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"text": "The Walking Dead ( season 8 ) - Wikipedia The Walking Dead ( season 8 ) Jump to : navigation, search The Walking Dead ( season 8 ) Promotional poster Starring Andrew Lincoln Norman Reedus Lauren Cohan Chandler Riggs Danai Gurira Melissa McBride Lennie James Alanna Masterson Josh McDermitt Christian Serratos Seth Gilliam Ross Marquand Jeffrey Dean Morgan Austin Amelio Tom Payne Xander Berkeley Khary Payton Steven Ogg Katelyn Nacon Pollyanna McIntosh Country of origin United States No. of episodes 9 Release Original network AMC Original release October 22, 2017 ( 2017 - 10 - 22 ) -- present ( present ) Season chronology ← Previous Season 7 List of The Walking Dead episodes The eighth season of The Walking Dead, an American post-apocalyptic horror television series on AMC, premiered on October 22, 2017, and will consist of 16 episodes split into two eight - episode parts, with the second part debuting on February 25, 2018. Developed for television by Frank Darabont, the series is based on the eponymous series of comic books by Robert Kirkman, Tony Moore, and Charlie Adlard. The executive producers are Kirkman, David Alpert, Scott M. Gimple, Greg Nicotero, Tom Luse, and Gale Anne Hurd, with Gimple as showrunner for the fifth consecutive season. The eighth season has received mostly positive reviews. This season adapts the `` All Out War '' story arc from the comics, with the survivors of the Alexandria Safe - Zone, the Hilltop, the Kingdom, and later the Scavengers taking on Negan ( Jeffrey Dean Morgan ) and the Saviors. Contents ( hide ) 1 Cast 1.1 Main cast 1.1. 1 Starring 1.1. 2 Also starring 1.2 Supporting cast 1.2. 1 Alexandria Safe - Zone 1.2. 2 The Hilltop 1.2. 3 The Saviors 1.2. 4 The Kingdom 1.2. 5 Oceanside 1.2. 6 The Scavengers 1.2. 7 Miscellaneous 2 Production 3 Episodes 4 Release 5 Reception 5.1 Critical response 5.2 Ratings 6 References 7 External links Cast ( edit ) Main article : List of The Walking Dead ( TV series ) characters Main cast ( edit ) The primary characters of the eighth season include ( from left to right ) : Rick, Carol, Morgan, Daryl, Carl, Enid, Rosita, Tara, Michonne, Gabriel, Aaron, Maggie, Jesus, Gregory, Shiva, Ezekiel, Jadis, Eugene, Simon, Dwight, and Negan The eighth season features twenty series regulars overall. For this season, Katelyn Nacon, Khary Payton, Steven Ogg, and Pollyanna McIntosh were promoted to series regular status, after previously having recurring roles, while Seth Gilliam and Ross Marquand were added to the opening credits. Starring ( edit ) Andrew Lincoln as Rick Grimes, the series ' protagonist, a former sheriff and the leader of Alexandria, who is leading a new alliance to fight Negan and the Saviors. Norman Reedus as Daryl Dixon, Rick 's right - hand man, the group 's primary hunter and a recruiter for Alexandria. Lauren Cohan as Maggie Rhee, the pregnant widow of Glenn and a leading figure of the Hilltop. Chandler Riggs as Carl Grimes, Rick 's bold and courageous teenage son. Danai Gurira as Michonne, Rick 's katana - wielding girlfriend, who acts as a mother figure to Carl and Judith. Melissa McBride as Carol Peletier, a fierce survivor who is spurred into fighting the Saviors as revenge for the deaths of her friends. Lennie James as Morgan Jones, the first survivor Rick had ever encountered, who now resides in the Kingdom and fights for his sanity. Alanna Masterson as Tara Chambler, a caring, witty member of the group and supply runner for Alexandria who serves as a liaison with Oceanside. Josh McDermitt as Eugene Porter, a timorous former member of the group whose resourcefulness leads Negan to take him under his wing. Christian Serratos as Rosita Espinosa, an impulsive member of the group, who is motivated to avenge her ex-boyfriend Spencer and Abraham 's death. Seth Gilliam as Gabriel Stokes, a priest who has become hardened from his experiences with Rick 's group. Ross Marquand as Aaron, an Alexandrian recruiter who brought Rick 's group to Alexandria and is currently in the fight against the Saviors. Jeffrey Dean Morgan as Negan, the sociopathic and charismatic leader of the Saviors who serves as the season 's primary antagonist. Also starring ( edit ) Austin Amelio as Dwight, a former subordinate of Negan who now works for Rick as a double agent against the Saviors. Tom Payne as Paul `` Jesus '' Rovia, a scout for the Hilltop. Xander Berkeley as Gregory, the selfish and hypocritical leader of the Hilltop whose influence diminished with Maggie 's prominence. Khary Payton as King Ezekiel, the charismatic leader of the Kingdom who allies with Rick against the Saviors. Steven Ogg as Simon, a former mortgage broker and Negan 's ruthless second - in - command. Katelyn Nacon as Enid, a former member of Alexandria who moved to Hilltop to be with Maggie, and has formed a relationship with Carl. Pollyanna McIntosh as Jadis, the deceptive leader of the Scavengers who betrayed Rick 's group, and maintains a neutral stance in the war. Supporting cast ( edit ) Alexandria Safe - Zone ( edit ) Jason Douglas as Tobin, the foreman of Alexandria 's construction crew and member of Rick 's militia. Jordan Woods - Robinson as Eric Raleigh, Aaron 's boyfriend and his former recruiting partner, who is now a member of Rick 's militia. Kenric Green as Scott, a supply runner in Alexandria and member of Rick 's militia. Dahlia Legault as Francine, a member of Alexandria 's construction crew and member of Rick 's militia. Mandi Christine Kerr as Barbara, resident of Alexandria. Ted Huckabee as Bruce, resident and member of Alexandria 's construction. The Hilltop ( edit ) James Chen as Kal, a guard of the Hilltop. Peter Zimmerman as Eduardo, a guard of the Hilltop and soldier of the Hilltop 's militia. Karen Ceesay as Bertie, a resident of the Hilltop and soldier of the Hilltop 's militia. Jeremy Palko as Andy, a resident of the Hilltop and soldier of the Hilltop 's militia. Brett Gentile as Freddie, a resident of the Hilltop and soldier of the Hilltop 's militia. R. Keith Harris as Harlan Carson, is the doctor of the Hilltop, who was captured by Simon in the previous season. The Saviors ( edit ) Jayson Warner Smith as Gavin, one of Negan 's top lieutenants, who leads the weapons base. Traci Dinwiddie as Regina, one of Negan 's top lieutenants. Elizabeth Ludlow as Arat, one of Negan 's top lieutenants. Mike Seal as Gary, a member of the Saviors. Lindsley Register as Laura, a member of the Saviors. Juan Pareja as Morales, a survivor from Rick 's original Atlanta camp who joined the Saviors. Joshua Mikel as Jared, Benjamin 's killer, and a hostile member of the Saviors who antagonizes Morgan. Callan McAuliffe as Alden, a member of the Saviors who surrenders to Jesus at the satellite station outpost. Lindsey Garrett as Mara, a Savior who guards one of many outposts. Lee Norris as Todd, a timid member of the Saviors who works at the same outpost as Mara. Whitmer Thomas as Gunther, a member of the Saviors who tortures Ezekiel. Charles Halford as Yago, a Savior who manages Gavin 's weapons base. Ciera L. Payton as Zia, a Savior whom Rosita and Michonne encounter at a supply warehouse. Adam Cronan as Leo, a Savior whom Rosita and Michonne encounter at a supply warehouse. Chloe Aktas as Tanya, one of Negan 's wives. Adam Fristoe as Dean, a savior who tried to kill Jesus. The Kingdom ( edit ) Cooper Andrews as Jerry, Ezekiel 's loyal and good - natured bodyguard. Kerry Cahill as Dianne, one of Ezekiel 's top soldiers and a skilled archer. Daniel Newman as Daniel, one of Ezekiel 's top soldiers. Carlos Navarro as Alvaro, one of Ezekiel 's top soldiers. Macsen Lintz as Henry, a resident of the Kingdom and younger brother of the deceased Benjamin. Jason Burkey as Kevin, a resident of the Kingdom. Nadine Marissa as Nabila, a resident and gardener of the Kingdom. Oceanside ( edit ) Deborah May as Natania, the vigilant leader of Oceanside. Sydney Park as Cyndie, Natania 's granddaughter. Briana Venskus as Beatrice, one of Oceanside 's top soldiers. Nicole Barré as Kathy, one of Oceanside 's top soldiers. The Scavengers ( edit ) Sabrina Gennarino as Tamiel, a leading member of the Scavengers. Thomas Francis Murphy as Brion, a leading member of the Scavengers. Miscellaneous ( edit ) Avi Nash as Siddiq, a mysterious vagabond survivor who befriends Carl. Production ( edit ) The Walking Dead was renewed by AMC for a 16 - episode eighth season on October 16, 2016, and that same month it was reported that Maria Bello would have a role on the show. Production began on April 25, 2017, in Atlanta, Georgia. On July 12, 2017, production was shut down after stuntman John Bernecker was killed, after falling more than 20 feet onto a concrete floor. Production resumed on July 17. The season premiere, which also serves as the series ' milestone 100th episode, was directed by executive producer Greg Nicotero. In November 2017, it was announced that Lennie James who portrays Morgan Jones, would be leaving The Walking Dead after the conclusion of this season, and he will join the cast of the spin - off series Fear the Walking Dead. Episodes ( edit ) See also : List of The Walking Dead episodes No. overall No. in season Title Directed by Written by Original air date U.S. viewers ( millions ) 100 `` Mercy '' Greg Nicotero Scott M. Gimple October 22, 2017 ( 2017 - 10 - 22 ) 11.44 Rick, Maggie, and Ezekiel rally their communities together to take down Negan. Gregory attempts to have the Hilltop residents side with Negan, but they all firmly stand behind Maggie. The group attacks the Sanctuary, taking down its fences and flooding the compound with walkers. With the Sanctuary defaced, everyone leaves except Gabriel, who reluctantly stays to save Gregory, but is left behind when Gregory abandons him. Surrounded by walkers, Gabriel hides in a trailer, where he is trapped inside with Negan. 101 `` The Damned '' Rosemary Rodriguez Matthew Negrete & Channing Powell October 29, 2017 ( 2017 - 10 - 29 ) 8.92 Rick 's forces split into separate parties to attack several of the Saviors ' outposts, during which many members of the group are killed ; Eric is critically injured and rushed away by Aaron. Jesus stops Tara and Morgan from executing a group of surrendered Saviors. While clearing an outpost with Daryl, Rick is confronted and held at gunpoint by Morales, a survivor he met in the initial Atlanta camp, who is now with the Saviors. 102 `` Monsters '' Greg Nicotero Matthew Negrete & Channing Powell November 5, 2017 ( 2017 - 11 - 05 ) 8.52 Daryl finds Morales threatening Rick and kills him ; the duo then pursue a group of Saviors who are transporting weapons to another outpost. Gregory returns to Hilltop, and after a heated argument, Maggie ultimately allows him back in the community. Eric dies from his injuries, leaving Aaron distraught. Despite Tara and Morgan 's objections, Jesus leads the group of surrendered Saviors to Hilltop. Ezekiel 's group attacks another Savior compound, during which several Kingdommers are shot while protecting Ezekiel. 103 `` Some Guy '' Dan Liu David Leslie Johnson November 12, 2017 ( 2017 - 11 - 12 ) 8.69 Ezekiel 's group is overwhelmed by the Saviors, who kill all of them except for Ezekiel himself and Jerry. Carol clears the inside of the compound, killing all but two Saviors, who almost escape but are eventually caught by Rick and Daryl. En route to the Kingdom, Ezekiel, Jerry, and Carol are surrounded by walkers, but Shiva sacrifices herself to save them. The trio returns to the Kingdom, where Ezekiel 's confidence in himself as a leader has diminished. 104 5 `` The Big Scary U '' Michael E. Satrazemis Story by : Scott M. Gimple & David Leslie Johnson & Angela Kang Teleplay by : David Leslie Johnson & Angela Kang November 19, 2017 ( 2017 - 11 - 19 ) 7.85 After confessing their sins to each other, Gabriel and Negan manage to escape from the trailer. Simon and the other lieutenants grow suspicious of each other, knowing that Rick 's forces must have inside information. The workers in the Sanctuary become increasingly frustrated with their living conditions, and a riot nearly ensues, until Negan returns and restores order. Gabriel is locked in a cell, where Eugene discovers him sick and suffering. Meanwhile, Rick and Daryl argue over how to take out the Saviors, leading Daryl to abandon Rick. 105 6 `` The King, the Widow, and Rick '' John Polson Angela Kang & Corey Reed November 26, 2017 ( 2017 - 11 - 26 ) 8.28 Rick visits Jadis in hopes of convincing her to turn against Negan ; Jadis refuses, and locks Rick in a shipping container. Carl encounters Siddiq in the woods and recruits him to Alexandria. Daryl and Tara plot to deviate from Rick 's plans by destroying the Sanctuary. Ezekiel isolates himself at the Kingdom, where Carol tries to encourage him to be the leader his people need. Maggie has the group of captured Saviors placed in a holding area and forces Gregory to join them as punishment for betraying Hilltop. 106 7 `` Time for After '' Larry Teng Matthew Negrete & Corey Reed December 3, 2017 ( 2017 - 12 - 03 ) 7.47 After learning of Dwight 's association with Rick 's group, Eugene affirms his loyalty to Negan and outlines a plan to get rid of the walkers surrounding the Sanctuary. With help from Morgan and Tara, Daryl drives a truck through the Sanctuary 's walls, flooding its interior with walkers, killing many Saviors. Rick finally convinces Jadis and the Scavengers to align with him, and they plan to force the Saviors to surrender. However, when they arrive at the Sanctuary, Rick is horrified to see the breached walls and no sign of the walker herd. 107 8 `` How It 's Gotta Be '' Michael E. Satrazemis David Leslie Johnson & Angela Kang December 10, 2017 ( 2017 - 12 - 10 ) 7.89 Eugene 's plan allows the Saviors to escape, and separately, the Saviors waylay the Alexandria, Hilltop, and Kingdom forces. The Scavengers abandon Rick, after which he returns to Alexandria. Ezekiel ensures that the Kingdom residents are able to escape before locking himself in the community with the Saviors. Eugene aids Gabriel and Doctor Carson in escaping the Sanctuary in order to ease his conscience. Negan attacks Alexandria, but Carl devises a plan to allow the Alexandria residents to escape into the sewers. Carl reveals he was bitten by a walker while escorting Siddiq to Alexandria. 108 9 `` Honor '' Greg Nicotero Matthew Negrete & Channing Powell February 25, 2018 ( 2018 - 02 - 25 ) 8.28 After the Saviors leave Alexandria, the survivors make for the Hilltop while Rick and Michonne stay behind to say their final goodbyes to a dying Carl, who pleads with Rick to build a better future alongside the Saviors before killing himself. In the Kingdom, Morgan and Carol launch a rescue mission for Ezekiel. Although they are successful and retake the Kingdom, the Saviors ' lieutenant Gavin is killed by Benjamin 's vengeful brother Henry. 109 10 `` The Lost and the Plunderers '' TBA TBA March 4, 2018 ( 2018 - 03 - 04 ) TBD 110 11 `` Dead or Alive Or '' TBA TBA March 11, 2018 ( 2018 - 03 - 11 ) TBD 111 12 `` The Key '' TBA TBA March 18, 2018 ( 2018 - 03 - 18 ) TBD Release ( edit ) The first trailer for the season was released on July 21, 2017, at San Diego Comic - Con. The second trailer was released on February 1, 2018, for the second part of the season. Reception ( edit ) Critical response ( edit ) The eighth season of The Walking Dead has received mostly positive reviews from critics. On Rotten Tomatoes, the season holds a score of 73 % with an average rating of 6.9 out of 10, based on 13 reviews, and an average episode score of 69 %. The site 's critical consensus reads : `` The Walking Dead 's eighth season energizes its characters with some much - needed angst and action, though it 's still occasionally choppy and lacking forward - moving plot progression. '' The Walking Dead ( season 8 ) : Critical reception by episode Season 8 ( 2017 -- 18 ) : Percentage of positive reviews tracked by the website Rotten Tomatoes Ratings ( edit ) No. Title Air date Rating / share ( 18 -- 49 ) Viewers ( millions ) DVR ( 18 -- 49 ) DVR viewers ( millions ) Total ( 18 -- 49 ) Total viewers ( millions ) `` Mercy '' October 22, 2017 5.0 11.44 2.2 4.28 7.2 15.74 `` The Damned '' October 29, 2017 4.0 8.92 2.0 4.16 6.0 13.10 `` Monsters '' November 5, 2017 3.8 8.52 2.2 4.47 6.0 13.01 `` Some Guy '' November 12, 2017 3.9 8.69 1.8 3.66 5.7 12.36 5 `` The Big Scary U '' November 19, 2017 3.4 7.85 1.7 3.58 5.3 11.87 6 `` The King, the Widow, and Rick '' November 26, 2017 3.6 8.28 4.44 5.7 12.73 7 `` Time for After '' December 3, 2017 3.3 7.47 1.9 4.15 5.2 11.63 8 `` How It 's Gotta Be '' December 10, 2017 3.4 7.89 2.0 4.23 5.4 12.13 9 `` Honor '' February 25, 2018 3.6 8.28 TBD TBD TBD TBD 10 `` The Lost and the Plunderers '' March 4, 2018 TBD TBD TBD TBD TBD TBD 11 `` Dead or Alive Or '' March 11, 2018 TBD TBD TBD TBD TBD TBD 12 `` The Key '' March 18, 2018 TBD TBD TBD TBD TBD TBD ^ 1 Live + 7 ratings were not available, so Live + 3 ratings have been used instead. References ( edit ) Jump up ^ Schwartz, Ryan ( July 18, 2017 ). `` Walking Dead Gets Season 8 Premiere Date, Plus Fear TWD Return Date ''. TVLine. Retrieved July 18, 2017. ^ Jump up to : Hibberd, James ( October 16, 2016 ). `` Walking Dead gets early season 8 renewal ''. Entertainment Weekly. Retrieved October 16, 2016. Jump up ^ Zalben, Alexander ( December 10, 2017 ). `` Here 's When The Walking Dead Will Return in 2018 ''. TV Guide. Retrieved January 15, 2018. Jump up ^ Goldberg, Lesley ( April 17, 2017 ). `` ' Walking Dead ' Promotes Trio to Series Regular for Season 8 ''. The Hollywood Reporter. Retrieved May 4, 2017. ^ Jump up to : Ausiello, Michael ( April 17, 2017 ). `` The Walking Dead Promotes 3 Actors to Series Regular Ahead of Season 8 ''. TV Line. Retrieved October 25, 2017. Jump up ^ Peters, Megan ( October 30, 2016 ). `` Maria Bello Getting Role In The Walking Dead Season 8 ''. Comicbook.com. Retrieved July 18, 2017. Jump up ^ Davis, Brandon ( April 24, 2017 ). `` The Walking Dead Cast And Crew Assemble For Season 8 ''. Comicbook.com. Retrieved July 22, 2017. Jump up ^ Otterson, Joe ( July 13, 2017 ). `` ' Walking Dead ' Stuntman Dies After On - Set Accident ''. Variety. Retrieved July 22, 2017. Jump up ^ Pedersen, Erik ( July 17, 2017 ). `` ' Walking Dead ' Production Resumes After Stuntman 's Death ''. Deadline. Retrieved July 22, 2017. Jump up ^ Davis, Brandon ( April 25, 2017 ). `` Exclusive : Greg Nicotero To Direct The Walking Dead Episode 100, Season 8 Premiere ''. Comicbook.com. Retrieved July 22, 2017. Jump up ^ Ross, Dalton ( November 26, 2017 ). `` The Walking Dead : Lennie James will cross over to Fear The Walking Dead ''. Entertainment Weekly. Retrieved November 27, 2017. ^ Jump up to : Porter, Rick ( October 24, 2017 ). `` Sunday cable ratings : ' The Walking Dead ' has lowest - rated premiere since Season 2 ''. TV by the Numbers. Retrieved October 24, 2017. ^ Jump up to : Porter, Rick ( October 31, 2017 ). `` Sunday cable ratings : ' The Walking Dead ' stumbles to 5 - year low ''. TV by the Numbers. Retrieved October 31, 2017. ^ Jump up to : Porter, Rick ( November 7, 2017 ). `` Sunday cable ratings : ' Shameless ' has its best premiere in 4 - plus years ''. TV by the Numbers. Retrieved November 7, 2017. ^ Jump up to : Porter, Rick ( November 14, 2017 ). `` Sunday cable ratings : ' The Walking Dead ' improves, ' Shameless ' dips in week 2 ''. TV by the Numbers. Retrieved November 14, 2017. ^ Jump up to : Porter, Rick ( November 21, 2017 ). `` Sunday cable ratings : 6 - year low for ' The Walking Dead ' ''. TV by the Numbers. Retrieved November 21, 2017. ^ Jump up to : Porter, Rick ( November 29, 2017 ). `` Sunday cable ratings : Hallmark 's ' Switched for Christmas ' hits a high, ' Walking Dead ' rebounds some ''. TV by the Numbers. Retrieved November 29, 2017. ^ Jump up to : Porter, Rick ( December 5, 2017 ). `` Sunday cable ratings : ' The Walking Dead ' goes low again ''. TV by the Numbers. Retrieved December 5, 2017. ^ Jump up to : Porter, Rick ( December 12, 2017 ). `` Sunday cable ratings : ' Walking Dead ' fall finale ticks up, Season 8 still way down ''. TV by the Numbers. Retrieved December 12, 2017. ^ Jump up to : Porter, Rick ( February 27, 2017 ). `` Sunday cable ratings : ' The Walking Dead ' returns a little higher ''. TV by the Numbers. Retrieved February 27, 2017. ^ Jump up to : `` The Walking Dead : Episode Guide ''. Zap2it. Retrieved February 6, 2018. Jump up ^ Snierson, Dan ( July 21, 2017 ). `` The Walking Dead season 8 trailer teases surprise flash - forward ''. Entertainment Weekly. Retrieved July 22, 2017. ^ Jump up to : `` The Walking Dead : Season 8 ''. Rotten Tomatoes. Retrieved November 23, 2016. Jump up ^ Porter, Rick ( November 3, 2017 ). `` ' Walking Dead ' premiere grows a lot, still trails Season 7 debut by a lot : Cable Live + 7 ratings for Oct. 16 - 22 ''. TV by the Numbers. Retrieved November 3, 2017. Jump up ^ Porter, Rick ( November 9, 2017 ). `` ' Walking Dead, ' ' AHS : Cult ' way above everything else in cable Live + 7 ratings for Oct. 23 - 29 ''. TV by the Numbers. Retrieved November 9, 2017. Jump up ^ Porter, Rick ( November 17, 2017 ). `` ' American Horror Story : Cult ' triples in cable Live + 7 ratings for Oct. 30 - Nov. 5 ''. TV by the Numbers. Retrieved November 17, 2017. Jump up ^ Porter, Rick ( November 19, 2017 ). `` ' The Walking Dead ' keeps pace in cable Live + 3 ratings for Nov. 6 - 12 ''. TV by the Numbers. Retrieved November 19, 2017. Jump up ^ Porter, Rick ( December 20, 2017 ). `` ' The Walking Dead ' laps the field in cable Live + 7 ratings for Nov. 20 - 26 ''. TV by the Numbers. Retrieved December 20, 2017. Jump up ^ Porter, Rick ( December 7, 2017 ). `` ' The Walking Dead ' laps the field in cable Live + 7 ratings for Nov. 20 - 26 ''. TV by the Numbers. Retrieved December 7, 2017. Jump up ^ Porter, Rick ( December 15, 2017 ). `` ' The Walking Dead ' outpaces everything else in cable Live + 7 ratings for Nov. 27 - Dec. 3 ''. TV by the Numbers. Retrieved December 15, 2017. Jump up ^ Porter, Rick ( December 21, 2017 ). `` ' Top Chef ' premiere more than doubles in cable Live + 7 ratings for Dec. 4 - 10 ''. TV by the Numbers. Retrieved December 21, 2017. External links ( edit ) Horror fiction portal Television portal Official website List of The Walking Dead episodes on IMDb List of The Walking Dead episodes at TV.com The Walking Dead Robert Kirkman Tony Moore Charlie Adlard Comic books The Walking Dead Television series The Walking Dead Episodes season 1 5 6 7 8 Accolades Soundtrack Vol. 1 Talking Dead Fear the Walking Dead Episodes season 1 Web series The Walking Dead Torn Apart Cold Storage The Oath Fear the Walking Dead Flight 462 Passage Video games