therapy now enables researchers to overcome certain problems inherent to pharmacotherapy and to the grafting of embryonic cells. ", "The production of recombinant adenoviruses are promising for in vivo gene therapy involving neuroprotective (Ad-SOD), neurotrophic (Ad-NGF) as well as restorative (Ad-TH) strategies. ", "In addition, human neural progenitors offer great potential as vehicles for ex vivo gene therapy to replace degenerated cells in advanced stages of neurodegenerative diseases. ", "This paper describes the clinical values of the new generations of adenoviral vectors." ]

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[ "Understanding Wine: The Un-Knowing (aka the Importance of Blind Tasting)\n\nIf there’s one thing I’m certain of, it’s that I’m an experiential learner. ", "Everything makes more sense when it’s tested, and the more senses I can use, the better. ", "Somewhere between visual and kinesthetic, it seems I have a particular aversion to textbooks and homework. ", "It’s not that I can’t do that stuff, I just feel trapped in someone else’s mind (usually an ageing Edwardian man), and it’s uncomfortable.", "\n\nGoing through school, subjects I was once passionate about became hell; a good example of this is math, or better, science. ", "As a kid, I loved collecting samples, experimenting with the elements, excavating, and playing with light. ", "The funny part is that in high school I nearly failed Geology, dropped out of Biology, argued my way out of Chemistry, but then took AP Physics for which i did extracurricular work and got an A. Why is this? ", "Because through real-life trial and error (using my own body), I could apply theory and test its relevance. ", "This was not only incredibly satisfying, it grounded my understanding of what would have otherwise been very abstract and difficult material.", "\n\nThe same goes for wine. ", "As an infinitely complex subject, it’s easy to get lost in the fluff of overworked, exhausting language, overlapping histories, tasting prerogatives, appellations and vintages. ", "With all the confusion of memorizing this and that, there’s a major gap between reciting the material and KNOWING the wine. ", "Really, don’t forget the basics. ", "Here’s a classic example that gives me anxiety, as quoted from a french wine scholar:\n\n“The textbook indicates that there are 24 Regional AOPs in Bourgogne (plus 44 Communal and 33 Grand Cru for a total of 101). ", "However Appendix A lists only 23, and www.bourgogne-wines.com likewise states that there are 23. ", "What is the missing AOP, or how else does one account for this discrepancy?”", "\n\nWhile the scholar is focused on solving the discrepancy between 23 and 24 Burgundy AOPs, a more fruitful discussion might include questions like: what does it take to be labeled an AOP? ", "Is AOP actually important for distinguishing good wines? ", "What makes good wine? ", "Why? ", "And most importantly, if I was poured a [insert Regional AOP Burgundy] Pinot Noir blind in a glass, would I know? ", "It seems that these questions would facilitate independent thinking on the scholar’s part, perhaps even offering solutions to the discrepancy they describe (or better yet, deeper insights that push the scholar past this question all together).", "\n\nBeing a human is complicated. ", "We are often our own worst enemies, and find ourselves hard to understand or connect to. ", "Especially in our modern world, we are trained to operate externally, objectively, and over time we begin to lose our subjective muscles- our sensory perceptions. ", "When you look down at your hands, what do you see? ", "Do you see your hands, or do you feel them? ", "Do you see yourself feeling your hands? ", "Or, does seeing your hands stimulate your awareness of sense of touch? ", "If you can answer yes to this last question, you are able to connect one sense to another. ", "Bravo!", "\n\nConnecting our senses is a big part of what makes us humans intelligent. ", "The better we are at understanding ourselves through our minds AND bodies, the better we can process insane amounts of information, share it, and have fun doing it. ", "So instead of lugging around a wine encyclopedia, pick up a glass and give it a whirl without even knowing what it is. ", "Challenge yourself, see how many senses you can use to relate (or not) to the wine. ", "What does the smell remind you of? ", "What does it feel like on your tongue? ", "Does it taste weird? ", "How? ", "Most importantly, do you like it? ", "There are no wrong answers here.", "\n\nOf course, reading is awesome and everyone should do it. ", "But in order to really absorb written material, make it come to life for YOU. ", "Start with the subject. ", "Get interested, then do research- not the other way around***. ", "Questions that stem from your own curiosity lead to answers that really stick in your mind and your sensory perceptions. ", "Reading about wine with no objective is like sailing at sea with no compass. ", "You will get lost in the doldrums or sink by iceberg. ", "Like anything, it takes a certain amount of conscious re-training of your brain’s habits, but the results will blow your mind.", "\n\n***BONUS POINTS to teachers and educational programs who choose to adopt this, or already engage their students in this manner." ]

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[ "Alvear (surname)\n\nAlvear is a Spanish surname. ", "Notable people with the surname include:\n\nCecilia Alvear, Ecuadorian-born American television journalist\nSoledad Alvear (born 1950), Chilean lawyer and politician\nYuri Alvear (born 1986), Colombian judoka\n\nSee also\nde Alvear\n\nCategory:Spanish-language surnames" ]

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[ "A new approach to evaluating the well-being of police.", "\nThere is a growing body of evidence that links employee well-being to organizational performance. ", "Although police forces are under increasing pressure to improve efficiency and productivity, the evaluation of well-being in law enforcement is mostly restricted to self-report stress questionnaires that are based on questionable construction methodologies. ", "No instrument to specifically determine the well-being of police force employees currently exists. ", "To construct an instrument that measures the work-related well-being of officers and staff within a police force. ", "The approach is drawn from well-established clinical models used to evaluate the well-being of patients. ", "Potential variables were confirmed using an item selection method known as impact analysis that places keen emphasis on frequency and importance as perceived by the respondents themselves. ", "Analyses of 822 completed response sets showed that nine separate dimensions of police work can adversely affect well-being (advancement, facilities, home work interface, job, physical health, psychological health, relationships, organizational and workload). ", "Overall, officers showed inferior well-being compared with their colleagues. ", "Content validity and adequate internal reliability were confirmed. ", "This study considered a new robust approach to evaluating the well-being of all those working in law enforcement. ", "The nine dimensions extended beyond conventional stress measures and may offer a practical alternative way of assessing the overall well-being status of an entire force using a systematic item selection framework." ]

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[ "All You Need to Know\n\nBrewery: Grimm Artisanal Ales\n\nStyle: Wild Ale\n\nABV: 5.4%\n\nMy Cost: $14\n\nGlassware: Tulip, Flute\n\nTemp: 55°F (start at 45°F)\n\nAvailability: One Off\n\nPurchased@: Hunger N Thirst\n\nQuick Take: Purple Prose is a miss for me. ", "The bitter, mineral seltzer finish just kills any positive vibes and leaves the impression of flavored mineral water. ", "It’s an mf’er of a tart beer, but calling this a sour is overselling it. ", "It’s gassy without the acidity and leaves an unpleasant feeling in the stomach. ", "One of the biggest whiffs in recent memory.", "\n\nBrew Facts: Comprised of a husband and wife team, Grimm is a nomadic brewery, meaning they don’t have a firm brewery location, instead using the facilities of established breweries to produce their beer. ", "Recipes are developed in an apartment kitchen and only single batches are brewed full scale. ", "So, there’s a good chance that Purple Prose will never be brewed again, thus making this review somewhat irrelevant. ", "Wheee!", "\n\nAppearance: For a beer called Purple Prose, I shouldn’t be surprised by the glass of fizzy, violet-tinged cranberry kool aid in front of me, yet I am. ", "Rolling it around in the glass, it moves like liquid jello that hasn’t quite set (I’ve had a blackcurrant wine that moved in the same, unnaturally creepy way). ", "A wedge of white bubbles rings the glass with the slightest pink hue. ", "The liquid underneath is appropriately murky. ", "An aggressive swirl of the tumbler coats the glass in patches of small suds.", "\n\nAroma: A sniff and the jello theme rolls on. ", "The aroma of a freshly torn packet of raspberry mix hides some timid funk just under the surface. ", "It’s pleasant enough, but the pissy blackcurrant smell hangs around to wave a wary red flag that something might be off. ", "My nose finds little beyond the obvious, but the flavor may have more to offer.", "\n\nTaste/Mouth Feel: As I’m want to do, I decided to drink this sour on the warmer side. ", "A mistake I don’t suggest you make. ", "My palate is assaulted with a mineral, very mild sour seltzer front and catty ribes that slink in the background. ", "The finish is dry, off the vine berry that lacks the sweeter, brighter fruitiness this desperately needs. ", "Instead of juicy berry, it settles for a sugar-free candy like sweetness that dries up right before it gets going.", "\n\nIf this were considered a fruit/sour beer, it’s on the blander, earthier side that may please the natural/organic crowd. ", "For me, it’s like a weight watcher’s diet black raspberry soda that’s pushed flavor science to the edge of identifiable by the human tongue and only results in the caloric sum total of an afternoon belch. ", "Any amount of sour is a fading afterthought.", "\n\nWilling to give this a second go, I dropped the temp and tried again. ", "Tangy and tart blackcurrant, like an unrippened berry off the bush, still dominates, but the sour pushes a little more to the forefront. ", "The raspberry barely has a presence, waving its hand wildly in the back of the room like the kid with all the answers. ", "An improvement, but it’s still working with the same flavors and your enjoyment will vary depending on your deeply repressed feelings towards currants. ", "Side note, I also just realized this was brewed on oak. ", "The only reason I came to this realization is because oak is mentioned on the label. ", "Take that for what you will.", "\n\nFinal Thoughts: I’ve had exactly two Grimm beers prior to Purple Prose, Super Symmetry and Double Negative, a tasty gose and imperial stout respectively. ", "I’ve also enjoyed blackcurrant wine in the past, relishing its unique intensity and syrupy sweetness in small doses (an aspect woefully missing from Purple Prose). ", "Even with my history, Purple Prose is a miss for me. ", "The bitter, mineral seltzer finish just kills any positive vibes and leaves the impression of flavored mineral water. ", "It’s an mf’er of a tart beer, but calling this a sour is overselling it. ", "It’s gassy without the acidity and leaves an unpleasant feeling in the stomach.", "\n\nIn a market of increasingly interesting sour and fruit forward beers, the dry, catty qualities just don’t do it for me. ", "For those into these flavors, this is your beer. ", "Buy it, drink it, love it. ", "But if you are going to indulge, chill it to a properly C-O-L-D temp as it is a loose, bland mess warm. ", "For me, one of the biggest whiffs in recent memory.", "\n\nSecond Opinions: I drank this at a local bar and shared it with the bartender and another patron. ", "While they initially had a more positive response than I did, they ultimately gave it a pass on subsequent tastings due to the strong blackcurrant flavors, bland finish, and lack of balancing sweetness.", "\n\nRecommendation: For blackcurrant fans only." ]

