Datasets:

tomekkorbak

/

pii-pile-chunk3-1100000-1150000

like 0

[ "Ernesto Borel\n\nErnesto Borel (1 January 1889 – 5 October 1951), was an Italian professional footballer who played as a forward.", "\n\nAs a footballer, Borel first played for Juventus and was the first Juve player to score in the Derby della Mole. ", "On 14 November 1909, Borel scored a brace for Juve in a 2-0 win in the first ever Derby d'Italia. ", "He briefly played in France with AS Cannes, before returning to Italy with A.S.D. La Biellese.", "\n\nPersonal life\nErnesto is the father of Aldo and 1934 World Cup winner Felice Borel, who were both professional footballers who played for Juventus.", "\n\nReferences\n\nExternal links\n MyJuve Profile\n\nCategory:1889 births\nCategory:1951 deaths\nCategory:Sportspeople from Turin\nCategory:Italian footballers\nCategory:Serie A players\nCategory:Juventus F.C. players\nCategory:AS Cannes players\nCategory:Association football forwards\nCategory:Italian expatriate footballers\nCategory:Italian expatriate sportspeople in France\nCategory:Expatriate footballers in France" ]

{ "pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)" }

[ 0.007874015748031496, 0.02608695652173913, 0.02040816326530612, 0.02127659574468085, 0.013422818791946308, 0 ]

[ "Transplantation of hepatocytes: elimination of recipient natural killer cells with irradiation and bone marrow reconstitution prevent early graft dysfunction.", "\nTransplanted isolated syngeneic and allogeneic hepatocytes rapidly disintegrate, irrespective of the origin or the site of engraftment namely spleen, liver, portal vein, peritoneum, or subcutaneous tissues. ", "Although various methods have been applied to attenuate this reaction, none have been found effective. ", "We applied a combined protocol consisting of administration of anti-asialoGM1 antiserum (eliminating NK cells), sublethal whole-body irradiation, and reconstitution with syngeneic bone marrow cells to intrasplenic hepatocyte transplantation and 3 consecutive partial hepatectomies. ", "This method overcame the early disintegration of grafted hepatocytes. ", "Ninety days after transplantation numerous hepatocyte clusters and dilated bile canaliculae, occupying two thirds of the spleen, were observed, with some hepatocytes adhering to the bile ducts forming Hering's canals. ", "Mitotic figures were noticed. ", "There were no recipient mononuclear infiltrates around the hepatocyte clusters." ]

{ "pile_set_name": "PubMed Abstracts" }

[ 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0.0045871559633027525, 0.03333333333333333, 0 ]

[ "Brenda, I have made transpaarent grids for my overhead by using transparencies\nin the zerox maghine. ", "You might want to try that before you buy some. ", "I used\na serox copy of a grid -black lines on white zerox paper- and then slipped the\ntransparencies in the hand fed tray. ", "Worked great.", "\nBetsy\n\nbrenda robson wrote:\n\n> I was interviewing last year at a high school and I visited the art class.", "\n> They were drawing each other by holding up little clear grids like the one\n> Durer used. ", "I know Dick Blick sells a large one but does anyone know" ]

{ "pile_set_name": "Pile-CC" }

[ 0.009900990099009901, 0, 0, 0, 0.018867924528301886, 0, 0.017857142857142856 ]

[ "Now that news of the Phones4u collapse has begun to settle, details are starting to emerge about how customers will be affected. ", "The good news is that the company has said that it will honour existing contracts, but it has also confirmed that people who pre-ordered the new iPhone 6 or 6 Plus last week will miss out on getting their new smartphones, at least from them. ", "In a statement shared with the Huffington Post UK, Phones4u noted that \"any orders that have not already been dispatched will be cancelled and any payments refunded to customers.\" ", "Phones4u has yet to ship any devices to customers and its online store has already been replaced with a sad-looking page full of support line phone numbers. ", "Customers who ordered last Friday will now need to place their order again with a different retailer, but they'll be placed at the back of the queue as Apple's official delivery times begin to slip." ]

{ "pile_set_name": "OpenWebText2" }

[ 0, 0, 0.011111111111111112, 0.006369426751592357, 0.005050505050505051 ]

[ "There is a growing trend nowadays to utilize hydrogen as a fuel or as a working fluid. ", "The main process component in the production, delivery and utilization of hydrogen is a machine for compressing hydrogen. ", "Quite promissing is the type of compressors in which reversible intermetallic hydrites are used for thermochemical compression of hydrogen. ", "This method of compression of hydrogen rids of a whole number of intermediate steps in the whole production cycle \"thermal energy--compressed gaz\", which improves the efficiency of the compression. ", "Compression, according to this method is effected by means of special apparatus called thermal absorption compressors. ", "Normally, a thermal absorption compressor (see, for instance, the SU Pat. ", "No. ", "389667 comprises a generator-sorber in the form of a vessel with an extended heat exchange surface. ", "The vessel contains a solid sorbent in the form of a fine-pulverulent material with a capacity to absorb or desorb the adsorbent, i.e. hydrogen, depending on the heat flux sense. ", "Cooling or heating of the sorbent to cause the sorbtion or desorbtion process is done either with electric heaters or a convection heat exchanger in direct contact with the fine-grain material contained in the vessel. ", "The feed and removal of the hydrogen is effected by means of a gas distribution mechanism of the valve type associated with the generator-sorber.", "\nFor the purpose of stabilization of the main parameters of the flow of the hydrogen being compressed (the pressure and temperature) the existing thermal absorption compressors comprise several generator-sorbers. ", "As a rule, the maximum number of the generator-sorbers is to suffice to ensure the flow of the desorbed hydrogen at substantially constant parameters. ", "However, the increased number of the generator-sorbers, for example, exceeding five, results in a larger size and greater weight of the compressor. ", "In addition, this also leads to increased consumption of the sorbent which is a relatively expensive material. ", "The other known types of the thermal absorption compressors operate in a similar manner and differ from one another solely in the arrangement of their heat exchange surfaces relative to the sorbent.", "\nThe object of this invention is to provide a compact thermal absorption compressor ensuring stabilized parameters of the hydrogen flow in the delivery pipe.", "\nAnother object of the invention is to provide a thermal absorption compressor ensuring a higher efficiency with the same quantity of the sorbent." ]

{ "pile_set_name": "USPTO Backgrounds" }

[ 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0.013513513513513514, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0 ]

[ "[The efficacy and safety of PAD and VAD regimens for untreated multiple myeloma].", "\nTo compare the efficacy and adverse effects of bortezomib + adriamycin + dexamethasone (PAD) and vincristine + adriamycin + dexamethasone (VAD) regimens in untreated multiple myeloma (MM). ", "There were 26 and 28 new diagnosed MM patients in PAD and VAD groups. ", "Both clinical effects and adverse effects were observed. ", "Patients accepted VAD or PAD regimens for 2 - 4 cycles and followed up for 7 - 27 months. ", "There were 10, 5 and 11 patients accepted 2, 3 and 4 cycles in PAD group, and 6, 11 and 11 in VAD group. ", "In PAD group, there were 2, 14, 9, 1 and 0 patients achieved complete remission (CR), very good partial remission (VGPR), partial remission (PR), stable disease (SD) and progressive disease (PD); in VAD group, the number were 0, 4, 12, 10 and 2. ", "The rate of patients who achieved good efficacy (CR + VGPR) in PAD group was 61.5%, which was higher than that in VAD group (14.3%). ", "The incidences of infection and gastrointestinal symptoms were similar in the two groups, while the incidences of peripheral neuropathy, thrombosis and Herpes Zoster infection in PAD group were higher than those in VAD group. ", "Compared with the conventional VAD chemotherapy, PAD may improve CR and VGPR rates in new diagnosed MM, while it may bring more and severer toxicities in peripheral neuropathy, thrombosis and Herpes Zoster infection. ", "Preventive medical care is necessary in PAD protocol." ]

{ "pile_set_name": "PubMed Abstracts" }

[ 0.024691358024691357, 0.010526315789473684, 0.04285714285714286, 0, 0.022222222222222223, 0.01904761904761905, 0.012195121951219513, 0.022556390977443608, 0.01327433628318584, 0.02304147465437788, 0 ]

[ "A sermon 20 years ago paved way for ministry in Cuba\n\nMay 14, 2014\n\nPastor Victor Manuel translates for John Bender, minister of education at First Baptist Church in Center, and Mike Brister, leader of Stepstones Ministry International, during their visit to his congregation, First Baptist Church in Baire, Cuba.", "\n\nEducation Minister John Bender and Mike Brister, former youth minister at the church and now leader of Stepstones Ministry International, travelled to Cuba after a trip Bender made to Cuba two decades ago continued to produce spiritual fruit.", "\n\nJohn Bender, minister of education at First Baptist Church in Center, returned to Cuba after first preaching there 20 years ago. ", "His church plans to help First Baptist Church in Baire, Cuba, in its program of training Christian leaders. ", "Bender’s initial invitation to Cuba developed from his relationship with a church in Guadalajara, Mexico, even though he was new to ministry.", "\n\n“I think I probably only had about four sermons,” he recalled.", "\n\nWhile the other Americans on the team worked primarily in the city and stayed in a motel there, Bender and a Mexican pastor journeyed to a rural village. ", "Rather than commute back and forth each day, Bender decided to stay in the village.", "\n\n“I didn’t know how big a deal that was—that the American was ‘going to stay in my house.’ ", "To me, it wasn’t anything—I was saving gas money. ", "But to them it was huge,” he said.", "\n\n‘If you died tonight, where would you spend eternity?’", "\n\nHe preached about 35 times that week in various house churches and Bible schools. ", "One man attended one of those services at the persistent urging of his mother. ", "After the service, he returned to his job as a bartender, but a short time later, he witnessed a terrible car wreck outside the entrance to the bar. ", "When he saw the cars and the people involved, he recalled Bender asking, “If you died tonight, where would you spend eternity?”", "\n\nHe rushed back to his mother’s village, spoke with the pastor there and made a profession of faith in Christ.", "\n\nThat man, Victor Manuel, now a pastor and a national Baptist leader in Cuba, contacted Bender about 18 months ago through a pastor in Miami.", "\n\n“We work with churches to help them move either across the street or to the international setting in missions. ", "We’re just trying to mobilize the local church for a global impact,” he explained.", "\n\nA call to ministry\n\nGod began calling him to the ministry while he still was youth minister at First Baptist Church in Center, Brister said. ", "He asked how youth could hear a call to missions service without any exposure to it. ", "His ministry now exposes both youth and adults to missions in Tennessee, Guatemala and Haiti. ", "Soon, Cuba apparently will be added to the list.", "\n\nCuban children participate in a “happy hour”—a children’s ministry First Baptist Church in Baire, Cuba, offers at several locations in its community.", "Stepstones not only educates churches about the biblical mandate for missions, but also trains them in cultural differences about the places they will minister, including some language training.", "\n\n“The ultimate goal is to link them with a missionary they can work with, support and encourage,” Brister said.", "\n\nBender and Brister found a vibrant ministry at First Baptist Church in Baire, Cuba, where Manuel is pastor. ", "They took part in four services with 400 to 500 people attending each, from a community of about 6,000.", "\n\nThe church also is engaged in children’s ministry at several locations scattered about the community each week. “", "He calls them ‘happy hours’—that name probably wouldn’t work here,” Bender quipped.", "\n\nThe church owns a camp where it conducts a retreat ministry. ", "Bender hopes to use the camp for a leadership retreat in September, and Brister hopes to take a team of adults next February to lead a children’s camp.", "\n\nCuba restricted religious practice after the communist revolution of 1959, but Baptists maintained a presence in the country.", "\n\n“The Baptist church has already been established, and they already have communication with the government. ", "It’s a good relationship and they are growing churches,” Bender said.", "\n\nA need for more training\n\nWhile the government has loosened its restrictions on religion since 1992, Baptist pastors recognize the newfound freedom led to an increase in false teaching.", "\n\nConsequently, they consider it imperative to provide greater training for their leaders so they can make stronger Christian disciples.", "\n\nBoth Bender and Brister noted surprises in their experience with churches in Cuba.", "\n\n“The Cubans were more Americanized than we anticipated. ", "Some of the songs we sang on Sunday mornings there, we haven’t even sung on Sunday morning here—Chris Tomlin and Vineyard music,” Bender said.", "\n\nCuba also is more developed than rural areas of Guatemala and Haiti, Brister added.", "\n\nThey were impressed by Manuel’s congregation’s ministry, as well.", "\n\n“The church is doing things right. ", "They are training leaders and putting them in position. ", "They just need some extra encouragement,” Brister said.", "\n\nSolving the problem of getting to Cuba\n\nThe greatest difficulty is travel to Cuba, the men acknowledged. ", "Cuban documentation was easy, they said, but the U.S. paperwork is more complicated. ", "Because of that, some choose to fly from the United States to Canada or other neighboring countries to enter Cuba, but both men said they were uncomfortable with the ethics of that workaround.", "\n\nThey eventually travelled to Cuba under the auspices of a U.S. ministry licensed by the American government to take volunteers there. ", "Stepstones is in the process of securing its own license.", "\n\nCuba will be a good place for the congregation to experience international missions at a more reasonable cost than many overseas trips—about $2,000, Bender said.", "\n\n“We have a Spanish mission that meets here; we have an African mission that meets here; and we have our Burmese mission, but we’re not really active with them,” he said.", "\n\n“This would be one place where I think the body could go. ", "It’s really safe. ", "This would be a place where our congregation can know, ‘I can go across the street, but I also have a place I can go fairly cheaply, where I don’t have to be a theological student, but I can bring encouragement.’”", "\n\nA year of prayer\n\nOn their trip to Cuba, Brister learned the Baire congregation had just completed a year of praying for people they knew who had not made a profession of faith in Jesus Christ.", "\n\n“We had numerous people come to us after services or during the day and say: ‘I’ve been praying and I’ve been sharing Christ with some friends and family, and they’ve not yet become believers. ", "Would you come and share with them one more time?’ ", "That was highly encouraging to me—to see people so passionate to see their friends and family come to Christ,” Brister said." ]

{ "pile_set_name": "Pile-CC" }

[ 0.01597444089456869, 0.01639344262295082, 0.015267175572519083, 0.009259259259259259, 0, 0, 0.00641025641025641, 0.012048192771084338, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0.007874015748031496, 0, 0.014084507042253521, 0, 0, 0.013986013986013986, 0, 0, 0, 0.006622516556291391, 0, 0.008928571428571428, 0.02727272727272727, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0.006622516556291391, 0, 0, 0.014492753623188406, 0, 0, 0.023809523809523808, 0, 0.02112676056338028, 0.011764705882352941, 0.014925373134328358, 0, 0, 0.01818181818181818, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0.006134969325153374, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0.008064516129032258 ]

[ "Q:\n\nCreate a mapper function in python\n\nCreate a mapper that reads in the lines of counts the words in each line and then returns the (key,value) pairs for those word counts. ", "\nI don't know what to write inside this function\n def file_mapper(filename)\n\nA:\n\ndef file_mapper(filename):\n with open(filename+'.txt','r') as file:\n return {c:len(e.split(' ')) for c,e in enumerate(file.read().split(\"\\n\"))}\n\nTry this. ", "Line numbering starts at zero\n\n" ]

{ "pile_set_name": "StackExchange" }

[ 0, 0, 0 ]

[ "Prognostic implications of cytogenetic aberrations in diffuse large B-cell lymphomas.", "\nA single institution series of 81 consecutive, cytogenetically analyzed, diffuse large B-cell lymphomas (DLBL), the majority of which treated with anthracycline-containing combination chemotherapy, were reviewed retrospectively to investigate whether the karyotypic pattern or certain abnormalities correlate with survival. ", "Clonal chromosome changes were found in 79 of the 81 cases. ", "The prognostic impact of the following aberrations, all suggested in previous studies to be associated with either shorter or longer survival, were tested: 1q21-23 breakpoints, +2/dup(2p), +3/dup(3p), +5, +6, 6q21-25 breakpoints, monosomy 7/der(7p)/i(7q), trisomy 7, 14q11-12 breakpoints, monosomy 17/der(17p)/i(17q), trisomy 18, > 4 marker chromosomes, > 4 breakpoints, and > or = 10 abnormalities. ", "Univariate analysis showed that a breakpoint at 1q21-23 or trisomy 6 was associated with a shorter survival. ", "However, when adjusted for age, stage, performance status and lactate dehydrogenase level, none of the cytogenetic aberrations had an independent prognostic value. ", "Thus, the present investigation provides no support for any of the above-mentioned abnormalities being of prognostic importance in DLBL." ]

{ "pile_set_name": "PubMed Abstracts" }

[ 0, 0, 0, 0.005, 0, 0, 0.007352941176470588 ]

[ "National News\n\nPennsylvania student proves you could buy ingredients for a WMD on Amazon\n\nby Michael Daly\n\nAs of Sunday night, you could still order the easy-to-mix ingredients for a weapon of mass destruction on Amazon.com.", "\n\nThen Amazon apparently got word of the January 24 arrest of 19-year-old Vladislav Miftakhov in Pennsylvania under Title 18, Section 2716 subsection A of the state penal code. ", "That is the provision regarding “unlawful possession of manufacture of Weapons of Mass Destruction.”", "\n\nA WMD!", "\n\nWith those three letters, a small town bust suddenly became big news. ", "The fact that the suspect is a Russian national raised the specter of some variation on theBoston Marathon bombing. ", "Miftakhov does not sound all that different from Tsarnaev to the American ear.", "\n\nAnd the criminal complaint reported that when asked how he obtained the components, Miftakhov told police he had “purchased all the items on Amazon approximately three weeks ago and constructed them in his room.”", "\n\nThe ingredients prominently included a pound of what was listed in the complaint as “atomized magnesium 100-200 mesh” and a pound of “potassium perchlorate Chinese.” ", "Both proved to be indeed available on Amazon.com in one-pound lots for just a few dollars on Sunday night.", "\n\nWho knew?", "\n\nBut come Monday morning, attempts to call up either item on Amazon.com brought the message “Looking for something? ", "We’re sorry. ", "The Web address you entered is not a functioning page on our site.” ", "Amazon did not respond to a request for comment.", "\n\nMeanwhile, Miftakhov pleaded not guilty at his arraignment and was consigned to the Blair County jail, unable to post the $500,000 cash bail. ", "He allegedly told police that he had been experimenting with various mixtures of flash powder, the stuff that gives firecrackers their bang. ", "He is said to have constructed at least two devices, complete with fuses.", "\n\n“Miftakhov stated his intent was to set the devices off in a remote field and did not intend on ‘blowing anything up,’” the complaint reports.", "\n\nWOR 710 is an iHeartRadio Station\n\n[{\"id\":2590389,\"url\":\"http:\\/\\/www.wor710.com\\/onair\\/len-berman-and-todd-schnitt-in-the-morning-55864\\/\",\"title\":\"Tune In Every Weekday To Len Berman and Todd Schnitt In The Morning!\",\"description\":\"\"}]" ]

{ "pile_set_name": "Pile-CC" }

[ 0.017857142857142856, 0.011299435028248588, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0.01282051282051282, 0.009345794392523364, 0, 0.009433962264150943, 0, 0.008547008547008548, 0, 0, 0.020833333333333332, 0.006944444444444444, 0, 0, 0.006944444444444444, 0.0125 ]

[ "Drinking and Oral Health: Alcohol Resistant Bacteria\n\nEven if you brush and floss, alcohol use can still affect your oral health.", "\n\nReading Time: 2 minutes\n\nJust like your gut, your mouth contains both good and bad bacteria.", "\n\nAnd new research has found that people who commonly drink every day have more bad bacteria and less good bacteria.", "\n\nThe study, which was published in the science journal Microbiome, examined the impact of alcohol on 1,044 adults ages 55 through 87. ", "The group was comprised of 270 nondrinkers, 614 moderate drinkers and 160 heavy drinkers.", "\n\nParticipants were asked to provide spit samples which were analyzed by researchers. ", "Specifically, the study found that drinkers had more Bacteroidales, Actinomyces and Neisseria species of bacteria, all of which are potentially harmful. ", "Drinkers also had fewer Lactobacillales, a type of bacteria that reduces gum inflammation.", "\n\nEven worse, alcohol consumption is a known risk factor for multiple types of cancer, liver disease and cardiovascular disease.", "\n\nDoes Alcohol Kill Bacteria?", "\n\nIt’s a myth that drinking alcohol can improve your health in terms of killing bacteria. ", "As the study indicated, alcohol can indeed affect bacteria, but not in a positive way.", "\n\nThink of your body’s bacteria as a living thing with a delicate balance of good and bad bacteria. ", "Alcohol throws that balance off in a way that is potentially damaging to good oral health.", "\n\nAlcohol Addiction Treatment at The Raleigh House\n\nHeavy alcohol use doesn’t just affect oral health; it can also be detrimental to your mental and overall health. ", "Once you can’t control your alcohol use, despite negative consequences, it’s time to seek help.", "\n\nAt The Raleigh House in Denver, Colorado, we take a whole-person approach to recovery. ", "That means we don’t just get the alcohol out of your system. ", "We work with you to help you recover psychologically, mentally, spiritually and socially, as well. ", "Rehab isn’t just about giving something up; it’s about getting your life back. ", "Fill out our form or contact us today to learn more about the alcohol addiction treatment program at The Raleigh House." ]

{ "pile_set_name": "Pile-CC" }

[ 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0.011111111111111112, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0.006060606060606061, 0, 0.011235955056179775, 0, 0, 0, 0.008403361344537815 ]

[ "Q:\n\nHow do I write data to a HABTM association of a HABTM join table in CakePHP?", "\n\nI'm trying to save data with following structure: \nAs you can see, there is HABTM association between users and experiences table. ", "And another HABTM between experiences_users and tags. ", "I created following form:\n<?", "php echo $form->create('Experience', array('action' => 'addClassic'));?", ">\n <?", "php\n echo $form->input('Experience.date', array('dateFormat' => 'DMY'));\n echo $form->input('Experience.time', array('timeFormat' => '24', 'empty' => array(-1 => '---'), 'default' => '-1'));\n echo $form->input('Experience.name');\n echo $form->input('ExperiencesUser.1.note');\n echo $form->input('ExperiencesUser.1.rating'); \n //echo $form->input('Tags.", "Tags', array('multiple' => 'multiple', 'options' => $tags));\n //echo $form->input('ExperiencesUser.1.Tags', array('multiple' => 'multiple', 'options' => $tags));\n //echo $form->input('ExperiencesUser.1.Tags.", "Tags', array('multiple' => 'multiple', 'options' => $tags));\n echo $form->input('ExperiencesUser.1.confirmed', array('type' => 'hidden', 'value' => '1'));\n\n echo $form->input('ExperiencesUser.1.user_id', array('type' => 'hidden'));\n echo $form->input('ExperiencesUser.2.user_id', array('type' => 'hidden'));\n ?", ">\n<?", "php echo $form->end(__('Add', true));?", ">\n\nAnd everything works well. ", "saveAll method creates new Experience, assings this new experience to two users (via experiences_users) and sets the stuff around.", "\nWhat bothers me is that I want to assign some Tags to newly created experiences_users record (to the first one). ", "I thought, that should be done via some of the commented stuff. ", "Every line of this commented code creates form and sends data to $this->data, but it never gets saved.", "\nSo my question is: What is the right syntax of $this->data or $form->input in my example to save data into experiences_users_tags? ", "\n\nA:\n\nI figured it out. ", "Cake saveAll function works only for directly associated models. ", "Luckily Cake is able to take care of this:\nview\necho $form->input('Tags.", "Tags', array('multiple' => 'multiple', 'options' => $tags));\n\ncontroller\n$this->Experience->saveAll($data, $parameters);\n$this->Experience->ExperiencesUser->save($data);\n\nCake after calling saveAll() fills $this->data with last inserted id. So second call save() will save data to the right table and set properly foreign keys.", "\n\n" ]

{ "pile_set_name": "StackExchange" }

[ 0.025, 0.007462686567164179, 0.018518518518518517, 0, 0.014084507042253521, 0, 0.005405405405405406, 0, 0, 0, 0.02631578947368421, 0, 0.007692307692307693, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0.013888888888888888, 0, 0 ]

[ "Asymmetrical hemisphere activation enhances global-local processing.", "\nDecades of research focusing on the neurophysiological underpinnings related to global-local processing of hierarchical stimuli have associated global processing with the right hemisphere and local processing with the left hemisphere. ", "The current experiment sought to expand this research by testing the causal contributions of hemisphere activation to global-local processing. ", "To manipulate hemisphere activation, participants engaged in contralateral hand contractions. ", "Then, EEG activity and attentional scope were measured. ", "Right-hand contractions caused greater relative left-cortical activity than left-hand contractions. ", "Participants were more narrowly focused after left-hemisphere activation than after right-hemisphere activation. ", "Moreover, N1 amplitudes to local targets in the left hemisphere were larger after left-hemisphere activation than after right-hemisphere activation. ", "Consistent with past research investigating hemispheric asymmetry and attentional scope, the current results suggest that manipulating left (right) hemisphere activity enhanced local (global) attentional processing." ]

{ "pile_set_name": "PubMed Abstracts" }

[ 0, 0, 0, 0, 0.017857142857142856, 0, 0, 0, 0 ]

[ "Job Snapshot\n\nJob Description\n\nJoin us on our exciting journey! ", "IQVIA™ is The Human Data Science Company™, focused on using data and science to help healthcare clients find better solutions for their patients. ", "Formed through the merger of IMS Health and Quintiles, IQVIA offers a broad range of solutions that harness advances in healthcare information, technology, analytics and human ingenuity to drive healthcare forward.", "\n\nAs a Senior Technical Consultant, you will be responsible for the on-time completion of service delivery, managed services, or implementation-oriented client projects. ", "You will be required to participate and lead the team in the design, development and delivery of technology and service-based projects or components of larger, complex projects. ", "Other key responsibilities include:\n\nReviewing and analysing client requirements and problems\n\nProposes and delivers cost effective solutions to clients\n\nPerforms qualitative and quantitative analyses to assist in the identification of client issues and develop client specific solutions\n\nDesigns, structures and deliver reports and presentations to the clients\n\nProactively develops a broader and deeper knowledge of technology and services solutions and identify trends for the pharmaceutical/healthcare/life sciences market\n\nAbility to manage work streams, assigning tasks and driving them to completion.", "\n\nAssisting with business development activities\n\nProvide leadership to our customers and develop partnerships approach to support our customers\n\nAbout you:\n\nYou are an experience Technical Consultant in the health industry with strong leadership capabilities, who has managed projects of all sizes, has an excellent track record in managing customer expectations and has exceptional communication skills and motivation to succeed. ", "Other key skills will include:\n\nAt least ten to twelve years of post-undergraduate experience OR eight to ten years of post-MBA experience\n\nExperienced with developing consultative relationships with senior level managers and executives at clients in the pharmaceutical/healthcare/life sciences industry\n\nFor further information regarding this or any other vacancies we have at IQVIA please visit IQVIA.com.au\n\nWe know that meaningful results require not only the right approach but also the right people. ", "Regardless of your role, we invite you to reimagine healthcare with us. ", "You will have the opportunity to play an important part in helping our clients drive healthcare forward and ultimately improve human health outcomes. ", "Whatever your career goals, we are here to ensure you get there! ", "We invite you to join IQVIA™" ]

{ "pile_set_name": "Pile-CC" }

[ 0, 0.00684931506849315, 0.009345794392523364, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0.03571428571428571 ]

[ "Monday, July 25, 2011\n\nMy Choice of Outfit of the week - Light Pink Nautical\n\nThis week's Outfit of the Week goes go Kristin from A Longenecker Story Short! ", "I love how feminine this nautical outfit looks. ", "If I had this striped top and navy blazer, I would immediately pair it with white, red, or yellow (classic nautical colors). ", "However, I would have never thought to pair it with a girly light pink skirt like Kristin. ", "I love how her skirt twirls! ", "Good job Kristin!" ]

{ "pile_set_name": "Pile-CC" }

[ 0.012738853503184714, 0, 0, 0.01098901098901099, 0, 0.058823529411764705 ]

[ "The ignition-typed candle in the prior art is cheap, but having hidden safety troubles. ", "There are pluralities of commercial electronic candles, wherein most adopt plastic bodies, and a few adopt wax bodies with monotonic patterns and colors, thus difficult in diversifying the patterns and colors on one body. ", "The illuminator of conventional electronic candle is mounted on the wick without lights originated from the body, thus failed to better present the engraved style and shape with lights, especially, even failed to exhibit the aesthetic look of body with sparks in the darkness." ]

{ "pile_set_name": "USPTO Backgrounds" }

[ 0, 0, 0 ]

[ "Introduction {#S0001}\n============\n\nBipolar disorder (BD) is a chronic condition associated with structural alterations in the prefrontal cortex (PFC),[@CIT0001]--[@CIT0003] which is a region implicated in the regulation of mood and participates in working memory, attention and many other executive functions.[@CIT0004],[@CIT0005] Alterations in PFC morphometry are related to clinical manifestations,[@CIT0003],[@CIT0006]-[@CIT0008] treatment[@CIT0002],[@CIT0009] and genetic variants in BD patients.[@CIT0010],[@CIT0011] Among these characteristics, the risk allele of rs1006737 polymorphism in the *CACNA1C* gene is of particular interest because it is associated with a positive effect in grey matter (GM) density.[@CIT0010],[@CIT0012],[@CIT0013]\n\n*CACNA1C* is a gene that encodes for the transmembrane α~1C~ subunit of the L-type voltage-gated calcium channel (LTCC) nominated Ca~V~1.2, which facilitate transient activation of inward calcium that regulates the transcription of calcium-dependent genes with neurotropic functions such as brain-derived neurotrophic factor (*BDNF*).[@CIT0010],[@CIT0014] A single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) of *CACNA1C* has been associated with BD with genome-wide significance, the risk variant consists in the presence of the A allele of rs1006737.[@CIT0014]--[@CIT0016] This variant was also associated with increased GM density in the prefrontal, anterior cingulate, temporal, insular, parietal and occipital cortexes of healthy subjects.[@CIT0010] BD patients who carry the risk allele had been reported with increased GM density in the right amygdala, right hypothalamus, bilateral caudate nucleus, insula, globous pallidus, and frontal pole compared to those without it.[@CIT0012],[@CIT0017] A recent analysis of 117 BD Brazilian patients associated the risk A allele with greater cortical thickness measures in PFC.[@CIT0018] However, these studies used heterogenic samples that included patients treated with different medications which are a known cause of brain morphometric changes.[@CIT0009]\n\nAmong the treatments for BD, mood stabilizers are medications with antimanic, antidepressant and prophylactic properties.[@CIT0019] Lithium carbonate and valproate salts are two of the most prescribed medications of the group,[@CIT0020],[@CIT0021] both treatments alter the structure of the brain in different ways.[@CIT0003],[@CIT0009],[@CIT0022] Lithium has been reported to have a positive effect on GM density in different studies.[@CIT0022]--[@CIT0025] Abramovic et al found that BD type I lithium-free patients showed smaller total brain, thinner cortex in the left superior frontal and precuneus regions, right precentral, superior and inferior parietal areas, and supramarginal occipital regions compared to patients treated with lithium.[@CIT0022] A latter work by Li et al found increased cortical thickness in the left rostral middle prefrontal cortex and right superior frontal cortex of euthymic BD patients treated with lithium compared to those treated with valproate.[@CIT0002] Some other studies have also reported cortical thinning associated with valproate use in the temporal and occipital cortexes of BD patients.[@CIT0026]--[@CIT0028]\n\nAlthough both treatments and *CACNA1C* risk allele rs1006737 had been described to alter GM in the PFC individually, the effect of each one is not clear because most studies analyzed the genetic variant in patients with different pharmacological treatments. ", "Since brain structure results from the interaction of genetics and environmental factors;[@CIT0029],[@CIT0030] it is important to study this phenomenon considering both characteristics. ", "None of the previous studies about CT and *CACNA1C* risk allele rs1006737 have analyzed a possible interaction with mood stabilizers, nor included Mexican subjects. ", "Hence, we aimed to evaluate the effect and interaction of lithium and valproate treatment and risk A allele of rs1006737 in the cortical thickness measures of the prefrontal cortex of Mexican patients with type I bipolar disorder.", "\n\nPatients and Methods {#S0002}\n====================\n\nParticipants {#S0002-S2001}\n------------\n\nWe conducted a cross-sectional comparative study of 40 bipolar disorder type I (BDI) outpatients from the Affective Disorders Clinic of the National Institute of Psychiatry in Mexico City. ", "Our sample included 20 BDI euthymic subjects on treatment with lithium paired by sex and age with 20 BDI euthymic subjects treated with valproate.", "\n\nEligible subjects had to be Mexicans with Mexican parents and grandparents, aged 18 to 65 years, right-handed, without MRI contraindicative conditions and with the ability to provide voluntary informed consent. ", "All participants had BDI diagnosis according to DSM5 criteria[@CIT0031] with a reported diagnostic stability for at least 2 years. ", "We included only patients who had been euthymic at least for 2 months and without hospitalizations in the past 6 months. ", "Suitable subjects had to be on treatment with lithium or valproate without changes for at least 6 months before the study and had no other mood stabilizer, antidepressant or typical antipsychotic. ", "Combinations with atypical antipsychotics and/or benzodiazepines were permitted.", "\n\nThe study was approved by the Institutional Review Board (IRB) committee of the National Institute of Psychiatry \"Ramón de la Fuente Muñiz\". ", "Informed consent was obtained from subjects who participated in the study and the research was conducted according to the Declaration of Helsinki standards.", "\n\nMRI Data Acquisition {#S0002-S2002}\n--------------------\n\nMagnetic resonance images were acquired using a 3.0 Tesla Phillips Ingenia scanner (Koninklijke Philips, Amsterdam, The Netherlands) at the Brain Images Department of the National Institute of Psychiatry \"Ramón de la Fuente Muñíz\" in Mexico City. ", "We used a three-dimensional T1-weighted sequence with acquisition parameters of TR/TE =3.5/7.0 ms, FOV= 240 × 240 mm^2^, matrix size = 240 × 240, flip angle = 8°, slice number = 180, voxel size = 1 × 1 × 1 mm^3^.\n\nMRI Data Analysis {#S0002-S2003}\n-----------------\n\nBrain scans were analyzed using BrainVoyager 20.6 (Brain Innovation, Maastricht, The Netherlands), each scan went through an individual analysis before group analysis of cortical thickness.[@CIT0032] In the preprocessing steps, the anatomical data in DICOM format were transformed to NifTi format using MRIConvert 2.0.7 (Lewis Center for Neuroimaging, University of Oregon, USA) and later was loaded and converted to the BrainVoyager's internal data format. ", "The data were transformed into ACPC and Talairach space, in the following steps we used data in Talairach space. ", "The brain was extracted using the intensity in-homogeneity correction tool that includes background cleaning, brain extraction, white matter detection, and bias field estimation within white matter voxels. ", "We used the automatic cortex segmentation pipeline to obtain the segmented cortical boundaries and surface reconstructions for later use in the cortex-based alignment.[@CIT0033] In preparation for the advanced segmentation we resampled the anatomical data to 0.5 mm iso-voxels using sync interpolation, subcortical structures and cerebellum were removed using a mask and tissue contrast was enhanced using a sigma filter. ", "Next, we used the advanced segmentation tools for the automatic segmentation of the white matter-grey matter border, the grey matter--cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) border and to polish the calculated borders.[@CIT0034]\n\nOnce we concluded the segmentation process a cortical thickness analysis of each subject was performed, BrainVoyager (BV) uses the Laplace method for these calculations.[@CIT0034] In preparation to measure the cortical thickness of our groups, we performed a cortex-based alignment. ", "This procedure consists of morphing a spherical representation of each hemisphere and subject,[@CIT0035] using as an input the reconstructed folded cortical representations obtained in the segmentation process. ", "The spherical representations were later aligned as a group. ", "To accomplish the objective of our study we performed a region of interest (ROI) alignment using the Brodmann areas (BA) atlas of each hemisphere provided by BV,[@CIT0036] among these BAs we selected the brain regions that represent the dorsolateral and orbitofrontal portions of the PFC. ", "The selected areas were the BA9 (dorsolateral prefrontal cortex), BA10 (anterior prefrontal cortex), BA11 (orbitofrontal cortex) and BA46 (dorsolateral prefrontal cortex), as [Figure 1](#F0001){ref-type=\"fig\"} shows. ", "We obtained cortical thickness measures of each subject at each BA and exported the data for further analysis.", "Figure 1Regions of interest in the right prefrontal cortex. ", "The colored zones show the anatomical localization of the selected Brodmann areas: dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (BA9), anterior prefrontal cortex (BA10), orbitofrontal cortex (BA11) and dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (BA46).**Notes:** Olive green: dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (BA9). ", "Yellow: anterior prefrontal cortex (BA10). ", "Orange: orbitofrontal cortex (BA11). ", "Mint: dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (BA46).**Abbreviations:** BA, Brodmann area; BA9, Brodmann area number 9; BA10, Brodmann area number 10; BA11, Brodmann area number 11; BA46, Brodmann area number 46.", "\n\nGenotyping {#S0002-S2004}\n----------\n\nDNA was extracted from whole blood using the Flexigene DNA kit (Qiagen, Minneapolis, MN, USA). ", "Genotyping of polymorphism rs1006737 was performed with the fluorogenic 5 exonuclease method using the TaqMan C_2584015_10 assay (Applied Biosystems, Foster City, CA, USA). ", "The final volume was 7 µL with the following reaction conditions: 100 ng DNA, 2.5 µL TaqMan Master Mix, 2.367 µL water for PCR, and 0.125 µL 20x probe. ", "The amplification and allelic discrimination were performed on StepOne real-time PCR systems SDS v.2.1 software (Applied Biosystems, Foster City, CA, USA).", "\n\nStatistical Analysis {#S0002-S2005}\n--------------------\n\nData were analyzed with the software STATA 13.0 (StataCorp. ", "2013. ", "Stata Statistical Software: Release 13. ", "College Station, TX: StataCorp LP) and GraphPad Prism version 8.0 for Mac OS (GraphPad Software, La Jolla California USA). ", "The normal distribution of variables was assessed with the Skewness and Kurtosis test. ", "Continuous variables with normal distribution were compared with Student's *t*-test; in the case of non-normal distribution, the variables were compared with the Mann--Whitney *U-test*. ", "The association between categorical variables was assessed using the χ2 test or the Fisher exact test as appropriate.", "\n\nFor the analysis of cortical thickness (CT) interaction with mood stabilizers and risk allele rs1006737 of the *CACNA1C* gene, we used a two-way multivariate analysis of covariance (MANCOVA) with age and sex as covariates. ", "The dependent variables of the model were the CT measures of the selected ROIs (BA9, BA10, BA11, BA46) and the independent variables were the presence of risk A allele rs1006737 and lithium or valproate treatment. ", "We evaluated each hemisphere separately since the analysis of BV is conducted likewise and used eta squared (η^2^) to report effect size for each factor and interaction. ", "For the post hoc analysis, we used analysis of covariance (ANCOVA) adjusted by age and sex.", "\n\nResults {#S0003}\n=======\n\nOur sample consisted of 32 women and 8 men. [", "Table 1](#T0001){ref-type=\"table\"} shows the characteristics of the sample. ", "We identified 19 carriers of risk A allele (0.47). ", "In the comparative analysis of the lithium vs valproate groups, we found no differences regarding the presence of risk allele, clinical and demographic features ([Table 1](#T0001){ref-type=\"table\"}).Table 1Sociodemographic and Clinical Characteristics of BDI Patients Treated with Lithium or ValproateVariableTotal Sample n=40Lithium n=20Valproate n=20pAge (years), M±SD44.17±8.1744.4±8.4843.95±8.060.864Females, n (%)\\\nMales, n (%)32 (80)\\\n8 (20)16 (80)\\\n4 (20)16 (80)\\\n4 (20)0.653Education (years), M±SD13±3.4712.75±0.8113.76±0.7470.394Illness duration (years), M±SD17.42±8.2115.89± 1.619±2.020.229Antipsychotic, n (%)22 (55)11 (55)11 (55)1Benzodiazepine, n (%)19 (47.5)9 (45)10 (50)1*CACNA1C* risk A allele rs1006737 carriers, n (%)19 (0.47)11 (0.55)8 (0.40)0.527[^1]\n\nWe analyzed the effect and interaction of *CACNA1C* risk allele rs1006737 and treatment in the CT measures of the selected ROIs, we performed a two-way MANCOVA of each hemisphere. ", "We tested our variables for normality, linearity, and homogeneity of variance-covariance matrices and found no serious violations of the assumptions for the MANCOVA test with non-significant Box's M test (*p*=0.09).", "\n\nAfter adjusting for age and sex, right hemisphere model reported a main effect of mood stabilizers on CT measures ([Table 2](#T0002){ref-type=\"table\"}). ", "There was no effect of risk allele rs1006737, age and sex; nor interaction between mood stabilizers and risk allele presence on CT measures ([Table 2](#T0002){ref-type=\"table\"}). ", "Since the multivariate model showed no association of sex with CT measures and our subjects were paired by sex and age as part of the design of the study, we conducted no further analysis regarding sex influence on CT measures. ", "The analysis of left hemisphere did not show differences between the independent variables or covariates and CT measures ([Table 2](#T0002){ref-type=\"table\"}).Table 2Multivariate Analysis of the Effect of Mood Stabilizers, *CACNA1C* Risk A Allele rs1006737, Sex and Age on the Prefrontal Cortical ThicknessHemisphereIndependent VariablesWilk's LambdaF-TestpEffect Size (η^2^)RightIntercept0.00371.830.00880.7245Mood stabilizers0.48973.390.04160.1748*CACNA1C* risk A allele rs10067370.58522.300.11360.1256Age0.00991.460.08520.6342Sex0.62131.980.15700.1101Mood stabilizers\\#rs10067370.60322.140.13390.1179LeftIntercept0.02050.980.54390.5848Mood stabilizers0.57722.380.10530.1294*CACNA1C* risk A allele rs10067370.73421.180.36610.0686Age0.03031.010.49320.5453Sex0.75911.030.42780.0604Mood stabilizers\\#rs10067370.89640.380.82200.0231[^2]\n\nFinally, we conducted an ANCOVA post hoc analysis of the right hemisphere CT measures using age and sex as covariates ([Table 3](#T0003){ref-type=\"table\"}). ", "We identified significant differences in the CT of the orbitofrontal cortex showing a higher mean of CT in the group treated with lithium compared with valproate treated group ([Figure 2](#F0002){ref-type=\"fig\"}). ", "The dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (BA9 and BA46) and the anterior prefrontal cortex (BA10) reported no differences between the comparison groups ([Table 3](#T0003){ref-type=\"table\"}).Table 3Comparative Analysis of Cortical Thickness in BDI Subjects Treated with Lithium or ValproateROI Right HemisphereLithium M ± SD (mm)Valproate M ± SD (mm)ANCOVApDorsolateral prefrontal cortex (BA9)2.77 ± 0.302.60 ± 0.25F (3,36) =1.710.1831Anterior prefrontal cortex (BA10)2.85 ± 0.342.65 ± 0.27F (3,36) =2.420.0829Orbitofrontal cortex (BA11)3.23 ± 0.462.86 ± 0.39F (3,36) =3.400.0280Dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (BA46)2.59 ± 0.282.47 ± 0.25F (3,36) =2.420.0823[^3] Figure 2Cortical thickness of regions of interest. ", "Comparative analysis of BDI patients treated with lithium or valproate.**Abbreviations:** BDI, bipolar disorder type I; BA9, Brodmann area number 9 (dorsolateral prefrontal cortex); BA10, Brodmann area number 10 (anterior prefrontal cortex); BA11, Brodmann area number 11 (orbitofrontal cortex); BA46, Brodmann area number 46 (dorsolateral prefrontal cortex); \\**p*\\<0.05.", "\n\nDiscussion {#S0004}\n==========\n\nThe present study used a multivariate analysis of covariance to determine the effect and interaction of lithium and valproate treatment with *CACNA1C* risk allele rs1006737 on cortical thickness measures from the prefrontal cortex of Mexican euthymic BDI patients. ", "To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study to explore the gene variants and treatment interaction effects on this matter.", "\n\nAccording to our analysis, the right prefrontal cortical thickness of our patients was related to mood stabilizers and was not significantly associated with the presence of the *CACNA1C* risk A allele rs1006737. ", "These results are discordant to previous works, where the presence of this risk allele relates to increased GM density and cortical thickness[@CIT0012],[@CIT0018],[@CIT0037] even in healthy subjects.[@CIT0013] There are two characteristics of our study that might explain this discrepancy. ", "First, most of the studies that previously associated risk allele rs1006737 with increased GM in the PFC measured whole-brain volumes or used voxel-based morphometry. ", "We used a CT approach based on the Laplace method and employed specific ROIs of the prefrontal cortex that potentiated the precision of our measures.[@CIT0036] Second, this is the first study to report the effect of *CACNA1C* rs1006737 in the PFC structure of Mexican subjects. ", "Since gene frequencies are different across populations, the effect of this SNP in our sample is different from the reported in other studies. ", "More studies are needed to understand the effect of this genetic variant in bipolar disorder patients.", "\n\nAfter the identification of the main effect of treatment in the multivariant analysis, the post hoc univariate analysis allowed us to identify cortical thickening on the right orbitofrontal cortex related to lithium. ", "The orbitofrontal cortex is implicated in decision making and impulsivity,[@CIT0004] in BD patients orbitofrontal CT is related to executive functioning[@CIT0040] and cortical thinning of this area was associated with suicide attempts in young subjects.[@CIT0038] In light of the previously mentioned, the preservation of the orbitofrontal cortex may play a role in lithium effects on suicidal behavior.[@CIT0039]\n\nThe findings that we present regarding a lithium-related cortical thickening are in agreement with previous works on the effects of lithium and valproate in GM.[@CIT0022],[@CIT0024],[@CIT0025],[@CIT0027] Valproate has been reported to have positive, negative and no effect on GM.[@CIT0002],[@CIT0025] The review by Hafeman found that 17 out of 22 studies of mood stabilizers (including valproate) reported no effect of treatment on brain volumes, whereas the remaining 5 studies showed increased or normalized volume.[@CIT0009] In a large sample of MRI scans, the Enigma Bipolar Disorder Working Group found reduced cortical thickness in the left and right lateral occipital gyrus and right paracentral gyrus associated with antiepileptic treatment.[@CIT0026] Our findings concur with the reduction of cortical thickness associated with valproate in previous papers.[@CIT0025],[@CIT0027]\n\nOn the other hand, a recent meta-analysis which included 15 studies and 854 subjects reported a significantly larger global GM volume in BD patients treated with lithium compared to those without.[@CIT0025] Hafeman et al reported that 45% of the included studies in his review found lithium to either normalize or increase GM volume compared to non-lithium BD patients and healthy subjects.[@CIT0009]\n\nSpecifically, in the PFC, previous studies had replicated these findings. ", "Li et al reported increased CT in the prefrontal cortex of BD patients on lithium compared to the ones on valproate,[@CIT0002] and the Enigma Bipolar Disorder Working Group found an increase in CT of PFC regions associated with lithium treatment.[@CIT0026]\n\nAlthough there is still no clear explanation for the effect of this molecule in brain structure, the increase in GM and global brain volumes have been linked with some treatment characteristics.[@CIT0009] Two longitudinal studies have associated GM density to treatment response, Lyoo et al observed a lithium-induced GM increase related to improvement in depressive symptoms.[@CIT0023] The other longitudinal study focused on the PFC and found that GM density was related to treatment response to lithium in patients with bipolar depression.[@CIT0024] In our sample, we included only euthymic patients with no treatment changes in the past 6 months nor hospitalizations, which makes it highly possible that most of our subjects were at least partial responders to lithium. ", "Another characteristic associated with lithium effect over GM is the duration of treatment. ", "Sani et al reported that BD patients with long exposure to lithium (\\>24 months) had larger hippocampal volumes compared to subjects with a short exposure (\\<24 months).[@CIT0041] Lyoo et al reported that GM lithium-induced increase peaked at 10--12 weeks of treatment and was sustained until the end of the study (16 weeks) while GM density in the group treated with valproate and healthy subjects remain unchanged.[@CIT0023] Even when we did not include in our study time of treatment, our subjects had more than 24 weeks on lithium. ", "Considering the information provided by Lyoo et al,[@CIT0023] we assume that all of our lithium subjects had already passed the peak of GM increase. ", "Nonetheless, we consider that time of exposure to lithium could similarly influence the structure of PFC as reported in the hippocampus[@CIT0041] and further investigations are needed on the topic.", "\n\nThe strengths of our study reside in the careful selection of our patients, with strict selection criteria that allowed us to limit potential confounders like the effect of some medications and affective symptoms. ", "Our paired population helped to deal with the effects of age and sex. ", "Nevertheless, both factors were included in the multivariate analysis as covariates where we found neither was associated with CT. ", "Finally, the technique for CT analysis that we used contributed to finding subtle changes in brain morphometry.", "\n\nWe acknowledge some limitations in our study such as the lack of a control group, a female majority in our subjects and a small sample size. ", "However, it is important to mention that significative associations of a gene variant with brain structure or function can be found with modest sample sizes.[@CIT0042],[@CIT0043] The reason for this, relays on a principle of imaging genetics which states that \"brain structure, chemistry and function is closer to gene function than trait differences in overt behavior.", "\"[@CIT0043] Because of this close relationship, large effects of a single gene can be expected, and sample size can be modest without compromising statistical power.[@CIT0042]--[@CIT0044] Despite the previously mentioned, we consider that larger studies are needed in the field, and the results that we present must be replicated in a bigger and more balanced sample before generalizing the findings to all patients.", "\n\nConclusion {#S0005}\n==========\n\nOur results suggest that *CACNA1C* risk allele rs1006737 is not associated with prefrontal CT in BD Mexican patients treated with lithium or valproate, it seems that in our sample the mood stabilizers were the main agent influencing the structure of a region implicated in the regulation of mood and behavior. ", "Among the analyzed ROIs, the right orbitofrontal cortex reported lithium-related CT increase which is consistent with previous reports. ", "In BD patients, the CT of the orbitofrontal cortex is associated with executive functions[@CIT0040] and suicide attempts.[@CIT0038] Hence, the conservation of the analyzed region is crucial for patient's clinical outcomes. ", "The findings in our study contribute to a better understanding of the effect of *CACNA1C* risk allele rs1006737 and mood stabilizers over the structure of PFC.", "\n\nThis study was funded by CONACyT-FOSISS, project number 261459 and Cátedras CONACyT number 1683.", "\n\nDisclosure {#S0006}\n==========\n\nThe authors report no conflicts of interest in this work.", "\n\n[^1]: **Abbreviation:** BDI, bipolar disorder type I.\n\n[^2]: **Note:** Mood stabilizers\\#rs1006737, interaction between mood stabilizers and *CACNA1C* risk A allele rs1006737.", "\n\n[^3]: **Abbreviations:** ROI, region of interest; M, mean; SD, standard deviation; BA, Brodmann area.", "\n" ]