The Walking Dead Season One `` 400 Days '' Two Michonne Three : A New Frontier Other games Survival Instinct Road to Survival Novels Rise of the Governor The Road to Woodbury The Fall of the Governor Descent Invasion Search and Destroy Return to Woodbury Characters Lists Comic book series Television series Aaron Alden Amy Jessie Anderson Andrea Axel Tara Chambler Clementine Daryl Dixon Merle Dixon Dwight Rosita Espinosa Lee Everett King Ezekiel Abraham Ford Gareth The Governor Gregory Beth Greene Hershel Greene Maggie Greene Carl Grimes Lori Grimes Rick Grimes Dale Horvath Morgan Jones Lilly Milton Mamet Caesar Martinez Deanna Monroe Paul `` Jesus '' Monroe Morales Michonne Negan Olivia The Prisoners Carol Peletier Sophia Peletier Eugene Porter Glenn Rhee Lizzie and Mika Samuels Gabriel Stokes Bob Stookey T - Dog Shane Walsh Sasha Williams Tyreese Williams Category The Walking Dead episodes Season 1 `` Days Gone Bye '' `` Guts '' `` Tell It to the Frogs '' `` Vatos '' `` Wildfire '' `` TS - 19 '' Season 2 `` What Lies Ahead '' `` Bloodletting '' `` Save the Last One '' `` Cherokee Rose '' `` Chupacabra '' `` Secrets '' `` Pretty Much Dead Already '' `` Nebraska '' `` Triggerfinger '' `` 18 Miles Out '' `` Judge, Jury, Executioner '' `` Better Angels '' `` Beside the Dying Fire '' Season 3 `` Seed '' `` Sick '' `` Walk with Me '' `` Killer Within '' `` Say the Word '' `` Hounded '' `` When the Dead Come Knocking '' `` Made to Suffer '' `` The Suicide King '' `` Home '' `` I Ai n't a Judas '' `` Clear '' `` Arrow on the Doorpost '' `` Prey '' `` This Sorrowful Life '' `` Welcome to the Tombs '' Season 4 `` 30 Days Without an Accident '' `` Infected '' `` Isolation '' `` Indifference '' `` Internment '' `` Live Bait '' `` Dead Weight '' `` Too Far Gone '' `` After '' `` Inmates '' `` Claimed '' `` Still '' `` Alone '' `` The Grove '' `` Us '' `` A '' Season 5 `` No Sanctuary '' `` Strangers '' `` Four Walls and a Roof '' `` Slabtown '' `` Self Help '' `` Consumed '' `` Crossed '' `` Coda '' `` What Happened and What 's Going On '' `` Them '' `` The Distance '' `` Remember '' `` Forget '' `` Spend '' `` Try '' `` Conquer '' Season 6 `` First Time Again '' `` JSS '' `` Thank You '' `` Here 's Not Here '' `` Now '' `` Always Accountable '' `` Heads Up '' `` Start to Finish '' `` No Way Out '' `` The Next World '' `` Knots Untie '' `` Not Tomorrow Yet '' `` The Same Boat '' `` Twice as Far '' `` East '' `` Last Day on Earth '' Season 7 `` The Day Will Come When You Wo n't Be '' `` The Well '' `` The Cell '' `` Service '' `` Go Getters '' `` Swear '' `` Sing Me a Song '' `` Hearts Still Beating '' `` Rock in the Road '' `` New Best Friends '' `` Hostiles and Calamities '' `` Say Yes '' `` Bury Me Here '' `` The Other Side '' `` Something They Need '' `` The First Day of the Rest of Your Life '' Season 8 `` Mercy '' `` The Damned '' `` Monsters '' `` Some Guy '' `` The Big Scary U '' `` The King, the Widow, and Rick '' `` Time for After '' `` How It 's Gotta Be '' `` Honor '' Webisodes Torn Apart Cold Storage The Oath Category Retrieved from `` https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=The_Walking_Dead_(season_8)&oldid=828222625 '' Categories : 2017 American television seasons The Walking Dead ( TV series ) episodes Hidden categories : Official website different in Wikidata and Wikipedia Talk Contents About Wikipedia Català Deutsch Español فارسی Français Italiano Português Русский 中文 Edit links This page was last edited on 1 March 2018, at 07 : 54. Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution - ShareAlike License ; additional terms may apply. By using this site, you agree to the Terms of Use and Privacy Policy. Wikipedia ® is a registered trademark of the Wikimedia Foundation, Inc., a non-profit organization. About Wikipedia",
"title": "The Walking Dead (season 8)",
"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org//w/index.php?title=The_Walking_Dead_(season_8)&oldid=828222625"
} | when is the last episode of season 8 of the walking dead | [
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"a rescue mission for Ezekiel. Although they are successful and retake the Kingdom, the Saviors ' lieutenant Gavin is killed by Benjamin 's vengeful brother Henry. 109 10 `` The Lost and the Plunderers '' TBA TBA March 4, 2018 ( 2018 - 03 - 04 ) TBD 110 11 `` Dead or Alive Or '' TBA TBA March 11, 2018 ( 2018 - 03 - 11 ) TBD 111 12 `` The Key '' TBA TBA March 18, 2018 ( 2018 - 03 - 18 ) TBD Release ( edit ) The first trailer for the season was released on July 21, 2017, at San Diego Comic - Con. The second trailer was released on February 1, 2018, for the second part of the season. Reception ( edit ) Critical response ( edit ) The eighth season of The Walking Dead has received mostly positive reviews from critics. On Rotten Tomatoes, the season holds a score of 73 % with an average rating of 6.9 out of 10, based on 13 reviews, and an average episode score of 69 %. The site"
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"text": "Persephone - Wikipedia Persephone This article is about the Greek goddess. For other uses, see Persephone ( disambiguation ). Persephone Goddess of the underworld, springtime, flowers and vegetation Statue of Persephone with a sistrum. Heraklion Archaeological Museum, Crete Abode The Underworld, Sicily, Mount Olympus Symbol Pomegranate, Seeds of Grain, Torch, Flowers and Deer Spouse Hades Children Melinoe, Zagreus Parents Zeus and Demeter Siblings Aeacus, Amphitheus I, Angelos, Aphrodite, Apollo, Ares, Arion, Artemis, Athena, Chrysothemis, Despoina, Dionysus, Eileithyia, Enyo, Eris, Ersa, Eubuleus, Hebe, Helen of Troy, Hephaestus, Heracles, Hermes, Minos, Pandia, Philomelus, Plutus, Perseus, Rhadamanthus, the Graces, the Horae, the Litae, the Muses, the Moirai Roman equivalent Proserpina ( Proserpine ) This article contains special characters. Without proper rendering support, you may see question marks, boxes, or other symbols. Part of a series on Ancient Greek religion Features ( show ) Greek mythology Ancient Greek philosophy Hellenistic philosophy Ancient Greek religion Polytheism Henosis Monism Pantheism Orthopraxy Godheads ( show ) Olympians Aphrodite Apollo Ares Artemis Athena Demeter Dionysus Hades Hephaestus Hera Hermes Hestia Poseidon Zeus Primordial deities Aether Aion Ananke Chaos Chronos Erebus Eros Gaia Hemera Nyx Phanes Pontus Thalassa Tartarus Uranus Lesser deities Alpheus Amphitrite Asclepius Bia Circe Deimos Eileithyia Enyo Eos Eris Harmonia Hebe Hecate Helios Heracles Iris Kratos Leto Metis Momus Morpheus Nemesis Nike Pan Persephone Phantasos Phobos Proteus Scamander Selene Thanatos Thetis Triton Zelus Ethics ( show ) Arete Hubris Xenia Ethic of reciprocity Practices ( show ) Amphidromia Animal sacrifice Funeral practices Greek hero cult Hieros gamos Iatromantis Libations Oracles Pharmakos Temples Votive offerings Festivals Daphnephoria Dionysia Dionysian Mysteries Eleusinian Mysteries Panathenaic Games Panhellenic Games ( Isthmian Nemean Olympic Pythian ) Thesmophoria Sacred places ( show ) Eleusis Delphi Delos Dodona Mount Olympus Olympia Texts ( show ) Argonautica Bibliotheca Corpus Hermeticum Delphic maxims Dionysiaca Epic Cycle Homeric Hymns Iliad Odyssey Orphic Hymns Theogony Works and Days History ( show ) Mycenaean gods Decline of Hellenistic polytheism Julian restoration Hellenismos portal In Greek mythology, Persephone ( / pərˈsɛfəni / ; Greek : Περσεφόνη ), also called Kore ( / ˈkɔːriː / ; `` the maiden '' ), is the daughter of Zeus and Demeter and is the queen of the underworld. Homer describes her as the formidable, venerable majestic princess of the underworld, who carries into effect the curses of men upon the souls of the dead. Persephone was married to Hades, the god of the underworld. The myth of her abduction represents her function as the personification of vegetation, which shoots forth in spring and withdraws into the earth after harvest ; hence, she is also associated with spring as well as the fertility of vegetation. Similar myths appear in the Orient, in the cults of male gods like Attis, Adonis, and Osiris, and in Minoan Crete. Persephone as a vegetation goddess and her mother Demeter were the central figures of the Eleusinian mysteries, which promised the initiated a more enjoyable prospect after death. In some versions, Persephone is the mother of Zeus 's sons Dionysus, Iacchus, or Zagreus. The origins of her cult are uncertain, but it was based on very old agrarian cults of agricultural communities. Persephone was commonly worshipped along with Demeter and with the same mysteries. To her alone were dedicated the mysteries celebrated at Athens in the month of Anthesterion. In Classical Greek art, Persephone is invariably portrayed robed, often carrying a sheaf of grain. She may appear as a mystical divinity with a sceptre and a little box, but she was mostly represented in the process of being carried off by Hades. In Roman mythology, she is called Proserpina, and her mother, Ceres and her father Jupiter. Contents 1 Name 1.1 Etymology 1.2 Roman Proserpina 1.3 Nestis 2 Titles and functions 2.1 Epithets 3 Origins of the cult 3.1 Near East and Minoan Crete 3.2 Mycenean Greece 4 Mythology 4.1 Abduction myth 4.2 Interpretation of the myth 4.3 Arcadian myths 4.4 Queen of the Underworld 5 Cult of Persephone 5.1 Thesmophoria 5.2 Eleusinian mysteries 5.3 Local cults 6 Ancient literary references 7 Modern reception 8 See also 9 Notes and references 10 Sources 11 External links Name ( edit ) Etymology ( edit ) Persephone or `` the deceased woman '' holding a pomegranate. Etruscan terracotta cinerary statue. National archaeological museum in Palermo, Italy In a Linear B ( Mycenean Greek ) inscription on a tablet found at Pylos dated 1400 -- 1200 BC, John Chadwick reconstructed the name of a goddess * Preswa who could be identified with Persa, daughter of Oceanus and found speculative the further identification with the first element of Persephone. Persephonē ( Greek : Περσεφόνη ) is her name in the Ionic Greek of epic literature. The Homeric form of her name is Persephoneia ( Περσεφονεία, Persephoneia ). In other dialects, she was known under variant names : Persephassa ( Περσεφάσσα ), Persephatta ( Περσεφάττα ), or simply Korē ( Κόρη, `` girl, maiden '' ). Plato calls her Pherepapha ( Φερέπαφα ) in his Cratylus, `` because she is wise and touches that which is in motion ''. There are also the forms Periphona ( Πηριφόνα ) and Phersephassa ( Φερσέφασσα ). The existence of so many different forms shows how difficult it was for the Greeks to pronounce the word in their own language and suggests that the name may have a Pre-Greek origin. Persephatta ( Περσεφάττα ) is considered to mean `` female thresher of grain '' ; the first constituent of the name originates in Proto - Greek `` perso - '' ( related to Sanskrit `` parṣa - '' ), `` sheaf of grain '' and the second constituent of the name originates in Proto - Indo European * - gwn - t - ih, from the root * gwhen - `` to strike ''. An alternative etymology is from φέρειν φόνον, pherein phonon, `` to bring ( or cause ) death ''. Roman Proserpina ( edit ) Cinerary altar with tabula representing the rape of Proserpina. White marble, Antonine Era, 2nd century Rome, Baths of Diocletian Persephone opening a cista containing the infant Adonis, on a pinax from Locri The Romans first heard of her from the Aeolian and Dorian cities of Magna Graecia, who used the dialectal variant Proserpinē ( Προσερπίνη ). Hence, in Roman mythology she was called Proserpina, a name erroneously derived by the Romans from proserpere, `` to shoot forth '' and as such became an emblematic figure of the Renaissance. At Locri, perhaps uniquely, Persephone was the protector of marriage, a role usually assumed by Hera ; in the iconography of votive plaques at Locri, her abduction and marriage to Hades served as an emblem of the marital state, children at Locri were dedicated to Proserpina, and maidens about to be wed brought their peplos to be blessed. Nestis ( edit ) In a Classical period text ascribed to Empedocles, c. 490 -- 430 BC, describing a correspondence among four deities and the classical elements, the name Nestis for water apparently refers to Persephone : `` Now hear the fourfold roots of everything : enlivening Hera, Hades, shining Zeus. And Nestis, moistening mortal springs with tears. '' Of the four deities of Empedocles ' elements, it is the name of Persephone alone that is taboo -- Nestis is a euphemistic cult title -- for she was also the terrible Queen of the Dead, whose name was not safe to speak aloud, who was euphemistically named simply as Kore or `` the Maiden '', a vestige of her archaic role as the deity ruling the underworld. Titles and functions ( edit ) The epithets of Persephone reveal her double function as chthonic and vegetation goddess. The surnames given to her by the poets refer to her character as Queen of the lower world and the dead, or her symbolic meaning of the power that shoots forth and withdraws into the earth. Her common name as a vegetation goddess is Kore, and in Arcadia she was worshipped under the title Despoina, `` the mistress '', a very old chthonic divinity. Plutarch identifies her with spring and Cicero calls her the seed of the fruits of the fields. In the Eleusinian mysteries, her return is the symbol of immortality and hence she was frequently represented on sarcophagi. In the mystical theories of the Orphics and the Platonists, Kore is described as the all - pervading goddess of nature who both produces and destroys everything, and she is therefore mentioned along or identified with other mystic divinities such as Isis, Rhea, Ge, Hestia, Pandora, Artemis, and Hecate. The Orphic Persephone is further said to have become by Zeus the mother of Dionysus, Iacchus, Zagreus, and the little - attested Melinoe. Epithets ( edit ) As a goddess of the underworld, Persephone was given euphemistically friendly names. However it is possible that some of them were the names of original goddesses : Despoina ( dems - potnia ) `` the mistress '' ( literally `` the mistress of the house '' ) in Arcadia. Hagne, `` pure '', originally a goddess of the springs in Messenia. Melindia or Melinoia ( meli, `` honey '' ), as the consort of Hades, in Hermione. ( Compare Hecate, Melinoe ) Melivia Melitodes Aristi cthonia, `` the best chthonic ''. Praxidike, the Orphic Hymn to Persephone identifies Praxidike as an epithet of Persephone : `` Praxidike, subterranean queen. The Eumenides ' source ( mother ), fair - haired, whose frame proceeds from Zeus ' ineffable and secret seeds. '' As a vegetation goddess, she was called : Kore, `` the maiden ''. Kore Soteira, `` the savior maiden '', in Megalopolis. Neotera, `` the younger '', in Eleusis. Kore of Demeter Hagne in the Homeric hymn. Kore memagmeni, `` the mixed daughter '' ( bread ). Demeter and her daughter Persephone were usually called : The goddesses, often distinguished as `` the older '' and `` the younger '' in Eleusis. Demeters, in Rhodes and Sparta The thesmophoroi, `` the legislators '' in the Thesmophoria. The Great Goddesses, in Arcadia. The mistresses in Arcadia. Karpophoroi, `` the bringers of fruit '', in Tegea of Arcadia. Origins of the cult ( edit ) Gold ring from Isopata tomb, near Knossos, Crete, 1400 -- 1500 BC. Depicted are female figures dancing among blossoming vegetation ; Heraklion Archaeological Museum The myth of a goddess being abducted and taken to the Underworld is probably Pre-Greek in origin. Samuel Noah Kramer, the renowned scholar of ancient Sumer, has posited that the Greek story of the abduction of Persephone may be derived from an ancient Sumerian story in which Ereshkigal, the ancient Sumerian goddess of the Underworld, is abducted by Kur, the primeval dragon of Sumerian mythology, and forced to become ruler of the Underworld against her own will. The location of Persephone 's abduction is different in each local cult. The Homeric Hymn to Demeter mentions the `` plain of Nysa ''. The locations of this probably mythical place may simply be conventions to show that a magically distant chthonic land of myth was intended in the remote past. Demeter found and met her daughter in Eleusis, and this is the mythical disguise of what happened in the mysteries. Persephone is an old chthonic deity of the agricultural communities, who received the souls of the dead into the earth, and acquired powers over the fertility of the soil, over which she reigned. The earliest depiction of a goddess who may be identified with Persephone growing out of the ground, is on a plate from the Old - Palace period in Phaistos. The goddess has a vegetable - like appearance, and she is surrounded by dancing girls between blossoming flowers. A similar representation, where the goddess appears to come down from the sky, is depicted on the Minoan ring of Isopata. Rape of Persephone. Hades with his horses and Persephone ( down ). An Apulian red - figure volute krater, c. 340 BC. Antikensammlung Berlin In some forms Hades appears with his chthonic horses. The myth of the rape of Kore was derived from the idea that Hades catches the souls of the dead and then carries them with his horses into his kingdom. This idea is vague in Homer, but appears in later Greek depictions, and in Greek folklore. `` Charos '' appears with his horse and carries the dead into the underworld. The cults of Persephone and Demeter in the Eleusinian mysteries and in the Thesmophoria were based on old agrarian cults. A lot of ancient beliefs were based on initiation into jealously - guarded mysteries ( secret rites ) because they offered prospects after death more enjoyable than the final end at the gloomy space of the Greek Hades. There is evidence that some practices were derived from the religious practices of the Mycenaean age. Kerenyi asserts that these religious practices were introduced from Minoan Crete., The idea of immortality which appears in the syncretistic religions of the Near East did not exist in the Eleusinian mysteries at the very beginning. Near east and Minoan Crete ( edit ) Lady of Auxerre Louvre - An Archaic ( 640 BC ) image from Crete. A version of a Minoan goddess who may be identified with Kore In the Near eastern myth of the early agricultural societies, every year the fertility goddess bore the `` god of the new year '', who then became her lover, and died immediately in order to be reborn and face the same destiny. Some findings from Catal Huyuk since the Neolithic age, indicate the worship of the Great Goddess accompanied by a boyish consort, who symbolizes the annual decay and return of vegetation. Similar cults of resurrected gods appear in the Near East and Egypt in the cults of Attis, Adonis and Osiris. In Minoan Crete, the `` divine child '' was related to the female vegetation divinity Ariadne who died every year. The Minoan religion had its own characteristics. The most peculiar feature of the Minoan belief in the divine, is the appearance of the goddess from above in the dance. Dance floors have been discovered in addition to `` vaulted tombs '', and it seems that the dance was ecstatic. Homer memorializes the dance floor which Daedalus built for Ariadne in the remote past. On the gold ring from Isopata, four women in festal attire are performing a dance between blossoming flowers. Above a figure apparently floating in the air seems to be the goddess herself, appearing amid the whirling dance. An image plate from the first palace of Phaistos, seems to be very close to the mythical image of the Anodos ( ascent ) of Persephone. Two girls dance between blossoming flowers, on each side of a similar but armless and legless figure which seems to grow out of the ground. The goddess is bordered by snake lines which give her a vegetable like appearance She has a large stylized flower turned over her head. The resemblance with the flower - picking Persephone and her companions is compelling. The depiction of the goddess is similar to later images of `` Anodos of Pherephata ''. On the Dresden vase, Persephone is growing out of the ground, and she is surrounded by the animal - tailed agricultural gods Silenoi. Kerenyi suggests that the name Ariadne ( derived from ἁγνή, hagne, `` pure '' ), was an euphemistical name given by the Greeks to the nameless `` Mistress of the labyrinth '' who appears in a Mycenean Greek inscription from Knossos in Crete. The Greeks used to give friendly names to the deities of the underworld. Cthonic Zeus was called Eubuleus, `` the good counselor '', and the ferryman of the river of the underworld Charon, `` glad ''. Despoina and `` Hagne '' were probably euphemistic surnames of Persephone, therefore he theorizes that the cult of Persephone was the continuation of the worship of a Minoan Great goddess. The labyrinth was both a winding dance - ground and, in the Greek view, a prison with the dreaded Minotaur at its centre. It is possible that some religious practices, especially the mysteries, were transferred from a Cretan priesthood to Eleusis, where Demeter brought the poppy from Crete. Besides these similarities, Burkert explains that up to now it is not known to what extent one can and must differentiate between Minoan and Mycenean religion. In the Anthesteria Dionysos is the `` divine child ''. Mycenean Greece ( edit ) Two women or goddesses on a chariot. Fresco from Tiryns, 1200 BC. National Archaeological Museum of Athens. There is evidence of a cult in Eleusis from the Mycenean period ; however, there are not sacral finds from this period. The cult was private and there is no information about it. As well as the names of some Greek gods in the Mycenean Greek inscriptions, also appear names of goddesses, like `` the divine Mother '' ( the mother of the gods ) or `` the Goddess ( or priestess ) of the winds '', who do n't have Mycenean origin. In historical times, Demeter and Kore were usually referred to as `` the goddesses '' or `` the mistresses '' ( Arcadia ) in the mysteries. In the Mycenean Greek tablets dated 1400 -- 1200 BC, the `` two queens and the king '' are mentioned. John Chadwick believes that these were the precursor divinities of Demeter, Persephone and Poseidon. Some information can be obtained from the study of the cult of Eileithyia at Crete, and the cult of Despoina. In the cave of Amnisos at Crete, Eileithyia is related with the annual birth of the divine child and she is connected with Enesidaon ( The earth shaker ), who is the chthonic aspect of the god Poseidon. Persephone was conflated with Despoina, `` the mistress '', a chthonic divinity in West - Arcadia. The megaron of Eleusis is quite similar with the `` megaron '' of Despoina at Lycosura. Demeter is united with the god Poseidon, and she bears a daughter, the