Datasets:

ruliad

/

fineweb_edu_100BT_chunk_16

like 0

Wine Making on a Small Scale: An Article first published in 1866 On February 15, 1868, the Pioneer published a piece titled “Wine Making on a Small Scale.” The article details how someone in possession of grapes could convert them into wine. It emphasizes the sugar levels of the grapes as it affects the fermentation and the overall outcome of the wine. If the amount of sugar is low, then the resulting product is vinegar. But if “the grape juice. . . is naturally rich in sugar, so much alcohol is produced that the liquid. . . remains as wine.” Along with having a good sugar content, the “first requisite is good grapes.” The fruit must be picked at the peak of ripeness to ensure the level of sugar content. The following steps “will depend upon the character of the wine desired.” The article includes advice on how to press the grapes and the fermentation process. The richness of the grape will determine how long the fermentation process will be, from “ten days to several weeks.” The process is complete when the “liquid becomes quiet”, followed by another fermentation in another container. The article is the first references to winemaking in the Pioneer. It begins by addressing the editor of the Pioneer. The feature is answering an “offer to publishing anything of interest or advantage. . . of how to make wine in small quantities.” The ensuing response was “cheerfully” offered to the editor, with no indication of who wrote into the Pioneer. With settlers like Pierre Dallidet and Andrew York acquiring vines, an expose on how to make wine would be of much interest, which may be a reason why an offer to publish about making wine was solicited. The actual content of the article about winemaking is originally from a 1866 publication of the American Agriculturist. On page 369 of the Vol 25, No 1, a word for word article appears, matching the one in the Pioneer. There was not an efficient way in the late 1800s to enforce copyright law, especially in a case of a small town newspaper. The editorial shows that there was an agricultural community in the county that was keeping up to date with the new information in the field. By Hayley Goodwein

<urn:uuid:81cfd1a5-76b0-4cef-b1c4-8994eaa8a36c>

CC-MAIN-2019-26

https://winehistoryproject.org/wine-in-small-batch-an-article-first-published-in-1866/

s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2019-26/segments/1560628000044.37/warc/CC-MAIN-20190626013357-20190626035357-00283.warc.gz

en

New infrastructure ideas like protected bike lanes have been gaining ground all over the world. Right here in California, many recently voted to add a large amount of new infrastructure for cyclists in multiple major cities. How do factors like protected lanes really affect overall bicycle safety numbers though? Let’s look and see. What are Protected Bike Lanes? A protected bike lane is just what it sounds like. It’s a designated lane for cyclists, with protection to keep motorists from entering. Arguably, these are much safer than normal bike lanes, because they do not rely on drivers’ good judgment to keep cyclists safe. Protected lanes first became popular in Europe, but they are now picking up traction in the United States as some cities are taking cycling more seriously as a transportation alternative. Do These Protections Really Save Lives? Building bike accommodations seems to make a huge difference. A study by Oregon State University followed bike-friendly American cities as they added factors such as protected bike lanes, and the results were even more impressive than expected. Portland reduced its fatal bicycle injury rate by 72 percent from 2000 to 2015. Minneapolis saw a spike in the number of cyclists, but still lowered injury numbers by 79 percent. In fact, all ten cities in the study saw an increase in the number of cyclists but a decrease in the number of injuries. These protections could not come at a better time either. Issues such as distracted driving have caused the number of car accidents to rise in the United States. It is difficult to rely on drivers to do the right thing when it comes to sharing the road. While educating drivers, and working to curb these issues is certainly part of the solution, it might also be wise to build physical protections to keep riders safe. What do you think about protected bike lanes? Do you think they will become more popular in Southern California? How can we convince more communities to make the investment?

<urn:uuid:c2e6315f-ed58-4b3d-ab7d-9f6d644a9160>

CC-MAIN-2019-26

https://www.dudeklawfirm.com/protected-bike-lanes-save-thousands-lives/

s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2019-26/segments/1560628000044.37/warc/CC-MAIN-20190626013357-20190626035357-00283.warc.gz

en

The present study is undertaken in the Kulsi River valley, a tributary of the Brahmaputra River that drains through the tectonically active Shillong Plateau in northeast India. Based on the fluvial geomorphic parameters and Landsat satellite images, it has been observed that the Kulsi River migrated 0.7–2 km westward in its middle course in the past 30 years. Geomorphic parameters such as longitudinal profile analysis, stream length gradient index (SL), ratio of valley floor width to valley height (Vf), steepness index (k/s) indicate that the upstream segment of the Kulsi River is tectonically more active than the downstream segment which is ascribed to the tectonic activities along the Guwahati Fault. 14C ages obtained from the submerged tree trunks of the Chandubi Lake, which is located in the central part of the Kulsi River catchment suggests inundation (high lake levels) during 160 ± 50 AD, 970 ± 50 AD, 1190 ± 80 AD and 1520 ± 30 AD, respectively. These periods broadly coincide with the late Holocene strengthened Indian Summer Monsoon (ISM), Medieval Warm Period (MWP) and the early part of the Little Ice Age (LIA). The debris which clogged the course of the river in the vicinity of the Chandubi Lake is attributed to tectonically induced increase in sediment supply during high magnitude flooding events.