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[ "Introduction {#sec1}\n============\n\nMany fundamental cellular activities, including vesicle/organelle trafficking, cell migration, establishment of cell polarity, and cell division, involve the microtubule cytoskeleton ([@ref22]; [@ref4]; [@ref31A]; [@ref29]). ", "Microtubule organization varies in a cell-type and cell-cycle-dependent manner, and is generally dictated by the sites of microtubule growth ([@ref15]; [@ref14]; [@ref19]; [@ref28]). ", "Such microtubule initiating sites are referred to as the microtubule organizing center (MTOC) ([@ref23]; [@ref28]). ", "The centrosome and its equivalents in lower eukaryotic cells (i.e. the spindle pole body, SPB) are conventionally thought of as the main MTOC. ", "However, noncentrosomal/non-SPB MTOCs have been increasingly recognized as key players in microtubule organization ([@ref14]; [@ref19]).", "\n\nIn epithelial cells, MTOCs locate at the apical cortex and generate microtubules running parallel toward the basal cortex ([@ref14]; [@ref19]). ", "Similarly, in plant cells, MTOCs are present at the cell cortex and on pre-existing microtubules to form complex cortical microtubule arrays ([@ref19]). ", "Moreover, MTOCs are present at the Golgi apparatus, assembling microtubules to organize the organelle ([@ref14]; [@ref19]; [@ref29]). ", "In muscle cells, the nuclear envelope (NE) is the main location for generating microtubules ([@ref14]; [@ref19]). ", "This is similar in fission yeast, in which the NE appears to be the main site for interphase microtubule regrowth in cells recovering from cold shock or treatment with the microtubule depolymerizing drug Methyl benzimidazol-2-yl-carbamate (MBC) ([@ref25]; [@ref2]). ", "It has been reported that centrosomal proteins including γ-tubulin undergo redistribution from the centrosome to the NE during the differentiation of myoblasts into myotubes and that Akap450 and its associated protein Nesprin-1a are responsible for tethering microtubule minus ends to the NE in muscle cells ([@ref5]; [@ref9]; [@ref14]). ", "How NE-dependent microtubules are generated in general remains elusive.", "\n\nThe fission yeast *Schizosaccharomyces pombe* is an excellent model organism for the study of microtubules because of the simple organization of microtubule arrays ([@ref10]). ", "Generally, 3--6 microtubule bundles are aligned along the long axis of the interphase cell with the microtubule plus ends pointing toward cell tips and the minus ends apposed to the NE. ", "Microtubules in fission yeast grow from the SPB, multiple MTOCs on pre-existing microtubules, and the NE during interphase while from the SPB and eMTOC (equatorial MTOC localizing around the actomyosin ring) during mitosis ([@ref10]; [@ref23]). ", "It has been noted that interphase microtubules mainly regrow from the NE in fission yeast cells recovering from cold shock or MBC treatment, suggestive of an important role of the NE in microtubule nucleation ([@ref25]; [@ref2]). ", "This feature makes fission yeast a convenient model organism to dissect molecular mechanisms underlying NE-dependent microtubule generation.", "\n\nThe transforming acidic coiled-coil protein (TACC) Alp7 likely contributes to NE-dependent microtubule generation. ", "First, the absence of Alp7 causes detachment of microtubule bundles from the NE ([@ref29]). ", "Second, the absence of Alp7 impairs the NE localization of Alp4, a component of the γ-tubulin ring complex (γ-TuRC), and Mto1, a factor required for activating non-SPB microtubule nucleation ([@ref21]; [@ref29]; [@ref17]; [@ref18]; [@ref13]). ", "Third, Alp7 functions in complex with the TOG (Tumor overexpressed gene) domain-containing protein Alp14 to regulate microtubule dynamics ([@ref20]). ", "Alp14 has been shown to function not only as a microtubule polymerase but also as a key factor in promoting microtubule nucleation ([@ref1]; [@ref7]). ", "How Alp7 coordinates with Alp14 and Mto1 to promote NE-dependent microtubule generation is still unclear.", "\n\nWe employed profusion chambers to examine interphase microtubule regrowth in cells after MBC washout by live-cell microscopy, and showed that efficient interphase microtubule regrowth from the NE requires Alp7, Alp14, and Mto1. ", "We further showed that Alp7 and Mto1 interdependently localize to the NE and that Alp14 localizes to the NE in an Alp7 and Mto1-dependent manner. ", "Thus, this present work demonstrates a synergism of Alp7, Alp14, and Mto1 in promoting NE-dependent microtubule assembly.", "\n\nResults {#sec2}\n=======\n\nMicrotubules regrow mainly from the NE after MBC washout {#sec3}\n--------------------------------------------------------\n\nCold treatment and MBC washout assays have been regularly used to study microtubule nucleation ([@ref25]; [@ref21]; [@ref22]; [@ref31]; [@ref11]; [@ref2]). ", "Both assays show rapid microtubule regrowth from the NE in fission yeast. ", "To understand how microtubule regrowth from the NE is regulated mechanistically, we revisited microtubule assembly dynamics by live-cell microscopy with profusion chambers, in which cells were treated with MBC followed by washout ([Figure 1A](#f1){ref-type=\"fig\"}). ", "Pilot experiments on wild-type (WT) cells expressing Mto1-3GFP (a key factor promoting non-SPB microtubule nucleation) and mCherry-Atb2 (α-tubulin) showed that treating cells with 25 or 50 μg/ml MBC for \\~10 min, a condition used in many previous studies ([@ref25]; [@ref22]; [@ref11]), was not able to depolymerize microtubules completely and left multiple microtubule stubs on the NE. ", "This resistance to microtubule depolymerization was likely contributed by the robust microtubule overlapping structures and/or the SPB ([@ref12]). ", "To examine *de novo* microtubule growth, we sought to depolymerize microtubule completely and thus treated cells with 200 μg/ml MBC for \\~10 min. ", "Such attempt was successful with most of the cells displaying no microtubule or 1 microtubule remnant/stub on the NE, presumably at the SPB ([Figure 1A](#f1){ref-type=\"fig\"}). ", "The MBC-treated cells could recover after washout of the drug as no apparent defects of cell growth and mitosis progression were found ([Supplementary Figure S1B and C](#sup1){ref-type=\"supplementary-material\"}). ", "We then followed the condition to perform all the experiments described below.", "\n\n{ref-type=\"supplementary-material\"} for all plots). ", "Note that cells with microtubules growing only from the NE were used for analysis and that at the second time point (i.e. after 10 sec upon MBC washout) microtubules appeared (see inset graphs; red lines indicate the period of time during which cells did not display microtubules).](mjz038f1){#f1}\n\nMicrotubules regrew rapidly in random directions upon MBC washout ([Figure 1B](#f1){ref-type=\"fig\"}). ", "To follow these rapidly growing microtubules, we acquired stack images, consisting of three planes with 0.5 μm spacing, every 10 sec. ", "As shown in [Figure 1B](#f1){ref-type=\"fig\"}, microtubules grew from the Mto1 foci mainly on the NE and sometimes from the cytoplasm. ", "Indeed, quantification confirmed that 36.4% (*n* = 21) of the cells grew microtubules only from the NE, 0% only from the cytoplasm, and 63.6% both from the NE and from the cytoplasm ([Figure 1C](#f1){ref-type=\"fig\"}). ", "We further quantified, in each cell (*n* = 22), the location of microtubule regrowth, and as shown in the scattering dot plot ([Figure 1D](#f1){ref-type=\"fig\"}), microtubules grew mainly from the NE. ", "To ascertain that newly generated microtubules were from the NE, we examined microtubule regrowth with a strain expressing Mto1-3GFP, mCherry-Atb2, and Cut11-RFP (a transmembrane protein marking the NE; [@ref27]). ", "As shown in [Figure 1E](#f1){ref-type=\"fig\"}, upon MBC washout, microtubules clearly regrew from Mto1-3GFP foci on the NE. ", "Such microtubule regrowth events were very rapid as ≥2 microtubules were clearly visible at the second time point of the imaging (i.e. within 10 sec; [Figure 1F](#f1){ref-type=\"fig\"}; also see [Supplementary Figure S1A](#sup1){ref-type=\"supplementary-material\"}). ", "Hence, we concluded that the NE is the predominant location for microtubule regrowth upon MBC washout.", "\n\nAlp7, but not Alp14, is required for the localization of Mto1 to the NE {#sec4}\n-----------------------------------------------------------------------\n\nAlp7 and Alp14 are involved in promoting microtubule nucleation ([@ref7]). ", "We then assessed if the absence of either Alp7 or Alp14 affects the localization of Mto1, the factor activating microtubule nucleation ([@ref13]), with stack images consisting of 11 planes spaced by 0.5 μm ([Figure 2A](#f2){ref-type=\"fig\"}). ", "In WT cells, microtubule depolymerization led to enrichment of Mto1 on the NE, forming multiple large Mto1 foci. ", "In *alp7Δ* cells, only one resolvable large Mto1 focus appeared on the NE and such focus colocalized with Sid4-tdTomato (SPB marker) at the SPB ([Figure 2C](#f2){ref-type=\"fig\"}). ", "In addition, multiple amorphous structures were present in the cytoplasm in *alp7Δ* cells. ", "Intriguingly, in *alp14Δ* cells, the localization of Mto1 to the NE appeared not to be impaired except that the distribution of Mto1 on the NE became more diffusive. ", "These observations were further confirmed by imaging WT, *alp7Δ*, and *alp14Δ* cells expressing Mto1-3GFP, mCherry-Atb2, and Cut11-RFP or expressing Mto1-3GFP and Sid4-tdTomato ([Figure 2B and C](#f2){ref-type=\"fig\"}). ", "Western blotting analysis of protein expression showed that Mto1-3GFP expressed comparably in WT, *alp7Δ*, and *alp14Δ* cells except that the Mto1-3GFP levels in *alp7Δ* cells were slightly higher ([Figure 2D](#f2){ref-type=\"fig\"}). ", "Nevertheless, such elevated expression did not enhance the localization of Mto1-3GFP to the NE in *alp7Δ* cells. ", "Instead, much less Mto1-3GFP signals were detected on the NE in MBC-treated *alp7Δ* cells ([Figure 2A--C](#f2){ref-type=\"fig\"}). ", "To compare the amount of Mto1 on the NE in a quantitative manner, we measured the average pixel intensity of Mto1 signals on the NE (i.e. integrated fluorescent intensity over area of the NE). ", "As shown in [Figure 2E](#f2){ref-type=\"fig\"}, the absence of Alp7 significantly decreased the average fluorescent intensity of Mto1-3GFP on the NE and the absence of Alp14 only slightly decreased the average fluorescent intensity of Mto1-3GFP on the NE, suggesting that Mto1 mainly depends on Alp7, but not Alp14, for localizing to the NE ([Figure 2E](#f2){ref-type=\"fig\"}). ", "Consistent with the quantification, line-scan intensity measurements of Mto1-3GFP around the NE confirmed that Alp7 plays a major role in localizing Mto1-3GFP to the NE in MBC-treated cells as very few Mto1-3GFP signals were detected around the NE except at the SPB in *alp7Δ* cells ([Figure 2F](#f2){ref-type=\"fig\"}). ", "Mto1 was likely recruited by Alp7 to the NE because co-immunoprecipitation (co-IP) experiments showed that Alp7-3GFP was able to precipitate with Mto1-13Myc ([Figure 2G](#f2){ref-type=\"fig\"}) and pull-down experiments confirmed that the interaction between MBP-Alp7 and Mto1-3GFP was positive ([Figure 2H](#f2){ref-type=\"fig\"}). ", "Together, these results suggested that Alp7, but not Alp14, is required for the redistribution of Mto1 to the NE upon microtubule depolymerization by drug treatment.", "\n\n{#f2}\n\nAlp7, but not Alp14, is required for microtubule regrowth from the NE in cells recovering from MBC treatment {#sec5}\n------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------\n\nNext, we performed MBC washout assays to examine microtubule regrowth in *alp7Δ* and *alp14Δ* cells. ", "As shown in [Figure 3A and B](#f3){ref-type=\"fig\"}, microtubules were able to regrow from the NE and the cytoplasm in both types of cells after MBC washout. ", "Despite the capability of generating new microtubules, *alp14Δ* cells had microtubules growing mainly from the NE, but the microtubules appeared to be defective in elongation ([Figure 3B](#f3){ref-type=\"fig\"}), which is consistent with the role of Alp14 as a microtubule polymerase ([@ref1]). ", "In contrast, in *alp7Δ* cells, microtubules appeared to elongate normally but more *alp7Δ* cells displayed microtubules growing from the cytoplasm. ", "Quantification of the location of microtubule growth confirmed that 17.4% of *alp7Δ* cells grew microtubules only from the cytoplasm, compared with 5.6% of *alp14Δ* cells and 0% of WT ([Figure 3C](#f3){ref-type=\"fig\"}). ", "These results suggested that Alp7 is indeed required for microtubules to grow from the NE.", "\n\n{ref-type=\"fig\"}. ", "Note that the percentage of cells with microtubules growing only from the cytoplasm and only from the NE increased significantly in *alp7Δ* and *alp14Δ* cells, respectively. (**", "D**) Quantification of the appearance time of the first microtubule in WT, *alp7Δ*, and *alp14Δ* cells upon MBC washout. *", "n* indicates cell number. ", "Note that cells with microtubules growing only from the NE were used for analysis. (**", "E** and **F**) Representative step plots of microtubule number against time after MBC washout for *alp7Δ* (**E**) and *alp14Δ* (**F**) cells (also see [Supplementary Figures S2 and S3](#sup1){ref-type=\"supplementary-material\"} for all plots). ", "Note that cells with microtubules growing only from the NE were used for analysis and that red lines indicate the period of time during which cells did not display microtubules.](mjz038f3){#f3}\n\nDespite the differential roles in regulating microtubule regrowth after MBC washout, both Alp7 and Alp14 appeared to be required for efficient microtubule regrowth as the absence of either Alp7 or Alp14 caused a delay in generating the first visible microtubule on the NE ([Figure 3D--F](#f3){ref-type=\"fig\"}). ", "We then monitored the number of microtubules on the NE in *alp7Δ* and *alp14Δ* cells by live-cell microscopy for 400 sec after MBC washout ([Figure 3E and F](#f3){ref-type=\"fig\"}). ", "As shown in the step plots ([Figure 3E](#f3){ref-type=\"fig\"}; also see [Supplementary Figure S2](#sup1){ref-type=\"supplementary-material\"}), the number of microtubules on the NE in most of the *alp7Δ* cells increased slowly over time but rarely exceeded 2. ", "Interestingly, the number of microtubules on the NE in *alp14Δ* cells increased over time but fluctuated significantly during the observation period, indicative of instability of the newly generated microtubules ([Figure 3F](#f3){ref-type=\"fig\"}; also see [Supplementary Figure S3](#sup1){ref-type=\"supplementary-material\"}). ", "Nonetheless, more microtubules regrew from the NE in *alp14Δ* cells than *alp7Δ* cells. ", "This correlates well with the finding that the absence of Alp7, but not Alp14, impaired the localization of Mto1 to the NE ([Figure 2A](#f2){ref-type=\"fig\"}). ", "Taken together, we concluded that microtubule regrowth from the NE upon MBC washout mainly depends on Alp7, but not Alp14.", "\n\nAlp7 is required for the localization of Alp14 to the NE, but not *vice versa* {#sec6}\n------------------------------------------------------------------------------\n\nWe then examined how microtubule depolymerization alters the localization of Alp7 and Alp14. ", "Similar to Mto1, MBC treatment caused a great enrichment of both Alp7-3GFP and Alp14-GFP on the NE ([Figure 4A and B](#f4){ref-type=\"fig\"}). ", "Interestingly, after MBC treatment, Alp7 remained at the NE in *alp14Δ* cells whereas Alp14 did not decorate the NE anymore in *alp7Δ* cells ([Figure 4A and B](#f4){ref-type=\"fig\"}). ", "In addition, line-scan fluorescent intensity analysis of the signals of mCherry-Atb2 and either Alp7-3GFP or Alp14-GFP along the long axis of cells further showed that Alp7 signals on the NE were reduced in the absence of Alp14 and that Alp14 localization on the NE was abolished in *alp7Δ* cells ([Figure 4C and D](#f4){ref-type=\"fig\"}). ", "These data suggested that Alp7 dictates the localization of Alp14 to the NE but Alp14 plays a minor role in determining the localization of Alp7 to the NE. ", "The Alp7 foci on the NE appeared to be the main sites responsible for microtubule regrowth as microtubules generally grew from the Alp7 foci regardless of the presence of Alp14 ([Figure 4E](#f4){ref-type=\"fig\"}). ", "Hence, Alp14 requires Alp7 for localizing to the NE but not *vice versa*.", "\n\n{#f4}\n\nTethering Mto1 to the NE enhances microtubule regrowth in alp7*Δ* cells {#sec7}\n-----------------------------------------------------------------------\n\nAlp7 is required for the localization of both Mto1 and Alp14 to the NE ([Figures 2](#f2){ref-type=\"fig\"} and [4](#f4){ref-type=\"fig\"}) and for microtubule regrowth from the NE ([Figure 3C--E](#f3){ref-type=\"fig\"}). ", "In addition, it has been shown that Mto1 is an essential factor in activating non-SPB microtubule nucleation ([@ref13]). ", "Therefore, we reasoned that restoring the localization of Mto1 to the NE in *alp7Δ* cells could rescue the defective microtubule phenotype. ", "We employed the GBP (GFP binding protein)-GFP targeting system ([@ref16]; [@ref6]). ", "As shown in [Figure 5A](#f5){ref-type=\"fig\"} and [Supplementary Figure S4A](#sup1){ref-type=\"supplementary-material\"}, expression of Nup45-GBP-mCherry (a component of the nuclear pore complex) enhanced the localization of Mto1-3GFP to the NE in *alp7Δ* cells. ", "The enhancement was more apparent after MBC treatment ([Figure 5B](#f5){ref-type=\"fig\"} and [Supplementary Figure S4B](#sup1){ref-type=\"supplementary-material\"}), which was confirmed by quantification of Mto1 foci on the NE ([Figure 5C](#f5){ref-type=\"fig\"}). ", "The restored localization of Mto1 enhanced microtubule regrowth from the NE ([Figure 5E](#f5){ref-type=\"fig\"}) and microtubule regrowth became more efficient ([Figure 5F and G](#f5){ref-type=\"fig\"}, compared with the data in [Figure 3C--F](#f3){ref-type=\"fig\"}; also see [Supplementary Figure S5](#sup1){ref-type=\"supplementary-material\"}). ", "As a result, microtubule number increased significantly in the cells expressing Nup45-GBP-mCherry ([Figure 5D](#f5){ref-type=\"fig\"}). ", "These results suggest that proper localization of Mto1 to the NE is a key factor in regulating microtubule organization.", "\n\n{ref-type=\"fig\"}). ", "NE, regrowth only from the NE; Cytoplasm, regrowth only from the cytoplasm; Cytoplasm and NE, regrowth both from the cytoplasm and from the NE. *", "n* indicates cell number. (**", "F**) Quantification of the appearance time of the first microtubule in *alp7Δ* Nup45-GBP-mCherry cells upon MBC washout (for comparison, also see [Figure 3D](#f3){ref-type=\"fig\"}). *", "n* indicates cell number. ", "Note that cells with microtubules growing only from the NE were used for analysis. (**", "G**) Step plot of microtubule number against time after MBC washout for *alp7Δ* Nup45-GBP-mCherry cells (for comparison, see [Figure 3E](#f3){ref-type=\"fig\"}; also see [Supplementary Figure S5](#sup1){ref-type=\"supplementary-material\"} for all plots)*.* ", "Note that cells with microtubules growing only from the NE were used for analysis and that red lines indicate the period of time during which cells did not display microtubules.](mjz038f5){#f5}\n\nThe localization of Alp7 and Alp14 to the NE depends on Mto1 {#sec8}\n------------------------------------------------------------\n\nWe further tested if Mto1 is required for the localization of Alp7 and Alp14 to the NE in MBC-treated cells. ", "As shown in [Figure 6A and B](#f6){ref-type=\"fig\"}, the localization of Alp7 and Alp14 to the NE were abolished in MBC-treated *mto1Δ* cells. ", "Such effect was also apparent in *mto1Δ* cells without MBC treatment ([Figure 6C and D](#f6){ref-type=\"fig\"}). ", "It is most likely that in MBC-treated cells, Mto1 and Alp7 localize to the NE interdependently and that Alp14 depends both on Mto1 and on Alp7 for localizing to the NE. ", "As a result, the absence of Alp7 and Alp14 on the NE in *mto1Δ* cells abolished microtubule regrowth from the NE because most of the *mto1Δ* cells failed to regrow microtubules or regrew only one very short microtubule from the NE (presumably from the SPB) after MBC washout ([Figure 6E](#f6){ref-type=\"fig\"}). ", "The microtubule regrowth from the SPB in *mto1Δ* cells could be due to the presence of Alp4, a component of the γ-tubulin small complex responsible for microtubule nucleation, at the SPB as the localization of Alp4 to the SPB has been shown to be independent of Mto1 ([@ref21]; [@ref30]).", "\n\n{#f6}\n\nDiscussion {#sec9}\n==========\n\nIn this study, we demonstrate that Alp7 and Alp14 synergize to promote microtubule regrowth from the NE in cells recovering from MBC treatment. ", "Alp7 and Mto1 likely work in concert to initiate microtubule regrowth from the NE while Alp14 functions to promote further elongation of the NE-associated microtubules ([Figure 6F](#f6){ref-type=\"fig\"}). ", "We further demonstrate that Alp7 and Mto1 interdependently localize to the NE ([Figures 2A--C](#f2){ref-type=\"fig\"}, [6A and C](#f6){ref-type=\"fig\"}) and that Alp14 depends both on Alp7 and on Mto1 for localizing to the NE ([Figures 4B and D](#f4){ref-type=\"fig\"}, [6B and D](#f6){ref-type=\"fig\"}).", "\n\nOur results underscored the critical role of Alp7 in assembling microtubules on the NE, and Alp7 may do so by accumulating Mto1 and Alp14 to the NE where Mto1 functions to activate microtubule nucleation and Alp14 promotes microtubule elongation. ", "This is supported by our findings that the absence of Alp7 abolishes the NE localization of Alp14 while significantly impairs the NE localization of Mto1 ([Figures 2A--C and E](#f2){ref-type=\"fig\"}, [4B and D](#f4){ref-type=\"fig\"}), which is consistent with the previous publications ([@ref29]; [@ref7]). ", "We further noted that particularly in *alp7Δ* cells, Mto1 emerged in the cytoplasm and displayed as many amorphous structures ([Figure 2](#f2){ref-type=\"fig\"}). ", "This redistribution of Mto1 to the cytoplasm in *alp7Δ* cells is likely the cause of the increased percentage of microtubule regrowth from the cytoplasm ([Figure 3A and C](#f3){ref-type=\"fig\"}). ", "Recently, it was reported that the exportin Crm1 recruits Mto1 to the nuclear pore complex on the NE to promote NE-associated microtubule growth ([@ref4]). ", "In addition, this work showed that Alp7 is not required for the NE localization of Mto1(9A1-NE), an Mto1 mutant localizing specifically to the NE and lacking the C-terminus of Mto1 (amino acids 550--1115; additional nine amino acids in the CM1 domain are mutated to Alanine). ", "This does not necessarily contradict our conclusion because we examined endogenous NE-associated Mto1 whereas the indicated study examined the truncated Mto1 mutant, Mto1(9A1-NE), that specifically localizes to the NE. ", "Rather, the two studies together suggest a possibility that Crm1 and Alp7 may interact with different regions of Mto1 and both interactions are required for localizing Mto1 to the NE. ", "Indeed, our co-IP assay showed that Alp7-3GFP precipitates with Mto1-13Myc ([Figure 2G](#f2){ref-type=\"fig\"}).", "\n\nThis present work showed that Mto1 is also required for localizing Alp7 to the NE ([Figure 6A](#f6){ref-type=\"fig\"}). ", "Therefore, it is conceivable that Alp7 and Mto1 form a complex to allow for efficient localization of the complex to the NE. ", "Such Alp7-Mto1 complex on the NE should possess a very strong activity in microtubule nucleation because Mto1 has been shown to be required for *de novo* non-SPB microtubule assembly and Alp7 has been shown to recruit Alp14 to nucleation sites for promoting microtubule assembly ([@ref21]; [@ref18]; [@ref13]; [@ref7]).", "\n\nInterestingly, despite the important role of Alp14 in promoting microtubule nucleation ([@ref7]), *alp14Δ* cells are still able to grow very short microtubules from the NE, indicative of defective microtubule elongation ([Figures 3B and](#f3){ref-type=\"fig\"}[4E](#f4){ref-type=\"fig\"}). ", "This finding suggests that Alp14 may not be required for *de novo* microtubule regrowth from the NE, at least in cells recovering from MBC treatment, but instead support the claim that Alp14 is a microtubule polymerase ([@ref1]). ", "The ability in generating microtubules from the NE in *alp14Δ* cells may be due to the presence of Alp7 and Mto1 on the NE ([Figures 2A--C](#f2){ref-type=\"fig\"} and [4A](#f4){ref-type=\"fig\"}). ", "Nevertheless, this does not exclude the possibility that Alp14 plays a critical role in microtubule nucleation since the appearance of the first microtubule on the NE in *alp7Δ* and *alp14Δ* cells recovering from MBC treatment is significantly delayed ([Figure 3D](#f3){ref-type=\"fig\"}).", "\n\nIn unperturbed cells, it is generally difficult to detect NE-associated microtubule growth. ", "Alp7 and Alp14 mainly localize along pre-existing microtubules as foci ([Figure 6C and D](#f6){ref-type=\"fig\"}), and the same is true for Mto1 as reported previously ([@ref21]; [@ref24]). ", "Such localization preference may enable microtubules to be generated mainly on pre-existing microtubules in unperturbed cells. ", "It is conceivable that microtubule generation from the NE may serve as a backup fast-acting mechanism to restore microtubule arrays in response to unfavorable environmental conditions such as cold treatment.", "\n\nIn conclusion, microtubule generation from the NE requires concerted efforts of the evolutionarily conserved proteins Alp7/TACC, Alp14/TOG/XMAP215, and Mto1/CDK5RAP2. ", "Given the conservative nature of the involved proteins, the proposed working model may be conserved through evolution. ", "This awaits further investigation.", "\n\nMaterials and methods {#sec10}\n=====================\n\nPlasmids and yeast strains {#sec11}\n--------------------------\n\nPlasmids were constructed by homologous recombination method using ClonExpress II One Step Cloning kits ([www.vazyme.com](http://www.vazyme.com)), and yeast strains were created either by random spore digestion or tetra-dissection analysis ([@ref8]). ", "Gene deletion and tagging were achieved using the PCR-based homologous recombination method ([@ref3]). ", "The plasmids and strains used in this study are included in the [Supplementary Tables S1 and S2](#sup1){ref-type=\"supplementary-material\"}, respectively.", "\n\nBiochemistry {#sec12}\n------------\n\nYeast cells at the exponential phase, cultured in 1 L YE5S (YE medium supplemented with the five supplements: Adenine, Uracil, Leucine, Histidine, and Lysine, 0.225 g/L each), were harvested for the co-IP assay. ", "Cell lysates were prepared by liquid nitrogen grinding with the mortar grinder RM 200 ([www.retsch.com](http://www.retsch.com)), and were then suspended in Tris-buffered saline (TBS) plus 0.1% Triton X-100 and protease inhibitor cocktail ([www.biovision.com](http://www.biovision.com)) at 4°C for 0.5 h. Supernatants were collected after centrifugation at 12 000 rpm for 20 min and incubated with Dynabeads Protein G beads ([www.thermofisher.com](http://www.thermofisher.com)) coupled with an anti-GFP antibody ([www.rockland-inc.com](http://www.rockland-inc.com)) at 4°C for 2 h. After incubation, Dynabeads were washed with the buffer TBS + 0.1% Triton X-100 for three times and then with the TBS buffer for one time. ", "Finally, co-IP samples were analyzed by SDS-PAGE and western blotting with antibodies against GFP and Myc ([www.rockland-inc.com](http://www.rockland-inc.com)). ", "For pull-down assays, recombinant proteins MBP-Alp7 and MBP were expressed in *E.coli* and were purified with amylose resins ([www.neb.com](http://www.neb.com)). ", "The purified recombinant proteins on the resins were then incubated with cell lysates (prepared as indicated above) containing Mto1-3GFP in TBS plus 0.1% Triton X-100 and protease inhibitor cocktail for 1 h. After the incubation, the resins were washed with buffer TBS+ 0.1% Triton X-100 for five times and TBS buffer for one time. ", "SDS-PAGE and western blotting were then performed to analyze the pull-down protein samples with an antibody against GFP. ", "For testing protein expression, cells were broken using glass beads and cell lysates were analyzed by western blotting with antibodies against GFP and tubulin ([www.enogene.com](http://www.enogene.com)).", "\n\nProfusion chamber experiments {#sec13}\n-----------------------------\n\nProfusion chambers were prepared with double-sticky tape and poly-L-lysine (5 mg/ml) coated coverslips, as described previously ([@ref25]). ", "Cells were flowed into an upside-down chamber, followed by 10 min incubation at room temperature to allow attachment of cells to coverslips. ", "Medium replacement was performed by adding medium from one side and absorbing from the other with tissue papers. ", "EMM Medium containing the five supplements and 200 μg/ml MBC was used to depolymerize microtubules. ", "To allow microtubule regrowth, MBC-free EMM medium was used.", "\n\nMicroscopy and data analysis {#sec14}\n----------------------------\n\nA PerkinElmer UltraVIEW Vox spinning-disk microscope equipped with a Hamamatsu C9100-23B EMCCD camera and a CFI Apochromat TIRF 100× objective (NA = 1.49) was used for all microscopy experiments. ", "Briefly, cells at the exponential phase were collected and imaged on EMM (with the five supplements) agarose pad slides, as described previously ([@ref26]). ", "For maximum projection imaging, stack images containing 11 planes spaced by 0.5 μm were acquired; for time-lapse imaging, stack images containing three planes spaced by 0.5 μm were acquired every 10 sec. ", "MetaMorph 7.7 ([www.moleculardevices.com](http://www.moleculardevices.com)) and Image J 1.5 ([imagej.nih.gov](http://imagej.nih.gov)) softwares were used to analyze the imaging data. ", "Plot and step graphs were created using KaleidaGraph 4.5 ([www.synergy.com](http://www.synergy.com)), and statistical analysis was performed with Microsoft Excel.", "\n\nSupplementary Material\n======================\n\n###### \n\nClick here for additional data file.", "\n\nWe thank Drs Quanwen Jin (Xiamen University), Phong Tran (UPENN), Fred Chang (UCSF), and Snezhana Oliferenko (KCL) and the Yeast Genetic Resource Center Japan for providing yeast strains and plasmids.", "\n\nFunding {#sec16}\n=======\n\nThis work is supported by grants from the National Key Research and Development Program of China (2017YFA0503600), the National Natural Science Foundation of China (91754106, 31871350, 31671406, 31601095, and 31621002), the Strategic Priority Research Program of the Chinese Academy of Sciences (XDB19040101), the Major/Innovative Program of Development Foundation of Hefei Center for Physical Science and Technology (2017FXCX008), and China's 1000 Young Talents Recruitment Program.", "\n\n**Conflict of interest:** none declared.", "\n" ]