{ "pile_set_name": "PubMed Central" }

[ 0.014434180138568129, 0.010752688172043012, 0, 0, 0.010526315789473684, 0.0136986301369863, 0, 0.015267175572519083, 0, 0, 0, 0.027972027972027972, 0, 0.013029315960912053, 0.004132231404958678, 0.008849557522123894, 0, 0.002369668246445498, 0.008, 0.004739336492890996, 0, 0.0034482758620689655, 0, 0.00909090909090909, 0, 0.003472222222222222, 0, 0, 0.02403846153846154, 0.022222222222222223, 0.011560693641618497, 0.019736842105263157, 0.01935483870967742, 0.008333333333333333, 0, 0, 0.04065040650406504, 0.022988505747126436, 0.010752688172043012, 0.017094017094017096, 0, 0, 0.0058823529411764705, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0.005252100840336135, 0.004651162790697674, 0, 0, 0, 0.0010070493454179255, 0, 0.0014144271570014145, 0.018518518518518517, 0.0033444816053511705, 0, 0, 0.017241379310344827, 0.005988023952095809, 0.01079136690647482, 0.006993006993006993, 0, 0, 0.01348314606741573, 0.012596899224806201, 0.010869565217391304, 0.009328358208955223, 0.020134228187919462, 0.005076142131979695, 0, 0, 0.007633587786259542, 0, 0, 0.005420054200542005, 0.007211538461538462, 0.0029069767441860465, 0.007352941176470588, 0.013452914798206279, 0, 0.01020408163265306, 0, 0.011299435028248588, 0.028846153846153848, 0 ]

[ "The theory of Diakonoff and Piotrovsky regarding the existence of a separate state of Urartu in the territory of modern Armenia can be now considered completely false. ", "Artak Movsisyan’s documentary is just a tiny drop in the ocean of information confirming the identity of Armenia with Urartu.", "\n\nThe false theory of Diakonoff and Piotrovsky was proven inconsistent by the results of excavations carried out continuously on the territory of the entire Armenian Upland as well as the results of genetic analyses obtained and published on leading scientific resources. ", "Additionally, the data of deciphered cuneiform inscriptions is another strong proof.", "\n\nOne of those indisputable inscriptions was found on the Behistun rock, which was compiled by the order of the Persian king Darius in three languages – ancient Persian, Elamite, and Akkadian.", "\n\nIn this inscription, the Armenian country is mentioned three times under different names – Urartu, Armin, and Arminuya – depending on the language.", "\n\nThe theory of Diakonoff and Piotrovsky asserts that the three above-mentioned states were not the same entity. ", "If you were to wrap your head around the theory, you would realize that those countries existed simultaneously on the same territory!", "\n\nThere is also data that sheds some light on who ordered the deliberately falsified theory and how it was written. ", "This is known from the memoirs of Dyakonov, in which he described how the Persian poet Nizami became an Azerbaijani in the Soviet history. ", "We have already covered this topic in “article name + url”\n\nIn the past, that false theory managed to spread all over the world, and today, the Kingdom of Van is more known as Urartu.", "\n\nMoreover, there are many people, among them Armenians and those engaged in history on a professional level, who adhere to the false theory despite all the arguments and evidence. ", "That’s probably because those historians have been paid for the publication of the false data. ", "Subsequently, they do not intend to admit the fallacy of the theory and prevent the truth from becoming known.", "\n\nThe “The Kingdom of Ararat-Urartu” documentary tells about the ancient Kingdom of Van in detail. ", "The film was created on the basis of studies conducted by a wide range of specialists. ", "The film is in Armenian, but you could use out the available subtitles in English.", "\n\nTHE KINGDOM OF ARARAT – URARTU\n\n«ԱՐԱՐԱՏ-ՈՒՐԱՐՏՈՒ ԹԱԳԱՎՈՐՈՒԹՅՈՒՆԸ» (Ամբողջական տարբերակ)\n\nЦАРСТВО АРАРАТ – УРАРТУ" ]

{ "pile_set_name": "OpenWebText2" }

[ 0.017857142857142856, 0.016, 0.007352941176470588, 0, 0.005208333333333333, 0.020134228187919462, 0.017699115044247787, 0, 0, 0.007194244604316547, 0.00546448087431694, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0.008771929824561403 ]

[ " NOT RECOMMENDED FOR FULL-TEXT PUBLICATION\n File Name: 05a0388n.06\n Filed: May 12, 2005\n\n Nos. ", "02-5828; 02-5872\n\n UNITED STATES COURT OF APPEALS\n FOR THE SIXTH CIRCUIT\n\nUNITED STATES OF AMERICA, )\n )\n Plaintiff-Appellee, )\n )\n v. ) ON APPEAL FROM THE UNITED\n ) STATES DISTRICT COURT FOR\nNOE O. RAMIREZ, and VICTOR ) THE EASTERN DISTRICT OF\nMEDELLIN, ) TENNESSEE\n )\n Defendants-Appellants. ", " )\n )\n )\n\n\nBEFORE: KEITH, and CLAY, Circuit Judges; O’MEARA*\n\n\n DAMON J. KEITH, Circuit Judge. ", "Each of the Defendants, Noe O. Ramirez and Victor\n\nMedellin, appeals his conviction or sentence arising out of a multiple-count indictment in relation\n\nto a federal and state investigation of the organized distribution of cocaine and marijuana in the\n\nEastern District of Tennessee. ", "More specifically, Ramirez contends that the district court committed\n\nreversible error during the trial when it erroneously admitted testimonial hearsay by a government\n\nwitness. ", "In a separate appeal, Medellin initially argued that, in sentencing him for conspiracy, the\n\ndistrict court failed to make specific findings of fact as to the amount of drugs directly attributable\n\n\n\n *\n The Honorable John Corbett O’Meara, United States District Judge for the Eastern\nDistrict of Michigan, sitting by designation.", "\n\n Page 1 of 14\n\fto him. ", "As a result of Blakely v. Washington, 124 S.Ct. ", "2531 (2004), Medellin has supplemented\n\nhis argument on this issue and now asserts that he had a right to have the jury, not the district court,\n\nmake specific findings of fact as to the amount of drugs involved in the conspiracy that are directly\n\nattributable to him. ", "For the reasons that have been set forth below, we AFFIRM both Ramirez’s\n\nconviction and sentence and Medellin’s sentence.", "\n\n I. BACKGROUND\n\n The convictions in this case arose out of a joint investigation by the Tennessee Bureau of\n\nInvestigation (“TBI”) and the Federal Bureau of Investigation concerning the distribution of cocaine\n\nand marijuana by a large organization operating in three counties within the Eastern District of\n\nTennessee. ", "The primary supplier of illegal narcotics to the organization was Manrique Reynoso.", "\n\nReynoso distributed cocaine and marijuana to Jaime Benitez, among others. ", "Benitez, in turn,\n\nsupplied these drugs to the Defendants, Ramirez and Medellin, as well as other distributors. ", "In the\n\ncourse of the investigation, agents participated in at least fifty drug transactions and either seized\n\nor intercepted at least twelve kilograms of cocaine, 2500 pounds of marijuana, and over $330,000.00\n\nin cash. ", "When drug shipments arrived, they were divided and stored in “stash houses.” ", "Other\n\nhouses, including Medellin’s home, functioned as distribution points. ", "Law enforcement agents\n\nsurveilled the movement of drugs from these different locations. ", "In addition, undercover agents and\n\nconfidential informants followed and consummated drug deals with suspected suppliers and\n\ndistributors. ", "According to TBI Agent Jim Williams, during one of these transactions, Benitez told\n\nWilliams that Benitez and his distributors (which included Ramirez and Medellin) sold one kilogram\n\nof cocaine every three days.", "\n\n\n\n\n Page 2 of 14\n\f On June 15, 2001, agents executed nineteen search warrants and arrested thirty-seven\n\ndefendants who were charged in three indictments. ", "On September 25, 2001, a grand jury issued a\n\nforty-four count superseding indictment against Ramirez, Medellin, and seven other co-defendants.", "\n\nRamirez, Medellin and two co-defendants were subsequently tried before a jury beginning on\n\nFebruary 28, 2002. ", "Approximately one week later, on March 6, 2002, all four individuals were\n\nconvicted.", "\n\n A. Noe O. Ramirez’s Case\n\n Ramirez’s involvement in this drug conspiracy includes, among other things, events that\n\noccurred on May 14, 2001, resulting in his arrest. ", "On the basis of wiretapped conversations,\n\ninvestigating agents believed that Benitez and Ramirez were planning to transfer drugs from one\n\nlocation to another on that day. ", "The agents set up surveillance at locations that had been designated\n\nas “stash houses,” and observed a green car at one of these locations. ", "A short while later, agents\n\nobserved the same vehicle at a different stash house. ", "When the vehicle departed the second stash\n\nhouse, surveillance agents requested the assistance of Deputy Chad Mullins of the Hamblen County\n\nSheriff’s Office in intercepting the car. ", "Initiating his emergency lights, Deputy Mullins attempted\n\nto effect a traffic stop of the vehicle, but the driver refused to stop. ", "A high-speed chase ensued,\n\nduring which Deputy Mullins observed a package being thrown out of a window on the passenger’s\n\nside of the vehicle. ", "After the package was discarded, the vehicle traveled about one additional mile\n\nbefore the car stopped and its occupants scattered. ", "All of the individuals were apprehended,\n\nincluding Ramirez, who was driving the vehicle at the time of the chase. ", "Deputy Mullins also\n\nlocated the package that had been thrown from the vehicle, which was discovered to have contained\n\nthree ounces of cocaine.", "\n\n\n Page 3 of 14\n\f During the trial, several persons testified against Ramirez. ", "Reynoso, the main supplier,\n\ndescribed Ramirez as one of Benitez’s assistants, who regularly accompanied Benitez when they\n\ncame to pick up cocaine and marijuana. ", "Reynoso was able to remember one specific occasion, in\n\nJanuary or February 2000, when Benitez and Ramirez picked up one or two kilograms of cocaine\n\nand twenty pounds of marijuana. ", "Reynoso also testified that Ramirez delivered money for Benitez.", "\n\nReynoso believed that Ramirez was acting on behalf of Benitez.", "\n\n Alejandro Hernandez, another indicted co-conspirator, testified that he sold one to two\n\nounces of cocaine a day, which he ordered from Benitez. ", "According to Hernandez, Ramirez often\n\ndelivered the cocaine after he had ordered it from Benitez, and, in the event that he was unable to\n\nreach Benitez directly, Hernandez would call Ramirez directly for his cocaine supply. ", "Hernandez\n\ntestified that Ramirez delivered cocaine to him on thirty to forty occasions, and that he, Hernandez,\n\nhad been to one of the stash houses to pick up his cocaine. ", "In addition, Armando Dominguez, an\n\nindicted co-conspirator, testified that he sold six to nine ounces of cocaine each week, that he\n\ndelivered cocaine to Benitez, and that he knew that Ramirez was selling cocaine for Benitez.", "\n\n Over Ramirez’s objection, Agent Kevin Keithley testified at trial that surveillance agents\n\nobserved a green car at both of Benitez’s stash houses on the morning of May 14, 2001. ", "Agent\n\nKeithley, however, conceded that he did not witness the car himself.", "\n\n On the basis of the above information, among other evidence, the jury convicted Ramirez\n\non Counts 2 and 5 (distribution and possession with intent to distribute marijuana in violation of 21\n\nU.S.C. § 841(a)(1)) and Count 38 (possession with intent to distribute a controlled substance in\n\nviolation of 21 U.S.C. §§ 841(a)(1), 841(b)(1)(C), and 18 U.S.C. § 2) of the superceding indictment.", "\n\n\n\n\n Page 4 of 14\n\fFollowing his conviction, Ramirez filed a motion for a judgment of acquittal and for a new trial.", "\n\nThe district court denied both of these motions.", "\n\n B. Victor Medellin’s Case\n\n For his part in the conspiracy, Medellin sold cocaine to Jim Williams, the undercover TBI\n\nagent, in three observed and recorded transactions. ", "On July 18, 2000, during the first transaction,\n\nAgent Williams had planned to meet Alejandro Cortez, one of Medellin’s co-defendants, at\n\nMedellin’s house in order to purchase an ounce of cocaine. ", "According to Williams, Cortez was not\n\nthere when he arrived, so Medellin telephoned Cortez to inform him that Williams wanted an ounce\n\nof cocaine. ", "Immediately following his conversation with Cortez, Medellin instructed Williams to\n\ngo to Cedar Hill Road in Hamblen County, where he could purchase an ounce of cocaine from\n\nCortez.", "\n\n During the second transaction, on August 8, 2000, Williams again went to Medellin’s home,\n\nwhere he expected to meet Cortez and to purchase two ounces of cocaine. ", "After a short wait, Cortez\n\nand Medellin arrived together. ", "Medellin instructed Cortez to take Williams to the back of the house\n\nto do the deal.", "\n\n The third transaction occurred on August 14, 2000, when Williams called Cortez’s cellular\n\ntelephone and Benetiz answered. ", "Williams placed an order for two ounces and was instructed to\n\nproceed to Medellin’s home. ", "When Williams arrived, Medellin was outside working on his truck.", "\n\nAfter waiting a while, Medellin went inside to call Benitez. ", "After he was unable to reach Benitez,\n\nMedellin asked Williams how much cocaine he needed. ", "In light of the fact that Williams had been\n\nwaiting for quite some time, Medellin offered to sell him two ounces of cocaine on Benitez’s behalf.", "\n\nMedellin stressed to Williams that he was still Cortez’s customer. ", "As Williams was leaving\n\n\n Page 5 of 14\n\fMedellin’s residence following this initial transaction, surveillance agents at Benitez’s residence\n\ncontacted Williams and notified him that Benitez was en route to Medellin’s home. ", "Williams then\n\ninstructed a confidential informant accompanying him to telephone Benitez and tell him that they\n\nhad not been able to wait and had gone ahead and purchased two ounces from Medellin, but that\n\nthey needed another ounce. ", "Benitez directed them to meet him at an Exxon station in Morristown,\n\nTennessee, where Benitez later sold Williams another ounce. ", "During this later recorded transaction,\n\nBenitez informed Williams that the cocaine he had purchased from Medellin and Cortez had come\n\nfrom him and that they both worked for him.", "\n\n Cortez testified that he obtained, from Benitez, ounce packages of cocaine that he sold on\n\na weekly basis. ", "Cortez and Medellin were friends, and he believed that Medellin also obtained his\n\ncocaine from Benitez. ", "Dominguez, who also testified against Ramirez, said that he knew that\n\nMedellin was one of several people who helped Benitez sell cocaine. ", "Hernandez, another person\n\nwho testified against both Ramirez and Medellin, admitted that he purchased cocaine from Medellin\n\non two occasions. ", "On both occasions, Hernandez purchased from Medellin because Benitez was\n\nout of cocaine.", "\n\n Reynoso identified Medellin as one of those individuals who sometimes accompanied\n\nBenitez when he came to pick up cocaine. ", "Medellin also came several times on his own to get\n\ncocaine and marijuana, receiving one ounce of cocaine, and usually between five and nine ounces\n\nof marijuana. ", "Reynoso did not know Medellin’s customers and never witnessed him sell drugs.", "\n\n The jury convicted Medellin on Count 5 (distribution and possession with intent to distribute\n\ncocaine in violation of 21 U.S.C. § 841(a)(1)), Count 14 (use of a telephone to facilitate the\n\ndistribution of a controlled substance in violation of 21 U.S.C. § 843(b)), Counts 15 and 20\n\n\n Page 6 of 14\n\f(distribution of cocaine in violation of 21 U.S.C. § 841(a)(1) & § 841(b)(1)(C)), and Count 19\n\n(aiding and abetting the distribution of cocaine in violation of 21 U.S.C. §§ 841(a)(1), 841(b)(1)(C)\n\nand 18 U.S.C. §2). ", "After he was found guilty, Medellin filed a motion for a judgment of acquittal\n\nand for a new trial. ", "The district court denied both of these motions.", "\n\n C. Sentencing\n\n Following the issuance of his respective Presentence Investigation Report (“PSR”), Ramirez\n\nand Medellin each filed separate objections to the PSR.1 Medellin objected to his PSR, questioning\n\nthe quantity of cocaine attributed to his involvement in the conspiracy. ", "The Probation Officer\n\nresponded that the quantity of cocaine reflected in the PSR was based upon the jury’s verdict\n\nconvicting Medellin of conspiracy to distribute over five kilograms of cocaine. ", "At the sentencing\n\nhearing, the district court gave Medellin an opportunity to reassert his objection regarding the\n\namount of cocaine properly attributable to him. ", "After the government argued against the objection,\n\nhowever, counsel for Medellin conceded that “there [was] no need for an evidentiary hearing. . .", "\n\n. [", "W]e ask the court to sentence him at the low end of the range of 121 months.” ", "Joint Appendix\n\n(“J.A.”) at 165-66.", "\n\n On June 10, 2002, the district court sentenced Medellin to 121 months on Counts 5, 15, 19,\n\nand 20, and 48 months on Count 14, to be served concurrently. ", "On June 17, 2002, the district court\n\nsentenced Ramirez to 121 months on Counts 2, 5, and 38, to be served concurrently. ", "The\n\nDefendants timely filed separate appeals.", "\n\n II. ", "DISCUSSION\n\n\n\n\n 1\n Ramirez’s objections are not at issue in this appeal.", "\n\n Page 7 of 14\n\f In appealing his conviction and sentence, Ramirez asserts the district court erred by failing\n\nto exclude testimonial hearsay by Agent Keithley. ", "Medellin, however, contests only his sentence\n\nfor conspiracy, which he contends violated his constitutional rights because it was not based upon\n\nspecific factual findings that the entire amount of drugs alleged in the conspiracy was properly\n\nattributable to him. ", "We address each of these arguments in turn.", "\n\n A. Ramirez’s Appeal\n\n Ramirez asserts that: (1) the testimony of Agent Keithley was hearsay; (2) the testimony was\n\nadmitted over the objection of the defendant; (3) the United States did not urge at the time of the\n\nobjection that such evidence was only for background; (4) the district court gave no limiting\n\ninstruction; and (5) under such circumstances, the admission of this testimony violated Federal Rule\n\nof Evidence 802 and the Sixth Amendment to the United States Constitution. ", "The government\n\nargues, in response, that Agent Keithley’s representations at trial do not constitute hearsay in that\n\nhe submitted the contested information merely as background information to set the scene of the\n\nincident that led to Ramirez’s arrest. ", "In addition, the government contends that the admission of the\n\ncontested statements amounts to, at best, harmless error in light of the other evidence submitted\n\nagainst Ramirez.", "\n\n We review the district court’s evidentiary decisions for an abuse of discretion and “only\n\nreverse when such abuse of discretion has caused more than harmless error.” ", "McCombs v. Meijer,\n\nInc., 395 F.3d 346, 358 (6th Cir. ", "2005). “", "A district court abuses its discretion when it relies on\n\nclearly erroneous findings of fact, when it improperly applies the law, or when it employs an\n\nerroneous legal standard.” ", "United States v. Cline, 362 F.3d 343, 348 (6th Cir. ", "2004).", "\n\n\n\n\n Page 8 of 14\n\f Ramirez correctly asserts that testimonial hearsay that places him at the scene of known drug\n\nstash houses is barred by the Sixth Amendment absent a showing that the declarant was unavailable\n\nand that Ramirez had a prior opportunity to cross-examine. ", "The Confrontation Clause of the Sixth\n\nAmendment provides that “[i]n all criminal prosecutions, the accused shall enjoy the right . . . ", "to be\n\nconfronted with the witnesses against him.” ", " U.S. Const. ", "amend. ", "VI. ", " In addressing the\n\nConfrontation Clause, the Supreme Court recently held that where testimonial hearsay is at issue,\n\n“the Sixth Amendment demands what the common law required: unavailability and a prior\n\nopportunity for cross-examination.” ", "Crawford v. Washington, 124 S.Ct. ", "1354, 1374 (2004).", "\n\n In this case, Ramirez objected to Agent Keithley’s trial testimony during the following\n\nexchange:\n\n Government: And you were part of that [May 14, 2001,] surveillance?", "\n Keithley: Yes, I was.", "\n Government: And did you see anyone in particular that day?", "\n Keithley: I myself did not, but other surveilling agents did.", "\n Government: And did that surveillance result in the traffic stop of Garcia, Rubio\n Cruz and Mr. Ramirez?", "\n Keithley: Yes, it did.", "\n Government: And were they surveilled at Roddy Drive that day?", "\n Ramirez: Objection. ", "Your Honor, this officer has testified that he didn’t see\n them there.", "\n The Court: Well, you have to pick it up on - - what’s the question that you’re\n objecting to?", "\n Government: My question, your Honor, was were they surveilled at the Roddy\n Drive address.", "\n Ramirez: In other words, did somebody see them there. ", "He said he didn’t.", "\n The Court: Well, let him answer what the question is, and we’ll find out. ", "I don’t\n know what’s coming, it’s a proper question. ", "What’s the answer?", "\n Keithley: Surveilling agents identified a green four-door vehicle at Sartain\n Springs Road on May 14, at 2001 in the morning. ", "That same vehicle\n was later identified at Roddy Drive later on that morning. ", "At\n approximately 11:00 a.m. surveilling agents identified that same\n green vehicle leaving the Roddy Drive residence, and then the traffic\n stop ensued after a fairly lengthy pursuit.", "\n Ramirez: Your Honor, again I would object and move to strike that testimony.", "\n\n Page 9 of 14\n\f The Court: Okay. ", "Let the record show that he has made it.", "\n\nUpon our examination of the above exchange, we agree with Ramirez that Agent Keithley’s\n\ntestimony was hearsay.2 Agent Keithley conceded that at the time of the surveillance, he did not see\n\nRamirez at the stash houses. ", "Rather, he asserted, other surveilling agents were present and they\n\nidentified Ramirez at those locations. ", "Therefore, Agent Keithley is relating an out of court statement\n\nfrom other surveilling agents. ", "Furthermore, the out of court statement was offered to prove the truth\n\nof the matter asserted, that the vehicle that Ramirez was driving was identified at two different stash\n\nhouses on the morning of the day he was apprehended.", "\n\n Moreover, applying the standard announced by this court in United States v. Cromer, 389\n\nF.3d 662 (6th Cir. ", "2004), we also conclude that Agent Keithley’s statements were testimonial in\n\nnature. ", "While in Crawford the Supreme Court declined to “spell out a comprehensive definition of\n\n‘testimonial,’” 124 S.Ct. ", "at 1374, this court determined in Cromer that the proper inquiry is “whether\n\na reasonable person in the declarant’s position would anticipate his statement being used against the\n\naccused in investigating and prosecuting the crime,” 389 F.3d at 675. ", "Applying the Cromer\n\nstandard, we have no doubt that the surveillance agent(s) who informed Keithley that Ramirez’s\n\nvehicle had been identified at the stash houses did so with the anticipation that the statements would\n\nbe used against Ramirez in the investigation. ", "Thus, we conclude that the out of court statement\n\nmade by the surveillance agents constituted testimonial hearsay that was admitted into evidence\n\nthrough Agent Keithley.", "\n\n\n\n\n 2\n We recognize that in objecting to Agent Keithley’s testimony Ramirez did not\nspecifically use the term “hearsay,” but in light of the full context of the exchange during trial,\nwe conclude that it was plainly evident that the basis of his objection was for hearsay purposes.", "\n\n Page 10 of 14\n\f Although we find the district court’s introduction of Keithley’s testimonial hearsay violated\n\nCrawford because there was no showing that the declarant(s) was unavailable and Ramirez did not\n\nhave a prior opportunity to cross-examine the declarant(s), we nonetheless agree with the\n\ngovernment that the admission of this testimony was harmless. “", "We will vacate a jury’s verdict\n\nbased on a district court’s erroneous admission of hearsay evidence only if the testimony’s\n\nadmission amounted to more than harmless error.” ", "Field v. Trigg County Hosp., ", "Inc., 386 F.3d 729,\n\n736 (6th Cir. ", "2004); see United States v. Trujillo, 376 F.3d 593, 611 (6th Cir. ", "2004) (concluding that\n\n“the district court’s admission of the hearsay statements constituted harmless error”). ", "In applying\n\nthe harmless error standard, we will reverse if we “lack[] a ‘fair assurance’ that the outcome of a trial\n\nwas not affected by evidentiary error.” ", "Beck v. Haik, 377 F.3d 624, 635 (6th Cir. ", "2004).", "\n\n In the present case, Ramirez was convicted of two counts of conspiracy to possess with intent\n\nto distribute a controlled substance and one count of possession with intent to distribute a controlled\n\nsubstance on May 14, 2001. ", "Deputy Mullins testified that when he attempted to effect the traffic\n\nstop, the vehicle pulled off to the right shoulder, slowed down but never stopped and then took off\n\nagain traveling approximately eight to ten miles before pulling over into a yard. ", "After the occupants\n\nexited the vehicle, a back-up officer caught and restrained the passenger, while Deputy Mullins\n\ncuffed the driver, who he identified as Ramirez. ", "Deputy Mullins further testified that he observed\n\nthe occupants of the vehicle discard a package out of the passenger-side window during his pursuit.", "\n\nOnce he secured Ramirez, he returned to the location where the package had been discarded and\n\nretrieved it. ", "The package contained three ounces of cocaine.", "\n\n In addition to the testimony of Deputy Mullins, several of Ramirez’s co-conspirators testified\n\nagainst him. ", "Reynoso described him as one of Benitez’s assistants, testified that he delivered money\n\n\n Page 11 of 14\n\ffor Benitez, and specifically recounted that he accompanied Benitez to pick up one or two kilograms\n\nof cocaine and twenty pounds of marijuana in January or February 2000. ", "Hernandez testified that\n\nRamirez often delivered cocaine to him, and had done so on thirty to forty occasions.", "\n\n In light of the other overwhelming evidence against Ramirez, we conclude that the\n\nerroneously admitted hearsay evidence did not affect the outcome of his case. ", "The contested\n\ntestimonial hearsay of Agent Keithley merely places Ramirez at two stash houses on the day of his\n\narrest. ", "The significance of this testimony pales in comparison to the other substantial evidence\n\nintroduced against Ramirez at trial. ", "Accordingly, we find the district court’s admission constituted\n\na mere harmless error and we affirm Ramirez’s conviction and sentence.", "\n\n B. Medellin’s Appeal\n\n In his appeal, Medellin argues that he should be sentenced only for the quantity of cocaine\n\nthat he personally sold to undercover agents. ", "He initially contended that the district court failed to\n\nconduct a foreseeability analysis in determining the drug amounts for which he should be held\n\nresponsible for purposes of sentencing. ", "In light of the Supreme Court’s decision in Blakely v.\n\nWashington, 124 S.Ct. ", "2531 (2004), Medellin now submits that such a foreseeability analysis would\n\nhave to be conducted by a jury under a beyond-a-reasonable-doubt standard. ", "In the aftermath of\n\nUnited States v. Booker, 125 S.Ct. ", "738 (2005), we agree with Medellin’s general argument that a\n\ndefendant’s sentence must be based upon facts either found by a jury or to which he concedes. ", "We,\n\nhowever, need not dwell long upon Medellin’s complaint in this case because our review of the\n\nrecord reveals that he was charged in the indictment, found guilty by the jury, and sentenced by the\n\ndistrict court for having conspired to distribute five kilograms or more of cocaine.", "\n\n\n\n\n Page 12 of 14\n\f In his brief, Medellin argues that “while the conspiracy in this case might have involved five\n\nor more kilograms of cocaine, the trial evidence and the Presentence Report filed in this case only\n\nconnected [him] to 429.8 grams of cocaine.” ", "Appellant Medellin’s Br. ", "at 13. ", "Medellin further\n\nasserted in his brief that the sentencing guidelines required the district court to make “particularized\n\nfindings” that he could foresee the other drug amounts involved in the conspiracy. ", "Id. at 14. ", "In a\n\nletter of July 19, 2004, Medellin supplemented his earlier argument and now contends that pursuant\n\nto Blakely the foreseeability analysis formerly conducted by the district court would now “have to\n\nhave been conducted by a jury operating under a reasonable doubt standard.”", "\n\n We need not explore the legal underpinnings of Medellin’s argument. ", "For even if we agree\n\nwith his claim, the application of those principles to this case does not advance his cause on appeal.", "\n\nFirst, the indictment charged Medellin with having conspired to “distribute 5 kilograms or more of\n\n. . . ", "cocaine.” ", "J.A. at 72. ", "Second, the district court properly instructed the jury that it was required\n\nto find that the amount of cocaine alleged in the indictment was attributable to each of the\n\ndefendants, including Medellin. ", "Specifically, the district court instructed the jury that counts five,\n\nsix, and seven of the indictment were alternative counts, and “[c]ount [f]ive alleges a conspiracy\n\ninvolving five kilograms of cocaine.” ", "Id. at 600. ", "The district court also charged the jury that the\n\ngovernment must prove that the defendants (1) knowingly and voluntarily, (2) conspired to distribute\n\ncocaine. ", "Importantly in this appeal, the court directed that the jury “must apply this test to each of\n\nthe defendants separately.” ", "Id. at 602 (emphasis added). ", "Lastly, the district court set the following\n\nparameters with regard to the conspiracy charges: “all members of a conspiracy are responsible for\n\nthe acts committed by other members, as long as they are within the reasonable foreseeable scope\n\nof the agreement,” and “no defendant is responsible for the acts of others that go beyond the fair\n\n\n Page 13 of 14\n\fscope of the agreement as he understood it.” ", "Id. at 605. ", "Subsequently, the jury convicted Medellin\n\non count five of the indictment, and the district court sentenced him to a term of imprisonment of\n\n121 months.", "\n\n There is no dispute that the district court sentenced Medellin within the applicable guideline\n\nrange for possession with the intent to distribute at least five kilograms, but less than 15 kilograms\n\nof cocaine. ", "Inasmuch as the indictment charged Medellin with having conspired to distribute five\n\nkilograms or more of cocaine, the district court instructed the jury that he was responsible only for\n\nthose acts of the conspiracy that were reasonably foreseeable to him, the jury convicted Medellin\n\nof participating in the conspiracy, and the district court sentenced him within the applicable\n\nguideline range, this court finds that Medellin’s asserted error is without merit.", "\n\n Finally, we note that Medellin has not argued pursuant to United States v. Booker, 125 S.Ct.", "\n\n738 (2005), that he is entitled to resentencing by virtue of the fact that the sentencing guidelines are\n\nno longer mandatory. ", "In United States v. Murdock, 398 F.3d 491, 502 (6th Cir. ", "2005), this court\n\ndeclined to consider such an argument where the defendant has failed to raise it.", "\n\n III. ", "CONCLUSION\n\n For the reasons stated above, we AFFIRM Ramirez’s conviction and sentence and Medellin’s\n\nsentence.", "\n\n\n\n\n Page 14 of 14\n\f" ]

{ "pile_set_name": "FreeLaw" }

[ 0.004975124378109453, 0.006361323155216285, 0.016260162601626018, 0.01060070671378092, 0.005555555555555556, 0.005797101449275362, 0, 0, 0, 0.00819672131147541, 0.01084010840108401, 0.012048192771084338, 0.013157894736842105, 0.017857142857142856, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0.023474178403755867, 0, 0, 0.008849557522123894, 0, 0, 0.011560693641618497, 0, 0, 0.005434782608695652, 0.007575757575757576, 0.006896551724137931, 0, 0.008695652173913044, 0.006944444444444444, 0.0078125, 0.018404907975460124, 0.01098901098901099, 0.046875, 0.03125, 0.006493506493506494, 0.02654867256637168, 0.011494252873563218, 0.017699115044247787, 0.015957446808510637, 0, 0.002506265664160401, 0.006289308176100629, 0, 0.0136986301369863, 0.010101010101010102, 0.026845637583892617, 0.01092896174863388, 0.005714285714285714, 0.01694915254237288, 0.023529411764705882, 0.022222222222222223, 0.01098901098901099, 0.015384615384615385, 0.015873015873015872, 0.02197802197802198, 0.013793103448275862, 0.028985507246376812, 0.0149812734082397, 0.00851063829787234, 0.015384615384615385, 0.0111731843575419, 0.008547008547008548, 0.01904761904761905, 0.02158273381294964, 0.006944444444444444, 0.02247191011235955, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0.009009009009009009, 0.005050505050505051, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0.02857142857142857, 0, 0.008264462809917356, 0, 0, 0, 0.009389671361502348, 0, 0, 0.005607476635514018, 0.00784313725490196, 0.00558659217877095, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0.006211180124223602, 0.007352941176470588, 0, 0, 0, 0.25, 0.004032258064516129, 0.029411764705882353, 0, 0.01092896174863388, 0.03225806451612903, 0, 0.014084507042253521, 0.015384615384615385, 0.03125, 0, 0.03225806451612903, 0, 0, 0.008620689655172414, 0.015384615384615385, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0.012987012987012988, 0, 0, 0.011494252873563218, 0.011235955056179775, 0, 0.018018018018018018, 0.009259259259259259, 0.010416666666666666, 0.004366812227074236, 0, 0.011627906976744186, 0.008620689655172414, 0.00398406374501992, 0.011235955056179775, 0.005847953216374269, 0.006734006734006734, 0.007246376811594203, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0.023809523809523808, 0, 0.004219409282700422, 0.003937007874015748, 0.011976047904191617, 0.006666666666666667, 0.009009009009009009, 0, 0.01680672268907563, 0.009345794392523364, 0.009009009009009009, 0.0058823529411764705, 0.01639344262295082, 0.007874015748031496, 0.007407407407407408, 0, 0, 0.01282051282051282, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0.003215434083601286, 0.04, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0.008403361344537815, 0 ]

[ "Q:\n\nSet the default Control Template of a Custom Control without using a Style\n\nI'm looking for a way to more strongly bind the default Control Template of my custom control to the control instead of using a Style. ", "I'll show my simplest example here to explain the need:\n public class UnitTextBox : TextBox\n {\n public string UnitLabel {...}\n public static readonly DependencyProperty UnitLabelProperty =\n DependencyProperty.", "Register(\"UnitLabel\", typeof(string), typeof(UnitTextBox), new PropertyMetadata(\"\"));\n }\n\nThis control just adds an extra string property for a unit label (like millimeters), given the following simple control template derived from TextBox, it puts a unit label within the text box to keep things nice and clean and properly dimensioned:\n <ControlTemplate x:Key=\"UnitTextBoxTemplate\" TargetType=\"{x:Type local:UnitTextBox}\">\n <Border x:Name=\"border\" BorderBrush=\"{TemplateBinding BorderBrush}\" BorderThickness=\"{TemplateBinding BorderThickness}\" Background=\"{TemplateBinding Background}\" SnapsToDevicePixels=\"True\">\n <DockPanel>\n <TextBlock DockPanel.", "Dock=\"Right\" Text=\"{TemplateBinding UnitLabel}\" VerticalAlignment=\"Center\" HorizontalAlignment=\"Right\" Margin=\"8,0,2,0\" Focusable=\"False\" IsHitTestVisible=\"False\" Background=\"Transparent\" Foreground=\"{TemplateBinding Foreground}\"\n FontSize=\"{TemplateBinding FontSize}\" FontStyle=\"{TemplateBinding FontStyle}\" />\n <ScrollViewer x:Name=\"PART_ContentHost\" Focusable=\"False\" HorizontalScrollBarVisibility=\"Hidden\" VerticalScrollBarVisibility=\"Hidden\"/>\n </DockPanel>\n </Border>\n...(triggers)\n </ControlTemplate>\n\nAll of that works wonderfully, however this control is basically still a TextBox, and I have lots of styles for TextBoxes already that I use, so I don't want to use a default style to apply the template:\n <Style TargetType=\"{x:Type local:UnitTextBox}\">\n <Setter Property=\"Template\" Value=\"{DynamicResource UnitTextBoxTemplate}\"/>\n </Style>\n\nDoing the above means that I can't use my RegularTextBox style which works just fine for my UnitTextBox. ", "So instead, every time I wish to add a UnitTextBox I must explicitly specify the template that makes it function properly:\n <ctrl:UnitTextBox Template=\"{DynamicResource UnitTextBoxTemplate}\" UnitLabel=\"mm/min\" \n Style=\"{StaticResource RegularTextBox}\"/>\n\nI've been working with WPF for ages, but I do relatively few custom controls, and have suffered with they Default Style method when I do, but I'm thinking there must be a better way, but google-fu has failed me time and again.", "\nI'm hoping there is some way to assign the template in the constructor/Init routine of UnitTextBox, but I'm struggling to reach the resource dictionary from code; so I'm wondering if there's a more esoteric way to do this.", "\n\nA:\n\nIf you don't want to define a default Style, you may handle the Loaded event in your control class and set the Template property in the event handler.", "\npublic UnitTextBox() : base()\n{\n this.", "Loaded += UnitTextBox_Loaded;\n}\n\nprivate void UnitTextBox_Loaded(object sender, RoutedEventArgs e)\n{\n var res = this.", "FindResource(\"UnitTextBoxTemplate\");\n this.", "Template = res as ControlTemplate;\n}\n\n" ]

{ "pile_set_name": "StackExchange" }

[ 0.009302325581395349, 0.016666666666666666, 0.002894356005788712, 0.004835589941972921, 0.003992015968063872, 0.004484304932735426, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0.02631578947368421 ]