<urn:uuid:37942e3e-c44d-4aab-a9d7-4dc6e5a8ce63>

CC-MAIN-2019-26

https://www.ias.ac.in/describe/article/jess/127/01/0005

s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2019-26/segments/1560628000044.37/warc/CC-MAIN-20190626013357-20190626035357-00283.warc.gz

en

BERYL Crosher-Segers was raised in a black-and-white world. Hospitals and corporate buildings had separate entrances for black and white people, as did train carriages and stations. Certain benches were “white only” — if you were black, you were made to stand. You couldn’t buy a house in certain suburbs without skin of a certain shade. For decades, this was the life experienced by millions in South Africa — a nation divided by a system of institutionalised racial segregation under the brutal reign of the National Party from 1948 to 1994. And while she’s proudly called Australia home for over three decades, Beryl fears we’re heading down a similarly problematic path. A LIFE UNDER APARTHEID Beryl has painful first-hand experience in institutionalised racism. As a girl of mixed race, she was classified as “coloured”, and missed out on many of the opportunities offered to her white peers. In her new memoir, A Darker Shade Of Pale, she describes a world where white and black people were separated — at the detriment of the latter — in almost every aspect of life. Instead, she was taught that, to be successful, she should strive to be as close to white-presenting as possible. “You must make sure that your hair is straight. White people judge your class by your hair,” she was told while applying for a job. The book follows Beryl’s journey from an upbringing under apartheid in South Africa, to seeking freedom in Australia, where she eventually worked for the NSW Government. When Beryl was a child, tens of thousands of non-white families were forcibly removed from certain suburbs. Their houses were bulldozed and their towns destroyed. As a teenager, she had to undergo a special medical examination in order to become a teacher — a requirement of the government’s education authority at the Department of Coloured Affairs. During the exam, she was sexually assaulted by an older doctor. She never told anyone — partly out of shame, and partly from fear that authorities wouldn’t care. She regularly witnessed herself and her family being looked down upon — by members of the public, by hospital staff, and by authority figures — for the colour of their skin. Australia — at least, when she first moved here in 1982 — was a stark contrast. “I came from an era of apartheid to a free society,” she told news.com.au. “There were no signs on benches here, no segregated carriages, no separate building entrances. We could buy a house anywhere we wanted.” She described being in Darling Harbour on Australia Day as an almost foreign feeling, because people had the Australian flag painted on their faces and sang the national anthem. “In my country, we didn’t fly the flag. My father strictly forbade us from singing the anthem or having a flag. Non-white schools chose to stop displaying the flag or to sing the anthem. I felt robbed. I had no allegiance. “Here in Sydney, people were singing with their hand on their heart, and I sang it with them. For the first time I was hit by this sense of identity.” But having seen life through a different lens, she also has concerns over how Australia approaches race and multiculturalism. ‘AUSTRALIA ISN’T WHAT IT WAS’ Beryl sees a clear link between Australia’s approach to migrants today, and the segregated world she grew up in. “Australia was very welcome and opening back in the 1980s, but that same feeling just isn’t there anymore,” she told news.com.au. “We’ve seen this playing out over and over again — all the hysteria around people of different backgrounds. In the 1990s there was all this hype about Asian gangs. Then it was Pacific Islander gangs, and Lebanese groups, and now it’s African gangs. “I think social media plays a big part here — it gives a voice to intolerant people who didn’t otherwise have a platform.” It’s not just the racist rhetoric in the media that worries her. It’s comments from members of Australia’s own government — some which have struck especially close to home. Earlier in the year, Home Affairs Minister Peter Dutton sparked controversy when he suggested persecuted white farmers from South Africa should be fast-tracked into the country. His remarks were widely condemned as racist and discriminatory, even sparking outrage from the South African Government. Despite witnessing — and experiencing — first-hand racial persecution for decades in South Africa, Beryl agrees with Mr Dutton’s critics. “Crime is still a huge issue in South Africa — it’s rife,” she said. “But Peter Dutton failed to address that it happens to everyone there. I can’t understand why he would single out white families like that. Would he have done the same for black people who were murdered in my town? A boy I went to school with was shot. He was black. Would he have been given a place here? “If they’re going to offer humanitarian places for people in Australia, they should be looking across the board. Not just white farmers, and not just black farmers. There are people everywhere in dire conditions.” An estimated 500,000 white South Africans have left the country over the past three decades, with more than 200,000 settling in Australia. Beryl believes South Africa still has a long way to go — but thanks to a generation shift it’s getting there. “The situation there is changing. Younger people are more positive and forward-thinking. They have opportunities that we missed, and that’s a really positive thing.” A Darker Shade Of Pale, published by Torchflame Books, $31.89, is out now.

<urn:uuid:362428ff-9775-41da-965d-67db248b818f>

CC-MAIN-2019-26

https://www.news.com.au/lifestyle/real-life/news-life/a-woman-who-fled-one-of-south-africas-darkest-chapters-shares-what-life-was-like-under-apartheid/news-story/c9282e1261acaf64bfa782d67b0da499

s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2019-26/segments/1560628000044.37/warc/CC-MAIN-20190626013357-20190626035357-00283.warc.gz

en

Tech moves fast! Stay ahead of the curve with Techopedia! Join nearly 200,000 subscribers who receive actionable tech insights from Techopedia. Protected Extensible Authentication Protocol (PEAP) is a protocol that works to provide protections for communication channels in a more fundamental Extensible Authorization Protocol (EAP) method. PEAP is a product of several top tech companies, and has been shipped with major operating systems such as Microsoft Windows XP. Extensible Authentication Protocol is an authentication resource for wireless networks and point-to-point setups. As a general framework, this protocol is useful in many different variations. One of these is Extensible Authentication Protocol Transport Layer Security (EAP-TLS), a protocol that is popular for local area networks. PEAP provides a transport layer security structure where it is needed within EAP. It uses a public-key encryption certificate for this purpose. Server-side public-key certificates authenticate servers. The use of dedicated keys is part of an elaborate security authentication model for these kinds of network traffic setups. PEAP also involves subtypes for specific security protocols WPA and WPA2. In general, the use of Protected Extensible Authentication Protocol helps to address security inadequacies in some types of authentication frameworks and prevents different kinds of hacking that may cause problems in 802.11 network traffic. While the methods of all this are fairly inscrutable to the lay audience, the details are important to security professionals who want to make sure that authentication happens in an effective and efficient way.