unnameable Despoina. Poseidon appears as a horse, as it usually happens in Northern European folklore. The goddess of nature and her companion survived in the Eleusinian cult, where the following words were uttered `` Mighty Potnia bore a great sun ''. In Eleusis, in a ritual, one child ( `` pais '' ) was initiated from the hearth. The name pais ( the divine child ) appears in the Mycenean inscriptions, and the ritual indicates the transition from the old funerary practices to the Greek cremation. In Greek mythology Nysa is a mythical mountain with an unknown location. Nysion ( or Mysion ), the place of the abduction of Persephone was also probably a mythical place which did not exist on the map, a magically distant chthonic land of myth which was intended in the remote past. Mythology ( edit ) Abduction myth ( edit ) Sarcophagus with the abduction of Persephone. Walters Art Museum. Baltimore, Maryland The story of her abduction by Hades against her will is traditionally referred to as the Rape of Persephone. It is mentioned briefly in Hesiod 's Theogony, and told in considerable detail in the Homeric Hymn to Demeter. Persephone used to live far away from the other gods, a goddess within Nature herself before the days of planting seeds and nurturing plants. In the Olympian telling, the gods Hermes and Apollo had wooed Persephone ; but Demeter rejected all their gifts and hid her daughter away from the company of the Olympian gods. Zeus, it is said, permitted Hades, who was in love with the beautiful Persephone, to abduct her as her mother Demeter was not likely to allow her daughter to go down to Hades. Persephone was gathering flowers with the Oceanids along with Artemis and Athena -- the Homeric Hymn says -- in a field when Hades came to abduct her, bursting through a cleft in the earth. Demeter, when she found her daughter had disappeared, searched for her all over the earth with Hecate 's torches. In most versions she forbids the earth to produce, or she neglects the earth and in the depth of her despair she causes nothing to grow. Helios, the sun, who sees everything, eventually told Demeter what had happened and at length she discovered the place of her abode. Finally, Zeus, pressed by the cries of the hungry people and by the other deities who also heard their anguish, forced Hades to return Persephone. The Rape of Proserpina by Gian Lorenzo Bernini at the Galleria Borghese in Rome. Hades indeed complied with the request, but first he tricked her, giving her some pomegranate seeds to eat. Persephone was released by Hermes, who had been sent to retrieve her, but because she had tasted food in the underworld, she was obliged to spend a third of each year ( the winter months ) there, and the remaining part of the year with the gods above. With the later writers Ovid and Hyginus, Persephone 's time in the underworld becomes half the year. Various local traditions place Persephone 's abduction in a different location. The Sicilians, among whom her worship was probably introduced by the Corinthian and Megarian colonists, believed that Hades found her in the meadows near Enna, and that a well arose on the spot where he descended with her into the lower world. The Cretans thought that their own island had been the scene of the rape, and the Eleusinians mentioned the Nysian plain in Boeotia, and said that Persephone had descended with Hades into the lower world at the entrance of the western Oceanus. Later accounts place the rape in Attica, near Athens, or near Eleusis. The return of Persephone, by Frederic Leighton ( 1891 ) The Homeric hymn mentions the Nysion ( or Mysion ) which was probably a mythical place. The location of this mythical place may simply be a convention to show that a magically distant chthonic land of myth was intended in the remote past. Before Persephone was abducted by Hades, the shepherd Eumolpus and the swineherd Eubuleus saw a girl in a black chariot driven by an invisible driver being carried off into the earth which had violently opened up. Eubuleus was feeding his pigs at the opening to the underworld when Persephone was abducted by Plouton. His swine were swallowed by the earth along with her, and the myth is an etiology for the relation of pigs with the ancient rites in Thesmophoria, and in Eleusis. In the hymn, Persephone returns and she is reunited with her mother near Eleusis. Demeter as she has been promised established her mysteries ( orgies ) when the Eleusinians built for her a temple near the spring of Callichorus. These were awful mysteries which were not allowed to be uttered. The uninitiated would spend a miserable existence in the gloomy space of Hades after death. In some versions, Ascalaphus informed the other deities that Persephone had eaten the pomegranate seeds. When Demeter and her daughter were reunited, the Earth flourished with vegetation and color, but for some months each year, when Persephone returned to the underworld, the earth once again became a barren realm. This is an origin story to explain the seasons. In an earlier version, Hecate rescued Persephone. On an Attic red - figured bell krater of c. 440 BC in the Metropolitan Museum of Art, Persephone is rising as if up stairs from a cleft in the earth, while Hermes stands aside ; Hecate, holding two torches, looks back as she leads her to the enthroned Demeter. The 10th - century Byzantine encyclopedia Suda introduces a goddess of a blessed afterlife assured to Orphic mystery initiates. This Macaria is asserted to be the daughter of Hades, but no mother is mentioned. Interpretation of the myth ( edit ) Pinax of Persephone and Hades from Locri. Reggio Calabria, National Museum of Magna Graecia. In the myth Pluto abducts Persephone to be his wife and the queen of his realm. Pluto ( Πλούτων, Ploutōn ) was a name for the ruler of the underworld ; the god was also known as Hades, a name for the underworld itself. The name Pluton was conflated with that of Ploutos ( Πλούτος Ploutos, `` wealth '' ), a god of wealth, because mineral wealth was found underground, and because Pluto as a chthonic god ruled the deep earth that contained the seeds necessary for a bountiful harvest. Plouton is lord of the dead, but as Persephone 's husband he has serious claims to the powers of fertility. In the Theogony of Hesiod, Demeter was united with the hero Iasion in Crete and she bore Ploutos. This union seems to be a reference to a hieros gamos ( ritual copulation ) to ensure the earth 's fertility. This ritual copulation appears in Minoan Crete, in many Near Eastern agricultural societies, and also in the Anthesteria. Nilsson believes that the original cult of Ploutos ( or Pluto ) in Eleusis was similar with the Minoan cult of the `` divine child '', who died in order to be reborn. The child was abandoned by his mother and then it was brought up by the powers of nature. Similar myths appear in the cults of Hyakinthos ( Amyklai ), Erichthonios ( Athens ), and later in the cult of Dionysos. The Greek version of the abduction myth is related to grain -- important and rare in the Greek environment -- and the return ( ascent ) of Persephone was celebrated at the autumn sowing. Pluto ( Ploutos ) represents the wealth of the grain that was stored in underground silos or ceramic jars ( pithoi ), during summer months. Similar subterranean pithoi were used in ancient times for burials and Pluto is fused with Hades, the King of the realm of the dead. During summer months, the Greek grain - Maiden ( Kore ) is lying in the grain of the underground silos in the realm of Hades, and she is fused with Persephone, the Queen of the Underworld. At the beginning of the autumn, when the seeds of the old crop are laid on the fields, she ascends and is reunited with her mother Demeter, for at that time the old crop and the new meet each other. For the initiated, this union was the symbol of the eternity of human life that flows from the generations which spring from each other. Arcadian myths ( edit ) From L-R, Artemis, Demeter, Veil of Despoina, Anytus, Tritoness from the throne of Despoina at Lycosura. National Archaeological Museum of Athens The primitive myths of isolated Arcadia seem to be related to the first Greek - speaking people who came from the north - east during the bronze age. Despoina ( the mistress ), the goddess of the Arcadian mysteries, is the daughter of Demeter and Poseidon Hippios ( horse ), who represents the river spirit of the underworld that appears as a horse as often happens in northern - European folklore. He pursues the mare - Demeter and from the union she bears the horse Arion and a daughter who originally had the form or the shape of a mare. The two goddesses were not clearly separated and they were closely connected with the springs and the animals. They were related with the god of rivers and springs ; Poseidon and especially with Artemis, the Mistress of the Animals who was the first nymph. According to the Greek tradition a hunt - goddess preceded the harvest goddess. In Arcadia, Demeter and Persephone were often called Despoinai ( Δέσποιναι, `` the mistresses '' ) in historical times. They are the two Great Goddesses of the Arcadian cults, and evidently they come from a more primitive religion. The Greek god Poseidon probably substituted the companion ( Paredros, Πάρεδρος ) of the Minoan Great goddess in the Arcadian mysteries. Seated goddess, probably Persephone on her throne in the underworld, Severe style ca 480 -- 60, found at Tarentum, Magna Graecia ( Pergamon Museum, Berlin ) Queen of the underworld ( edit ) Persephone held an ancient role as the dread queen of the Underworld, within which tradition it was forbidden to speak her name. This tradition comes from her conflation with the very old chthonic divinity Despoina ( the mistress ), whose real name could not be revealed to anyone except those initiated to her mysteries. As goddess of death she was also called a daughter of Zeus and Styx, the river that formed the boundary between Earth and the underworld. Homer describes her as the formidable, venerable majestic queen of the shades, who carries into effect the curses of men upon the souls of the dead, along with her husband Hades. In the reformulation of Greek mythology expressed in the Orphic Hymns, Dionysus and Melinoe are separately called children of Zeus and Persephone. Groves sacred to her stood at the western extremity of the earth on the frontiers of the lower world, which itself was called `` house of Persephone ''. Her central myth served as the context for the secret rites of regeneration at Eleusis, which promised immortality to initiates. Cult of Persephone ( edit ) Persephone was worshipped along with her mother Demeter and in the same mysteries. Her cults included agrarian magic, dancing, and rituals. The priests used special vessels and holy symbols, and the people participated with rhymes. In Eleusis there is evidence of sacred laws and other inscriptions. The Cult of Demeter and the Maiden is found at Attica, in the main festivals Thesmophoria and Eleusinian mysteries and in a lot of local cults. These festivals were almost always celebrated at the autumn sowing, and at full - moon according to the Greek tradition. In some local cults the feasts were dedicated to Demeter. Thesmophoria ( edit ) Main article : Thesmophoria Kore, daughter of Demeter, celebrated with her mother by the Thesmophoriazusae ( women of the festival ). Acropolis Museum, Athens Thesmophoria, were celebrated in Athens, and the festival was widely spread in Greece. This was a festival of secret women - only rituals connected with marriage customs and commemorated the third of the year, in the month Pyanepsion, when Kore was abducted and Demeter abstained from her role as goddess of harvest and growth. The ceremony involved sinking sacrifices into the earth by night and retrieving the decaying remains of pigs that had been placed in the megara of Demeter ( trenches and pits or natural clefts in rock ), the previous year. These were placed on altars, mixed with seeds, then planted. Pits rich in organic matter at Eleusis have been taken as evidence that the Thesmophoria was held there as well as in other demes of Attica. This agrarian magic was also used in the cult of the earth - goddesses potniai ( mistresses ) in the Cabeirian, and in Knidos. The festival was celebrated over three days. The first was the `` way up '' to the sacred space, the second, the day of feasting when they ate pomegranate seeds and the third was a meat feast in celebration of Kalligeneia a goddess of beautiful birth. Zeus penetrated the mysteries as Zeus - Eubuleus which is an euphemistical name of Hades ( Chthonios Zeus ). In the original myth which is an etiology for the ancient rites, Eubuleus was a swineherd who was feeding his pigs at the opening to the underworld when Persephone was abducted by Plouton. His swine were swallowed by the earth along with her. Eleusinian mysteries ( edit ) Main article : Eleusinian mysteries The Eleusinian trio : Persephone, Triptolemus and Demeter on a marble bas - relief from Eleusis, 440 -- 430 BC. National Archaeological Museum of Athens The Eleusinian mysteries was a festival celebrated at the autumn sowing in the city of Eleusis. Inscriptions refer to `` the Goddesses '' accompanied by the agricultural god Triptolemos ( probably son of Ge and Oceanus ), and `` the God and the Goddess '' ( Persephone and Plouton ) accompanied by Eubuleus who probably led the way back from the underworld. The myth was represented in a cycle with three phases : the `` descent '', the `` search '', and the `` ascent '', with contrasted emotions from sorrow to joy which roused the mystae to exultation. The main theme was the ascent of Persephone and the reunion with her mother Demeter. The festival activities included dancing, probably across the Rharian field, where according to the myth the first grain grew. At the beginning of the feast, the priests filled two special vessels and poured them out, the one towards the west, and the other towards the east. The people looking both to the sky and the earth shouted in a magical rhyme `` rain and conceive ''. In a ritual, a child was initiated from the hearth ( the divine fire ). It was the ritual of the `` divine child '' who originally was Ploutos. In the Homeric hymn the ritual is connected with the myth of the agricultural god Triptolemos The high point of the celebration was `` an ear of grain cut in silence '', which represented the force of the new life. The idea of immortality did n't exist in the mysteries at the beginning, but the initiated believed that they would have a better fate in the underworld. Death remained a reality, but at the same time a new beginning like the plant which grows from the buried seed. In the earliest depictions Persephone is an armless and legless deity, who grows out of the ground. Local cults ( edit ) A mosaic of the Kasta Tomb in Amphipolis depicting the abduction of Persephone by Pluto, 4th century BC Hades abducting Persephone, wall painting in the small royal tomb at Vergina. Macedonia, Greece Italy. Renaissance relief, Rape of Persephone. Brooklyn Museum Archives, Goodyear Archival Collection Fragment of a marble relief depicting a Kore, 3rd century BC, from Panticapaeum, Taurica ( Crimea ), Bosporan Kingdom Local cults of Demeter and Kore existed in Greece, Asia Minor, Sicily, Magna Graecia, and Libya. Attica : Athens, in the mysteries of Agrae. This was a local cult near the river Ilissos. They were celebrated during spring in the month Anthesterion. Later they became an obligation for the participants of the `` greater '' Eleusinian mysteries. There was a temple of Demeter and Kore and an image of Triptolemos. Demeter drives her horse - drawn chariot containing her daughter Persephone at Selinunte, Sicily 6th century BC Piraeus : The Skirophoria, a festival related to the Thesmophoria. Megara : Cult of Demeter thesmophoros and Kore. The city was named after its megara. Aegina : Cult of Demeter thesmophoros and Kore. Phlya, near Koropi, in the mysteries of Phlya : These have very old roots and were probably originally dedicated to Demeter Anesidora, Kore, and Zeus Ktesios, who was the god of the underground stored grain. Pausanias mentions a temple of Demeter - Anesidora, Kore Protogone, and Zeus Ktesios. The surname Protogonos, indicates a later Orphic influence. It seems that the mysteries were related to the mysteries of Andania in Messene. Boeotia : Thebes, which Zeus is said to have given to her as an acknowledgement for a favour she had bestowed upon him. Pausanias records a grove of Cabeirian Demeter and the Maid, three miles outside the gates of Thebes, where a ritual was performed, so - called on the grounds that Demeter gave it to the Cabeiri, who established it at Thebes. The Thebans told Pausanias that some inhabitants of Naupactus had performed the same rituals there, and had met with divine vengeance. The Cabeirian mysteries were introduced from Asia Minor at the end of the archaic period. Nothing is known of the older cult, and it seems that the Cabeiri were originally wine - daemons. Inscriptions from the temple in Thebes mention the old one as Cabir, and the new one as son ( pais ), who are different. According to Pausanias, Pelarge, the daughter of Potnieus, was connected with the cult of Demeter in the Cabeirian ( potniai ). A feast in Boeotia, in the month Demetrios ( Pyanepsion ), probably similar with the Thesmophoria. Thebes : Cult of Demeter and Kore in a feast named Thesmophoria but probably different. It was celebrated in the summer month Bukatios. Peloponnese ( except Arcadia ) Hermione : An old cult of Demeter Chthonia, Kore, and Klymenos ( Hades ). Cows were pushed into the temple, and then they were killed by four women. It is possible that Hermione was a mythical name, the place of the souls. Asine : Cult of Demeter Chthonia. The cult seems to be related to the original cult of Demeter in Hermione. Lakonia : Temple of Demeter Eleusinia near Taygetos. The feast was named Eleuhinia, and the name was given before the relation of Demeter with the cult of Eleusis. Lakonia at Aigila : Dedicated to Demeter. Men were excluded. near Sparta : Cult of Demeter and Kore, the Demeters ( Δαμάτερες, `` Damaters '' ). According to Hesychius, the feast lasted three days ( Thesmophoria ). Corinth : Cult of Demeter, Kore, and Pluton. Triphylia in Elis : Cult of Demeter, Kore, and Hades. Pellene : Dedicated to the Mysian Demeter. Men were excluded. The next day, men and women became naked. Andania in Messenia ( near the borders of Arcadia ) : Cult of the Great goddesses, Demeter and Hagne. Hagne, a goddess of the spring, was the original deity before Demeter. The temple was built near a spring. Arcadia Pheneos : Mysteries of Demeter Thesmia and Demeter Eleusinia. The Eleusinian cult was introduced later. The priest took the holy book from a natural cleft. He used the mask of Demeter Kidaria, and he hit his stick on the earth, in a kind of agrarian magic. An Arcadian dance was named kidaris. Pallantion near Tripoli : Cult of Demeter and Kore. Karyai : Cult of Kore and Pluton. Tegea : Cult of Demeter and Kore, the Karpophoroi, `` Fruit givers ''. Megalopolis : Cult of the Great goddesses, Demeter and Kore Sotira, `` the savior ''. Mantineia : Cult of Demeter and Kore in the fest Koragia. Trapezus : Mysteries of the Great goddesses, Demeter and Kore. The temple was built near a spring, and a fire was burning out of the earth. near Thelpusa in Onkeion : Temple of Demeter Erinys ( vengeful ) and Demeter Lusia ( bathing ). In the myth Demeter was united with Poseidon Hippios ( horse ) and bore the horse Arion and the unnamed. The name Despoina was given in West Arcadia. Phigalia : Cult of the mare - headed Demeter ( black ), and Despoina. Demeter was depicted in her archaic form, a Medusa type with a horse 's head with snaky hair, holding a dove and a dolphin. The temple was built near a spring. Lycosura, Main article : Despoina Cult of Demeter and Despoina. In the portico of the temple of Despoina there was a tablet with the inscriptions of the mysteries. In front of the temple there was an altar to Demeter and another to Despoine, after which was one of the Great Mother. By the sides stood Artemis and Anytos, the Titan who brought up Despoine. Besides the temple, there was also a hall where the Arcadians celebrated the mysteries A fire was always burning in front of the temple of Pan ( the goat - god ), the god of the wild, shepherds and flocks. In a relief appear dancing animal - headed women ( or with animal - masks ) in a procession. Near the temple have been found terracotta figures with human bodies, and heads of animals. Islands Paros : Cult of Demeter, Kore, and Zeus - Eubuleus. Amorgos : Cult of Demeter, Kore, and Zeus - Eubuleus. Delos : Cult of Demeter, Kore, and Zeus - Eubuleus. Probably a different feast with the name Thesmophoria, celebrated in a summer month ( the same month in Thebes ). Two big loaves of bread were oferred to the two goddesses. Another feast was named Megalartia. Mykonos : Cult of Demeter, Kore, and Zeus - Buleus. Crete : Cult of Demeter and Kore, in the month Thesmophorios. Rhodes : Cult of Demeter and Kore, in the month Thesmophorios. The two goddesses are the Damaters in an inscription from Lindos Asia Minor Knidos : Cult of Demeter, Kore, and Pluton. Agrarian magic similar to the one used in Thesmophoria and in the cult of the potniai ( Cabeirian ). Ephesos : Cult of Demeter and Kore, celebrated at night - time. Priene : Cult of Demeter and Kore, similar to the Thesmophoria. Sicily Head of Persephone. Earthenware. From Sicily, Centuripae, c. 420 BC. The Burrell Collection, Glasgow, UK Syracuse : There was a harvest festival of Demeter and Persephone at Syracuse when the grain was ripe ( about May ). A fest Koris katagogi, the descent of Persephone into the underworld. Magna Graecia Epizephyrian Locri : A temple associated with childbirth ; its treasure was looted by Pyrrhus. Archaeological finds suggest that worship of Demeter and Persephone was widespread in Sicily and Greek Italy. Libya Cyrene : Temple of Demeter and Kore Ancient Literary references ( edit ) Homer : Iliad : `` the gods fulfilled his curse, even Zeus of the nether world and dread Persephone. '' ( 9, line 457 ; A.T. Murray, trans ) `` Althea prayed instantly to the gods, being grieved for her brother 's slaying ; and furthermore instantly beat with her hands upon the all - nurturing earth, calling upon Hades and dread Persephone '' ( 9, 569 ) Odyssey : `` And come to the house of Hades and dread Persephone to seek sooth saying of the spirit of Theban Teiresias. To him even in death Persephone has granted reason that... '' ( book 10, card 473 ) Hymns to Demeter Hymn 2 : `` Mistress Demeter goddess of heaven, which God or mortal man has rapt away Persephone and pierced with sorrow your dear heart? ( hymn 2, card 40 ) Hymn 13 : `` I start to sing for Demeter the lovely - faced goddess, for her and her daughter the most beautiful Persephone. Hail goddess keep this city safe! '' ( hymn 13, card 1 ) Pindar Olympian : `` Now go Echo, to the dark - walled home of Persephone. '' ( book O, poem 14 ) Isthmean : `` Aecus showed them the way to the house of Persephone and nymphs, one of them carrying a ball. '' ( book 1, poem 8 ) Nemean : `` Island which Zeus, the lord of Olympus gave to Persephone ; he nodded descent with his flowers hair. '' ( book N, poem 1 ) Pythian : `` You splendor - loving city, most beautiful on earth, home of Persephone. You who inhabit the hill of well - built dwellings. '' ( book P, poem 12 ) Aeschylus Libation bearers : Electra : `` O Persephone, grant us indeed a glorious victory! '' ( card 479 ) Aristophanes Thesmophoriazusae : Mnesilochos : `` Thou Mistress Demeter, the most valuable friend and thou Persephone, grant that I may be able to offer you! '' ( card 266 ) Euripides Alcestis : `` O you brave and best hail, sitting as attendand Beside 's Hades bride Persephone! '' ( card 741 ) Hecuba : `` It is said that any of the dead that stand beside Persephone, that the Danaids have left the plains to Troy. '' ( card 130 ) Bacchylides Epinicians : `` Flashing thunderbolt went down to the halls of slender - ankled Persephone to bring up into the light of Hades. '' ( book Ep. poem 5 ) Vergil The Aeneid : `` For since she had not died through fate, or by a well - earned death, but wretchedly, before her time, inflamed with sudden madness, Proserpine had not yet taken a lock of golden hair from her head, or condemned her soul to Stygian Orcus. '' ( IV. 696 -- 99 ) Modern reception ( edit ) Main article : Persephone in popular culture In 1934, Igor Stravinsky based his melodrama Perséphone on Persephone 's story. In 1961, Frederick Ashton of the Royal Ballet appropriated Stravinsky 's score, to choreograph a ballet starring Svetlana Beriosova as Persephone. Persephone also appears many times in popular culture. Featured in a variety of young adult novels such as `` Persephone '' by Kaitlin Bevis, `` Persephone 's Orchard '' by Molly Ringle, `` The Goddess Test '' by Aimee Carter, `` The Goddess Letters '' by Carol Orlock, and `` Abandon '' by Meg Cabot, her story has also been treated by Suzanne Banay Santo in `` Persephone Under the Earth '' in the light of women 's spirituality. Here Santo treats the mythic elements in terms of maternal sacrifice to the burgeoning sexuality of an adolescent daughter. Accompanied by the classic, sensual paintings of Frederic Lord Leighton and William - Adolphe Bouguereau, Santo portrays Persephone not as a victim but as a woman in quest of sexual depth and power, transcending the role of daughter, though ultimately returning to it as an awakened Queen. See also ( edit ) Greek mythology portal Hellenismos portal Eleusinian Mysteries Rape of Persephone Anthesphoria, festival honoring Proserpina, and Persephone Notes and references ( edit ) Notes Jump up ^ The actual word in Linear B is 𐀟𐀩𐁚, pe - re - * 82 or pe - re-swa ; it is found on the PY Tn 316 tablet. Jump up ^ Empedocles was a Greek pre-Socratic philosopher who was a citizen of Agrigentum, a Greek colony in Sicily. Jump up ^ Kingsley 1995 identifies Nestis as a cult title of Persephone. Jump up ^ Hom. Hymn. to Demeter 470 : `` Awful mysteries which no one may in any way transgress or pry into or utter, for deep awe of the gods checks the voice. Happy is he among men upon earth who has seen these mysteries ; but he who is uninitiate and who has no part in them, never has lot of like good things once he is dead, down in the darkness and gloom ''. Jump up ^ `` This is the time when Zeus mated with Semele, who is also Persephone, and Dionysos was conceived. It is also the time when Dionysos took Ariadne to be His wife, and so we celebrate the marriage of the Basilinna ( religious Queen ) and the God ''. References ^ Jump up to : Martin Nilsson ( 1967 ). Die Geschichte der Griechische Religion Vol I pp 462 -- 463, 479 -- 480 Jump up ^ Fraser. The golden bough. Adonis, Attis and Osiris. Martin Nilsson ( 1967 ). Vol I, pp. 215 Jump up ^ Raymoure, K.A. `` pe - re - * 82 ''. Minoan Linear A & Mycenaean Linear B. Deaditerranean. `` PY 316 Tn ( 44 ) ''. DĀMOS : Database of Mycenaean at Oslo. University of Oslo. Jump up ^ Chadwick, John ( 1976 ). The Mycenaean World. Cambridge, UK : Cambridge University Press. p. 95. ISBN 0 - 521 - 29037 - 6. At Google Books. Jump up ^ Comments about the goddess pe - re - * 82 of Pylos tablet Tn 316, tentatively reconstructed as * Preswa `` It is tempting to see... the classical Perse... daughter of Oceanus... ; whether it may be further identified with the first element of Persephone is only speculative. '' John Chadwick. Documents in Mycenean Greek. Second Edition Jump up ^ Homer ( 1899 ). Odyssey. Clarendon Press. p. 230. Retrieved 31 March 2014. Jump up ^ H.G. Liddell and R. Scott, A Greek - English Lexicon Jump up ^ Martin P. Nilsson ( 1967 ), Die Geschichte der Griechische Religion, Volume I, C.F. Beck Verlag, p. 474. Jump up ^ R.S.P. Beekes, Etymological Dictionary of Greek, Brill, 2009, pp. 1179 -- 80. ^ Jump up to : Smith, `` Perse'phone '' Jump up ^ Cicero. De Natura Deorum 2.26 Jump up ^ Welch ( 2013 ), p. 164 Jump up ^ Christiane Sourvinou - Inwood, `` Persephone '' The Journal of Hellenic Studies 98 ( 1978 : 101 -- 121 ). Jump up ^ Peter Kingsley, in Ancient Philosophy, Mystery, and Magic : Empedocles and Pythagorean Tradition ( Oxford University Press, 1995 ). Jump up ^ Orphic Hymn 29.16 Jump up ^ Schol. ad. Theocritus 2.12 Jump up ^ In the Hymn to Melinoe, where the father is Zeus Chthonios, either Zeus in his chthonic aspect, or Pluto ; Radcliffe G. Edmonds III, `` Orphic Mythology, '' in A Companion to Greek Mythology ( Blackwell, 2011 ), p. 100. ^ Jump up to : Rhode ( 1961 ), Psyche I, pp. 206 -- 210 ^ Jump up to : Nilsson ( 1967 ) Vol I, pp. 478 -- 480 Jump up ^ Orphic Hymn 29 to Persephone Jump up ^ `` PERSEPHONE - Greek Goddess of Spring, Queen of the Underworld ( Roman Proserpina ) ''. ^ Jump up to : Nilsson ( 1967 ) Vol I, pp. 463 -- 466 ^ Jump up to : Nilsson, pp. 477 -- 480 : `` The Arcadian Great goddesses '' Jump up ^ Pausanias. Description of Greece 5.15. 4, 5, 6 Jump up ^ Kramer, Samuel Noah. Sumerian Mythology : A Study of Spiritual and Literary Achievement in the Third Millennium B.C. : Revised Edition. University of Pennsylvania Press, 1961, Philadelphia. ISBN 0 - 8122 - 1047 - 6 ( Pages 76 - 79 ) available at sacred-texts.com. `` Moreover, the crime involved is probably that of abducting a goddess ; it therefore brings to mind the Greek story of the rape of Persephone. '' Jump up ^ Homeric Hymn to Demeter, 17. Jump up ^ Nilsson ( 1967 ), Vol I, p. 463 ^ Jump up to : `` In Greek mythology Nysa is a mythical mountain with unknown location, the birthplace of the god Dionysos. '' : Fox, William Sherwood ( 1916 ), The Mythology of All Races, v. 1, Greek and Roman, General editor, Louis Herbert Gray, p. 217 ^ Jump up to : Burkert ( 1985 ), pp. 285 -- 290. ^ Jump up to : Burkert ( 1985 ) p. 42 Jump up ^ Martin Nilsson ( 1967 ) Vol I, pp. 453 -- 455 ^ Jump up to : Charon, `` glad '', probably euphemistically `` death ''. Liddell and Scott, A Greek - English Lexicon ( Oxford : Clarendon Press 1843, 1985 printing ), entries on χαροπός and χάρων, pp. 1980 -- 1981 ; Brill 's New Pauly ( Leiden and Boston 2003 ), vol. 3, entry on `` Charon '', pp. 202 -- 203. Jump up ^ Nilsson, Vol I, p. 470 Jump up ^ Dietrich `` The origins of the Greek Religion '' p. 220,221 Jump up ^ `` Kerenyi ( 1976 ), Dionysos, archetypal image of indestructible life. Princeton University Press. p. 24 ^ Jump up to : Karl Kerenyi ( 1967 ). Eleusis. Archetypal image of mother and daughter. Princeton University Press. p. 31f Jump up ^ Burkert ( 1985 ) p. 289 Jump up ^ `` According to the Greek popular belief, ἕν ἀνδρῶν, ἕν θεῶν γένος ''. ( One is the nature of men, another one the nature of gods ) : Erwin Rhode ( 1961 ), Psyche Band I, p. 293 Jump up ^ Burkert p. 12 Jump up ^ J. Frazer The Golden Bough, Part IV, Adonis, Attis and Osiris Jump up ^ F. Schachermeyer ( 1972 ), Die Minoische Kultur des alten Kreta, W. Kohlhammer Stuttgart, pp. 141, 308 Jump up ^ Burkert ( 1985 ) pp. 34 -- 40 Jump up ^ Burkert ( 1985 ) p. 40 Jump up ^ `` Hermes and the Anodos of Pherephata '' : Nilsson ( 1967 ) p. 509 taf. 39, 1 Jump up ^ Karl Kerenyi ( 1976 ), Dionysos : archetypal image of indestructible life, pp. 89, 90 ISBN 0 - 691 - 02915 - 6 Jump up ^ Hesychius, listing of ἀδνόν, a Cretan - Greek form for ἁγνόν, `` pure '' Jump up ^ Kerenyi ( 1976 ), p. 24 Jump up ^ `` To what extent one can and must differentiate between Minoan and Mycenaean religion is a question which has not yet found a conclusive answer '' :. Burkert ( 1985 ). p. 21. Jump up ^ G. Mylonas ( 1932 ). Eleusiniaka. I, 1 ff Jump up ^ Nilsson ( 1967 ), pp. 463 -- 465 Jump up ^ John Chadwick ( 1976 ). The Mycenean World. Cambridge University Press Jump up ^ `` Wa - na - ssoi, wa - na - ka - te, ( to the two queens and the king ). Wanax is best suited to Poseidon, the special divinity of Pylos. The identity of the two divinities addressed as wanassoi, is uncertain `` : George Mylonas ( 1966 ) Mycenae and the Mycenean age '' p. 159 : Princeton University Press ^ Jump up to : Dietrich p. 220,221 ^ Jump up to : `` Pausanias 8.37. 9 ''. Perseus.tufts.edu. Retrieved 6 July 2012. ^ Jump up to : `` In Greek mythology Achileus becomes immortal by the divine fire. His heel was his only mortal element, because it was not touched by the fire : Wunderlich ( 1972 ), The secret of Crete p. 134 Jump up ^ Nilsson, Vol I p. 463 ^ Jump up to : Hesiod, Theogony 914. Jump up ^ `` Loves of Hermes : Greek mythology ''. Theoi.com. Retrieved 2012 - 07 - 06. Jump up ^ Homeric Hymn to Demeter, 4 -- 20, 414 -- 434. ^ Jump up to : `` Theoi Project - Persephone ''. Theoi.com. Retrieved 2012 - 07 - 06. Jump up ^ Gantz, p. 65. Jump up ^ Gantz, p. 67. ^ Jump up to : Reference to the Thesmophoria in Lucian 's Dialogues of the Courtesans 2.1. Jump up ^ The figures are unmistakable, as they are inscribed `` Persophata, Hermes, Hekate, Demeter '' ; Gisela M.A. Richter, `` An Athenian Vase with the Return of Persephone '' The Metropolitan Museum of Art Bulletin 26. 10 ( October 1931 : 245 -- 248 ) Jump up ^ Suidas s.v. Makariai, with English translation at Suda On Line, Adler number mu 51 Jump up ^ William Hansen ( 2005 ) Classical Mythology : A Guide to the Mythical World of the Greeks and Romans ( Oxford University Press, 2005 ), pp. 180 -- 182. Jump up ^ Hansen, Classical Mythology, p. 182. ^ Jump up to : Ap. Athanassakis ( 2004 ), Hesiod. Theogony, Works and Days, Shield, Johns Hopkins University Press, p. 56. Jump up ^ The Anthesteria Archived 20 August 2007 at the Wayback Machine. Bibliotheca Arcana ( 1997 ) Jump up ^ Martin Nilsson ( 1967 ). Vol I, pp. 215 -- 219 ^ Jump up to : `` Martin Nilsson, The Greek popular religion, The religion of Eleusis, pp 51 - 54 ''. Sacred-texts.com. 2005 - 11 - 08. Retrieved 2012 - 07 - 06. Jump up ^ Martin Nilsson ( 1967 ) Vol I, pp. 473 -- 474. Jump up ^ Pausanias 2.30. 2 Jump up ^ Nilsson, VoI, p. 444 Jump up ^ Apollodorus, Library 1.3. Jump up ^ Homer. Odyssey, 10.494 Jump up ^ Orphica, 26, 71 Jump up ^ Odyssey 10.491, 10.509 Jump up ^ Károly Kerényi, Eleusis : Archetypal Image of Mother and Daughter, 1967, passim Jump up ^ Burkert ( 1985 ), pp. 285 -- 289 ^ Jump up to : Burkert ( 1985 ), pp. 240 -- 243 Jump up ^ Clinton, Greek Sanctuaries, p. 113. ^ Jump up to : Potniai : Pelarge daughter of Potnieus is connected with the cult of Demeter in the Cabeirian : Pausanias 9.25, 8, Nilsson ( 1967 ) Vol I pp. 151, 463 Jump up ^ Pseudo Apollodorus Biblioteca IV. 2 Jump up ^ Kevin Klinton ( 1993 ), Greek Sanctuaries : New Approaches, Routledge, p. 11 Jump up ^ Nilsson ( 1967 ) Vol I, pp. 463 -- 465 Jump up ^ Pausanias 1.14, 1 : Nilsson ( 1967 ), Vol I, pp. 668 -- 670 Jump up ^ Pausanias I 42, 6, Nilsson ( 1967 ), Vol I, p. 463 ^ Jump up to : Nilsson ( 1967 ), Vol I, pp. 668 -- 670 Jump up ^ Scholia ad. Euripides Phoen. 487 Jump up ^ Pausanias 9.25. 5 ^ Jump up to : Diodorus Siculus ( v. 4.7 ) : `` At Thebes or Delos the festival occurred two months earlier, so any seed - sowing connection was not intrinsic. '' Jump up ^ For Mantinea, see Brill 's New Pauly `` Persephone '', II D. Jump up ^ L.H. Jeffery ( 1976 ). Archaic Greece : The Greek city states c. 800 -- 500 B.C ( Ernest Benn Limited ) p. 23 ISBN 0 - 510 - 03271 - 0 Jump up ^ `` Pausanias 8.37. 1, 8.38. 2 ''. Theoi.com. Retrieved 2012 - 07 - 06. Jump up ^ `` Reconstruction of interior of Sanctuary of Despoina ''. Perseus.tufts.edu. Retrieved 2012 - 07 - 06. Jump up ^ Herodotus VI, 16 : Nilsson ( 1967 ), Vol I, p. 464 Jump up ^ Brill 's New Pauly, `` Persephone '', citing Diodorus 5.4 Jump up ^ Livy : 29.8, 29.18 ^ Jump up to : `` perseus tufts - persephone ''. Perseus.tufts.edu. Retrieved 2012 - 07 - 06. Jump up ^ `` Virgil : Aeneid IV ''. Poetryintranslation.com. Retrieved 2012 - 07 - 06. Jump up ^ `` Persephone ( Daughters of Zeus, # 1 ) ''. Jump up ^ `` Persephone 's Orchard ''. Jump up ^ Santo, Suzanne Banay ( 2012 ). Persephone Under the Earth. Red Butterfly Publications. ISBN 0 - 9880914 - 0 - 2. Sources ( edit ) Apollodorus, Apollodorus, The Library, with an English Translation by Sir James George Frazer, F.B.A., F.R.S. in 2 Volumes, Cambridge, MA, Harvard University Press ; London, William Heinemann Ltd. 1921. Bowra Maurice ( 1957 ), The Greek experience. The World Publishing Company, Cleveland and New York. Burkert Walter ( 1985 ). Greek Religion. Harvard University Press. ISBN 0 - 674 - 36281 - 0 Farnell, Lewis Richard ( 1906 ), The Cults of the Greek States, Volume 3 ( Chapters on : Demeter and Kore - Persephone ; Cult - Monuments of Demeter - Kore ; Ideal Types of Demeter - Kore ). Gantz, Early Greek Myth : A Guide to Literary and Artistic Sources, Johns Hopkins University Press, 1996, Two volumes : ISBN 978 - 0 - 8018 - 5360 - 9 ( Vol. 1 ), ISBN 978 - 0 - 8018 - 5362 - 3 ( Vol. 2 ). Homer, The Iliad with an English Translation by A.T. Murray, Ph. D. in two volumes, Cambridge, MA., Harvard University Press ; London, William Heinemann, Ltd. 1924. Homer, The Odyssey with an English Translation by A.T. Murray, PH. D. in two volumes. Cambridge, MA., Harvard University Press ; London, William Heinemann, Ltd. 1919. Janda, Michael ( 2010 ), Die Musik nach dem Chaos. Innsbruck Kerenyi Karl ( 1967 ), Eleusis : Archetypal image of mother and daughter. Princeton University Press. Kerenyi, Karl ( 1976 ), Dionysos : Archetypal Image of Indestructible Life, Princeton : Bollingen, Google Books preview Nilsson Martin ( 1967 ), Die Geschichte der Griechischen Religion, Vol I, C.F Beck Verlag, Muenchen. Revised ed. Nilsson Martin ( 1950 ), Minoan - Mycenaean Religion, and its Survival in Greek Religion, Lund : Gleerup. Revised 2nd ed. Pausanias, Pausanias Description of Greece with an English Translation by W.H.S. Jones, Litt. D., and H.A. Ormerod, M.A., in 4 Volumes, Cambridge, MA, Harvard University Press ; London, William Heinemann Ltd. 1918. Rohde Erwin ( 1961 ), Psyche. Seelenkult und Unsterblichkeitsglaube der Griechen. Wissenschaftliche Buchgesellshaft. Darmstad. ( First edition 1893 ) : full text in German downloadable as pdf. Rohde Erwin ( 2000 ), Psyche : The Cult of Souls and the Belief in Immortality among the Greeks, trans. from the 8th edn. by W.B. Hillis ( London : Routledge & Kegan Paul, 1925 ; reprinted by Routledge, 2000 ), online Schachermeyr Fritz ( 1964 ), Die Minoische Kultur des alten Kreta, W. Kohlhammer Verlag Stuttgart. Stephen King ( 2008 ), Duma Key Smith, William ; Dictionary of Greek and Roman Biography and Mythology, London ( 1873 ). `` Perse'phone '' Anthony Welch ( 2013 ), The Renaissance Epic and the Oral Past. Yale University Press. ISBN 0300178867 Zuntz Günther ( 1973 ), Persephone : Three Essays on Religion and Thought in Magna Graecia External links ( edit ) Wikimedia Commons has media related to Persephone. Look up persephone in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. Martin Nilsson. The Greek popular religion Adams John Paul. Mycenean divinities Theoi project : Persephone Goddess Theoi project : The Rape of Persephone The Princeton Encyclopedia of classical sites : Despoina Theoi project : Despoine Kore Photographs Flickr users ' photos tagged with Persephone Ancient Greek deities by affiliation Primordial deities Achlys Aether Aion / Chronos Ananke Chaos Erebus Eros / Phanes Gaia Hemera Nyx The Ourea Pontus / Thalassa Tartarus Uranus Fates Atropos Clotho Lachesis Titan deities Titanes ( male ) Coeus Crius Cronus Hyperion Iapetus Oceanus Ophion Titanides ( female ) Dione Eurybia Mnemosyne Phoebe Rhea Tethys Theia Themis Hyperionides Eos Helios Selene Koionides Asteria Leto Lelantos Krionides Astraeus Pallas Perses Iapetionides Atlas Epimetheus Menoetius Prometheus Mousai ( Muses ) Aoide Arche Melete Mneme Olympian deities Dodekatheon Aphrodite Apollo Ares Artemis Athena Demeter Dionysus Hephaestus Hera Hermes Hestia Poseidon Zeus Theoi Olympioi Asclepius Deimos Ganymede Eileithyia Enyo Eris Iris Harmonia Hebe Heracles Paean Pan Phobos Mousai ( Muses ) Daughters of Zeus Calliope Clio Euterpe Erato Melpomene Polyhymnia Terpsichore Thalia Urania Daughters of Apollo Apollonis Borysthenis Cephisso Muses of the Lyre Hypate Mese Nete Muses at Sicyon Polymatheia Charites ( Graces ) Aglaea Antheia Euphrosyne Hegemone Pasithea Thalia Horae ( Hours ) Dike Eirene Eunomia Styktides Bia Kratos Nike Zelos Aquatic deities Theoi Halioi Amphitrite Benthesikyme Brizo Calypso Ceto Glaucus The Ichthyocentaurs Kymopoleia Leucothea Melicertes Nereus Nerites The Nesoi Oceanus Phorcys Pontus / Thalassa Poseidon Proteus Rhodos Tethys Thaumas Thetis Triton Oceanids Acaste Admete Adrasteia Amalthea Asia Callirrhoe Ceto Clytie Dione Dodone Doris Electra Eurynome Idyia Melia Metis Nemesis Perse Pleione Plouto Styx Telesto Zeuxo Nereides Amphitrite Arethusa Dynamene Galatea Galene Psamathe Thetis Potamoi Achelous Almo Alpheus Anapos Asopus Asterion Axius Caanthus Cebren Cephissus Clitumnus Enipeus Kladeos Meander Nilus Numicus Phyllis Peneus Rivers of the Underworld Cocytus Eridanos Lethe Phlegethon Styx Sangarius Scamander Simoeis Strymon Naiads Aegina Achiroe Aganippe The Anigrides Argyra Bistonis Bolbe Caliadne Cassotis Castalia Cleocharia Creusa Daphne Drosera Harpina The Ionides Ismenis Larunda Lilaea Liriope Melite Metope Minthe Moria Nana Nicaea Orseis Pallas Pirene Salmacis Stilbe The Thriae Corycia Kleodora Melaina Tiasa Chthonic deities Theoi Chthonioi Angelos Demeter Gaia Hades Hecate The Lampads Macaria Melinoë Persephone Zagreus Erinyes ( Furies ) Alecto Megaera Tisiphone Earthborn Cyclopes Gigantes Hecatonchires Kouretes Meliae Telchines Typhon Apotheothenai Trophonius Triptolemus Orpheus Aeacus Minos Rhadamanthus Personifications Children of Nyx Achlys Apate Dolos Eleos Elpis Epiphron Eris Geras Hesperides Hybris Hypnos Ker The Keres The Moirai Aisa Clotho Lachesis Momus Moros Oizys The Oneiroi Epiales Morpheus Phantasos Phobetor Nemesis Philotes Sophrosyne Thanatos Children of Eris Algos Amphillogiai Ate The Androktasiai Dysnomia Horkos Hysminai Lethe Limos Machai Phonoi Ponos Neikea Pseudea Logoi Children of other gods Aergia Aidos Alala Aletheia Angelia Arete Bia Caerus The Younger Charites Eucleia Eupheme Euthenia Philophrosyne Corus Deimos The Erotes Anteros Eros Hedylogos Hermaphroditus Hymen Eupraxia Hedone Homonoia Iacchus Kratos The Litae Homonoia Nike Peitho Phobos Tyche Zelos Others Adephagia Alala Alke Amechania Anaideia Alastor Apheleia Aporia The Arae Dikaiosyne Dyssebeia Ekecheiria Eulabeia Eusebeia Gelos Heimarmene Homados Horme Ioke Kakia Kalokagathia Koalemos Kydoimos Lyssa The Maniae Methe Nomos Palioxis Peitharchia Penia Penthus Pepromene Pheme Philotes Phrike Phthonus Pistis Poine Polemos Poros Praxidike Proioxis Prophasis Roma Soter Soteria Techne Thrasos Other deities Sky deities The Anemoi The Astra Planeti Stilbon Eosphorus Hesperus Pyroeis Phaethon Phaenon Aura Chione The Hesperides The Hyades Nephele The Pleiades Alcyone Sterope Celaeno Electra Maia Merope Taygete Agricultural deities Aphaea Ariadne Carmanor Demeter Despoina Eunostus Philomelus Plutus Health deities Asclepius Aceso Epione Iaso Hygieia Panacea Telesphorus Rustic deities Aetna The Alseids The Auloniads Amphictyonis The Anthousai Aristaeus Attis Britomartis The Cabeiri Comus The Dryades Erato Eurydice The Hamadryades Chrysopeleia The Epimeliades Hecaterus Leuce Ma The Maenades The Meliae The Napaeae The Nymphai Hyperboreioi The Oreads Adrasteia Echo Helike Iynx Nomia Oenone Pitys The Pegasides Priapus Rhapso Silenus Telete Others Acratopotes Adrasteia Agdistis Alexiares and Anicetus Aphroditus Astraea Circe Eiresione Enyalius Harpocrates Ichnaea Palaestra Ancient Greek religion and mythology Classical religious forms Ancient Greek religion Gnosticism Paleo - Balkan mythology Proto - Indo - European religion Hellenistic religion Alchemy Orphism Pythagoreanism Mycenaean deities Mystery religions and sacred mysteries Dionysian Mysteries Eleusinian Mysteries Imbrian Mysteries Mithraism Samotracian Mysteries Main beliefs Apotheosis Euhemerism Greek Heroic Age Interpretatio graeca Monism Mythology Nympholepsy Paganism Paradoxography Polytheism Theism Texts / epic poems / odes Aretalogy Argonautica Bibliotheca Cyranides Derveni papyrus Ehoiai Greek Magical Papyri Homeric Hymns Iliad Odyssey Papyrus Graecus Holmiensis Sibylline Books Telegony The golden verses of Pythagoras Theogony Works and Days Epic Cycle Theban Cycle Rites and practices Amphictyonic League Amphidromia Animal sacrifice Apotheosis Baptes Curse tablet Daduchos Delphinion Funeral and burial practices Hymns Hero cult Heroon Hierophany Hierophant Hierophylakes Hieros gamos Hypsistarians Iatromantis Interpretatio graeca Libations Mystagogue Nekyia Necromancy Necromanteion Nymphaeum Panegyris Pharmakos Prayers Orgia Sacrifices Temenos Temples Votive offerings Sacred places Oracle Sanctuaries - Necromanteion Aornum Delphi Didymaion Dodona Oracle of Menestheus Athenian sacred ships Cave of Zeus - Aydın Cave of Zeus - Crete Cretea Delos Eleusis Hiera Orgas Olympia Olympus Psychro Cave Sacred Way Mythical beings Dragons in Greek mythology Greek mythological creatures Greek mythological figures List of minor Greek mythological figures Deities Primordial deities Aether Aion Ananke Chaos Chronos Erebus Eros Gaia Hemera Nyx Phanes Pontus Thalassa Tartarus Uranus Titans First generation Coeus Crius Cronus