[ "// Copyright 2019 The Druid Authors.", "\n//\n// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the \"License\");\n// you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.", "\n// You may obtain a copy of the License at\n//\n// http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0\n//\n// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software\n// distributed under the License is distributed on an \"AS IS\" BASIS,\n// WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.", "\n// See the License for the specific language governing permissions and\n// limitations under the License.", "\n\n//! ", "The top-level application type.", "\n\nuse std::cell::RefCell;\nuse std::rc::Rc;\nuse std::sync::atomic::{AtomicBool, Ordering};\n\nuse crate::clipboard::Clipboard;\nuse crate::error::Error;\nuse crate::platform::application as platform;\nuse crate::util;\n\n/// A top-level handler that is not associated with any window.", "\n///\n/// This is most important on macOS, where it is entirely normal for\n/// an application to exist with no open windows.", "\n///\n/// # Note\n///\n/// This is currently very limited in its functionality, and is currently\n/// designed to address a single case, which is handling menu commands when\n/// no window is open.", "\n///\n/// It is possible that this will expand to cover additional functionality\n/// in the future.", "\npub trait AppHandler {\n /// Called when a menu item is selected.", "\n #[allow(unused_variables)]\n fn command(&mut self, id: u32) {}\n}\n\n/// The top level application object.", "\n///\n/// This can be thought of as a reference and it can be safely cloned.", "\n#[derive(Clone)]\npub struct Application {\n pub(crate) platform_app: platform::Application,\n state: Rc<RefCell<State>>,\n}\n\n/// Platform-independent `Application` state.", "\nstruct State {\n running: bool,\n}\n\n/// Used to ensure only one Application instance is ever created.", "\nstatic APPLICATION_CREATED: AtomicBool = AtomicBool::new(false);\n\nthread_local! {", "\n /// A reference object to the current `Application`, if any.", "\n static GLOBAL_APP: RefCell<Option<Application>> = RefCell::new(None);\n}\n\nimpl Application {\n /// Create a new `Application`.", "\n ///\n /// # Errors\n ///\n /// Errors if an `Application` has already been created.", "\n ///\n /// This may change in the future. ", "See [druid#771] for discussion.", "\n ///\n /// [druid#771]: https://github.com/linebender/druid/issues/771\n pub fn new() -> Result<Application, Error> {\n if APPLICATION_CREATED.compare_and_swap(false, true, Ordering::AcqRel) {\n return Err(Error::ApplicationAlreadyExists);\n }\n util::claim_main_thread();\n let platform_app = platform::Application::new()?;", "\n let state = Rc::new(RefCell::new(State { running: false }));\n let app = Application {\n platform_app,\n state,\n };\n GLOBAL_APP.with(|global_app| {\n *global_app.borrow_mut() = Some(app.clone());\n });\n Ok(app)\n }\n\n /// Get the current globally active `Application`.", "\n ///\n /// A globally active `Application` exists\n /// after [`new`] is called and until [`run`] returns.", "\n ///\n /// # Panics\n ///\n /// Panics if there is no globally active `Application`.", "\n /// For a non-panicking function use [`try_global`].", "\n ///\n /// This function will also panic if called from a non-main thread.", "\n ///\n /// [`new`]: #method.new\n /// [`run`]: #method.run\n /// [`try_global`]: #method.try_global\n #[inline]\n pub fn global() -> Application {\n // Main thread assertion takes place in try_global()\n Application::try_global().expect(\"There is no globally active Application\")\n }\n\n /// Get the current globally active `Application`.", "\n ///\n /// A globally active `Application` exists\n /// after [`new`] is called and until [`run`] returns.", "\n ///\n /// # Panics\n ///\n /// Panics if called from a non-main thread.", "\n ///\n /// [`new`]: #method.new\n /// [`run`]: #method.run\n pub fn try_global() -> Option<Application> {\n util::assert_main_thread();\n GLOBAL_APP.with(|global_app| global_app.borrow().clone())\n }\n\n /// Start the `Application` runloop.", "\n ///\n /// The provided `handler` will be used to inform of events.", "\n ///\n /// This will consume the `Application` and block the current thread\n /// until the `Application` has finished executing.", "\n ///\n /// # Panics\n ///\n /// Panics if the `Application` is already running.", "\n pub fn run(self, handler: Option<Box<dyn AppHandler>>) {\n // Make sure this application hasn't run() yet.", "\n if let Ok(mut state) = self.state.try_borrow_mut() {\n if state.running {\n panic!(\"Application is already running\");\n }\n state.running = true;\n } else {\n panic!(\"Application state already borrowed\");\n }\n\n // Run the platform application\n self.platform_app.run(handler);\n\n // This application is no longer active, so clear the global reference\n GLOBAL_APP.with(|global_app| {\n *global_app.borrow_mut() = None;\n });\n // .. and release the main thread\n util::release_main_thread();\n }\n\n /// Quit the `Application`.", "\n ///\n /// This will cause [`run`] to return control back to the calling function.", "\n ///\n /// [`run`]: #method.run\n pub fn quit(&self) {\n self.platform_app.quit()\n }\n\n // TODO: do these two go in some kind of PlatformExt trait?", "\n /// Hide the application this window belongs to. (", "cmd+H)\n pub fn hide(&self) {\n #[cfg(target_os = \"macos\")]\n self.platform_app.hide()\n }\n\n /// Hide all other applications. (", "cmd+opt+H)\n pub fn hide_others(&self) {\n #[cfg(target_os = \"macos\")]\n self.platform_app.hide_others()\n }\n\n /// Returns a handle to the system clipboard.", "\n pub fn clipboard(&self) -> Clipboard {\n self.platform_app.clipboard().into()\n }\n\n /// Returns the current locale string.", "\n ///\n /// This should a [Unicode language identifier].", "\n ///\n /// [Unicode language identifier]: https://unicode.org/reports/tr35/#Unicode_language_identifier\n pub fn get_locale() -> String {\n platform::Application::get_locale()\n }\n}\n" ]

{ "pile_set_name": "Github" }

[ 0, 0.014492753623188406, 0.009523809523809525, 0.009523809523809525, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0.014705882352941176, 0, 0, 0.005747126436781609, 0, 0, 0, 0.007575757575757576, 0, 0, 0, 0.00546448087431694, 0, 0, 0.010638297872340425, 0, 0, 0.0027247956403269754, 0, 0.012195121951219513, 0, 0, 0.0072992700729927005, 0.011235955056179775, 0.008547008547008548, 0.001519756838905775, 0, 0.006024096385542169, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0.005050505050505051 ]

[ "The present invention relates to microprocessors for computers and other electronic devices, and especially relates to multi-tasking type microprocessors and methods of performing such multi-tasking.", "\nSpecifically, the invention addresses a method of significantly faster task switching and interrupt processing in a particular family of multi-tasking microprocessors.", "\nA commercially available set of microprocessors, the Intel Corporation i960 family (also known as 80960), is an example of multi-tasking type microprocessors. ", "The current i960 family includes the i960KA, i960KB, i960SA, i960SB and i960CA microprocessors, among others. ", "These microprocessors are structured to have consistent software interfaces across multiple generations of microprocessor implementations of a common architecture.", "\nThese microprocessor chips contain an execution unit, an optional floating-point unit, and on-chip instruction cache. ", "They also include a register-oriented instruction set, multiple register sets, a procedure call mechanism, and fundamental mechanisms for handling interrupts and faults.", "\nEach microprocessor chip provides a single set of 16 \"global registers\" and multiple sets of 16 \"local registers\". ", "The global registers are primarily used as general-purpose registers, and must be preserved across procedure boundaries. ", "A \"procedure\" is a function callable from within a software program. ", "The local registers provide storage for data variables that are local to an active procedure.", "\nThe i960's standard procedure call/return mechanism simplifies procedure calls, and provides a convenient means of preserving local procedure variables. ", "A dedicated region of memory is assigned to a \"procedure stack\". ", "This stack contains contiguous stack frames, one frame for each active procedure within a task. ", "A frame provides storage area for local registers. ", "Each time a procedure call is made, a new stack frame for the called procedure is allocated just beyond the current frame. ", "This frame then becomes the current frame. ", "A set of local registers is automatically allocated for the called procedure, and the local register set for the calling procedure is saved. ", "When the called procedure executes a return, the current stack frame is deallocated, the previous stack frame is restored, and the local register set for the calling procedure is restored.", "\nThe i960family of microprocessors uses three registers to maintain stack frame linkage information. ", "These are a frame pointer which contains the address of the current stack frame, a stack pointer which contains the address of the next unused byte of the current stack frame, and a previous frame pointer which contains the address of the previous stack frame.", "\nThis microprocessor contains a control register, called the \"process-controls register\", which is used to store information about the current status of the processor. ", "A single bit of this register, called the \"state flag\", reflects the state of the processor. ", "When this bit is cleared (0), the processor is in \"executing\" state (i.e., it is currently executing a program). ", "When this bit is set (1), the processor is in \"interrupted\" state (i.e., the processor has been interrupted so that it can service an interrupt request). ", "This state flag is changed automatically by the processor as the processor switches between executing and interrupted state. ", "The microprocessor also contains another control register, called the \"arithmetic-controls register\", which is used to store status and control information relating to arithmetic operations.", "\nThe Intel \"80960KB Programmer's Reference Manual\" (Order Number 270567-002), section \"PROCESSOR AND PROGRAM STATES\", page 7-6, recites: \"In the executing state, the processor is executing the program. ", "If the processor is interrupted while in the executing state, it saves the current state of the program, switches to the interrupted state, and services the interrupt. ", "Upon returning from the interrupt handler, the processor resumes work on the program.\" ", "This statement reflects the hardware design of the i960 processors, whereby the definition of the processor state is \"executing\" for task execution, and \"interrupted\" for interrupt servicing, and the state flag itself is modified by the processor as it switches between the two states.", "\nThe same manual, section \"PROCESS CONTROLS\", page 7-4, recites: \"The state flag determines the state of the program. ", "The encoding of this bit is shown in Table 7-1. ", "This bit tells software whether the processor is currently executing a program (0) or has been interrupted so the (sic) it can service an interrupt (1).\" ", "This statement reiterates the fact that the state flag is totally under control of the processor, but may be read by software.", "\nAt no time has the manufacturer suggested that the processor state flag can or should be directly altered by the software, nor did the manufacturer ever intend that the processor state flag be used in any other mode than the \"executing\" state for task execution and the \"interrupted\" state for interrupt processing.", "\nThis microprocessor architecture includes a priority-based interrupt mechanism. ", "Interrupt requests are generally sent to the microprocessor from an external source, often to request I/O (input/output) services. ", "An \"interrupt\" breaks the control flow of a currently operating program so that the microprocessor can handle a more urgent job. ", "The receipt of an interrupt signal causes an interruption of the program and switches the microprocessor into the interrupted state. ", "Upon completion of servicing an interrupt, the microprocessor switches back into executing state, and resumes processing of the interrupted program.", "\nEach interrupt request has associated with it an 8-bit interrupt vector number which points to a vector entry in the interrupt table. ", "The vector entry contains the address of a specific software interrupt handler. ", "An \"interrupt handler\" performs the specific action associated with a particular interrupt request.", "\nIn addition to the procedure stack, this microprocessor architecture has a single dedicated area of memory assigned to an \"interrupt stack\". ", "This stack has the same structure as the procedure stack, in that it consists of contiguous stack frames. ", "Interrupt records, which contain the state of interrupted programs, are also stored on the interrupt stack. ", "Each interrupt stack frame has associated with it a single interrupt record.", "\nEach interrupt has a programmably assigned priority; priorities range from 0 to 31, with 31 being the highest priority. ", "If the interrupt priority is 31, or is higher than the processor's current priority, an interrupt handler is invoked. ", "Otherwise, the interrupt is posted for later processing.", "\nWhenever this microprocessor receives an interrupt signal, it compares the priority of the interrupt request with the processor's current priority to determine whether to service the interrupt immediately. ", "If the interrupt priority is higher than that of the processor, the processor services the interrupt immediately. ", "If the interrupt priority is equal to or less than that of the processor, the processor records the new interrupt in the pending interrupt field of an interrupt table, and the servicing of the interrupt is delayed.", "\nWhen this microprocessor receives a higher priority interrupt while it is in executing state (i.e., executing a task), it performs the following actions to service the interrupt:\n(1) It switches from the current procedure stack to the interrupt stack, and the start of the interrupt stack becomes the current stack pointer for the processor; PA0 (2) It saves the current state of the process-controls register, the arithmetic-controls register, and the current interrupt vector number in an interrupt record on the current stack, which has become the interrupt stack; PA0 (3) For certain microprocessors in the i960 family, if the execution of an instruction was suspended, a resumption record for the suspended instruction is included in the interrupt record, and a resume flag in the saved process controls field is set; PA0 (4) It sets the state flag in the process-controls register to \"interrupted\", the execution mode to \"supervisor\", and the priority field to the priority of the interrupt; PA0 (5) It clears a trace-fault-pending flag and a trace-enable flag in the process-controls register; and PA0 (6) It performs an implicit call to the interrupt handler. ", "The address for the procedure that is called is that which is specified in an interrupt table for the specified interrupt vector. ", "A new frame for the interrupt handler is allocated on the current stack, and the current frame pointer is loaded into a global register. ", "A new set of local registers is allocated for the interrupt handler. ", "Upon entry to the interrupt handler, the processor is in interrupted state and supervisor mode. ", "PA0 (1) It copies the arithmetic controls information from the interrupt record into the arithmetic-controls register; PA0 (2) It copies the process controls information into the process-controls register whereby this action restores the processor stare to executing; PA0 (3) If a resume flag of the process-controls register is set, it copies the resumption record from the interrupt record to the microprocessor Processor Control Block (PRCB); PA0 (4) It deallocates the current interrupt stack frame and interrupt record from the interrupt stack, and releases the allocated set of local registers; PA0 (5) It checks the interrupt table for pending interrupts that are higher than the priority of the interrupt which the processor is executing. ", "If a higher priority pending interrupt is found, it is handled as if the interrupt occurred at this point; and PA0 (6) It then performs a return operation. ", "This will cause the processor to switch back to the stack frame on the procedure stack that the processor was using prior to the interrupt, restore the local register set for that procedure, and resume the interrupted procedure. ", "The processor has now returned to \"executing\" state.", "\nOnce the microprocessor has completed the interrupt processing, it performs the following action on the return from the interrupt:\nIf the processor receives an interrupt while it is in the interrupted state (i.e., the processor is servicing another interrupt), and the new interrupt has a higher priority than the interrupt currently being serviced, the processor performs the same action as that described above for the executing state except that the processor does not need to switch stacks, since the interrupt stack will already be in use. ", "A new interrupt record and interrupt frame are created on the current stack, which is still the interrupt stack, immediately following the frame for the interrupted interrupt handler. ", "On the return from the current interrupt handler to the previous interrupt handler, the processor deallocates the current stack frame and interrupt record, and remains on the interrupt stack.", "\nThe manufacturer, in its previously quoted reference manual at the section on \"INTERRUPT HANDLING ACTIONS\", at pages 8-4 through 8-6, has recited: \"When the processor receives an interrupt, it handles it automatically. ", "The processor takes care of saving the processor state, calling the interrupt-handler routine, and restoring the processor state once the interrupt has been serviced. ", "Software support is not required. . . . ", "When the processor receives an interrupt while it is in executing state (i.e., executing a program), it performs the following actions to service the interrupt; this procedure is the same regardless of whether the processor is in the user or the supervisor mode when the interrupt occurs: 1. ", "The processor switches to the interrupt stack . . . ", "4. ", "The processor allocates a new frame on the interrupt stack . . . ", "5. ", "The processor switches to the interrupted state. . . . ", "Once the processor has completed the interrupt procedure, it performs the following action on the return: . . . ", "4. ", "The processor deallocates the current stack frame and interrupt record from the i-interrupt stack and switches to the local stack or the supervisor stack (whichever one it was using when it was interrupted). . . . ", "6. ", "Assuming that there are no pending interrupts to be serviced, the processor switches to the executing state and resumes work on the program. . . . ", "If the processor receives an interrupt while it is servicing another interrupt, . . . ", "The interrupt record is saved on the top of the interrupt stack, prior to the new frame that is created for use in servicing the new interrupt. ", "On the return from the current interrupt handler to the previous interrupt handler, the processor deallocates the current stack frame and interrupt record, and stays on the interrupt stack.\"", "\nAnother member of the common i960family is the i960CA microprocessor. ", "The Intel \"80960CA User's Manual\" (Order Number 270710-001) at the section \"THE 80960 INTERRUPT MODEL\", pages 6-2 through 6-9, recites: \"The architecture defines two data structures to support interrupt processing: the interrupt table and the interrupt stack. . . . ", "The method that the processor uses to service an interrupt depends on the state the processor is in when it receives the interrupt. ", "If the processor is executing a background task when an interrupt request is to be serviced, the interrupt context switch must change stacks to the interrupt stack. ", "This is called an executing-state interrupt. ", "If the processor is already executing an interrupt handler, no stack switch is required since the interrupt stack will already be in use. ", "This is called an interrupted-state interrupt.\"", "\nThe manufacturer has constructed its i960 series architecture so that all interrupt records and interrupt frames are placed on the interrupt stack, programs are executed in processor \"executing\" state, interrupts are serviced in processor \"interrupted\" state, and that an executing-state interrupt causes a switch to the interrupt stack.", "\nA major aspect of prior microprocessor multi-tasking architecture, including that of the i960 family, is the presence of mechanisms related to task management. ", "The task-management mechanisms use synchronization logic to provide correct behavior in the event of multiple concurrent tasks. ", "Task management is performed with two operations: (1) suspend task and save task context, and (2) restore task context and resume task. ", "This mechanism allows an operating system kernel to switch tasks explicitly.", "\nIn a multi-tasking, real-time system, reevaluation of task priorities for scheduling is often done following an interrupt. ", "It often becomes mandatory to preempt the currently active task in favor of a higher priority task which has been waiting for an event. ", "This means that upon completion of interrupt processing, an operating system kernel must prevent the normal resumption of the interrupted task. ", "After the higher priority task has completed its processing, the context of the task which had been interrupted, and then preempted, can be restored and that task may be resumed.", "\nWhen a preemption is to occur at the completion of interrupt processing, the processor switches from interrupted to executing state when it begins the execution of the higher priority task. ", "The context status of the task which had been interrupted exists in the interrupt record and frame of the interrupt handler at the beginning of the interrupt stack. ", "If an interrupt should occur while the higher priority task is executing, the processor will then switch to interrupted state, and create a new interrupt frame and record at the beginning of the interrupt stack, thus overwriting the previous interrupt record and frame for the task that had been preempted. ", "The solution presented by the i960 series manufacturer is to have the operating system kernel copy the context for the interrupted task from the interrupt stack to another temporary holding area of memory prior to preempting an interrupted task. ", "This area of memory must be unique to the interrupted task, and may not be shared by any other task.", "\nThe i960 series manufacturer's recommended, expressly stated established procedure is to create an array of dedicated task control blocks, one per task. ", "The task context information which must be copied from the interrupt record to the task control block includes the process-controls information, the arithmetic-controls information, and an instruction resumption record, if one exists. ", "Also to be saved are the previous frame linkage pointer and the contents of the volatile global registers. ", "This copy operation is required because when the interrupted task is resumed at a later time, the original interrupt frame on the interrupt stack, along with its allocated local register set, is no longer accessible.", "\nGenerally in a multi-tasking environment, when the higher priority task has completed its execution, and it is time to resume the previously interrupted (preempted) task, the contents of the volatile global registers must be restored, and the normal interrupt return procedure (described previously in this section) must be executed so that the processor context, as well as the task context, can be properly restored.", "\nMaintaining task control blocks and copying data into and out of memory does introduce significant overhead to interrupt handling. ", "This becomes more pronounced in multi-tasking environments under conditions of frequently occurring interrupts.", "\nInterrupt handling, task switching and preemption are the most time-critical areas of code for a multi-tasking operating system, and each unnecessary instruction can degrade system performance. ", "It is therefore highly desirable to develop a method of operation for such a microprocessor where task switching times are reduced as much as possible and the speed of interrupt processing is enhanced." ]

{ "pile_set_name": "USPTO Backgrounds" }

[ 0, 0, 0.00625, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0.009900990099009901, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0.0013386880856760374, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0.0037593984962406013, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0 ]

[ "Kerim Frei\n\nKerim Frei Koyunlu (born 19 November 1993) is a footballer who plays as a winger for İstanbul Başakşehir and the Turkish national team. ", "He previously played club football for Fulham, Cardiff City, Beşiktaş and Birmingham City, and represented Switzerland up to under-21 level.", "\n\nEarly life\nFrei was born in Feldkirch, Austria, to a Turkish father and a Moroccan mother and was raised in Switzerland.", "\n\nCareer\n\nFulham\nFrei made his first team début on 7 July 2011 in Fulham's Europa League first qualifying round, second leg match against NSÍ Runavík of the Faroe Islands, where he came on as a substitute in the 72nd minute replacing Andrew Johnson. ", "Following his debut, Huw Jennings gave his thoughts about Frei debut to Fulham.com:\n\nFrei then went on to make his first start for Fulham, playing on the right wing in the Europa League second qualifying round, first leg match against Crusaders in Belfast on 14 July 2011, receiving a yellow card in the 62nd minute.", "\n\nHe made his first start in English competition in a League Cup third round fixture away to Chelsea on 21 September 2011 and made his Premier League début on 10 December 2011, coming on a substitute for Mousa Dembélé in an away match against Swansea City. ", "Fulham lost the match 2–0. ", "Frei scored his first senior goal for Fulham in the Europa League 2–2 draw against Odense BK at Craven Cottage, side footing home from a Dembélé through ball.", "\n\nOn 16 March 2012, Frei signed a contract extension with Fulham, lasting until the summer of 2015.", "\nA week later, Frei started in Fulham's 1-0 defeat at Old Trafford against Manchester United. ", "He was replaced by Bryan Ruiz in the 67th minute.", "\n\nOn 9 April 2012 in a 1–1 draw against Chelsea, Frei received the Man of the Match award from Sky Television for his performance.", "\n\nOn 26 October 2012, Frei joined Cardiff City on loan until 2 December. ", "His first appearance was against Burnley, coming on in the 83rd minute for Craig Noone. ", "On 22 November, Frei was recalled to Fulham after 3 appearances.", "\n\nBeşiktaş\n\nFrei joined Turkish club Beşiktaş on 6 September 2013, signing a five-year deal. ", "He made his league debut on 22 September 2013 in a 3-0 loss to Galatasaray, coming on in the 80th minute for Veli Kavlak. ", "He scored his first league goal for Besiktas over a year later in a 3-2 loss to Kayseri Erciyesspor. ", "He scored a brace in this game, one goal in the 70th minute, the other in the 85th, coming after he had come on for an injured Olcay Şahan in the 37th minute.", "\n\nBirmingham City\n\nOn 20 January 2017, Frei returned to English football, signing for Birmingham City on a three-and-a-half-year contract. ", "The fee was an initial €2.25 million, potentially rising to €3.5M. He made his debut in the EFL Championship the following day, as an 82nd-minute substitute in a 1–1 draw away to Blackburn Rovers, but never established himself in the team. ", "He finished the season with 13 league appearances, only 3 of which were in the starting eleven, and was an unused substitute 16 times. ", "He scored once, with a free kick away to Rotherham United on 14 April; Frei \"stepped up and arrowed the ball straight and dipping beyond [Rotherham's goalkeeper]\" to win the club's Goal of the Season award but not the match.", "\n\nİstanbul Başakşehir\nAfter just six months with Birmingham City, Frei returned to Turkey. ", "He signed a four-year contract with İstanbul Başakşehir on 21 July 2017. ", "He made his league debut for his new club on 19 August 2017 in a 3-1 loss to Kardemir Karabükspor.", "\n\nInternational career\nFrei switched national team allegiances from Switzerland to Turkey in June 2012. ", "He represented Turkey at the 2013 FIFA U-20 World Cup.", "\n\nCareer statistics\n\nHonours\nBeşiktaş J.K.\nSüper Lig: 2015–16\n\nReferences\n\nExternal links\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\nCategory:1993 births\nCategory:Living people\nCategory:People from Feldkirch, Vorarlberg\nCategory:Swiss footballers\nCategory:Turkish footballers\nCategory:Switzerland youth international footballers\nCategory:Switzerland under-21 international footballers\nCategory:Turkey youth international footballers\nCategory:Turkey under-21 international footballers\nCategory:Turkey international footballers\nCategory:Association football midfielders\nCategory:Fulham F.C. players\nCategory:Cardiff City F.C. players\nCategory:Beşiktaş J.K. footballers\nCategory:Birmingham City F.C. players\nCategory:İstanbul Başakşehir F.K. players\nCategory:Premier League players\nCategory:English Football League players\nCategory:Süper Lig players\nCategory:Turkish expatriate footballers\nCategory:Expatriate footballers in England\nCategory:Turkish expatriate sportspeople in England\nCategory:Swiss people of Turkish descent\nCategory:Swiss people of Moroccan descent\nCategory:Turkish people of Moroccan descent" ]

{ "pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)" }

[ 0.02027027027027027, 0.014285714285714285, 0, 0.016, 0.00949367088607595, 0.011673151750972763, 0.037037037037037035, 0.0189873417721519, 0.010101010101010102, 0.02127659574468085, 0.02040816326530612, 0.015384615384615385, 0, 0.022727272727272728, 0.015625, 0.010752688172043012, 0.01639344262295082, 0.019801980198019802, 0.006329113924050633, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0.0136986301369863, 0.01020408163265306, 0, 0, 0.007407407407407408 ]

[ "Magnetic response of odd-frequency s-wave Cooper pairs in a superfluid proximity system.", "\nWe investigate the magnetic response of a dirty-normal-Fermi-liquid-spin-triplet-superfluid proximity system consisting of liquid 3He and aerogel. ", "In contrast to bulk superfluids, Pauli spin susceptibility in the proximity system exceeds its normal-state value locally around the interface. ", "This enhanced Pauli paramagnetism originates from odd-frequency s-wave pairing arising due to spatial inhomogeneity. ", "A characteristic observable signature of the paramagnetic effect can be found in the spin susceptibility temperature dependence." ]

{ "pile_set_name": "PubMed Abstracts" }

[ 0.011363636363636364, 0, 0, 0, 0 ]

[ "You’re going to love this naughty story, I promise. ", "If you want more, please consider becoming a Patreon supporter. ", "I’ve posted lots of naughty stories for you that delve into all the pleasures of cuckolding. ", "You won’t be disappointed.", "\n\nYou figured you’d spend the night at home, waiting for your wife to return from her date. ", "You’d fantasize about her sucking his cock and sitting her slick pussy on it. ", "You’d imagine about him taking her doggystyle. ", "You’d hold off on cumming because she loves giving you a handjob while she tells you all the dirty details.", "\n\nYou were ready for all of that, but then she sent you a text:\n\nHer: You wanna watch?", "\n\nYou: Yes!", "\n\nShe directed you to a commuter parking lot outside of town. ", "It’s busy during the workdays but there’s never anyone there on a Saturday night. ", "It’s a perfect place to have a little fun without being disturbed, which is why she and her lover are going to put on a show for you there.", "\n\nShe told you to arrive early and park in the dark corner where the lights don’t reach. ", "They’ll be able to make out your car in the moonlight, but it will look empty. ", "Anyone driving by will think it’s just an empty car.", "\n\nTen minutes after you park and turn off the car, they pull in. ", "They’re in his car. ", "It’s a sleek 4-door sedan. ", "She’d told you stories of the fun they’ve had in that car. ", "It’s where she sucked his cock for the first time. ", "They’d parked just outside your house. ", "She was going to keep it to a make out session, but once she felt the size of his dick your wife couldn’t resist.", "\n\nShe pulled him out and soon her head was bobbing up and down in his lap. ", "His tinted windows made sure no passersby could see what was happening in the darkness. ", "You tasted a hint of his cum on her tongue that night. ", "You’ll never forget it.", "\n\nThey park a dozen rows down from your car. ", "She wants to be close enough that you have a view without letting you see every little detail. ", "Your wife is such a tease. ", "He parked so you could look through the front windshield. ", "No one else is going to use the lot tonight, so it doesn’t matter if he’s not in a space. ", "What matters is giving you a view of the fun they’re going to have.", "\n\nYour wife looks over at you. ", "She can’t see you through the darkness, but she knows you can see her. ", "She looks perfect, just like she did when she left. ", "A long, lingering kiss was your gift before she walked out the door and you can still taste her. ", "It’s him that gets to enjoy her lips now, though.", "\n\nShe turns her attention to him and they kiss. ", "Your cock stiffens almost immediately. ", "You know she’s a great kisser. ", "You know the wonderful things she does with her tongue and the way she sucks on yours as it darts into her mouth. ", "You know she’s doing all that for another man. ", "You know that in this moment, all she wants is to make her boyfriend hard as a rock.", "\n\nYou see his hand move to her breasts. ", "He squeezes them and gently plays with her nipples. ", "You imagine she’s moaning into his mouth. ", "Your wife loves having her nipples played with and her boyfriend knows that about her. ", "He knows exactly how to turn her on and how to make her cum.", "\n\nThey both know you’re watching and it’s a little more exciting because of it. ", "He loves that you’re sitting in the parking lot and watching him fondle your wife. ", "He knows you’re not going to do anything other than watch and stroke your dick. ", "He knows it turns you on to see him enjoying her beautiful body.", "\n\nThe moment you’re waiting for, the one that excites you the most, is when her head disappears into his lap. ", "You can’t see his cock or her mouth around it, but you know she’s giving her boyfriend a blowjob. ", "Just a few dozen yards away your wife has another man’s throbbing dick in her mouth and it’s making her pussy wet. ", "Giving him head while you watch turns your wife on. ", "How does that make you feel?", "\n\nAs she blows him you see the back of her head pop up over and over. ", "She’s bobbing up and down in his lap, sucking on him. ", "You know what her mouth feels like, how amazing she it at sucking cock. ", "You can imagine how good he feels right now. ", "That’s why his eyes are closed and his mouth is open. ", "He’s moaning because your wife is blowing him. ", "Your wife is blowing her boyfriend in his car and you’re watching.", "\n\nShe wants to do more than suck his cock, though. ", "Your wife wants to get fucked while you watch. ", "Her pussy is soaked with desire. ", "Her need for his big dick inside her is stronger than it’s ever been. ", "Are you ready to see her sit on him and take a ride?", "\n\nThey shift so he’s sitting in the passenger seat and she’s on top of him. ", "He pulls off her shirt so you can see her back as his hands roam all over it. ", "She sits down on his cock and throws her head back. ", "You can tell he’s inside her even if you can’t see her wet pussy lips opening around his thickness.", "\n\nYour wife has described his cock, especially its size, on multiple occasions. ", "She knows you like hearing how big he is and how good it makes her feel. ", "Now, as she’s riding him in the car, you can’t help but picture it in your mind. ", "You can’t help but imagine how her cunt looks as she opens around him over and over. ", "You can’t help but hear imagined moans as she cums on him.", "\n\nYou expected them to fuck in the front seat and be done with it, but they have something else in mind. ", "They’re putting on a show for you, after all. ", "That’s why she gets out of the car. ", "Her tits are out of the black lace bra she wore and her short skirt is pushed up around her waist. ", "She looks at you and bends over the front of the car, giving you a profile view of her lovely long legs in heels.", "\n\nHer boyfriend follows and quickly steps behind your wife. ", "He guides his cock into her cunt and pounds her hard. ", "She turns her head and looks at the car. ", "She knows you’re in the front seat with your cock in hand. ", "She’s looking right at you. ", "She wants you to look at her as she’s getting fucked, as another man is using her pussy. ", "She wants you to witness the pleasure she’s giving him.", "\n\nYour cock is so hard. ", "You know you could cum in no time, but you hold off. ", "You don’t want to lose your load just yet. ", "You want to see the end of the show. ", "Who knows what else they have planned?", "\n\nHe pulls out of your wife’s pussy and steps back. ", "You can see his cock glistening with juices from her cunt. ", "She turns around and squats in front of him. ", "Her fingers wrap around the base of his cock and her lips wrap around the head. ", "Your wife sucks his dick so you can see it. ", "She gives him a nasty, wet blowjob and cleans all her slippery juices off of him.", "\n\nYou’ve never seen her suck his dick before. ", "You’ve heard the stories. ", "You’ve kissed her after she’s blown him. ", "You’ve never watched though. ", "It’s incredible. ", "Your cock is throbbing without you even touching it. ", "The way she blows him is almost animalistic. ", "She certainly doesn’t suck your cock like that.", "\n\nYour wife stands and sits on the car. ", "Again you have a beautiful profile view. ", "She’s on her back with her legs spread. ", "Her skirt is still bunched up. ", "He holds her legs open and slides his cock into her pussy. ", "You watch her reach down and play with her pussy as she gets fucked.", "\n\nHer eyes close and she throws her head back. ", "You know that look. ", "She’s having an orgasm. ", "She’s cumming with someone else’s cock inside her. ", "Your wife is having an orgasm with her boyfriend’s dick buried in her pussy.", "\n\nSoon that same look comes over his face. ", "They’re not using protection and he’s inside her. ", "He’s going to cum in her pussy. ", "He’s going to creampie your wife while you’re watching. ", "If you even touch your cock you’ll cum, so you don’t. ", "You just watch as he dumps his load in her pussy while she’s spread on the hood of his car. ", "It’s the hottest thing you’ve ever seen.", "\n\nHe pulls out of your wife’s pussy and reaches into the passenger seat to pull out his pants. ", "She hops off the car and pulls down her skirt. ", "Instead of getting in the car with him your wife walks towards you. ", "He turns on the car and drives away, leaving the two of you alone in the commuter parking lot.", "\n\nYou sit there in the front seat and watch your topless, freshly-fucked wife stride towards you. ", "Her hair is a mess and another man’s cum is dripping down her leg. ", "She looks more beautiful than she ever has. ", "You’re turned on like you’ve never been before.", "\n\nShe opens the back door and says, “Did you enjoy the show, honey?” ", "She lies on her back with her legs spread. ", "You fumble with the driver’s side door, finally getting it open and moving around until you’re looking into the back seat at your wife’s pussy. ", "It’s wet, pink, and messy. ", "A little stream of his cum is dripping out of her and onto the leather.", "\n\n“You can do whatever you want with me,” she says, and she means it. ", "What do you want to do with her?", "\n\nWant more cuckold stories? ", "Then become a Patreon supporter to enjoy a big archive of stories and lots of new updates.", "\n\nLiked it? ", "Take a second to support becca on Patreon!" ]

{ "pile_set_name": "OpenWebText2" }

[ 0, 0.015625, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0.03225806451612903, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0.03571428571428571, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0.011111111111111112, 0, 0.023809523809523808 ]

[ "The Arachnoiditis Survivor Portrait project began in early 2014 as a one-to-one art project to develop a means to establish Empowering & Healing Connections for Survivors via participation in the arts." ]

{ "pile_set_name": "Pile-CC" }

[ 0.004975124378109453 ]

[ "Civil Rights: Voices of a Movement\n\nFor much of the 20th Century, African Americans in the South were barred from the voting booth, sent to the back of the bus, and walled off from many of the rights they deserved as U.S. citizens. ", "Until well into the 1960s, segregation was legal. ", "Hear the voices from the heart of the Civil Rights revolution describe life before, during and fater Jim Crow, Freedom Summer and Brown vs. the Board of Education.", "\n\nResources in this Collection\n\nSHOW: American RadioWorks | Length: 50:49 | Audio Format: MP3\nFor much of the 20th century, African Americans endured a legal system in the American South that was calculated to segregate and humiliate them. ", "The system was called Jim Crow.", "\nLesson PlansTranscript\n\nSHOW: American RadioWorks | Length: 51:38 | Audio Format: MP3\nDuring the World War II years a series of groundbreaking radio programs tried to mend the deep racial and ethnic divisions that threatened America...\nTranscript\n\nSHOW: American RadioWorks | Length: 50:49 | Audio Format: MP3\nIn 1967, Thurgood Marshall became the first African American appointed to the U.S. Supreme Court. ", "But Marshall had already earned a place in history...\nLesson PlansTranscript\n\nSHOW: American RadioWorks | Length: 52:50 | Audio Format: MP3\nIn the summer of 1964, about a thousand young Americans, black and white, came together in Mississippi for a peaceful assault on racism...\nLesson PlansTranscript\n\nSHOW: American RadioWorks | Length: 53:19 | Audio Format: MP3\nMartin Luther King Jr. was assassinated on April 4, 1968. ", "Four decades later, King remains one of the most vivid symbols of hope for racial unity in America...\nTranscript" ]

{ "pile_set_name": "Pile-CC" }

[ 0, 0, 0.024539877300613498, 0.004166666666666667, 0.03225806451612903, 0.009779951100244499, 0.014184397163120567, 0.008928571428571428 ]

[ "Q:\n\nVB6 code upgrade\n\nPossible Duplicate:\nBest Strategy for moving from VB6 to .NET\nConversion tool comparisons for visual basic 6.0 \n\nIs there a good tool anyone can recommend to convert a commercial VB6 application into a VB.NET application. ", " I have discovered some free ones and some commercial one's, but can't find any reviews and opinions of developers who have tried and failed or tried and succeeded.", "\nWhat are the complexities involved? ", "I know that .NET uses managed code and multi threaded apartments etc whereas VB6 is based on COM.", "\n\nA:\n\nDon't do it. ", "Don't convert. ", "Do a re-write. ", "Sorry, but even though the code CAN be converted, it doesn't mean it should be converted.", "\nPlease, in the name of cleaner code everywhere, spend the resource time to have it written correctly. ", "View this as an opportunity to clean up the code, and take advantage of everything .Net brings to the table....\nAnd I really don't care if I get negative rep'd on this one. ", "If I convince one company to rewrite instead of convert, it was worth it.", "\n\nA:\n\nThis is a copy of my answer to the duplicate question (as CW) because I want to reply to the \"always rewrite\" answer that's currently top-voted here.", "\nMy advice is don't underestimate the effort of conversion - be very cautious about embarking on a rewrite. ", "It's a common pitfall to start out optimistically, make good early progress fixing some of the well-known flaws in the old architecture, and then get bogged down in the functionality that you've just been taking for granted for years. ", "At this point your management begin to get twitchy and everything can get very uncomfortable.", "\n...and here's a blog post by a Microsofty that somewhat agrees with me:\n\nMany companies I worked with in the early days of .NET looked first at rewriting driven in part by a strong desire to improve the underlying architecture and code structures at the same time as they moved to .NET. ", "Unfortunately many of those projects ran into difficulty and several were never completed. ", "The problem they were trying to solve was too large .....\nHence I quickly became a fan of Migrate or Reuse as the right approach for most companies. ", "Interestingly though, Rewrite is a less risky option than it once was. ", "Many companies who still have significant VB6 projects also now have strong .NET skills gained on other projects, improved software development practices (including automated tests – a must IMHO for Rewrite) and have even taken the time to refactor elements of their VB6 codebase over the last 6 years. ", "That said, I would still place Rewrite below Migrate or Reuse for most companies.", "\n\nQuote from an excellent Microsoft webpage\n\nPerforming a complete rewrite to .NET is far more costly and difficult to do well [than converting] ... we would only recommend this approach for a small number of situations.", "\n\nAlso the renowned VB expert Dan Appleman said:\n\nIn most cases porting [VB6 to VB.NET] is stupid and a\ncomplete waste of money.", "\n\nAnd Joel said a while back:\n\nThe single worst strategic mistake\nthat any software company can make [is\nto] decide to rewrite the code from\nscratch.", "\n\nA couple of other useful links about migration including links to another free book from Microsoft.", "\nOne.", "\nTwo.", "\nThree.", "\nMicrosoft page including screencast with their answer to \"how to migrate\"\n\n" ]

{ "pile_set_name": "StackExchange" }

[ 0.00819672131147541, 0, 0, 0.020618556701030927, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0.014084507042253521, 0.006600660066006601, 0, 0.004545454545454545, 0.0078125, 0.006711409395973154, 0.009900990099009901, 0, 0, 0, 0.013157894736842105 ]

[ "alternative rock\n\nThursday afternoon, alternative-rock band Fall Days out of Bonney Lake stopped by the studio to give us a taste of what was to come when they hit stage for Downtown Summer Nights.", "The upstart band, playing together for nearly two years, were the winners in an under-21 battle-of-the-bands held at the …" ]

{ "pile_set_name": "Pile-CC" }

[ 0, 0 ]

[ "Petrol, Diesel prices today: On Thursday also, fuel prices were raised by the OMCs.", "\n\nDomestic fuel rates scaled new highs on Saturday as petrol, diesel prices were hiked once again by the oil marketing companies (OMCs). ", "In Delhi, petrol is available at a price of Rs. ", "81.63 per litre. ", "A litre of petrol is selling today at a price of Rs. ", "89.01 per litre in Mumbai, Rs. ", "84.85 in Chennai and Rs. ", "83.49 in Kolkata. ", "In Delhi, Mumbai, Chennai and Kolkata, diesel prices are at record levels of Rs. ", "73.54, Rs. ", "78.07 and Rs. ", "77.74, Rs. ", "75.39 per litre respectively, according to a price notification of state-owned fuel retailers.", "\n\nFuel rates vary from city to city and from pump to pump depending on local taxes and transportation cost. ", "Delhi has the cheapest fuel rates among all metros and most state capitals because of lower taxes. ", "Mumbai has the highest sales tax or value added tax (VAT).", "\n\nOn Thursday also, fuel prices were raised by the OMCs. ", "State-run oil marketing companies Indian Oil, Bharat Petroleum and Hindustan Petroleum revise fuel prices with effect from 6 am on a daily basis. ", "A combination of a dip in rupee value against the US dollar and rise in crude oil prices has led to a spike in pump prices since mid-August. ", "Except for halts on September 5 and September 12, fuel prices have been increased almost daily across India over the past few weeks.", "\n\nHowever, Rajasthan government has announced a 4 per cent cut in the state VAT on petrol and diesel on Sunday, while Andhra Pradesh government announced a reduction of tax on petrol and diesel by Rs. ", "2 per litre.", "\n\nGlobally, oil prices pulled back on Friday on concerns additional US tariffs would be placed on Chinese imports, after an earlier rally triggered by worries that more sanctions on Iran might constrict supply.(With agencies inputs)\n\n" ]

{ "pile_set_name": "OpenWebText2" }

[ 0.012048192771084338, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0.012345679012345678, 0, 0.07142857142857142, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0.0136986301369863, 0, 0, 0.009950248756218905, 0, 0 ]

[ "/*\n * Copyright (c) 2020 Valve Corporation\n * Copyright (c) 2020 LunarG, Inc.\n *\n * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the \"License\");\n * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.", "\n * You may obtain a copy of the License at\n *\n * http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0\n *\n * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software\n * distributed under the License is distributed on an \"AS IS\" BASIS,\n * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.", "\n * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and\n * limitations under the License.", "\n *\n * Authors:\n * - Richard S. Wright Jr. <richard@lunarg.com>\n * - Christophe Riccio <christophe@lunarg.com>\n */\n\n#pragma once\n\n#include \"khronossettingsadvanced.h\"\n#include \"widget_filesystem_setting.h\"\n#include \"widget_bool_setting.h\"\n#include \"widget_enum_setting.h\"\n#include \"widget_string_setting.h\"\n#include \"widget_multi_enum_setting.h\"\n#include \"widget_vuid_search.h\"\n#include \"widget_mute_message.h\"\n\n#include \"../vkconfig_core/configuration.h\"\n\n#include <QObject>\n#include <QTreeWidget>\n#include <QComboBox>\n\n#include <vector>\n\nclass SettingsTreeManager : QObject {\n Q_OBJECT\n public:\n SettingsTreeManager();\n\n void CreateGUI(QTreeWidget *build_tree, Configuration *configuration);\n void CleanupGUI();\n\n void GetTreeState(QByteArray &byte_array, QTreeWidgetItem *top_item);\n int SetTreeState(QByteArray &byte_array, int index, QTreeWidgetItem *top_item);\n\n protected:\n QTreeWidget *_configuration_settings_tree;\n Configuration *_configuration;\n QVector<QTreeWidgetItem *> _compound_widgets; // These have special cleanup requirements\n\n void BuildKhronosTree(std::vector<LayerSetting> &settings);\n void BuildGenericTree(QTreeWidgetItem *parent, Parameter &parameter);\n\n QVector<QTreeWidgetItem *> _layer_items; // These parallel the profiles layers\n\n QComboBox *_validation_presets_combo_box;\n std::vector<ValidationPreset> _validation_presets; // The preset in the combobox\n int GetValidationPresentIndex(const ValidationPreset preset) const;\n\n QTreeWidgetItem *_validation_tree_item;\n QTreeWidgetItem *_validation_file_item;\n QTreeWidgetItem *_validation_preset_item;\n QTreeWidgetItem *_validation_log_file_item;\n FileSystemSettingWidget *_validation_log_file_widget;\n MultiEnumSettingWidget *_validation_debug_action;\n KhronosSettingsAdvanced *_validation_settings;\n MuteMessageWidget *_mute_message_widget;\n VUIDSearchWidget *_vuid_search_widget;\n\n public Q_SLOTS:\n void khronosDebugChanged(int index);\n void khronosPresetChanged(int index); // Okay, is this a custom guy HERE, or do we move it out\n // It really forces a reload of the entire branch of this tree\n // Reset layer defaults for the profile, and then call BuildKhronosTree again\n void khronosPresetEdited(); // The user has changed something from a preset, and we are now a custom setting\n void profileEdited(); // The profile has been edited and should be saved\n\n private:\n SettingsTreeManager(const SettingsTreeManager &) = delete;\n SettingsTreeManager &operator=(const SettingsTreeManager &) = delete;\n};\n" ]

{ "pile_set_name": "Github" }

[ 0.009302325581395349, 0.009554140127388535, 0.009523809523809525, 0.003703703703703704 ]