<urn:uuid:1f21658f-fc5d-487e-866b-10a3678aca5b>

CC-MAIN-2019-26

https://www.techopedia.com/definition/4068/protected-extensible-authentication-protocol-peap

s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2019-26/segments/1560628000044.37/warc/CC-MAIN-20190626013357-20190626035357-00283.warc.gz

en

Smog caused by huge fires in Sumatra and Borneo is one of the most well known news in Indonesia media recently. I would like to describe this phenomenon as this century’s biggest crime to humanity with residents who live in three main Islands (Sumatera, Borneo or Kalimantan, Celebes or Sulawesi) become the victims. Sadly, although this disaster has been well informed within Indonesia, not all people learn from it, including people on Bawean Island. Most people prefer to blame the government without addressing the main problem, which is forest destruction. This is my third time on Bawean island and I found the rate of forest burning in this Island is getting more severe. In November 2014, when I first came to the island, local people used to burn community forest located nearby the main road so it is easily spotted. By that time the forest ranger could not do anything as this forest is located outside the protected area, thus it is legal to burn the forest. However now in October 2015, at my third visit, people burn the community forest nearby the border of the protected areas. Since right now it is the dry season when the wind blows heavily and it has not been raining for seven months, the impact is easily predicted: the fires spread to the protected area. Parts of the forest are now burning, for example in Alas Timur (See picture) and very close to Payung-Payung, where we also have camera traps installed. Community forest is burnt near Payung-Payung In the daylight when we were driving home after installing the camera traps, we could see thick smoke moving up toward the sky from places within the hilly forests. We have no idea which forest was being burned. The forest rangers have tried to discourage this action, unfortunately they don’t have enough evidence that people cause burning near or within the protected area. The reason is that the protected areas are poorly demarcated; the poles which are placed along the forest border to determine the protected area are mostly not in good condition and some of them even disappeared. It is difficult for the rangers to determine forest borders from a map, let along explain the border to the people. As a consequence, only one case of burning protected forest has been investigated so far. The purpose of forest burning mostly remains unknown. In my assumption, people do not worry about burning the forest on Bawean because they are convinced that a national disaster like on Sumatra, Kalimantan, and Sulawesi can not happen in their own native area because there is no peat land on Bawean. They forget that the impact of forest burning is not only smog, but also the destruction of the forest, even if it is accidentally. This may entail biodiversity reduction, species extirpation and ecosystem destruction. If they continue with this habit of burning land, especially species that are endemic to Bawean and only occur here, may face extinction during the next decades.

<urn:uuid:3e3ae825-b2aa-4a60-a547-af5689ff3e2c>

CC-MAIN-2019-26

http://jesprogramme.weebly.com/news/fires-on-bawean-island

s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2019-26/segments/1560628000894.72/warc/CC-MAIN-20190627055431-20190627081431-00443.warc.gz

en

2.3 Explain why it is important not to assume that an individual with dementia cannot make their own decisions One of the difficulties for individual with dementia is that as their dementia progresses they may lack capacity to make decisions for themselves. However, the fact that they cannot make decision in some areas does not mean they cannot make decisions in other areas. A dementia suffer may be able to choose their dietary requirements but might not able to make a decision about what to wear. So it very important not to assume incapacity unless proven that the person actually lack capacity.

<urn:uuid:f9e6e4f9-a13f-41d7-a107-c198f8519f1c>

CC-MAIN-2019-26

http://pensbyterry.com/explain-important-assume-individual-dementia-make-decisions/

s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2019-26/segments/1560628000894.72/warc/CC-MAIN-20190627055431-20190627081431-00443.warc.gz

en

Apples are second only to roses as the most enquired about plants at the Royal Horticultural Society. With the help of this completely revised new edition of Apples: A Field Guide anyone wanting to name an apple should be able to work out its identity and origins or find out where to go for help. You need no special knowledge, although at least three examples of the fruit from each tree that needs identification are helpful, and leaves preserved from the last two weeks of July can play a part in the process of elimination. Apples: A Field Guide also celebrates the beauty and diversity of this remarkable fruit and will direct the reader to sources for buying old varieties, learning more about planting trees or the creation of whole orchards and the care needed to make them productive. Publisher: - Tewin Orchard - more Code: - 9780954950859 Year: - 2015 Authors: - Clark, M.