Hyperion Iapetus Mnemosyne Oceanus Phoebe Rhea Tethys Theia Themis Second generation Asteria Astraeus Atlas Eos Epimetheus Helios Leto Menoetius Metis Pallas Perses Prometheus Selene Third generation Hecate Hesperus Phosphorus Twelve Olympians Aphrodite Apollo Ares Artemis Athena Demeter Dionysus Hephaestus Hera Hermes Hestia Poseidon Zeus Aquatic deities Amphitrite Alpheus Ceto Glaucus The Naiads The Nereids Nereus The Oceanids Phorcys Poseidon The Potamoi Potamides Proteus Scamander Thaumas Thetis Triton Love deities Erotes Anteros Eros Hedylogos Hermaphroditus Himeros Hymen / Hymenaeus Pothos Aphrodite Aphroditus Philotes Peitho War deities Adrestia Alala Alke Amphillogiai Androktasiai Ares Athena Bia Deimos Enyalius Enyo Eris Gynaecothoenas Homados Hysminai Ioke Keres Kratos Kydoimos Ma Machai Nike Palioxis Pallas Perses Phobos Phonoi Polemos Proioxis Chthonic deities Psychopomps Hermanubis Hermes Thanatos Achlys Angelos Hades / Pluto Hecate Hypnos Keres Lampad Macaria Melinoe Persephone Health deities Aceso Aegle Artemis Apollo Asclepius Chiron Eileithyia Epione Hebe Hygieia Iaso Paean Panacea Telesphorus Sleep deities Empusa Epiales Hypnos Morpheus Pasithea Phantasos Phobetor Oneiroi Messenger deities Angelia Arke Hermes Iris Trickster deities Apate Dolos Hermes Momus Magic deities Circe Hecate Hermes Trismegistus Triple deity Other major deities Azone The Erinyes Harmonia The Muses Nemesis Pan Unknown God Zelus Heroes / heroines Abderus Achilles Actaeon Aeneas Argonauts Ajax the Great Ajax the Lesser Akademos Amphiaraus Amphitryon Antilochus Atalanta Autolycus Bellerophon Bouzyges Cadmus Chrysippus Cyamites Daedalus Diomedes Dioscuri ( Castor and Pollux ) Echetlus Eleusis Erechtheus Eunostus Ganymede Hector Heracles Icarus Iolaus Jason Meleager Odysseus Oedipus Orpheus Pandion Peleus Pelops Penthesilea Perseus Theseus Triptolemus Mythical tribes Amazons Anthropophage Atlantians Bebryces Curetes Dactyls Gargareans Halizones Korybantes Lapiths Lotus - eaters Myrmidons Pygmies Telchines Oracles / seers Aesacus Aleuas Amphiaraus Amphilochus Ampyx Anius Asbolus Bakis Branchus Calchas Carnus Carya Cassandra Delphic Sibyl Elatus Ennomus Epimenides Halitherses Helenus Iamus Idmon Manto Melampus Mopsus Munichus Phineus Polyeidos Polypheides Pythia Sibyl Telemus Theiodamas Theoclymenus Tiresias Magic Apotropaic magic Greek Magical Papyri Pella curse tablet Philia Mythical realms Aethiopia Atlantis Hyperborea Libya Nysa Ogygia Panchaia Scythia Themiscyra Underworld Entrances to the underworld Rivers Acheron Cocytus Eridanos Lethe Phlegethon Styx Lakes / swamps Acherusia Avernus Lake Lerna Lake Caves Cave at Cape Matapan Cave Charonium Cave at Lake Avernus Cave at Heraclea Pontica Ploutonion Pluto 's Gate Places Elysium Erebus Fields of Asphodel Fields of Punishment Isles of the Blessed Tartarus Judges of the underworld Aeacus Minos Rhadamanthus Guards Cerberus Ferryman Charon Charon 's obol Symbols / objects Bident Cap of invisibility Animals / daemons / spirits Ascalaphus Ceuthonymus Eurynomos Hade 's cattle Mythological wars Amazonomachy Attic War Centauromachy Gigantomachy Cranes - Pygmies war Theomachy Titanomachy Trojan War Mythological and religious objects Adamant Aegis Ambrosia Apple of Discord Ara Baetylus Caduceus Cornucopia Dragon 's teeth Diipetes Galatea Golden apple Golden Fleece Gorgoneion Greek terracotta figurines Harpe Ichor Lotus tree Minoan sealstone Moly Necklace of Harmonia Omphalos Orichalcum Palladium Panacea Pandora 's box Petasos ( Winged helmet ) Philosopher 's stone Ring of Gyges Rod of Asclepius Sacrificial tripod Sceptre Shield of Achilles Shirt of Nessus Sword of Damocles Talaria Thunderbolt Thymiaterion Thyrsus Trident Trojan Horse Winnowing Oar Wheel of Fortune Wheel of fire Xoanon Symbols Arkalochori Axe Labrys Ouroboros Owl of Athena Mythological powers Anthropomorphism Divination Eternal youth Evocation Fortune - telling Immortality Language of the birds Nympholepsy Magic Ornithomancy Shamanism Shapeshifting Weather modification Storage containers / cups Amphora Calathus Chalice Ciborium Cotyla Hydria Hydriske Kalpis Kylix Kantharos Lebes Lekythos Loutrophoros Oenochoe Pelike Pithos Skyphos Stamnos Musical Instruments Aulos Barbiton Chelys Cithara Cochilia Crotalum ( Castanets ) Epigonion Kollops Lyre Pan flute Pandura Phorminx Psaltery Salpinx Sistrum Tambourine Trigonon Tympanum Water organ Games Panhellenic Games Olympic Games Pythian Games Nemean Games Isthmian Games Agon Panathenaic Games Rhieia Festivals / feasts Actia Adonia Agrionia Amphidromia Anthesteria Apellai Apaturia Aphrodisia Arrhephoria Ascolia Bendidia Boedromia Brauronia Buphonia Chalceia Diasia Delphinia Dionysia Ecdysia Elaphebolia Gamelia Haloa Heracleia Hermaea Hieromenia Iolaia Kronia Lenaia Lykaia Metageitnia Munichia Oschophoria Pamboeotia Pandia Plynteria Pyanopsia Skira Synoikia Soteria Tauropolia Thargelia Theseia Thesmophoria Vessels Argo Phaeacian ships Modern offshoot religions Discordianism Gaianism Greco - Buddhism Hellenismos Decline of Greco - Roman polytheism Modern popular culture Greek mythology in popular culture GND : 118511181 LCCN : no2014090208 VIAF : 25393432 Retrieved from `` https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Persephone&oldid=853636674 '' Categories : Greek goddesses Queens in Greek mythology Life - death - rebirth goddesses Eleusinian Mysteries Underworld goddesses Greek death goddesses Greek underworld Divine women of Zeus Chthonic beings Offspring of Demeter Rape of Persephone Mythological rape victims Nature goddesses Hidden categories : Articles containing Mycenaean Greek - language text Articles containing Ancient Greek - language text Webarchive template wayback links Articles having same image on Wikidata and Wikipedia Articles containing Greek - language text Use dmy dates from March 2011 Wikipedia articles with GND identifiers Wikipedia articles with LCCN identifiers Wikipedia articles with VIAF identifiers Talk Contents About Wikipedia Afrikaans Azərbaycanca বাংলা Bân - lâm - gú Беларуская Беларуская ( тарашкевіца ) Български Boarisch Bosanski Brezhoneg Català Čeština Corsu Cymraeg Dansk Deutsch Eesti Ελληνικά Español Esperanto Euskara فارسی Français Gaeilge Galego 한국어 Հայերեն हिन्दी Hrvatski Bahasa Indonesia Italiano עברית Basa Jawa ქართული Latina Latviešu Lëtzebuergesch Lietuvių Magyar Македонски മലയാളം मराठी Nederlands 日本 語 Norsk Polski Português Română Русский Sardu Scots Simple English Slovenčina Slovenščina Српски / srpski Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски Suomi Svenska Tagalog Татарча / tatarça ไทย Türkçe Українська Tiếng Việt Winaray 中文 58 more Edit links This page was last edited on 6 August 2018, at 02 : 28 ( UTC ). Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution - ShareAlike License ; additional terms may apply. By using this site, you agree to the Terms of Use and Privacy Policy. Wikipedia ® is a registered trademark of the Wikimedia Foundation, Inc., a non-profit organization. About Wikipedia",
"title": "Persephone",
"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org//w/index.php?title=Persephone&oldid=853636674"
} | in greek mythology who was the goddess of spring growth | [
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"places ( show ) Eleusis Delphi Delos Dodona Mount Olympus Olympia Texts ( show ) Argonautica Bibliotheca Corpus Hermeticum Delphic maxims Dionysiaca Epic Cycle Homeric Hymns Iliad Odyssey Orphic Hymns Theogony Works and Days History ( show ) Mycenaean gods Decline of Hellenistic polytheism Julian restoration Hellenismos portal In Greek mythology, Persephone ( / pərˈsɛfəni / ; Greek : Περσεφόνη ), also called Kore ( / ˈkɔːriː / ; `` the maiden '' ), is the daughter of Zeus and Demeter and is the queen of the underworld. Homer describes her as the formidable, venerable majestic princess of the underworld, who carries into effect the curses of men upon the souls of the dead. Persephone was married to Hades, the god of the underworld. The myth of her abduction represents her function as the personification of vegetation, which shoots forth in spring and withdraws into the earth after harvest ; hence, she is also associated with spring as well as the fertility of vegetation. Similar myths appear in the Orient, in the cults of male gods like Attis, Adonis, and Osiris, and in Minoan Crete."
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"text": "Colony ( Biology ) - wikipedia Colony ( Biology ) Jump to : navigation, search In biology, a colony is composed of two or more conspecific individuals living in close association with, or connected to, one another. This association is usually for mutual benefit such as stronger defense or the ability to attack bigger prey. It is a cluster of identical cells ( clones ) on the surface of ( or within ) a solid medium, usually derived from a single parent cell, as in bacterial colony. In contrast, a solitary organism is one in which all individuals live independently and have all of the functions needed to survive and reproduce. Colonies, in the context of development, may be composed of two or more unitary ( or solitary ) organisms or be modular organisms. Unitary organisms have determinate development ( set life stages ) from zygote to adult form and individuals or groups of individuals ( colonies ) are visually distinct. Modular organisms have indeterminate growth forms ( life stages not set ) through repeated iteration of genetically identical modules ( or individuals ), and it can be difficult to distinguish between the colony as a whole and the modules within. In the latter case, modules may have specific functions within the colony. Some organisms are primarily independent and form facultative colonies in reply to environmental conditions while others must live in a colony to survive ( obligate ). For example, some carpenter bees will form colonies when a dominant hierarchy is formed between two or more nest foundresses ( facultative colony ), while corals are animals that are physically connected by living tissue ( the coenosarc ) that contains a shared gastrovascular cavity. Contents ( hide ) 1 Colony types 1.1 Social colonies 1.2 Modular organisms 1.3 Microbial colonies 2 Life history 3 See also 4 References Colony types ( edit ) Social colonies ( edit ) A breeding colony of Northern gannets on the Heligoland archipelago in the North Sea. Unicellular and multicellular unitary organisms may aggregate to form colonies. For example, Protists such as slime molds are many unicellular organisms that aggregate to form colonies when food resources are hard to come by, as together they are more reactive to chemical cues released by preferred prey. Eusocial insects like ants and honey bees are multicellular animals that live in colonies with a highly organized social structure. Colonies of some social insects may be deemed superorganisms. Animals such as humans and rodents form breeding or nesting colonies, potentially for more successful mating and to better protect offspring. The Bracken Cave is the summer home to a colony of around 20 million Mexican free - tailed bats making it the largest known concentration of mammals. Modular organisms ( edit ) Modular organisms are those in which a genet ( or genetic individual formed from a sexually - produced zygote ) asexually reproduces to form genetically identical clones called ramets. A clonal colony is when the ramets of a genet live in close proximity or are physically connected. Ramets may have all of the functions needed to survive on their own or be interdependent on other ramets. For example, some sea anemones go through the process of pedal laceration in which a genetically identical individual is asexually produced from tissue broken off from the anemone 's pedal disc. In plants, clonal colonies are created through the propagation of genetically identical trees by stolons or rhizomes. Colonial organisms are clonal colonies composed of many physically connected, interdependent individuals. Colonial organisms can be unicellular, as in the alga Volvox ( a coenobium ), or multicellular, as in the phylum Bryozoa. The former type may have been the first step toward multicellular organisms. Individuals within a multicellular colonial organism may be called ramets, modules, or zooids. Structural and functional variation ( polymorphism ), when present, designates ramet responsibilities such as feeding, reproduction, and defense. To that end, being physically connected allows the colonial organism to distribute nutrients and energy obtained by feeding zooids throughout the colony. An example of colonial organisms that is well known are hydrozoans, like Portuguese man o ' wars. Microbial colonies ( edit ) A microbial colony is defined as a visible cluster of microorganisms growing on the surface of or within a solid medium, presumably cultured from a single cell. Because the colony is clonal, with all organisms in it descending from a single ancestor ( assuming no contamination ), they are genetically identical, except for any mutations ( which occur at low frequencies ). Obtaining such genetically identical organisms ( or pure strains ) can be useful ; this is done by spreading organisms on a culture plate and starting a new stock from a single resulting colony. A biofilm is a colony of microorganisms often comprising several species, with properties and capabilities greater than the aggregate of capabilities of the individual organisms. Life history ( edit ) Individuals in social colonies and modular organisms receive benefit to such a lifestyle. For example, it may be easier to seek out food, defend a nesting site, or increase competitive ability against other species. Modular organisms ' ability to reproduce asexually in addition to sexually allows them unique benefits that social colonies do not have. The energy required for sexual reproduction varies based on the frequency and length of reproductive activity, number and size of offspring, and parental care. While solitary individuals bear all of those energy costs, individuals in some social colonies share a portion of those costs. Modular organisms save energy by using asexual reproduction during their life. Energy reserved in this way allows them to put more energy towards colony growth, regenerating lost modules ( due to predation or other cause of death ), or response to environmental conditions. See also ( edit ) Look up colony in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. Ant colony Beehive ( beekeeping ) Bird colony Clonal colony Colonisation ( biology ) Coral reef Eusociality Superorganism Swarm Birth colony Austroplatypus incompertus References ( edit ) Jump up ^ Jackson, J.B.C. ( 1977 ). `` Competition on Marine Hard Substrata : The Adaptive Significance of Solitary and Colonial Strategies ''. The American Naturalist. 111 ( 980 ) : 743 -- 767. doi : 10.1086 / 283203. Jump up ^ `` Colony -- Biology - Online Dictionary ''. www.biology-online.org. Retrieved 2017 - 05 - 06. Jump up ^ Begon, Michael ; et al. ( 2014 ). Essentials of Ecology ( 4th ed. ). Wiley. ISBN 0 - 470 - 90913 - 7. Jump up ^ Dunn, T. ; Richards, M.H. ( 2003 ). `` When to bee social : interactions among environmental constraints, incentives, guarding, and relatedness in a facultatively social carpenter bee ''. Behavioral Ecology. 14 ( 3 ) : 417 -- 424. doi : 10.1093 / beheco / 14.3. 417. Jump up ^ Grove, Noel ( December 1988 ). `` Quietly Conserving Nature ''. National Geographic. 174 ( 6 ) : 822. ^ Jump up to : Winston, J. ( 2010 ). `` Life in the Colonies : Learning the Alien Ways of Colonial Organisms ''. Integrative and Comparative Biology. 50 ( 6 ) : 919 -- 933. doi : 10.1093 / icb / icq146. PMID 21714171. Jump up ^ Alberts, Bruce ; et al. ( 1994 ). Molecular Biology of the Cell ( 3rd ed. ). New York : Garland Science. ISBN 0 - 8153 - 1620 - 8. Retrieved 2014 - 06 - 11. Jump up ^ `` Hydrozoa ''. Animal Diversity Web. Retrieved 2017 - 05 - 06. Jump up ^ Tortora, Gerard J. ; Berdell R., Funke ; Christine L., Case ( 2009 ). Microbiology, An Introduction. Berlin : Benjamin Cummings. pp. 170 -- 171. ISBN 0 - 321 - 58420 - 1. Jump up ^ Kunz, T.H. ; Orrell, K.S. ( 2004 ). `` Energy Costs of Reproduction ''. Encyclopedia of Energy. 5 : 423 -- 442. Retrieved from `` https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Colony_(biology)&oldid=835462497 '' Categories : Community ecology Microbiology terms Habitat Environmental terminology Talk Contents About Wikipedia Azərbaycanca भोजपुरी Català Čeština Deutsch Eesti Ελληνικά Español Esperanto Français 한국어 Հայերեն Hrvatski Íslenska Italiano Kurdî Кыргызча Lietuvių Nederlands Norsk Polski Português Русский Simple English Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски Suomi Svenska Українська Tiếng Việt 21 more Edit links This page was last edited on 8 April 2018, at 21 : 15. Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution - ShareAlike License ; additional terms may apply. By using this site, you agree to the Terms of Use and Privacy Policy. Wikipedia ® is a registered trademark of the Wikimedia Foundation, Inc., a non-profit organization. About Wikipedia",
"title": "Colony (biology)",
"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org//w/index.php?title=Colony_(biology)&oldid=835462497"
} | benefits of colonial life for single celled organisms | [
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"text": "The Man in the High Castle ( TV series ) - Wikipedia The Man in the High Castle ( TV series ) Jump to : navigation, search The Man in the High Castle Genre Alternate history Drama Dystopia Thriller Science fiction Created by Frank Spotnitz Based on The Man in the High Castle by Philip K. Dick Starring Alexa Davalos Rupert Evans Luke Kleintank DJ Qualls Joel de la Fuente Cary - Hiroyuki Tagawa Rufus Sewell Brennan Brown Callum Keith Rennie Bella Heathcote Opening theme `` Edelweiss '', performed by Jeanette Olsson Composer ( s ) Henry Jackman Dominic Lewis Country of origin United States Original language ( s ) English No. of seasons No. of episodes 20 ( list of episodes ) Production Executive producer ( s ) Ridley Scott Frank Spotnitz Christian Baute Isa Dick Hackett Stewart Mackinnon Christopher Tricarico Producer ( s ) Michael Cedar Jean Higgins Jordan Sheehan David W. Zucker Location ( s ) Seattle, Washington Monroe, Washington Vancouver, British Columbia Cinematography James Hawkinson Gonzalo Amat Editor ( s ) Kathrynn Himoff Running time 48 -- 60 minutes Production company ( s ) Amazon Studios Scott Free Productions Electric Shepherd Productions Headline Pictures Big Light Productions Picrow Reunion Pictures Distributor Amazon.com Release Original network Amazon Video Original release January 15, 2015 ( 2015 - 01 - 15 ) -- present External links Website www.amazon.com/The-Man-High-Castle/dp/B00RSGFRY8 The Man in the High Castle is an American dystopian alternative history television series produced by Amazon Studios, Scott Free Productions, Headline Pictures, Electric Shepherd Productions and Big Light Productions. The series is loosely based on the 1962 novel of the same name by science fiction author Philip K. Dick. In the series ' alternate version of 1962 America, the Axis powers have won World War II and divided the United States into two puppet states : the Greater Nazi Reich and the Japanese Pacific States. The series follows characters whose destinies intertwine after coming into contact with a series of propaganda films that show a vastly different history from that of their own. Premiering in January 2015, the pilot was Amazon 's `` most - watched since the original series development program began. '' The next month Amazon ordered episodes to fill out a ten - episode season, which was released in November, to positive reviews. A second season of ten episodes premiered in December 2016, with a third season announced a few weeks later to be released in 2018. Contents ( hide ) 1 Synopsis 1.1 Season one 1.2 Season two 2 Cast 2.1 Main 2.2 Recurring 2.2. 1 John Smith 's family 2.2. 2 Juliana Crain 's family 2.2. 3 Nobusuke Tagomi 's family 2.2. 