[ "Library\n\nThe Hanging Girl\n- Department Q, #6\n\nNew York Times and internationally bestselling author Jussi Adler-Olsen returns with the sixth book in his exhilarating Department Q series, featuring Detective Carl Mørck and his enigmatic assistants, Assad and Rose.", "\n\nIn the middle of his usual hard-won morning nap in the basement of police headquarters, Carl Mørck, head of Department Q, receives a call from a colleague working on the Danish island of Bornholm. ", "Carl is dismissive when he realizes that a new case is being foisted on him, but a few hours later, he receives some shocking news that leaves his headstrong assistant Rose more furious than usual. ", "Carl has no choice but to lead Department Q into the tragic cold case of a vivacious seventeen-year-old girl who vanished from school, only to be found dead hanging high up in a tree. ", "The investigation will take them from the remote island of Bornholm to a strange sun worshipping cult, where Carl, Assad, Rose, and newcomer Gordon attempt to stop a string of new murders and a skilled manipulator who refuses to let anything—or anyone—get in the way.", "\n\nThe Marco Effect\n- Department Q, #5\n\nA teenaged boy on the run propels Detective Carl Mørck into Department Q’s most sinister case yet\n\nFifteen-year-old Marco Jameson longs to become a Danish citizen and go to school like a normal teenager. ", "Unfortunately, his Uncle Zola forces the children of their former gypsy clan to beg and steal for his personal gain. ", "When Marco discovers a dead body that proves the true extent of Zola’s criminal activities, he goes on the run. ", "But it turns out his family members aren’t the only ones who want to keep Marco silent … forever.", "\n\nDetective Carl Mørck wants to save the boy, but Marco’s trail leads him to a case that extends from Denmark to Africa, from embezzlers to child soldiers, from seemingly petty crime rings to the very darkest of cover-ups.", "\n\nThe Purity of Vengeance\n- Department Q, #4\n\nThe fourth book in his Department Q series, New York Times bestselling author and Denmark’s #1 crime writer Jussi Adler-Olsen returns with Detective Carl Mørck’s most sinister case yet.", "\n\nIn 1987, Nete Hermansen plans revenge on those who abused her?especially Curt Wad, a surgeon who was part of a movement to sterilize wayward girls in the 1950s.", "\n\nMore than twenty years later, Detective Carl Mørck already has plenty on his mind when he is presented with the case of a brothel owner, a woman named Rita, who went missing in the eighties: New evidence has emerged in the case that sent Carl to Department Q.\n\nBut when Carl’s assistants, Assad and Rose, learn that numerous other people disappeared around the same weekend as Rita, Carl takes notice. ", "Sifting through the evidence, they inch closer to Curt Wad, who is still committed to his twisted beliefs, and whose treatment of Nete only hints at his capacity for evil.", "\n\nA Conspiracy of Faith\n- Department Q, #3\n\nThe New York Times and # 1 international bestselling author Jussi Adler-Olsen returns with another shocking cold case in his exhilarating Department Q series.", "\n\nDetective Carl Mørck holds in his hands a bottle that contains old and decayed message, written in blood. ", "It is a cry for help from two young brothers, tied and bound in a boathouse by the sea. ", "Could it be real? ", "Who are these boys, and why weren’t they reported missing? ", "Could they possibly still be alive?", "\n\nCarl’s investigation will force him to cross paths with a woman stuck in a desperate marriage- her husband refuses to tell her where he goes, what he does, how long he will be away. ", "For days on end she waits, and when he returns she must endure his wants, his moods, his threats. ", "But enough is enough. ", "She will find out the truth, no matter the cost to her husband?or to herself.", "\n\nCarl and his colleagues Assad and Rose must use all of their resources to uncover the horrifying truth in this heart-pounding Nordic thriller from the #1 international bestselling author Jussi Adler-Olsen.", "\n\nThe Absent One\n- Department Q, #2\n\nNew York Times bestseller Jussi Adler-Olsen returns with the second book in his electrifying Department Q series.", "\n\nIn The Keeper of Lost Causes, Jussi Adler-Olsen introduced Detective Carl Mørck, a deeply flawed, brilliant detective newly assigned to run Department Q, the home of Copenhagen’s coldest cases. ", "The result wasn’t what Mørck—or readers—expected, but by the opening of Adler-Olsen’s shocking, fast-paced follow-up, Mørck is satisfied with the notion of picking up long-cold leads. ", "So he’s naturally intrigued when a closed case lands on his desk: A brother and sister were brutally murdered two decades earlier, and one of the suspects—part of a group of privileged boarding-school students—confessed and was convicted.", "\n\nBut once Mørck reopens the files, it becomes clear that all is not what it seems. ", "Looking into the supposedly solved case leads him to Kimmie, a woman living on the streets, stealing to survive. ", "Kimmie has mastered evading the police, but now they aren’t the only ones looking for her. ", "Because Kimmie has secrets that certain influential individuals would kill to keep buried . . . ", "as well as one of her own that could turn everything on its head.", "\n\nEvery bit as pulse-pounding as the book that launched the series, The Absent One delivers further proof that Jussi Adler-Olsen is one of the world's premier thriller writers.", "\n\nThe Keeper of Lost Causes\n- Department Q, #1\n\nThe #1 international bestseller from Jussi Adler-Olsen, author of The Absent One—perfect for fans of Stieg Larsson's The Girl with the Dragon Tattoo\n\nCarl Mørck used to be one of Copenhagen’s best homicide detectives. ", "Then a hail of bullets destroyed the lives of two fellow cops, and Carl—who didn’t draw his weapon—blames himself. ", "So a promotion is the last thing he expects. ", "But Department Q is a department of one, and Carl’s got only a stack of Copenhagen’s coldest cases for company. ", "His colleagues snicker, but Carl may have the last laugh, because one file keeps nagging at him: a liberal politician vanished five years earlier and is presumed dead. ", "But she isn’t dead … yet.", "\n\nDarkly humorous, propulsive, and atmospheric, The Keeper of Lost Causes introduces American readers to the mega-bestselling series fast becoming an international sensation.", "\n\nDisclosure: Most books that Night Owl reviews are received courtesy of the publisher, author or publicist. ", "In most cases - reviewers get to keep the books they review and choose the books they will review themselves from an available to review database and based on their favorite authors and genres. ", "Publishers, authors and publicists are not guaranteed a glowing review just because they have provided a copy of their book for review. ", "Reviews are based on each individual reviewers opinion and not based on receiving a free copy of the work." ]

{ "pile_set_name": "Pile-CC" }

[ 0.019011406844106463, 0.01507537688442211, 0.005050505050505051, 0.005434782608695652, 0.011235955056179775, 0.012345679012345678, 0.008547008547008548, 0.017857142857142856, 0.010309278350515464, 0.009009009009009009, 0.012987012987012988, 0.012345679012345678, 0.022277227722772276, 0.011695906432748537, 0.009900990099009901, 0.009259259259259259, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0.005434782608695652, 0, 0, 0, 0.014492753623188406, 0.013333333333333334, 0.025510204081632654, 0.016304347826086956, 0, 0.011904761904761904, 0.008849557522123894, 0.01098901098901099, 0.010416666666666666, 0, 0.005681818181818182, 0.015037593984962405, 0.008695652173913044, 0, 0.017857142857142856, 0.005952380952380952, 0, 0.005747126436781609, 0, 0, 0, 0 ]

[ "Effects of dairy products naturally enriched with cis-9,trans-11 conjugated linoleic acid on the blood lipid profile in healthy middle-aged men.", "\nInterest in the development of dairy products naturally enriched in conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) exists. ", "However, feeding regimens that enhance the CLA content of milk also increase concentrations of trans-18:1 fatty acids. ", "The implications for human health are not yet known. ", "This study investigated the effects of consuming dairy products naturally enriched in cis-9,trans-11 CLA (and trans-11 18:1) on the blood lipid profile, the atherogenicity of LDL, and markers of inflammation and insulin resistance in healthy middle-aged men. ", "Healthy middle-aged men (n = 32) consumed ultra-heat-treated milk, butter, and cheese that provided 0.151 g/d (control) or 1.421 g/d (modified) cis-9,trans-11 CLA for 6 wk. ", "This was followed by a 7-wk washout and a crossover to the other treatment. ", "Consumption of dairy products enriched with cis-9,trans-11 CLA and trans-11 18:1 did not significantly affect body weight, inflammatory markers, insulin, glucose, triacylglycerols, or total, LDL, and HDL cholesterol but resulted in a small increase in the ratio of LDL to HDL cholesterol. ", "The modified dairy products changed LDL fatty acid composition but had no significant effect on LDL particle size or the susceptibility of LDL to oxidation. ", "Overall, increased consumption of full-fat dairy products and naturally derived trans fatty acids did not cause significant changes in cardiovascular disease risk variables, as may be expected on the basis of current health recommendations. ", "Dairy products naturally enriched with cis-9,trans-11 CLA and trans-11 18:1 do not appear to have a significant effect on the blood lipid profile." ]

{ "pile_set_name": "PubMed Abstracts" }

[ 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0.0034602076124567475, 0, 0, 0 ]

[ "// Copyright 2016 The Chromium Authors. ", "All rights reserved.", "\n// Use of this source code is governed by a BSD-style license that can be\n// found in the LICENSE file.", "\n\n#include \"content/browser/memory/memory_coordinator.h\"\n\n#include \"base/memory/memory_pressure_monitor.h\"\n#include \"base/message_loop/message_loop.h\"\n#include \"base/run_loop.h\"\n#include \"mojo/public/cpp/bindings/binding.h\"\n\n#include \"testing/gtest/include/gtest/gtest.h\"\n\nnamespace content {\n\nnamespace {\n\nvoid RunUntilIdle() {\n base::RunLoop loop;\n loop.", "RunUntilIdle();\n}\n\n} // namespace\n\n// A mock ChildMemoryCoordinator, for testing interaction between MC and CMC.", "\nclass MockChildMemoryCoordinator : public mojom::ChildMemoryCoordinator {\n public:\n MockChildMemoryCoordinator()\n : state_(mojom::MemoryState::UNKNOWN),\n on_state_change_calls_(0) {}\n\n ~MockChildMemoryCoordinator() override {}\n\n void OnStateChange(mojom::MemoryState state) override {\n state_ = state;\n ++on_state_change_calls_;\n }\n\n mojom::MemoryState state() const { return state_; }\n int on_state_change_calls() const { return on_state_change_calls_; }\n\n private:\n mojom::MemoryState state_;\n int on_state_change_calls_;\n};\n\n// A MemoryCoordinator that can be directly constructed.", "\nclass TestMemoryCoordinator : public MemoryCoordinator {\n public:\n // Mojo machinery for wrapping a mock ChildMemoryCoordinator.", "\n struct Child {\n Child(mojom::ChildMemoryCoordinatorPtr* cmc_ptr) : cmc_binding(&cmc) {\n cmc_binding.", "Bind(mojo::GetProxy(cmc_ptr));\n RunUntilIdle();\n }\n\n MockChildMemoryCoordinator cmc;\n mojo::Binding<mojom::ChildMemoryCoordinator> cmc_binding;\n };\n\n TestMemoryCoordinator() {}\n ~TestMemoryCoordinator() override {}\n\n using MemoryCoordinator::OnConnectionError;\n\n MockChildMemoryCoordinator* CreateChildMemoryCoordinator(\n int process_id) {\n mojom::ChildMemoryCoordinatorPtr cmc_ptr;\n children_.push_back(std::unique_ptr<Child>(new Child(&cmc_ptr)));\n AddChildForTesting(process_id, std::move(cmc_ptr));\n return &children_.back()->cmc;\n }\n\n // Wrapper of MemoryCoordinator::SetMemoryState that also calls RunUntilIdle.", "\n bool SetChildMemoryState(\n int render_process_id, mojom::MemoryState memory_state) {\n bool result = MemoryCoordinator::SetChildMemoryState(\n render_process_id, memory_state);\n RunUntilIdle();\n return result;\n }\n\n std::vector<std::unique_ptr<Child>> children_;\n};\n\n// Test fixture.", "\nclass MemoryCoordinatorTest : public testing::Test {\n private:\n // Needed for mojo.", "\n base::MessageLoop message_loop_;\n};\n\nTEST_F(MemoryCoordinatorTest, ChildRemovedOnConnectionError) {\n TestMemoryCoordinator mc;\n mc.", "CreateChildMemoryCoordinator(1);\n ASSERT_EQ(1u, mc.", "NumChildrenForTesting());\n mc.", "OnConnectionError(1);\n EXPECT_EQ(0u, mc.", "NumChildrenForTesting());\n}\n\nTEST_F(MemoryCoordinatorTest, SetMemoryStateFailsInvalidState) {\n TestMemoryCoordinator mc;\n auto cmc1 = mc.", "CreateChildMemoryCoordinator(1);\n\n EXPECT_FALSE(mc.", "SetChildMemoryState(1, mojom::MemoryState::UNKNOWN));\n EXPECT_EQ(0, cmc1->on_state_change_calls());\n}\n\nTEST_F(MemoryCoordinatorTest, SetMemoryStateFailsInvalidRenderer) {\n TestMemoryCoordinator mc;\n auto cmc1 = mc.", "CreateChildMemoryCoordinator(1);\n\n EXPECT_FALSE(mc.", "SetChildMemoryState(2, mojom::MemoryState::THROTTLED));\n EXPECT_EQ(0, cmc1->on_state_change_calls());\n}\n\nTEST_F(MemoryCoordinatorTest, SetMemoryStateNotDeliveredNop) {\n TestMemoryCoordinator mc;\n auto cmc1 = mc.", "CreateChildMemoryCoordinator(1);\n\n EXPECT_FALSE(mc.", "SetChildMemoryState(2, mojom::MemoryState::NORMAL));\n EXPECT_EQ(0, cmc1->on_state_change_calls());\n}\n\nTEST_F(MemoryCoordinatorTest, SetMemoryStateDelivered) {\n TestMemoryCoordinator mc;\n auto cmc1 = mc.", "CreateChildMemoryCoordinator(1);\n auto cmc2 = mc.", "CreateChildMemoryCoordinator(2);\n\n EXPECT_TRUE(mc.", "SetChildMemoryState(1, mojom::MemoryState::THROTTLED));\n EXPECT_EQ(1, cmc1->on_state_change_calls());\n EXPECT_EQ(mojom::MemoryState::THROTTLED, cmc1->state());\n\n EXPECT_TRUE(mc.", "SetChildMemoryState(2, mojom::MemoryState::SUSPENDED));\n EXPECT_EQ(1, cmc2->on_state_change_calls());\n EXPECT_EQ(mojom::MemoryState::SUSPENDED, cmc2->state());\n}\n\n} // namespace content\n" ]

{ "pile_set_name": "Github" }

[ 0.025, 0, 0.019230769230769232, 0, 0.008849557522123894, 0.0016366612111292963, 0.007692307692307693, 0, 0.004580152671755725, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0.024390243902439025, 0, 0, 0.004608294930875576, 0, 0.004672897196261682, 0, 0.004878048780487805, 0, 0, 0, 0.005291005291005291 ]

[ "Q:\n\nHow to know asynchronously detect if async subprocess has terminated\n\nI'm trying to use asyncio.create_subprocess_exec to launch a long-running process (a daemon sort of).", "\nHowever I cannot await on it to know if the process has succeeded/failed. ", "I have to asynchronously detect if the process has failed and handle it at that point. ", "Otherwise I leave the subprocess daemon running and communicate with it over TCP/IP.", "\nI could use a signal handler on SIGCHLD, but does asyncio have some built-in functionality to create a handler for the subprocess?", "\nimport asyncio\nimport subprocess\n\nasync def main():\n command = [\"./some-long-running-daemon\"]\n process = await asyncio.create_subprocess_exec(*command, stdin=subprocess.", "PIPE, stdout=subprocess.", "PIPE, stderr=subprocess.", "PIPE)\n print(process.returncode) # this is None\n\nif __name__ == \"__main__\":\n asyncio.run(main())\n\nI discovered that async create subprocess doesn't seem to behave well with the SIGCHILD at all (the handler doesn't even run). ", "Whereas subprocess.", "Popen does. ", "The Popen also has a poll() method whereas the async subprocess doesn't. ", "It seems Popen is the right thing to use.", "\n\nA:\n\nIf you're happy to write a signal handler, why not just create a new task that waits on the process to finish? ", "You can then have your main task continue on doing whatever it wants.", "\nimport asyncio\nimport subprocess\n\nasync def child_done(proc):\n stdout, stderr = await proc.communicate()\n print('child done. ", "output:', stdout, '-- return code was:', proc.returncode)\n\nasync def main():\n proc = await asyncio.create_subprocess_exec('ls', stdout=subprocess.", "PIPE)\n asyncio.create_task(child_done(proc))\n # do other stuff\n await asyncio.sleep(1)\n print('main done')\n\nif __name__ == '__main__':\n asyncio.run(main())\n\nWhich gives you output like:\nchild done. ", "output: b'asyncio-test.py\\n' -- return code was: 0\nmain done\n\n" ]

{ "pile_set_name": "StackExchange" }

[ 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0.004329004329004329, 0, 0, 0.0136986301369863, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0 ]

[ "\n\n\n\n\n\n\nNUMBER 13-01-00632-CV\n\n\nCOURT OF APPEALS\n\n\nTHIRTEENTH DISTRICT OF TEXAS\n\n\nCORPUS CHRISTI - EDINBURG\n\n______________________________________________________________\n\nBUCK SETTLE, INDIVIDUALLY AND \t\t\t\t\t Appellant,\nD/B/A BUCK'S TRUCK SALES, INC.,", "\t\nv.\n\n\nGREGORIO ZAMORA, III,\tAppellee.", "\n_____________________________________________________________\n\nOn Appeal from the 206th District Court\n\nof Hidalgo County, Texas.", "\n\n______________________________________________________________\n\nMEMORANDUM OPINION\n\n \nBefore Justices Rodriguez, Garza, and Vela\n\nMemorandum Opinion Per Curiam\n\n\tThis appeal was abated by this Court on April 18, 2002, due to the bankruptcy of\r\none of the parties to this appeal. ", " See 11 U.S.C. § 362; see generally Tex. ", "R. App. ", "P. 8. ", "\r\nSince the abatement there has been no activity in this appeal. ", " On January 15, 2009, the\r\nCourt ordered the parties to file an advisory regarding the status of the appeal and, if\r\napplicable, a motion to reinstate the appeal or a motion to dismiss the appeal. ", " The order \r\nnotified the parties that failure to respond to the order would result in reinstatement and\r\ndismissal of the appeal for want of prosecution. ", " \n\tThe parties have failed to respond. ", " Accordingly, we reinstate and dismiss the\r\nappeal for want of prosecution. ", " See Tex. ", "R. App. ", "P. 42.3(b).", "\n\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tPER CURIAM\n\nMemorandum Opinion delivered and filed this\nthe 26th day of February, 2009. ", "\n\n\n\n\n \n" ]

{ "pile_set_name": "FreeLaw" }

[ 0.012, 0.05263157894736842, 0.007692307692307693, 0.014234875444839857, 0, 0.125, 0, 0, 0.005076142131979695, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0.125, 0, 0, 0 ]

[ "Lessons (Buffy the Vampire Slayer)\n\n\"Lessons\" is the first episode of the seventh season of the television show Buffy the Vampire Slayer. ", "Dawn finds vengeful spirits in the new Sunnydale High while Giles is rehabilitating Willow in England.", "\n\nPlot \n\nIstanbul: A dark-haired girl runs through an arched hallway, looking over her shoulder and panting. ", "She's being chased by two people in hooded cloaks. ", "After trying various escape routes, she is trapped in a dead-end. ", "She sees a drain pipe and tries to use it to scale the building. ", "The people chasing her grab her foot, but she manages to escape their grip and easily climbs up to the roof. ", "There, another hooded figure is waiting and pushes her off the building. ", "She screams, but she lands on the ground alive, on her back. ", "Two hooded figures hold her down, yet she fights back. ", "A third figure raises an arched, shiny, silver dagger and stabs her.", "\n\nBuffy is in Sunnydale training her sister how to fight vampires. ", "She instructs Dawn that fighting and slaying are about power. ", "They discuss the fact that Sunnydale High has just reopened; Dawn will be attending for the first time.", "\n\nMeanwhile, Willow is studying with Giles in Westbury, England. ", "She studies magic and meditation with a coven of Wiccans that Giles knows. ", "She is learning control, but feels frightened and distraught because she \"killed people\".", "\n\nXander is working construction at Sunnydale High School. ", "He notes that the principal's office is right over the Hellmouth. ", "Buffy follows Dawn into the school where she meets Principal Robin Wood. ", "She goes into a bathroom, where she finds a mysterious talisman. ", "Upon seeing the talisman, she sees a dead girl who threatens her. ", "She says Buffy was unable to protect her, and that she will not be able to protect Dawn either.", "\n\nAnya is still in the vengeance business, and is drinking coffee with her fellow vengeance demon Halfrek. \"", "Hallie\" tells Anya that the other demons are noticing a lack of quality in her work. ", "She adds, \"Something's rising. ", "Something older than the old ones, and everybody's tail is twitching. ", "This is a bad time to be a good guy.\"", "\n\nBuffy tries to warn Dawn, but ends up only embarrassing her in front of her whole class. ", "Dawn then sees a similar dead student. ", "She hurries to the bathroom where she meets Kit Holburn, who has also been seeing things. ", "They are about to leave the bathroom when the floor caves in and they wind up in the high school basement.", "\n\nBack in England, Willow has a terrible vision of \"the Earth's teeth\"—the Hellmouth. ", "She tells Giles, who has taught her that everything is connected, that not everything that is connected to the earth is good.", "\n\nDawn and Kit run into another student in the basement, Carlos Trejo, who says he saw a dead janitor. ", "They are soon confronted by the three dead people. ", "The dead people tell them that everyone dies in Sunnydale, and they will be no different. ", "Dawn calls Buffy on her new cell phone. ", "Buffy descends into the basement to help Dawn, only to run into the three dead people herself. ", "After a brief conversation (the dead girl, for example, says that she \"was ripped to death by a werewolf\"), Buffy realizes that the three dead people are trying to prevent her from going through a certain door. ", "Buffy makes it to the door on her second try. ", "She opens the door, but instead of finding Dawn and the other two students, Buffy finds a deranged Spike.", "\n\nOnce Buffy and Spike are alone in this part of the basement, Buffy having locked the dead people out on the other side of the door, she realizes that not only is Spike in a poor mental state, he is in terrible physical condition as well. ", "She asks him about a series of cuts on his chest, and he replies that he tried to \"cut it out\". ", "Before their conversation can continue, Dawn calls Buffy again. ", "In spite of Spike's mad rambling, he is able to tell Buffy that the dead students are not zombies or 'ghosts', but \"manifest spirits controlled by a talisman, raised to seek vengeance.\" ", "Buffy tells Dawn to find a weapon because the spirits are corporeal, and then leaves Spike's presence once she realizes that he is in no shape to help her.", "\n\nBuffy then calls Xander and tells him to seek and destroy the talisman. ", "Buffy follows Dawn's screams to another room in the basement, where she finds Dawn has made a weapon from a purse filled with bricks. ", "Dawn throws the weapon to Buffy, who then fights the spirits off as Xander wrestles with one in the bathroom after locating the talisman. ", "Xander breaks it and the spirits disappear.", "\n\nBack in the school proper, Buffy sends Dawn, Kit, and Carlos off to class with some words of advice. ", "Principal Wood is impressed that Buffy is able to convince Kit and Carlos, the only two students with school records as long as Buffy's, to socialize and to go to class. ", "He offers her a job working as a counselor at the school, and she gladly accepts.", "\n\nSpike huddles in the school basement and tells an apparition of Warren Mears that he has prepared a speech to give Buffy, but she will not understand what he has to say. ", "As Warren paces around Spike, he morphs successively into Glory, Adam, Mayor Wilkins, Drusilla and the Master - the previous villains of the series in reverse order. ", "They all speak to Spike about a plan \"to go back to the beginning,\" and finally, the Master morphs into Buffy, telling Spike that \"it's not about right, not about wrong... it's about power.\"", "\n\nCast\n\nStarring \n Sarah Michelle Gellar as Buffy Summers/The First Evil\n Nicholas Brendon as Xander Harris\n Michelle Trachtenberg as Dawn Summers\n Emma Caulfield as Anya Jenkins\n James Marsters as Spike\n Alyson Hannigan as Willow Rosenberg\n\nSpecial Guest Starring \n Anthony Head as Rupert Giles\n\nGuest Starring \n DB Woodside as Robin Wood\n Alex Breckenridge as Kit Holburn\n Kali Rocha as Halfrek\n Mark Metcalf as The First/The Master\n Juliet Landau as The First/Drusilla\n Harry Groener as The First/Richard Wilkins\n George Hertzberg as The First/Adam\n Clare Kramer as The First/Glory\n Adam Busch as The First/Warren Mears\n David Zepeda as Carlos Trejo\n\nProduction \n\nThe scenes set in Westbury were actually shot at Anthony Head's house in Somerset, England. ", "He owns the horse seen in the episode, and it is named \"Otto\".", "\n\nKali Rocha filmed all of her scenes for this season in one day, including those in \"Selfless\".", "\n\nContinuity\n As Buffy accompanies Dawn to her high school, she warns her to stay away from \"hyena people, lizardy-type athletes and invisible people\" referencing the monsters Buffy encountered throughout her high school in season 1 and 2.", "\n Willow says that her helpers in the coven look at her as though \"I'm gonna turn them all into bangers and mash, or something.\" ", "Bangers and mash is a traditional English dish, consisting of sausages (bangers) and mashed potatoes.", "\n As Buffy, Dawn and her friends are exiting the basement, Buffy comments that the school seems 'a bit smaller,' which is the same comment Willow and Xander make as they walk through the charred remains in season 4.", "\n Halfrek says, \"Do I have to mention Mrs. Czolgosz?\" ", "A writer at the BuffyGuide.com site says, \"Czolgosz...assasinated [sic] President William McKinley at the Buffalo Pan-American Exposition in September 1901. ", "In 1900, Czolgosz, then 23, married Emma Wisemki, a 17-year-old German immigrant whom he had apparently gotten pregnant... Stephen Sondheim, of whom Joss Whedon is a big fan, wrote about this event in \"The Ballad of Czolgosz\" in his musical Assassins.", "\n Spike's in the basement of the newly refurbished Sunnydale High, The First appears before him as a host of former villains: Warren, Glory, Adam, the Mayor, Drusilla and Buffy's first big bad, the Master, and since it is able to appear as those who have died, its last manifestation is as Buffy herself.", "\n This is the only time that Spike and the Master appear together, though the Master is only a manifestation of the First, and Spike and the Master never actually met onscreen. ", "Spike and Mayor Wilkins have not met onscreen, either.", "\n In season 6's DVD extras, the cast appeared on Academy of TV Arts and Sciences Panel Discussion. ", "Here Michelle Trachtenberg said that she'd been begging Whedon to let her character wear black, seeing as she'd never been allowed to in order to keep her looking youthful and innocent. ", "Dawn is seen wearing almost all black here on her first day of school.", "\n Buffy gives Dawn, Kit, and Carlos advice after rescuing them from the basement: \"School is intense, but you'll do all right as long as you're careful. ", "And you might want to think about sticking together.\" ", "Kit and Carlos do not, however, appear in later episodes, although Dawn is on the phone with Kit when the First begins causing chaos at the Summers house.", "\n\nArc significance\n\n The First comments, in the guise of Buffy, that everything is about 'Power' (which is the theme of season seven). ", "This is a conclusion that Buffy herself comes to twice: once while facing Glory and then again in the series finale.", "\n The First makes its first appearance since season 3, where it was seen tormenting the first vampire with a soul, Angel.", "\n The First was able to come back to attempt the annihilation of the Slayer line through Buffy's resurrection, which was carried out at the beginning of the 6th season by Willow, Xander, Anya, and Tara.", "\n While in the basement Spike talks to the First saying \"I had a speech I learned it all.\" ", "Spike professes this speech to Buffy in the next episode.", "\n\nPop culture allusions\n Willow says to Giles that \"you go all Dumbledore on me.\"", "\n Dawn says, \"Check out double-O Xander,\" referring to James Bond, code name 007.", "\n When Xander teasingly asks Buffy how you \"make\" cereal, she says, \"I saw it on The Food Channel.\"", "\n As Dawn leaves Buffy in the High School, she references The Twilight Zone episode \"To Serve Man\": \"I know: You never know what's coming. ", "The stake is not the power. ", "To Serve Man is a cookbook. ", "I love you. ", "Go away.\"", "\n Dawn tells her teacher and class, \"I'm very into Britney Spears' early work.\"", "\n Principal Wood says, \"Curiouser and curiouser.\" ", "This is a reference to the 1865 Lewis Carroll book Alice's Adventures in Wonderland; Chapter Two begins with Alice exclaiming, \"Curiouser and curiouser!\"", "\n\nReferences\n\nExternal links \n\n \n \n\nCategory:Buffy the Vampire Slayer (season 7) episodes\nCategory:2002 American television episodes\nCategory:Television episodes about ghosts\nCategory:Television episodes written by Joss Whedon\nCategory:Television episodes about revenge\nCategory:Television episodes about zombies\nCategory:Television episodes set in England\nCategory:Television episodes set in Turkey" ]

{ "pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)" }

[ 0, 0.0196078431372549, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0.014925373134328358, 0, 0.019417475728155338, 0.03076923076923077, 0.013333333333333334, 0, 0.01694915254237288, 0, 0.0136986301369863, 0, 0, 0.010526315789473684, 0.018518518518518517, 0.011764705882352941, 0, 0, 0, 0.01098901098901099, 0, 0.011111111111111112, 0, 0, 0.008, 0.019417475728155338, 0, 0.011111111111111112, 0, 0.010526315789473684, 0, 0, 0, 0.008333333333333333, 0, 0.015625, 0, 0, 0.013513513513513514, 0.014925373134328358, 0, 0, 0.019417475728155338, 0.01764705882352941, 0, 0.005813953488372093, 0.018072289156626505, 0.005263157894736842, 0.026350461133069828, 0, 0.010416666666666666, 0, 0, 0, 0.009302325581395349, 0.018518518518518517, 0.012738853503184714, 0.01593625498007968, 0.006578947368421052, 0.011299435028248588, 0.018518518518518517, 0.010101010101010102, 0.005376344086021506, 0, 0.013071895424836602, 0, 0.032467532467532464, 0, 0, 0.008264462809917356, 0.009900990099009901, 0.01098901098901099, 0, 0.012345679012345678, 0.012345679012345678, 0.010101010101010102, 0.007194244604316547, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0.012658227848101266, 0.02, 0.0196078431372549, 0.005012531328320802 ]

[ "Khoo Kay Kim\n\nTan Sri Dr. Khoo Kay Kim (; 28 March 1937 – 28 May 2019) was a Malaysian historian of Chinese descent. ", "He was honoured with Emeritus Professor title by the University of Malaya in 2001. ", "In January 2011, Khoo was appointed Chancellor of KDU University College.", "\n\nBiography \nKhoo Kay Kim was born to Peranakan Chinese parents in Kampar, Perak, Malaysia on 28 March 1937. ", "He received a B.A., M.A., and a Ph.D. in 1959, 1967, and 1974 respectively from the University of Malaya. ", "His doctoral thesis was entitled The Beginnings of Political Extremism in Malaya 1915-1935 (1974), where he was supervised by Kennedy G. Tregonning, the Raffles Professor of History at the University of Malaya. ", "Khoo was one of the co-authors of Rukunegara. ", "He was a highly regarded national academic for his views on local sports and socio-political issues.", "\n\nHe was the father of traditional arts and culture advocate Eddin Khoo and dancer Mavin Khoo.", "\n\nDeath \nKhoo died of lung failure on 28 May 2019, Tuesday morning at the University Malaya Medical Centre (UMMC), Petaling Jaya, Selangor at the age of 82.", "\n\nHonours\n\nAwards and accolades \n :\n The 10th \"Tokoh Akademik Negara\" of the National Academic Awards or Anugerah Akademik Negara (AAN) (2017)\n Merdeka Award for Outstanding Scholastic Achievement (2018)\n\nHonours of Malaysia \n :\n Companion of the Order of Loyalty to the Crown of Malaysia (JSM) - (1983)\n Commander of the Order of Loyalty to the Crown of Malaysia (PSM) - Tan Sri (2008)\n :\n Knight Commander of the Order of the Perak State Crown (DPMP) - Dato' (1987)\n :\n Knight Commander of the Order of the Crown of Selangor (DPMS) - Dato' (2009)\n\nPlaces named after him \nIn July 2019, the Selangor state government with the consent of the Sultan of Selangor, Sultan Sharafuddin Idris Shah decided to renamed Jalan Semangat in Petaling Jaya as Jalan Prof. Khoo Kay Kim in honouring the Khoo's contributions during his life.", "\n\nSelected bibliography \n\n Autobiography I, KKK published 2017\n\nReferences\n\nExternal links \n History of Malaysia. ", "Malaysian National Library. ", "URL accessed on 10 April 2006.", "\n\nCategory:1937 births\nCategory:2019 deaths\nCategory:People from Perak\nCategory:Malaysian people of Chinese descent\nCategory:Malaysian people of Hokkien descent\nCategory:Malaysian people of Peranakan descent\nCategory:Malaysian historians\nCategory:Malaysian academics\nCategory:Historians of Southeast Asia\nCategory:Commanders of the Order of Loyalty to the Crown of Malaysia\nCategory:20th-century Malaysian writers\nCategory:21st-century Malaysian writers\nCategory:20th-century historians\nCategory:21st-century historians\nCategory:Malaysian male writers\nCategory:20th-century male writers\nCategory:University of Malaya alumni\nCategory:University of Malaya faculty" ]

{ "pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)" }

[ 0.017094017094017096, 0.012048192771084338, 0.0273972602739726, 0.01834862385321101, 0.009433962264150943, 0.009478672985781991, 0.021739130434782608, 0, 0.02127659574468085, 0.019230769230769232, 0.01201923076923077, 0, 0.03571428571428571, 0, 0 ]

[ "UFCW Local 1059, the union representing 18,000 grocery and food distribution workers throughout Ohio, is asking Governor Mike DeWine to designate their members as First Responders during the pandemic.", "\n\n“We have sent a letter to Governor DeWine and want him to reclassify our UFCW members as First Responders,” says Randy Quickel, President of UFCW Local 1059, based in Columbus. “", "What that would do is give them the ability for free childcare and the ability, if indeed there are gloves and masks, give them gloves and masks. ", "Right now, we don’t have a lot of that accessible.”", "\n\nGov. DeWine has said the state will open emergency childcare centers for “essential service” workers. ", "But he hasn’t clarified whether this will include grocery store workers.", "\n\nMinnesota and Vermont designated grocery store workers “emergency personnel” earlier this week, meaning they will receive free childcare.", "\n\nQuickel also told the Free Press that Kroger, Meijer, other grocery stores, food processing plants, and food warehouses, should immediately increase wages during this time.", "\n\n“I don’t know the exact amount at this time but at this point in time I feel the membership is under great duress,” he says. “", "Under this stressful time that the companies, all of them, should look at their employees and our members and show respect, and give them a higher wage.”", "\n\nAs the crush of customers invaded grocery stores over the previous two weeks the realization the stores could become zones of community spread sent a chill through the ranks. ", "Their concerns soon played out on Reddit community boarddedicated to local issues.", "\n\n“Happy to still have a job but also nervous to keep going to work every day and exposing myself. ", "Kind of just coming to terms with the fact that myself and coworkers will undoubtedly get this virus,” wrote one Kroger employee.", "\n\n“We are trying. ", "Please stop yelling at us. ", "Please stop cussing at us. ", "Please stop taking things from people’s cart when they’re not looking,” wrote another Kroger employee. “", "I’m sorry I’m the 5th store you've been to and I don’t have your Cage Free String Cheese or Grass-fed Oysters. ", "Please remember, after we feed you with everything we have, we have to find groceries ourselves. ", "We’re really trying.”", "\n\n“Our night stock has been running full throttle, almost seven days a week for the last two weeks. ", "We’re in everyday, stocking, cleaning, adjusting, sanitizing. ", "Every day we try to figure out what we can afford to NOT order because no one wants it, and what I need no matter what.”", "\n\nIt’s not just grocery workers: “I’m a Kroger pharmacy tech – our supply lines are fine. ", "The medicines are not going to run out. ", "You don’t need to pay out of pocket to fill three month’s worth of medication right now. ", "And when you do, it may mean that someone who is genuinely out of medication today has to wait a day or two. ", "Please be kind.”", "\n\nEven if Governor DeWine were to drop the ball and not give grocery store workers First Responder status for whatever reasons, the reality is, they already are.", "\n\n“I never thought those of us in this industry would end up being First Responders,” said another Kroger employee." ]

{ "pile_set_name": "OpenWebText2" }

[ 0.01, 0.022222222222222223, 0, 0, 0.009615384615384616, 0, 0, 0.011494252873563218, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0.007751937984496124, 0, 0.037037037037037035, 0.037037037037037035, 0.009615384615384616, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0.011111111111111112, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0.012422360248447204, 0.017391304347826087 ]

[ "A pioneering modern residential structure in the Old Fourth Ward that every Atlantan has probably seen before could be bulldozed for \"an ultra-exclusive boutique hotel\" or \"ultra high-end boutique condo development\" if sellers have their way. ", "Johnny Gonzales, of Berkshire Hathaway HomeServices, listed the five-story residence that sits along the Freedom Parkway interstate exit for $5 million today, but given the site's commercial zoning, he's marketing it as a potential island from which a mid-rise project could have permanent panoramic views. ", "He's gone so far as to enlist DDS Studios to create a conceptual boutique hotel-condo to get the point across.", "\n\n\"It is a high price for a small lot to build on,\" Gonzales tells Curbed. \"", "But I do firmly believe that (with) a unique property like this — given its location in the heart of Old Fourth Ward, being on an 'urban island' with no immediate neighbors, and coupled with the finest views in the city — that the price is justified.\"", "\n\nThe property was marketed for substantially less — $3.5 million — back in the spring of 2014.", "\n\nSome history: The lot was purchased for $77,000 in 1996, and this four-bedroom home with 10,500 square feet (and 10 parking spaces) rose two years later, back when the Old Fourth Ward was less trendy. ", "Its builders had the foresight to maximize the views with walls of windows and multiple decks. ", "A cathedral ceiling and spiral staircase help maximize the interior airiness.", "\n\nOnly time will tell if promotional language like this is enough to drum up the right amount of interest:\n\n\"From the fourth and fifth floor, you have stunning views of all three of Atlanta’s skylines …downtown, Midtown, and Buckhead, as well as a glimpse of Stone Mountain. ", "Imagine what those views would look like from seven, 10, or 12 stories!\"", "\n\n\n\n" ]

{ "pile_set_name": "OpenWebText2" }

[ 0, 0.009771986970684038, 0.00909090909090909, 0.02631578947368421, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0 ]

[ "Challenges and Strategies for Speech-Language Pathologists Using the Lidcombe Program for Early Stuttering.", "\nThe Lidcombe program is a treatment for preschool-age children who stutter. ", "Studies indicate that its implementation is not always straightforward. ", "In this study, challenges that parents and speech-language pathologists (SLPs) encounter when implementing the Lidcombe program were identified, and strategies to address them were sought. ", "In Part 1, Lidcombe program treatment challenges were determined from 4 sources. ", "In Part 2, 7 SLPs with 15 to 23 years of Lidcombe program experience were interviewed to develop strategies to respond to the identified treatment challenges. ", "A template of the themes and a report with possible strategies are the outcomes of this study. ", "A total of 124 themes were identified, mostly related to the implementation of Lidcombe program procedures. ", "Strategies to deal with these challenges were formulated. ", "This study provides treatment challenges that parents or SLPs may encounter during the Lidcombe program. ", "It also provides strategies that SLPs can suggest to address them. ", "An added contribution of the findings is that SLPs in the clinic can now anticipate the sort of treatment challenges that parents may face. ", "A summary of the findings will be made available on the Australian Stuttering Research Centre website and through the Lidcombe Program Trainers Consortium." ]

{ "pile_set_name": "PubMed Abstracts" }

[ 0.009345794392523364, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0.012903225806451613 ]

[ "The Spiel Des Jahres 2017\n\nIt’s that time of year again – the Spiel Des Jahres nominees have been announced! ", "We took a look earlier in the week at the history of the Spiel Des Jahres awards and their significance within the gaming world.", "\n\nToday we analyse the actual nominees for 2017. ", "Are they worthy contenders or has it been a slow year? ", "And which one is going to win?", "\n\nThis is a very light deck-building game. ", "If you’re anything like me, you’re probably a bit sick of deck builders by now. ", "The only ones that really interest me these days are ones that combine deck building with an objective (and I don’t just mean scoring points!).", "\n\nEl Dorado (as I’ve taken to calling it) does just that though. ", "Each player controls an explorer racing through the jungle to get to the fabled lost city of El Dorado. ", "You have different cards in your deck for traversing different types of terrain. ", "Machetes for jungle, paddles for water, coins for villages, etc.", "\n\nLike other deck builders you can buy more cards to add to your deck, but time spent improving your deck is time you’re not spending making progress through the jungle.", "\n\nIt’s the lightest, most streamlined deck builder I’ve ever played – and I love it! ", "It’s a perfect family game. ", "The deck building element is very straightforward, but you get quite a bit of variation with the cards that can appear in the market for purchase.", "\n\nThe jungle is made from modular, double-sided tiles so the route through the jungle and the types of terrain vary a lot each time. ", "All in all, it has a high replayability factor and I would recommend it for any gaming family.", "\n\nMagic Maze has the strangest theme I’ve ever seen. ", "It’s a co-operative game where players control four fantasy characters (a mage, a warrior, a dwarf and an elf) attempting to shoplift weapons from their local shopping mall (complete with escalators)! ", "You couldn’t make it up! ", "Well, I guess someone has…\n\nIt’s a real-time game with no talking allowed. ", "Rather than a single player controlling a single character though, each player is assigned a direction of movement (North, East, South or West). ", "Players can move any character they wish, but only in the one direction that they have been assigned.", "\n\nThe premise is very simple. ", "You have to move around the mall, exploring tiles until each character finds their matching weapon and then they all have to race to an exit before the time runs out and they get caught.", "\n\nHowever, the level of co-operation required is high! ", "Moving a single character from one place to another in the maze will typically require moving in multiple different directions so you have lots of players all trying to move the character at the appropriate point. ", "Trying to do this with four characters is very challenging!", "\n\nThere are extra abilities (like moving up/down the escalators) that players may have, but you frequently end up in the situation where one player needs to do something and they don’t realise! ", "What can you do?", "\n\nThe only form of communication allowed is using a large red pawn. ", "You take it and place it in front of the player that needs to do something to indicate that they should act. ", "Or, more accurately, you grab the pawn and begin tapping it furiously on the table in front of them!", "\n\nIt’s so much fun! ", "You want to play it again as soon as it’s finished. ", "There are several difficulty levels so you can increase the difficulty once you get the hang of it, but that takes a while – it’s not easy!", "\n\nIn Kingdomino, players are laying domino tiles to make a kingdom in front of them. ", "Rather than numbers though, each domino has two different types of terrain on either end (eg. ", "forest, water, fields). ", "Each player is creating a separate kingdom and must keep the dominos within a 5×5 grid.", "\n\nAt the end of the game, players score points by multiplying the size of each area by the number of crowns that appear in that area. ", "Eg. ", "A forest that covers 4 spaces with 2 crowns in it would be worth 8 points.", "\n\nHow you acquire the tiles is the interesting thing. ", "There are four tiles laid out in the middle of the table in order of value (the better tiles, with more crowns on, are placed at the end). ", "In player order, players pick the tile they want, but their choice determines player order for the next round. ", "If you pick the worst tile, you will go first, but if you pick the best tile, you will go last.", "\n\nTrying to decide if you want a better tile this round in exchange for a very limited choice on the next round can be tricky! ", "There’s more luck in this game than the other two I feel, but it’s wonderfully simple and an excellent nominee for the award.", "\n\nIt is notoriously difficult to predict the winner of the Spiel Des Jahres.", "\n\nSo which one is going to win? ", "That’s the million dollar question. ", "Historically, though, it has been notoriously difficult to predict the winner of the Spiel Des Jahres. ", "The award prioritises family games and doesn’t always choose what most people would consider the best game.", "\n\nThat being said, I personally think El Dorado will win. ", "Magic Maze is my favourite, but it feels too difficult to play with children. ", "You might manage it with bright kids on the easier difficulty settings, but I think it will appeal more to adults.", "\n\nKingdomino is very good and certainly fits the bill as a family game, but nothing about it draws me in. ", "It’s rather abstract (despite the nice, colourful artwork) and doesn’t have much replayability: it’s more or less the same game each time. ", "My compatriots at Boardgame Opinions both reckon that Kingdomino will win though, so who knows?", "\n\nOverall, I think they are all great nominees. ", "However, to a certain extent, you could argue that it has been a slow year as the nominees are all very recent games. ", "Only one of them is currently available in the US.", "\n\nAt the time of the nominations, none of them had been released in the UK. ", "Kingdomino and Magic Maze have since been released, but Magic Maze sold out instantly. ", "You can’t get it for love nor money now.", "\n\nBeing Spiel Des Jahres nominees though, they are guaranteed to come back in stock in great numbers so you will definitely be able to get them later this year if you can’t get them now.", "\n\nWhich one do you think will win? ", "And which is your favourite? ", "The winner will be announced on 17th July.", "\n\nYou May Also Like\n\nLeave a Reply\n\nSubscribe\n\nNotify of\n\nThank you ! ", "Please check your email inbox to confirm.", "\n\nLorem Ipsum is simply dummy text of the printing and typesetting industry. ", "Lorem Ipsum has been the industry's standard dummy text ever since the 1500s, when an unknown printer took a galley of type and scrambled it to make a type specimen book. ", "It has survived not only five centuries, but also the leap into electronic typesetting, remaining essentially unchanged." ]

{ "pile_set_name": "Pile-CC" }

[ 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0.01282051282051282, 0, 0, 0, 0.021052631578947368, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0.022988505747126436, 0, 0.005376344086021506, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0.012987012987012988, 0.005847953216374269, 0 ]