<urn:uuid:4f399bfc-fecf-4554-aa2e-d3f82b015c35>

CC-MAIN-2019-26

http://www.treesource.co.uk/apples-%3A-a-field-guide-2nd-ed~4582

s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2019-26/segments/1560628000894.72/warc/CC-MAIN-20190627055431-20190627081431-00443.warc.gz

en

Last modified: 2014-05-29 by zoltán horváth Keywords: suiti people | latvia | Links: FOTW homepage | search | disclaimer and copyright | write us | mirrors image by António Martins-Tuválkin, 11 September 2007 Our colleague Ilmars Bite from Latvia, today on RussoVex mailing list reported the flag of the religious minority Suiti in Latvia. I searched around the link he provided and here is what I found at <www.suitunovads.lv>: "Suiti region has 2800 inhabitants, occupying 402 square kilometers in the Western part of Latvia. Inhabitants of this area call themselves "Suiti" and they are proud of their distinct identity and character of their own. History of Suiti goes back almost 400 years to a romantic story in 1623. Reformation in Grand Douchy of Courland took place 1561, when duke Gothard Ketler abandoned Catholic religion to become Lutheran. So did also most of population in Courland. But in 1623 the local land owner, count Johan Ulrih fon Schwerin in order to marry a Polish court lady Barbara Konarska agreed to become Catholic. In that year he invited Jesuits to establish a mission in Alsunga to help him transfer his peasants back to Catholicism. He donated land to the Catholic congregation and built a new church in Alsunga. When trying to expand Catholic influence in the surrounding area he run into a violent oposition from neibouring Lutheran land owners which led to poisoning of Johan Ulrich fon Schwerin in 1636. In the same year Lutheran priest was finally expelled from Alsunga and King of Poland Vladislav himself had to intervene in order to calm down this Catholic - Lutheran conflict. Schwerin family sold their property in 1728, but by then it already was a strong Catholic island surrounded from three sides by traditionally Lutheran areas and from one side boardered by the Baltic Sea. Enven though ir is not an island, for several centuries it has practically functioned as a one. Marriages across religious boundaries were strongly discouraged. The region lived to a certain degree in a religious, cultural and to some extent economic self-isolation. This religious based self-isolation helped to preserve a very rich traditional culture and customs, which in such a compact area is unique for Latvia. For Latvian culture this small Suiti region means its own national costume, its own dialect, over 52 thousand recorded folk songs, very detailed marriage and other customs, many of which are still today practiced in the daily lives of Suiti. Today Suiti region with its three Catholic churches, beautiful sea coast, historic architecture, rural landscapes, rich forest and natural resources and stubborn and independent minded people has stood up against the wish of the central Government in Riga to divide it into two parts and join to larger local government entities of Kuldiga and Ventspils. Two non-governmental organisations have been established in 2007 to support preservation of Suiti self-government. We think that protecting of our identity, which our ancestors have brought through centuries, is at stake. We cannot afford to lose it and we believe, that with the help of God we will prevail." The flag is shown here. If I understand correctly, flag was aproved by Ministry Cabinet on September 4th 2007 (but I can't understand which Ministry). Valentin Poposki, 7 September 2007 The flag is 3:5 horizontal bicolor dark red over white with overall a black-lined grey cross, with thin arms not reaching the edges, all the same length, and all but the bottom arm decorated with crosslet bottony and yokes (?), and a small filliform four-ray saltire splendor at the heart of the cross, with eight shorter secondary rays. António Martins-Tuválkin, 11 September 2007 According to website, Suiti is now "novads" - a district. But, according to plans for new municipal structure of Latvia, Suiti will be divided. Ilmars also reported about the protest of local population against government decision, trying to preserve their own community. However, Latvia at the moment is such a mess (from the aspect of local government territorial division), so Suitu novads could be just a project. As far as I know the existing Kuldigas rajons should be divided in three novads - Kuldigas, Skrundas and Suitu. Valentin Poposki, 12 September 2007 Suiti region is small catolic enclave in three rural parishes in Kuldiga and Ventspils districts - Alsunga, Gudenieki and partialy Jurkalne. In process of administrative reform they will to form separate unit, this was not allowed, because population is too small. Alsunga and Gudenieki are included in Kuldigas novads, Jurkalne - in Ventspils novads. Flag is created for people. Suiti don't accept the term "minority" - they are one of etnographicaly diverse group of latvians. There are many such groups - in Nica and Barta, Konini, Maliena, Ventava and of course Latgale. Suiti are one of most active and well known such groups and one of reasons is different confession. And they are only such group what demanded separate administration - others are with less power. Gvido Pētersons, 12 September 2007 The origin of the name came from the Finno-Ugric livonian language suoisti which means people from the marsh. Guy Babonneau, 19 September 2007

<urn:uuid:fefd265a-1035-49c9-8acf-21b5123cca38>

CC-MAIN-2019-26

https://fotw.info/flags/lv_suiti.html

s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2019-26/segments/1560628000894.72/warc/CC-MAIN-20190627055431-20190627081431-00443.warc.gz