{ "pile_set_name": "PubMed Central" }

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[ "Who Are Indigenous Peoples\n\nAccording to the United Nations, there are approximately 400 million Indigenous people worldwide, making up more than 5,000 distinct tribes. ", "Together we are one of the largest minority groups in the world, spanning over 90 countries. ", "While Indigenous Peoples total only about 6% of the world’s population, we represent 90% of the cultural diversity.", "\n\nINDIGENOUS PEOPLES HOLD 20% OF THE EARTH’S LAND MASS. ", "THAT LAND HARBORS 80% OF THE WORLD’S REMAINING BIODIVERSITY.", "\n\nDEFINING INDIGENOUS PEOPLES\nThere is no rigid definition of what makes a group Indigenous, but the United Nations and the International Labour Organization have outlined a few characteristics that usually define an Indigenous group:\n\n● We are descended from the pre-colonial/pre-invasion inhabitants of our region.", "\n● We maintain a close tie to our land in both our cultural and economic practices.", "\n● We suffer from economic and political marginalization as a minority group.", "\n● A group is considered Indigenous if it defines itself that way.", "\n\nEach Indigenous group is unique. ", "We speak thousands of different languages, and our traditions are as diverse as our lands. ", "However, there are basic principles that all Indigenous communities share. ", "These principles are the foundation of all Indigenous practices, and it is because of them that our economies and our societies are equitable, balanced, and sustainable.", "\n\nGiven that Indigenous lands contain so much of the world’s natural assets, why are we not the wealthiest, healthiest people on Earth?", "\nThe answer is clear: we are not simply losing control of our assets, our assets are being stripped from us. ", "At the same time, we are systematically denied access to the legal and political tools to secure our rights. ", "This is the single most unifying issue for all Indigenous Peoples. ", "Regardless of where we live, Indigenous Peoples are suffering from eviction, violence, exclusion, discrimination and disenfranchisement, leading to poverty, health issues, and the destruction of our cultures. ", "Perhaps most detrimental is the widespread perception that we lack the capacity to take care of ourselves. ", "We have been prosperous for the vast majority of our history, and the loss of that prosperity is the only possible result of being completely stripped of our resources and our rights. ", "The same would become of any civilization on Earth if it were to experience the same asset-stripping.", "\n\nThe perception that Indigenous Peoples lack capacity not only leads to further marginalization, it prevents us from working effectively with non-Indigenous partners, and from acquiring the capital to create change for our communities.", "\n\nThe idea that Indigenous Peoples lack capacity is a myth. ", "Our traditional knowledge and the strength of our social and economic systems have sustained our existence for thousands of years. ", "We are adaptable and powerful, while remaining dedicated to preserving the whole of life on this planet for generations to come. ", "And now, despite oppression, extreme poverty and exclusion from world development, we have begun to build the world’s first global human rights movement.", "\n\nThe tectonic plates of the global economy have begun to shift toward recognizing the rights of Indigenous Peoples. ", "In 2007, the universal Declaration of the Rights of Indigenous Peoples was adopted by the General Assembly of the United Nations. ", "That same year the shareholders of Newmont Mining voted overwhelmingly to include the interests of Indigenous Peoples in their company’s policies, an unprecedented victory for Indigenous rights. ", "Behind these changes is the largest civil rights movement the world has ever seen, and it’s gaining momentum. ", "Click here to learn about the Global Movement to protect Indigenous communities and their assets." ]

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[ "Q:\n\nCreate two debian packages with intersecting files\n\nI'm trying to create two binary debian packages with dpkg-deb utility. ", "The feature is that part of the files has the same name and path. ", "So when I install one package after another I get error:\nfile of package A conflicts with file in package B.\nCan you advice solution for this?", "\n\nA:\n\nGoing by your comment, both packages need the same files for themselves (as opposed to providing variants of the same file, for example).", "\nThe solution for that is to simply split out the common files into a third package and have the other two packages both depend on it. ", "This is a pretty common case in Debian, most packages with a name ending in \"-common\" contain files shared by a family of packages.", "\n\n" ]

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[ "Gridrunner is the latest entry in Llamasoft’s Minotaur Project, though this one doesn’t really involve much in the way of minotaurs or ungulates of any sort. ", "No, this is an iOS version of Jeff Minter’s Gridrunner franchise that has spanned the days of the Commodore 64, to appearing on PC in remake form.", "\n\nThe iOS version is essentially a hybrid between Centipede and a Galaga-esque game. ", "Segmented enemies come downward on the board, traveling across the board horizontally before dropping down a level when they hit a wall or obstacle. ", "Each enemy that is killed drops one of those obstacles, that if not destroyed turns into a bomb that falls to the bottom of the stage. ", "Meanwhile, there are indestructible ships on each axis that fire at the player, making for many hazards that the player has to deal with. ", "The Galaga influence is more audiovisual than in gameplay, necessarily.", "\n\nOn iOS, few developers have quite the voice in their games that Jeff Minter has put into games like Gridrunner. ", "There’s a very consistent style, of retro graphics with psychedelic effects and occasionally-absurd sound effects. ", "It’s all here, even if this might be one of the more ‘normal’ titles in the Minotaur Project so far. ", "It’s familiar, but it’s definitely fun. ", "The game also comes with a couple of neat easter eggs: classic versions of Gridrunner, based off of the Commodore 64 and Vic-20 versions. ", "They are available by tilting to each landscape orientation. ", "Seriously.", "\n\nThe controls are my only real issue with the game. ", "The touch controls are confounding, and the movement of the ship feels odd initially, particularly in the way that the ship slides around. ", "This is because the ship is controlled through an invisible dynamic joystick, the center point being whereever the player’s finger is put down. ", "It’s analog as well, so the more the finger slides, the further the player’s ship moves. ", "It definitely requires some acclimation. ", "Playing on the iPhone/iPod is more challenging due to the fact that more of the screen will be blocked. ", "The game is perfect with iCade though, and it feels like a real arcade game.", "\n\nGridrunner, much like the rest of Jeff Minter’s games on iOS, is a must-buy. ", "He’s actually one of the few developers that I would buy a game from as soon as I found out it was available, and I’ll keep up with this.", "\n\nReview disclosure: note that the product reviewed on this page may have been provided to us by the developer for the purposes of this review. ", "Note that if the developer provides the product or not, this does not impact the review or score." ]

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[ "package com.commit451.gitlab.api\n\nimport com.commit451.gitlab.util.", "LinkHeaderParser\n\ndata class BodyWithPagination<T>(\n val body: T,\n val paginationData: LinkHeaderParser.", "PaginationData\n)\n" ]

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[ "If memory serves correct, I first read about using glycerin in Joel Friels book, but my memory is... ...what were we talking about?", "\n\nIt basically makes you retain water, so that you are \"superhydrated\" for an effort in hotter conditions. ", "Hammer adds a raspberry flavor as well as L-carnitine (sp) for whatever reason you could find on their website/literature.", "\n\nI am preloading it for the KTR, just to see what the effects are. ", "The taste is minimal, so that is a non-factor. ", "I will not use it during the race, just to pre-hydrate. ", "You use 1 tbsp per 100lbs body weight three times per day for three days prior to the event. ", "Testimonials have indicated that they used it during an event, but that is not how it is advised per the instructions.", "\n\nI have not done the KTR before, so I will not be able to compare. ", "I may come back to comment on my findings, should I not want to hide with my tail between my legs for not having finished...\n\nI've used it a couple of times and I'm not really sure it was doing anything but it wasn't very hot and I wasn't sweating much anyway. ", "I'm going to continue to use it as it gets hotter here in Virginia to see if it works.", "\n\nWell I managed to make it, so I guess I will offer something. ", "That something is that I don't know if it worked, but hydration was never an issue. ", "The direction this year was such that you could get in trouble with water, but much less so than my understanding and deductive reasoning about last year's direction. ", "I was able to get to the 1/2 way point using 5 liters of hydration bladder and a bottle of perpetium. ", "The perpetium was so concentrated that I doubt there was more than 8oz in there. ", "I had fluid at the halfway point before filling from the Colorado at Dewey. ", "Since the start was at night, I can only say that I was never at a deficit. ", "I probably maintained the superhydrated state or close to it up to that point. ", "The second half was hot, but much of it was in the lasalle mtns, so cooler than in the middle of the desert. ", "I used 6 liters plus 1x perpetium mix (all I could carry), and aprox another 2 liters plus perpetium in the second half. ", "I was never at a deficit for water. ", "Even with one 1/2 hour wait with no water for the iodine to do its job.", "\n\nSo for an 18+ hour effort, approx 13 liters 24oz of water. ", "About 24oz per hour for a 135lb rider in the desert. ", "Not sure if that is good or not.", "\n\nA real test would be the other direction, as the heat of the day and relative altitude/water availability play a bigger role.", "\n\nSorry for a lot of information and no real summary. ", "I haven't absorbed the whole thing yet. ", "Somebody on here can make heads and tails of this I would bet...\n\nBased on the research, I would expect it to work but only be useful for long events - KTR is perfect. ", "Due to increased water storage and hence weight, performance would take a hit for shoter events. ", "But for long, hot ones it should work well." ]