[ "Revolución 12.111\n\nRevolución 12.111 is the third studio album by Spanish alternative metal band Hamlet. ", "This album is a mix of hardcore punk and alternative metal with elements of rap metal. ", "Zero was created to release this album. ", "The LP was recorded, produced and mixed by Tom Morris.", "\n\nTrack listing\n J.F.\n Razismo es desigualdad\n Poseer bajo sumisión\n Egoísmo\n No me jodas\n El color de los pañuelos\n Creerse Dios\n La tierra de Paco\n Legalizar\n El pequeño dictador\n Crónica Antisocial\n La pesadilla\n Habitación 106\n Hombre del 2000\n No invasión\n\nMembers \nJ. Molly - Vocals\nLuis Tárraga - Lead guitar\nPedro Sánchez - Rhythm guitar\nAugusto Hernández - Bass, chorus\nPaco Sánchez - Drums\n\nSources \nReview of the album in zona-zero.net\nInfo of the album\n\nCategory:1996 albums\nCategory:Hamlet (band) albums\nCategory:Alternative metal albums\nCategory:Rap metal albums" ]

{ "pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)" }

[ 0.009523809523809525, 0, 0, 0.018518518518518517, 0.008680555555555556 ]

[ "Hypersonic jet Waverider eyes Mach 6 By Katia Moskvitch\n\nTechnology reporter, BBC News Published duration 15 August 2012\n\nmedia caption Archive footage from May 2010 shows the Waverider in action\n\nThe US military has conducted a test flight of its hypersonic jet Waverider, aiming to reach Mach 6 (3,600mph; 5795km/h) above the Pacific Ocean.", "\n\nAt that speed it could travel from London to New York in about an hour. ", "Results from the test flight are expected later on Wednesday.", "\n\nThe Pentagon and Nasa hope to use the project to develop faster missiles.", "\n\nDuring a test in June 2011, Waverider travelled at Mach 5, but failed to reach the target speed.", "\n\nIt is one of several projects currently under way to create a hypersonic aircraft.", "\n\nThe research could also be used to build a commercial plane, able to reach much higher speeds than today's jets, after Concorde was decommissioned in 2003.", "\n\nFive-minute flight\n\nThe military used a B-52 bomber to lift the wingless unmanned jet from US Edwards Air Force Base in California to 50,000 ft (15,250m) between 1700 and 1800GMT.", "\n\nAfter being dropped from the B-52, the engine of the X-51A Waverider was supposed to ignite after a free fall of about four seconds.", "\n\nThe 8m long craft was then expected to climb to 70,000ft (21,300m) and eventually reach Mach 6.", "\n\nThe results of the test flight would be available later on Wednesday, a military spokesman said in a statement.", "\n\nThe Mach number is the ratio of the speed of an object to the speed of sound. ", "Mach 1 is the speed of sound - approximately 768mph, depending on various factors including temperature and altitude.", "\n\nSo Mach 6 is six times the speed of sound. ", "Concorde's cruising speed was Mach 2 - it flew from London to New York in just over three hours.", "\n\nThe Waverider test flight was expected to last for about five minutes before the craft fell into the Pacific.", "\n\nThe test is essentially a repeat of last summer's attempt, when the hypersonic aircraft reached Mach 5, but the engine failed to attain full power.", "\n\nConcorde's legacy?", "\n\nEuropean aerospace and defence giant EADS believes that hypersonic passenger flights are likely to appear in the near future. ", "In 2011, EADS presented its own concept of a commercial high-speed aircraft designed to fly at Mach 4.", "\n\nimage caption The Filton Concorde was the last of the fleet to fly when the jet was withdrawn from service\n\n\"The business community who wanted to be in New York in three hours made Concorde highly viable, and now there's interest on both sides of the Atlantic to jump a generation and go from supersonic flight to hypersonic flight,\" EADS' vice-president of business development, Peter Robbie, told the BBC.", "\n\n\"Such an aircraft will be very expensive, of course, because of the enormous amounts of energy that is required to get to such speeds.", "\n\n\"But the idea of going from Tokyo to Paris in two-and-a-half hours is very attractive for the business and political community - and I think that by about 2050, there may be a viable commercial aircraft.\"", "\n\nIn August 2011, US military scientists attempted to get another unmanned hypersonic experimental aircraft to reach Mach 20 - 20 times the speed of sound.", "\n\nHowever, they lost contact with the Falcon Hypersonic Test Vehicle 2 (HTV-2) after it had separated from its rocket." ]

{ "pile_set_name": "OpenWebText2" }

[ 0.02046783625730994, 0, 0, 0.02666666666666667, 0.01020408163265306, 0, 0, 0.0055248618784530384, 0.007462686567164179, 0.010309278350515464, 0, 0.0125, 0, 0.022222222222222223, 0.020833333333333332, 0.009009009009009009, 0.006711409395973154, 0, 0.0078125, 0.00980392156862745, 0.009779951100244499, 0, 0, 0.0064516129032258064, 0.00847457627118644 ]

[ "To better understand who invests in crypto and ICOs, why they do it, and how exactly they make trades, in late 2017—at the peak of the crypto mania—I set out to study people behind the billions in investment and speculative trading.", "\n\nResearch Background\n\nIn the run-up market highs in December 2017, seemingly everyone was getting in on the action. ", "Crypto was making front page news as investors of all stripes rushed into the market thinking it was a once-in-a-lifetime opportunity.", "\n\nMany were enticed by increasingly easy—and unregulated—onramps, through apps and exchanges trading popular currency pairs. ", "Then came the reckoning, where most lost their investments in a prolonged and protracted bear market. ", "However, do people understand who “invests” in cryptocurrency? ", "Not really.", "\n\nIn this study, I wanted to get behind the news headlines, the drama and trolls, the “market analyses,” and instead speak with real people to see what makes them tick. ", "What follows here is a condensed and edited version of this research, recently published in my comprehensive book, Cryptocurrencies and Blockchains.", "\n\nWho Trades Crypto?", "\n\nThere are many kinds of crypto traders, from every stripe of the Silicon Valley “crypto bros” to “bitcoin moms” and “crypto chicks.” ", "For the purposes of my research, I interviewed six hobbyist traders and six professional traders, who were typically managers of large funds that invest exclusively in crypto.", "\n\nThe results of this study suggest that this investment market presents numerous unique challenges, but that nonetheless, these traders see themselves as pioneers in an exciting new investment class. ", "I also discovered some unethical and borderline illegal activities, but for the most part, I found a community of people seeking greater regulatory clarity and increased professionalization.", "\n\nOverall, these investors acted much like traditional venture capital investors, who make big, risky bets, with the hope for just a few successes and big payouts. ", "Finance and capital in the world of cryptocurrencies and blockchain technologies present economic and social opportunity and risk, and, like the Gold Rush in the Wild West, there are fortunes to be made and lost.", "\n\nNew Exotics of the Second Decade\n\nIf it is true that high-flying financial instruments were, to borrow a phrase from anthropologist Bill Maurer, the “new exotic” of the first decade of the millennium, then surely cryptocurrencies and blockchains must be the new exotic for the second decade.", "\n\nCryptocurrencies and blockchain technologies are part of a larger “fintech moment,” and an important part, as they are increasing the already ongoing algorithmization and obfuscation of financial activities, exemplifying the virtual and performative nature of financial instruments and increasing the social, physical, and moral distance between money and its agents. ", "As such, these global changes present real risks that reach far beyond the individual, perhaps clueless, investor.", "\n\nNeither inherently bad or good, crypto is a powerful new financial engine for a broader financial technology sector with still largely unknown social and political characteristics and implications. ", "But of course, speculative investing in crypto does pose serious individual financial risks, and sane financial advice would be to caution against it for all but the most risk-tolerant investors.", "\n\nHuge Risks in Most Aspects\n\nPractically speaking, there are huge risks in every part of the investment: exchanges and wallets are frequently hacked or mismanaged (many exchanges have disappeared due to ineptitude or outright criminality, often absconding with investors’ funds), investment scams are rampant, markets and prices are easily and commonly manipulated, many markets are so “thin” that trading is practically illiquid, usability and operations management are complex and error-prone (millions have been lost by simple and irreversible transaction errors), and trading fees are often high (see David Gerard’s hilarious and trenchant account of the many crypto hijinks). ", "And of course, a big part of the reason investment is risky is that the crypto market in most jurisdictions remains largely unregulated, uncertain, and evolving.", "\n\nDespite the considerable risk, many of the investors I spoke with believe the investment market is a rare opportunity. ", "Of course, several reported making early mistakes, but all more than recovered in the runup to 2018, although in the bear market, some hedge funds have closed and many hobbyists have been unable to earn back their losses.", "\n\nMore generally, it remains to be seen whether the future market is going to be a massive new investment class, as the investors I spoke with believe, or something much smaller. ", "Will the crypto market scale to the size of a mainstream financial derivative, like options (hundreds of trillions), or a subclass like NASDAQ technology stock index (trillions)? ", "Or, perhaps crypto will emerge as a new kind of commodity, trading alongside the palm oil market (billions)?", "\n\nHow Hobbyists and Professionals Differ\n\nI found that when hobbyists traded crypto, they characterized their activities in profoundly social terms; professional traders, on the other hand, characterized their activities in a more dispassionate and technical way. ", "In a sense, this is not surprising.", "\n\nWhat is remarkable is the degree to which hobbyists saw their “communities” as essential to their investment activities. ", "For instance, many hobbyists reported active engagement in social media, although, importantly, almost never made trade decisions based on these social interactions. ", "Instead, hobby traders actively collaborated in an “ideational” way, alerting each other to new ICOs, changes in software development teams, and new market opportunities. ", "One participant had even formed a kind of “water cooler” group of like-minded individuals at her place of work, leveraging the shared interest in crypto as a way to enter into an all-male in-group.", "\n\nThe professional traders—being fund managers at the top of the staff hierarchy—relied on a cadre of employed researchers, employed largely to do the grunt work of checking on the validity of claims made by organizations and development teams. ", "The professional crypto traders I spoke with seemed to work in a more individualist fashion than traditional hedge fund managers, who use a kind of distributed and social cognition, according to Donald MacKenzie’s longitudinal research. ", "For the professionals, consulting and collaborating with other traders was limited, and in most cases non-existent.", "\n\nEchoing a general and popular interest in ICOs during my interview period (which has since cooled considerably), hobby and professional traders alike sought ICOs extensively. ", "Nonetheless, I found the investment use of ICOs and post-launch “coins” to be surprisingly diverse.", "\n\nHobby and professional traders sought ICOs as venture capital funds do for traditional startups, even in some cases taking leadership and board roles and advising on strategy. ", "This was not exclusive to well-capitalized hedge funds either, several of the more committed hobby traders also expressed some participation in the leadership of ICOs and crypto companies—a surprisingly democratic financial opportunity. ", "Hobby and professional traders also saw ICOs as relatively cheap and high-risk high-reward investments, explaining the need to be well informed about emerging companies and upcoming ICOs.", "\n\nIndeed, from the outside, the distinction between insider trading, venture capital funding, and crypto trading are very blurry and problematic.", "\n\nOnce in a Lifetime\n\nMost traders told me that their participation in the crypto market, despite the risks, was a once-in-a-lifetime opportunity, and a way to create “generational wealth.”", "\n\nOne professional trader expressed regret about missing the 1990s dot com boom—although, apparently not concerned that the boom led to a bust that ruined many investors—and saw the crypto boom as his generation’s big investment opportunity. ", "Several traders also described the spirit of the market in terms of a “Wild West,” and that their roles were as “pioneers.” ", "Expectedly, all traders spoke of crypto investing with considerable enthusiasm and commitment.", "\n\nIt seems nobody gets into this game half way.", "\n\nGuest post by Quinn DuPont from University of Washington Founded in 1861, the University of Washington is one of the oldest state-supported institutions of higher education on the West Coast and is one of the preeminent research universities in the world. ", "Learn more →" ]

{ "pile_set_name": "OpenWebText2" }

[ 0, 0, 0.007462686567164179, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0.006756756756756757, 0, 0.007407407407407408, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0.0047169811320754715, 0.0034129692832764505, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0.001466275659824047, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0.00558659217877095, 0, 0.003787878787878788, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0.004219409282700422, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0.011627906976744186, 0 ]

[ "//\n// Generated by class-dump 3.5 (64 bit) (Debug version compiled Jun 9 2015 22:53:21).", "\n//\n// class-dump is Copyright (C) 1997-1998, 2000-2001, 2004-2014 by Steve Nygard.", "\n//\n\n#import <SpotlightServices/PRSSportsSummaryScoreCardSection.h>\n\n@interface PRSSportsSummaryScoreCardSection (Extensions)\n- (id)keyWordContent;\n- (id)textContent;\n@end\n\n" ]

{ "pile_set_name": "Github" }

[ 0.010752688172043012, 0.011494252873563218, 0.017341040462427744 ]

[ "WASHINGTON—Special counsel Robert Mueller presented his long-awaited report to the Justice Department on Friday, ending his nearly two-year investigation that has loomed over the Trump presidency and likely setting up a political battle over what he has found.", "\n\nIn a letter to the majority and minority leaders of the House and Senate Judiciary Committees, Attorney General William Barr said Mr. Mueller had concluded his investigation of Russian interference in the 2016 election and related matters, and he said he would be able to alert Congress to Mr. Mueller’s “principal conclusions” as soon as this weekend. ", "Those conclusions are expected to be made public, though it remains unclear whether Mr. Barr will at some point release the full report, which President Trump and lawmakers from both parties have called for. ", "If he doesn’t, he could face a tussle with Congress.", "\n\nThe special counsel isn’t recommending any further indictments, according to a senior Justice Department official, in a wide-ranging inquiry that has yielded criminal charges against 34 people and the convictions of five Trump advisers. ", "Even as the Mueller probe is ending, other legal threads involving the president and his allies will carry on under other jurisdictions.", "\n\nThe investigation, which examined Trump campaign connections to Russian election interference and whether Mr. Trump himself tried to obstruct justice, has been a near-constant factor during most of the first two years of Mr. Trump’s presidency—at times crowding out a policy agenda that he has said has fueled stock-market gains and economic growth. ", "In response, Mr. Trump and his allies mounted a steady drumbeat of attacks against Mr. Mueller—a lifelong Republican—describing the probe as a “witch hunt” that sought to undermine Mr. Trump’s 2016 election win.", "\n\nMr. Mueller’s report was delivered to the deputy attorney general’s office on Friday afternoon, which provided it to Mr. Barr. ", "Shortly afterward, the Justice Department notified both the White House and Capitol Hill, the Justice official said." ]

{ "pile_set_name": "OpenWebText2" }

[ 0.011538461538461539, 0.016901408450704224, 0.009615384615384616, 0.019230769230769232, 0.008368200836820083, 0.007352941176470588, 0.008522727272727272, 0.014218009478672985, 0.015503875968992248, 0.034482758620689655 ]

[ "PROJECT SUMMARY About 1 out of 7 individuals experience Major Depressive Disorder (MDD) during their life time but only 1 out of 3 achieve remission with current treatment. ", "MDD is the 2nd largest source of disability and costs the economy $200 billion annually. ", "MDD is a very heterogeneous disorder that affects how one processes events - ?", "what makes you feel good? (", "positive valence), ?", "what makes you feel bad? (", "negative valence), and how the brain processes body-relevant information (interoception). ", "Some have proposed that inflammation plays a central role in a subset of depression that is characterized clinically by an increase in c-reactive protein (CRP). ", "This proposal seeks to better understand the biological processes that underlie the inflammatory subtype of MDD by examining subgroups of depressed individuals with low CRP (?", "1mg/mL), and high CRP (?", "3mg/mL). ", "In particular, an experimental manipulation of the immune system will be used to contrast the clinical, immune, and neural function of depressed subjects with high and low CRP. ", "Specifically, the low CRP (n=44) and high CRP (n=44) groups will be divided to receive either endotoxin (0.8 ng/kg) or saline in order to induce a transient inflammatory response. ", "Serial blood draws will be obtained during this time to quantify the pattern of inflammatory response using several inflammatory markers. ", "At the same time, subjects will complete clinical ratings and undergo a pre- and post-endotoxin MRI scan to measure how the transient inflammatory response affects brain processing of anticipatory reward and interoception. ", "For Phase 2 of this project, all subjects will undergo 10 weeks of behavioral therapy (BT) after they have completed the transient inflammatory perturbation and clinical outcomes will be measured. ", "This project has two main goals (focused on year 1-3 and 4-5): (1) to delineate how the depressed people with and without inflammation differ in clinical, immune, and neural function both at baseline and under endotoxin, and (2) to test whether these changes are predictive of BT treatment outcome. ", "The main hypotheses are that: (1) relative to the low CRP group, the high CRP group will show baseline (a) increases in anhedonic symptoms, (b) increases in IL-6 and TNF, (c) decreases in ventral striatal activity during positive valence processing, and (d) decreases in insular cortex activity during interoceptive processing as well as disproportionate changes in these phenotypic measures in the endotoxin vs. placebo condition. (", "2) The degree of these baseline differences and endotoxin-induced changes will predict: (a) changes in depression scores over the course of the BT and response and remission rates after BT. ", "This research is innovative because it is the first inflammatory perturbation experiment in a group of depressed individuals. ", "It is also highly impactful because we need to understand the mechanisms through which inflammation leads to depression in high CRP individuals in order to (1) facilitate the development of new pharmacological or behavioral therapies, and (2) identify predictive biomarkers." ]

{ "pile_set_name": "NIH ExPorter" }

[ 0.005780346820809248, 0.011235955056179775, 0.01282051282051282, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0.006211180124223602, 0.011428571428571429, 0.08333333333333333, 0.1111111111111111, 0.005649717514124294, 0.022222222222222223, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0.006928406466512702, 0.005263157894736842, 0, 0.0036496350364963502 ]

[ "Characteristics of a leucine aminoacyl transfer RNA synthetase from Tritrichomonas augusta.", "\nThis study has investigated the characteristics of a leucine aminoacyl transfer RNA synthetase enzyme from Tritrichomonas augusta. ", "Differential centrifugation and DEAE-cellulose column chromatography were used for partial enzyme purification. ", "The column purification increased the synthetase activity 125-fold over the unfractionated cell extract. ", "The conditions for maximum [3H] leucine charging were 37 degrees C for 20 min, with protein at 180 micrograms ml-1 using yeast leucine tRNA as an acceptor. ", "The optimal reaction conditions were 14 mM-Mg acetate, 3 mM-ATP, 3 mM-spermidine and 5.5 mM-putrescine. ", "Acceptor activity with T. augusta transfer RNA was 8-fold higher than with yeast transfer RNA and 25-fold higher than with Escherichia coli transfer RNA. ", "The partially purified enzyme fraction had comparable changing activities for both leucine and valine." ]

{ "pile_set_name": "PubMed Abstracts" }

[ 0.01098901098901099, 0.007575757575757576, 0.008928571428571428, 0, 0, 0.028846153846153848, 0.025974025974025976, 0 ]

[ "Nili Cohen\n\nNili Cohen (born 1947) is an Israeli professor and legal expert. ", "She is a recipient of the Israel Prize, and is the President of the Israel Academy of Sciences and Humanities, succeeding Prof. Ruth Arnon, Cohen's role model.", "\n\nBiography\nNili Cohen was born in Kfar Saba, 1947. ", "She grew up and was educated in Tel Aviv, graduating from graduated from Ironi Dalet High School. ", "Her father was a teacher in that city. ", "Cohen's grandmother, Batsheva (Bertha) Friedberg Grabelsky, lived in Manhattan, and married a Belarus immigrant, Boris Grabelsky. ", "Bertha was an editor, translator, Hebraist, and Zionist, who, in the 1920s, published Eden, a newspaper for Jewish teenagers.", "\n\nAn alumnus of Tel Aviv University (TAU), where Cohen received her LL.B., LL.M., and Ph.D. degrees, she was the co-founding editor of the TAU Law Review. ", "In 1998, Cohen received an Honorary Degree from the University of Buenos Aires.", "\n\nShe serves as the Benno Gitter Chair in Comparative Contract Law and is the director of the Beverly and Raymond Sackler Fund for Human Rights in Private Law. ", "From 1994 to 1997, she was the Vice-Rector (1994–1997) of TAU, and served as the Rector from 1997 till 2001. ", "She is the Professor emeritus of TAU's Buchmann Faculty of Law. ", "Cohen became a member of the Israel Academy of Sciences in 2004, and was elected its president in 2015.", "\n\nCohen is a widow; her husband, Amiram Cohen, had been a lawyer. ", "They have two daughters and one son.", "\n\nAffiliations\n Member, American Law Institute\n Member, Academic Council of Venice International University\n Associate Member, International Academy for Comparative Law\n Former member, Committee of the Codification of Israeli Law\n\nAwards\n 2003/4, 2004/5, and 2014/5, Rector Prize for Excellence in Teaching\n 2002, Minkoff Prize for excellence in Law\n 1986 and 1991, Sussman Prize\n 1989, Zeltner Prize\n\nSelected works\n Interference with Contractual Relations\n Inducing Breach of Contract\n Contracts A, B, C, D (co-author)\n Comparative Remedies for Breach of Contract (edited with Ewan McKendrick; also contributed a chapter)\n\nReferences\n\nCategory:1947 births\nCategory:Living people\nCategory:People from Kfar Saba\nCategory:Israeli academics\nCategory:Israeli academic administrators\nCategory:Israeli legal scholars\nCategory:Tel Aviv University alumni\nCategory:Tel Aviv University faculty\nCategory:Members of the Israel Academy of Sciences and Humanities\nCategory:Israel Prize women recipients\nCategory:Scholars of contract law" ]

{ "pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)" }

[ 0.03896103896103896, 0.025157232704402517, 0.038461538461538464, 0.01020408163265306, 0, 0.038461538461538464, 0.024, 0.025806451612903226, 0.0379746835443038, 0.00625, 0.009174311926605505, 0.03125, 0.019417475728155338, 0.030303030303030304, 0, 0.011730205278592375 ]

[ "Q:\n\nOnClick events not firing under IIS, works perfectly under VS2010\n\nI have a situation where all client OnClick events have stopped working when the code is hosted under IIS, yet work perfectly when run in the VS2010 environment.", "\nThe page is a simple ASPX page with one textbox and one linkbutton on, the linkbutton OnClick calls an event handler btnMyButton_Click.", "\nWhen run under IIS, the event handler is never called (I have stepped through the code to determine this) but the page is posted. ", " When run under VS2010, the event handler is called as wanted.", "\nThe IIS environment is Windows 7, IIS 7.5, ASP.Net 4.0 with an integrated AppPool.", "\nThis has also been verified on a Windows Server 2008 R2 server, again with IIS 7.5, ASP.Net 4.0 and an integrated AppPool.", "\nI have tried turning off Event Validation for the page, no dice.", "\nDoes any one have any ideas?", "\nEdited to add: Ok, some significant new info. ", " The issue is down to how you visit the page:\nhttp://mydomain.com/SomeFolder/ <- when visited using this url, the OnClick events do not fire\nhttp://mydomain.com/SomeFolder/Default.aspx <- when visiting using this url, everything works as normal\n\nA:\n\nAnd the answer to this one is simple, but quite buried :)\nI had \"runAllManagedModulesForAllRequests\" set to true in the system.", "Webserver modules block in the web.config.", "\nEven tho I had no modules defined (just http handlers), it was still causing issues - set it to false and normal service resumed.", "\n\n" ]

{ "pile_set_name": "StackExchange" }

[ 0.008620689655172414, 0.014705882352941176, 0.007633587786259542, 0, 0.012048192771084338, 0.008130081300813009, 0, 0, 0, 0.007751937984496124, 0, 0, 0 ]

[ "This invention relates generally to the dissipation of heat from high power electronic devices, and more particularly to the casting of an improved heat exchanger structure within a metal matrix composite.", "\nHeat dissipating plate and shell structures having desirable combinations of thermal conductivity, thermal expansion, and stiffness are in great demand for critical electronic applications. ", "The heat generated in electronic components requires, in many cases, that heat sinks be used to remove the heat from the electronic device or component. ", "Enhanced component reliability is achieved through use of heat sinks with good thermal conductivity to transfer heat away from high-density electronic components and devices such as integrated circuits. ", "When heat sinks are not used, various other devices have been designed for direct attachment to a heat dissipating plate which, in turn, will act as a heat transfer element.", "\nMoreover, the rapidly increasing density of integrated circuits, large-scale integrated circuits, power diodes and the like continues to create the need for improved thermal management solutions. ", "Consequently, heat-dissipating structures have undergone continuous improvements as the electronics industry has developed. ", "In these situations, it is often desirable to form internal cooling channels within a heat dissipating structure. ", "Circulating fluids can then be used to more effectively remove heat from the heat-generating device mounted to the structure. ", "This would allow for enhanced cooling efficiency and thermal stability in situations where the thermal conductivity of the heat dissipating structure alone is insufficient.", "\nWhen the electronic components are attached to a heat dissipating structure, even one of the more advanced structures available today to provide good thermal conductivity, the different coefficients of thermal expansion for the various elements often cause problems. ", "For example, the heat sink and the electrically insulating substrate, to which the electronic component is attached, may have different coefficients of thermal expansion. ", "Similarly, different coefficients of thermal expansion may exist between the electronic component and the heat sink. ", "When there is significant difference in coefficients of thermal expansion between components, temperature changes arising from soldering during assembly and heat generated in the systems during operation can cause large thermal stresses due to the differences in relative expansion of the materials. ", "Such stresses may cause, in turn, premature component failure. ", "Traditional thermal dissipation materials such as Al and Cu have CTE values that are much greater than IC devices or substrate materials. ", "Therefore, the IC package typically includes a marginally compatible CTE interface, such as a high thermal resistivity Al2O3 substrate, to provide a stress-reducing interface. ", "The solution presents a thermal penalty and often a reliability penalty in the form of cracked Al2O3 substrates. ", "Traditional CTE-compatible packaging materials, such as Kovar and various other Nixe2x80x94Fe alloys, have low thermal conductivity. ", "More advanced packaging materials such as CuMo and CuW offer high thermal conductivity and compatible CTE values but are heavy and costly to fabricate in all but simple flat plate shapes. ", "Aluminum Silicon Carbide (AlSiC) packages offer desirable packaging attributes of compatible CTE value and high thermal conductivity. ", "An AlSiC heat dissipating structure is lightweight making it desirable for portable devices and airborne, spaceborne or any other weight sensitive application.", "\nThe present invention pertains to a fluid flow heat exchanger cast in a metal matrix composite and method of making the same. ", "The method comprises the steps of 1.) ", "positioning an insert within a mold chamber of a closed mold 2.) ", "filling the closed mold with a preform reinforcement material such that the insert is completely encased or xe2x80x9covermoldedxe2x80x9d within the preform material, and 3.) ", "infiltrating the preform and insert with a liquid metal and allowing for the metal to solidify to form a metal matrix composite. ", "The process of filling the closed mold containing the insert with preform reinforcement material allows for intimate contact between the insert and the reinforcement material. ", "Enhanced thermal and mechanical properties are realized by eliminating voids or gaps at this reinforcement material-to-tube interface. ", "In one embodiment, the insert comprises a stainless steel hollow core closed at both ends. ", "After the metal infiltration process is complete the closed ends of the tubes are opened to allow for liquid fluid flow through the metal matrix composite. ", "In one embodiment, the metal matrix composite encasing the insert is comprised of an Aluminum Silicon Carbide (AlSiC) housing offering a unique set of material properties that are suited to high performance advanced thermal management packaging designs. ", "AlSiC is a composite material of Al-metal and SiC particulate. ", "Thermal conductivity values for Al/SiC materials are similar to Al metal and the AlSiC CTE values are compatible with direct device attachment. ", "Furthermore, AlSiC CTE can be designed to fit the requirements of the specific application. ", "Changing of the Al/SiC ratio and/or the Al-metal composition can modify the CTE to be compatible with the CTE of the heat-generating device mounted thereon." ]

{ "pile_set_name": "USPTO Backgrounds" }

[ 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0.007246376811594203, 0.011363636363636364, 0, 0.007518796992481203, 0.010638297872340425, 0.014925373134328358, 0.006289308176100629, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0.007874015748031496, 0.015873015873015872, 0.013888888888888888, 0.010869565217391304, 0.00641025641025641 ]

[ "Description\n\nThis Dri-FIT Cotton Youth Texas Slab tee is designed to keep you cool and comfortable when you're active. ", "It features a screen print design with a Nike swoosh on the left shoulder lapel. ", "65% Cotton/35% Polyester. ", "Machine wash cold inside out with like colors. ", "Use mild powdered detergent. ", "Do not use softeners. ", "Remove immediately. ", "Do not allow to lay on itself when wet. ", "Do not bleach. ", "Tumble dry low. ", "Cool iron. ", "Do not iron design. ", "Do not dry clean.", "\n\nStyle #\n\nRatings & Reviews\n\nNo reviews available\n\nDescription\n\nThis Dri-FIT Cotton Youth Texas Slab tee is designed to keep you cool and comfortable when you're active. ", "It features a screen print design with a Nike swoosh on the left shoulder lapel. ", "65% Cotton/35% Polyester. ", "Machine wash cold inside out with like colors. ", "Use mild powdered detergent. ", "Do not use softeners. ", "Remove immediately. ", "Do not allow to lay on itself when wet. ", "Do not bleach. ", "Tumble dry low. ", "Cool iron. ", "Do not iron design. ", "Do not dry clean." ]

{ "pile_set_name": "Pile-CC" }

[ 0, 0.012345679012345678, 0.038461538461538464, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0.012345679012345678, 0.038461538461538464, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0 ]

[ "{\n \"name\": \"govcms/govcms\",\n \"description\": \"govCMS Drupal 7 profile\",\n \"license\": \"GPL-2.0-or-later\",\n \"require-dev\": {\n \"dealerdirect/phpcodesniffer-composer-installer\": \"^0.4.4\",\n \"drupal/coder\": \"^8.2.12\",\n \"drupal/drupal-extension\": \"^v3.4\",\n \"integratedexperts/behat-screenshot\": \"^0.7\",\n \"integratedexperts/behat-format-progress-fail\": \"^0.2\",\n \"jakub-onderka/php-parallel-lint\": \"^1.0\",\n \"fabpot/goutte\": \"^3.2\",\n \"phploc/phploc\": \"^2.0\",\n \"phpmd/phpmd\": \"^2.6\",\n \"phpunit/phpunit\": \"^5.7\",\n \"sebastian/phpcpd\": \"^3\"\n },\n \"config\": {\n \"preferred-install\": \"dist\",\n \"secure-http\": false,\n \"sort-packages\": true,\n \"optimize-autoloader\": true\n },\n \"minimum-stability\": \"dev\",\n \"prefer-stable\": true\n}\n" ]

{ "pile_set_name": "Github" }

[ 0 ]

[ "Measurement of plasma and intracellular S-adenosylmethionine and S-adenosylhomocysteine utilizing coulometric electrochemical detection: alterations with plasma homocysteine and pyridoxal 5'-phosphate concentrations.", "\nThe relative changes in plasma and intracellular concentrations of S-adenosylmethionine (SAM) and S-adenosylhomocysteine (SAH) may be important predictors of cellular methylation potential and metabolic alterations associated with specific genetic polymorphisms and/or nutritional deficiencies. ", "Because these metabolites are present in nanomolar concentrations in plasma, methods of detection generally require time-consuming precolumn processing or metabolite derivatization. ", "We used HPLC with coulometric electrochemical detection for the simultaneous measurement of SAM and SAH in 200 microL of plasma, 10(6) lymphocytes, or 10 mg of tissue. ", "Filtered trichloroacetic acid extracts were injected directly into the HPLC system without additional processing and were eluted isocratically. ", "The limits of detection were 200 fmol/L for SAM and 40 fmol/L SAH. ", "In plasma extracts, the interassay CV was 3.4-5.5% and the intraassay CV was 2.8-5.6%. ", "The analytical recoveries were 96.8% and 97.3% for SAM and SAH, respectively. ", "In a cohort of healthy adult women with mean total homocysteine concentrations of 7.3 micromol/L, the mean plasma value was 156 nmol/L for SAM and 20 nmol/L for SAH. ", "In women with increased homocysteine concentrations (mean, 12.1 micromol/L), plasma SAH, but not SAM, was increased (P <0.001), and plasma pyridoxal 5'-phosphate concentrations were reduced (P <0.001). ", "Plasma SAM/SAH ratios were inversely correlated with homocysteine concentrations (r = 0.73; P <0.01), and the SAM/SAH ratio in plasma was directly correlated with the intracellular SAM/SAH ratio in lymphocytes (r = 0.70; P <0.01). ", "Increased homocysteine in serum is associated with an increase in SAH and a decrease in the SAM/SAH ratio that could negatively affect cellular methylation potential. ", "Accurate and sensitive detection of these essential metabolites in plasma and in specific tissues should provide new insights into the regulation of one-carbon metabolism under different nutritional and pathologic conditions." ]

{ "pile_set_name": "PubMed Abstracts" }

[ 0, 0.0033783783783783786, 0, 0.005952380952380952, 0, 0, 0.022988505747126436, 0.02564102564102564, 0.012048192771084338, 0.0049504950495049506, 0.004329004329004329, 0.005988023952095809, 0 ]

[ "blogging in between sunbeam naps\n\nMenu\n\nAbout Me\n\nI'm Katje van Loon. ", "I'm a writer, an author, a poet, and a menace to society. ", "I am also an activist, a feminist, a geek, a knitter/crocheter, and many other things. ", "I wear a host of hats. ", "I've been blogging off and on (mostly on) since 2004. ", "One of my first blog iterations was The Canadian Pagan, and I used to go by Jagged on Blogdrive.", "\n\nThis blog, Amoeba Kat Musings, has existed in many different forms and permutations since 2008. ", "It's always been my writer-blog (ie, where I blog as Katje van Loon, Writer), but as time has gone on what I want to blog about as a writer has evolved. ", "It's still evolving.", "\n\nWhat you will find here, likely: posts on feminism and dismantling the kyriarchy. ", "Politics. ", "Fat acceptance. ", "Pictures of my dog. ", "Posts about my husband-type-person. ", "Poetry. ", "Me geeking out. ", "Knitting. ", "Occasionally, book reviews. ", "And much, much more.", "\n\nI try to be diligent about trigger warnings, but I don't put everything behind a cut. ", "Read with caution.", "\n\n(I do put spoilers behind cuts.)", "\n\nOn a side note, I am also an Ambassador for Barefoot Books, along with my mom. ", "Barefoot Books supplies high-quality children's books via its ambassadors and online shop. ", "I have been a collector of children's books for many years, and I'm excited to grow my collection with the help of Barefoot (and to help others grow their collections, too).", "\n\nIf you want to become an ambassador, click on the picture below to join my team.", "\n\nIf you just want to buy some awesome kids' books, click on this picture:\n\nIf you decide to become an ambassador under me, or buy books via the above link, you are supporting me and by extension my writing.", "\n\nBlog Stats\n\nI might have too many books.", "\n\nI only say that because today was spent cataloguing and packing them. ", "There are a lot.", "\n\nThe book situ when I started this morning.", "\n\nThat picture doesn’t show the coffee table and the couch, but they’ve also got books on them — the coffee table, a lot; the couch, not so much.", "\n\nBy midpoint it looked like this:\n\nYou can see my laptop open because of the ongoing cataloguing work. ", "I’ve now got 717 books in my library on LibraryThing (796 in all collections, which includes books I’ve borrowed and still want to read and my wishlist).", "\n\nThe couch is covered in books that have been inputted into my LibraryThing catalogue, the coffee table in stacks of books yet to be put in.", "\n\nYou can’t see the piles I added to the coffee table today, because they’re balanced on the edge behind the four boxes of books.", "\n\nNote: this does not include all the books that were not on the shelves because I’ve been reading them or they’ve been travelling with me — they will be packed, but not in boxes. ", "Nor does this include my own books, of which I have several copies lying around — they will get their own box.", "\n\nI just finished about 15 minutes ago, and now the living room looks like this:\n\nYeah, I took down all those bookcases. ", "Only one double-stack remains, just off camera. ", "That bookcase contains my notebooks and journals and such on the top, and my late Oma’s books on the bottom. ", "Oma’s books are going into storage — we’re keeping them, because they’re family heirlooms, but neither mom nor I have any room for them in our personal libraries right now.", "\n\nI think the couch now has more books on it than the coffee table does, which means the more tedious part of my job has been lessened. ", "Packing boxes of books is not, actually, tedious, but adding them to my catalogue is.", "\n\nYou can see my dinner in the last photo. ", "I am eating it right now, at 11pm, because it’s been that sort of day. ", "I’m exhausted and thinking I have too many books.", "\n\nYou know it’s bad when you think you have too many books. (", "Hint: the correct paradigm is never enough books!)", "\n\nTomorrow, up bright and early to pack up the couch-books and input the table-books and then take down the last bookcase." ]

{ "pile_set_name": "Pile-CC" }

[ 0.014285714285714285, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0.010416666666666666, 0, 0.013071895424836602, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0.1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0.012345679012345678, 0.01098901098901099, 0.005780346820809248, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0.006535947712418301, 0.0070921985815602835, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0 ]

[ "Tubular ultrastructure in acute renal failure: alterations of cellular surfaces (brush-border and basolateral infoldings).", "\nUsing a blind, semiquantitative technique, the degree of reduction of proximal tubular brush border (BB) and proximal and distal basolateral infoldings (BI) were measured in 25 renal biopsies from patients with acute renal failure (ARF) of ischaemic type. ", "For comparison 12 biopsies from patients without ARF were studied, 6 were normal controls, six were from patients with minor change disease and slight glomerulonephritis. ", "The mean scores for reduction of BB as well as proximal and distal BI were strongly increased in ARF compared to controls and the differences were highly significant. ", "Some of the biopsies were taken during recovery and there was a significant negative correlation between the individual scores for reduction of BB and BI and simultaneous renal function. ", "The disappearance of BB microvilli was correlated to tubular dilatation, but it could not be explained exclusively by \"stretching\" of the luminal surface due to dilatation. ", "There was no correlation between reduction of BI and tubular dilatation. ", "The data indicate a disturbance of cell membrane turnover in the active phase of ARF, possibly due to decreased synthesis, and they are consistent with a pathogenetic hypothesis implicating a decreased proximal Na+ resorption and consequently a pre-glomerular vasoconstriction." ]

{ "pile_set_name": "PubMed Abstracts" }

[ 0, 0.011673151750972763, 0, 0.005988023952095809, 0, 0.005780346820809248, 0, 0.0036101083032490976 ]

[ "Something Off About Lady Crossing Into U.S., Then Border Patrol Sees What’s In Her Panties\n\nA woman entering the U.S. was in for a bit more than she bargained after her bus was stopped at a Border Patrol checkpoint. ", "Unfortunately for her, things would go from bad to worse as agents took a special interest in her before eventually deciding to search her – and even they were left shocked to see what was in her pants.", "\n\nStock images for visual representation\n\nIt was a busy weekend for Border Patrol agents in the Tucson Sector of Arizona as they made quite a few arrests. ", "However, Breitbart reports that one woman, in particular, stands out above the rest after what she was found to be quietly doing.", "\n\nAccording to reports, a bus came through the Nogales Station, prompting the Border Patrol to conduct a typical search. ", "As it turns out, agents took a particular interest in a 58-year-old Mexican national and decided to search her more extensively.", "\n\nAfter receiving permission to bring the woman into a private room to investigate, they were shocked by what they found. ", "As they searched the woman, agents discovered 2 pounds of heroin in her groin area that was worth over $60,000 street value.", "\n\nAlthough it’s unclear the exact part of her groin where she was trying to hide her little income boost, it’s safe to say that she won’t be making any money and it actually cost her more in the long run. ", "Sadly, that wasn’t all the action that Border Patrol got this weekend.", "\n\nAt another checkpoint, agents in the same area pulled over a 19-year-old woman in a car and searched it. ", "Hiding in the trunk, they found a man, later determined to be a Mexican national. ", "As a result, they arrested the man on immigration violations and charged the woman with human smuggling.", "\n\nA man found trying to sneak his way into the U.S. (left), Sergio Garcia (right)\n\nOf course, things didn’t end there as agents assigned to the Ajo Station arrested a group of seven illegal aliens after they illegally crossed the border. ", "However, things would take a turn when they saw that one of the men was covered in gang-related tattoos.", "\n\nCome to find out, they were speaking to Sergio Garcia, a member of the violent MS-13 gang. ", "A record check further revealed that the illegal immigrant had multiple convictions in California for vandalism, evading a police officer, and multiple counts of contempt of court.", "\n\nFour of Garcia’s traveling companions also have prior deportation records. ", "All five will face charges for illegal re-entry after removal. ", "A sixth alien is being processed for expedited removal. [", "Source: Breitbart]\n\nIf anything, this weekend shows why border security is important to our country. ", "Although former President Barack Obama didn’t seem to mind drugs and murderers flocking into our nation, it seems that the new leadership is focused on the safety of U.S. citizens, as it should be.", "\n\nPeople like this are going to stop risking being caught while driving through Border Patrol, which is why President Donald Trump’s intended wall is so important. ", "The threat is real, and if this doesn’t prove that beyond a shadow of a doubt, then you’re probably too stupid to have a meaningful and intellectual conversation anyway.", "\n\nPlease share the story and tell us what you think by clicking one of the buttons below. ", "We want to hear YOUR voice!" ]

{ "pile_set_name": "Pile-CC" }

[ 0, 0, 0.0064516129032258064, 0.007751937984496124, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0.004201680672268907, 0, 0.010752688172043012, 0, 0.012987012987012988, 0, 0, 0, 0.005076142131979695, 0.006097560975609756, 0, 0, 0 ]

[ "T cells can be activated by an antigen presenting cell. ", "An activated T cell can bind to a cell that presents an antigen to which the T cell was activated via an interaction between a T cell receptor and major histocompatibility complex, and the activated T cell can kill the cell to which it is bound. ", "It is possible to activate T cells from a donor against cells from a patient and generate cytotoxic T cells that kill patient cells. ", "Such T cells are referred to as “alloreactive” T cells as they are activated from donor cells and are active against the major histocompatibility complex (MHC) antigens (sometimes identified as human leukocyte antigens or HLA) present on patient cells.", "\nAlloreactive cytotoxic T cells can be prepared by isolating blood from a patient, separating white blood cells, and inactivating them. ", "These inactivated patient cells can be mixed with white blood cells from a donor in a one-way mixed lymphocyte reaction. ", "In the lymphocyte reaction, T cells among the donor cell population are activated against antigens presented by cells in the patient population, and activated cytotoxic T cells are generated against the patient cells. ", "The activated cytotoxic T cells can be collected and administered to the patient. ", "Cells in the patient, such as cancer cells, that display antigens recognized by the cytotoxic T cells will be killed.", "\nHLAMatchmaker (HLAMm) is an algorithm used in the transplantation setting to predict alloantibody responses. ", "HLAMm operates by finding permissible mismatches between molecularly HLA-type donors and recipients such to minimize rejection. ", "When HLAMm is applied to the diverse HLA repertoire, it is able to predict B cell driven alloantibody generation following organ transplantation. ", "However, the current algorithm has does not as reliably predict the T cell induced graft-versus host (GVH) disease." ]

{ "pile_set_name": "USPTO Backgrounds" }

[ 0, 0, 0, 0.003968253968253968, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0.008695652173913044 ]

[ "The present invention relates generally to gas turbine engines, and, more specifically, to turbine nozzle performance and cooling.", "\nIn a gas turbine engine, air is pressurized in a compressor and mixed with fuel and ignited in a combustor for generating hot combustion gases which flow through turbine stages for extracting energy therefrom. ", "In a turbofan engine, a high pressure turbine powers the compressor, and a low pressure turbine powers a fan disposed upstream from the compressor. ", "Each turbine includes a stationary turbine nozzle having vanes mounted between inner and outer bands, followed in turn by a row of rotor blades extending outwardly from a rotor disk.", "\nThe high pressure turbine nozzle is disposed at the outlet of the combustor and receives therefrom combustion gases at the hottest temperature, with the temperature decreasing as energy is extracted from the gases in the downstream turbine stages. ", "Both the nozzle vanes and rotor blades have hollow airfoils through which a portion of air bled from the compressor is used for providing cooling thereof. ", "Bleeding cooling air from the compressor necessarily decreases the overall efficiency of the engine, and it is therefore desired to use as little cooling air as possible while adequately cooling the vanes and blades.", "\nThe profile or contour of the turbine airfoils is controlled by the specific thermodynamic operating cycle of the engine, and cooperating aerodynamic performance. ", "Each airfoil has a generally concave, pressure side and a generally convex, suction side extending axially between leading and trailing edges and radially between a root and tip. ", "The airfoil increases in thickness just aft of the leading edge and then tapers with a reduced thickness to a thin trailing edge.", "\nSince the trailing edge is thin, it is difficult to cool during operation and typically operates relatively hot which affects the useful life of the airfoil. ", "Trailing edge cooling of the first stage nozzle of the high pressure turbine is particularly critical in view of the hot combustion gases directly received from the combustor.", "\nTrailing edge cooling may be provided in various conventional manners in which the cooling air is channeled inside the airfoil directly behind the trailing edge and is discharged through a row of trailing edge cooling holes thereat. ", "In one design, the trailing edge holes have outlets along the airfoil pressure side which begin at a breakout lip forward of the trailing edge and terminate directly at the trailing edge. ", "Since the thickness of the breakout lip has a practical minimum value to prevent deterioration and oxidation during operation, the breakout distance from the trailing edge to the lip is relatively large.", "\nAccordingly, as the cooling air is discharged through the trailing edge holes, it is heated by the combustion gases which decreases its ability to cool the trailing edge. ", "Furthermore, fluid flow behind the trailing edge locally stagnates in the wake thereof further increasing the difficulty of cooling the trailing edge itself.", "\nAdditional considerations in airfoil cooling include the conventionally known backflow margin and blowoff margin. ", "The cooling air is bled from the compressor at a corresponding pressure to ensure a suitable differential pressure between the cooling air inside the airfoil and the pressure of the combustion gases outside the airfoil for driving the cooling air through the airfoil. ", "A suitable backflow margin prevents the reverse flow of combustion gases into cooling air holes in the airfoil. ", "And, a suitable blowoff margin prevents excessive discharge velocities of the cooling air as it exits the cooling holes.", "\nHowever, in a conventional turbine nozzle design, for example, the cooling air discharged from the trailing edge, pressure side holes has a greater velocity than that of the combustion gases which flow therealong. ", "Accordingly, as the high speed cooling air meets the low speed combustion gases at the hole outlets, mixing losses are created which affects both the overall performance of the engine and affects the ability to cool the airfoil trailing edge.", "\nAccordingly, it is desired to provide an improved turbine airfoil trailing edge configuration for reducing mixing losses and improving trailing edge cooling." ]