en

Today marks an important date in New Zealand history. One hundred and fifty years ago one of the bloodiest battles of the New Zealand Wars took place between British troops and Māori warriors at their defensive earthworks at Rangiriri. By the time the battle was over early the next morning over seventy men had been killed and many more were wounded. At the time the British considered this a victory, but the events of that day are still debated, the wounds are still felt by many and the impact it had on this country is still greatly under-appreciated.On 20th November 1863, General Cameron’s force of British and Colonial troops approached the Māori defensive line at Rangiriri. The British were backed by artillery and gunboats. Throughout the afternoon, repeated attacks on the parapets failed and many men on both sides fell during fierce fighting. Two men from the Royal Artillery were both later awarded the Victoria Cross for their bravery during one of these attacks. The series of assaults were unsuccessful, and during the night some of the defending warriors slipped away. Early on the morning of the 21st November a white flag was raised by the remaining defenders and the British forces entered the redoubt and shook hands with the bemused Māori. They had not intended to surrender, but wanted to discuss terms. It seems easier to commemorate the sacrifice made by those New Zealanders who fell fighting on foreign battlefields than it does those who were killed at Rangiriri. This isn’t surprising. The New Zealand Wars have fallen out of living memory, were under-taught in our schools for generations, are under-represented in the media, the emotions they provoke can be uncomfortable; and their causes, outcomes and meaning are still keenly debated by academics – a healthy process but one that in my opinion can at times come at the cost of accessibility to the public. Today isn’t about celebration, or even necessarily about a search for reason and meaning, it is about commemoration and acknowledgement of those that fought on both sides. So far I have been disappointed at how little media attention has been given to the 150th anniversary of the Waikato Invasion. Looking at the TV schedule for this week I can’t see anything scheduled specifically to commemorate the anniversary, although there are a large number of documentaries for Sky viewers with an interest in the 50th anniversary of the Kennedy Assassination. However, I’m hopeful that there will be good news coverage of today’s commemoration at the battlefield where descendants from both sides will meet to remember the bravery of those who fought that day and remember those who fell. For those that can’t make it to the commemoration, here is a selection of relevant media that is available for viewing online. Marae Investigates – Battle of Rangiriri Marae Investigates – Interview with a Pakeha descendant ‘Rangiriri – Angry Sky’ – A documentary about an archaeological dig at the site The Governor – The Lame Seagull This episode of ‘The Governor’ includes a recreation of the battle. The scale of this dramatisation is almost unparalleled in New Zealand television history, yet sadly the series rarely sees the light of day, apparently due to rights issues that make it difficult to re-broadcast or distribute the series through other means such as DVD release. The original broadcast of this series in 1977 was highly controversial due to both the subject matter and the cost, but it also inspired many New Zealanders to learn more about their own history. That is something I’d always like to encourage, but especially on an anniversary like today. The Waikato invasion may be an uncomfortable topic, the memories painful, the reasons and outcomes still debated, but the worst thing we can do is pretend it didn’t happen. © Lemuel Lyes

<urn:uuid:63904545-01e0-4013-9ad2-3e00bfeaf377>

CC-MAIN-2019-26

https://historygeek.co.nz/2013/11/19/150th-anniversary-battle-of-rangiriri/

s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2019-26/segments/1560628000894.72/warc/CC-MAIN-20190627055431-20190627081431-00443.warc.gz

en

LIGUORI, St Alphonsus (Alphonso Maria de’). b. Marianella, near Naples, 27 September 1696; d. Pagani, near Salerno, 1 August 1787. Born into an ancient and noble family, he studied law at a very young age at the University of Naples (1708-13). He became a lawyer at Naples, but following what he saw as unjust practice he left the law in 1723 to study theology. He was ordained in 1726, and became Bishop of Castellamare di Stabia in 1730. There he founded the Congregation of the Most Holy Saviour in 1732, a community of priests dedicated to mission, especially among the poor and rural people. In 1749 it was confirmed by the Pope under the name of the Congregation of the Most Holy Redeemer,... Cite this article If you have a valid subscription to Dictionary of Hymnology, please log inlog in to view this content. If you require a subscription, please click here.

<urn:uuid:82e3eff7-b7df-4494-8fb2-569426f8ecca>

CC-MAIN-2019-26

https://hymnology.hymnsam.co.uk/a/alphonsus-liguori

s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2019-26/segments/1560628000894.72/warc/CC-MAIN-20190627055431-20190627081431-00443.warc.gz

en

ndia celebrates January 26th every year as her Republic Day to mark the date when the Constitution of India came into force. The Constitution was adopted by the Indian Constituent Assembly on November 26, 1949, and came into effect on January 26, 1950 with a democratic government system, completing the country’s transition towards becoming an independent republic. Minister of State for External Affairs M.J. Akbar is on his visit to Baghdad. The Indian Embassy arranged for a lunch meeting with him along with the Indian diaspora in Baghdad. Being observed as India’s Independence Day, August 15 is celebrated across the nation with great patriotism and enthusiasm. The UK Parliament passed the Indian Independence Act in 1947 on July 4, 1947 and transferred legislative sovereignty to the Indian Constituent Assembly. This was the end of the British rule in India and on August 15, 1947, India got its independence but by establishing two Dominions, India and Pakistan. Indian national flag was hoisted in the morning on this occasion at the residence of the Indian ambassador in Baghdad. Yoga is an Indian physical, mental, and spiritual practice or discipline. There is a broad variety of schools, practices and goals in Hinduism, Buddhism and Jainism. The origins of Yoga have been speculated to date back to pre-Vedic Indian traditions, but most likely developed around the 6th and 5th centuries BCE, in ancient India’s ascetic circles, which are also credited with the early sramana movements. The chronology of earliest texts describing yoga-practices is unclear, varyingly credited to Hindu Upanishads and Buddhist Pāli Canon, probably of 3rd century BCE or later. Maharshi Patanjali compiled Yoga sutras, which forms the basis of yoga circa 400 CE.

<urn:uuid:6b0fa64e-1168-45df-a1e7-d882ed4282b6>

CC-MAIN-2019-26

https://indroyc.com/tag/embassy-consulate/

s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2019-26/segments/1560628000894.72/warc/CC-MAIN-20190627055431-20190627081431-00443.warc.gz

en

Snowshoes allow people to walk on top of deep snow, instead of sinking into it. Here's a wearable craft that'll help you make your own shoe box snowshoes. How to Make Snowshoes What You'll Need: - Two shoe boxes or a few fallen evergreen boughs - Large rubber bands or old shoelaces Snowshoes work by spreading a person's weight over a larger area of snow, so the snow can support the weight. Here are a couple of quick and easy ways to make snowshoes: Use big rubber bands or shoelaces to strap shoe boxes or evergreen boughs to the bottoms of your boots. Now try walking in the snow. You'll find that walking in snowshoes is like walking in swim fins: It's important to lift the front of your foot high with each step. On the next page, you'll find out how change your shoelaces into curly ties.