4 Historical figures 3 Episodes 3.1 Season 1 ( 2015 ) 3.2 Season 2 ( 2016 ) 4 Production 5 Reception 5.1 Accolades 5.2 Advertising controversy 6 See also 7 References 8 External links Synopsis ( edit ) Season one ( edit ) The central characters are Juliana Crain, Frank Frink, Joe Blake, John Smith, Nobusuke Tagomi, and Takeshi Kido. The series takes place in an alternate 1962. Flag of the Greater Nazi Reich in America Flag of the Japanese Pacific States Juliana Crain is a San Francisco woman who becomes entangled with the resistance when her half - sister Trudy is killed by the Kempeitai, just after giving Juliana a film reel that contains newsreel - style footage depicting an alternate history in which the Allies won World War II and Germany and Japan were defeated. The film is entitled The Grasshopper Lies Heavy, and is part of a series of similar newsreels being collected by someone referred to as `` The Man in the High Castle ''. Juliana believes the newsreel reflects some sort of alternate reality and that it is part of some kind of larger truth about how the world should be. Her boyfriend, Frank Frink ( who keeps his Jewish roots hidden in order to avoid extradition and death at the hands of the Nazis ), believes that the newsreel has no relation to real - life events. Juliana learns Trudy was carrying the film to Canon City, Colorado, in the Neutral Zone, where she was going to meet someone. Juliana decides to travel there in Trudy 's place to find out what her half - sister 's mission was. When she arrives in Canon City, she encounters Joe Blake. Blake is a 27 - year - old New Yorker who is a double agent working for the Nazis under Obergruppenführer John Smith, a former US Army officer who joined the Nazis and rose through the ranks to become a senior officer in the SS. Blake is pretending to be a member of the resistance while he searches for the resistance contact in Canon City, which is Juliana, substituting for Trudy. Nobusuke Tagomi is a high - ranking Japanese official ( the Trade Minister ) in San Francisco. He meets in secret with Nazi official Rudolph Wegener, who is traveling incognito as Swedish businessman Victore Baynes. Tagomi and Wegener are concerned about the power vacuum that will exist when the Reich 's Führer Adolf Hitler dies, or is forced to step down due to his worsening Parkinson 's disease. Wegener explains that Hitler 's successor will want to use the Reich 's nuclear bombs against Japan to gain control of the rest of the former United States. Currently, however, Japan and the Third Reich are engaged in a cold war full of tension but no open warfare, with the Japanese lagging behind the Germans technologically. Frank Frink ends up being arrested when the Japanese and the Nazis become suspicious of Juliana 's activities. Not having the information they seek, he is unable to give the Japanese what they are looking for, and they kill Frink 's sister and her two children in retaliation, using their Jewish heritage as an excuse for their executions. This leads Frink to plan to kill the visiting Japanese Crown Prince and Princess, but he ultimately decides against going through with his plan. Season two ( edit ) Season Two of the show broadly encompasses Frank Frink deciding to forgo his hesitancy and relative pacifism and choosing to become a committed member of the American Resistance to the Japanese Empire inside the Pacific States, eventually participating in a successful terrorist bombing of a central - command building of the Pacific States government in downtown San Francisco. The attack kills many members of the Japanese military and other top - level leadership. Juliana Crain claims asylum in the Nazi Reich using their San Francisco Embassy so she can escape Japanese soldiers who hold her responsible for at least one murder. John Smith, seeing that her asylum claim is unlikely to succeed, steps in to the interrogation room and assumes command of her claim himself, ensuring it goes through, and he takes her to New York without Joe Blake 's knowledge. Joe Blake himself discovers he was a product of the Lebensborn programme, and also that he is the sole biological son of a top - ranking Nazi official in Berlin, Martin Heusmann. Eventually Blake reconciles with Heusmann on the personal level and, in so doing, becomes second - in - command of the Chancellorship after Adolf Hitler dies and the Nazi leadership in Berlin grants Heusmann the Reich 's Acting Chancellor title, which they do quickly and almost by default. Hitler 's death is abruptly pinned upon Japanese spies, and Heusmann suddenly announces on television that the Japanese agents whom he claims assassinated the Führer will be brought to justice by any means necessary, including war. John Smith is the only high - ranking Nazi official to be suspicious of the nature of Heusmann 's sudden announcement. To gain insight in to why it has happened, he interrogates another high - ranking Nazi, Reinhard Heydrich, who reveals a far - reaching conspiracy led by Heusmann designed to result in a Nazi nuclear onslaught against the Japanese Empire that will kill tens of millions of Japanese, decimate their Empire, level Tokyo, kill their Emperor, and force the surviving Japanese to permanently absorb themselves in to a global Nazi Reich. John Smith undertakes carefully - calculated stealth actions to disrupt and dismantle the Heusmann conspiracy and, as a final act, travels to Berlin and informs Heinrich Himmler -- the Nazi Reichsführer and not involved in the conspiracy -- of the existence of the conspiracy. Audiotapes, together with physical and written evidence reaching too deep within the existing Reich 's power structure to be dismissed as hearsay, are handed personally by John Smith over to the Reichsführer, who then angrily leads Smith and several of his closest Berlin subordinates in to the late Führer 's office occupied by the Acting Chancellor. He arrests Heusmann for high treason and the murder of Adolf Hitler, detains Joe Blake along with Heusmann, and then addresses the Volkshalle packed with hundreds of thousands of Reich civilians and uniformed stormtroopers, nixing the war - declaration speech meant to have been delivered by Heusmann and instead informing the Reich of Heusmann 's conspiracy and John Smith 's exposing of it. Upon learning this, the entire Volkshalle erupts in to a celebratory mood marked by repeated mass Nazi salutes of Himmler 's men in general and then John Smith in particular. The second season ends with Himmler and John Smith implicitly assuming command of the Reich, and an implied new era of peace and tranquility between the Japanese Empire and the Greater Nazi Reich. Juliana Crain continues to live out her asylum claim inside New York Nazi territory, and the final few minutes of the final episode of the second season show Trudy ( or an alternate - universe version of her ) alive and well. In a basement somewhere, John Smith is given access to a room filled to bursting with reels of films watched by the late Führer. Cast ( edit ) Main ( edit ) Alexa Davalos as Juliana Crain, a young woman from San Francisco who is outwardly happy living under Japanese control ; she has become an expert in aikido and is friendly with Japanese people living in San Francisco. Her mother harbors hatred of the Japanese, as they killed Juliana 's father during the war. Rupert Evans as Frank Frink, Juliana 's boyfriend. He works in a factory, creating replicas of pre-war American pistols that are prized by the Japanese, while on his own time he creates original jewelry and sketches. When Juliana vanishes just after the police kill her sister, Frank is taken into custody, which is particularly dangerous since he had a Jewish grandfather and would face execution if this fact were exposed. His experience with the Japanese causes him to turn against the state. Luke Kleintank as Joe Blake, a new recruit to the underground American resistance who is actually an agent working for the SS under Obergruppenführer John Smith. He transports a copy of a reel of the forbidden film The Grasshopper Lies Heavy to the neutral Rocky Mountain States as part of his mission to infiltrate the American resistance. DJ Qualls as Ed McCarthy, Frank 's co-worker and friend. He closely follows politics and cares very much about Juliana and Frank 's well being. Cary - Hiroyuki Tagawa as Nobusuke Tagomi, the Trade Minister of the Pacific States of America. His true loyalties are ambiguous throughout the first season. Rufus Sewell as John Smith, an SS Obergruppenführer investigating the Resistance in New York. He is a natural - born American who previously served in the U.S. Army Signal Corps and lives a comfortable suburban life with a wife and three children. It is implied that he embraced Nazism because he grew up in poverty as a result of the Great Depression. Joel de la Fuente as Chief Inspector Takeshi Kido, the ruthless head of the Kempeitai stationed in San Francisco. Brennan Brown as Robert Childan, an antique store owner who makes secret deals with Frank. ( recurring, season 1 ; main, season 2 ) Callum Keith Rennie as Gary Connell, leader of the West Coast Resistance movement and enforcer for Abendsen. ( season 2 ) Bella Heathcote as Nicole Dörmer, a young Berlin - born filmmaker who will cross paths with Joe. ( season 2 ) Recurring ( edit ) Carsten Norgaard as Rudolph Wegener, a disillusioned high - ranking Nazi official who trades secrets with Tagomi. Rick Worthy as Lemuel `` Lem '' Washington, owner of the Sunrise Diner in Canon City and member of the Resistance. Camille Sullivan as Karen Vecchione, a leader of the Pacific States branch of the Resistance. Lee Shorten as Sergeant Hiroyuki Yoshida, Inspector Kido 's right - hand man. Arnold Chun as Kotomichi, Tagomi 's assistant. Hank Harris as Randall Becker, a member of the Pacific States branch of the Resistance Christine Chatelain as Laura Crothers, Frank 's sister. Allan Havey as the Origami Man, a Nazi spy sent to Canon City to eliminate members of the Resistance. Burn Gorman as the Marshal, a bounty hunter searching for concentration camp escapees. Shaun Ross as the Shoe Shine Boy, a young albino man living in Canon City. Rob LaBelle as Carl, a bookstore clerk in Canon City who is revealed to be a concentration camp escapee named David P. Frees. Geoffrey Blake as Jason Meyer, a Jewish member of the Resistance. Michael Gaston as Mark Sampson, a Jew living in the Pacific States ; he is Frank 's friend Louis Ozawa Changchien as Paul Kasoura, a wealthy lawyer who collects pre-war American memorabilia. Tao Okamoto as Betty, Paul 's wife. Daisuke Tsui as the Crown Prince of Japan Mayumi Yoshida as the Crown Princess of Japan Amy Okuda as Christine Tanaka, an office worker in the Nippon building. Hiro Kanagawa as Taishi Okamura, the leader of a Yakuza based in the Pacific States. Stephen Root as Hawthorne Abendsen / The Man in the High Castle. ( season 2 ) Sebastian Roché as Reichsminister Martin Heusmann, Joe Blake 's estranged father and high - ranking member of the Reich. ( season 2 ) Cara Mitsuko as Sarah, a Japanese American Resistance member, confidante of Frank and survivor of the Manzanar concentration camp. ( season 2 ) Tate Donovan as George Dixon, a mysterious friend of the Crains ( season 2 ). Michael Hogan as Hagan, an ex-preacher and leader in the San Francisco resistance. ( season 2 ) Tzi Ma as General Hidehisa Onoda, a leading member of the Japanese military. ( season 2 ) John Smith 's family ( edit ) Chelah Horsdal as Helen Smith, John 's wife. Quinn Lord as Thomas Smith, John and Helen 's son and the eldest child. A member of the Hitler Youth, it is later revealed that he has inherited a form of muscular dystrophy from his father 's side of the family. Gracyn Shinyei as Amy Smith, John and Helen 's daughter. Genea Charpentier as Jennifer Smith, John and Helen 's daughter. Juliana Crain 's family ( edit ) Daniel Roebuck as Arnold Walker, Juliana 's stepfather and Trudy 's father. Macall Gordon as Anne Crain Walker, Juliana 's mother who is still bitter about losing her husband in World War II. Conor Leslie as Trudy Walker, Juliana 's half sister who is shot dead by the Kempeitai. However, she is shown alive at the end of the second season. Nobusuke Tagomi 's family ( edit ) Yukari Komatsu as Michiko Tagomi, Nobusuke 's wife. ( season 2 ) Eddie Shin as Noriaki Tagomi, Nobusuke and Michiko 's son. ( season 2 ) Historical Figures ( edit ) Wolf Muser as Adolf Hitler. Ray Proscia as SS - Oberst - Gruppenführer Reinhard Heydrich. Kenneth Tigar as SS - Reichsführer Heinrich Himmler ( season 2 ) Peter Anderson as Joseph Goebbels, Nazi Minister of Propaganda ( season 2 ) Lisa Paxton as Eva Braun, Hitler 's wife ( season 2 ) Episodes ( edit ) Season 1 ( 2015 ) ( edit ) The pilot and the second episode were screened at a special Comic - Con event. The season premiered on November 20, 2015. No. overall No. in season Title Directed by Written by Original release date `` The New World '' David Semel Frank Spotnitz January 15, 2015 ( 2015 - 01 - 15 ) A young man, Joe Blake, volunteers to serve the resistance by driving a truck from Nazi New York to the neutral zone in the Rockies. In Japan - occupied San Francisco, Juliana Crain receives a package from her sister Trudy, only to see her get shot by the Japanese police. She returns home where her boyfriend Frank urges her to go to the police and tell them she had nothing to do with Trudy 's treason. The package contains film of the Allies winning World War II, which Juliana watches. She boards a bus to the Neutral Zone to deliver the film in Trudy 's place. A female agent on the bus attempts to steal the film but only escapes with decoys. Joe befriends Juliana in Canon City while in San Francisco, Frank is arrested by the Kempeitai, who want to know Juliana 's destination. Joe calls a Nazi commandant, Smith, revealing that he is working for them. `` Sunrise '' Daniel Percival Frank Spotnitz October 23, 2015 ( 2015 - 10 - 23 ) In the Canon City diner, Juliana meets a man she assumes is her contact. Smith tells Joe that the contact is a Sicherheitsdienst ( SD ) agent trying to stop the resistance, and orders him not to intervene. However, when the SD agent tries to kill Juliana, Joe drives up, and she is able to throw the agent over the railing to his death. In New York, Smith is attacked by resistance fighters. In prison, Frank meets a resistance fighter who convinces him not to inform on Juliana. The Kempeitai kill Frank 's sister and her children, but do not kill him when the woman who stole Juliana 's bag is found with fake film reels. `` The Illustrated Woman '' Ken Olin Thomas Schnauz and Evan Wright November 20, 2015 ( 2015 - 11 - 20 ) Joe spots a Nazi bounty hunter in town, looking for the man Juliana killed. They go to dispose of his body and car, but find a map which leads them to a cave where they find a dead woman and list of names. They realize that Juliana 's boss from the diner was her actual contact. Frank breaks the news of his sister and her children 's deaths to his brother - in - law. Frank returns to work where he makes a real gun. The bounty hunter realizes Juliana 's identity and tries to kill her. `` Revelations '' Michael Rymer Thomas Schnauz and Jace Richdale November 20, 2015 ( 2015 - 11 - 20 ) Joe quickly saves Juliana from the Marshal. Joe and Juliana confront Lemuel who leads them into the woods, where they are surrounded by resistance fighters, who force them to give them the films and leave. Joe and Juliana are attacked again by the Marshal, causing Joe to reveal to the Marshal that he is a Nazi agent. The Marshal pursues Juliana on the highway. When Juliana gets far enough, she burns her car and hides. When the Marshal reaches the car, he assumes that she has died. Back in the Reich, SS Captain Connolly is suspected by Smith for telling the resistance members who attacked him, which route he was taking to work. In the Pacific States, Frank heads to the Crown Prince 's speech with a gun to assassinate him, but hesitates to do so. The Crown Prince is then shot by an unseen gunman. 5 5 `` The New Normal '' Bryan Spicer Rob Williams November 20, 2015 ( 2015 - 11 - 20 ) The Crown Prince is rushed to the hospital after the attack, and the captain of the Imperial Guard is ordered to commit seppuku, for not protecting the Crown Prince. Kido then states that if he can not find the gunman, he will do the same. Meanwhile, Juliana returns home to find an angry Frank, who alludes to his time in prison. Juliana visits her parents and learns the Japanese killed Frank 's sister and children. When she later reports to the Japanese military, she is interrogated and asked about Trudy 's partner Randall but is ultimately let go. She then visits Simone and meets an agent of the resistance who gives her a visitor 's card to the government building. Joe returns to New York from the Neutral Zone and is kidnapped by Gestapo agents and brought to Smith 's office. He is then forced to tell Smith what happened in Canon City. Smith tells Joe he has failed in his mission because the leader of the resistance escaped. Smith believes Joe is being truthful and invites him over for VA day ( Victory in America day ). 6 6 `` Three Monkeys '' Nelson McCormick Rob Williams November 20, 2015 ( 2015 - 11 - 20 ) Joe celebrates VA day at Smith 's house. Juliana accepts a job working for Tagomi as she continues her search for answers. Smith, who has received intelligence about Wegener 's activities but also happens to be an old friend, intercepts him at the airport and invites him for dinner hoping to probe Wegener for answers. Smith has Wegener arrested. Smith catches Joe sneaking through his files. 7 7 `` Truth '' Brad Anderson Emma Frost November 20, 2015 ( 2015 - 11 - 20 ) Juliana makes a startling discovery about her sister 's death. Frank reflects on recent events and makes an important decision about his future, and Tagomi gains greater insight into Juliana 's past. Smith catches Joe in his home office and interrogates him about Juliana and Canon City. 8 8 `` End of the World '' Karyn Kusama Walon Green November 20, 2015 ( 2015 - 11 - 20 ) Juliana and Frank make plans to escape the Pacific States, only to be dragged back into danger by Joe as he tries to retrieve a new film, and walks directly into the Kempeitai 's ambush. Meanwhile, Smith 's loyalty is put to the ultimate test when confronted with a startling family discovery. The episode is named after the song of the same name, which is performed by Lini Evans during the episode with Japanese lyrics she co-wrote. 9 9 `` Kindness '' Michael Slovis Jace Richdale November 20, 2015 ( 2015 - 11 - 20 ) With time running out, a desperate Frank is forced to put his life on the line to help Joe. The pieces finally fall into place for Smith as he uncovers who was behind the assassination attempt. Tagomi is devastated when he is confronted with the consequences of his scheming, and Kido 's investigation takes a dramatic turn when he makes an important discovery. Meanwhile, Frank and Juliana, after taking possession of the new film, decide to watch it, but they are shocked to find out that the film describes, apparently in the near future, a nuclear - bombed San Francisco where the SS are rounding up and executing survivors ; Frank is shown being executed by Joe, who is wearing an SS uniform. 10 10 `` A Way Out '' Daniel Percival Rob Williams November 20, 2015 ( 2015 - 11 - 20 ) Frank and Juliana angrily confront Joe as a Nazi agent. He goes to the Nazi embassy with the film. Joe learns that Heydrich is preparing a trap. Kido acts on the information from the Yakuza and kills the Nazi sniper that shot the Crown Prince. Ed is caught with Frank 's gun and is used as a scapegoat for the attempted assassination of the Crown Prince, averting the need for Kido to commit seppuku. Heydrich demands Smith 's loyalty ahead of Wegener assassinating Hitler. Wegener says goodbye to his family and travels to Hitler 's alpine castle ( filmed at Hohenwerfen Castle ), but after confronting Hitler ( who is watching the alternate newsreels in his huge film vault saying that he learns something every time he watches ), kills himself instead. Smith captures the traitor Heydrich and reports such to Hitler. Joe evades Lem 's ambush and boards a boat to Mexico in Juliana 's place. Frank finds out that Ed has been arrested and returns to the Kempeitai headquarters to find him being detained. Tagomi goes to Union Square to meditate with Juliana 's charm and opens his eyes to find himself in an alternate 1962 where the Allies won World War II and America is in the midst of the Cuban Missile Crisis. Season 2 ( 2016 ) ( edit ) The second season was released on December 16, 2016. No. overall No. in season Title Directed by Written by Original release date 11 `` The Tiger 's Cave '' Daniel Percival Frank Spotnitz December 16, 2016 ( 2016 - 12 - 16 ) Joe returns to New York to hand over the film to Smith and request for his resignation, but Smith denies his request before delivering the film to Hitler. Karen and Lem confront Juliana for not shooting Joe before she is tranquilized. She wakes up in the home of Hawthorne Abendsen, The Man in the High Castle, and his vast film collection. Meanwhile, General Onoda reveals to Tagomi and his staff that the capsule Science Minister Shimada found in his pocket contains the plans for a nuclear weapon that the Empire intends to use to crush the Nazis, much to Tagomi 's dismay. Frank confronts Arnold about spying over his own family. Desperate to clear Ed 's name, Frank goes to Childan and asks for his help. Juliana attempts to get answers from an evasive Abendsen and receives a clue which may help to avert nuclear war. Gary Connell, leader of the West Coast Resistance, goes against orders and tries to kill Juliana, but she escapes at a Kempeitai checkpoint. A gunfight ensues between the Resistance members and the Japanese soldiers. Karen is killed in the crossfire. 12 `` The Road Less Traveled '' Colin Bucksey Rob Williams December 16, 2016 ( 2016 - 12 - 16 ) Kido investigates the shootout at the checkpoint and suspects Juliana is involved. Frank decides to get Paul Kasoura, who is a defense lawyer, to help Ed. In desperation, he reveals to Kasoura that the antique goods he and Childan sold him are fake, leading the pair to be imprisoned by the Yakuza, to whom Kasoura has a connection. Frank is almost killed by Okamura, the Yakuza leader, in the previous incident with Joe. However, he manages to convince Okamura to allow him to repay his debt for the forgery, with a condition that Ed is to work with him as his assistant. Kido is forced by Okamura to release Ed. He later pins the assassination of the Crown Prince on the deceased Karen. Joe is ordered by Smith to visit his father, a Reichminister named Heusmann, in Berlin. Smith tells Joe that Juliana is possibly dead. Meanwhile, Juliana evades Gary and Lem and tries to convince her parents to leave San Francisco, to no avail. Using the clue on a mysterious man that Abendsen is fixated on, Juliana discovers the man is a family friend named George Dixon, who is Trudy 's real father. Learning he may be in Brooklyn, Juliana risks her life to reach the Nazi embassy and request asylum, while leaving a letter to Frank. 13 `` Travelers '' Daniel Sackheim Erik Oleson December 16, 2016 ( 2016 - 12 - 16 ) Smith is warned by Dr. Adler, the family physician, to end his son Thomas 's life, as the boy 's incurable illness prevents him from being accepted in the Reich. Juliana makes it to New York and is questioned by Smith, who is notified of her arrival and arranges her stay. He keeps this a secret from Joe. Frank learns of Juliana 's defection to the Nazi states, though he does not believe Gary on her betrayal. While he works with Ed and Childan to create forgeries for the Yakuza to repay his debt, Frank is convinced by the Resistance to help them liberate innocent citizens from the Kempeitai in retaliation for the checkpoint murders. While saving a Resistance member named Sarah, Frank commits his first kill against the Japanese. Juliana looks for Joe but is told by his ex-lover that he has rejoined the Nazis, leading her to think he may have betrayed her. Joe travels to Berlin and meets with his father but is distant due to the latter 's treatment of his mother. He crosses paths with Nicole Becker, a filmmaker. Smith is unable to kill his son when given the chance to do so. He meets with Dr. Adler and kills him to ensure his silence. 14 `` Escalation '' David Petrarca Wesley Strick December 16, 2016 ( 2016 - 12 - 16 ) Juliana adjusts to life in the Reich under the tutelage of Smith 's wife Helen and Thomas. While looking for George Dixon at his old apartment, she is pursued by two unknown agents and almost killed. General Onoda has the Kempeitai execute numerous citizens for the murder of the Japanese soldiers during the Resistance rescue. Enraged, Frank starts to neglect his debt with the Yakuza and accepts a risky assignment to siphon materials from an unexploded Japanese bomb for a Resistance mission, much to Ed 's dismay. Frank begins to get close with Sarah during the assignment. Smith reveals to a suspecting Helen that he killed Dr. Adler to keep their son 's illness a secret. Kido gets Onoda drunk and tricks him into approving an unknown order. After escaping from her pursuers, Juliana is approached by Dixon. Tagomi travels to the alternate timeline once again and sees his still - living wife Michiko, who is deceased in his own timeline. 