{ "pile_set_name": "USPTO Backgrounds" }

[ 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0 ]

[ "U.S. Sen. Ted Cruz’s likely Democratic challenger has far outpaced the Texas Republican in fundraising so far this election year, federal filings show.", "\n\nU.S. Rep. Beto O’Rourke from El Paso announced the news at a Friday town hall in Dallas, drawing cheers from the crowd — and newfound attention for a race that has long been considered in the bag for the GOP.", "\n\nDespite his still-long odds, O’Rourke raised approximately $2.3 million in the first six weeks of 2018, while Cruz took in only $800,000, according to a campaign finance report first obtained by the Dallas Morning News.", "\n\nThe Democratic upstart also spent roughly $800,000 more than Cruz in that period, the filing shows.", "\n\nCruz, whose high-profile and conservative credentials make him a heavy favorite in the race, still has more cash on hand. ", "O’Rourke reported $4.9 million in his war chest, while Cruz has $6 million, the documents show. – ", "READ MORE" ]

{ "pile_set_name": "OpenWebText2" }

[ 0.006622516556291391, 0.009523809523809525, 0.00904977375565611, 0.009900990099009901, 0, 0.02040816326530612, 0 ]

[ "And then we round our adult entertainment tour off with some alternative angles - Eros Blog has a different and interesting view at sex. ", "You can check out some of the hottest scenes Rocco Siffredi ever filmed or watch babes from India. ", "Here you can talk directly with some of the finest specimens of massive muscle you've ever seen. ", "TS Playground Full Review. ", "The performers work mostly for tips so if others are tipping then you can enjoy it for free. ", "Busty babes have their dripping-wet pussies fucked nice and hard on this fetish site. ", "It provides you with hot scenes that feature bondage, lesbian encounters, orgies, squirting and lots more. ", "Next Door Buddies Full Review. ", "This mega-site is huge and continues to get bigger and better with each passing day." ]

{ "pile_set_name": "Pile-CC" }

[ 0.014598540145985401, 0.010101010101010102, 0, 0.037037037037037035, 0, 0, 0.009345794392523364, 0.03225806451612903, 0 ]

[ "Q:\n\nOrder of the group associated to a quotient of a lattice\n\nLet $A=[A_{ij}]$ be a $n\\times n$ symmetric positive definite integer-valued matrix. ", "Define elements of $\\mathbb{Z}^n$ $v_i=[A_{i1},A_{i2},...,A_{in}]$ where I am treating them as row vectors. ", "Quotient $\\mathbb{Z}^n$ by imposing $v_i\\equiv 0$. We obtain a quotient group which is a finite group $G$ because there are $n$ linearly independent relations $v_i\\equiv 0$. Why is the order of $G$ equal to the determinant of $A$?", "\n\nA:\n\nShow that the order of $G$ transforms in the expected way when we perform elementary row and column operations, and reduce to the case where $A$ is diagonal.", "\n\n" ]

{ "pile_set_name": "StackExchange" }

[ 0, 0, 0, 0, 0 ]

[ "Clashes broke out between rival Kurdish groups in northwestern Iraq after a force loyal to one party was deployed to an area controlled by another.", "\n\nFriday's clashes took place in the Sinjar area near the Syrian border after forces loyal to Masoud Barzani's Kurdistan's Regional Government (KRG) entered an area controlled by Sinjar Resistance Units (YBS) - a Yazidi armed group alleged to be loyal to the Kurdistan Workers' Party (PKK).", "\n\n#Shingal: First batch of pictures from #Khansor, where clashes are taking places between #PKK-affiliated YBS and Rojava-Peshmerga. ", "pic.twitter.com/PnL18yvcZv — Rudaw English (@RudawEnglish) March 3, 2017\n\n\"This morning at seven clashes started with DShK [heavy machineguns]. ", "Now there are martyrs and wounded on both sides,\" a Kurdish security source told Reuters news agency.", "\n\nFriday morning's clashes came after Barzani's official visit to Turkey. ", "YBS forces suggested that by deploying troops to the Sinjar area, the KRG was trying to force out the group affiliated with the PKK to please Ankara.", "\n\nREAD MORE: Syria's Civil War Explained\n\n\"These efforts [by KRG affiliated Peshmerga] that comes after Barzani's visit to Ankara is not a coincidence. ", "It is a provocative attempt, based on an order from Ankara,\" YBS said in a statement published by the Kurdish news agency Rudaw.", "\n\nBarzani has close ties with Turkey and Turkish troops are currently stationed in the Bashiqa camp in northern Iraq with his invitation - and against Baghdad's will - training local fighters who are supposed to take part in the operation to oust the Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant group from Mosul.", "\n\nThe PKK, on the other hand, is an armed group that has been fighting for Kurdish autonomy within Turkey since 1984. ", "Turkey, the United States and the European Union designate the PKK as a \"terrorist organisation\".", "\n\nYazidi groups in Sinjar, who are ethnically Kurdish, have been trained to fight against ISIL by the Kurdish People's Protection Units (YPG), an armed group which Turkey considers to be the Syrian arm of the PKK.", "\n\nThe Obama administration denied these claims and insisted that YPG was a \"reliable American ally\" in the fight against ISIL (also known as ISIS) group in Syria and Iraq.", "\n\nThe new Trump administration's policy on these Kurdish groups is still emerging.", "\n\n'Turkey will attack'\n\nIn a separate development, Turkish Foreign Minister Mevlut Cavusoglu said Turkey may attack PKK affiliated Kurdish forces directly in northern Syria if they do not immediately withdraw from the town of Manbij.", "\n\n\"We do not wish any of our allies to stand with terrorist groups,\" Cavusoglu told reporters on Thursday. \"", "We stated earlier that Turkey will hit the YPG unless they withdraw from Manbij.\"", "\n\nREAD MORE: Kurds pledge to fight Turkey to retain Syria's Manbij\n\nCavusoglu said Turkey and the US \"must not face off against each other because of Turkey's fight against other terrorist groups\", meaning groups besides ISIL, the main focus of Turkey’s Operation Euphrates Shield in northern Iraq.", "\n\nThe Turkish-led Operation Euphrates Shield in northern Syria began last August to improve security, support coalition forces, and eliminate the threats coming from ISIL and the Kurdish militia along the Turkish border." ]

{ "pile_set_name": "OpenWebText2" }

[ 0, 0.017241379310344827, 0.015037593984962405, 0.020833333333333332, 0.009900990099009901, 0.013513513513513514, 0.020134228187919462, 0.013157894736842105, 0.0078125, 0.013114754098360656, 0.00847457627118644, 0.020618556701030927, 0.014084507042253521, 0.011695906432748537, 0.012195121951219513, 0.012875536480686695, 0.009259259259259259, 0.024691358024691357, 0.013422818791946308, 0.004545454545454545 ]

[ "Come to our StoryWalk!", "\n\n- Carolina Friends School, Duke School, and Durham Academy\n\nCome to our StoryWalk!", "\n\n- Carolina Friends School, Duke School, and Durham Academy\n\nFamilies, you're invited!", "\n\nQuestion: What's better than taking a walk in the fresh, spring air on a Saturday afternoon?", "\n\nAnswer: Reading a book along the way!", "\n\nJoin us this Saturday to walk the Kids Loop trail and read the picture book Stuck by Oliver Jeffers. ", "No need to read the book beforehand because it will be posted along the trail for you to stop and read as a family or with friends! ", "We will also have crafts and activities to enjoy.", "\n\nBrought to you by your Lower School Librarians! ", "We hope to see you there!", "\n\nNatalie Harvey, Carolina Friends School\n\nGrace Bell, Duke School\n\nMichelle Rosen, Durham Academy\n\nStoryWalk\n\nWhen\n\nSaturday, April 14th, 2-4pm\n\nWhere\n\n3055 New Hope Church Road\n\nChapel Hill, NC\n\nMore information\n\nCome hike the Kids Loop and read a story along the way!", "\n\nBrumley Family Nature Preserve\n\n3055 New Hope Church Rd\n\nChapel Hill, NC 27514\n\nPlease park in the South Parking Lot.", "\n\nDrop in anytime 2 - 4pm to walk the trail, read the story Stuck, and do some crafts!" ]

{ "pile_set_name": "Pile-CC" }

[ 0.045454545454545456, 0.023809523809523808, 0.011494252873563218, 0, 0, 0.019417475728155338, 0, 0, 0.02, 0, 0.018518518518518517, 0.008403361344537815, 0 ]

[ "Evidence-Based Pharmacologic Therapies for Prevention of Bronchopulmonary Dysplasia: Application of the Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development, and Evaluation Methodology.", "\nBronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) is the most common chronic complication of extreme preterm birth. ", "The authors applied the Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development, and Evaluation (GRADE) methodology to pharmacologic therapies found to prevent BPD. ", "Caffeine and vitamin A are the only medications shown in high-quality studies to prevent BPD without the risk of clinically important adverse effects. ", "Dexamethasone is effective for the prevention of BPD; but for many infants, the increased risks of hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, gastrointestinal perforation, and cerebral palsy outweigh this benefit. ", "Several medications are currently under investigation for the prevention of BPD, but few are novel agents." ]

{ "pile_set_name": "PubMed Abstracts" }

[ 0.00546448087431694, 0.01, 0.0125, 0.006622516556291391, 0.005, 0.009433962264150943 ]

[ "Halak activated, expected to start vs. Kings\n\nCredit: UPI\n\nSt. Louis Blues Matt D'Agostini (L) works the puck as Blues goaltender Jaroslav Halak of Slovakia defends during practiceat the Scottrade Center in St. Louis on January 16, 2013. ", "The Blues strike-shortened season begins with a home game on January 19. ", "UPI/Bill Greenblatt\n\nGallery\n\n(HockeyStL) -- Jaroslav Halak has been activated from the injured reserve and will start Monday against the Kings, the Blues announced Sunday.", "\n\nAfter a 6-5 shootout loss Saturday, Ken Hitchcock said, if healthy, Halak or Jake Allen will start in the team’s next game instead of the struggling Brian Elliott.", "\n\n“A goalie is no different than a defenseman or a forward,” Hitchcock said. “", "Guys come in and out of the lineup based on their performance. ", "You can’t stay in the lineup if you don’t perform well. ", "I don’t care who you are so (Elliott has) got to play better.”", "\n\nHalak, who suffered a lower-body injury, has not played since leaving early against the Red Wings in a 5-3 loss February 1.", "\n\nThe Blues have allowed 16 goals in its last three games, all losses, without Halak.", "\n\nIn five games this season, Halak has posted a 3-0-0 record with a 2.10 goals against average and a .889 save percentage." ]

{ "pile_set_name": "Pile-CC" }

[ 0.025210084033613446, 0, 0.023255813953488372, 0.024242424242424242, 0.01282051282051282, 0, 0, 0.016129032258064516, 0.008, 0.011764705882352941, 0.00819672131147541 ]

[ "DVXuser.com -- The online community for filmmaking - Software - General / Otherhttp://www.dvxuser.com/V6/\nenFri, 22 Feb 2019 12:56:37 GMTvBulletin60http://www.dvxuser.com/V6/images/DVXuser_413/misc/rss.pngDVXuser.com -- The online community for filmmaking - Software - General / Otherhttp://www.dvxuser.com/V6/\ncreating larger than hd file to get better quality hd on youtube?http://www.dvxuser.com/V6/showthread.php?363594-creating-larger-than-hd-file-to-get-better-quality-hd-on-youtube&goto=newpost\nWed, 20 Feb 2019 16:07:10 GMTI have heard this works, cant test right now and would like to see if anyone knows before I spend more time on it. ", "Apparently some folks say you can...I have heard this works, cant test right now and would like to see if anyone knows before I spend more time on it. ", "Apparently some folks say you can get better hd on youtube by creating a slightly larger than hd file (2048x1152 is the example Iíve seen used). ", "This triggers youtube to stream it at a higher bitrate than it does with actual hd material. ", "However I am not sure it still works and believe I read it can create a worse experience for the viewer for some reason (bitrate too high for many viewers or something). ", "Anyone tried this with success?", "\n]]>Software - General / OtherJosh Basshttp://www.dvxuser.com/V6/showthread.php?363594-creating-larger-than-hd-file-to-get-better-quality-hd-on-youtube" ]

{ "pile_set_name": "Pile-CC" }

[ 0.006191950464396285, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0.006622516556291391 ]

[ "Intercollegiate League for Industrial Democracy\n\nThe Intercollegiate League for Industrial Democracy (known from 1933 as the Student League for Industrial Democracy) was the official youth section of the League for Industrial Democracy and a de facto junior section of the Socialist Party of America during the 1920s and the first half of the 1930s. ", "The organization merged with a student organization sponsored by the Communist Party, USA in 1935 to form the American Student Union.", "\n\nOrganizational history\n\nBackground\n\nIn 1921 the Intercollegiate Socialist Society (ISS) was transformed into the League for Industrial Democracy (LID). ", "With the change in name, the organization broadened its scope to become a more of a general educational society that included not only collegians and alumni, but also non-collegians in its ranks and activities. ", "The organization continued to arrange campus lectures, as well as publishing pamphlets and off-campus speaking tours, but paid little attention to the organization of active campus groups. ", "League student organizations continued at the University of Wisconsin, Columbia, Vassar, Yale, Harvard, the University of Texas, and elsewhere, but the emphasis of the national organization remained on building a non-campus movement in tangent with the Socialist Party.", "\n\nBy 1929 student members of the LID were outnumbered by non-student members. ", "An Intercollegiate Student Council existed within the group to coordinate the activities of college students, but this was \"poorly organized and somewhat inactive,\" according to historian Robert Cohen.", "\n\nDepression era activity\n\nThe coming of the Great Depression had a radicalizing influence on many students, who saw world capitalism in a state of chaos. ", "Members of the Intercollegiate LID energized by the 1932 Presidential campaign of Norman Thomas, as well as competition with the Communist-led National Student League.", "\n\nIn 1932 the student members of the LID held their own national convention which abolished the old Intercollegiate Student Council of the LID and elected instead a new National Executive Committee and national chairman, Maurice Newfield.", "\n\nThe new independent organization began to issue a new national magazine, Revolt, (later named Student Outlook) and in 1933 formally adopted for itself the name \"Student League for Industrial Democracy\" (SLID).", "\n\nBetween 1933 and 1935 SLID participated in protests over violations of student free speech, the reception of a \"good will tour\" of students from Fascist Italy, the Italian invasion of Ethiopia and instances of racial discrimination, often in conjunction with the Communist Party-led National Student League (NSL).", "\n\nOne of the group's most dramatic activities was organizing the National Student Strike Against War on April 13, 1934 and 1935, commemorating American entry into the First World War. ", "The first strike, coordinated only with the NSL, drew 25,000 students nationwide, 15,000 of which were in New York City. ", "The second demonstration however, in April 1935, drew 175,000 students, 160,000 outside of New York, and was co-sponsored by the National Student Federation of America, the National Council of Methodist Youth, YMCA, YWCA, the Interseminary Movement, the youth section of the American League Against War and Fascism, among others. ", "An important aspect of the two annual strikes was an Americanized version of the Oxford Pledge, in which students pledged \"We will not support the government of the United States in any war it may conduct.\"", "\n\nPrinciples\n\nThe Student League for Industrial Democracy proclaimed its goal to be the establishment of \"a classless cooperative society in which men will have an equal opportunity to achieve the good things of life.\" ", "It took a Fabian approach to this long-term objective, advocating a minimum program which included the organization of labor, expansion of merit-based academic scholarships, defense of civil liberties and academic freedom, and opposition to \"any manifestation of militarism in education, especially the R.O.T.C.\"\n\nMerger \n\nWith the Student League for Industrial Democracy and the Communist-led National Student League working together so often, there arose sentiment in favor of amalgamating the two organizations. ", "The NSL proposed this first in December 1933, and again the next year. ", "The leadership of the SLID, however, was weary of the NSL uncritical view of the Soviet Union and less than democratic nature of the NSL.", "\n\nDue to the unprecedented size of the April 1935 student strike, however, pressure from within the SLID ranks became difficult for its more cautious leadership to contain. ", "This was especially true on the West Coast, were the local SLID members felt it that anti-fascist unity was a pressing need in the wake of a local red scare. ", "With its California chapters already planning an amalgamation conference for the fall, in June 1935 the SLID National Executive Committee relented buy appointed a committee to discuss the merger with representatives from the NSL.", "\n\nBy October they arrived at an agreement to merge the two organizations at a convention that December into a new group to be named the American Student Union.", "\n\nFootnotes\n\nPublications \n Joseph Lash The campus strikes against war New York: Student League for Industrial Democracy, 1935.", "\n Harold Lewack, Students in Revolt: The Story of the Intercollegiate League for Industrial Democracy. ", "New York: League for Industrial Democracy, 1933.", "\n Kenneth Meiklejohn, Peter Raymond Nehemkis, Southern labor in revolt New York City: Intercollegiate Student Council of the League for Industrial Democracy, 1930.", "\n Proceedings of Annual Convention, Student League for Industrial Democracy : December 1934, Northwestern University. ", "New York: The League, 1934.", "\n Italian intellectuals under fascism : facts and documents New York: The League, 1934.", "\n Handbook of the Student League for Industrial Democracy : history, program, organizational guide New York: The League, 1935.", "\n\nExternal links \nNew Deal Network: Student activism in the 1930s\nThe Struggle for Free Speech at CCNY, 1931-42 on-line exhibition: Student Rebels\n\nCategory:Student wings of political parties in the United States\nCategory:Socialist Party of America\nCategory:1933 establishments in the United States\nCategory:1935 disestablishments in the United States\nCategory:Student wings of social democratic parties\nCategory:Student organizations established in 1933\nCategory:Organizations disestablished in 1935" ]

{ "pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)" }

[ 0.011428571428571429, 0.015037593984962405, 0.012987012987012988, 0, 0, 0.022304832713754646, 0.01282051282051282, 0.009950248756218905, 0, 0.017964071856287425, 0.02100840336134454, 0.014218009478672985, 0.009523809523809525, 0.005434782608695652, 0.008264462809917356, 0.015151515151515152, 0, 0, 0.003883495145631068, 0.014084507042253521, 0.014598540145985401, 0.005780346820809248, 0.006329113924050633, 0.008733624454148471, 0.006289308176100629, 0.015748031496062992, 0.009708737864077669, 0, 0.018404907975460124, 0.00847457627118644, 0, 0, 0.007936507936507936, 0.002 ]

[ "Believe it or not, the biggest threat to Christianity is not Atheism. ", "After all, atheists make up a significantly low percentage of the population. ", "In my mind, given this, we shouldn’t be directing all (or most of) our apologetic resources towards a group that only makes up about 3-5% of the population, and are often the most resistant to the gospel and spiritual things (Matt. ", "7:6 may be applicable). ", "Apologists are fighting the wrong battle.", "\n\nI’m not saying apologetics geared towards atheism is not necessary and beneficial; it has great benefits for believers and unbelievers alike. ", "However, we should be addressing issues that are affecting the masses. ", "This naturally leads us to ask, what sort of issues are these?", "\n\nEach generation has their own set of concerns with Christianity that must be overcome by the believers of that era. ", "At one point it was the motion of the Earth. ", "Not too long ago it was the issue of evolution and the age of the Earth. ", "Today, I believe less non-Christians actually care about these things. ", "They are far more concerned with what Christianity has to say about issues like sexual ethics. ", "For present purposes, I will argue that three of the biggest threats to the Christian faith are divine relativism, sexual ethics, and biblical illiteracy.", "\n\nDivine Relativism\n\nYou don’t have to talk to very many people about Christianity before you start to hear claims of religious relativism. ", "They will claim that they are happy you found something that works for you, but they have no need for Jesus. ", "Or perhaps they don’t believe in a god who would send people to hell. “", "Christianity is great as long as you keep it to yourself” they say. ", "There is one underlying assumption that these claims usually share: The purpose of religion is not to serve God and others or acknowledge the truth about reality. ", "Rather, it’s primary function is psychological; each person is free to chose whichever religion works best for their personal therapeutic purposes.", "\n\nPart of this is our own fault. ", "For some time now, we have geared only towards emotional well-being in evangelism, while neglecting any emphasis on the truth of Christianity. ", "We tell non-Christians not to come to Christ because it’s true, but because it is the only way for them to truly become happy. ", "It is no longer about us serving God, but rather God serving us. ", "Similarly, church services are primarily focused on Christian living.", "\n\nIn our homes, we have unknowingly modeled to our kids that the only time you need to call on to God is when you have a problem that needs to be handled.", "\n\nThough done with good intentions, we’ve sent a message to our culture, our congregations, and our children, which has reduced Christianity to little more than one of culture’s many offers of psychological therapy. ", "It is little wonder why the skeptic will claim Christianity is nothing but a crutch. ", "For many of us, that is the truth.", "\n\nI’m not saying that these claims about Christianity are not true. ", "Nor am I saying that Christianity doesn’t offer tremendous therapeutic support. ", "It does. ", "God is our comforter (2 Cor 1:3-5) and we are to cast our burdens onto the Lord (Matt 11:28). ", "However, Christianity is far more than that. ", "The main point of Christianity is the Gospel, not our emotional well-being.", "\n\nSexual Ethics\n\nThere has been a shift in our culture’s thinking that challenges Christianity at a much more profound level than intellectual atheism could ever hope. ", "It can loosely be defined as a shift from authoritative evidential/logic-based thinking into authoritative emotion-based thinking. ", "Feelings now carry more weight than facts and evidence.", "\n\nRelativism has been extended to language itself. ", "This has led to the prostitution of words with virtuous connotations such as tolerance, rights, freedom, and choice. ", "Similarly, the definition of words with moral connotations such as bigot and homophobic, have similarly been altered. ", "The redefining of these terms has caused Christianity to be seen as morally inferior, an eminent threat to society, and permits a sense of righteous anger directed towards Christians. ", "In short, using these words short-circuits reasoning faculties, and invokes high emotional responses. ", "This permits Christians to be verbally abused and bullied into silence.", "\n\nDo these well-meaning (but misguided) people feel bad for disrespecting Christians? ", "Not at all. ", "As long as they sense they are fighting against evil and bigotry, just about anything goes. ", "Abusing Christians often makes them feel good. ", "Their wrath feels morally justified.", "\n\nNever mind how illogical or poor the arguments from Christianity’s critics may be. ", "That’s irrelevant. ", "By and large they are not interested in hearing reasoned or logical arguments. ", "They want to silence Christians with emotionally charged words and rhetoric; both of which are far more powerful than calm and reasoned discussion in today’s day and age.", "\n\nIlliteracy\n\nEarlier I said how intellectual atheism is not a significant threat to Christianity. ", "The biggest threat atheism has posed in America has not been reasoned argumentation. ", "Rather, bitter diatribes and emotional criticisms (usually following religiously infused catastrophes like 9/11) have been responsible for much of their success. ", "Their books and speakers weren’t made famous due to carefully-crafted, logically sound arguments. ", "Instead, their highly emotive statements resonated with the frustrations of those who already had issues with religion.", "\n\nIn my estimation, well over 80% of what the New Atheist authors and speakers say about Christianity are demonstrably false or misleading. ", "But this raises the question: If their claims are false, why is it that Christians weren’t able to correct these falsities, shutting them up right away? ", "Part of it is simply because of the brute force of their rhetoric. ", "Another part is because Christians are largely illiterate about what it is that they claim to believe. ", "Statistically speaking, most who claim to be Christian are either unable to articulate or flat out do not understand the basics of what they claim to believe. ", "This has led Christians to be unequipped and unable to respond to such attacks.", "\n\nTo give a brief glimpse of what I mean, recent statistics show that 63% of young Christians don’t believe Jesus is the Son of God, 51% don’t believe Jesus literally rose from the dead, and 68% don’t believe the Holy Spirit is a real being. ", "When asked what it is they do believe, they weren’t able to explain, and got confused easily.", "\n\nThis represents a strong departure from the traditional understanding the Church and culture used to have of Christianity. ", "It used to be that most people knew the essentials of what it means to believe in Christianity.", "\n\nSo if not Christianity, what do they believe? ", "Much can be said about this, but I believe the tenants of what Christian Smith and Melinda Lundquist Denton have called Moralistic Therapeutic Deism, would be a good starting place. ", "In their research they found that most teens more or less believe the following:\n\n1. ", "A god exists who created and ordered the world and watches over human life on earth.", "\n\n2. ", "God wants people to be good, nice, and fair to each other, as taught in the Bible and by most world religions.", "\n\n3. ", "The central goal of life is to be happy and to feel good about oneself.", "\n\n4. ", "God does not need to be particularly involved in one’s life except when God is needed to resolve a problem.", "\n\n5. ", "Good people go to heaven when they die.", "\n\nTake a moment to contemplate what the Bible has to say about these points and the significance of each.", "\n\nConclusion\n\nIf most of our culture believes something like Moralistic Therapeutic Deism, then it does us little good to marshal the bulk of our resources against intellectual atheism. ", "Most people are not atheists, nor are they interested in intellectual arguments. ", "We need to be developing creative ways to overcome the powerful, emotive rhetoric that is shaping the way our culture thinks. ", "We need to frame ethical debates using the right language. ", "We need to demonstrate the absurdity of relativism by showing how it clashes with things they have strong emotional ties to. ", "Most importantly, we need to ensure that we, and our kids, understand and can articulate basic Christian doctrine." ]

{ "pile_set_name": "OpenWebText2" }

[ 0.014285714285714285, 0, 0.004310344827586207, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0.02127659574468085, 0.022222222222222223, 0.013333333333333334, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0.08333333333333333, 0, 0, 0, 0.011764705882352941, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0.008, 0.010526315789473684, 0, 0.01098901098901099, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0 ]

[ "2. ", "My Little Dashie\n\n: My Little Pony: Friendship is Magic: An everyman in a generic rundown city finds a box with the living cartoon character Rainbow Dash in it as a foal. ", "He raises her as his own \"daughter\" and fifteen years later the other cartoon characters come to bring them to her animated home world.: ", "What, no gore, monsters or torture? ", "No content that would be generally considered NSFW? ", "Not even anything that would be considered a horror trope? ", "Not only all that, but the story's actually meant to be a heartwarming tale? ", "How can it possibly be included here? ", "The nameless protagonist is why. ", "It's not made explicit in the story, but there are many parts sprinkled throughout which make him seem like a loathsome sociopath. ", "Describing how his neighborhood is full of litter, he says he doesn't see the point in picking it up if the other \"people\" don't bother to maintain it, with people actually in quotes like his neighbors are a bunch of potential subhumans. ", "Later on, after an incident where he has an argument with Rainbow Dash, he describes that as the worst day of his life, even worse than \"the day of (his) parent's deaths.\" ", "At the beginning of the story he describes how when he watched the cartoon he would try to reach his way into \"that beautiful world... only to be stopped by my computer screen.\" ", "He's clearly not a very well-balanced person, and yet the story unironically treats their relationship like a beautiful thing sadly cut short. ", "That's much more creepily revealing than all the intentional horror in the other entries on this list. ", "Unfortunately many of the fans of My Little Pony saw this creepy person as identifiable, and so it became one of the other most viral stories on the internet. ", "Bronies were practically tripping over each other to make movies where they told the world that they were that guy. ", "To date only one has actually finished theirs and failed to remove the creepy aspects of the main character: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=PiBohDujLPs Read it Yourself" ]

{ "pile_set_name": "OpenWebText2" }

[ 0, 0.017543859649122806, 0, 0, 0.019230769230769232, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0.005813953488372093, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0.005917159763313609 ]

[ "Production and disposal of medium-chain fatty acids in children with medium-chain acyl-CoA dehydrogenase deficiency.", "\nThe effect of fasting on plasma concentrations of fatty acids has been determined in four children with medium-chain acyl-CoA dehydrogenase (MCAD) deficiency. ", "In addition, the in vivo rate of octanoate oxidation was measured, using [1-13C]octanoate. ", "In the three older children (1.5-11.2 years), fasting for up to 18 h stimulated lipolysis, as reflected by the increasing concentration of free fatty acids, but with little rise in concentrations of medium-chain fatty acids, octanoate, decanoate and cis-4-decenoate. ", "In an infant (0.5 year), lipolysis was greater and was accompanied by rising concentrations of medium-chain fatty acids. ", "After 13.5 h there was a rapid increase in the concentration of decanoate and cis-4-decenoate. ", "The calculated in vivo rate of octanoate oxidation was substantial in all patients studied (6.4-13.1 mumol/kg per h) despite very low MCAD activity in vitro. ", "It is concluded that under basal conditions the in vivo oxidation rate of medium-chain fatty acids is near normal in the four children studied with MCAD deficiency." ]

{ "pile_set_name": "PubMed Abstracts" }

[ 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0 ]

[ "Shortening reaction in normal and parkinsonian subjects.", "\nDuring passive extension of the elbow, the triceps shows a shortening reaction (SR), which is manifested by a burst of EMG activity. ", "The SR and the velocity of passive movement (VPM) were measured in parkinsonian patients and control subjects. ", "The mean SR was larger and the mean VPM was smaller in the parkinsonian group. ", "An unexpected finding was that \"reinforcement\" caused an increase of the SR in normal subjects but not in the patients. ", "The VPM is considered to be a measure of rigidity, and the SR provides a quantitative approach to the pathophysiology of muscle tone." ]

{ "pile_set_name": "PubMed Abstracts" }

[ 0, 0.007462686567164179, 0.018018018018018018, 0.012658227848101266, 0, 0.015037593984962405 ]

[ "Mary James Gill\n\nMary James Gill (; born 28 August 1985) is a Pakistani politician who was a Member of the Provincial Assembly of the Punjab, from May 2013 to May 2018.", "\n\nEarly life and education\nShe was born on 28 August 1985.", "\n\nShe earned the degrees of Bachelor of Arts (Hons) with Roll of Honour in 2004 from Lahore College for Women University. ", "In 2007, she received a degree of Bachelor of Laws.", "\n\nPolitical career\n\nShe was elected to the Provincial Assembly of the Punjab as a candidate of Pakistan Muslim League (N) on a reserved seat for women in 2013 Pakistani general election.", "\n\nReferences\n\nCategory:1985 births\nCategory:Living people\nCategory:Punjab MPAs 2013–2018\nCategory:Women members of the Provincial Assembly of the Punjab\nCategory:Pakistan Muslim League (N) politicians" ]

{ "pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)" }

[ 0.023668639053254437, 0.017241379310344827, 0.01639344262295082, 0, 0.010752688172043012, 0.01 ]

[ "SAINT-DENIS: Anti-terror squad of police operate in Saint-Denis, a northern suburb of Paris, Wednesday, Nov. 18, 2015, in the process of raiding the building where the suspected terrorists were holed up. ", "Photo – PTI/AP\n\nIn a shocking development, terror syndicate Islamic State has claimed killing two hostages as strikes against the IS stronghold firmed up post the terror attacks in France. ", "In the latest air strikes by French and Russian forces, 33 IS terrorists were killed in its stronghold in Syria. ", "Though the claims are yet to be verified, the terror syndicate’s English-language magazine ‘Dabiq’ featured graphic photos of two bodies naming that of two hostages, Chinese national Fan Jinghui and one Norwegian national Ole-Johan Grimsgaard-Ofstad.", "\n\nThe magazine caption read, “Executed after being abandoned by the ‘disbeliever’ nations and organisations.”", "\n\nTheir deaths come days after 129 people were killed and more than 300 were left wounded in Paris last week for which the IS had claimed responsibility. ", "The terror attack is termed as bloodiest on French soil. ", "The IS has also claimed responsibility of bombing the Russian passenger plane mid-air in Egypt, where 224 people were killed.", "\n\nReacting to the killing of hostages, the Norwegian Prime Minister’s office admitted that IS photos “seem to show that the hostage Ole-Johan Grimsgaard-Ofstad was executed.” ", "The high office, however, added that they are still “verifying it.”", "\n\nOn its part, Chinese establishment confirmed the killing of its national Fan Jinghui. ", "Calling it an “inhuman” death in a statement on its website on Thursday, China vowed to bring his killers to justice.", "\n\n“The terrorist organisation has no regard for human decency and the bottom line of morality,” spokesman Hong Lei said in Beijing.", "\n\n“They still carried out their barbaric acts of violence. ", "The Chinese government strongly condemns this inhuman atrocity…. ", "we must bring these criminals to justice,” the spokesperson added.", "\n\nThe two men were last featured in IS magazine Dabiq’s September edition, in which IS published an “advertisement” that they were “for sale”.", "\n\nSince Sunday, Russian and French raids have struck arms depots, barracks and other areas in Raqa city, the stronghold of Islamic State (IS) in northern Syria. ", "In between, the US and Russia has also begun contemplating a joint effort to counter IS. ", "A preliminary death toll from the Syrian Observatory for Human Rights monitor said 72 hours of strikes “left 33 dead and dozens wounded in IS ranks”." ]

{ "pile_set_name": "Pile-CC" }

[ 0.004901960784313725, 0.010582010582010581, 0, 0.008, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0.005714285714285714, 0, 0.011363636363636364, 0, 0.007633587786259542, 0, 0, 0, 0.007042253521126761, 0.006211180124223602, 0, 0.006711409395973154 ]

[ "The struggle to contain an Ebola outbreak in the Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC) suffered another setback on Thursday when a treatment center came under attack from protesters enraged by the cancellation of Sunday’s presidential vote in the city of Beni.", "\n\nAccording to the DRC health ministry, 24 patients fled from the center during the chaos. ", "Of those who fled, 17 had reportedly tested negative for Ebola and three of the patients returned to the clinic once guards restored order. ", "The ministry has contact information for all of the other patients and is attempting to get them back.", "\n\nAccording to officials at the Ebola treatment center, protesters attempted to force their way inside but were repelled by U.N. peacekeepers. ", "Police and military forces also dispersed a group of protesters who tried to force their way into the local offices of the national election commission.", "\n\nAustralia’s ABC News reported on Thursday that the election in Beni was ostensibly canceled because of the Ebola outbreak and local violence, but opponents of President Joseph Kabila suspect he opportunistically used the medical situation as an excuse to shut down voting in an opposition stronghold and swing the election to his chosen successor, former interior minister Emmanuel Ramazani Shadary. ", "Health officials had given explicit assurances the election would not be affected by the disease outbreak.", "\n\nThe presidential election, which would mark the first transfer of power since Kabila took office in 2001 following the assassination of his father, has already been postponed for two years. ", "Voters in the politically restless and Ebola-stricken province of North Kivu have now been told they have to wait until at least March to cast their ballots, even though the winner of the election will be announced on January 15 and inaugurated three days later. ", "Furious opposition leaders called the situation “unacceptable” and said the delayed, ultimately meaningless election will effectively disenfranchise over a million voters.", "\n\nPolitical activists said they have campaigned actively in the outbreak area without suffering any Ebola infections, children are still going to school, and most civic activities continue as normal, so there is no reason to delay the vote. ", "Health officials are worried about reports that some Congolese think there is no Ebola outbreak at all, just a conspiracy by Kabila’s government to declare a phony health emergency so he can suppress opposition voters." ]

{ "pile_set_name": "OpenWebText2" }

[ 0, 0, 0, 0, 0.006993006993006993, 0, 0.009950248756218905, 0, 0.005208333333333333, 0, 0, 0, 0.0045871559633027525 ]

[ "La «Toma de Caracas» convocada para el 1 de septiembre será una jornada «en paz y por la paz», aseguró este jueves el secretario ejecutivo de la Mesa de la Unidad Democrática (MUD), Jesús «Chuo» Torrealba.", "\n\nTorrealba anunció los siete puntos de concentración en que ha sido dividida la capital, según informó la página oficial de Unidad Venezuela.", "\n\n«La MUD está claramente comprometida con una jornada de paz. ", "Ese es nuestro compromiso y lo vamos a cumplir y a hacer cumplir», dijo Torrealba.", "\n\nIndicó que serán siete los puntos de concentración que funcionarán ese día en Caracas:\n\n1. ", "Unicentro El Marqués, donde, además de los caraqueños de las zonas aledañas, llegarán las personas que vengan de Anzoátegui, Barlovento, Guarenas y Guatire\n\n2. ", "En el Distribuidor Santa Fe estarán todos los vecinos de los barrios y urbanizaciones del sureste de Caracas, y también quienes vengan de los Altos Mirandinos.", "\n\n3. ", "En Caurimare habrá otro punto donde se concentrará la población de los municipios El Hatillo y Baruta.", "\n\n4. ", "En Santa Mónica, a la altura de Crema Paraíso, se concentrará la parte más cercana a ese sector del municipio Libertador y las personas que vengan de los estados andinos más Lara y Yaracuy.", "\n\n5. ", "En la avenida O´Higgins de El Paraíso se concentrará la gente del suroeste de la capital y todo el estado Vargas.", "\n\n6. ", "En la Plaza Venezuela se concentrarán los que vengan de los estados Zulia, Falcón, Aragua, Carabobo y Valles del Tuy junto al movimiento estudiantil venezolano.", "\n\n7. ", "Parque Cristal albergará a quienes procedan de los estados orientales de Nueva Esparta, Sucre, Delta Amacuro y Bolívar, además de la gente del área metropolitana de Caracas.", "\n\nTorrealba también indicó que hay estados en los cuales aún se están realizando coordinaciones con las respectivas representaciones regionales de la MUD, pero aseguró que «cada uno va a tener su punto de concentración acá en Caracas».", "\n\nAgregó que desde esas áreas se avanzará hacia un único punto de concentración que será anunciado 48 horas antes de la «Toma de Caracas», es decir, el martes 30 de agosto, día en que también se anunciarán las reglas de esta manifestación." ]

{ "pile_set_name": "OpenWebText2" }

[ 0.014634146341463415, 0.014084507042253521, 0, 0.024390243902439025, 0.010752688172043012, 0.025, 0.031446540880503145, 0, 0.0196078431372549, 0, 0.026455026455026454, 0, 0, 0, 0.03125, 0, 0.011560693641618497, 0.00425531914893617, 0.016736401673640166 ]

[ "{\n \"loc.messages.", "MSB_Build0\": \"빌드 {0}\",\n \"loc.messages.", "MSB_BuildToolNotFound\": \"Mac/Linux 에이전트에서 MSBuild 또는 xbuild(Mono)를 찾을 수 없습니다.\",", "\n \"loc.messages.", "MSB_DetectedNuGetExtensionsLoaderPath0\": \"NuGet 확장 로드 경로가 검색되었습니다. ", "환경 변수 NUGET_EXTENSIONS_PATH는 '{0}'(으)로 설정되어 있습니다.\",", "\n \"loc.messages.", "MSB_MSBuild15NotFoundionArchitecture0\": \"아키텍처 '{0}'에 대해 MSBuild 버전 '15.0'을 찾을 수 없습니다. ", "아키텍처 입력 값이 올바른지 확인하고 Visual Studio 2017이 설치되어 있는지 확인하세요. ", "Visual Studio 2017을 설치할 때 MSBuild 버전 '15.0'이 포함됩니다.\",", "\n \"loc.messages.", "MSB_MSBuildNotFound\": \"MSBuild를 찾을 수 없습니다. ", "msbuild.exe에 대한 위치를 지정하거나 Visual Studio를 설치하세요. ", "Visual Studio를 설치할 때 MSBuild가 포함됩니다.\",", "\n \"loc.messages.", "MSB_MSBuildNotFoundVersion0Architecture1\": \"버전 '{0}' 및 아키텍처 '{1}'에 대해 MSBuild를 찾을 수 없습니다. ", "다른 버전/아키텍처 조합을 시도해 보거나, 위치를 지정하거나, 적합한 버전의 Visual Studio를 설치해 보세요. ", "Visual Studio를 설치할 때 MSBuild가 포함됩니다.\",", "\n \"loc.messages.", "MSB_RestoreNuGetPackagesDeprecated\": \"'NuGet 패키지 복원' 옵션은 사용되지 않습니다. ", "빌드에서 NuGet 패키지를 복원하려면 빌드 정의에 NuGet 도구 설치 관리자 작업을 추가하세요.\",", "\n \"loc.messages.", "MSB_SolutionNotFoundUsingSearchPattern0\": \"검색 패턴 '{0}'을(를) 사용하여 솔루션을 찾을 수 없습니다.\",", "\n \"loc.messages.", "MSB_UnableToFindMSBuildVersion0Architecture1FallbackVersion2\": \"아키텍처 '{1}'에 대해 MSBuild 버전 '{0}'을(를) 찾을 수 없습니다. '{", "2}' 버전을 대신 사용합니다.\"", "\n}" ]

{ "pile_set_name": "Github" }

[ 0, 0, 0.012658227848101266, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0.011627906976744186, 0.017543859649122806, 0.03773584905660377, 0, 0, 0.020833333333333332, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0.014705882352941176, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0.008849557522123894, 0.05555555555555555, 0 ]

[ "If this is your first visit, be sure to\ncheck out the FAQ by clicking the\nlink above. ", "You may have to register\nbefore you can post: click the register link above to proceed. ", "To start viewing messages,\nselect the forum that you want to visit from the selection below.", "\n\nHybrid View\n\nFearless 2013 Predictions Thread!", "\n\nHopefully, I'm not stepping on the toes of another thread here (I couldn't find one), so here goes. ", "Tell me your bold predictions for 2013 in terms of gaming. ", "Doesn't have to just be PC-related, although if you mention consoles, your post has to include the prerequisite level of disdain. ", "I'll start us off:\n\nMy fearless gaming predictions for 2013:\n\nSteamBox PConsole will release this year.", "\n\nSource Engine 2 and Half-Life 3 will release this year, and it will include HL2: Episode 3 treated as a set of prologue missions.", "\n\nSource Engine 2 will release with a set of simplified modding tools, reminiscent of the Portal 2 modding tool.", "\n\nMicrosoft's new Xbox will release before year-end, but Sony's follow-up to the PS3 will miss the holiday season.", "\n\nNintendo WiiU will have a price drop before the holiday season. ", "Their online functionality will continue to suck.", "\n\nSuper Mario Galaxy 3 will be released.", "\n\nApple will finally get more on the gaming bandwagon by providing branded controllers for a new line of high-end Apple TVs. ", "It will be announced but not released before year-end.", "\n\nTHQ will be have moderate success with 2013 releases, but sadly, not enough to survive. (", "I really hope I'm wrong on this one.)", "\n\nThe rights to Kingdoms of Amalur will be bought, and a sequel will be announced.", "\n\nElder Scrolls Online will launch and no one will care.", "\n\nDespite my protests and commitments to the contrary, I will buy more games than I should in 2013, and I will play more games than I should as well.", "\n\nI will shed no tears at the flurry of insults I receive through the course of this thread.", "\n\nThe reveal will happen before. ", "They're not going to share the stage with anyone else. ", "I'm betting on way before E3. ", "Another prediction: while marketing will be planned and approved by the mothership, Microsoft's partners will also run campaigns of their own for this product.", "\nE3 is going to be the media blowout.", "\n\nSomeone will declare that PC gaming isn't dead, despite the fact it was never terminally ill in the first place.", "\n\nSomeone will declare that adventure games aren't dead, despite the fact they had been out of their coma and energetically dancing around in discotheques for the past few months.", "\n\nSomeone will declare that god games aren't dead, whether they come back in a blaze of glory or as out of touch as Rip Van Winkle is anyone's guess.", "\n\nSomeone will declare that space games aren't dead, leading to much scrabbling in lofts for dusty joysticks (oi, I saw you wanting to make your own joke, settle down and stop sniggering at the back).", "\n\nSomeone will hysterically declare Kickstarter is dead on the basis of one failure, someone else will calmly point out that we had this discussion last year and who needs an appendix anyway when the important organs are actually doing rather well.", "\n\nSomeone will remark that gamers seem awfully obsessed with death leading to a seven page comment thread which is depressingly lacking for witty puns.", "\n\nActivision make the Activision box, becomes the exclusive platform for all Activision games. ", "Every other platform declared dead by most of the non-gaming press.", "\nEA will try to launch a competing platform, both companies throw too much money into the systems, both fail by 2014, major market crash.", "\n\nMadness! ", "Instead vague allusions to disenfranchisement with the rps writers social policies(religion, sexism, nationalism etc.) ", "will populate 20-28% of threads.", "\nNew(less than 3 month old)games will be crash discounted and waves of posts about the game being disappointing will show up.", "\nEvery first person shooter that turned a profit in the last 12 months will get a sequel, dlc and pay for experience point options.", "\n\nThe first Word Proccessing application with \"Unlocks\" will come out and herald a golden age of bro-blogging.", "\n\nThe new XBOX will run on a version of Windows 8 with it's Metro interface that will have all the exclusive XBOX games on it, despite the very brain-dead obviousness that all these games could run on PC Windows 7 and 8 if Microsoft didn't force them to be exclusive to XBOX WHATEVER.", "\n\nThe PC will dominate, winning over new converts with it's free market, Indi scene, mods, and countless other advantages. ", "By the end of the year the focus will have shifted back to the consoles again. ", "Everyone will then proceed to buy them because they'd just look so pretty next to their 3D TVs, I-Pads, and Blu-rays, and god forbid if they don't have the latest piece of technology right away, GOD FORBID!" ]