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[ "Q:\n\nCounting number of elements to be sorted in insertion sort algorithm\n\nI think the title is self-explanatory. ", "I am trying to write a program that could count how many swaps are needed to sort a list using insertion sort. ", "This is what I have done:\ncounts = []\nfor _ in range(int(input())):\n size = int(input())\n ar = list(map(int, input().split()))\n count = 0\n for i in range(1, len(ar)):\n for j in range(i, 0, -1):\n if ar[j] > ar[i]: count +=1\n counts.append(count)\nprint(*counts)\n\nBut the problem is that it's not working. ", "\nFor list {1 1 1 2 2} I get 0 which is correct but, \nfor list {2 1 3 1 2} I get 2 which is not correct the answer is 4. ", "\nCan I know why isn't it working? ", "Thanks.", "\n\nA:\n\nIt's all couse of for j in range(i, 0, -1):. ", "In range right bound is not included, so you should:\nfor j in range(i-1, -1, -1):\n\n" ]

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[ "'use strict';\n\nmodule.exports = function(Chart) {\n\n\tvar helpers = Chart.helpers;\n\n\t/**\n \t * Helper method to merge the opacity into a color\n \t */\n\tfunction mergeOpacity(colorString, opacity) {\n\t\tvar color = helpers.color(colorString);\n\t\treturn color.alpha(opacity * color.alpha()).rgbaString();\n\t}\n\n\tChart.defaults.global.tooltips = {\n\t\tenabled: true,\n\t\tcustom: null,\n\t\tmode: 'nearest',\n\t\tposition: 'average',\n\t\tintersect: true,\n\t\tbackgroundColor: 'rgba(0,0,0,0.8)',\n\t\ttitleFontStyle: 'bold',\n\t\ttitleSpacing: 2,\n\t\ttitleMarginBottom: 6,\n\t\ttitleFontColor: '#fff',\n\t\ttitleAlign: 'left',\n\t\tbodySpacing: 2,\n\t\tbodyFontColor: '#fff',\n\t\tbodyAlign: 'left',\n\t\tfooterFontStyle: 'bold',\n\t\tfooterSpacing: 2,\n\t\tfooterMarginTop: 6,\n\t\tfooterFontColor: '#fff',\n\t\tfooterAlign: 'left',\n\t\tyPadding: 6,\n\t\txPadding: 6,\n\t\tcaretPadding: 2,\n\t\tcaretSize: 5,\n\t\tcornerRadius: 6,\n\t\tmultiKeyBackground: '#fff',\n\t\tdisplayColors: true,\n\t\tborderColor: 'rgba(0,0,0,0)',\n\t\tborderWidth: 0,\n\t\tcallbacks: {\n\t\t\t// Args are: (tooltipItems, data)\n\t\t\tbeforeTitle: helpers.noop,\n\t\t\ttitle: function(tooltipItems, data) {\n\t\t\t\t// Pick first xLabel for now\n\t\t\t\tvar title = '';\n\t\t\t\tvar labels = data.labels;\n\t\t\t\tvar labelCount = labels ? ", "labels.length : 0;\n\n\t\t\t\tif (tooltipItems.length > 0) {\n\t\t\t\t\tvar item = tooltipItems[0];\n\n\t\t\t\t\tif (item.xLabel) {\n\t\t\t\t\t\ttitle = item.xLabel;\n\t\t\t\t\t} else if (labelCount > 0 && item.index < labelCount) {\n\t\t\t\t\t\ttitle = labels[item.index];\n\t\t\t\t\t}\n\t\t\t\t}\n\n\t\t\t\treturn title;\n\t\t\t},\n\t\t\tafterTitle: helpers.noop,\n\n\t\t\t// Args are: (tooltipItems, data)\n\t\t\tbeforeBody: helpers.noop,\n\n\t\t\t// Args are: (tooltipItem, data)\n\t\t\tbeforeLabel: helpers.noop,\n\t\t\tlabel: function(tooltipItem, data) {\n\t\t\t\tvar label = data.datasets[tooltipItem.datasetIndex].label || '';\n\n\t\t\t\tif (label) {\n\t\t\t\t\tlabel += ': ';\n\t\t\t\t}\n\t\t\t\tlabel += tooltipItem.yLabel;\n\t\t\t\treturn label;\n\t\t\t},\n\t\t\tlabelColor: function(tooltipItem, chart) {\n\t\t\t\tvar meta = chart.getDatasetMeta(tooltipItem.datasetIndex);\n\t\t\t\tvar activeElement = meta.data[tooltipItem.index];\n\t\t\t\tvar view = activeElement._view;\n\t\t\t\treturn {\n\t\t\t\t\tborderColor: view.borderColor,\n\t\t\t\t\tbackgroundColor: view.backgroundColor\n\t\t\t\t};\n\t\t\t},\n\t\t\tafterLabel: helpers.noop,\n\n\t\t\t// Args are: (tooltipItems, data)\n\t\t\tafterBody: helpers.noop,\n\n\t\t\t// Args are: (tooltipItems, data)\n\t\t\tbeforeFooter: helpers.noop,\n\t\t\tfooter: helpers.noop,\n\t\t\tafterFooter: helpers.noop\n\t\t}\n\t};\n\n\t// Helper to push or concat based on if the 2nd parameter is an array or not\n\tfunction pushOrConcat(base, toPush) {\n\t\tif (toPush) {\n\t\t\tif (helpers.isArray(toPush)) {\n\t\t\t\t// base = base.concat(toPush);\n\t\t\t\tArray.prototype.push.apply(base, toPush);\n\t\t\t} else {\n\t\t\t\tbase.push(toPush);\n\t\t\t}\n\t\t}\n\n\t\treturn base;\n\t}\n\n\t// Private helper to create a tooltip item model\n\t// @param element : the chart element (point, arc, bar) to create the tooltip item for\n\t// @return : new tooltip item\n\tfunction createTooltipItem(element) {\n\t\tvar xScale = element._xScale;\n\t\tvar yScale = element._yScale || element._scale; // handle radar || polarArea charts\n\t\tvar index = element._index,\n\t\t\tdatasetIndex = element._datasetIndex;\n\n\t\treturn {\n\t\t\txLabel: xScale ? ", "xScale.getLabelForIndex(index, datasetIndex) : '',\n\t\t\tyLabel: yScale ? ", "yScale.getLabelForIndex(index, datasetIndex) : '',\n\t\t\tindex: index,\n\t\t\tdatasetIndex: datasetIndex,\n\t\t\tx: element._model.x,\n\t\t\ty: element._model.y\n\t\t};\n\t}\n\n\t/**\n\t * Helper to get the reset model for the tooltip\n\t * @param tooltipOpts {Object} the tooltip options\n\t */\n\tfunction getBaseModel(tooltipOpts) {\n\t\tvar globalDefaults = Chart.defaults.global;\n\t\tvar getValueOrDefault = helpers.getValueOrDefault;\n\n\t\treturn {\n\t\t\t// Positioning\n\t\t\txPadding: tooltipOpts.xPadding,\n\t\t\tyPadding: tooltipOpts.yPadding,\n\t\t\txAlign: tooltipOpts.xAlign,\n\t\t\tyAlign: tooltipOpts.yAlign,\n\n\t\t\t// Body\n\t\t\tbodyFontColor: tooltipOpts.bodyFontColor,\n\t\t\t_bodyFontFamily: getValueOrDefault(tooltipOpts.bodyFontFamily, globalDefaults.defaultFontFamily),\n\t\t\t_bodyFontStyle: getValueOrDefault(tooltipOpts.bodyFontStyle, globalDefaults.defaultFontStyle),\n\t\t\t_bodyAlign: tooltipOpts.bodyAlign,\n\t\t\tbodyFontSize: getValueOrDefault(tooltipOpts.bodyFontSize, globalDefaults.defaultFontSize),\n\t\t\tbodySpacing: tooltipOpts.bodySpacing,\n\n\t\t\t// Title\n\t\t\ttitleFontColor: tooltipOpts.titleFontColor,\n\t\t\t_titleFontFamily: getValueOrDefault(tooltipOpts.titleFontFamily, globalDefaults.defaultFontFamily),\n\t\t\t_titleFontStyle: getValueOrDefault(tooltipOpts.titleFontStyle, globalDefaults.defaultFontStyle),\n\t\t\ttitleFontSize: getValueOrDefault(tooltipOpts.titleFontSize, globalDefaults.defaultFontSize),\n\t\t\t_titleAlign: tooltipOpts.titleAlign,\n\t\t\ttitleSpacing: tooltipOpts.titleSpacing,\n\t\t\ttitleMarginBottom: tooltipOpts.titleMarginBottom,\n\n\t\t\t// Footer\n\t\t\tfooterFontColor: tooltipOpts.footerFontColor,\n\t\t\t_footerFontFamily: getValueOrDefault(tooltipOpts.footerFontFamily, globalDefaults.defaultFontFamily),\n\t\t\t_footerFontStyle: getValueOrDefault(tooltipOpts.footerFontStyle, globalDefaults.defaultFontStyle),\n\t\t\tfooterFontSize: getValueOrDefault(tooltipOpts.footerFontSize, globalDefaults.defaultFontSize),\n\t\t\t_footerAlign: tooltipOpts.footerAlign,\n\t\t\tfooterSpacing: tooltipOpts.footerSpacing,\n\t\t\tfooterMarginTop: tooltipOpts.footerMarginTop,\n\n\t\t\t// Appearance\n\t\t\tcaretSize: tooltipOpts.caretSize,\n\t\t\tcornerRadius: tooltipOpts.cornerRadius,\n\t\t\tbackgroundColor: tooltipOpts.backgroundColor,\n\t\t\topacity: 0,\n\t\t\tlegendColorBackground: tooltipOpts.multiKeyBackground,\n\t\t\tdisplayColors: tooltipOpts.displayColors,\n\t\t\tborderColor: tooltipOpts.borderColor,\n\t\t\tborderWidth: tooltipOpts.borderWidth\n\t\t};\n\t}\n\n\t/**\n\t * Get the size of the tooltip\n\t */\n\tfunction getTooltipSize(tooltip, model) {\n\t\tvar ctx = tooltip._chart.ctx;\n\n\t\tvar height = model.yPadding * 2; // Tooltip Padding\n\t\tvar width = 0;\n\n\t\t// Count of all lines in the body\n\t\tvar body = model.body;\n\t\tvar combinedBodyLength = body.reduce(function(count, bodyItem) {\n\t\t\treturn count + bodyItem.before.length + bodyItem.lines.length + bodyItem.after.length;\n\t\t}, 0);\n\t\tcombinedBodyLength += model.beforeBody.length + model.afterBody.length;\n\n\t\tvar titleLineCount = model.title.length;\n\t\tvar footerLineCount = model.footer.length;\n\t\tvar titleFontSize = model.titleFontSize,\n\t\t\tbodyFontSize = model.bodyFontSize,\n\t\t\tfooterFontSize = model.footerFontSize;\n\n\t\theight += titleLineCount * titleFontSize; // Title Lines\n\t\theight += titleLineCount ? (", "titleLineCount - 1) * model.titleSpacing : 0; // Title Line Spacing\n\t\theight += titleLineCount ? ", "model.titleMarginBottom : 0; // Title's bottom Margin\n\t\theight += combinedBodyLength * bodyFontSize; // Body Lines\n\t\theight += combinedBodyLength ? (", "combinedBodyLength - 1) * model.bodySpacing : 0; // Body Line Spacing\n\t\theight += footerLineCount ? ", "model.footerMarginTop : 0; // Footer Margin\n\t\theight += footerLineCount * (footerFontSize); // Footer Lines\n\t\theight += footerLineCount ? (", "footerLineCount - 1) * model.footerSpacing : 0; // Footer Line Spacing\n\n\t\t// Title width\n\t\tvar widthPadding = 0;\n\t\tvar maxLineWidth = function(line) {\n\t\t\twidth = Math.max(width, ctx.measureText(line).width + widthPadding);\n\t\t};\n\n\t\tctx.font = helpers.fontString(titleFontSize, model._titleFontStyle, model._titleFontFamily);\n\t\thelpers.each(model.title, maxLineWidth);\n\n\t\t// Body width\n\t\tctx.font = helpers.fontString(bodyFontSize, model._bodyFontStyle, model._bodyFontFamily);\n\t\thelpers.each(model.beforeBody.concat(model.afterBody), maxLineWidth);\n\n\t\t// Body lines may include some extra width due to the color box\n\t\twidthPadding = model.displayColors ? (", "bodyFontSize + 2) : 0;\n\t\thelpers.each(body, function(bodyItem) {\n\t\t\thelpers.each(bodyItem.before, maxLineWidth);\n\t\t\thelpers.each(bodyItem.lines, maxLineWidth);\n\t\t\thelpers.each(bodyItem.after, maxLineWidth);\n\t\t});\n\n\t\t// Reset back to 0\n\t\twidthPadding = 0;\n\n\t\t// Footer width\n\t\tctx.font = helpers.fontString(footerFontSize, model._footerFontStyle, model._footerFontFamily);\n\t\thelpers.each(model.footer, maxLineWidth);\n\n\t\t// Add padding\n\t\twidth += 2 * model.xPadding;\n\n\t\treturn {\n\t\t\twidth: width,\n\t\t\theight: height\n\t\t};\n\t}\n\n\t/**\n\t * Helper to get the alignment of a tooltip given the size\n\t */\n\tfunction determineAlignment(tooltip, size) {\n\t\tvar model = tooltip._model;\n\t\tvar chart = tooltip._chart;\n\t\tvar chartArea = tooltip._chart.chartArea;\n\t\tvar xAlign = 'center';\n\t\tvar yAlign = 'center';\n\n\t\tif (model.y < size.height) {\n\t\t\tyAlign = 'top';\n\t\t} else if (model.y > (chart.height - size.height)) {\n\t\t\tyAlign = 'bottom';\n\t\t}\n\n\t\tvar lf, rf; // functions to determine left, right alignment\n\t\tvar olf, orf; // functions to determine if left/right alignment causes tooltip to go outside chart\n\t\tvar yf; // function to get the y alignment if the tooltip goes outside of the left or right edges\n\t\tvar midX = (chartArea.left + chartArea.right) / 2;\n\t\tvar midY = (chartArea.top + chartArea.bottom) / 2;\n\n\t\tif (yAlign === 'center') {\n\t\t\tlf = function(x) {\n\t\t\t\treturn x <= midX;\n\t\t\t};\n\t\t\trf = function(x) {\n\t\t\t\treturn x > midX;\n\t\t\t};\n\t\t} else {\n\t\t\tlf = function(x) {\n\t\t\t\treturn x <= (size.width / 2);\n\t\t\t};\n\t\t\trf = function(x) {\n\t\t\t\treturn x >= (chart.width - (size.width / 2));\n\t\t\t};\n\t\t}\n\n\t\tolf = function(x) {\n\t\t\treturn x + size.width > chart.width;\n\t\t};\n\t\torf = function(x) {\n\t\t\treturn x - size.width < 0;\n\t\t};\n\t\tyf = function(y) {\n\t\t\treturn y <= midY ? '", "top' : 'bottom';\n\t\t};\n\n\t\tif (lf(model.x)) {\n\t\t\txAlign = 'left';\n\n\t\t\t// Is tooltip too wide and goes over the right side of the chart.?", "\n\t\t\tif (olf(model.x)) {\n\t\t\t\txAlign = 'center';\n\t\t\t\tyAlign = yf(model.y);\n\t\t\t}\n\t\t} else if (rf(model.x)) {\n\t\t\txAlign = 'right';\n\n\t\t\t// Is tooltip too wide and goes outside left edge of canvas?", "\n\t\t\tif (orf(model.x)) {\n\t\t\t\txAlign = 'center';\n\t\t\t\tyAlign = yf(model.y);\n\t\t\t}\n\t\t}\n\n\t\tvar opts = tooltip._options;\n\t\treturn {\n\t\t\txAlign: opts.xAlign ? ", "opts.xAlign : xAlign,\n\t\t\tyAlign: opts.yAlign ? ", "opts.yAlign : yAlign\n\t\t};\n\t}\n\n\t/**\n\t * @Helper to get the location a tooltip needs to be placed at given the initial position (via the vm) and the size and alignment\n\t */\n\tfunction getBackgroundPoint(vm, size, alignment) {\n\t\t// Background Position\n\t\tvar x = vm.x;\n\t\tvar y = vm.y;\n\n\t\tvar caretSize = vm.caretSize,\n\t\t\tcaretPadding = vm.caretPadding,\n\t\t\tcornerRadius = vm.cornerRadius,\n\t\t\txAlign = alignment.xAlign,\n\t\t\tyAlign = alignment.yAlign,\n\t\t\tpaddingAndSize = caretSize + caretPadding,\n\t\t\tradiusAndPadding = cornerRadius + caretPadding;\n\n\t\tif (xAlign === 'right') {\n\t\t\tx -= size.width;\n\t\t} else if (xAlign === 'center') {\n\t\t\tx -= (size.width / 2);\n\t\t}\n\n\t\tif (yAlign === 'top') {\n\t\t\ty += paddingAndSize;\n\t\t} else if (yAlign === 'bottom') {\n\t\t\ty -= size.height + paddingAndSize;\n\t\t} else {\n\t\t\ty -= (size.height / 2);\n\t\t}\n\n\t\tif (yAlign === 'center') {\n\t\t\tif (xAlign === 'left') {\n\t\t\t\tx += paddingAndSize;\n\t\t\t} else if (xAlign === 'right') {\n\t\t\t\tx -= paddingAndSize;\n\t\t\t}\n\t\t} else if (xAlign === 'left') {\n\t\t\tx -= radiusAndPadding;\n\t\t} else if (xAlign === 'right') {\n\t\t\tx += radiusAndPadding;\n\t\t}\n\n\t\treturn {\n\t\t\tx: x,\n\t\t\ty: y\n\t\t};\n\t}\n\n\tChart.", "Tooltip = Chart.Element.extend({\n\t\tinitialize: function() {\n\t\t\tthis._model = getBaseModel(this._options);\n\t\t},\n\n\t\t// Get the title\n\t\t// Args are: (tooltipItem, data)\n\t\tgetTitle: function() {\n\t\t\tvar me = this;\n\t\t\tvar opts = me._options;\n\t\t\tvar callbacks = opts.callbacks;\n\n\t\t\tvar beforeTitle = callbacks.beforeTitle.apply(me, arguments),\n\t\t\t\ttitle = callbacks.title.apply(me, arguments),\n\t\t\t\tafterTitle = callbacks.afterTitle.apply(me, arguments);\n\n\t\t\tvar lines = [];\n\t\t\tlines = pushOrConcat(lines, beforeTitle);\n\t\t\tlines = pushOrConcat(lines, title);\n\t\t\tlines = pushOrConcat(lines, afterTitle);\n\n\t\t\treturn lines;\n\t\t},\n\n\t\t// Args are: (tooltipItem, data)\n\t\tgetBeforeBody: function() {\n\t\t\tvar lines = this._options.callbacks.beforeBody.apply(this, arguments);\n\t\t\treturn helpers.isArray(lines) ? ", "lines : lines !", "== undefined ? [", "lines] : [];\n\t\t},\n\n\t\t// Args are: (tooltipItem, data)\n\t\tgetBody: function(tooltipItems, data) {\n\t\t\tvar me = this;\n\t\t\tvar callbacks = me._options.callbacks;\n\t\t\tvar bodyItems = [];\n\n\t\t\thelpers.each(tooltipItems, function(tooltipItem) {\n\t\t\t\tvar bodyItem = {\n\t\t\t\t\tbefore: [],\n\t\t\t\t\tlines: [],\n\t\t\t\t\tafter: []\n\t\t\t\t};\n\t\t\t\tpushOrConcat(bodyItem.before, callbacks.beforeLabel.call(me, tooltipItem, data));\n\t\t\t\tpushOrConcat(bodyItem.lines, callbacks.label.call(me, tooltipItem, data));\n\t\t\t\tpushOrConcat(bodyItem.after, callbacks.afterLabel.call(me, tooltipItem, data));\n\n\t\t\t\tbodyItems.push(bodyItem);\n\t\t\t});\n\n\t\t\treturn bodyItems;\n\t\t},\n\n\t\t// Args are: (tooltipItem, data)\n\t\tgetAfterBody: function() {\n\t\t\tvar lines = this._options.callbacks.afterBody.apply(this, arguments);\n\t\t\treturn helpers.isArray(lines) ? ", "lines : lines !", "== undefined ? [", "lines] : [];\n\t\t},\n\n\t\t// Get the footer and beforeFooter and afterFooter lines\n\t\t// Args are: (tooltipItem, data)\n\t\tgetFooter: function() {\n\t\t\tvar me = this;\n\t\t\tvar callbacks = me._options.callbacks;\n\n\t\t\tvar beforeFooter = callbacks.beforeFooter.apply(me, arguments);\n\t\t\tvar footer = callbacks.footer.apply(me, arguments);\n\t\t\tvar afterFooter = callbacks.afterFooter.apply(me, arguments);\n\n\t\t\tvar lines = [];\n\t\t\tlines = pushOrConcat(lines, beforeFooter);\n\t\t\tlines = pushOrConcat(lines, footer);\n\t\t\tlines = pushOrConcat(lines, afterFooter);\n\n\t\t\treturn lines;\n\t\t},\n\n\t\tupdate: function(changed) {\n\t\t\tvar me = this;\n\t\t\tvar opts = me._options;\n\n\t\t\t// Need to regenerate the model because its faster than using extend and it is necessary due to the optimization in Chart.Element.transition\n\t\t\t// that does _view = _model if ease === 1. ", "This causes the 2nd tooltip update to set properties in both the view and model at the same time\n\t\t\t// which breaks any animations.", "\n\t\t\tvar existingModel = me._model;\n\t\t\tvar model = me._model = getBaseModel(opts);\n\t\t\tvar active = me._active;\n\n\t\t\tvar data = me._data;\n\n\t\t\t// In the case where active.length === 0 we need to keep these at existing values for good animations\n\t\t\tvar alignment = {\n\t\t\t\txAlign: existingModel.xAlign,\n\t\t\t\tyAlign: existingModel.yAlign\n\t\t\t};\n\t\t\tvar backgroundPoint = {\n\t\t\t\tx: existingModel.x,\n\t\t\t\ty: existingModel.y\n\t\t\t};\n\t\t\tvar tooltipSize = {\n\t\t\t\twidth: existingModel.width,\n\t\t\t\theight: existingModel.height\n\t\t\t};\n\t\t\tvar tooltipPosition = {\n\t\t\t\tx: existingModel.caretX,\n\t\t\t\ty: existingModel.caretY\n\t\t\t};\n\n\t\t\tvar i, len;\n\n\t\t\tif (active.length) {\n\t\t\t\tmodel.opacity = 1;\n\n\t\t\t\tvar labelColors = [];\n\t\t\t\ttooltipPosition = Chart.", "Tooltip.positioners[opts.position](active, me._eventPosition);\n\n\t\t\t\tvar tooltipItems = [];\n\t\t\t\tfor (i = 0, len = active.length; i < len; ++i) {\n\t\t\t\t\ttooltipItems.push(createTooltipItem(active[i]));\n\t\t\t\t}\n\n\t\t\t\t// If the user provided a filter function, use it to modify the tooltip items\n\t\t\t\tif (opts.filter) {\n\t\t\t\t\ttooltipItems = tooltipItems.filter(function(a) {\n\t\t\t\t\t\treturn opts.filter(a, data);\n\t\t\t\t\t});\n\t\t\t\t}\n\n\t\t\t\t// If the user provided a sorting function, use it to modify the tooltip items\n\t\t\t\tif (opts.itemSort) {\n\t\t\t\t\ttooltipItems = tooltipItems.sort(function(a, b) {\n\t\t\t\t\t\treturn opts.itemSort(a, b, data);\n\t\t\t\t\t});\n\t\t\t\t}\n\n\t\t\t\t// Determine colors for boxes\n\t\t\t\thelpers.each(tooltipItems, function(tooltipItem) {\n\t\t\t\t\tlabelColors.push(opts.callbacks.labelColor.call(me, tooltipItem, me._chart));\n\t\t\t\t});\n\n\t\t\t\t// Build the Text Lines\n\t\t\t\tmodel.title = me.getTitle(tooltipItems, data);\n\t\t\t\tmodel.beforeBody = me.getBeforeBody(tooltipItems, data);\n\t\t\t\tmodel.body = me.getBody(tooltipItems, data);\n\t\t\t\tmodel.afterBody = me.getAfterBody(tooltipItems, data);\n\t\t\t\tmodel.footer = me.getFooter(tooltipItems, data);\n\n\t\t\t\t// Initial positioning and colors\n\t\t\t\tmodel.x = Math.round(tooltipPosition.x);\n\t\t\t\tmodel.y = Math.round(tooltipPosition.y);\n\t\t\t\tmodel.caretPadding = opts.caretPadding;\n\t\t\t\tmodel.labelColors = labelColors;\n\n\t\t\t\t// data points\n\t\t\t\tmodel.dataPoints = tooltipItems;\n\n\t\t\t\t// We need to determine alignment of the tooltip\n\t\t\t\ttooltipSize = getTooltipSize(this, model);\n\t\t\t\talignment = determineAlignment(this, tooltipSize);\n\t\t\t\t// Final Size and Position\n\t\t\t\tbackgroundPoint = getBackgroundPoint(model, tooltipSize, alignment);\n\t\t\t} else {\n\t\t\t\tmodel.opacity = 0;\n\t\t\t}\n\n\t\t\tmodel.xAlign = alignment.xAlign;\n\t\t\tmodel.yAlign = alignment.yAlign;\n\t\t\tmodel.x = backgroundPoint.x;\n\t\t\tmodel.y = backgroundPoint.y;\n\t\t\tmodel.width = tooltipSize.width;\n\t\t\tmodel.height = tooltipSize.height;\n\n\t\t\t// Point where the caret on the tooltip points to\n\t\t\tmodel.caretX = tooltipPosition.x;\n\t\t\tmodel.caretY = tooltipPosition.y;\n\n\t\t\tme._model = model;\n\n\t\t\tif (changed && opts.custom) {\n\t\t\t\topts.custom.call(me, model);\n\t\t\t}\n\n\t\t\treturn me;\n\t\t},\n\t\tdrawCaret: function(tooltipPoint, size) {\n\t\t\tvar ctx = this._chart.ctx;\n\t\t\tvar vm = this._view;\n\t\t\tvar caretPosition = this.getCaretPosition(tooltipPoint, size, vm);\n\n\t\t\tctx.lineTo(caretPosition.x1, caretPosition.y1);\n\t\t\tctx.lineTo(caretPosition.x2, caretPosition.y2);\n\t\t\tctx.lineTo(caretPosition.x3, caretPosition.y3);\n\t\t},\n\t\tgetCaretPosition: function(tooltipPoint, size, vm) {\n\t\t\tvar x1, x2, x3;\n\t\t\tvar y1, y2, y3;\n\t\t\tvar caretSize = vm.caretSize;\n\t\t\tvar cornerRadius = vm.cornerRadius;\n\t\t\tvar xAlign = vm.xAlign,\n\t\t\t\tyAlign = vm.yAlign;\n\t\t\tvar ptX = tooltipPoint.x,\n\t\t\t\tptY = tooltipPoint.y;\n\t\t\tvar width = size.width,\n\t\t\t\theight = size.height;\n\n\t\t\tif (yAlign === 'center') {\n\t\t\t\ty2 = ptY + (height / 2);\n\n\t\t\t\tif (xAlign === 'left') {\n\t\t\t\t\tx1 = ptX;\n\t\t\t\t\tx2 = x1 - caretSize;\n\t\t\t\t\tx3 = x1;\n\n\t\t\t\t\ty1 = y2 + caretSize;\n\t\t\t\t\ty3 = y2 - caretSize;\n\t\t\t\t} else {\n\t\t\t\t\tx1 = ptX + width;\n\t\t\t\t\tx2 = x1 + caretSize;\n\t\t\t\t\tx3 = x1;\n\n\t\t\t\t\ty1 = y2 - caretSize;\n\t\t\t\t\ty3 = y2 + caretSize;\n\t\t\t\t}\n\t\t\t} else {\n\t\t\t\tif (xAlign === 'left') {\n\t\t\t\t\tx2 = ptX + cornerRadius + (caretSize);\n\t\t\t\t\tx1 = x2 - caretSize;\n\t\t\t\t\tx3 = x2 + caretSize;\n\t\t\t\t} else if (xAlign === 'right') {\n\t\t\t\t\tx2 = ptX + width - cornerRadius - caretSize;\n\t\t\t\t\tx1 = x2 - caretSize;\n\t\t\t\t\tx3 = x2 + caretSize;\n\t\t\t\t} else {\n\t\t\t\t\tx2 = ptX + (width / 2);\n\t\t\t\t\tx1 = x2 - caretSize;\n\t\t\t\t\tx3 = x2 + caretSize;\n\t\t\t\t}\n\t\t\t\tif (yAlign === 'top') {\n\t\t\t\t\ty1 = ptY;\n\t\t\t\t\ty2 = y1 - caretSize;\n\t\t\t\t\ty3 = y1;\n\t\t\t\t} else {\n\t\t\t\t\ty1 = ptY + height;\n\t\t\t\t\ty2 = y1 + caretSize;\n\t\t\t\t\ty3 = y1;\n\t\t\t\t\t// invert drawing order\n\t\t\t\t\tvar tmp = x3;\n\t\t\t\t\tx3 = x1;\n\t\t\t\t\tx1 = tmp;\n\t\t\t\t}\n\t\t\t}\n\t\t\treturn {x1: x1, x2: x2, x3: x3, y1: y1, y2: y2, y3: y3};\n\t\t},\n\t\tdrawTitle: function(pt, vm, ctx, opacity) {\n\t\t\tvar title = vm.title;\n\n\t\t\tif (title.length) {\n\t\t\t\tctx.textAlign = vm._titleAlign;\n\t\t\t\tctx.textBaseline = 'top';\n\n\t\t\t\tvar titleFontSize = vm.titleFontSize,\n\t\t\t\t\ttitleSpacing = vm.titleSpacing;\n\n\t\t\t\tctx.fillStyle = mergeOpacity(vm.titleFontColor, opacity);\n\t\t\t\tctx.font = helpers.fontString(titleFontSize, vm._titleFontStyle, vm._titleFontFamily);\n\n\t\t\t\tvar i, len;\n\t\t\t\tfor (i = 0, len = title.length; i < len; ++i) {\n\t\t\t\t\tctx.fillText(title[i], pt.x, pt.y);\n\t\t\t\t\tpt.y += titleFontSize + titleSpacing; // Line Height and spacing\n\n\t\t\t\t\tif (i + 1 === title.length) {\n\t\t\t\t\t\tpt.y += vm.titleMarginBottom - titleSpacing; // If Last, add margin, remove spacing\n\t\t\t\t\t}\n\t\t\t\t}\n\t\t\t}\n\t\t},\n\t\tdrawBody: function(pt, vm, ctx, opacity) {\n\t\t\tvar bodyFontSize = vm.bodyFontSize;\n\t\t\tvar bodySpacing = vm.bodySpacing;\n\t\t\tvar body = vm.body;\n\n\t\t\tctx.textAlign = vm._bodyAlign;\n\t\t\tctx.textBaseline = 'top';\n\n\t\t\tvar textColor = mergeOpacity(vm.bodyFontColor, opacity);\n\t\t\tctx.fillStyle = textColor;\n\t\t\tctx.font = helpers.fontString(bodyFontSize, vm._bodyFontStyle, vm._bodyFontFamily);\n\n\t\t\t// Before Body\n\t\t\tvar xLinePadding = 0;\n\t\t\tvar fillLineOfText = function(line) {\n\t\t\t\tctx.fillText(line, pt.x + xLinePadding, pt.y);\n\t\t\t\tpt.y += bodyFontSize + bodySpacing;\n\t\t\t};\n\n\t\t\t// Before body lines\n\t\t\thelpers.each(vm.beforeBody, fillLineOfText);\n\n\t\t\tvar drawColorBoxes = vm.displayColors;\n\t\t\txLinePadding = drawColorBoxes ? (", "bodyFontSize + 2) : 0;\n\n\t\t\t// Draw body lines now\n\t\t\thelpers.each(body, function(bodyItem, i) {\n\t\t\t\thelpers.each(bodyItem.before, fillLineOfText);\n\n\t\t\t\thelpers.each(bodyItem.lines, function(line) {\n\t\t\t\t\t// Draw Legend-like boxes if needed\n\t\t\t\t\tif (drawColorBoxes) {\n\t\t\t\t\t\t// Fill a white rect so that colours merge nicely if the opacity is < 1\n\t\t\t\t\t\tctx.fillStyle = mergeOpacity(vm.legendColorBackground, opacity);\n\t\t\t\t\t\tctx.fillRect(pt.x, pt.y, bodyFontSize, bodyFontSize);\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t// Border\n\t\t\t\t\t\tctx.strokeStyle = mergeOpacity(vm.labelColors[i].borderColor, opacity);\n\t\t\t\t\t\tctx.strokeRect(pt.x, pt.y, bodyFontSize, bodyFontSize);\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t// Inner square\n\t\t\t\t\t\tctx.fillStyle = mergeOpacity(vm.labelColors[i].backgroundColor, opacity);\n\t\t\t\t\t\tctx.fillRect(pt.x + 1, pt.y + 1, bodyFontSize - 2, bodyFontSize - 2);\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\tctx.fillStyle = textColor;\n\t\t\t\t\t}\n\n\t\t\t\t\tfillLineOfText(line);\n\t\t\t\t});\n\n\t\t\t\thelpers.each(bodyItem.after, fillLineOfText);\n\t\t\t});\n\n\t\t\t// Reset back to 0 for after body\n\t\t\txLinePadding = 0;\n\n\t\t\t// After body lines\n\t\t\thelpers.each(vm.afterBody, fillLineOfText);\n\t\t\tpt.y -= bodySpacing; // Remove last body spacing\n\t\t},\n\t\tdrawFooter: function(pt, vm, ctx, opacity) {\n\t\t\tvar footer = vm.footer;\n\n\t\t\tif (footer.length) {\n\t\t\t\tpt.y += vm.footerMarginTop;\n\n\t\t\t\tctx.textAlign = vm._footerAlign;\n\t\t\t\tctx.textBaseline = 'top';\n\n\t\t\t\tctx.fillStyle = mergeOpacity(vm.footerFontColor, opacity);\n\t\t\t\tctx.font = helpers.fontString(vm.footerFontSize, vm._footerFontStyle, vm._footerFontFamily);\n\n\t\t\t\thelpers.each(footer, function(line) {\n\t\t\t\t\tctx.fillText(line, pt.x, pt.y);\n\t\t\t\t\tpt.y += vm.footerFontSize + vm.footerSpacing;\n\t\t\t\t});\n\t\t\t}\n\t\t},\n\t\tdrawBackground: function(pt, vm, ctx, tooltipSize, opacity) {\n\t\t\tctx.fillStyle = mergeOpacity(vm.backgroundColor, opacity);\n\t\t\tctx.strokeStyle = mergeOpacity(vm.borderColor, opacity);\n\t\t\tctx.lineWidth = vm.borderWidth;\n\t\t\tvar xAlign = vm.xAlign;\n\t\t\tvar yAlign = vm.yAlign;\n\t\t\tvar x = pt.x;\n\t\t\tvar y = pt.y;\n\t\t\tvar width = tooltipSize.width;\n\t\t\tvar height = tooltipSize.height;\n\t\t\tvar radius = vm.cornerRadius;\n\n\t\t\tctx.beginPath();\n\t\t\tctx.moveTo(x + radius, y);\n\t\t\tif (yAlign === 'top') {\n\t\t\t\tthis.drawCaret(pt, tooltipSize);\n\t\t\t}\n\t\t\tctx.lineTo(x + width - radius, y);\n\t\t\tctx.quadraticCurveTo(x + width, y, x + width, y + radius);\n\t\t\tif (yAlign === 'center' && xAlign === 'right') {\n\t\t\t\tthis.drawCaret(pt, tooltipSize);\n\t\t\t}\n\t\t\tctx.lineTo(x + width, y + height - radius);\n\t\t\tctx.quadraticCurveTo(x + width, y + height, x + width - radius, y + height);\n\t\t\tif (yAlign === 'bottom') {\n\t\t\t\tthis.drawCaret(pt, tooltipSize);\n\t\t\t}\n\t\t\tctx.lineTo(x + radius, y + height);\n\t\t\tctx.quadraticCurveTo(x, y + height, x, y + height - radius);\n\t\t\tif (yAlign === 'center' && xAlign === 'left') {\n\t\t\t\tthis.drawCaret(pt, tooltipSize);\n\t\t\t}\n\t\t\tctx.lineTo(x, y + radius);\n\t\t\tctx.quadraticCurveTo(x, y, x + radius, y);\n\t\t\tctx.closePath();\n\n\t\t\tctx.fill();\n\n\t\t\tif (vm.borderWidth > 0) {\n\t\t\t\tctx.stroke();\n\t\t\t}\n\t\t},\n\t\tdraw: function() {\n\t\t\tvar ctx = this._chart.ctx;\n\t\t\tvar vm = this._view;\n\n\t\t\tif (vm.opacity === 0) {\n\t\t\t\treturn;\n\t\t\t}\n\n\t\t\tvar tooltipSize = {\n\t\t\t\twidth: vm.width,\n\t\t\t\theight: vm.height\n\t\t\t};\n\t\t\tvar pt = {\n\t\t\t\tx: vm.x,\n\t\t\t\ty: vm.y\n\t\t\t};\n\n\t\t\t// IE11/Edge does not like very small opacities, so snap to 0\n\t\t\tvar opacity = Math.abs(vm.opacity < 1e-3) ? ", "0 : vm.opacity;\n\n\t\t\t// Truthy/falsey value for empty tooltip\n\t\t\tvar hasTooltipContent = vm.title.length || vm.beforeBody.length || vm.body.length || vm.afterBody.length || vm.footer.length;\n\n\t\t\tif (this._options.enabled && hasTooltipContent) {\n\t\t\t\t// Draw Background\n\t\t\t\tthis.drawBackground(pt, vm, ctx, tooltipSize, opacity);\n\n\t\t\t\t// Draw Title, Body, and Footer\n\t\t\t\tpt.x += vm.xPadding;\n\t\t\t\tpt.y += vm.yPadding;\n\n\t\t\t\t// Titles\n\t\t\t\tthis.drawTitle(pt, vm, ctx, opacity);\n\n\t\t\t\t// Body\n\t\t\t\tthis.drawBody(pt, vm, ctx, opacity);\n\n\t\t\t\t// Footer\n\t\t\t\tthis.drawFooter(pt, vm, ctx, opacity);\n\t\t\t}\n\t\t},\n\n\t\t/**\n\t\t * Handle an event\n\t\t * @private\n\t\t * @param {IEvent} event - The event to handle\n\t\t * @returns {Boolean} true if the tooltip changed\n\t\t */\n\t\thandleEvent: function(e) {\n\t\t\tvar me = this;\n\t\t\tvar options = me._options;\n\t\t\tvar changed = false;\n\n\t\t\tme._lastActive = me._lastActive || [];\n\n\t\t\t// Find Active Elements for tooltips\n\t\t\tif (e.type === 'mouseout') {\n\t\t\t\tme._active = [];\n\t\t\t} else {\n\t\t\t\tme._active = me._chart.getElementsAtEventForMode(e, options.mode, options);\n\t\t\t}\n\n\t\t\t// Remember Last Actives\n\t\t\tchanged = !", "helpers.arrayEquals(me._active, me._lastActive);\n\n\t\t\t// If tooltip didn't change, do not handle the target event\n\t\t\tif (!", "changed) {\n\t\t\t\treturn false;\n\t\t\t}\n\n\t\t\tme._lastActive = me._active;\n\n\t\t\tif (options.enabled || options.custom) {\n\t\t\t\tme._eventPosition = {\n\t\t\t\t\tx: e.x,\n\t\t\t\t\ty: e.y\n\t\t\t\t};\n\n\t\t\t\tvar model = me._model;\n\t\t\t\tme.update(true);\n\t\t\t\tme.pivot();\n\n\t\t\t\t// See if our tooltip position changed\n\t\t\t\tchanged |= (model.x !", "== me._model.x) || (model.y !", "== me._model.y);\n\t\t\t}\n\n\t\t\treturn changed;\n\t\t}\n\t});\n\n\t/**\n\t * @namespace Chart.Tooltip.positioners\n\t */\n\tChart.Tooltip.positioners = {\n\t\t/**\n\t\t * Average mode places the tooltip at the average position of the elements shown\n\t\t * @function Chart.Tooltip.positioners.average\n\t\t * @param elements {ChartElement[]} the elements being displayed in the tooltip\n\t\t * @returns {Point} tooltip position\n\t\t */\n\t\taverage: function(elements) {\n\t\t\tif (!", "elements.length) {\n\t\t\t\treturn false;\n\t\t\t}\n\n\t\t\tvar i, len;\n\t\t\tvar x = 0;\n\t\t\tvar y = 0;\n\t\t\tvar count = 0;\n\n\t\t\tfor (i = 0, len = elements.length; i < len; ++i) {\n\t\t\t\tvar el = elements[i];\n\t\t\t\tif (el && el.hasValue()) {\n\t\t\t\t\tvar pos = el.tooltipPosition();\n\t\t\t\t\tx += pos.x;\n\t\t\t\t\ty += pos.y;\n\t\t\t\t\t++count;\n\t\t\t\t}\n\t\t\t}\n\n\t\t\treturn {\n\t\t\t\tx: Math.round(x / count),\n\t\t\t\ty: Math.round(y / count)\n\t\t\t};\n\t\t},\n\n\t\t/**\n\t\t * Gets the tooltip position nearest of the item nearest to the event position\n\t\t * @function Chart.Tooltip.positioners.nearest\n\t\t * @param elements {Chart.", "Element[]} the tooltip elements\n\t\t * @param eventPosition {Point} the position of the event in canvas coordinates\n\t\t * @returns {Point} the tooltip position\n\t\t */\n\t\tnearest: function(elements, eventPosition) {\n\t\t\tvar x = eventPosition.x;\n\t\t\tvar y = eventPosition.y;\n\n\t\t\tvar nearestElement;\n\t\t\tvar minDistance = Number.", "POSITIVE_INFINITY;\n\t\t\tvar i, len;\n\t\t\tfor (i = 0, len = elements.length; i < len; ++i) {\n\t\t\t\tvar el = elements[i];\n\t\t\t\tif (el && el.hasValue()) {\n\t\t\t\t\tvar center = el.getCenterPoint();\n\t\t\t\t\tvar d = helpers.distanceBetweenPoints(eventPosition, center);\n\n\t\t\t\t\tif (d < minDistance) {\n\t\t\t\t\t\tminDistance = d;\n\t\t\t\t\t\tnearestElement = el;\n\t\t\t\t\t}\n\t\t\t\t}\n\t\t\t}\n\n\t\t\tif (nearestElement) {\n\t\t\t\tvar tp = nearestElement.tooltipPosition();\n\t\t\t\tx = tp.x;\n\t\t\t\ty = tp.y;\n\t\t\t}\n\n\t\t\treturn {\n\t\t\t\tx: x,\n\t\t\t\ty: y\n\t\t\t};\n\t\t}\n\t};\n};\n" ]