15 5 `` Duck and Cover '' John Fawcett Erik Oleson & Rick Cleveland December 16, 2016 ( 2016 - 12 - 16 ) Dixon is revealed to be a Resistance leader and meets up with Juliana after she tells him that the Man in the High Castle sent her. Juliana tells him he may be somehow involved in the possible San Francisco bombing as he has appeared several times in the films. Dixon forces Juliana to spy on Smith and his family to redeem her betrayal when she allowed Joe to escape with the film. Joe is upset when his father brings him to his place of birth and reveals he is one of the Lebensborn, an experiment to perfect racial purity. Despite this, he takes up his father 's offer to remain in Berlin for a few more days. Kido attempts to use Onoda 's approval to extradite Juliana from the Nazi states, though he fails and reveals his motive for visiting Smith for an unknown reason. Frank becomes further involved with the Resistance while Ed is revealed to be under the control of the Kempeitai to report on the Yakuza 's counterfeiting activities in exchange for his and Frank 's lives. Lem assists Abendsen in moving to a new location under the possibility the location of the High Castle is compromised and Abendsen destroys most of the films before leaving. Tagomi reveals himself to the alternate Michiko and his son Noriyuke, but discovers the alternate Tagomi 's relationship with them is estranged. He is shocked to see Noriyuke married to an alternate Juliana with their son. 16 6 `` Kintsugi '' Paul Holahan Francesca Gardiner December 16, 2016 ( 2016 - 12 - 16 ) Juliana starts to socialize with the Ladies Committee as planned and gains the support of one of the members, Lucy. Helen discovers Thomas has been selected by the Hitler Youth group to go for an expedition in South America. She forbids her son to go until she finds out that Smith arranged to have their son disappear from society by staging a fake abduction and live a life of anonymity. Joe starts to get closer to Nicole, who reveals herself as one of the Lebensborn and brings him to meet with some of the others. After spending the night with Nicole, Joe begins to embrace his real heritage. Tagomi attempts to mend his alternate self 's relationship with his family, and is dismayed by the alternate Noriyuke 's foregoing of the Japanese culture. Kido is informed by his right hand man, Yoshida, that they have found Abendsen 's burnt hideout and learns the Yakuza is also looking for the films. 17 7 `` Land O ' Smiles '' Karyn Kusama Rob Williams December 16, 2016 ( 2016 - 12 - 16 ) Ed and Childan go to Okamura to repay their debt with the sale from Frank 's forgery but are locked up in a storage room when Kido and his men pay a visit. Kido kills Okamura and the Yakuza members present for treason as he has deduced the Yakuza are working with the Nazis. Yoshida discovers Ed and Childan but lets them go. Frank is tasked to plant a bomb at the harbor where General Onoda is visiting. However, Frank aborts the mission when he discovers that the Japanese are secretly building an atomic bomb there and alerts the Resistance of this information. While at Adler 's funeral, Smith is dismayed when Adler 's wife Alice raises her suspicion on her husband 's sudden death and plans to have an autopsy performed. Juliana also attends the funeral and while talking to Thomas, she notices he has a seizure and covers for him. Later, she promises Helen that she will not reveal Thomas 's condition. Smith has further troubles when Heinrich Himmler informs him that Hitler has suffered a collapse. 18 8 `` Loose Lips '' Alex Zakrzewski Rick Cleveland December 16, 2016 ( 2016 - 12 - 16 ) Smith questions Juliana about Joe 's film and learns of San Francisco 's impending destruction. Lucy tells Juliana she knows that supposedly live footage of Hitler is actually archival because her husband manages the TV broadcast. Juliana shares with Dixon her belief that Hitler may be dead. The Resistance decide it is time to stage an uprising, leaving Juliana concerned that she may have caused the nuclear catastrophe she is trying to prevent. Heusmann is made Acting Chancellor while Joe decides to support his father. Frank learns from Arnold that Juliana has warned them to leave San Francisco and has not betrayed him. Enraged, he confronts Gary but the Resistance is determined to go ahead with the uprising. Armed with the knowledge from Juliana and Kido, Smith misleads a secretly imprisoned Heydrich into thinking Germany and Japan are already at war, leading Heydrich to confirm what Smith has suspected : a conspiracy to create a pretext for war with the Japanese exists among the Nazi ranks. Smith executes Heydrich, but not before learning he is not the mastermind behind the rush to war. Hitler passes away, leaving Heusmann in charge, and the new Chancellor is revealed to have orchestrated the looming conflict. 19 9 `` Detonation '' Chris Long Wesley Strick December 16, 2016 ( 2016 - 12 - 16 ) Tagomi watches a film with his alternate family showing the recent test detonation of a hydrogen bomb at Bikini Atoll. Finally resolved to stop war between Japan and the Nazis, Tagomi takes the film and returns to his reality. Thomas confides to Juliana about his condition, unaware that their conversation is being recorded. Smith later learns of the tape and takes it to protect Thomas ' secret. In a televised address, Heusmann frames the Japanese for Hitler 's death by poison and promises retaliation much to Joe 's horror. Frank decides to assist the Resistance in assassinating Onoda using their homemade bombs. Before the operation, he convinces Ed and Childan to leave San Francisco. Frank and Sarah smuggle a car bomb into the Kempeitai HQ underground parking garage. They set the bomb timer and attempt to leave the building, but are spotted by Kido, which starts a gunfight in the lobby. Just as Tagomi arrives, the bomb detonates, killing General Onoda and his staff and collapsing most of the building. Frank and Sarah 's fate is not shown. 20 10 `` Fallout '' Daniel Percival Erik Oleson December 16, 2016 ( 2016 - 12 - 16 ) Tagomi and Kido, who survived the bombing, deal with the aftermath of the destruction of the Kempeitai HQ. Afterwards, Kido travels to New York and plays the film for Smith appearing to provide evidence that the Japanese possess a hydrogen bomb. The resistance attempts to avenge Karen 's death by killing Juliana, but she escapes and kills Susan in the process. She then confronts and kills Dixon, who was threatening to expose Smith by broadcasting the tape of her conversation with Thomas. Smith travels to Berlin with the film to convince the Nazi higher - ups not to attack Japan out of fear of nuclear retaliation and meets privately with Himmler, exposing Heusmann as the traitor. After arresting Heusmann and Joe, Himmler addresses the worldwide public from the Volkshalle, possibly assuming control of the Reich, and rewards Smith for his service. The recognition Smith receives inspires Thomas to turn himself over to the Public Health Department to be euthanized. After traveling to the Neutral Zone, a bereft Juliana learns from Abendsen that hope remains and that her sister is alive. Finally, Lem hands over Abendsen 's remaining films to Tagomi. Production ( edit ) In 2010, it was announced that the BBC would co-produce a four - part TV adaptation of The Man in the High Castle for BBC One together with Headline Pictures, FremantleMedia Enterprises and Scott Free Films. Director Ridley Scott was to act as executive producer of the adaptation by Howard Brenton. On February 11, 2013, Variety reported that Syfy was adapting the book as a four - part miniseries, with Ridley Scott and Frank Spotnitz as executive producers, co-produced with Scott Free Prods., Headline Pictures and Electric Shepherd Prods. On October 1, 2014, Amazon.com began filming the pilot episode in Roslyn, Washington, for a new television drama to be aired on their Prime web video streaming service. This has been adapted by Frank Spotnitz and is being produced for Amazon by Ridley Scott, David Zucker and Jordan Sheehan for Scott Free, Stewart Mackinnon and Christian Baute for Headline Pictures, Isa Hackett and Kalen Egan for Electric Shepherd and Spotnitz 's Big Light Productions. The pilot episode was released by Amazon Studios on January 15, 2015. Amazon Studios ' production process is somewhat different from those of other conventional television channels. They produce pilot episodes of a number of different prospective programs, then release them and gather data on their success. The most promising shows are then picked up as regular series. On February 18, 2015, Amazon.com announced that The Man in the High Castle was given the green - light along with four other series, and a full season would be produced. Production for the pilot episode began in October 2014. Principal filming took place in Seattle, with the city standing in for San Francisco and locations in New York City, as well as Roslyn, Washington, which was the long - time shooting location for Northern Exposure. Sites used in Seattle include the Seattle Center Monorail, the Paramount Theatre, a newspaper office in the Pike Place Market area, as well as various buildings in the city 's Capitol Hill, International District, and Georgetown neighborhoods. In Roslyn, the production used external shots of the Roslyn Cafe which featured prominently in Northern Exposure along with several local businesses and scenery. In April 2015, filming took place in Vancouver, British Columbia, in the downtown area of West Georgia Street, along the promenade of the Coast Capital Savings building. In May and June 2015 filming also took place at the University of British Columbia. Exterior shots of Hohenwerfen Castle in Werfen, Austria, were filmed in September 2015 for the tenth episode of the first season. Amazon announced that they were bringing on new executive producer and showrunner Eric Overmyer for season three to replace Frank Spotnitz after his sudden departure from the show during the middle of season two. Reception ( edit ) The first season of The Man in the High Castle received acclaim from critics. Rotten Tomatoes gives season 1 an approval rating of 95 % based on reviews from 58 critics, with an average rating of 7.54 out of 10. The site 's critical consensus states, `` By executive producer Ridley Scott, The Man in the High Castle is unlike anything else on TV, with an immediately engrossing plot driven by quickly developed characters in a fully realized post-WWII dystopia. '' Metacritic gives the first season a score of 77 out of 100, based on reviews from 30 critics, indicating `` generally favorable reviews ''. Meredith Woerner from io9 wrote, `` I can honestly say I loved this pilot. It 's an impressive, streamlined undertaking of a fairly complicated and very beloved novel. '' Matt Fowler from IGN gave 9.2 out of 10 and described the series as a `` a superb, frightening experience filled with unexpected twists and ( some sci - fi ) turns. '' Brian Moylan of The Guardian was positive and praised the convincing depiction as well as the complex, and gripping, plot. The Los Angeles Times described the pilot as `` provocative '' and `` smartly adapted by The X-Files ' Frank Spotnitz. '' The Daily Telegraph said it was `` absorbing '' and Wired called it `` must - see viewing. '' Entertainment Weekly said it was `` engrossing '' and `` a triumph in world - building, '' cheering, `` The Man in the High Castle is king. '' After its first season, Rolling Stone included it on a list of the forty best science fiction television shows of all time. Amazon subsequently announced it was the service 's most - streamed original series and had been renewed for a second season. Season 2 was met with mixed reviews. Rotten Tomatoes gives the second season an approval rating of 63 % based on reviews from 19 critics, with an average rating of 6.86 out of 10. The site 's critical consensus states, `` Although its plot is admittedly unwieldy, The Man in the High Castle 's second season expands its fascinating premise in powerful new directions, bolstered by stunning visuals, strong performances, and intriguing new possibilities. '' Metacritic gives season 2 a score of 62 out of 100, based on reviews from ten critics. Accolades ( edit ) Year Award Nominee ( s ) Result 2015 IGN Awards Best New TV Series The Man in the High Castle Nominated South by Southwest Awards Excellence in Title Design Patrick Clair Nominated 2016 American Society of Cinematographers Awards Outstanding Achievement in Cinematography in Television Movie, Mini-Series or Pilot James Hawkinson ( Episode : `` The New World '' ) Nominated Creative Arts Emmy Awards Outstanding Cinematography for a Single - Camera Series James Hawkinson Won Outstanding Main Title Design Patrick Clair, Paul Kim, Jose Limon, Raoul Marks Won Outstanding Production Design for a Narrative Contemporary or Fantasy Program ( One Hour or More ) Drew Boughton, Linda King, Brenda Meyers - Ballard Nominated Outstanding Special Visual Effects The Man in the High Castle Nominated Critics ' Choice Television Awards Best Supporting Actor in a Drama Series Rufus Sewell Nominated Monte - Carlo Television Festival Best TV Series Drama The Man in the High Castle Nominated Saturn Awards Best New Media Television Series The Man in the High Castle Nominated USC Scripter Awards Best Television Script Frank Spotnitz and Philip K. Dick Nominated Visual Effects Society Awards Outstanding Created Environment in an Episode, Commercial, or Real - Time Project Casi Blume, David Andrade, Nick Chamberlain, Lawson Deming Nominated Outstanding Supporting Visual Effects in a Photoreal Episode Lawson Deming, Cory Jamieson, Casi Blume, Nick Chamberlain Nominated Young Artist Awards Best Performance in a TV Series -- Recurring Young Actor ( 14 -- 21 ) Quinn Lord Nominated 2017 Artios Awards Television Pilot And First Season - Drama Denise Chamian, Liz Ludwitzke, Candice Elzinga, Patti Kalles Nominated Creative Arts Emmy Awards Outstanding Cinematography for a Single - Camera Series ( One Hour ) James Hawkinson Nominated Outstanding Original Creative Achievement in Interactive Media within a Scripted Program `` Resistance Radio '' Nominated Outstanding Production Design for a Narrative Period Program ( One Hour or More ) Drew Boughton, Dawn Swiderski, Jon Lancaster Nominated Outstanding Special Visual Effects Lawson Deming, Cory Jamieson, Casi Blume, Nick Chamberlain, David Andrade, Bill Parker, Justin Fox, Danielle Malambri Nominated Costume Designers Guild Awards Outstanding Fantasy Television Series J.R. Hawbaker Nominated Leo Awards Best Guest Performance by a Male in a Dramatic Series Kurt Evans Nominated Best Supporting Performance by a Female in a Dramatic Series Chelah Horsdal Won Location Managers Guild Awards Outstanding Locations in a Period TV Series Nicole Noelle Chartrand, Robert Murdoch Nominated Saturn Awards Best New Media Television Series The Man in the High Castle Nominated Advertising controversy ( edit ) As part of an advertising campaign for the release of the first season, one entire New York City Subway car was covered with Nazi and Imperial Japanese imagery as seen in the show, including multiple American flags with the Nazi eagle emblem in place of the 50 stars and multiple flags of the fictional Pacific States. In response to criticism from `` state lawmakers and city leaders '', the Metropolitan Transportation Authority ( MTA ) released a statement saying that there were no grounds to reject the ads due to the fact that neutral content subway ad standards only prohibit advertising that is a political advertisement or disparages an individual or group. MTA spokesperson Kevin Ortiz stated that, `` The MTA is a government agency and ca n't accept or reject ads based on how we feel about them ; we have to follow the standards approved by our board. Please note they 're commercial ads. '' Spokesperson Adam Lisberg said, `` This advertising, whether you find it distasteful or not, obviously they 're not advertising Nazism ; they 're advertising a TV show. '' After complaints from New York State Governor Andrew Cuomo and New York City Mayor Bill de Blasio, initial reports indicated that Amazon pulled the advertisement from the subway. It was later announced that it was the MTA, not Amazon, that pulled the ad, due to pressure from Governor Cuomo. See also ( edit ) SS - GB, 2017 TV series Fatherland, 1994 TV movie References ( edit ) ^ Jump up to : `` TV Review : The Man in the High Castle ''. Variety. November 18, 2015. Retrieved November 18, 2015. Jump up ^ `` The Man in the High Castle ''. Amazon Prime. Jump up ^ `` The Man in the High Castle ''. Internet Movie Database. Retrieved January 18, 2015. Jump up ^ Tartaglione, Nancy. `` Amazon orders 5 original series including Man in the High Castle, Mad Dogs ''. Deadline.com. Retrieved January 18, 2015. Jump up ^ Spotnitz, Frank ( @ FrankSpotnitz ) ( August 17, 2015 ). `` @ dlairman @ HighCastleTV Ten '' ( Tweet ) -- via Twitter. Jump up ^ Fienberg, Daniel ( @ TheFienPrint ) ( August 3, 2015 ). `` Time for ' Man in the High Castle, ' which premieres on November 20 on # Amazon. # TCA15 '' ( Tweet ) -- via Twitter. Jump up ^ `` ' The Man in the High Castle ' season 2 premiere date : Season releases Dec. 16 ''. Den of Geek. August 12, 2016. Jump up ^ Trendacosta, Katharine ( January 3, 2017 ). `` ' The Man in the High Castle ' Gets Another Season and Another Showrunner ''. Gizmodo. Retrieved May 30, 2017. Jump up ^ https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=VP9wkTEgORI Jump up ^ Petski, Denise ( April 15, 2016 ). `` Callum Keith Rennie joins Amazon 's Man in the High Castle ; Rafael de la Fuente in When We Rise ABC Miniseries ''. Deadline.com. Retrieved April 17, 2016. Jump up ^ Petski, Denise ( April 6, 2016 ). `` Bella Heathcote joins Man in the High Castle ; Warren Christie in Eyewitness ''. Deadline.com. Retrieved April 8, 2016. Jump up ^ `` FX 's Tyrant casts Annet Mahendru ; Sebastian Roché in Amazon 's Man in the High Castle ''. Deadline.com. Jump up ^ `` A New Trailer for The Man in the High Castle and Episode Two Preview ''. Newsweek. July 13, 2015. Retrieved August 19, 2015. Jump up ^ Jarvey, Natalie ( August 3, 2015 ). `` The Man in the High Castle Creator Frank Spotnitz on Creating Alternate Histories ''. The Hollywood Reporter. Retrieved August 19, 2015. Jump up ^ `` The Man in the High Castle Season 2 Release Date, Trailer, and Review ''. Den of Geek. December 12, 2016. Retrieved December 19, 2016. Jump up ^ Sweney, Mark ( October 7, 2010 ). `` Ridley Scott to return to work of sci - fi icon for BBC mini-series ''. The Guardian. Retrieved October 7, 2010. Jump up ^ Marechal, A.J. ( February 10, 2013 ). `` Syfy, Ridley Scott, Frank Spotnitz set miniseries ''. Variety. Retrieved August 17, 2015. ^ Jump up to : Muir, Pat ( October 6, 2014 ). `` Roslyn hopes new TV show brings 15 more minutes of fame : The Man in the High Castle ''. Yakima Herald - Republic. Archived from the original on December 13, 2015. Jump up ^ Andreeva, Nellie ( July 24, 2014 ). `` Amazon Studios adds drama The Man in the High Castle, comedy Just Add Magic to pilot slate ''. Deadline.com. Retrieved August 17, 2015. Jump up ^ `` The Man in the High Castle : Season 1, Episode 1 ''. Amazon.com. January 15, 2015. Retrieved January 17, 2015. Jump up ^ `` Amazon greenlights full seasons of Mad Dogs, The Man in the High Castle, The New Yorker Presents, and children 's shows Just Add Magic and The Stinky & Dirty Show '' ( Press release ). Amazon.com. February 18, 2015. Retrieved February 18, 2015. Jump up ^ `` Amazon builds film sets around DJC Building ''. Daily Journal of Commerce. October 9, 2014. Retrieved August 17, 2015. Jump up ^ `` Shoot : The Man in the High Castle 's American Nazi John Smith ( Rufus Sewell ) films at Vancouver 's Arthur Erickson - designed concrete tower ''. YVRShoots.com. April 21, 2015. Retrieved August 17, 2015. Jump up ^ Hauen, Jack ( June 1, 2015 ). `` The Man in the High Castle is filming at UBC ''. The Ubyssey. Retrieved August 17, 2015. Jump up ^ `` Hakenkreuzflagge flatterte auf der Burg Hohenwerfen '' ( Swastika flag flutters on Hohenwerfen Castle ). Salzburger Nachrichten ( in German ). September 16, 2015. Archived from the original on November 19, 2015. Jump up ^ Andreeva, Nellie ( January 3, 2017 ). `` ' The Man In the High Castle ' Renewed For Season 3 By Amazon, Gets A Showrunner ''. Deadline.com. Retrieved May 22, 2017. Jump up ^ `` The Man in the High Castle Season 1 ''. Rotten Tomatoes. Retrieved January 8, 2017. Jump up ^ `` The Man in the High Castle : Season 1 reviews ''. Metacritic. Retrieved January 8, 2017. Jump up ^ Woerner, Meredith ( January 16, 2015 ). `` Man in the High Castle is wildly different from the book but still great ''. io9. Retrieved January 18, 2015. Jump up ^ `` The Man in the High Castle : Series 1 review ''. IGN. November 20, 2015. Retrieved November 22, 2015. Jump up ^ `` The Man in the High Castle : the Nazis win, but so do viewers ''. The Guardian. November 20, 2015. Retrieved November 22, 2015. Jump up ^ Adams, Sam ; Collins, Sean T. ; Fear, David ; Murray, Noel ; Scherer, Jenna ; Tobias, Scott ( May 26, 2016 ). `` 40 Best Science Fiction TV Shows of All Time ''. Rolling Stone. Retrieved May 26, 2016. Jump up ^ `` The Man in the High Castle is Amazon 's most - watched Original ''. The Hollywood Reporter. December 21, 2015. Retrieved December 21, 2015. Jump up ^ `` Amazon Original Series The Man in the High Castle, Recently Renewed for Season Two, Marks Biggest Launch Month in Prime Video History '' ( Press release ). Amazon Studios. December 21, 2015. Retrieved June 1, 2016. Jump up ^ `` The Man in the High Castle Season 2 ''. Rotten Tomatoes. Retrieved January 8, 2017. Jump up ^ `` The Man in the High Castle : Season 2 reviews ''. Metacritic. Retrieved January 8, 2017. Jump up ^ `` Best New Series - IGN 's Best of 2015 - IGN ''. IGN. Retrieved 4 July 2017. Jump up ^ `` The ASC -- Past ASC Awards ''. www.theasc.com. Retrieved March 10, 2017. Jump up ^ `` The Man in the High Castle ''. Emmys. Retrieved September 11, 2016. Jump up ^ `` Best Picture - Critics ' Choice Awards : The Complete Winners List ''. The Hollywood Reporter. Retrieved March 10, 2017. Jump up ^ Bryant, Jacob ( February 24, 2016 ). `` ' Star Wars, ' ' Mad Max, ' ' Walking Dead ' Lead Saturn Awards Nominations ''. Variety. Retrieved March 10, 2017. Jump up ^ `` USC Scripter Awards Nominations ''. The Hollywood Reporter. Retrieved March 10, 2017. Jump up ^ Giardina, Carolyn ( January 10, 2017 ). `` ' Rogue One ' Leads Visual Effects