{ "pile_set_name": "Pile-CC" }

[ 0.011627906976744186, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0.02631578947368421, 0, 0, 0, 0.016, 0, 0.01098901098901099, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0.006289308176100629, 0, 0, 0, 0.006711409395973154, 0, 0.004032258064516129, 0, 0.021052631578947368, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0.00909090909090909, 0.007042253521126761, 0, 0, 0.0048543689320388345 ]

[ "The objective of the proposed research is to investigate how genes, environment, and gene-environment interactions influence temporal changes in body mass index (BMI) at vulnerable periods of the life cycle. ", "Little is known about how individual susceptibility to environmental contexts influences attained size and trajectories of body mass change. ", "We will leverage Framingham Heart Study genome-wide association study (GWAS) data to investigate interactions between genetic variation and modifiable environmental factors in the determination of body mass in two NIH-funded longitudinal cohort studies with high obesity incidence: The National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent Health (Add Health), a nationally representative sample of adolescents attending US schools in 1994 with 12 years of follow-up, including 5,000 European Americans, 2,100 African Americans, 1,500 Hispanic Americans and 900 Asian Americans;and the Cebu Longitudinal Health and Nutrition Survey (CLHNS), a cohort of 1,800 reproductive aged women with 20 years of follow up, which we will use to augment the Asian sample and to compare results across different environments. ", "Both datasets provide detailed longitudinal data at individual, household, and community levels and sufficient DNA for extensive genotyping. ", "Single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP) selection will be based on: 1) GWAS data from the Framingham Heart Study, SNPs with greatest evidence for association with BMI level and change;and 2) literature-based candidates. ", "In the first stage of genotyping, we will select approximately 7,300 SNPs for association testing in a subsample of the Add Health European-American sample. ", "In a second stage, we will genotype approximately 1,200 of the most strongly associated SNPs from stage 1 in the rest of the European, African, Hispanic, and Asian American Add Health subsamples and in the CLHNS sample. ", "Environmental factors, behaviors and genes that predict BMI level and change will be identified in each cohort, and then gene by environment interactions will be assessed in statistical models predicting BMI over time. ", "Our study will further the understanding of how the effects of genetic variation are modified by the environment, a critical step towards development of efficacious programs for the prevention and treatment of obesity and the reduction of disparities in obesity by race/ethnicity and socioeconomic status. ", "PUBLIC HEALTH RELEVANCE: The objective of the proposed research is to investigate how genes, environment, and gene-environment interactions influence temporal changes in body mass index (BMI) at vulnerable periods of the life cycle. ", "Our study will further the understanding of how the effects of genetic variation are modified by the environment, a critical step towards development of efficacious programs for the prevention and treatment of obesity and the reduction of disparities in obesity by race/ethnicity and socioeconomic status." ]

{ "pile_set_name": "NIH ExPorter" }

[ 0.004807692307692308, 0, 0.006257822277847309, 0, 0.009174311926605505, 0.006369426751592357, 0.00909090909090909, 0.0091324200913242, 0, 0.004291845493562232, 0 ]

[ "<?", "xml version=\"1.0\" encoding=\"UTF-8\"?", ">\n<phpunit xmlns:xsi=\"http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance\"\n xsi:noNamespaceSchemaLocation=\"https://schema.phpunit.de/6.0/phpunit.xsd\"\n bootstrap=\"vendor/autoload.php\"\n forceCoversAnnotation=\"true\"\n beStrictAboutCoversAnnotation=\"true\"\n beStrictAboutOutputDuringTests=\"true\"\n beStrictAboutTodoAnnotatedTests=\"true\"\n verbose=\"true\">\n <testsuite>\n <directory suffix=\"Test.php\">tests</directory>\n </testsuite>\n\n <filter>\n <whitelist processUncoveredFilesFromWhitelist=\"true\">\n <directory suffix=\".php\">src</directory>\n </whitelist>\n </filter>\n</phpunit>\n" ]

{ "pile_set_name": "Github" }

[ 0, 0.02857142857142857, 0.006097560975609756 ]

[ "1. ", "Step Up – aka where their love story began.", "\n\nIt was on the set of this movie that Channing and Jenna first met 12 years ago. ", "Their chemistry was palpable. ", "And don’t pretend you haven’t tried to copy the final dance at least once.", "\n\n2. ", "They’re messy, but they’re messy together.", "\n\nWhen Channing and Jenna appeared on the The Ellen Show, we discovered – through photos of their shared bathroom – that Jenna is adorably messy and Channing is so fine with it. ", "His toiletries are relegated to a solitary corner and he doesn’t mind one bit because, so in love.", "\n\n“I’m pretty sure Channing’s the only man I could be married to, much less live with, because he lives with this,” Jenna explained.", "\n\n3. ", "The Lip Sync Battle.", "\n\nThere is no way we could ever forget the Magic-Mike inspired lap dance Jenna gave her husband on show.", "\n\nNot even Channing could keep his cool.", "\n\nRelive those memories and watch the scene here:\n\nVideo by Lip Sync Battle\n\nChanning then casually channelled Beyoncé, performing Who Run the World? (", "Girl) while donning a blonde wig before being joined by ACTUAL QUEEN BEY on stage. ", "Much, much happier times.", "\n\n4. ", "The gushing birthday dedication.", "\n\nWhile fans first suspected potential problems after both Channing and Jenna stopped posting photos of each other on social media, let's choose to be optimists right now and look back at the good times." ]

{ "pile_set_name": "Pile-CC" }

[ 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0.011235955056179775, 0, 0.015151515151515152, 0, 0.05, 0.009615384615384616, 0, 0.013245033112582781, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0 ]

[ "Q:\n\nHow to make a function to find the difference between each element of two arrays of equal length\n\nThe function supposedly checks if the size of both arrays are the same. ", "If they are, compare each index of both arrays and see which one has a greater value. ", "Store the bigger value inside a third array. ", "If both values are equal, then store a zero inside the 3rd array. ", "Prior to the end of the function, display all the elements in the third array. ", "If sizes of both arrays are not equal, then display \"Comparison is not possible\".", "\nAll I have tried is brute force studying ANSI C but I'm still a bit lost.", "\nExample 1:\nInput:\narrA[] = {1, 4, 7, 8, 9};\narrB[] = {3, 2, 7, 8, 6};\n\nOutput:\narrC[] = {3, 4, 0, 0, 9};\n\nExample 2:\nInput:\narrA[] = {1, 2, 3}; \narrB[] = {2, 4, 5, 7, 9};\n\nOutput:\nComparison is not possible.", "\n\nA:\n\nYou can do this by using a function called \"sizeof\".", "\nif(sizeof(arrA) == sizeof(arrB)){\n //OK\n}else{\n //NG\n}\n\n" ]

{ "pile_set_name": "StackExchange" }

[ 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0.012345679012345678, 0, 0, 0, 0 ]

[ "Calculated carbon-hydrogen bond dissociation enthalpies for predicting oxidative susceptibility of drug substance molecules.", "\nThe carbon-hydrogen bond dissociation enthalpy (BDE) concept is evaluated as a potential computed indicator of stability of pharmaceutical drug substance candidates - specifically for oxidative stability of these molecules. ", "Computational methods are discussed. ", "Accuracy and validity of the methods are evaluated. ", "BDEs are computed for several well-known molecules, for which stability and degradant identification information is known. ", "Anecdotal correlations are noted between the lowest BDE energies of familiar molecules (sertraline, ezlopitant and related structures, ziprasidone, trovafloxacin, and varenicline), the sites of oxidative lability on these molecules and the identities of oxidative degradants. ", "A low BDE may correlate in general with a reactive site on a molecule, not just an oxidatively susceptible one." ]

{ "pile_set_name": "PubMed Abstracts" }

[ 0, 0.0044444444444444444, 0, 0, 0, 0.0036231884057971015, 0.009009009009009009 ]

[ "Major League Baseball suggested sweeping changes to the minor leagues -- including a significant increase in salaries, a higher standard of living conditions and better transportation -- during an initial collective-bargaining session with the group that oversees the minors, sources familiar with the meeting told ESPN.", "\n\nAfter years of weathering criticism and lawsuits regarding minor league pay, MLB appears ready to remedy what long has been considered substandard treatment of its future players. ", "The meeting took place within the last month, around the same time the Toronto Blue Jays were finalizing a new wage scale for their minor league players, which was first reported by The Athletic. ", "The working agreement between MLB and the National Association of Professional Baseball Leagues, which operates Minor League Baseball, expires in September 2020.", "\n\n\"We have received many questions regarding the decision of the Toronto Blue Jays to increase the salaries of minor league players,\" MLB said in a statement to ESPN. \"", "While each Club makes its own decisions regarding minor league salaries, the Office of the Commissioner is presently in negotiations with the National Association of Professional Baseball on the terms of a new agreement between the Major Leagues and the Minor Leagues to replace the agreement that expires in September 2020. ", "The working conditions of minor league players, including their compensation, facilities and benefits, is an important area of discussion in those negotiations.\"", "\n\nThe complexity of such fundamental changes to the system could complicate bargaining, particularly with regard to the cost and how much each side is responsible. ", "MLB's position on progressive policy for minor leaguers has strong support among major league owners, an owner familiar with the discussions told ESPN, but the expectation is that minor league affiliates would pick up at least some of the burden of the various improvements.", "\n\nCurrently, MLB pays the entirety of minor league salaries, which have been the subject of lawsuits to increase them and legislation to protect them. ", "Players at Class-A affiliates receive as little as $1,160 per month, though with clubhouse dues and taxes, the take-home pay can be a fraction of that. ", "Those in their first season at Triple-A make just $2,150 a month before dues and taxes. ", "Minor league players are legally unable to earn overtime after Congress inserted a cutout into a $1.3 billion spending bill last spring that exempted teams from paying beyond the $7.25 minimum wage at 40 hours a week.", "\n\nPublic pressure on MLB has mounted in recent years from lawsuits that challenged that paradigm, though they've run into roadblocks. ", "A class-action lawsuit filed against MLB is currently awaiting an appeal from the 9th U.S. Circuit Court of Appeals on its class certification. ", "Garrett Broshuis, the lawyer arguing the case and a former minor league pitcher, is hopeful the conversations between MLB and the minor leagues can lead to substantive amendments because, he said, there are plenty of areas to amend.", "\n\n\"If Major League Baseball is serious about improving, there are so many different places,\" Broshuis told ESPN. \"", "College baseball players receive a higher per diem than minor league baseball players do. ", "College players don't need to pay clubhouse dues, whereas minor league players do. ", "You look at housing, where you're making so little that six players live in a two-bedroom apartment on air mattresses. ", "That's less than ideal.\"", "\n\nAs much as officials across baseball might agree, few have taken steps to renovate a system that treats players much the same as it has for decades. ", "Even with Toronto increasing Class-A pay by more than 50 percent, players still will receive less than $12,000 a year, far from a living wage. ", "The praise for Toronto across the industry was nonetheless notable, and bumping minor league salaries -- whether it takes the form of across-the-board changes or becomes a merit-based system -- would have benefits in both public relations and player wellness.", "\n\nThe latter, especially, can grow in manifold other ways. ", "The travel, particularly in the low minor leagues, is miserable, with overnight trips on cramped buses typical. ", "Off-days could be added to ease the wear of the season. ", "A number of stadiums, particularly at lower-level affiliates, feature undersized clubhouses, nonexistent training facilities and troubled infrastructure. ", "New standards could be set for minor league stadiums, with the expectation that teams will be responsible for the costs.", "\n\nFor those who don't, there could be a contraction of affiliates -- another way perhaps to save costs for the increased expenses elsewhere. ", "Teams' player-development departments -- which covet the multilevel system that has more than 6,000 players in the minors each year -- would unquestionably push back on the idea of fewer teams.", "\n\nBecause it's early in bargaining, the shape of the changes remains fluid. ", "What was clear from the bargaining meeting, sources told ESPN, was MLB's desire to overhaul a system in need of it -- and Minor League Baseball's understanding that as the beneficiary of the free labor, it's in no strong position to argue otherwise." ]

{ "pile_set_name": "OpenWebText2" }

[ 0.00625, 0.005494505494505495, 0.01020408163265306, 0.018633540372670808, 0.017857142857142856, 0.015384615384615385, 0, 0, 0.0072992700729927005, 0.006622516556291391, 0, 0, 0.004608294930875576, 0.007462686567164179, 0.013888888888888888, 0.008620689655172414, 0.02631578947368421, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0.0051813471502590676, 0, 0.012048192771084338 ]

[ "Back in 2017, after it had already become clear that negative LHC results about SUSY and WIMPs had falsified theorist’s most popular scenarios for how to extend the Standard Model, Nima Arkani-Hamed gave a summer school talk to students with the title Where in the World are SUSY & WIMPS?, ", "which I discussed here. ", "At the time I was encouraged that while he was still promoting SUSY and the landscape (in the split SUSY variant), at least he seemed to be arguing that the lesson to be drawn might be that the whole SUSY-GUT business was a mistake:\n\nThe disadvantage to the trajectory of going with what works and then changing a little and changing a little is that you might just be in the basin of attraction of the wrong idea from the start and then you’ll just stay there for ever.", "\n\nA few weeks ago in Princeton, at a PCTS workshop on Dark Matter, he gave an updated version of the same talk. ", "Much of it was the same material about how split SUSY is the best idea still standing. ", "Unfortunately, at the end (1:09) he seems to now have changed his mind and be arguing that the best thing for theorists to do is to keep tweaking the models that failed at the LHC:\n\nYou could very justifiably say “look, you’re just continuing to make excuses for a paradigm that failed”, OK, and I would say that’s true, and even the paradigm most of your advisors love [e.g. usual SUSY] was already an excuse for the failure of non-supersymmetric GUTs before that. ", "That is a perfectly decent attitude to take, but I would like to at least tell you that you should study some of the history of physics. ", "This very, very, very rarely happens, that some idea that seems basically right is just crap and wrong, It’s probably mostly right with a tweak or some reinterpretation. ", "You’d have to go back over…, I don’t know how far you’d have to go back, even Ptolemy wasn’t so far from wrong… These are two different attitudes towards connecting theory and experiment. ", "If you like, more the theory egocentered attitude, or the just more explore from the bottom up attitude, they’re both perfectly good attitudes, we’ll see which is more fruitful in the end. ", "If you take the more top-down attitude, just keep fixing things a little bit.", "\n\nIf you had to pick the single most influential theorist out there on these issues, it would probably be Arkani-Hamed. ", "This kind of refusal to face reality is I think a significant factor in what has caused Sabine Hossenfelder to go on her anti-new-collider campaign. ", "While I disagree with her and would like to see a new collider project, the prospect of having to spend the decades of my golden years listening to the argument “we were always right about SUSY, it just needs a tweak, and we’ll see it at the FCC” is almost enough to make me change my mind…\n\n\n\nUpdate: Today Ethan Siegel at Forbes has Why Supersymmetry May Be The Greatest Failed Prediction in Particle Physics History." ]

{ "pile_set_name": "OpenWebText2" }

[ 0.013793103448275862, 0, 0, 0.017857142857142856, 0.011494252873563218, 0.002145922746781116, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0.006711409395973154, 0.00954653937947494 ]

[ "If there is one quote that sums up the ethos of Uber, it might be this cut from the company’s firebrand CEO Travis Kalanick: “Stand by your principles and be comfortable with confrontation. ", "So few people are, so when the people with the red tape come, it becomes a negotiation.” ", "But after a month marked by one disaster after another, it’s hard to see how Uber’s defiant, confrontational attitude hasn’t blown up in its face. ", "And those disasters mask one key, critical issue: Uber is doomed because it can’t actually make money.", "\n\nAfter a discombobulated 2016, in which Uber burned through more than $2 billion, amid findings that rider fares only cover roughly 40 percent of a ride, with the remainder subsidized by venture capitalists, it’s hard to imagine Kalanick could take the company public at its stunning current valuation of nearly $70 billion.", "\n\nYet even when those factors are removed, it’s becoming more evident that Uber will collapse on its own. ", "Barring a drastic shift in the company’s business—an implausible rollout of self-driving car fleets across the U.S., an increase of fares by three-fold, or a complete monopolization of the taxi and ride-hailing markets—Uber’s lifeline is shrinking. ", "Its business model could collapse if one court case, and there are many, goes against it. ", "Or perhaps more pressing, if it simply runs out of cash.", "\n\nThat Kalanick quote about confrontation may be as innocuous as a random sound bite, but it’s representative of the ride-hailing giant’s methodology since its founding in 2009: a perpetual resistance to regulatory oversight; a belief that, ultimately, an unfettered market is the key to prosperity.", "\n\nAdvertisement\n\nAt first glance it seems like Kalanick’s libertarian ideals have paid off. ", "Most recently valued at a reported $69 billion, Uber has captured a majority of the ground transportation market and flipped the taxi industry—a sector Kalanick once famously and snidely referred to as the Big Taxi Cartel—on its head. ", "His philosophy mirrors the mindset of one of his favorite authors, the laissez-faire Ayn Rand. ", "In 2012, Kalanick proffered that Uber’s battle against government regulations has an “uncanny resemblance” to the Randian philosophy. ", "A billionaire fighting The System—and prevailing. ", "It’s a good story for those who find truth in Atlas Shrugged.", "\n\nPhoto: Getty\n\nUber’s long had skeptics, and it’s not innovative to paint Kalanick, 40, as the boogeyman of Silicon Valley, where unseemly savants exist in vast supply.", "\n\nThe precarious moment in the company’s eight-year history falls on Kalanick’s lap. ", "It’s his baby after all—a startup founded on seemingly nothing more than a vague idea, without much regard for the workforce to make it possible, or even a clear idea of what business model it actually wants to pursue. ", "Uber has jumped from one idea to the next: UberX, UberEats, autonomous cars, and now flying cars, of all things.", "\n\n“Instead of just focusing on being a good taxi company for the digital age… it’s blowing all sorts of money [on] self driving-cars and China and now India. ", "The company just so much reflects the megalomania of Travis Kalanick and whatever he thinks he’s doing.”", "\n\nThe impact of Uber’s death would probably be as much of a rebuke of Kalanick’s vision of running on a scatterbrained dream, not so much a solid business model and philosophy, that you could muster.", "\n\nAdvertisement\n\nIt would also be devastating for some. ", "The livelihood of 11,000 employees across the world rests on Kalanick’s decision to submit to that philosophy—which, at its core, is a ruthless way of doing business. ", "At the very least, drivers in the pre-Uber market could earn a decent living. ", "Conversely, for example, Uber drivers taking advantage of new “vehicle solution” pilot program in Boston — renting cars by the hour through Zipcar — will earn less than Massachusetts’ minimum wage. ", "How innovative.", "\n\nThe Contractor Problem\n\nOne of the biggest issues that has left Uber’s business model hanging in the balance is its resistance to classifying its drivers—there are reportedly600,000 in the U.S.—as employees, not contractors. ", "If Uber is a house of cards, this is a key part of the foundation that, once removed, would demolish the structure.", "\n\nAdvertisement\n\nIndeed, the company has said reclassifying drivers could “force Uber to restructure its entire business model.” ", "The result of its opposition to readjust has been entirely expected. ", "Without the perks and protectionsthat an employee may enjoy—health care, benefits, gasoline and work reimbursements, vehicle maintenance, all of which could reportedly total as much as $730 million—complaints from drivers have piled up, ranging from low pay to new services like UberEats (a loathed food delivery service that’s reportedly set to lose over $100 million annually) and UberPOOL, its carpool option which increases the company’s take per-ride, lowers the take-home pay for drives, and is understood to be quite a drag for drivers and passengers alike. ", "Drivers themselves said as much in a recent, disastrous question-and-answer session with Uber’s president.", "\n\nThe counter-argument—perhaps one that would come from Kalanick himself—is that Uber drivers have the freedom to work whenever and wherever they want, or for the company at all. ", "But the reality is that perception is built on a lie.", "\n\nDrivers with loans need to work to pay their monthly tab, thereby necessitating they work more for less, and so on. (", "Figures released in 2015 indicated that nearly 40 percent of Uber’s driver force has no other source of income, while 30 percent work for Uber while holding down a second part-time job.)", "\n\n“The Uber thing worked because it was cheaper and, initially, it was more pleasant than the typical taxi. ", "So that’s why it worked. ", "But people don’t have loyalty to Uber, not even the drivers.”", "\n\n“I thought I would try it out because I was desperate,” said one driver who learned about the company after reading an online ad and declined to be named for fear of retribution in an interview with Jalopnik. “", "Back then, the pay was quite a bit more than it is now. ", "There have been a number of fare cuts since then. ", "So, at the beginning, it was kind of different because not only was the pay higher, [but] because the pay was higher, there was a different type of customer that was using the service.”", "\n\nAdvertisement\n\nHe added, “And then contrast that with now with uberPOOL, a driver can be getting paid just 80 cents for a ride, and all the sudden you have these people who might’ve been taking the bus, and now all the sudden they’re your boss for 80 cents and you better hop to and do what they say with a smile, or you’re going to get a 1 star rating, if not [physically] assaulted in some cases.”", "\n\n“Customers want to get from A to B quickly, pleasantly, and at a reasonable price,” said Erik Gordon, a professor at the University of Michigan’s Ross School of Business. “", "The Uber thing worked because it was cheaper and, initially, it was more pleasant than the typical taxi. ", "So that’s why it worked. ", "But people don’t have loyalty to Uber, not even the drivers. ", "The drivers tend to drive for both” Uber and Lyft, its chief competitor and a company with a remarkably more cuddly public image, albeit one that is probably not deserved.", "\n\nAdvertisement\n\nBut it’s the driver classification as contractors that’s routinely staked out as potentially devastating for Uber. ", "A $100 million settlement for a high-profile federal class-action suit over driver classification was denied last year, but the judge in the case believes Uber has enough wiggle room to readjust and still survive, despite the company’s insistence that it would have to wholly restructure its operations. ", "While that case remains pending, more suits over the driver classification have continued to emerge.", "\n\n“If you lose a case in a state—the state asserts they’re employees for state law—it would encourage other states to file lawsuits, but you only lose state by state,” Gordon said. “", "If you lose it at the federal level they’re in huge trouble.”", "\n\n“The part-time model can last forever,” he continued. ", "But with drivers doing this more or less full time, he said, “Something has to change; the price of the rides has to change... And if what changes is these people end up being employees, then I think the whole house falls down.”", "\n\nThe essay by Susan Fowler Rigetti alleged that her former boss, for instance, solicited her for sex.", "\n\nOn my first official day rotating on the team, my new manager sent me a string of messages over company chat. ", "He was in an open relationship, he said, and his girlfriend was having an easy time finding new partners but he wasn’t. ", "He was trying to stay out of trouble at work, he said, but he couldn’t help getting in trouble, because he was looking for women to have sex with. ", "It was clear that he was trying to get me to have sex with him, and it was so clearly out of line that I immediately took screenshots of these chat messages and reported him to HR.", "\n\nWhen Fowler Rigetti engaged with HR, she said, they responded that “even though this was clearly sexual harassment and he was propositioning me, it was this man’s first offense ... he ‘was a high performer.’” ", "Translation: Nothing would happen to him.", "\n\nAdvertisement\n\nKalanick immediately issued a statement that what Fowler Rigetti described is “abhorrent and against everything Uber stands for and believes in.” ", "He added that it was the first time he’d learned of the allegations. ", "An investigation was ordered, and Uber hired former U.S. Attorney General Eric Holder to conduct the internal probe.", "\n\nBut Silicon Valley is a small place, where high-profile talent bounce around companies on a regular basis. ", "People talk. ", "For Uber, the damage may have already been done.", "\n\n“I think this could definitely take a toll,” said one former Uber exec who requested anonymity, adding: “It’s going to be difficult to continue to recruit the best and brightest talent.”", "\n\nAdvertisement\n\nFowler Rigetti claims Uber had a “game-of-thrones political war ranging within the ranks of upper management in the infrastructure engineering organization.” ", "Managers and peers duked it out, she said, while some attempted to undermine their direct supervisors with the intention of taking their job.", "\n\n“The ramifications of these political games were significant: projects were abandoned left and right,” she said. ", "The discontent and disorder at Uber HQ that she describes doesn’t lend credence to the idea that it’s facilitating a decent work environment to succeed going forward.", "\n\nA Fleet Of Robot Cars Because Robots Aren’t People\n\nIn late November, the financial blog Naked Capitalism published the first of a series of pieces by transportation industry analyst Hubert Horan on the financial viability of Uber. ", "The posts asked a simple question: “Can Uber Ever Deliver?” ", "According to Horan, based on a significant amount of data on the company’s finances that has been released, the answer is no.", "\n\nAdvertisement\n\nHoran argues that, in order for Uber to prove that its domination of the taxi industry will improve overall economic welfare, it would have to earn sustainable profits; provide service at a significantly lower cost; create new competitive advantages through “major product redesigns and technology/process innovations”; and, eventually, be incentivized to pass on its efficiency gains to consumers.", "\n\nUber’s autonomous test cars. ", "Photo: AP\n\nThis hinges on an autonomous driving fleet. ", "Despite optimistic overtures from automakers and self-driving car start-ups, the likelihood of that coming to fruition, if ever, is decades away. ", "Ford has an optimistic plan to roll out fully-autonomous cars by 2021, for example, but they would be limited to use in a geo-fenced area.", "\n\nAdvertisement\n\nKalanick himself has said the development of self-driving cars is “existential” to Uber. ", "Labor drives up operating costs; removing 160,000 drivers from the equation makes it a lot easier to balance the books. ", "Though Uber has a reported $11 billion war chest stowed away, by burning through billions at a rapid clip, the path and timeline to becoming a driverless car company — however that would materialize — is muddled.", "\n\nEven then, Uber’s likelihood of success appears slim.", "\n\n“If you put driverless cars totally aside, the near-term future of Uber is the question of whether they could succeed in establishing a reasonably secure quasi-monopoly position in the United States and other large developed country markets before the cash runs out,” Horan said in an email to Jalopnik. “", "This is certainly possible but by no means certain. ", "If yes, cash flow would improve considerably. ", "If no, cash flow problems could get worse as the world becomes increasingly aware that it will never generate sustainable profits in its core business. ", "Kalanick said that Uber had an ‘existential’ need to succeed in driverless cars. ", "This suggests his optimism about taxi profitability is not what it used to be.” ", "And at the rate it’s going, Uber could crash and burn through its stockpile of cash by the end of the decade.", "\n\nAdvertisement\n\nLike a lot of Silicon Valley companies, Uber has survived on the backs of wealthy investors that have propped it up, despite eye-popping losses for several years. ", "Horan’s analysis found that Uber has maintained operating losses of $2 billion a year, surpassing any start-up in history, with a negative 143 percent profit margin. “", "Thus Uber’s current operations depend on $2 billion in subsidies, funded out of the $13 billion in cash its investors have provided,” he wrote.", "\n\nFurther, Horan found that Uber passengers fares only covered 41 percent of the actual trip cost, suggesting it charges far-too little for fares. ", "Even public transit systems, long lambasted for being money-losing ventures, perform better: for instance, fare revenue for the Washington Metropolitan Area Transit Authority, which serves the nation’s capital, accounts for 47 percent of its operating costs.", "\n\n“Uber ... was using these massive [investor] subsidies to undercut the fares and provide more capacity than the competitors who had to cover 100 percent of their costs out of passenger fares,” Horan wrote.", "\n\nHow To Stop The Cash Hemorrhage\n\nIf a monopoly is the key to success, it’s hard to figure how Uber can achieve total dominance. ", "In the third quarter of 2016, for instance, Uber lost $800 million, according to The Information, a tech news site. ", "Its chief rival, Lyft, is backed by General Motors and recently secured market share gains against Uber in significant U.S. markets, the site said, adding that Lyft’s “continued relevance in the U.S. has changed the math for Uber in terms how much it projected it could profit from developed markets in the next few years.”", "\n\nAdvertisement\n\nSteven Hill, a former fellow at the New America Foundation think tank, who has regularly criticized Uber, said the company has been successful only because “taxi service has kind of sucked.”", "\n\n“Because the other thing that’s really bedeviling Uber: instead of just focusing on being a good taxi company for the digital age … finding the way, a sweet spot, to make that work, it’s blowing all sorts of money [on] self driving-cars and China and now India. ", "The company just so much reflects the megalomania of Travis Kalanick and whatever he thinks he’s doing.”", "\n\nPhoto: Uber\n\n“I mean, seven out of 10 silicon valley startups fail,” Hill went on. “", "They’re producing a product or service that no one necessarily wants to buy at the cost you can produce it for. ", "Capitalism 101, right? ", "So that’s what we’re seeing with Uber. ", "At this moment, it does not appear that Uber is able to produce a service that customers will pay enough more to make it sustainable.”", "\n\nAdvertisement\n\nIt’s unclear in what markets Uber may be turning a profit, if any at all. ", "The company reportedly said it wanted to achieve profitability in the second quarter of 2016, and it claimed at the time it had reached that goal in the U.S. and Canada. ", "But by December, according to Bloomberg, Uber was losing money again in the U.S., to the tune of $100 million per year.", "\n\nIt’s also striking that Uber tapped Wall Street banks for a billion dollar loan by convincing several financial institutions to focus only on its nearly $70 billion valuation, and not operating losses in certain markets. ", "According to Reuters, regulators at the Federal Reserve were bothered by the loan because the banks “carved out Uber’s more mature operations from the rest of the business.”", "\n\nAt the rate it’s going, Uber could crash and burn through its stockpile of cash by the end of the decade.", "\n\nThat’s a vague statement, but Reuters said the regulators’ scrutiny was “not a surprise because it is rare for young, unprofitable technology firms to tap the leveraged loan market which is traditionally restricted to companies with long histories of generating cash.” (", "The reserve declined to release any documents related to the loan in response to a Freedom of Information Act request, saying: “Such information, including any statement confirming or denying that any such information exists, would constitute a disclosure of confidential supervisory information” and thereby was exempt from public release.)", "\n\nAdvertisement\n\nAgain, it’s commonplace for venture capitalists and early stage investors to fund operating deficits. ", "The belief is that “the company is going to grow fast enough and that, with enough growth, it’s going to turn profitable, and it’s going to turn highly profitable,” said Gordon, the University of Michigan business professor.", "\n\nA common comparison to describe Uber’s approach is Amazon, which lost money consistently over the first several years of its existence. ", "As Horan notes, however, Amazon’s “worst losses were $1.4 billion in its fifth year of operations, but shrank rapidly thereafter, while Uber’s losses have been steadily growing and will be over $3 billion in its seventh year.”", "\n\nThe problem with Uber, Horan argued, is that it doesn’t have a powerful economy of scale — that is, the savings in cost that are produced when production increases, particularly through fixed costs being spread out. ", "Unlike Amazon, which had significant fixed costs, Horan said that 85 percent of Uber’s costs are variable.", "\n\nAdvertisement\n\n“Uber cannot expand into new markets at very low cost since it faces unique driver recruitment, political lobbying and competitive marketing challenges in each city,” Horan said.", "\n\n“They don’t have an economy of scale,” he said. “", "So, every day, venture capitalists fund loss-making companies, but not one [with] a model you can’t see how it’s going to flip twice as many rides that you keep losing money on. ", "You’re not going to start making twice as much money because you’re doing twice as much rides. ", "It’s not like a factory [with fixed costs].”", "\n\nAdvertisement\n\nMaybe Kalanick knows something we all don’t. ", "Maybe Uber has a secret team of genius scientists who’ll surpass all expectations of driverless cars and, somehow, have a fully-automated fleet of vehicles for the company to use everywhere within a few years. ", "Maybe billionaire investors are actually fine with propping up a money-losing venture in perpetuity.", "\n\nBut until Uber can prove it has found a sustainable model—or, perhaps, stop the investor leaks of its financials—there’s little to suggest it has the bandwidth to survive. ", "Whether it’s sold, drastically shrinks its market footprint, or just outright shutters, it’s untenable for Uber to exist long term as the tech juggernaut it is today.", "\n\nKalanick has pushed an enterprise on little more than a grandiose bet: that Uber could exist on a playing field of its own with few regulations, carving a path to financial salvation by dominating the taxi market simply through the sheer force of investors with bottomless pockets. ", "It isn’t working." ]

{ "pile_set_name": "Pile-CC" }

[ 0.010526315789473684, 0, 0, 0, 0.006153846153846154, 0.009433962264150943, 0, 0, 0, 0.0033444816053511705, 0.010869565217391304, 0.01276595744680851, 0, 0.014925373134328358, 0.02, 0.01639344262295082, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0.009615384615384616, 0.010050251256281407, 0, 0, 0, 0.005050505050505051, 0, 0, 0.008695652173913044, 0, 0, 0.0017699115044247787, 0.009433962264150943, 0.01675977653631285, 0, 0, 0.010752688172043012, 0, 0, 0.01639344262295082, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0.0024937655860349127, 0.017241379310344827, 0, 0, 0.01639344262295082, 0, 0.007575757575757576, 0.003289473684210526, 0, 0.005494505494505495, 0, 0, 0, 0.00980392156862745, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0.004739336492890996, 0, 0.018404907975460124, 0, 0.017241379310344827, 0, 0, 0, 0.005319148936170213, 0.005714285714285714, 0, 0, 0.006024096385542169, 0.01282051282051282, 0, 0.008, 0.0024096385542168677, 0, 0.01818181818181818, 0, 0.007246376811594203, 0.018867924528301886, 0, 0.0047169811320754715, 0.01818181818181818, 0.006514657980456026, 0, 0, 0, 0.024691358024691357, 0, 0, 0.005555555555555556, 0.005988023952095809, 0.006993006993006993, 0.006802721088435374, 0.003875968992248062, 0, 0, 0.017241379310344827, 0.006191950464396285, 0.014492753623188406, 0, 0.009615384615384616, 0.011627906976744186, 0, 0, 0.02564102564102564, 0.007462686567164179, 0.02197802197802198, 0, 0.01680672268907563, 0.004484304932735426, 0.011560693641618497, 0, 0.003676470588235294, 0, 0, 0.008928571428571428, 0.014492753623188406, 0.01327433628318584, 0.009174311926605505, 0.02830188679245283, 0.005128205128205128, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0.007042253521126761, 0 ]

[ "Alterations in superoxide dismutase activities, lipid peroxidation and glutathione levels in thinner inhaled rat lungs: relationship between histopathological properties.", "\nPaint thinner has widespread use in industry. ", "The use of thinner among children as a narcotic agent has become a social and health problem. ", "There is some evidence that organic solvents may express their toxicity by the way of reactive oxygen species (ROS) induced cell damage. ", "ROS has been shown to induce lipid peroxidation in biological membranes. ", "This study examined peroxidative and histopathological changes in the rat lung, during 5 weeks of thinner inhalation. ", "Significant increases were found in lipid peroxidation (MDA+4-DHA) levels related to the duration of inhalation. ", "As opposed to increases in the lipid peroxidation levels, significant decreases in superoxide dismutase activities and glutathione levels were observed from the third inhalation week to the end of the fifth week. ", "At the beginning of the inhalation slight inflammatory changes, intraalveolar and interstitial extravasation and oedema in lung parenchyma were noted. ", "As the inhalation period extended, chronic inflammatory changes, alveolar epithelial proliferation, collapse, emphysematous changes and interstitial fibrosis in lung were detected." ]

{ "pile_set_name": "PubMed Abstracts" }

[ 0, 0, 0, 0.0072992700729927005, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0 ]

[ "As the season has unfolded before our eyes, Southwestern has seen\nmany things happen that it had control over (two overtime wins)\nand many things it did not. ", "As the season stands, there are still\na few games left that will serve as measuring sticks to the\nprogress the team has made all year long.", "\n\nSouthwestern was eagerly looking forward to playing UH, a first\nyear team in the LSA as all year they have been very impressive in\nthe Eastern Conference and against Div. ", "A teams. ", "SU was hoping\nthe first seed in the East, and a possible first round opponent if\nSU is able to make the playoffs, would be a close game.", "\n\nUnfortunately the game was not what was expected, for both teams.", "\nSU came out and controlled the game from the beginning, and never\nlet UH get any closer than 7 goals.", "\n\nMuch credit must be given to UH as they travelled to play with\nonly ten guys, and without a few of their key players. ", "Their\ngoalie is one of the best in the league, and possibly one of the\nbest in either conference. ", "His play showed why UH has been able\nto keep opposing teams to under 9 goals all year long.", "\n\nSU had several point blank shots that could have really opened the\nflood gates, that the goalie stopped cold.", "\n\nSU did play well. ", "When a team is that good, even with limited\nnumbers, you can be competitive, as SU has proved in the past.", "\nThe guys took control from the beginning, and were able to run UH\nand no subs into the ground early. ", "Clears again worked well as\ndid face-offs from both Bier and Stein.", "\n\nScoring was well spread out with five players scoring in the\ngame. ", "One thing SU has been able to develop is a team that does\nnot have one dominant player, but many offensive threats.", "\n\nThe win gave SU a solid victory, with the hopes that we can meet\nUH in the playoffs and both teams at full strength to see how it\nmight turn out.", "\n\nJeffocat returned from an injury to solidify the first line for\nthe first time in a couple of games, and Om Panchal stepped up to\nthe second line and played very well the entire game.", "\n\nThe defense again was a strength for SU, and Winters got extended\nplaying time and continued to impress. ", "Ehrlich at goalie played a\nsolid game as UH was relegated to outside shots most of the game.", "\n\nOther players that did well included all attack men, Jay Gupta and\nWilson who received his first significant action at D for the\nseason.", "\n\nSU wishes UH a strong finish in their season and a positive\nexperience in the playoffs, unless they of course, play SU.", "\n\nSU stays at home next weekend to host SHSU. ", "SHSU deserves a lot\nof credit for battling through injuries, small numbers, etc. ", "and\nstill fielding a team. ", "SU will keep a watchful eye on the match-up\nbetween UTA and St. Ed's next weekend as it will clear the playoff\npicture up in the West. ", "Go UTA!" ]

{ "pile_set_name": "Pile-CC" }

[ 0.006329113924050633, 0, 0.011560693641618497, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0.029850746268656716, 0, 0, 0, 0.005405405405405406, 0.018691588785046728, 0, 0.014492753623188406, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0.007407407407407408, 0.14285714285714285 ]

[ "Vitamin D deficiency and its role in neurological conditions: A review.", "\nThis review exposes recent advances on the role of vitamin D, cholecalciferol, a secosteroid, in the central nervous system. ", "In humans, vitamin D arises from cutaneous transformation of 7-dehydrocholesterol under the effect of UVB exposure or from food intake. ", "Vitamin D has an immunomodulatory role through its anti-inflammatory and anti-autoimmune actions. ", "In the nervous system, vitamin D is involved in the regulation of calcium-mediated neuronal excitotoxicity, in the reduction of oxidative stress, and in the induction of synaptic structural proteins, neurotrophic factors and deficient neurotransmitters. ", "Reduced exposure to sunlight and low food intake can lead to vitamin D deficiency. ", "Increasing evidence highlights the impact of vitamin D deficiency as a favoring factor in various central or peripheral neurological diseases, especially multiple sclerosis and several neurodegenerative diseases, such as amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, Parkinson's disease and Alzheimer's disease. ", "Recently, several clinical trials on vitamin D supplementation stressed the role of vitamin D as a protective and/or prognostic factor in the onset and progress of such neurological conditions." ]

{ "pile_set_name": "PubMed Abstracts" }

[ 0.014084507042253521, 0, 0, 0.01020408163265306, 0.003937007874015748, 0, 0, 0 ]

[ "\n202 Pa. Superior Ct. ", "460 (1964)\nSchoen\nv.\nYoushock, Appellant.", "\nSuperior Court of Pennsylvania.", "\nArgued March 2, 1964.", "\nMarch 17, 1964.", "\n*461 Before RHODES, P.J., ERVIN, WRIGHT, WOODSIDE, WATKINS, MONTGOMERY, and FLOOD, JJ.", "\nHarry P. O'Neill, Jr., with him Frank M. Walsh and Daniel H. Jenkins, for appellant.", "\nWilliam J. Oliver, with him Oliver, Price and Rhodes, for appellee.", "\nOPINION BY ERVIN, J., March 17, 1964:\nIn this action of trespass tried before President Judge HOBAN, without a jury, an award of damages *462 for personal injuries in the sum of $6,000.70 was made in favor of the plaintiff.", "\nPlaintiff-appellee, Norma Schoen, a woman 75 years of age, slipped and fell on the icy sidewalk in front of the property of Florence Youshock, defendant-appellant, on December 18, 1961. ", "When Mrs. Schoen awakened that morning she noticed that the streets outside of her home were very icy and that this condition had come about since the previous day. ", "She had an appointment at appellant's beauty salon and she called the appellant at nine o'clock in the morning and related her conversation as follows: \"A. Yes. ", "I called Florence on the phone at 9 o'clock in the morning. ", "Q. And did you talk to Florence? ", "A. I talked with Helen first and then later with Florence. ", "Q. And would you tell us what your conversation was with Florence on that phone conversation, Mrs. Schoen? ", "A. With Florence? ", "Well, I had told Helen that I would not be able to come down because of the dangerous walking, it was so icy, and I asked her if I could have an appointment later, later in the week. ", "Then Florence came to the phone and told me that she wouldn't be able to give me the appointment. ", "So I — let's see — well, she wouldn't be able to give me the appointment. ", "So I asked her then if she could take me when I came down, and she said she would; even if I were a little late, she would fill me in, that is, work me in. ", "But she said that she didn't think that — she said, `I don't think that you need to worry, Mrs. Schoen, at all about the walking. ", "Helen came and she was all right.' ", "And so I said then that I would come.\"", "\nShortly thereafter Mrs. Schoen left her home and just missed a bus. ", "She then hesitated to continue on because she realized that it was a bad day for walking and then decided to walk on to the beauty salon, which was approximately four and one-half blocks from her home. ", "It is undisputed that the condition of the general *463 area at that time was that of a glaze of ice and Dr. Lohmann, a witness for Mrs. Schoen, testified that there was a freezing rain that morning which was continuing when he came to treat Mrs. Schoen immediately after the happening of the accident. ", "The doctor further testified that \"it was hazardous for anybody that morning.\"", "\nThere was no proof of any ridges, elevations or ruts on the defendant's sidewalk and the owner could not have had a reasonable opportunity to remove the sheet or glaze of ice because of the existence of the storm at the time of the happening of the accident. ", "There is no liability created by a general slippery condition on sidewalks: Whitton v. H.A. Gable Co., 331 Pa. 429, 431, 200 A. 644; Rinaldi v. Levine, 406 Pa. 74, 78, 176 A.2d 623. ", "The court below, however, concluded that there was liability in this case because of § 310, Restatement, Torts, which is as follows: \"An actor who makes a misrepresentation of fact or law is subject to liability to another for bodily harm which results from an act done by the other or a third person in reliance upon the truth of the representation, if the actor (a) intends his statement to induce or should realize that it is likely to induce action by the other or a third person which involves an unreasonable risk of bodily harm to the other, and (b) knows (i) that the statement is false, or (ii) that he has not the knowledge which he professes.\"", "\nWe are of the opinion that § 310 is not applicable to this case because there was no misrepresentation of fact or law made by the defendant to the plaintiff. ", "The only statement of fact made was that \"Helen came and she was all right.\" ", "This was a fact which the plaintiff failed to disprove. ", "At most the defendant was merely expressing an opinion that she didn't think Mrs. Schoen had to worry about the walking. ", "There is no proof in this case of any negligence on the part of the *464 defendant. ", "On the contrary, it is crystal clear that the plaintiff was testing a known danger and that she was contributorily negligent. ", "She knew about the general icy condition before venturing out of her house. ", "She first decided, because of this condition, to cancel her appointment at the beauty salon. ", "After having cancelled that engagement, she then decided to try to get a time later on in the day. ", "She then asked the defendant whether she could be taken later on that day and when advised that she could be, she determined to make the trip. ", "After missing the bus, she had another decision to make. ", "Should she go back into her house or should she continue on the journey of four or five blocks to the beauty salon. ", "At this time she was fully aware of the general icy condition. ", "She determined to go on. ", "It was necessary for her to travel in the street for quite a bit of the distance in order to avoid the icy sidewalks and travel where there was a rougher surface. ", "When she got to the edge of the defendant's sidewalk, she noticed the general icy condition thereon. ", "She again determined to test the danger of traveling across that sidewalk. ", "In so doing, she slipped and fell and received the injuries complained of in this case. ", "If there ever was a case in which a person was testing a known danger, this is it. ", "To allow recovery in this case would be permitting the law of negligence to reach an absurdity.", "\nJudgment reversed.", "\n" ]