<urn:uuid:6b840a5a-db1e-46b8-b6c3-b147a2f98e26>

CC-MAIN-2019-26

https://lifestyle.howstuffworks.com/crafts/wearable/kids-shoes1.htm

s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2019-26/segments/1560628000894.72/warc/CC-MAIN-20190627055431-20190627081431-00443.warc.gz

en

The mass of elemental can be written as dm = p dV, where dV is the volume of elemental, p remain constant. We can write from equation (6.2), x = ʃ x dV / V , y = ʃ y dV / V , z = ʃ z dV / V © Copyright 2012 – 2019 My Homework Help

<urn:uuid:4afd56fb-7775-47d7-9d7f-988074f4dad6>

CC-MAIN-2019-26

https://myhomeworkhelp.com/centroidal-coordinate-of-elemental-volume/

s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2019-26/segments/1560628000894.72/warc/CC-MAIN-20190627055431-20190627081431-00443.warc.gz

en

From the stunning rock formations to the fields of wild flowers, the Theodore Roosevelt National Park in North Dakota offers more than 70,000 acres of adventure. The park is also home to some of the most majestic and breathtaking animals in the United States—wild horses. “Legend has it that the Teddy Roosevelt horses are descendants of the horses that were used by Sitting Bull and the Sioux tribe to defeat Lt. Col. George Custer at the Battle of the Little Big Horn,” said Gus Cothran, a clinical professor at the Texas A&M College of Veterinary Medicine & Biomedical Sciences (CVM). “But the known history of the herd suggests that only some of the Sioux horses had been in the park area at one time. Probably little, if any, genetics of the Sioux horses remain in the horses of the Teddy Roosevelt Park today.” Cothran, who works in the animal genetics laboratory at the CVM, recently published a study in PLOS One that explored the Teddy Roosevelt horses’ genetic history to determine the possible origins of the herd. “The genetics agreed that the herd was probably of diverse origin,” Cothran said. “This happens through horses being removed and other horses being introduced to the herd.” Although their genes may have outgrown the legend, the Teddy Roosevelt horses are still a piece of living history. In fact, feral horses have existed in the park area since the mid-1800s. However, efforts to preserve feral horses didn’t begin until the 1950s. These preservation efforts still continue today and researchers at Texas A&M such as Cothran are proudly a part of this movement. Genetic diversity: Going, going, gone? In addition to exploring the genetic history of the Teddy Roosevelt horses, Cothran’s study also analyzed the horses’ genetic diversity. Genetic diversity refers to the amount of genetic characteristics in a species’ genetic makeup that differs among individuals. Species with more genetic characteristics, or genetic diversity, tend to survive and thrive in their environment better than species with less genetic diversity. Unfortunately, Cothran and his team of researchers found that the Teddy Roosevelt horses’ genetic diversity was limited. “Limited genetic diversity means that all of the individuals within the population are very similar to each other,” Cothran said. “This can lead to inbreeding depression, which basically means that a large proportion of the population is carrying deleterious recessive variants of genes, or genes that will decrease the animal’s ability to survive in its environment.” Luckily, Cothran and his research team found no evidence that the horses of the Theodore Roosevelt National Park are currently in danger of inbreeding depression. However, Cothran said, “They’re at a level of genetic variability that should raise concern. Their genetic variability is low enough that the possibility of an inbreeding effect is real.” After publishing their study in 2018, Cothran and his research team released a statement about adaptive management practices that could help increase genetic diversity within the herd. These practices would be carried out by the National Park Service and potentially include introducing new horses to the herd while still keeping the population low enough for the environment to sustain them. It takes a herd to save one The study was initiated by Blake McCann, a trained population geneticist at the National Park Service. McCann and Cothran began working together several years ago when McCann sent Cothran almost 200 hair samples from horses within the herd. Cothran, who has been researching wild horse genetics since the 1990s, began collaborating with Igor Ovchinnikov, who had also done genetic testing on this herd of horses through McCann. Along with several other researchers at Texas A&M, Cothran and Ovchinnikov analyzed the horse samples for both mitochondrial genetic diversity (genes passed on to offspring from the mother only) and nuclear genetic diversity (genes that are passed on to offspring from both parents). “This study was significant because it was the first time that a feral horse population had been comprehensively analyzed for both mitochondrial and nuclear genetic diversity,” Cothran said. “The study confirmed that the herd has low genetic diversity, which should be taken into consideration in future herd management.” After all, who wouldn’t want to help preserve a piece of living history? To learn more about the horses of Theodore Roosevelt National Park, visit https://www.nps.gov/thro/learn/nature/feral-wild-horses.htm.

