Error code:   ConfigNamesError
Exception:    FileNotFoundError
Message:      Couldn't find any data file at /src/services/worker/thrmnn/invisible-forest-amsterdam. Couldn't find 'thrmnn/invisible-forest-amsterdam' on the Hugging Face Hub either: FileNotFoundError: Unable to find 'hf://datasets/thrmnn/invisible-forest-amsterdam@da67f62178eccbc52e2cabdd208484be6dccb608/trees.parquet' with any supported extension ['.csv', '.tsv', '.json', '.jsonl', '.ndjson', '.parquet', '.geoparquet', '.gpq', '.arrow', '.txt', '.conll', '.conllu', '.tar', '.xml', '.hdf5', '.h5', '.eval', '.lance', '.tsfile', '.blp', '.bmp', '.dib', '.bufr', '.cur', '.pcx', '.dcx', '.dds', '.ps', '.eps', '.fit', '.fits', '.fli', '.flc', '.ftc', '.ftu', '.gbr', '.gif', '.grib', '.png', '.apng', '.jp2', '.j2k', '.jpc', '.jpf', '.jpx', '.j2c', '.icns', '.ico', '.im', '.iim', '.tif', '.tiff', '.jfif', '.jpe', '.jpg', '.jpeg', '.mpg', '.mpeg', '.msp', '.pcd', '.pxr', '.pbm', '.pgm', '.ppm', '.pnm', '.psd', '.bw', '.rgb', '.rgba', '.sgi', '.ras', '.tga', '.icb', '.vda', '.vst', '.webp', '.wmf', '.emf', '.xbm', '.xpm', '.BLP', '.BMP', '.DIB', '.BUFR', '.CUR', '.PCX', '.DCX', '.DDS', '.PS', '.EPS', '.FIT', '.FITS', '.FLI', '.FLC', '.FTC', '.FTU', '.GBR', '.GIF', '.GRIB', '.PNG', '.APNG', '.JP2', '.J2K', '.JPC', '.JPF', '.JPX', '.J2C', '.ICNS', '.ICO', '.IM', '.IIM', '.TIF', '.TIFF', '.JFIF', '.JPE', '.JPG', '.JPEG', '.MPG', '.MPEG', '.MSP', '.PCD', '.PXR', '.PBM', '.PGM', '.PPM', '.PNM', '.PSD', '.BW', '.RGB', '.RGBA', '.SGI', '.RAS', '.TGA', '.ICB', '.VDA', '.VST', '.WEBP', '.WMF', '.EMF', '.XBM', '.XPM', '.aiff', '.au', '.avr', '.caf', '.flac', '.htk', '.svx', '.mat4', '.mat5', '.mpc2k', '.ogg', '.paf', '.pvf', '.raw', '.rf64', '.sd2', '.sds', '.ircam', '.voc', '.w64', '.wav', '.nist', '.wavex', '.wve', '.xi', '.mp3', '.opus', '.3gp', '.3g2', '.avi', '.asf', '.flv', '.mp4', '.mov', '.m4v', '.mkv', '.webm', '.f4v', '.wmv', '.wma', '.ogm', '.mxf', '.nut', '.AIFF', '.AU', '.AVR', '.CAF', '.FLAC', '.HTK', '.SVX', '.MAT4', '.MAT5', '.MPC2K', '.OGG', '.PAF', '.PVF', '.RAW', '.RF64', '.SD2', '.SDS', '.IRCAM', '.VOC', '.W64', '.WAV', '.NIST', '.WAVEX', '.WVE', '.XI', '.MP3', '.OPUS', '.3GP', '.3G2', '.AVI', '.ASF', '.FLV', '.MP4', '.MOV', '.M4V', '.MKV', '.WEBM', '.F4V', '.WMV', '.WMA', '.OGM', '.MXF', '.NUT', '.glb', '.ply', '.stl', '.GLB', '.PLY', '.STL', '.pdf', '.PDF', '.nii', '.NII', '.zip', '.idx', '.manifest', '.txn']
Traceback:    Traceback (most recent call last):
                File "/src/services/worker/src/worker/job_runners/dataset/config_names.py", line 67, in compute_config_names_response
                  config_names = get_dataset_config_names(
                                 ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
                File "/usr/local/lib/python3.12/site-packages/datasets/inspect.py", line 161, in get_dataset_config_names
                  dataset_module = dataset_module_factory(
                                   ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
                File "/usr/local/lib/python3.12/site-packages/datasets/load.py", line 1213, in dataset_module_factory
                  raise FileNotFoundError(
              FileNotFoundError: Couldn't find any data file at /src/services/worker/thrmnn/invisible-forest-amsterdam. Couldn't find 'thrmnn/invisible-forest-amsterdam' on the Hugging Face Hub either: FileNotFoundError: Unable to find 'hf://datasets/thrmnn/invisible-forest-amsterdam@da67f62178eccbc52e2cabdd208484be6dccb608/trees.parquet' with any supported extension ['.csv', '.tsv', '.json', '.jsonl', '.ndjson', '.parquet', '.geoparquet', '.gpq', '.arrow', '.txt', '.conll', '.conllu', '.tar', '.xml', '.hdf5', '.h5', '.eval', '.lance', '.tsfile', '.blp', '.bmp', '.dib', '.bufr', '.cur', '.pcx', '.dcx', '.dds', '.ps', '.eps', '.fit', '.fits', '.fli', '.flc', '.ftc', '.ftu', '.gbr', '.gif', '.grib', '.png', '.apng', '.jp2', '.j2k', '.jpc', '.jpf', '.jpx', '.j2c', '.icns', '.ico', '.im', '.iim', '.tif', '.tiff', '.jfif', '.jpe', '.jpg', '.jpeg', '.mpg', '.mpeg', '.msp', '.pcd', '.pxr', '.pbm', '.pgm', '.ppm', '.pnm', '.psd', '.bw', '.rgb', '.rgba', '.sgi', '.ras', '.tga', '.icb', '.vda', '.vst', '.webp', '.wmf', '.emf', '.xbm', '.xpm', '.BLP', '.BMP', '.DIB', '.BUFR', '.CUR', '.PCX', '.DCX', '.DDS', '.PS', '.EPS', '.FIT', '.FITS', '.FLI', '.FLC', '.FTC', '.FTU', '.GBR', '.GIF', '.GRIB', '.PNG', '.APNG', '.JP2', '.J2K', '.JPC', '.JPF', '.JPX', '.J2C', '.ICNS', '.ICO', '.IM', '.IIM', '.TIF', '.TIFF', '.JFIF', '.JPE', '.JPG', '.JPEG', '.MPG', '.MPEG', '.MSP', '.PCD', '.PXR', '.PBM', '.PGM', '.PPM', '.PNM', '.PSD', '.BW', '.RGB', '.RGBA', '.SGI', '.RAS', '.TGA', '.ICB', '.VDA', '.VST', '.WEBP', '.WMF', '.EMF', '.XBM', '.XPM', '.aiff', '.au', '.avr', '.caf', '.flac', '.htk', '.svx', '.mat4', '.mat5', '.mpc2k', '.ogg', '.paf', '.pvf', '.raw', '.rf64', '.sd2', '.sds', '.ircam', '.voc', '.w64', '.wav', '.nist', '.wavex', '.wve', '.xi', '.mp3', '.opus', '.3gp', '.3g2', '.avi', '.asf', '.flv', '.mp4', '.mov', '.m4v', '.mkv', '.webm', '.f4v', '.wmv', '.wma', '.ogm', '.mxf', '.nut', '.AIFF', '.AU', '.AVR', '.CAF', '.FLAC', '.HTK', '.SVX', '.MAT4', '.MAT5', '.MPC2K', '.OGG', '.PAF', '.PVF', '.RAW', '.RF64', '.SD2', '.SDS', '.IRCAM', '.VOC', '.W64', '.WAV', '.NIST', '.WAVEX', '.WVE', '.XI', '.MP3', '.OPUS', '.3GP', '.3G2', '.AVI', '.ASF', '.FLV', '.MP4', '.MOV', '.M4V', '.MKV', '.WEBM', '.F4V', '.WMV', '.WMA', '.OGM', '.MXF', '.NUT', '.glb', '.ply', '.stl', '.GLB', '.PLY', '.STL', '.pdf', '.PDF', '.nii', '.NII', '.zip', '.idx', '.manifest', '.txn']