{ "pile_set_name": "FreeLaw" }

[ 0.045454545454545456, 0.04878048780487805, 0, 0, 0, 0.06896551724137931, 0.047058823529411764, 0.04411764705882353, 0.004464285714285714, 0.0106951871657754, 0.006060606060606061, 0, 0, 0.030303030303030304, 0.03389830508474576, 0.018691588785046728, 0.05555555555555555, 0.00546448087431694, 0, 0, 0, 0.007692307692307693, 0, 0, 0.014492753623188406, 0, 0.009900990099009901, 0, 0, 0.01098901098901099, 0.0015290519877675841, 0, 0, 0, 0.008264462809917356, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0 ]

[ "Mike Lux\n\nMike Lux (born May 13, 1960, Lincoln, Nebraska) is the co-founder and president of Progressive Strategies, L.L.C., a political consulting firm founded in 1999, focused on strategic political consulting for non-profits, labor unions, PACs and progressive donors.", "\n\nPreviously, he was Senior Vice President for Political Action at People For the American Way (PFAW), and the PFAW Foundation, and served in the Clinton White House from January 1993 to mid-1995 as a Special Assistant to the President for Public Liaison. ", "He also played a role in five different presidential campaign teams. ", "In recent years, he co-founded the progressive blog OpenLeft.com and was named to the transition team for Barack Obama.", "\n\nLux serves on the boards of several progressive organizations, including the Arca Foundation. ", "In addition to serving on the board, he was a co-founder of Americans United for Change, Center for Progressive Leadership, Grassroots Democrats, PoliticsTV, Progressive Majority, and Women's Voices Women Vote. ", "He also played a role in helping launch the Center for American Progress and Air America.", "\n\nEarly years\nLux was born and raised in Lincoln, Nebraska. ", "He graduated from Lincoln Northeast High School and attended Oberlin College. ", "Early in his career, he worked with the VISTA program with Southeast Nebraska Small Farms Action Group. ", "He then went on to become the Executive Director of the Iowa Citizen Action Network. ", "During the 1988 election cycle he served on the senior staff for the presidential campaigns of Joe Biden, and later, Paul Simon. ", "He then co-founded The Strategy Group with David Wilhelm and was PAC director and chief lobbyist for the Iowa AFL-CIO.", "\n\nCareer\n\nWork for Bill Clinton\nIn 1992, Lux took a leave of absence from the AFL-CIO when hired to serve as National Constituencies Director on the 1992 Clinton/Gore campaign. ", " After Clinton won the election, Lux served on the 1992 presidential transition team.", "\n\nClinton appointed Lux as Special Assistant to the President for Public Liaison. ", "In this role, Lux was responsible for outreach to constituencies around the major 1993-94 health care reform battle. ", "He organized several events such as the first national clergy breakfast, the first state opinion leader's days, and the first bill signing ceremony of the Clinton presidency. ", "He served in the 1993 budget war room and the 1994 health care war room, and was the White House staffer who organized the coalition to fight school lunch cuts.", "\n\nOrganizations founded\nIn 1999, Lux co-founded Progressive Strategies L.L.C., a political consulting firm located in Washington, D.C.\n\nIn 2000, Lux founded American Family Voices, an organization that encourages grassroots involvement on middle-class issues. ", "AFV and Lux have received media attention due to their ad campaigns. ", "American news magazine National Review wrote that \"American Family Voices has a talented leader, rich supporters, and some important friends in the press. ", "That's more than enough to keep making trouble for George W. Bush.\"", "\n\nIn July 2007, Lux co-founded OpenLeft.com with bloggers Matt Stoller and Chris Bowers. ", "OpenLeft is a news, analysis and action website dedicated toward building a progressive governing majority in America. ", "It was also founded with the intent to bridge conversational gaps between party insiders and grassroots activists. ", "The Nation wrote that the site allows for \"substantive debate that would otherwise not occur.'", "\n\nCampaign for Community Change\nIn August 2008, the Campaign for Community Change announced it was receiving a grant from Atlantic Philanthropies to hire Lux as a senior fellow.", "\n\n2008 Obama transition team\nIn November 2008, Lux was named to the Obama/Biden Transition team. ", "In that role, he served as an adviser to the Public Liaison on relationships with the progressive community and gave strategic advice on structuring the Office of Public Liaison based on his past experience working on the Clinton/Gore Transition, as well as in the White House.", "\n\nThe Progressive Revolution\nIn January 2009, Lux released his first book, The Progressive Revolution: How the Best in America Came to Be, in which he deals with the history of major conflicts between progressives and conservatives in addition to disputing long-time conservative myths about progressive leaders and accomplishments.", "\n\nReferences\n\nCategory:1960 births\nCategory:Living people\nCategory:American activists\nCategory:American political consultants\nCategory:People from Lincoln, Nebraska\nCategory:Clinton administration personnel\nCategory:Lincoln Northeast High School alumni" ]

{ "pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)" }

[ 0.02214022140221402, 0.015625, 0, 0.01680672268907563, 0.010416666666666666, 0.014218009478672985, 0.011235955056179775, 0, 0.02564102564102564, 0.009615384615384616, 0.011764705882352941, 0.015503875968992248, 0.025423728813559324, 0.03389830508474576, 0.023529411764705882, 0.024390243902439025, 0.008547008547008548, 0.005714285714285714, 0.00625, 0.011538461538461539, 0.028985507246376812, 0.0064516129032258064, 0.014925373134328358, 0.0449438202247191, 0, 0, 0, 0.01694915254237288, 0.020618556701030927, 0.01444043321299639, 0.0030120481927710845, 0.011904761904761904 ]

[ "Use of enzymatically isolated chondrocytes for short term metabolic studies.", "\nChondrocytes isolated from calf articular cartilage by pretreatment with various enzymes prior to collagenase digestion were examined to determine the effect of enzymatic exposure on cell viability and to establish optimal conditions whereby freshly isolated cells could be used for short term metabolic studies. ", "Pre-collagenase exposure to proteolytic enzymes for short intervals has no effect on cell viability. ", "Trypsin pre-treatment appeared to increase the efficiency of cell isolation. ", "Proteoglycan and RNA synthetic activity was influenced by the conditions of incubation (i.e., cell suspension vs. cell pellet: with or without a 24 hour \"rest\" period; and differential pre-collagenase enzyme exposure). ", "The data suggest that the experimental conditions of incubation and the enzymes used in isolation of the cells, materially alter the freshly isolated chondrocyte's \"pattern\" of metabolic activity in short term culture studies." ]

{ "pile_set_name": "PubMed Abstracts" }

[ 0, 0, 0, 0, 0.0045662100456621, 0 ]

[ "A 16-year-old runner in a Bird Ridge mountain race was killed by a black bear he apparently encountered while descending the trail Sunday, Alaska State Troopers and the race director said.", "\n\nThe victim was identified by troopers as Patrick Cooper of Anchorage.", "\n\nA Chugach State Park ranger shot the bear in the face, but it ran away. ", "Rangers and the Alaska Department of Fish and Game were still looking for the animal Sunday night on the slope overlooking Turnagain Arm southeast of Anchorage.", "\n\nCooper was a participant in the juniors division of the Robert Spurr Memorial Hill Climb, said race director Brad Precosky. ", "The close-knit Alaska mountain running community is in shock at the fatal mauling, he said.", "\n\n\"This is the worst thing that could happen,\" he said.", "\n\nThe popular mountain race is in its 29th year. ", "The steep course takes adult runners up Bird Ridge, a familiar mountain that looms over the Seward Highway at about Mile 100.", "\n\nRacers descend at their leisure. ", "Juniors race to the halfway point, about 1.5 miles from the start, before heading down.", "\n\nThe runner had apparently made it to the halfway point turnaround and was on his way down when he used his phone to text a family member at 12:37 p.m. that he was being chased by a bear, Precosky said. ", "The family member approached Precosky, who was then in the middle of handing out awards.", "\n\n\"I went off and talked to him about it, trying to get a straight story,\" Precosky said. \"", "He was very shaken and had received this communication.\"", "\n\nA search was launched immediately, Precosky said. ", "The family member had GPS coordinates from the missing runner's phone that helped guide searchers to the area where his phone was. ", "But the searchers, including runners that were part of the race, couldn't get closer.", "\n\n\"The bear was remaining in the area where the young man was laying,\" said Tom Crockett, a park ranger with Chugach State Park.", "\n\nCooper was found about a mile from the trailhead about 500 yards off the trail in steep, heavily wooded terrain at about a 30-degree slope, Crockett said. ", "It was not clear how the runner got off the trail, or if he had been chased by the bear to the spot.", "\n\nA park ranger shot the bear in the face, Crockett said.", "\n\n\"It did definitely take a slug strike to the face when the ranger fired on it,\" Crockett said. \"", "We know he struck it.\"", "\n\nThe black bear, estimated to be about 250 pounds, was alone, Crockett said. ", "Rangers don't know why it attacked the runner. ", "They are trying to locate and kill the wounded animal.", "\n\nCrockett said bear encounters are not common on Bird Ridge. ", "He hadn't heard any reports of bear sightings in the area during the previous week.", "\n\nPararescuers with the Alaska Air National Guard used a helicopter hoist to take Cooper's body away from the scene, said Sgt. ", "Nathan Mitchell with the Anchorage Police Department.", "\n\n\"This young man didn't do anything wrong. ", "He was just in the wrong place,\" Crockett said. \"", "You can't predict which bear is going to be predatory.\"", "\n\nThe Bird Ridge trailhead and parking lot will be closed until the bear is located, Crockett said." ]

{ "pile_set_name": "OpenWebText2" }

[ 0.005319148936170213, 0.014084507042253521, 0, 0.00625, 0.015873015873015872, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0.004901960784313725, 0.011363636363636364, 0.01098901098901099, 0, 0.019230769230769232, 0.007633587786259542, 0, 0.0078125, 0.012738853503184714, 0, 0.017543859649122806, 0.01020408163265306, 0, 0.01282051282051282, 0, 0, 0.016129032258064516, 0, 0.015748031496062992, 0.03773584905660377, 0, 0.02040816326530612, 0, 0.010101010101010102 ]

[ "Stone benchs Youth Park Carmiel\nThe stone benchs are part of the Youth Park in Carmiel, situated on the slopes of the Wadi and descending from the Byzantine knoll above the city towards the fact that water sources also served as gathering and meeting venues." ]

{ "pile_set_name": "Pile-CC" }

[ 0.003875968992248062 ]

[ "Periodontal diseases are a group of infections that affect the structures surrounding teeth, mainly including gingivitis and periodontitis. ", "The most common form of periodontal diseases is gingivitis, which is highly prevalent and can affect up to 90% of the worldwide population. ", "Both clinical and basic studies have shown that the oral spirochete Treponema denticola (Td) is strongly associated with human periodontal and endodontic diseases, such as acute necrotizing ulcerative gingivitis, early-onset and chronic periodontitis, orofacial abscesses, and periapical radiolucencies. ", "Previous studies have shown that Td is able to induce the actin rearrangement and detachment of human epithelial cells and gingival fibroblasts. ", "However, the corresponding virulent factor(s) has not yet been identified. ", "Zonula occludens toxin (Zot) was originally identified in Vibrio cholerae. ", "This toxin is able to increase the permeability of the small intestine by affecting the structure of the intercellular tight junctions. ", "In preliminary studies, a putative Zot-like toxin (TDE0298) was found in the genome of Td; and further studies have shown that this putative toxin is able to induce the cytoskeletal rearrangement of human gingival fibroblasts. ", "Based on these data, we hypothesize that TDE0298 is a Zot-like toxin that may contribute to the tissue invasiveness and virulence of Td by modulating cytoskeletal components in human gingival cells. ", "To test this hypothesis, the proposed studies will focus on the following specific aims: Aim 1#: To determine if TDE0298 possesses toxic characteristics similar to V. cholerae Zot; Aim 2#: To investigate the molecular mechanism of the actin reorganization induced by TDE0298; Aim 3#: To determine the role of TDE0298 in the virulence of Td in vitro and in vivo. ", "Zot-like toxin has not been reported in any oral pathogens. ", "The proposed studies will help us to understand the cytotoxicity of this toxin and the potential molecular mechanism involved in its action, as well as its role in the pathogenesis of Td. ", "The achievement of the proposed goals may eventually lead to new means of prevention and treatment for periodontal infections. [", "unreadable] [unreadable] PUBLIC HEALTH RELEVANCE: Periodontal diseases can affect up to 90% of the worldwide population, which are primarily caused by polymicrobial infections. ", "Oral spirochete Treponema denticola is strongly associated with human periodontal and endodontic diseases. ", "The goal of this proposal is to investigate the role of a putative Zot-like toxin in the pathogenesis of T. denticola. [", "unreadable] [unreadable] [unreadable]" ]

{ "pile_set_name": "NIH ExPorter" }

[ 0, 0, 0.003289473684210526, 0, 0, 0.04, 0, 0.004405286343612335, 0.005025125628140704, 0.011049723756906077, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0.009345794392523364, 0, 0 ]

[ "Valve's Customer Service is Best in Class The esteemed employees of Half-Life developer Valve are well known for soliciting email directly from gamers; more to the point, they are known for...\n\nThe esteemed employees of Half-Life developer Valve are well known for soliciting email directly from gamers; more to the point, they are known for responding. ", "Shackers often send inquiries to Valve developers, and they get real results--even when the questions are somewhat unorthodox in nature.", "\n\nHere are a few actual questions and responses Shackers have sent to and received from Valve.", "\n\nFlush with enthusiasm after completing Half-Life 2: Episode Two, Shacker filthysock sent this email off to the Valve crew to share some of his thoughts:\n\n1. ", "The grenade puzzle: I did it with a blast from the gravity gun! ", "Looked down and primary fire and the floor bounced me up. ", "Would love to see more gravity gun bounce puzzles 2. ", "The little forest bit was BRILLIANT, it had the perfect feel as you walk in and it got darker and quieter but looking up the HDR made the leaves against the sky look great. ", "It would be fantastic to have an extended time in a forest, i think even combat would work in there.", "\n\nThe response from Valve's Chet Faliszek demonstrated the company's hard-line attitudes:\n\nThanks for the email. ", "We do not allow cheaters. ", "We are matching you against our steam subscriber list and you will be banned for cheating in the grenade puzzle. ", "Thank you\n\nJustice is served!", "\n\nDay after day, Shacker Robotic Puppy Eater saw the same enigmatic image (pictured left) on the Team Fortress 2 map Gravel Pit. ", "Baffled by its existence, consistent placement (\"I see it ALL THE TIME,\" he posted, \"in the exact same spot.\"), ", "and artistic inconsistency with the rest of TF2's decor, he sent this email to the folks at Valve:\n\nI keep seeing this picture above one of the spawn area exits in gravelpit. ", "Can you tell me what it is? ", "Thanks. ", "Justin\n\nThe astute response from ever-vigilant Valve:\n\nHi Justin, It appears to be a duck. ", "Matt\n\nCase closed!", "\n\n(As was later determined, the image is the personal spray of fellow Shacker pyide.)", "\n\nShacker and dedicated Team Fortress 2 player Rosewood is known for staying connected to servers reserved for Shacknews readers even after he is no longer playing, occupying a valuable player slot. ", "Shacker deveus1 was sick of it, and composed the following email:\n\nHi Gabe, Rosewood went AFK again on the shack's TF2 server. ", "He's been like for the last 6 hours and he just won't leave :( Is there anything you can do? ", "He's a nice guy and all, but we've gotta make room for some people. ", "Thanks in advance.", "\n\nValve designer Robin Walker made it clear that this kind of behavior is not tolerated:\n\nAfter some discussion about possible solutions to this problem, we decided that the easiest one was to just permaban Rosewood's steam account. ", "Glad to hear you're enjoying TF2. ", "-Robin.", "\n\nBut Valve didn't stop there. ", "Valve's Erik Johnson decided it wasn't enough just to stop this egregious TF2 idler from playing games--he must be punished internet-wide. ", "The following email was sent to Shacknews founder Steve Gibson and cc'ed to deveus1:\n\nSteve - Can you ban his Shack account too please? ", "Thanks\n\nProblem solved!", "\n\nShacker Lionhart32935 had a minor gripe with one of Half-Life 2: Episode Two's commentary recordings:\n\nHi Gabe! ", "One [of] the commentators in episode 2 sounded really bored. ", "I believe his name was Stevie or Steven, can't quite recall. ", "Tell him to sound more excited. ", "He makes games, he should be off the wall to talk about what he worked on. ", "He sounded like Ben Stein was having more fun than he was.", "\n\nValve's Chet Faliszek wasted no time in righting the wrong, going straight to the source:\n\nThanks for your email. ", "Based solely on your feedback we have decided to fire the offending party, Steve Kalning. ", "Instead of sending him to HR and wasting their time, I have cc'd him on this email and this will act as his official notice. ", "Clean out your desk Steve. ", "Thanks Lionhart for helping us make Valve a better place.", "\n\nIt wasn't long before a second email response followed:\n\nPat, after careful study, I realize steve bond could have also been the culprit. ", "So since we can't really be sure, and really no sense wasting any more time on this. ", "Mr Bond? ", "Please clean out your desk as well.", "\n\nConcerned that his complaint had already resulted in the loss of two jobs, Lionhart32935 replied:\n\nHow about just giving him a hug instead? ", "I heard that cheers up many people. ", "Buy him a drink, even better! ", "It will make the work environment more exciting for him if he gets unexpected surprises from fellow coworkers.", "\n\nFaliszek was having none of it:\n\nThat is the kind of weak thinking we don't need aroud here Lionhart. ", "Hugs never got a 96 on the metacritic score.", "\n\nStandards upheld!" ]

{ "pile_set_name": "OpenWebText2" }

[ 0, 0, 0, 0.006289308176100629, 0, 0, 0, 0.005780346820809248, 0, 0.008849557522123894, 0, 0, 0, 0.015503875968992248, 0.008928571428571428, 0.005714285714285714, 0, 0, 0.02197802197802198, 0.05555555555555555, 0, 0.01507537688442211, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0.008583690987124463, 0, 0, 0, 0.007194244604316547, 0.022058823529411766, 0, 0, 0, 0.01639344262295082, 0, 0, 0.017241379310344827, 0.008620689655172414, 0.011111111111111112, 0, 0.037037037037037035, 0, 0.014285714285714285, 0, 0, 0, 0.007042253521126761, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0 ]

[ "Future Past\n\nSUMMARY: Bojana Bajzelj of Cambridge finds raising food for 9 billion will take all our carbon emissions. ", "Benjamin Blonder tells us how the current plant world was shaped by the last big meteorite hit. ", "Eelco Rohling: sea level rose 5 meters (16 ft) in the last big warming melt. ", "Radio Ecoshock 141015\n\nWelcome to Radio Ecoshock. ", "I’m Alex Smith with a show crammed with science that matters. ", "Three new papers on climate change: rising emissions from our food system, seas rising 5 meters, over 16 feet in a single century, and the big bang of a meteor strike.", "\n\nLet’s go.", "\n\nListen to or download this Radio Ecoshock show in CD Quality (56 MB) or Lo-Fi (14 MB)\n\nOr listen right now on Soundcloud.", "\n\nSOON FOOD PRODUCTION TAKES UP ALL OUR GREENHOUSE GAS EMISSIONS\n\nSeveral scientist guests on Radio Ecoshock warn we will never be free of carbon emissions because our food system creates greenhouse gases. ", "It comes from clearing forests for fields, from stirring up the soil, from petrochemical-based fertilizers, from cows and other animals (as methane), and then whatever we use to transport the food to your home.", "\n\nHow bad are those food-based emissions? ", "Figures vary from 20% of our total emissions, all the way up to 50%. ", "They are large enough, and growing so much, that in a few decades all the carbon we can possibly afford to release will come from our food system. ", "That means all industry, transportation, and products must be carbon free – or we live in a dwindling damaged climate.", "\n\nThat’s in the journal Nature Climate Change, a closed journal, but you can get the abstract and some of the charts in this article.", "\n\nThe more scientists look, the impacts of overpopulation are impossible. ", "A new study from the University of Washington projects world population by the year 2100 will be 12 billion people, 3 billion higher than figures accepted by the United Nations.", "\n\nEven if it’s 9 billion people, a study out of Cambridge University calculates the greenhouse gases just to feed that population will swallow the entire budget for greenhouse gases. ", "Even at our current 7 billion plus people, we are cutting into rich biological forests like the Amazon and Congolese rainforests, to grow more food, especially for meat production.", "\n\nThe Cambridge study predicts the world will lose yet another 10 percent of existing forests in the scramble to feed ourselves. ", "Are you worried about losing half our wildlife in the last 40 years? ", "Bojana tells us that agricultural deforestation is the Number One cause of loss of biodiversity.", "\n\nThese scientists tell us that by 2050, emissions from the food system will be 80% higher than they were in 2009 (when they were already at a record high amount).", "\n\nI asked Bojana if their study also included a scenario where the world population went DOWN. ", "That seems like a fair question in these days of Ebola. ", "They did not consider this. ", "She recommends the work of Dr. Hans Rosling on population predictions. ", "Rosling offers many statistics on why we shouldn’t panic on population. ", "I disagree, but you can see his video “Don’t Panic, the Truth About Population” here.", "\n\nWhen we burn or cut forests, we lose carbon to the atmosphere twice. ", "The trees themselves are made of carbon. ", "That is released to the air. ", "But forests also buffer some of our carbon pollution, and we lose that too.", "\n\nIf the population does increase to 9 billion, we have to clear more land for agriculture. ", "That deforestation creates more global warming. ", "Climate change causes more damage to agriculture than benefits. ", "So climate change means we would need to clear even more land for farming, especially given the current global trend toward inefficient meat consumption. ", "We clear more land, raise more methane producing livestock, get more warming, get more climate damage, clear more land…. ", "and that’s the loop. ", "The author of the study doesn’t think it classifies as a major positive feedback loop, but it is definitely another one.", "\n\nThe really stunning thing is the need to do these two studies. ", "Here we are with a population that keeps booming, and keeps demanding more meat. ", "Both subjects are almost taboo with politicians who hope to get elected. ", "There isn’t a zero-population, veggie-promoting leader anywhere on the planet, that I know of. ", "How the heck can we get a few billion people to take off the blinders, and see where this train is headed?", "\n\nTRIMMING FARM EMISSIONS\n\nYes, this problem includes you, assuming you eat food, and don’t grow it all yourself. ", "So what can be done?", "\n\nFirst of all, about half of all food grown in the world is simply wasted. ", "Even in a hungry country like India, over half the crops grown are lost to pests, lack of refrigeration, poor transport, and uneven distribution. ", "Here in the developed world, we also waste about half the food grown, but in a different place in the food chain: restaurants, grocery stores, and homes toss out mountains of\nfood. ", "We could greatly reduce the greenhouse gas emissions from agriculture by cutting out that waste.", "\n\nThe second big move is too obvious. ", "We need to greatly reduce meat consumption in the developed world, and head off that ominous trend in the developing world. ", "China has moved big-time “up” the food chain, eating billions of tons more chicken and pork. ", "At least those animals produce less methane than cows do. ", "Cows are the number one biggest emitters – personally as they give off methane, but also in the huge amounts of food required to produce a single pound of beef.", "\n\nThe relationship of vegetables to meat is something like 10 to 90. ", "Growing vegetables producesabout 10 percent of the greenhouse gases versus 90% for the same amount of food power from meat. ", "See my interview with Kip Anderson “Cowspiracy”.", "\n\nPersonally, after talking with many scientists, I think any carbon budget for 2050 is not workable. ", "By then, we must find a way to reverse our civilization, so that we are drawing carbon back out of the air, rather than adding any at all. ", "Assuming we are going to continue eating, this study emphasizes the huge amount of carbon draw-down we’ll require just to break even, just to take out as much carbon as agriculture requires.", "\n\nWHEN OUTER SPACE HITS BACK: THE GREAT METEOR STRIKE\n\nHumans seem set to trigger a climate change at amazing speed. ", "We could experience a greenhouse world from just 150 years of fossil-fuelled civilization. ", "It’s likely one of the most rapid world-scale changes in nature in this planet’s 4 billion year history.", "\n\nWe’re going to journey back millions of years, to explore the fastest mass extinction event we know much about. ", "Maybe we’ll learn something about our future. ", "Our tour-guide is Dr. Benjamin Blonder, from the Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, at the University of Arizona.", "\n\nBlonder is the lead author of “Plant Ecological Strategies Shift Across the Cretaceous–Paleogene Boundary” It is published in the journal PLOS Biology, which is open to the public. ", "Anyone can read the full paper here.", "\n\nTHE BIG BANG THAT …\n\nSeventy million years ago, Earth’s climate was in flux, changing from ice-house worlds to greenhouse times. ", "Then 66 million years ago, a chunk of rock 10 kilometers across hit the Earth. ", "We think it landed on the Yucatan Peninsula of Mexico, creating a crater in the Gulf of Mexico. ", "A kind of matter called “Iridium” spread all over the world. ", "Iridium comes from outer space, so we know approximately when this disaster happened.", "\n\nImmediately there was a giant tsunami, but also a great cloud of smoke and particles that went round the world. ", "We don’t know how long it was dark, but possibly for years. ", "About half of all plant life on the planet died off. ", "So did many animals, including most of the dinosaurs (except those which could fly, becoming our modern birds).", "\n\nThe event has been compared to a nuclear winter, but much bigger. ", "It’s thought the meteorite exploded with the force of 100 teratons of TNT. ", "That’s such a big number. ", "I did a little math. ", "The largest nuclear weapon ever tested, the 1960’s Soviet “Tsar Bomba” – that was 58 megatons of TNT. ", "It looks to me like this 100 teraton meteorite blast was the equivalent of about 2 million of the largest nuclear weapon ever made, all blown off at once. ", "That’s a big bang.", "\n\n… SHAPED OUR WORLD.", "\n\nOne result of that meteor impact, and this was the major point of Blonder’s paper, is the widespread deciduous plants we see today, in the Fall colors of North America, Europe and Russia. ", "Prior to the impact, most of that region was clothed in slower-growing flowering evergreen plants. ", "These survive today in things like ivy and mistletoe.", "\n\nWhen the sky went dark, plants had several possible survival strategies. ", "One was to drop their leaves, and wait for the next patch of sunlight. ", "Evergreens couldn’t do that, and died in great numbers. ", "Plants also migrated, invasive species filled up the ecological holes, and so the Earth saw many of the responses we might see again with a rapid climate shift.", "\n\nIt’s difficult to apply this meteor-strike science directly to modern times, because the research method cannot be more accurate than 10,000 years. ", "That means they just don’t know what happened in 100 years, for example.", "\n\nThe science involves the study of fossil leaves, which can tell us a lot about the ecology and biology of formerly living things. ", "It’s similar to the work explained by Dr. Robert Spicer to Radio Ecoshock listeners in our 2008 interview. ", "Find that here.", "\n\nMy friend and correspondent Dr. Andrew Glikson in Australia made a time map and catalog of all the known meteor stikes during the last billion years or so of Earth’s history. ", "Things arrive from space from time to time. ", "is there anything stopping another big comet or meteor showing up and hitting the Earth again? ", "Not at all, says Blonder. ", "His University of Arizona is a leader in tracking activity from outer space, (the “Space Watch program”) – but surprises are always possible.", "\n\nPersonally, I don’t worry about rocks from space. ", "The most dangerous thing around here is a species that can’t live up to it’s name “homo sapiens”. ", "Dr. Blonder says there is no point in worrying about such a meteor strike, as there is absolutely nothing we can do to prepare for it, or survive it. ", "There may be no big strike in the next 50 million years, or it may come next year. ", "Nobody knows for sure.", "\n\nGIANT SEA LEVEL RISE UP TO 5 METERS (16 FEET)\n\nIn a warming world, we picture sea level rise creeping up slowly, measured in inches or milLimeters. ", "Maybe not. ", "According to new science, at the end of the last five ice ages, the seas rose several meters per century, more than 10 feet. ", "There was such a case about 14,600 years ago.", "\n\nWe should stress that sea level rise comes from land-based ice, and not the more well-known melting of the sea ice cover at the North Pole. ", "Right now, Rohling tells us, land ice is melting rapidly from Greenland, from West Antarctica, and almost anywhere glaciers are found. ", "The recent NASA science showing that Antarctica is also losing ice mass was stunning. ", "I covered that in my Rado Ecoshock show for May 21st, 2014. ", "Listen to, or download that here. ", "The show blog with links is here.", "\n\nThe scientists led by Rohling managed to date several major de-glaciations in the last hundred thousand years, and about 120 lesser melt periods. ", "The largest amount of sea level rise was indeed over 5 meters in a single century (over 16 feet). ", "BUT that record amount happened when Earth was covered by more than twice as much ice as today. ", "North America, for example, was half buried in a glacier more than a mile deep. ", "To look at what could happen today, Rohling says we need to look at the lesser melt events.", "\n\nFor example, there were similar size melts 240,000 years ago, and 330,000 years ago, Rohling tells us. ", "These resulted in about 1.5 meters of sea level rise (almost 5 feet) in a single century. ", "That’s pretty close to what the IPCC is predicting as well.", "\n\nFive feet is catastrophic on it’s own. ", "Just think of the amount of delta farming land lost, the major world cities that would need to relocate, the mega-changes to nature on the coasts. ", "And that doesn’t include the storm surges from climate-driven monster storms. ", "Add another 20 feet or more for those.", "\n\nTwo more things stand our for me in this study.", "\n\n1. ", "We shouldn’t even be talking about what happens in one century. ", "Rising seas will continue for many centuries. ", "In some case the greatest sea level rise happens 400 years after the melting begins.", "\n\n2. ", "Related to that, the past history of de-glaciation shows that once this melting process begins, it is “irreversible” (says Rohling). ", "Past major melts were begun in part by changes in the Earth’s orbit, slowly leading to warming on Earth. ", "The current melt is being cause by human-induced climate change. ", "It doesn’t matter what triggers the melt. ", "Once it’s begun, it will continue to unfold – even if humans managed to cool things down, say with geo-engineering or quitting the carbon habit.", "\n\nWe’re committed to ever-changing coastlines already. ", "We are imposing a constantly rising sea, an ever-changing coast line, on all humans, animals and plants to come, for hundreds or even thousands of years.", "\n\nIt’s hard to picture a civilization where the coast is always changing. ", "I suppose cities now by the sea, and that’s many of the world’s largest metropolises, would have to be abandoned. ", "Living by the sea will become more dangerous, especially during storm surges.", "\n\nI also worry that the current melting may not follow the patterns of the past. ", "We may heat things up so fast, that we get the 5 meters of sea level rise anyway, much sooner than anyone expects. ", "Nobody knows for sure where this experiment with the atmosphere is leading.", "\n\nI hate bugging people for money. ", "In my ideal world, science journalists and radio producers would live from some magical grant money. ", "I don’t get any grant money, don’t run advertisements, and won’t take corporate funding.", "\n\nRight now I need your support to pay the bills, and keep on going. ", "I may have to mount an official fund-raising drive. ", "We’ll see. ", "If you can help, please either send a one-time donation, or sign up for the $10 a month membership. ", "Both kinds of donors have kept this radio show going for the past year. ", "Can you help? ", "Visit this page for details.", "\n\nCOMING UP\n\nComing up: we’ll talk about why Progressives (maybe you and I) are part of the problem, rather than the solution. ", "I’ve got a special on new radioactive leaks into the Pacific from Fukushima coming up. ", "You know, the big storms that hit Japan, and nobody mentions the already flooded reactor cores down there somewhere…. ", "Later in the month, Naomi Klein joins us. ", "Stay tuned.", "\n\nThat’s our program for this week. ", "Download all our past programs as free .mp3 files at our web site, ecoshock.org. ", "I’m Alex Smith. ", "Thanks for listening, and please share the news about Radio Ecoshock on social media. ", "Once a week I Tweet out the show announcement. ", "Follow @ecoshock.", "\n\nI'm surprised by the anti-animal-agriculture stance that is still so popular amoung serious people who are concerned about environmental issues, like your first guest on this episode. ", "I do understand the position from a calories in / out viewpoint. ", "If this were the only consideration, then of course let's reduce or eliminate animals from our food system. ", "But what about those ranchers you have interviewed on your show who have greatly increased carbon storage in their soils (from the atmosphere) directly by using animals. ", "Of course growing corn monoculture and feeding it in CAFOs is terrible for emissions (and other environmental and health perspectives) but this does not mean we should eliminate animals. ", "They are a part of all healthy systems. ", "Also, what about those marginal lands not well suited for crops? ", "Bajzelj anticipates adding (petrol-based) fertilizers to coax a crop from. ", "But these lands are often well suited for grazing by ruminants with little energy input by humans. ", "Without animals to build soil fertility, a lot of synthetic chemicals are needed. ", "Bajzelj also said that it is not really possible to de-carbonize our food. ", "Really?! ", "From my understanding, most carbon comes from petroleum use in the form of energy inputs, fertilizer, and transport. ", "Let's start by reducing these dependencies. ", "Of course we can't literally de-carbonize food as it is made of carbon, but we can drastically reduce emissions related to food production. ", "To repeat, animals are a part of every healthy system.", "\n\nSorry my comment may have sounded a bit too harsh. ", "I am not opposed to talking about reducing meat consumption. ", "I just think we need to examine how animals are raised before jumping to the conclusion that raising animals is automatically bad.", "\n\nA very minor point but one that has been bothering annoying me for a little bit. ", "The City of København Denmark in English Copenhagen is pronounced in English as ˌkō-pən-ˈhā-gən. ", "I only say something because I figure you are thinking you are trying to say it correctly. ", "In Danish it is ˌkø.bəmˈhavn/, [kʰøb̥m̩ˈhɑʊ̯ˀn]\n\nThis (food production/population/emissions/positive feedback loop) would be a great topic to raise with Naomi Klein when she's on your program. ", "For all her many virtues, she does tend to gloss over population, preferring to reframe it as solely a consumption issue, and move on." ]

{ "pile_set_name": "Pile-CC" }

[ 0.008403361344537815, 0.010416666666666666, 0.012987012987012988, 0.04, 0.016129032258064516, 0, 0, 0.024390243902439025, 0.0048543689320388345, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0.007518796992481203, 0, 0.011299435028248588, 0.00546448087431694, 0.005555555555555556, 0, 0, 0.010416666666666666, 0, 0.010526315789473684, 0, 0, 0.014084507042253521, 0, 0.011764705882352941, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0.041666666666666664, 0, 0.007194244604316547, 0, 0.008547008547008548, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0.023809523809523808, 0.00546448087431694, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0.013333333333333334, 0, 0, 0.00980392156862745, 0.0064516129032258064, 0, 0, 0.005263157894736842, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0.018691588785046728, 0, 0.005649717514124294, 0, 0, 0.038461538461538464, 0, 0, 0, 0.006666666666666667, 0, 0, 0.006666666666666667, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0.011627906976744186, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0.01098901098901099, 0, 0, 0.01694915254237288, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0.007518796992481203, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0.011494252873563218, 0, 0.023809523809523808, 0, 0, 0.012345679012345678, 0.0625, 0.011627906976744186, 0, 0.058823529411764705, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0.013333333333333334, 0, 0, 0.013333333333333334, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0.0051813471502590676, 0 ]

[ "The C-141 Starlifter which crashed had been flying from McGuire Air Force Base, New Jersey and was en route to RAF Mildenhall in Suffolk when it got caught in a storm.", "\n\nPeter said: “It crashed only a couple of miles from villages but luckily no one else was hurt. ", "The wing and tail snapped off and the plane fell in three different locations, a mile apart in a triangle.", "\n\n“It was like a mangled scrapyard. ", "There was nothing left which was recognisable.”", "\n\nTuesday’s service was marked by a period of silence and prayers, while three personnel of the original Thorney fire crew which was first on the scene 40 years ago also attended.", "\n\nThe service was held where a big memorial stone was erected 20 years ago, with the names of all the people who perished in the crash engraved on it.", "\n\nPeter, who can remember several aircraft crashes in the Peterborough area over the years, added: “The Americans are very appreciative of what we are doing.”" ]

{ "pile_set_name": "Pile-CC" }

[ 0.011976047904191617, 0.010309278350515464, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0.006329113924050633 ]

[ "namespace Microsoft.", "ApplicationInsights.", "Extensibility.", "PerfCounterCollector.", "Implementation.", "XPlatform\n{\n using System;\n using System.", "Collections.", "Generic;\n using System.", "Globalization;\n using System.", "Linq;\n using Microsoft.", "ApplicationInsights.", "Common;\n\n internal class PerformanceCollectorXPlatform : IPerformanceCollector\n {\n private readonly List<Tuple<PerformanceCounterData, ICounterValue>> performanceCounters = new List<Tuple<PerformanceCounterData, ICounterValue>>();\n\n /// <summary>\n /// Gets a collection of registered performance counters.", "\n /// </summary>\n public IEnumerable<PerformanceCounterData> PerformanceCounters\n {\n get { return this.performanceCounters.", "Select(t => t.Item1).ToList(); }\n }\n\n /// <summary>\n /// Performs collection for all registered counters.", "\n /// </summary>\n /// <param name=\"onReadingFailure\">Invoked when an individual counter fails to be read.</param>\n public IEnumerable<Tuple<PerformanceCounterData, double>> Collect(\n Action<string, Exception> onReadingFailure = null)\n {\n return this.performanceCounters.", "Where(pc => !", "pc.", "Item1.IsInBadState).SelectMany(\n counter =>\n {\n double value;\n\n try\n {\n value = CollectCounter(counter.", "Item1.OriginalString, counter.", "Item2);\n }\n catch (InvalidOperationException e)\n {\n onReadingFailure?.Invoke(counter.", "Item1.OriginalString, e);\n\n return ArrayExtensions.", "Empty<Tuple<PerformanceCounterData, double>>();\n }\n\n return new[] { Tuple.", "Create(counter.", "Item1, value) };\n });\n }\n\n /// <summary>\n /// Refreshes counters.", "\n /// </summary>\n public void RefreshCounters()\n {\n var countersToRefresh =\n this.", "PerformanceCounters.", "Where(pc => pc.", "IsInBadState)\n .ToList();\n\n countersToRefresh.", "ForEach(this.", "RefreshPerformanceCounter);\n\n PerformanceCollectorEventSource.", "Log.", "CountersRefreshedEvent(countersToRefresh.", "Count.", "ToString(CultureInfo.", "InvariantCulture));\n }\n\n /// <summary>\n /// Registers a counter using the counter name and reportAs value to the total list of counters.", "\n /// </summary>\n /// <param name=\"perfCounter\">Name of the performance counter.</param>\n /// <param name=\"reportAs\">Report as name for the performance counter.</param>\n /// <param name=\"error\">Captures the error logged.</param>\n /// <param name=\"blockCounterWithInstancePlaceHolder\">Boolean that controls the registry of the counter based on the availability of instance place holder.</param>\n public void RegisterCounter(\n string perfCounter,\n string reportAs,\n out string error,\n bool blockCounterWithInstancePlaceHolder)\n { \n try\n {\n bool useInstancePlaceHolder = false; \n var pc = PerformanceCounterUtility.", "CreateAndValidateCounter(perfCounter, null, null, false, out useInstancePlaceHolder, out error);\n \n if (pc !", "= null)\n {\n this.", "RegisterPerformanceCounter(perfCounter, GetCounterReportAsName(perfCounter, reportAs), pc.", "CategoryName, pc.", "CounterName, pc.", "InstanceName, useInstancePlaceHolder);\n }\n else\n {\n // Even if validation failed, we might still be able to collect perf counter in WebApp.", "\n this.", "RegisterPerformanceCounter(perfCounter, GetCounterReportAsName(perfCounter, reportAs), string.", "Empty, perfCounter, string.", "Empty, useInstancePlaceHolder);\n } \n }\n catch (Exception e)\n {\n PerformanceCollectorEventSource.", "Log.", "WebAppCounterRegistrationFailedEvent(\n e.Message,\n perfCounter);\n error = e.Message;\n }\n }\n\n /// <summary>\n /// Removes a counter.", "\n /// </summary>\n /// <param name=\"perfCounter\">Name of the performance counter to remove.</param>\n /// <param name=\"reportAs\">ReportAs value of the performance counter to remove.</param>\n public void RemoveCounter(string perfCounter, string reportAs)\n {\n Tuple<PerformanceCounterData, ICounterValue> keyToRemove =\n this.performanceCounters.", "FirstOrDefault(\n pair =>\n string.", "Equals(pair.", "Item1.ReportAs, reportAs, StringComparison.", "Ordinal)\n && string.", "Equals(pair.", "Item1.OriginalString, perfCounter, StringComparison.", "OrdinalIgnoreCase));\n\n if (keyToRemove !", "= null)\n {\n this.performanceCounters.", "Remove(keyToRemove);\n }\n }\n\n /// <summary>\n /// Rebinds performance counters to Windows resources.", "\n /// </summary>\n public void RefreshPerformanceCounter(PerformanceCounterData pcd)\n {\n Tuple<PerformanceCounterData, ICounterValue> tupleToRemove = this.performanceCounters.", "FirstOrDefault(t => t.Item1 == pcd);\n if (tupleToRemove !", "= null)\n {\n this.performanceCounters.", "Remove(tupleToRemove);\n }\n\n this.", "RegisterPerformanceCounter(\n pcd.", "OriginalString,\n pcd.", "ReportAs,\n pcd.", "PerformanceCounter.", "CategoryName,\n pcd.", "PerformanceCounter.", "CounterName,\n pcd.", "PerformanceCounter.", "InstanceName,\n pcd.", "UsesInstanceNamePlaceholder);\n }\n\n /// <summary>\n /// Collects a value for a single counter.", "\n /// </summary>\n private static double CollectCounter(string counterOriginalString, ICounterValue counter)\n {\n try\n {\n return counter.", "Collect();\n }\n catch (Exception e)\n {\n throw new InvalidOperationException(\n string.", "Format(\n CultureInfo.", "CurrentCulture,\n \"Failed to perform a read for web app performance counter {0}\",\n counterOriginalString),\n e);\n }\n }\n\n /// <summary>\n /// Gets metric alias to be the value given by the user.", "\n /// </summary>\n /// <param name=\"counterName\">Name of the counter to retrieve.</param>\n /// <param name=\"reportAs\">Alias to report the counter.</param>\n /// <returns>Alias that will be used for the counter.</returns>\n private static string GetCounterReportAsName(string counterName, string reportAs)\n {\n return reportAs ?? ", "counterName;\n }\n\n /// <summary>\n /// Register a performance counter for collection.", "\n /// </summary>\n private void RegisterPerformanceCounter(string originalString, string reportAs, string categoryName, string counterName, string instanceName, bool usesInstanceNamePlaceholder)\n {\n ICounterValue counter = null;\n\n try\n {\n counter = CounterFactoryXPlatform.", "GetCounter(originalString);\n }\n catch\n {\n PerformanceCollectorEventSource.", "Log.", "CounterNotXPlatformSupported(originalString);\n return;\n }\n\n bool firstReadOk = false;\n\n try\n {\n // perform the first read. ", "For many counters the first read will always return 0\n // since a single sample is not enough to calculate a value\n var value = counter.", "Collect();\n firstReadOk = true;\n } \n catch (Exception e)\n {\n throw new InvalidOperationException(\n string.", "Format(\n CultureInfo.", "CurrentCulture,\n \"Failed to perform the first read for web app performance counter. ", "Please make sure it exists. ", "Counter: {0}\",\n counterName),\n e);\n }\n finally\n {\n PerformanceCounterData perfData = new PerformanceCounterData(\n originalString,\n reportAs,\n usesInstanceNamePlaceholder,\n !", "firstReadOk,\n categoryName,\n counterName,\n instanceName);\n\n this.performanceCounters.", "Add(new Tuple<PerformanceCounterData, ICounterValue>(perfData, counter));\n }\n }\n }\n}\n" ]

{ "pile_set_name": "Github" }

[ 0.047619047619047616, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0.06382978723404255, 0, 0.07692307692307693, 0.0625, 0.07692307692307693, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0.01282051282051282, 0, 0, 0, 0.007751937984496124, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0.006369426751592357, 0.002554278416347382, 0.007246376811594203, 0, 0.011111111111111112, 0.058823529411764705, 0, 0.009852216748768473, 0, 0.010638297872340425, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0.014084507042253521, 0, 0.023255813953488372, 0.02564102564102564, 0, 0.019230769230769232, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0.027777777777777776, 0.03333333333333333, 0.05263157894736842, 0.029411764705882353, 0.05263157894736842, 0.030303030303030304, 0.05263157894736842, 0.029411764705882353, 0, 0, 0.006578947368421052, 0.022727272727272728, 0, 0.0026455026455026454, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0.005319148936170213, 0.022727272727272728, 0, 0, 0.0028169014084507044, 0, 0.009433962264150943 ]