<urn:uuid:4d3802dd-a2b2-43ec-a854-f9189550bf49>

CC-MAIN-2019-26

https://vetmed.tamu.edu/news/for-deans-corner/texas-am-researchers-help-preserve-history-through-equine-genetics-study/

s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2019-26/segments/1560628000894.72/warc/CC-MAIN-20190627055431-20190627081431-00443.warc.gz

en

Columbus Day is a legal holiday commemorating the discovery of America by Christopher Columbus. Columbus Day is a legal holiday commemorating the discovery of America by Christopher Columbus. It is on the second Monday in October, which in 2015 is Monday the 12th of October. If you mean "North Americans", a reason might be that he never discovered, let alone set foot in North America. North America by rights should celebrate "Leif Ericson Day" because Leif discovered and settled in North America some 600 years before Columbus - who only discovered the Caribean Islands and never ventured further to America's mainland. Columbus by the way remained to his dying day firmly convinced that he had discovered a part of the… Read More Because Columbus discovered America Columbus discovered America and claimed it on behalf of Spain. Apparently when Christopher Columbus set sail for India in 1492, he turned the wrong way and landed in modern-day North America. When he met the Native Americans residing there, he called them Indians and did not expect such tribal ways of living when everyone else told him that the actual Indians were siting in gold and riches (which is why other countries were out to get India, which was later colonized for the next 450… Read More Columbus Day does celebrate racist concepts of discovery, conquest and occupation. They did begin the transatlantic slave trade with captured Indians from Caribbean. The first Columbus Day celebration was held in 1792. New York City celebrated the 300th anniversary of Columbus landing in the New World. In 1892, President Harrison called on the people of the United States to celebrate Columbus Day on the 400th anniversary of the event. Since then we have been pooping in style. Its largely a matter of opinion, but we all learned about the exploits of Columbus in history, he is a central figure of all American history, both North and South. So, yes for that reason alone. Is there another man who is the subject of so many monuments in the Europe and the Americas? We have come to see Columbus as a person of mixed character: heroic in taking the large risks of heading out… Read More columbus day was never invented, it was however founded in what day i don't know Columbus day is significant because it was the day that clolumbus sailed and discovered land and named it the America we eat most of the same food as in other Western countries, but we eat the Norwegian tradisjonel such as food. fårikål (get in cabbage) and lapsgaus are some eksempl. citizenship day was constitution day About 190,000 out of a population of about 5 million in England. 60,000 out of a population of 1 million in Scotland. 600,000 out of 1.5 million in Ireland! Columbus Day is celebrated in the United states in October. In 2014, Columbus Day will be on Monday, October 13th. The Pledge of Alliegence Citizenship Day. didnt you no that lol Thomas Edison holds a record of over 1000 invention patents. His list of innovative inventions include: light bulb, phonograph, movie camera, carbon microphone, and mimeograph. October - specifically the 12th. what is christopher columbus date of birth Columbus was a rather incompetent explorer, a slave trader, forced most of the people he met to bring him gold and pearls even when they had none, etc. When he did encounter South America he was too sick to go ashore himself and based on the reports from his crew that he sent ashore, he decided he must have found the Garden of Eden. He landed in what is now Panama near the entrance of… Read More There are a number of holidays in the US calendar that are recognized but not celebrated nationwide. In a country the size of America, events that are important in one area may not be seen in quite the same way as in others. It is also worth mentioning that Thanksgiving is a celebration of one of the early milestones in the birth of the country. July 4th is another important milestone in history. Perhaps Columbus… Read More Traditions are those processes that are given to new generations by old generations.It (tradition)exists for a long time,while customs are very short processes that are made & finished. by killing them I cannot locate any real business law that states a bank cannot be closed for a certain number of days. Columbus's relationship with the Native Americans started out fine, but then as time went on it turned band and he started to wage war with them and he soon enslaved them. Columbus day was an official state holiday in Colorado since 1906 and an official federal holiday in 1937, but have been celebrated unofficially since the late 18th century. Columbus day is celebrated to honor Columbus' voyages to the New World. His "discovery" of the New World literally changed history forever. Many countries in the New World and elsewhere celebrate the anniversary of Christopher Columbus's arrival in the Americas, which occurred on October 12, 1492 in the Julian calendar and October 21, 1492 in the modern Gregorian calendar, as an official holiday. The day is celebrated as Columbus Day in the United States, as Día de la Raza (Day of the Race) in many countries in Latin America, as Día de las Culturas (Day of the… Read More The New York Stock Exchange will remain open for Columbus Day. The NYSE will close or did close for nine days in 2014 (New Year's Day, Martin Luther King Jr. Day, Washington's Birthday, Good Friday, Memorial Day, Independence Day, Labor Day, Thanksgiving Day, and Christmas Day). The NYSE closes early on Independence Day Eve, the friday following Thanksgiving Day and on Christmas Eve Day. Because they feel like they would be celebrating the death of their people, encouraging them for taking their land, and celebrating the slavery to the white man. it is the day christopher Columbus founded America when he thought he was in India so when he saw people on the land he called then INDIAn's and claimed the land Yes, the Richard J Daley Center is open on Columbus Day. The center is open every day of the year. Christopher Columbus had an extremely low view of the natives of the islands he voyaged to. He was documented holding the first friendly tribe he met hostage demanding to know where they got their gold. With the same tribe he made remarks on how they would make good slaves due to their good nature. He held very strong interest in converting them to Christianity offhandedly declaring that they had no religion without examining their culture… Read More I celebrate it because European culture might have never flourished here without ol' Chris. because it is the day