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Invisible Forest — Amsterdam

A complete, per-tree leaf-area and shade inventory of Amsterdam's urban canopy, derived from the Dutch AHN5 national LiDAR survey.

🚧 Release status. This dataset card accompanies the manuscript "Per-Tree Leaf Area Index Mapping Reveals an Invisible Urban Forest and Its Unequal Shade Capacity" (under review at Nature Cities). The data files will be uploaded here upon publication. This page is documentation only for now.

What it contains

One row per detected tree across the full Amsterdam municipality — including the majority of the canopy that is absent from any municipal register. For each tree: location and crown geometry, LiDAR-derived leaf area index, crown transmissivity, registration status, and per-tree effective shade area.

Schema (per tree)

Field	Description
`tree_id`	Stable per-tree identifier
`geometry`	Crown polygon / point (EPSG:28992, RD New)
`height_m`	Tree height from LiDAR
`crown_area_m2`	Crown projected area
`lai`	Effective plant area index (reported as LAI; see paper)
`transmissivity`	Per-tree crown transmissivity (Beer–Lambert)
`genus`	Genus where identified from the register
`source` / `registered`	Detected, registered, or both
`neighbourhood`	CBS neighbourhood assignment
`esa`	Per-tree effective shade area (peak-summer date)

The authoritative field list and units will ship with the data release.

Provenance & versioning

Derived from AHN5 LiDAR and the City of Amsterdam open tree register. The shade/ESA layer and the full register re-join are versioned independently; the released files will document which pipeline version produced each column. See the paper's Methods and Supplementary Information for the canopy model, validation, and known limitations (effective-PAI vs. leaf-only offset; gross vs. net shade).

Intended uses

Urban-heat and shade-equity analysis, tree-inventory completeness studies, per-species canopy-density work, and as a benchmark for individual-tree detection from LiDAR/imagery.

Citation

Hermann, T. A., van Selm, M., Venverloo, T., Duarte, F., & Ratti, C. (2026). Per-Tree Leaf Area Index Mapping Reveals an Invisible Urban Forest and Its Unequal Shade Capacity. (Under review.)

License

Released under CC BY 4.0 (proposed). Municipal register inputs are City of Amsterdam open data.

Contact

Théo Alessandro Hermann — thermann@mit.edu — MIT Senseable City Lab; AMS Institute.

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