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[ "My postcards arrived today, a selection from New York - complete with a personalised note on each of them with tips and information - thanks so much!" ]

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[ "Q:\n\nИспользование LAN в приложениях\n\nЕсть несколько компов которые объединены одной локальной сетью через маршрутизатор. ", "Каждый из них должен отправлять данные на один комп. ", "Как минимум отправка запросов к БД, в идеале отправка обрабатываемых комманд.", "\nЯ хотел бы узнать как это реализовать в теории. ", "Но в примере: Клиенты C#. ", "Сервер обрабатывающий запросы на Python. ", "Примеры из java или c++ помогут толкнуться в нужном направлении, поэтому такая информация также будет полезна.", "\n\nA:\n\nПоищите по запросы Client Server app Python, Client Server app C#, вообще ваш вопрос очень общий, в каждом языке есть библиотеки для работы с сетью, в некоторых языках даже стандартная библиотека содержит такие методы. ", "Вам надо выбрать протокол tcp/udp, в зависимости от этого по разному будет устанавливаться соединение, точнее для udp оно не будет устанавливаться, а как вы по сети будете команды для исполнения передавать это уже сами придумайте) можете строчку которую надо выполнить передать и на принимающей стороне просто исполнить её.", "\n\n" ]

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[ "Tell us what your cows eat, we'll tell you what you get\n\nThe idea of taking into account parameters such as the costs and benefits of a natural biological activator (live yeast) in formulation models is fairly new and sounds an exciting concept; as more research centres and companies follow suit, a new generation of models and formulation tools is emerging..." ]

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[ "Q:\n\nValidation preventing refresh/restart - tkinter\n\nI've added validation to my tkinter entry widget to only allow numbers.", "I've added code which I thought would also allow an entry widget to be empty to enable my refresh and restart functions. ", "\nWhen the restart or refersh buttons are pressed I want both the entry widget and text area to be cleared. ", " Currently only the text area is clearing. ", " The numbers remain in the entry widget. ", " Suggested amendments to my code would be appreciated.", "\ndef __init__(self, parent, controller):\n tk.", "Frame.__init__(self, parent)\n self.controller = controller\n ...\n vcmd = (self.register(self.onValidate), '%S')\n self.weight_entry = tk.", "Entry(self, validate='key', vcmd = vcmd)\n self.weight_entry.pack(pady = 10)\n self.text = tk.", "Text(self)\n self.text.pack(pady = 10)\n self.text.config(state='disabled')\n Restart_button = tk.", "Button(self, text=\"Restart\", command=self.restart)\n Refresh_button = tk.", "Button(self, text=\"Refresh\", command=self.refresh)\n ...\n\n# Code below adds validation to the Entry widget so only numbers can be entered\ndef onValidate(self,s):\n if (self.weight_entry ==\"\"):\"\"\"Not sure if this is correct. ", " Taken from another answer on SO.\"\"\"", "\n return True\n if s in ['0','1','2', '3', '4', '5', '6', '7', '8', '9']: \n return True\n else:\n self.bell() # adds a sound effect to error\n self.text.delete(1.0, tk.", "END) # deletes the error message if valid entry provided\n return False\n\ndef restart(self):\n self.refresh()\n self.controller.show_frame(\"StartPage\")\n\ndef refresh(self):\n self.weight_entry.delete(0,tk.", "END)\n self.text.config(state='normal')\n self.text.delete(\"1.0\", \"end\")\n self.text.config(state='disabled')\n\nA:\n\nThe reason why you cannot delete the whole content of the entry is because in onValidate you expect s to be a single digit, but if your entry contains '123', when you call delete(0, \"end\"), then s = '123' so onValidate returns False. ", "\nTo solve this, you can do:\ndef onValidate(self, s):\n if s.isdigit(): # no need to test if the entry is empty because the deleted text contains only digits\n return True\n else:\n self.bell() # adds a sound effect to error\n self.text.delete(1.0, tk.", "END) # deletes the error message if valid entry provided\n return False\n\n" ]