Society Feature Competition With 7 Nominations As ' Doctor Strange, ' ' Jungle Book ' Grab 6 Each ''. The Hollywood Reporter. Retrieved January 10, 2017. Jump up ^ `` 2016 Young Artist Awards '' Young Artist Awards ``. web.archive.org. 30 October 2016. Retrieved 4 July 2017. Jump up ^ `` The Casting Society of America ''. www.castingsociety.com. Retrieved March 10, 2017. Jump up ^ `` The Man in the High Castle ''. Emmys. Retrieved September 11, 2016. Jump up ^ `` Outstanding Fantasy Television Series ''. costumedesignersguild.com. Retrieved February 18, 2017. Jump up ^ `` Leo Awards, Nominees by Name 2017 ''. www.leoawards.com. Retrieved May 2, 2017. Jump up ^ `` Outstanding Locations in a Period TV Series - ' Hidden Figures, ' ' La La Land ' Among Location Managers Guild Award Nominees ''. The Hollywood Reporter. Retrieved February 26, 2017. Jump up ^ McNary, Dave ( March 2, 2017 ). `` Saturn Awards Nominations 2017 : ' Rogue One, ' ' Walking Dead ' Lead ''. Variety. Retrieved March 2, 2017. Jump up ^ `` New York Subway pulls Nazi - themed ads for new show, Man in the High Castle ''. NPR. November 25, 2015. Jump up ^ `` Man in the High Castle subway ads, featuring Nazi symbols, removed from trains ''. CBS New York. November 24, 2015. Retrieved December 5, 2015. External links ( edit ) Wikiquote has quotations related to : The Man in the High Castle ( TV series ) Official website The Man in the High Castle on IMDb Wikimedia Commons has media related to The Man in the High Castle. Amazon Video original programming Original series Current Bosch ( 2014 -- present ) Mozart in the Jungle ( 2014 -- present ) Transparent ( 2014 -- present ) Just Add Magic ( 2015 -- present ) The Man in the High Castle ( 2015 -- present ) One Mississippi ( 2015 -- present ) Patriot ( 2015 -- present ) Sneaky Pete ( 2015 -- present ) Kamen Rider Amazons ( 2016 -- present ) The Collection ( 2016 -- present ) Crayon Shin - chan Gaiden ( 2016 -- present ) Fleabag ( 2016 -- present ) Goliath ( 2016 -- present ) The Grand Tour ( 2016 -- present ) I Love Dick ( 2016 -- present ) Jean - Claude Van Johnson ( 2016 -- present ) The Tick ( 2016 -- present ) Inside Edge ( 2017 -- present ) The Marvelous Mrs. Maisel ( 2017 -- present ) Comrade Detective ( 2017 -- present ) Lore ( 2017 -- present ) Former Alpha House ( 2013 -- 14 ) Betas ( 2013 -- 14 ) Hand of God ( 2014 -- 17 ) Red Oaks ( 2014 -- 17 ) Z : The Beginning of Everything ( 2015 -- 17 ) Mad Dogs ( 2015 -- 16 ) Crisis in Six Scenes ( 2016 ) Good Girls Revolt ( 2015 -- 16 ) The New Yorker Presents ( 2016 ) The Last Tycoon ( 2016 -- 17 ) American Playboy : The Hugh Hefner Story ( 2017 ) The Idolmaster KR ( 2017 ) Continuations Ripper Street ( series 3 -- 5 ; 2014 -- 16 ) Children 's programming Creative Galaxy ( 2013 -- present ) Tumble Leaf ( 2014 -- present ) Gortimer Gibbon 's Life on Normal Street ( 2014 -- 16 ) Annedroids ( 2015 -- present ) Wishenpoof! ( 2015 -- present ) Danger & Eggs ( 2015 -- present ) Niko and the Sword of Light ( 2015 -- present ) The Stinky & Dirty Show ( 2015 -- present ) The Kicks ( 2015 -- present ) Little Big Awesome ( 2016 -- present ) Lost In Oz ( 2017 -- present ) If You Give a Mouse a Cookie ( 2017 -- present ) Upcoming The Romanoffs ( 2018 ) Tom Clancy 's Jack Ryan ( 2018 ) Carnival Row ( 2019 ) Good Omens ( 2019 ) Homecoming ( TBA ) Tong Wars ( TBA ) Works by Philip K. Dick Novels Gather Yourselves Together ( 1950 ) Voices from the Street ( 1952 ) Solar Lottery ( 1954 ) Mary and the Giant ( 1954 ) The World Jones Made ( 1954 ) Eye in the Sky ( 1955 ) The Man Who Japed ( 1955 ) A Time for George Stavros ( 1956 ) Pilgrim on the Hill ( 1956 ) The Broken Bubble ( 1956 ) The Cosmic Puppets ( 1957 ) Puttering About in a Small Land ( 1957 ) Nicholas and the Higs ( 1958 ) Time Out of Joint ( 1958 ) In Milton Lumky Territory ( 1958 ) Confessions of a Crap Artist ( 1959 ) The Man Whose Teeth Were All Exactly Alike ( 1960 ) Humpty Dumpty in Oakland ( 1960 ) Vulcan 's Hammer ( 1960 ) Dr. Futurity ( 1960 ) The Man in the High Castle ( 1961 ) We Can Build You ( 1962 ) Martian Time - Slip ( 1962 ) Dr. Bloodmoney, or How We Got Along After the Bomb ( 1963 ) The Game - Players of Titan ( 1963 ) The Simulacra ( 1963 ) The Crack in Space ( 1963 ) Clans of the Alphane Moon ( 1964 ) The Three Stigmata of Palmer Eldritch ( 1964 ) The Zap Gun ( 1964 ) The Penultimate Truth ( 1964 ) The Unteleported Man ( 1964 ) The Ganymede Takeover ( 1965 ) Counter-Clock World ( 1965 ) Do Androids Dream of Electric Sheep? ( 1966 ) Nick and the Glimmung ( 1966 ) Now Wait for Last Year ( 1966 ) Ubik ( 1966 ) Galactic Pot - Healer ( 1968 ) A Maze of Death ( 1968 ) Our Friends from Frolix 8 ( 1969 ) Flow My Tears, the Policeman Said ( 1974 ) Deus Irae ( 1976 ) Radio Free Albemuth ( 1976 ; published 1985 ) A Scanner Darkly ( 1977 ) VALIS ( 1981 ) The Divine Invasion ( 1981 ) The Transmigration of Timothy Archer ( 1982 ) The Owl in Daylight ( unfinished ) Collections A Handful of Darkness ( 1955 ) The Variable Man ( 1956 ) The Preserving Machine ( 1969 ) The Book of Philip K. Dick ( 1973 ) The Best of Philip K. Dick ( 1977 ) The Golden Man ( 1980 ) Robots, Androids, and Mechanical Oddities ( 1984 ) I Hope I Shall Arrive Soon ( 1985 ) The Collected Stories of Philip K. Dick ( 1987 ) Beyond Lies the Wub ( 1988 ) The Dark Haired Girl ( 1989 ) The Father - Thing ( 1989 ) Second Variety ( 1989 ) The Days of Perky Pat ( 1990 ) The Little Black Box ( 1990 ) The Short Happy Life of the Brown Oxford ( 1990 ) We Can Remember It for You Wholesale ( 1990 ) The Minority Report ( 1991 ) Second Variety ( 1991 ) The Eye of the Sibyl ( 1992 ) The Philip K. Dick Reader ( 1997 ) Minority Report ( 2002 ) Selected Stories of Philip K. Dick ( 2002 ) Paycheck ( 2004 ) Vintage PKD ( 2006 ) Short stories `` Beyond Lies the Wub '' ( 1952 ) `` The Gun '' ( 1952 ) `` The Skull '' ( 1952 ) `` The Little Movement '' ( 1952 ) `` The Defenders '' ( 1953 ) `` Mr. Spaceship '' ( 1953 ) `` Piper in the Woods '' ( 1953 ) `` Roog '' ( 1953 ) `` The Infinites '' ( 1953 ) `` Second Variety '' ( 1953 ) `` Colony '' ( 1953 ) `` The Cookie Lady '' ( 1953 ) `` Impostor '' ( 1953 ) `` Paycheck '' ( 1953 ) `` The Preserving Machine '' ( 1953 ) `` Expendable '' ( 1953 ) `` The Indefatigable Frog '' ( 1953 ) `` The Commuter '' ( 1953 ) `` Out in the Garden '' ( 1953 ) `` The Great C '' ( 1953 ) `` The King of the Elves '' ( 1953 ) `` The Trouble with Bubbles '' ( 1953 ) `` The Variable Man '' ( 1953 ) `` Planet for Transients '' ( 1953 ) `` The Builder '' ( 1953 ) `` Tony and the Beetles '' ( 1953 ) `` Prize Ship '' ( 1954 ) `` Beyond the Door '' ( 1954 ) `` The Crystal Crypt '' ( 1954 ) `` The Short Happy Life of the Brown Oxford '' ( 1954 ) `` The Golden Man '' ( 1954 ) `` Sales Pitch '' ( 1954 ) `` Breakfast at Twilight '' ( 1954 ) `` The Crawlers '' ( 1954 ) `` Exhibit Piece '' ( 1954 ) `` Adjustment Team '' ( 1954 ) `` Shell Game '' ( 1954 ) `` Meddler '' ( 1954 ) `` A World of Talent '' ( 1954 ) `` The Last of the Masters '' ( 1954 ) `` Upon the Dull Earth '' ( 1954 ) `` The Father - thing '' ( 1954 ) `` Strange Eden '' ( 1954 ) `` The Turning Wheel '' ( 1954 ) `` Foster, You 're Dead! '' ( 1955 ) `` Human Is '' ( 1955 ) `` War Veteran '' ( 1955 ) `` Captive Market '' ( 1955 ) `` Nanny '' ( 1955 ) `` The Chromium Fence '' ( 1955 ) `` Service Call '' ( 1955 ) `` The Mold of Yancy '' ( 1955 ) `` Autofac '' ( 1955 ) `` Psi - man Heal My Child! '' ( 1955 ) `` The Minority Report '' ( 1956 ) `` Pay for the Printer '' ( 1956 ) `` A Glass of Darkness '' ( 1956 ) `` The Unreconstructed M '' ( 1957 ) `` Null - O '' ( 1958 ) `` Explorers We '' ( 1959 ) `` Recall Mechanism '' ( 1959 ) `` Fair Game '' ( 1959 ) `` War Game '' ( 1959 ) `` All We Marsmen '' ( 1963 ) `` What 'll We Do with Ragland Park? '' ( 1963 ) `` The Days of Perky Pat '' ( 1963 ) `` If There Were No Benny Cemoli '' ( 1963 ) `` Waterspider '' ( 1964 ) `` Novelty Act '' ( 1964 ) `` Oh, to Be a Blobel! '' ( 1964 ) `` The War with the Fnools '' ( 1964 ) `` What the Dead Men Say '' ( 1964 ) `` Orpheus with Clay Feet '' ( 1964 ) `` Cantata 140 '' ( 1964 ) `` The Unteleported Man '' ( 1964 ) `` Retreat Syndrome '' ( 1965 ) `` Project Plowshare '' ( 1965 ) `` We Can Remember It for You Wholesale '' ( 1966 ) `` Faith of Our Fathers '' ( 1967 ) `` Not by Its Cover '' ( 1968 ) `` The Electric Ant '' ( 1969 ) `` A. Lincoln, Simulacrum '' ( 1969 ) `` The Pre-persons '' ( 1974 ) `` A Little Something for Us Tempunauts '' ( 1974 ) `` The Exit Door Leads In '' ( 1979 ) `` Rautavaara 's Case '' ( 1980 ) `` I Hope I Shall Arrive Soon '' ( 1980 ) `` The Eye of the Sibyl '' ( 1987 ) `` Stability '' ( 1987 ) Adaptations Films Blade Runner ( 1982 ) Total Recall ( 1990 ) Confessions d'un Barjo ( 1992 ) Screamers ( 1995 ) Impostor ( 2002 ) Minority Report ( 2002 ) Paycheck ( 2003 ) A Scanner Darkly ( 2006 ) Next ( 2007 ) Screamers : The Hunting ( 2009 ) Radio Free Albemuth ( 2010 ) The Adjustment Bureau ( 2011 ) Total Recall ( 2012 ) 2036 : Nexus Dawn ( 2017 ) 2048 : Nowhere to Run ( 2017 ) Blade Runner Black Out 2022 ( 2017 ) Blade Runner 2049 ( 2017 ) TV series Total Recall 2070 ( 1999 ) The Man in the High Castle ( 2015 -- present ) Minority Report ( 2015 ) Philip K. Dick 's Electric Dreams ( 2017 ) Retrieved from `` https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=The_Man_in_the_High_Castle_(TV_series)&oldid=816091741 '' Categories : 2010s American drama television series 2015 American television series debuts Alternate history television series Amazon Video original programming Dystopian television series Fictional states of the United States Nazism in fiction Television programs based on works by Philip K. Dick Television series by Scott Free Productions Television series produced in British Columbia Television series set in 1962 Television shows set in Colorado Television shows set in New York City Television shows set in San Francisco World War II alternate histories Hidden categories : CS1 German - language sources ( de ) Use American English from December 2015 All Wikipedia articles written in American English Use mdy dates from May 2017 Articles containing German - language text Pages using infobox television with editor parameter Articles containing Japanese - language text All articles with unsourced statements Articles with unsourced statements from February 2017 Official website different in Wikidata and Wikipedia Talk Contents About Wikipedia Wikiquote Čeština Cymraeg Deutsch Español فارسی Français 한국어 Italiano עברית 日本 語 Polski Português Русский Українська 中文 Edit links This page was last edited on 19 December 2017, at 05 : 54. 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"title": "The Man in the High Castle (TV series)",
"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org//w/index.php?title=The_Man_in_the_High_Castle_(TV_series)&oldid=816091741"
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"text": "List of heads of state of Nigeria - wikipedia List of heads of state of Nigeria Jump to : navigation, search Nigeria This article is part of a series on the politics and government of Nigeria Constitution Human rights President ( list ) Muhammadu Buhari Vice President Yemi Osinbajo Cabinet Federal Parastatals National Assembly Senate House of Representatives Supreme Court Subdivisions States State governors Local Government Areas Recent elections Presidential : 2011 2015 Parliamentary : 2011 2015 Political parties Foreign relations Nigeria portal Other countries Atlas This is a list of the heads of state of Nigeria, from independence in 1960 to the present day. From 1960 to 1963 the head of state under the Nigeria Independence Act 1960 was the Queen of Nigeria, Elizabeth II, who was also monarch of the United Kingdom and the other Commonwealth realms. The Queen was represented in Nigeria by a Governor - General. Nigeria became a federal republic under the Constitution of 1963 and the monarch and Governor - General were replaced by a ceremonial President. In 1979, under the 1979 Constitution, the President gained executive powers, becoming head of both state and government. Since 1994, under the 1993 Constitution and the current 1999 Constitution, the head of state and government has been called the President. Contents ( hide ) 1 Monarchs ( 1960 -- 1963 ) 1.1 Governors - General 2 First Republic ( 1963 -- 1966 ) 3 Military rule ( 1966 -- 1979 ) 4 Second Republic ( 1979 -- 1983 ) 5 Military rule ( 1983 -- 1993 ) 6 Third Republic ( 1993 ) 7 Military rule ( 1993 -- 1999 ) 8 Fourth Nigerian Republic 9 Living former heads of state 10 References 11 External links Monarchs ( 1960 -- 1963 ) ( edit ) The succession to the throne was the same as the succession to the British throne. Queen Reign Royal House Prime Minister No Portrait Name Start End Duration Elizabeth II ( 1926 -- ) 1 October 1960 1 October 1963 7003109500000000000 ♠ 3 years, 0 days Windsor Balewa Governors - General ( edit ) Standard of the Governor - General of Nigeria The Governor - General was the representative of the monarch in Nigeria and exercised most of the powers of the monarch. The Governor - General was appointed for an indefinite term, serving at the pleasure of the monarch. Since Nigeria was granted independence by the Nigeria Independence Act 1960, rather than being first established as a semi-autonomous Dominion and later promoted to independence by the Statute of Westminster 1931, the Governor - General was appointed solely on the advice of the Nigerian cabinet without the involvement of the British government, with the sole of exception of James Robertson, the former colonial governor, who served as Governor - General temporarily until he was replaced by Nnamdi Azikiwe. In the event of a vacancy the Chief Justice would have served as Officer Administering the Government. Governor - General Term of office Monarch Prime Minister No Portrait Name Took office Left office Duration Sir James Robertson ( 1899 -- 1983 ) 1 October 1960 16 November 1960 7001460000000000000 ♠ 46 days Elizabeth II Balewa Nnamdi Azikiwe ( 1904 -- 1996 ) 16 November 1960 1 October 1963 7003104900000000000 ♠ 2 years, 319 days Elizabeth II Balewa First Republic ( 1963 -- 1966 ) ( edit ) Under the 1963 Constitution, the first constitution of the Republic of Nigeria, the President replaced the monarch as ceremonial head of state. The President was elected by Parliament for a five - year term. In the event of a vacancy the President of the Senate would have served as Acting President. President Term of office Political party ( at time of election ) Prime Minister ( s ) No Portrait Name Took office Left office Duration Nnamdi Azikiwe ( 1904 -- 1996 ) 1 October 1963 16 January 1966 ( deposed. ) 7002838000000000000 ♠ 2 years, 107 days National Council of Nigeria and the Cameroons Balewa Military rule ( 1966 -- 1979 ) ( edit ) Major Chukwuma Kaduna Nzeogwu led a coup d'état in 1966 which overthrew President Azikiwe and his government. Head of State Term of Office Military No Portrait Name Took Office Left Office Duration Major - General Johnson Aguiyi - Ironsi ( 1924 -- 1966 ) 16 January 1966 12 July 1966 ( assassinated. ) 7002177000000000000 ♠ 177 days Federal Military Government General Yakubu Gowon ( 1934 -- ) 1 August 1966 29 July 1975 ( deposed. ) 7003328400000000000 ♠ 8 years, 362 days Federal Military Government General Murtala Mohammed ( 1938 -- 1976 ) 29 July 1975 13 February 1976 ( assassinated. ) 7002199000000000000 ♠ 199 days Federal Military Government 5 Major - General Olusegun Obasanjo ( 1937 -- ) 13 February 1976 1 October 1979 ( resigned. ) 7003135400000000000 ♠ 3 years, 258 days Federal Military Government Second Republic ( 1979 -- 1983 ) ( edit ) Under the 1979 Constitution, the second constitution of the Republic of Nigeria, the President was head of both state and government. The President was elected by for a four - year term. In the event of a vacancy the Vice President would have served as Acting President. President Term of office Political party ( at time of election ) No Portrait Name Took office Left office Duration 6 Shehu Shagari ( 1925 -- ) 1 October 1979 31 December 1983 ( deposed. ) 7003155200000000000 ♠ 4 years, 91 days National Party of Nigeria Military rule ( 1983 -- 1993 ) ( edit ) Major - General Muhammadu Buhari led a coup d'état which overthrew President Shagari and his government. Head of State Term of Office Military No Portrait Name Took Office Left Office Duration 7 Major - General Muhammadu Buhari ( 1942 -- ) 31 December 1983 27 August 1985 ( deposed. ) 1 year, 239 days Supreme Military Council 8 General Ibrahim Babangida ( 1941 -- ) 27 August 1985 26 August 1993 ( resigned. ) 7003292100000000000 ♠ 7 years, 364 days Armed Forces Ruling Council Third Republic ( 1993 ) ( edit ) The Third Republic was the planned republican government of Nigeria in 1993 which was to be governed by the Third Republican constitution. The constitution of the Third Republic was drafted in 1989, when General Ibrahim Badamasi Babangida ( IBB ), the military Head of State, promised to terminate military rule by 1990 -- a date which was subsequently pushed back to 1993. IBB lifted the ban on political activity in the spring of 1989, and his government established two political parties : the center - right National Republican Convention ( NRC ) and the center - left Social Democratic Party ( SDP ). Gubernatorial and state legislative elections were conducted in December 1991, while the presidential election was postponed till 12 June 1993 -- due to political unrest. M.K.O. Abiola, a wealthy Yoruba businessman, won a decisive victory in the presidential elections on the SDP platm. President Term of office Political party ( at time of election ) No Portrait Name Took office Left office Duration 9 Ernest Shonekan ( 1936 -- ) 26 August 1993 17 November 1993 ( deposed. ) 7001830000000000000 ♠ 83 days Independent Military rule ( 1993 -- 1999 ) ( edit ) General Sani Abacha led a coup d'état which overthrew President Shonekan and his government. Head of State Term of Office Military No Portrait Name Took Office Left Office Duration 10 General Sani Abacha ( 1943 -- 1998 ) 17 November 1993 8 June 1998 ( died in office. ) 7003166400000000000 ♠ 4 years, 203 days Provisional Ruling Council 11 General Abdulsalami Abubakar ( 1942 -- ) 8 June 1998 29 May 1999 ( resigned. ) 7002355000000000000 ♠ 355 days Provisional Ruling Council Fourth Nigerian Republic ( edit ) Under the fourth Constitution of the Republic of Nigeria, the President is head of both state and government. The President is elected by for a four - year term. In the event of a vacancy the Vice President serves as Acting President. Status Denotes Vice President acting as President President Term of office Political party ( at time of election ) No Portrait Name Took office Left office Duration 12 Olusegun Obasanjo ( 1937 -- ) 29 May 1999 29 May 2007 7003292200000000000 ♠ 8 years, 0 days People 's Democratic Party 13 Umaru Musa Yar'Adua ( 1951 -- 2010 ) 29 May 2007 5 May 2010 ( died in office. ) 7003107200000000000 ♠ 2 years, 341 days People 's Democratic Party 14 Goodluck Jonathan ( 1957 -- ) 5 May 2010 29 May 2015 7003185100000000000 ♠ 5 years, 25 days People 's Democratic Party 15 Muhammadu Buhari ( 1942 -- ) 29 May 2015 Incumbent 7002886000000000000 ♠ 2 years, 155 days All Progressives Congress Living former heads of state ( edit ) Name Term / Reign Office Date of birth Elizabeth II 1952 -- 1961 Queen of Nigeria ( 1926 - 04 - 21 ) April 21, 1926 ( age 91 ) Yakubu Gowon 1966 -- 1975 Military ruler ( 1934 - 10 - 19 ) October 19, 1934 ( age 83 ) Olusegun Obasanjo 1976 -- 1979 1999 -- 2007 Military ruler President of Nigeria ( 1937 - 03 - 05 ) March 5, 1937 ( age 80 ) Shehu Shagari 1979 -- 1983 President of Nigeria ( 1925 - 02 - 25 ) February 25, 1925 ( age 92 ) Ibrahim Babangida 1985 -- 1993 Military ruler ( 1941 - 08 - 17 ) August 17, 1941 ( age 76 ) Ernest Shonekan President of Nigeria ( 1936 - 05 - 09 ) May 9, 1936 ( age 81 ) Abdulsalami Abubakar 1998 -- 1999 Military ruler ( 1942 - 06 - 13 ) June 13, 1942 ( age 75 ) Goodluck Jonathan 2010 -- 2015 President of Nigeria ( 1957 - 11 - 20 ) November 20, 1957 ( age 59 ) References ( edit ) Jump up ^ `` Past Presidents & Heads of State ''. StateHouse, Federal Republic of Nigeria. Jump up ^ Goodluck Jonathan was Acting President from 9 February to 5 May 2010 External links ( edit ) State House of the Federal Republic of Nigeria Heads of State of Nigeria Queen ( 1960 -- 1963 ) Elizabeth II President of the First Republic ( 1963 -- 1966 ) Azikiwe Military regime ( 1966 -- 1979 ) Aguiyi - Ironsi Gowon Mohammed Obasanjo President of the Second Republic ( 1979 -- 1983 ) Shehu Shagari Military regime ( 1983 -- 1999 ) Buhari Babangida Shonekan ( interim ) * Abacha Abubakar President of the Fourth Republic ( from 1999 ) Obasanjo Yar'Adua Jonathan Buhari * civilian ; headed transition to abortive Third Republic Representatives of the monarch in Commonwealth realms and Dominions National Counsellors of State United Kingdom Governors - general Antigua and Barbuda Australia Bahamas Barbados Belize Canada Grenada Jamaica New Zealand Papua New Guinea Saint Kitts and Nevis Saint Lucia Saint Vincent and the Grenadines Solomon Islands Tuvalu Sub-national Australia Governors New South Wales Queensland South Australia Tasmania Victoria Western Australia Canada Lieutenant governors Alberta British Columbia Manitoba New Brunswick Newfoundland Nova Scotia Ontario Prince Edward Island Quebec Saskatchewan Realm of New Zealand Governor - general Niue, New Zealand Queen 's Representative Cook Islands Administrator Tokelau United Kingdom Lords lieutenant England, Wales, Scotland, Northern Ireland ( list Former Governors general Ceylon ( now Sri Lanka ) Fiji The Gambia Ghana Guyana India Irish Free State ( now Ireland ) Kenya Malawi Malta Mauritius Nigeria Pakistan Sierra Leone Union of South Africa Tanganyika Trinidad and Tobago Uganda Retrieved from `` https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=List_of_heads_of_state_of_Nigeria&oldid=808050051 '' Categories : Government of Nigeria Lists of political office - holders in Nigeria Hidden categories : Official website not in Wikidata Talk Contents About Wikipedia Čeština Dansk Deutsch Eesti Esperanto فارسی Français Ido Bahasa Indonesia Italiano Basa Jawa Latviešu Norsk Occitan Suomi Svenska Türkçe Yorùbá Edit links This page was last edited on 31 October 2017, at 15 : 48. Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution - ShareAlike License ; additional terms may apply. By using this site, you agree to the Terms of Use and Privacy Policy. Wikipedia ® is a registered trademark of the Wikimedia Foundation, Inc., a non-profit organization. About Wikipedia",
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