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[ "Q:\n\nWhat emergencies could justify a highly liquid emergency fund?", "\n\nI've seen several questions (e.g. here) that challenge the need for complete liquidity in an emergency fund. ", " Answers often focus not just on the potential for market downturns to affect your ability to liquidate assets, but even the 2-3 day delay in fund availability being a potential disaster. ", " However, I cannot think of any real-world situation in which this time sensitivity could actually be the case, and no answer that I've seen so far offers any examples.", "\nA year after my bankruptcy in my much younger days I was approved for a credit card with no annual fee and a $3,000 limit. ", " Within a year I was at $10,000. ", " So if someone with bad credit, only 2 years post-bankruptcy, can attain $10,000 in unsecured credit, I imagine most anyone can. ", " As such, home repairs, car repairs, medical expenses, and most anything else can be put on credit for up to 30 days with no interest, which is far longer than is needed to liquidate any kind of stock or mutual fund. ", " And beyond $10,000 also pushes the limits of 3-6 months of salary for many. ", " Yes, I'm assuming that anyone with enough forethought to use an emergency fund would also have their credit cards completely paid off.", "\nAssuming a credit card cannot be used, or for some reason cannot be attained, what sort of emergency requires payment up front for which 2-3 days processing of a stock sale would pose a problem? ", " Any home repairs and car repairs I've had done allow a few days for payment, or accept a personal check at the end of the job (which will often take 2-3 days). ", " All medical bills I've received appear after insurance has processed them, which can take 30 days or more. ", " Short of owing money to the mob, or a zombie apocalypse, what sort of emergency could require immediate liquidity of an emergency fund.", "\nFor the purposes of this question I wish to understand only the need for immediate liquidity. ", " Issues with market volatility are a separate discussion.", "\n\nA:\n\nI suppose this could really depend on the part of the world you're in, but there are still many instances of \"emergencies\" that need \"cash\". ", "You have to decide how much cash is the right amount, but I still recommend having $1,000 or so in liquid cash. ", "It can really make a huge difference. ", "Let me give a few examples. ", "\n\nBad weather. ", "I live in Florida and after a hurricane if you want gas, food, or water, you're going to need cash. ", "ATM networks are the last to get repaired. ", "Same for internet. ", "Cell services are not at the top of the list. ", "You could be 4-5 days without access to your accounts. ", "If you need anything in that time frame it's cash or the Red Cross.", "\nChildren. ", "As a foster parent we keep some cash on hand because as kids come in to our care we want to get them in school right away. ", "How are they going to eat? ", "You can't give them your plastic, you haven't had time to setup \"lunch accounts\" or the like. ", "Cash always works. ", "Along those same lines are bus tickets, clothes, supplies and what not. ", "Not everywhere will take an ATM card, and if your money is tied up in a stock then what are you supposed to do for 3 days? ", "Tell your new kid that he can't eat?", "\nBig Emergency problems. ", "Like your car breaks down on the interstate. ", "Sure it can get towed to the dealership, and yes they will add the tow to your bill, and sure you have a few days to pay it (while your car gets fixed), but how are you going to get around? ", "Not all taxis take plastic around here. ", " Almost none of the busses take plastic even though they are supposed to.", "\nLost Wallet or ID theft. ", "Lose your wallet, good luck getting into your bank accounts. ", "It can take weeks to establish your ID after you lose it in some cases. ", "You want your ID, but you need your birth certificate. ", "You have to GO to the state of birth and request it. ", "Oh but wait, to travel you need an ID. ", "No problem send away for it, but wait, you need to send them money to mail it. ", "To bad all your money is tied up. ", "\nRunning or Evacuating - So you need to evacuate for some reason. ", "No big deal. ", "But all your money is in a place you can't get to it. ", "How do you put gas in your car. ", "Lets stick with it and say you get to \"cash out\" an account of some kind. ", "Guess what, they're not going to mail it to some random address. ", "Now you're stuck fighting support centers to get them to understand that you need your funds delivered to New York even though you live in Florida. ", "\n\nIn short, you don't need $100,000 in liquid funds, but there are a few cases that you need something liquid.", "\nYou also make a lot of assumptions. ", "For example, not every one will have health insurance, or a heath problem that is covered by their insurance. ", "Some serious home repairs are \"down payment\" upfront. ", "Car problems like an accident that means you need a rental can totally be up front. ", "Especially if credit cards can't be used.", "\n\nA:\n\nYou are not wrong - just about anything can be charged and paid off in 30 days with a sale of non-liquid investments. ", " So there are not any emergencies I can think of that require completely liquid funds (cash).", "\nFor me, the risks are more behavioral than financial:\n\nWhat if you decide to keep your investments because you think they will earn more than the interest you're paying on the card?", "\nWhat if the market is in a down cycle - will you be so quick to sell those investments knowing that they're worth less that they could be?", "\nYou might spend more when you float the bill than when using cash. ", " If you need a new washer/dryer - are you going to bargain shop to stay within a set budget, or just find the fanciest model and charge it (maybe applying for the store's credit card to get 0% for 6 months)? ", "Granted, that doesn't work in all situations, but it might make you get a second opinion on a car repair, or try to negotiate with the doctor/hospital to get a cash discount.", "\n\nI'm not saying it's a ridiculous, stupid idea, and these are all \"what-if\"s that can be countered with discipline and wise decisions, but having an emergency fund in cash certainly makes all of this simpler and reduces risk.", "\nIf you have investments that you would have no hesitation liquidating to cover an emergency, then you can make it work. ", " For most people, the choice is either paying cash, or charging it without having investment funds to pay it off, and they're back in the cycle of paying minimum payments for months and drowning in debt.", "\n\nA:\n\nWeather events and aging infrastructure. ", " Cash will buy gasoline, food and water when there is no power or telephone connectivity to process ATMs and credit cards.", "\n\nHurricane Katrina\nSuperstorm Sandy power outages lasted for weeks, \nIf contractors dredge the power cable to the island. ", " \n\n" ]

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[ "Piano della Lenta\n\nPiano della Lenta is a neighborhood of Teramo, Italy. ", "It extends to the north of the city center along the State Highway 80 (SS 80), the main road to Ascoli Piceno. ", " It is located about three kilometers from the Teramo city center and has the characteristic of being a mere extension of the city itself.", "\n\nOverview\nThe area's name, \"Piano della Lenta\" (Plain of Leisure) probably derives from a number of inns and wineries which once dotted the landscape. ", " They served as a welcome stopping off point fortravelers who journeyed from the Teramo city center to the surrounding villages and towns.", "\n\nPiano della Lenta boasts a number of interesting attractions including five man (calcetto) and eleven man (calcio) soccer fields, two bocce ball sporting areas, a small amphitheater, a remote control miniature car raceway, and four public garden parks. ", " A good portion of this development took place in the 1970s and 1980s, today making the area one of the most tranquil and convenient locations in the city of Teramo. ", " The neighborhood is almost entirely residential and has a population of more than 3000 residents.", "\nPiano della Lenta hosts a highly ranked soccer club with a very strong youth division.", "\n\nThe local parish church, completed in 1933 is dedicated to Saint Rita. ", " It is located in Piazza Gemma Marconi reachable by means of Via Ignazio Silone, the main street crossing through this area. ", " Another important street, Via Insorti Bosco Marterse, passes nearby.", "\n\nAlthough Piano della Lenta has been only recently developed, this specific location is noted in several historical documents:\nin 926 the land making up Piano della Lenta was deeded by Count Manfredi to the Bishop of Teramo.", "\nthe area is mentioned both in a 1056 Papal Decree by Pope Victor II.", "\nthe historian Niccola Palma wrote of a local castle going by the name of \"De Le Vetiche.\" ", " It served both as a quotidian mercantile trading center as well as a place of refuge during times of war. ", " No traces exist today although ruins of the castle were still being unearthed as late as the early 19th century.", "\na stone epigraph depicting a masculine torso with Roman inscriptions was recovered in the area. ", " This was likely part of the castle at one time and has since been moved to the Archaeological Museum in nearby Chieti.", "\n\nSee also\nTeramo\nColleparco\nCona\nGammarana\n\nCategory:Neighborhoods of Teramo" ]

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[ "Q:\n\nPosition center not top left corner of an image in css\n\nIs it possible to position center not top left corner of an image in CSS?", "\nI have an image that has other images on top of it (a map with points). ", "The background image has a fixed size and I have set the location of the images that are on the top with css: \n#map {\n width: 700px;\n height: 700px;\n margin: auto;\n position: relative;\n}\n.point {\n position: absolute;\n left: 39.9%;\n top: 81.9%;\n z-index: 1;\n}\n\nthe size of the point is 20x20px so I subtracted 10px from the necessary location and then converted to %. ", "Everything looks as it should. ", "\nI am trying to make the code work for smaller screens. ", "I changed the width and height to max-width and max-height. ", "Now the background adapts to the smaller screen, but because of those 20px I calculated in the position of the point, the smaller the screen gets, the further from the needed location the point goes.", "\nThe only solution I could think of was if I could set the position of points center with %, not the top left corner. ", "Would it be possible? ", "Is there a better way?", "\n\nA:\n\nleft: calc(50% - 10px);\ntop: calc(50% - 10px);\n\nOr \nleft: 50%; margin-left: -10px;\ntop: 50%; margin-top: -10px;\n\n" ]

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[ "If you wonder where the famous film actor and producer Sir Stanley Baker traveled in during his glory days, here it is: a beautiful state-of-the-art, ultra-exclusive Rolls-Royce Phantom VI Limousine by Mulliner Park Ward. ", "The car was delivered new on February 4, 1969 by P.J. Evans Ltd, Birmingham. ", "No more than 374 copies of them were built between 1968 and 1991. ", "But only one of them has been in possession of the Welsh movie star. ", "This is the one.", "\n\nExterior\n\nThe history tells us too that the Rolls-Royce has been silver in the past. ", "The former owner, who bought the Phantom in North Wales in 2000, decided to completely repaint the classic limousine 10 years ago. ", "And changed the body color into chic dark blue. ", "We can fully understand why: no exterior color that suits the Rolls as good as this one.", "The extremely royal coachwork (built in London by Mulliner Park Ward) and elegant shape of the Phantom VI matches perfectly to the dark tint. ", "Moreover, various chrome parts, including the prominent front grille, contrast gorgeously with the rest of the bodywork. ", "If we have to put it all together in one word? ", "Magnificent.", "\n\nInterior\n\nReason number two to change the color is the completely original interior. ", "After all, the inside is provided with blue leather upholstery and blue carpets: beautifully in line with the outside of the British top-class limo. ", "The roof is gray, referring to the original exterior color.", "Furthermore, the entire RR-inner gives a feeling of immense luxury and eternal style. ", "With lots of wood, extraordinary finishes, high quality materials and of course more space than you could ever dream of. ", "Besides, what is a Rolls without exceptional features such as a Wine Cabinet? ", "An option you will not find in today’s brochures. ", "Lap Diagonal Safety Belts on both front seats point out that Sir Stanley Baker liked his driver a lot. ", "Or he must have got behind the steering wheel himself…\n\nTechnology\n\nWe can imagine that he did so, looking at the outstanding condition of this unique car. ", "The 6.2 liter V8 is one of the finest engines in automotive history, so it’s not quite a punishment to drive it your own. ", "The automatic transmission is the pinnacle of suppleness too. ", "The Phantom floats over the asphalt like a flying carpet. ", "Really everything is focused on maximum comfort.", "Number VI of the legendary model is the last generation with a separate chassis. ", "This makes the car even more special. ", "The technique has recently been revised and fully prepared. ", "That’s how the classy limo gives you the same exceptional feeling while driving it as the time he transported a movie star. ", "Do you think you can play a main role in the (hi)story of this iconic Briton? ", "If you do, you’re very welcome to visit our Classics showroom in the Netherlands. ", "The pleasure will be all ours..." ]

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[ "// Code generated by private/model/cli/gen-api/main.go. ", "DO NOT EDIT.", "\n\npackage cloudwatchlogs\n\nimport (\n\t\"github.com/aws/aws-sdk-go/aws\"\n\t\"github.com/aws/aws-sdk-go/aws/client\"\n\t\"github.com/aws/aws-sdk-go/aws/client/metadata\"\n\t\"github.com/aws/aws-sdk-go/aws/request\"\n\t\"github.com/aws/aws-sdk-go/aws/signer/v4\"\n\t\"github.com/aws/aws-sdk-go/private/protocol/jsonrpc\"\n)\n\n// CloudWatchLogs provides the API operation methods for making requests to\n// Amazon CloudWatch Logs. ", "See this package's package overview docs\n// for details on the service.", "\n//\n// CloudWatchLogs methods are safe to use concurrently. ", "It is not safe to\n// modify mutate any of the struct's properties though.", "\ntype CloudWatchLogs struct {\n\t*client.", "Client\n}\n\n// Used for custom client initialization logic\nvar initClient func(*client.", "Client)\n\n// Used for custom request initialization logic\nvar initRequest func(*request.", "Request)\n\n// Service information constants\nconst (\n\tServiceName = \"logs\" // Service endpoint prefix API calls made to.", "\n\tEndpointsID = ServiceName // Service ID for Regions and Endpoints metadata.", "\n)\n\n// New creates a new instance of the CloudWatchLogs client with a session.", "\n// If additional configuration is needed for the client instance use the optional\n// aws.", "Config parameter to add your extra config.", "\n//\n// Example:\n// // Create a CloudWatchLogs client from just a session.", "\n// svc := cloudwatchlogs.", "New(mySession)\n//\n// // Create a CloudWatchLogs client with additional configuration\n// svc := cloudwatchlogs.", "New(mySession, aws.", "NewConfig().WithRegion(\"us-west-2\"))\nfunc New(p client.", "ConfigProvider, cfgs ...*aws.", "Config) *CloudWatchLogs {\n\tc := p.ClientConfig(EndpointsID, cfgs...)\n\treturn newClient(*c.", "Config, c.Handlers, c.Endpoint, c.SigningRegion, c.SigningName)\n}\n\n// newClient creates, initializes and returns a new service client instance.", "\nfunc newClient(cfg aws.", "Config, handlers request.", "Handlers, endpoint, signingRegion, signingName string) *CloudWatchLogs {\n\tsvc := &CloudWatchLogs{\n\t\tClient: client.", "New(\n\t\t\tcfg,\n\t\t\tmetadata.", "ClientInfo{\n\t\t\t\tServiceName: ServiceName,\n\t\t\t\tSigningName: signingName,\n\t\t\t\tSigningRegion: signingRegion,\n\t\t\t\tEndpoint: endpoint,\n\t\t\t\tAPIVersion: \"2014-03-28\",\n\t\t\t\tJSONVersion: \"1.1\",\n\t\t\t\tTargetPrefix: \"Logs_20140328\",\n\t\t\t},\n\t\t\thandlers,\n\t\t),\n\t}\n\n\t// Handlers\n\tsvc.", "Handlers.", "Sign.", "PushBackNamed(v4.SignRequestHandler)\n\tsvc.", "Handlers.", "Build.", "PushBackNamed(jsonrpc.", "BuildHandler)\n\tsvc.", "Handlers.", "Unmarshal.", "PushBackNamed(jsonrpc.", "UnmarshalHandler)\n\tsvc.", "Handlers.", "UnmarshalMeta.", "PushBackNamed(jsonrpc.", "UnmarshalMetaHandler)\n\tsvc.", "Handlers.", "UnmarshalError.", "PushBackNamed(jsonrpc.", "UnmarshalErrorHandler)\n\n\t// Run custom client initialization if present\n\tif initClient !", "= nil {\n\t\tinitClient(svc.", "Client)\n\t}\n\n\treturn svc\n}\n\n// newRequest creates a new request for a CloudWatchLogs operation and runs any\n// custom request initialization.", "\nfunc (c *CloudWatchLogs) newRequest(op *request.", "Operation, params, data interface{}) *request.", "Request {\n\treq := c.NewRequest(op, params, data)\n\n\t// Run custom request initialization if present\n\tif initRequest !", "= nil {\n\t\tinitRequest(req)\n\t}\n\n\treturn req\n}\n" ]

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[ "'use strict';\nangular.module(\"ngLocale\", [], [\"$provide\", function($provide) {\nvar PLURAL_CATEGORY = {ZERO: \"zero\", ONE: \"one\", TWO: \"two\", FEW: \"few\", MANY: \"many\", OTHER: \"other\"};\nfunction getDecimals(n) {\n n = n + '';\n var i = n.indexOf('.');", "\n return (i == -1) ? ", "0 : n.length - i - 1;\n}\n\nfunction getVF(n, opt_precision) {\n var v = opt_precision;\n\n if (undefined === v) {\n v = Math.min(getDecimals(n), 3);\n }\n\n var base = Math.pow(10, v);\n var f = ((n * base) | 0) % base;\n return {v: v, f: f};\n}\n\n$provide.value(\"$locale\", {\n \"DATETIME_FORMATS\": {\n \"AMPMS\": [\n \"vorm.\",", "\n \"nachm.\"", "\n ],\n \"DAY\": [\n \"Sonntag\",\n \"Montag\",\n \"Dienstag\",\n \"Mittwoch\",\n \"Donnerstag\",\n \"Freitag\",\n \"Samstag\"\n ],\n \"ERANAMES\": [\n \"v. Chr.\",", "\n \"n. Chr.\"", "\n ],\n \"ERAS\": [\n \"v. Chr.\",", "\n \"n. Chr.\"", "\n ],\n \"FIRSTDAYOFWEEK\": 0,\n \"MONTH\": [\n \"Januar\",\n \"Februar\",\n \"M\\u00e4rz\",\n \"April\",\n \"Mai\",\n \"Juni\",\n \"Juli\",\n \"August\",\n \"September\",\n \"Oktober\",\n \"November\",\n \"Dezember\"\n ],\n \"SHORTDAY\": [\n \"So.\",", "\n \"Mo.\",\n \"Di.\",", "\n \"Mi.\",", "\n \"Do.\",", "\n \"Fr.\",", "\n \"Sa.\"", "\n ],\n \"SHORTMONTH\": [\n \"Jan.\",\n \"Feb.\",\n \"M\\u00e4rz\",\n \"Apr.\",\n \"Mai\",\n \"Juni\",\n \"Juli\",\n \"Aug.\",\n \"Sep.\",\n \"Okt.\",", "\n \"Nov.\",\n \"Dez.\"", "\n ],\n \"WEEKENDRANGE\": [\n 5,\n 6\n ],\n \"fullDate\": \"EEEE, d. MMMM y\",\n \"longDate\": \"d. MMMM y\",\n \"medium\": \"dd.", "MM.y HH:mm:ss\",\n \"mediumDate\": \"dd.", "MM.y\",\n \"mediumTime\": \"HH:mm:ss\",\n \"short\": \"dd.MM.yy HH:mm\",\n \"shortDate\": \"dd.MM.yy\",\n \"shortTime\": \"HH:mm\"\n },\n \"NUMBER_FORMATS\": {\n \"CURRENCY_SYM\": \"\\u20ac\",\n \"DECIMAL_SEP\": \",\",\n \"GROUP_SEP\": \".\",", "\n \"PATTERNS\": [\n {\n \"gSize\": 3,\n \"lgSize\": 3,\n \"maxFrac\": 3,\n \"minFrac\": 0,\n \"minInt\": 1,\n \"negPre\": \"-\",\n \"negSuf\": \"\",\n \"posPre\": \"\",\n \"posSuf\": \"\"\n },\n {\n \"gSize\": 3,\n \"lgSize\": 3,\n \"maxFrac\": 2,\n \"minFrac\": 2,\n \"minInt\": 1,\n \"negPre\": \"-\",\n \"negSuf\": \"\\u00a0\\u00a4\",\n \"posPre\": \"\",\n \"posSuf\": \"\\u00a0\\u00a4\"\n }\n ]\n },\n \"id\": \"de-be\",\n \"pluralCat\": function(n, opt_precision) { var i = n | 0; var vf = getVF(n, opt_precision); if (i == 1 && vf.v == 0) { return PLURAL_CATEGORY.ONE; } return PLURAL_CATEGORY.OTHER;}\n});\n}]);\n" ]

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[ "THIS DAY IN HISTORY\n\nMISSING CLASSMATES\n\nKnow the email address of a missing Classmate? ", "Click here to contact them!", "\n\nJOINED CLASSMATES\n\nPercentage of Joined Classmates: 43.0%\n\nA:\n\n126\n\nJoined\n\nB:\n\n167\n\nNot Joined\n\nWelcome to the Pattonville - Class of 1964 Website\n\n50 Years!!!!!!!!!!!", "\n\nThe Class of 1964 celebrated our 50th Reunion on Saturday, September 6, 2014. ", "The day before was almost 95 degrees and sweltering, Saturday temperature barely made it into the low 70's (welcome to St. Louis weather). ", "Turnout for this event was better than expected, and, everyone had a good time visiting and reconnecting. ", "The surest sign we are getting older: large amounts of food, water, soda, and beer remained at the end of the day!", "\n\nPrincipal James. ", "C. McMahon recorded a greeting to our class - to view it click \"Mr. McMahon's Greeting\" tab on the top of this page. ", "Mr. McMahon lives in Wisconsin with his son, Tom. ", "His eye sight is failing, and he is 90 years old. ", "On September 6, 1944, Mr. McMahon was wounded while serving our country in the Army during World War II, seventy years ago.", "\n\nEffforts to consolidate the many 100's of digital photo's taken at the reunion will take some time - especially to \"tag\" everyone in the photo's, so bear with us a while.", "\n\nClick on the \"50th Reunion Photos\" tab at the top of this page to see photos contributed by classmates for all to enjoy!", "\n\nIf you would like to contribute your photo's to the class collection for all classmates to enjoy, please contact Don Kimmel (314-703-8400) or email don_kimmel@sbcglobal.net.", "\n\nThanks to everyone that made it such a great day by your attendance and enthusiasm. ", "Understandably, some classmates were unable to attend - for a variety of reasons. ", "Maybe next time (5 years out).", "\n\nHow much does it cost to join this website?", "\n\nRecent Obituaries: click on \"In Memory\" tab for details\n\nSonny Hartman - August 2014\n\nPhyllis Meierarend Schillinger - August 2013\n\nBill Sanders - January 2013\n\nJohn Durrwachter - November 2012\n\nRodger Daft - February, 2012\n\nRichard Hinds - January, 2012\n\nLinda Ross - May 2011\n\nGary Jamison - December, 2011\n\nIf you attended the reunion and wish to submit digital photo's to share with classmates - please click on the \"Contact Us\" tab at the top of this page and provide details on where the photos are stored and we will include them on this website.", "\n\nPlease click on tab marked \"46th Reunion Photos\" on the left of this page to view a slide show of photos submitted by classmates and Tim Stroop taken at the reunion, September 4, 2010.", "\n\nOther options to view and download photos to your computer will also be available on that tab.", "\n\nIf you have lost or misplaced your 1964 yearbook, we have added a new tab on the left side of this main page: click on \"The Class of 1964\" then click on the highlighted link to go to the Flickr website where the senior photo's are stored:\n\nMore yearbook photo's will be added as new tabs in the near future so come back & visit often." ]

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[ "<%\n from pwnlib import shellcraft\n from pwnlib.util.packing import flat, unpack\n from pwnlib.util.iters import group\n%>\n<%page args=\"value, register1='x14', register2='x15'\"/>\n<%docstring>\nPushes a value onto the stack without using null bytes or newline characters.", "\n\nIf src is a string, then we try to evaluate using :func:`pwnlib.constants.eval`\nbefore determining how to push it.", "\n\nNote that this means that this shellcode can change behavior depending on\nthe value of `context.os`.", "\n\nNote:\n AArch64 requires that the stack remain 16-byte aligned at all times,\n so this alignment is preserved.", "\n\nArgs:\n value(int,str): The value or register to push\n register1(str): Scratch register to use\n register2(str): Second scratch register to use\n\nExample:\n\n >>> print(pwnlib.shellcraft.push(0).rstrip())\n /* push 0 */\n mov x14, xzr\n str x14, [sp, #-16]!", "\n >>> print(pwnlib.shellcraft.push(1).rstrip())\n /* push 1 */\n mov x14, #1\n str x14, [sp, #-16]!", "\n >>> print(pwnlib.shellcraft.push(256).rstrip())\n /* push 0x100 */\n mov x14, #256\n str x14, [sp, #-16]!", "\n >>> print(pwnlib.shellcraft.push('SYS_execve').rstrip())\n /* push SYS_execve (0xdd) */\n mov x14, #221\n str x14, [sp, #-16]!", "\n >>> print(pwnlib.shellcraft.push('SYS_sendfile').rstrip())\n /* push SYS_sendfile (0x47) */\n mov x14, #71\n str x14, [sp, #-16]!", "\n >>> with context.local(os = 'freebsd'):\n ... print(pwnlib.shellcraft.push('SYS_execve').rstrip())\n ...\n /* push SYS_execve (0x3b) */\n mov x14, #59\n str x14, [sp, #-16]!", "\n</%docstring>\n<%\nif isinstance(value, str):\n value = shellcraft.eval(value)\npretty = shellcraft.pretty(value, comment=False)\n%>\n ${shellcraft.pushstr(flat(value),\n append_null = False,\n register1 = register1,\n register2 = register2,\n pretty = pretty)}\n" ]

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[ "Lamborghini Aventador S Review: The Last True Supercar?", "\n\nWe talk a lot about supercars being useable these days, don’t we? ", "The McLaren 720S has a weirdly sublime ride and great all-round visibility. ", "The Audi R8 feels just like a TT until you start poking its 5.2-litre V10 with a stick. ", "The 911 GT3 RS is one of the most hardcore things Porsche makes, and yet you could quite easily daily it.", "\n\nAs the Aventador S smashes over a manhole cover you wouldn’t even feel in other cars and then lurches into second gear, it occurs to me that Lamborghini did not get the everyday supercar memo. ", "Not when developing this car, anyway.", "If you ever get to drive one of these, for the love of god, don’t clock your first miles in it while negotiating a cramped London industrial estate at rush hour. ", "If you do, you’ll be in for a whole world of hurt.", "\n\nThe ride is the firmest of any road car I’ve ever encountered. ", "The robotised manual gearbox makes a meal out of every shift, and the clutch awkwardly drops in when you’re doing anything remotely resembling a hill start. ", "I’m struggling to see out as I manoeuvre around this concrete-clad part of the capital, made worse by the fact the tiny pieces of glass you’re given to peer out of are now steaming up.", "\n\nNormally, you’d just wind the windows down and then up to clear the condensation and hit the front screen demist button, but that’s not easy in an Aventador, as nothing is quite where you expect it to be. ", "There are buttons splattered around everywhere, and even the indicator and wiper stalks aren’t in the usual place - they poke down at around 4 and 8 o’clock.", "\n\nJust as I think the ride can’t get any worse, I have to raise the nose using the hydraulic lift function to avoid turning the front splitter into shards of broken plastic, which makes it feel like the front dampers have been replaced with rusty pogo sticks.", "\n\nYou might think that the noise would make up for this, but no - below 3000rpm the Aventador S sounds more like whirring industrial machinery. ", "It’s not until you reach that 3000 mark that a flap opens in the exhaust and you can, at last, hear that 6.5-litre naturally-aspirated V12. ", "But there’s far too much traffic for that to happen. ", "Oh, and my back is starting to hurt, as the seat padding is woefully inadequate.", "\n\nThe Aventador is a car that makes the kind of everyday driving we take for granted seem like an arduous task. ", "A few hours on, though, I’m far from North West London industrial misery and have the Peak District unfolding in front of the car’s perilously low nose. ", "At least I think it is - it’s raining. ", "And foggy. ", "Ah.", "\n\nRegardless, I find myself switching from Strada to the more hardcore Corsa mode. ", "Now, the dampers are at their firmest, the engine at its angriest, and the ESP in a less intrusive ‘sport’ setting. ", "After experimenting with ever greater throttle inputs, I’m happy that the traction is substantial enough that dialling down the electronic aids won’t result in being spat off into one of those dry stone walls that line the roads around here. ", "They’re a little sturdier than Forza Horizon 4, would you believe.", "\n\n\"Going fast in an Aventador is like having a fight. ", "A fight you can’t be sure you’re winning\"\n\nThe common complaint I hear about these cars is that they understeer, but I’m not feeling a whiff of it right now. ", "Just absolute neutrality, with savage changes of direction possible with a flick of steering wheel. ", "A lot of that is going to be down to the all-wheel steering system, and the aggressive all-wheel drive system, which sends even more to the rear than before. ", "It makes for an absurdly darty front-end.", "\n\nThis theme is carried through all aspects of the driving experience, because going fast in an Aventador is like having a fight. ", "A fight you can’t be sure you’re winning. ", "The ESP system seems to have an argument with itself as it decides how much of the V12’s 730 brake horsepowers to inflict on the wheels. ", "The fast and very heavy steering kicks back brutally at times. ", "And the only thing interrupting the scrambling of your insides caused by the full rage of the engine is the gearbox.", "\n\nI moaned about it earlier, but finally now I’m at full throttle and leaving the shifts until the 8500rpm redline, it makes sense. ", "Any other time it’s clunky as hell, but right now the seven-speed sequential ‘box is banging home each gear with racecar-like aggression and effectiveness. ", "Every shift thunders through my body.", "\n\nAs the age of big, multi-cylindered, naturally-aspirated engines draws to a close, this 6.5 serves as an extremely potent swansong. ", "The word is the V12 will be allowed to live on thanks to electrification, but this might be the last time we see it in this thrilling state of purity.", "\n\nThere’s a relentlessness to it every time you fully open the throttle, and yes, the sound - once you’re above 3000rpm and the exhaust flaps are open - is deliriously good. ", "It’s a toss up between this and the current Ferrari V12 for best exhaust noise, and I’m not sure I can pick a winner - there’s a huge distinction between the two, and each delights the ears in different ways. ", "While the Ferrari screams, the Lamborghini howls.", "\n\nAnd then, of course, we have to talk about the way it looks. ", "The classic supercar wedge shape, it’s a feast of bold lines and angry vents, and it all looks superb in this Diablo SE30-style purple. ", "Driving the Aventador is like a public service: wherever you go, people both young and old adore this car.", "\n\nAs the light starts to draw in and I trundle through a surprisingly busy village, I can hear a commotion. ", "Dozens of tiny shouts and whoops coming from just behind the car. ", "Then I realise, I’m passing a school, and the kids are going absolutely nuts over the sight and sound of this purple vision of madness. ", "I then, of course, pull both paddles to put it in neutral and give it a few revs, causing an even greater ruckus. ", "Perhaps we need a few more Aventadors on the road to guarantee the next generation of petrolheads.", "\n\nAs a national speed limit sign and a suitably squiggly piece of tarmac looms into view, it’s time for one last blast before the less-than-comfortable cruise home. ", "And it’s bucket list-spec stuff. ", "Partly because the way the Aventador S feels when driven hard is made all the more satisfying as pottering around at normal speeds is so arduous. ", "You feel like you’ve earned the joyous, visceral experience when you do actually have space to open the taps a little.", "\n\n\"Driving the Aventador S at any speed is - for good and bad - a proper, memorable experience\"\n\nAll of this makes me wonder if manufacturers are going the right way by making supercars you can do your daily commute in. ", "Shouldn’t you have to work for that performance? ", "Don’t you want reminding that the mid-engined monster living on your driveway isn’t a Ford Focus, even when you’re driving around normally?", "\n\nWhen I gazed upon the cars adorning my bedroom walls as a kid - the likes of the Ferrari F40, Mclaren F1 and yes, the Diablo - I couldn’t care less what they’d be like while bimbling down to shops to get a pint of milk. ", "I wanted to know how hard they’d pin you back in your seat. ", "How it would sound having many cylinders exploding just behind your ears. ", "How different it would feel to the tatty Peugeot 405 diesel my dad drove back then.", "\n\nIt’s here that the Aventador S differentiates itself from all supercars but the exotic, ultra-limited multi-million quid stuff from companies like Koenigsegg and Pagani. ", "Driving it at any speed is - for good and bad - a proper, memorable experience. ", "It feels otherworldly. ", "Set apart from all other cars." ]

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[ "OK, I know it isn't kosher, but what is the shiur? ", "And do we hold \"chetzi shiur assur min haTorah\"?", "\nFor an application, what if you get a cut while hiking in the woods; is it assur to clean the wound with your mouth? (", "am I absolutely disgusting to even think to do this? ", "It seems quite natural...)\n\nWhat about if you bite your tongue or cheek; are you required to soak up the blood with a napkin until it stops bleeding? ", "Spit out any blood you might taste?", "\n\nI also received an answer from a doctor, who said that saliva was actually very bad for cleaning a wound, as it could introduce all sorts of bacteria. ", "So I will certainly stop that practice!", "\n–\nJeremyJun 1 '10 at 13:23\n\nI'm pretty sure it is kosher. ", "Why do you assume the other way?", "\n–\nDouble AA♦Dec 14 '11 at 23:41\n\nHuman blood is prohibited because of Maris Ayin, it is not even strictly speaking a \"Rabbinic prohibition\". ", "As such there is, I believe, no concept of tam k'ikkar (the taste is like the forbidden substance). ", "As such while it is prohibited to eat bread which has blood from one's gums on it, such blood would not impart a forbidden taste to utensils. (", "Shulchan Aruch, Yoreh Deah 66:10)\"\n\nAs mentioned, blood from one's gums isn't a problem unless it leaves one's mouth in which case it looks like one is eating blood and is prohibited due to ma'aris ayin.", "\n\nSince tam/taste is not the issue it is possible that it is not a problem to suck blood from a wound when once spits it out immediately. ", "Obviously if there is a real sakana it is permitted. ", "I'll try to find sources that deal with it more directly.", "\n\nIt is interesting to note the discussion as to the kosher status of human flesh. ", "The Torah Ladaat has an article on this on parashat shemini. ", "He brings the Rambam (perek 2 of maachalot assurot, halacha 3):\n\nThe Ritva and the Ran (Ketuvot 60a) agree with the above ruling as does the Rama (יו''ד ס' עט:א). ", "Raavad, Tosafot, Rosh, Ramban, Rashbah disagree, that there isn't an עשה prohibition מדאורייתא (unsourced in Torah Ladaat).", "\n\nThe Torah Ladaat then describes the subsequent question of human derivatives e.g. blood and breast milk. ", "He says that even according to those who permit it there is a mitzvah of 'prisha' and it is considered an abomination to eat it. ", "He then sites the Pri Hadash who disagrees in the aspect of prisha, but I am unsure whether this refers only to breast milk, or human blood as well (didn't look up that source)." ]

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