when christopher coumbus sailed from spain and discoverd the Americans Columbus Day is celebrated in October (on the second Monday of the month). September 17th,1787 was the day the Constitution emerged from the Philadelphia convention. You can read all about the Constitution and it's concept in "The Federalist Papers". Christopher Columbus discovered the coast of South America. He also discovered the West Indies and Central America. He discovered the Bahamas, Cuba, and Haiti. San Jacinto Day is a Texas holiday. The 4th of July If you are supposed to be in school, you should be there. On the lighter side, here are some suggestions, though it is extremely possible that they will not work and you will have to go to school anyway: Get a glass of milk and mix it with orange squash, it will make you puke big time, If that doesn't help, get a red felt tip pen and draw spots on yourself and say you… Read More Second Monday in October In 1971 Congress declared Columbus Day a federal public holiday on the second Monday in October. September 8 is the best day ever in the world it was 1st celebrated in 1492 the 2nd monday in october Everyone in Canada, Mexico, and the United States celebrates Columbus Day. it truly depends on where you stand on the topic, and what your morals are. i personally think its wrong because he didn't even step foot on US soil, and that the Native Americans were here way before he got here, and he killed and tortured most of them. Also, he wasn't the one to discover the world was round, a man in Egypt did in the second century, so both of the reasons to… Read More Columbus Day is annually on the second Monday of October. Christopher Columbus invaded our land, enslaved our people, the Taino Indian (puerto ricans),Haitians &more, raped & sold our woman, tortured our people to the point of mass suicide, he drove our woman to be so ashamed they gave themselves abortions so their children wouldn't have to endure such cruelty. He slaughtered millions of our people & yet we were taught to give him thanks and to celebrate him? What a shame. I do not believe that there would be Columbus Day because other than the discovery and settlement of "the new world" Columbus was not very extraordinary (from my research). He was born into a poor family and never received formal education. Also, his knowledge of geography, navigation, exploration, and settlement was learned by listening to old sailors in the Port of Genoa and in Maderia (where his wife inherited land). yes it is you tell me New York City, held in 1792 One of them is obviously the electric light bulb. You should know that! 4th of July The name is gorro o gorro o gorro Columbus Day was first celebrated in Colorado in 1906. Columbus Day is celebrated on October 12th each year. It celebrates Christopher Columbus arrival in the Americas. Tradition mean custom. No different except that the spelling. Given the large number of customs and traditions in so many cultures around the world, and given how many trivial and contrived occasions people in the USA government have come up with, it is now possible to celebrate SOMETHING every day of the year! That's right, there are thousands of "special days" and there are only 365 days a year to celebrate them. That means that each day is used to celebrate MORE than one… Read More He didn't want his crew to turn the voyage around Constitution Day in the US is September 17. In India, it the last Thursday of the month. No, the stock and bond markets are closed for Presidents Day. Because it's celebrating the finding of North America and Mexico is in North America Not until 1937; some historians have said that President Roosevelt finally gave it the federal designation as one way to win the Italian vote-- it has long been a popular celebration among Italian-Americans, and some individual states (Colorado for one) had already made it a state holiday. On Monday the 11th Well,pesonally I think that most noweigian food i fish. Foolish people who believe that history of 1492 needs to be rewritten should have more important current events to be concerned about. Those opposing Columbus day believe he ushered in the evils of Europe to the New World. Based on their ideology, the state of Ohio may be asked to change the name of their capital city. We didn't discover America. The Indians were already here. It can't be his day for discovering something that already existed. It was going to be changed to Native American Day but instead was changed to Indigenous Day. North American Bancard Toll Free 1-800-856-0399 ext 301 Fax 818-824-6296 Email ContactUs@MerchantVIP.com Web www.MerchantVIP.com Colon dia (the capitol o in colOn has a line above it) It's actually Día de Colón October 13th is the day it is being celebrated in 2008. According to the Nasdaq website, the stock market will be open on Columbus day. See the Related Link below for their calendar. Yes October 12th te date of columbus is oct.8 It sank in 1492 in December. I have researched on the Web and found one suggestion put forth by a Native American Action group, "Indigenous Peoples Day" It is very apparent that Native Americans are extremely offended by the celebration of a man they consider to have not discovered, but merely encountered the lands of The Native Americans. They see that his encounter resulted in the spread of disease, the theft of Indian lands, and the Europeanization of a native land… Read More which state celebrate Columbus day? do we have work on this said day? There are a couple: Columbus Day in the United Sates: Dia de la Raza in most of Latin America: Discovery Day, Dia de las Culturas, Dia de la Hispanidad, National Day, and Dia de la Resistencia Indigena are all used as well. Also American names: Discoverer's day and Pioneer's day Stock Exchanges never sleep Colorado was the first state to celebrate Columbus Day. They celebrated it in 1906. not there yet! In the time it took you to type this questions, you could have called your bank and found out directly from them. Okay.....What's their phone number? In the time it took you to type this answer you could have just said YES or NO the the QUESTION! Okay........Whats your problem? NOT HERE THEY DONT.

<urn:uuid:2fa9fc8d-28e9-42af-808c-cf58fbb6cc3a>

CC-MAIN-2019-26

https://www.answers.com/Q/FAQ/4967

s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2019-26/segments/1560628000894.72/warc/CC-MAIN-20190627055431-20190627081431-00443.warc.gz

en

Shivaji was born at Shivner in 1627. His father was Shahji Bhonsle and mother Jija Bai. He inherited the jagir of Poona from his father in 1637. After the death of his guardian, Dadaji Kondadev in 1647, Shivaji assumed full charge of his jagir. Even before that he conquered Raigarh, Kondana and Torna from the ruler of Bijapur. He captured Javli from a Maratha chief, Chanda Rao More. This made him the master of Mavala region. In 1657, he attacked the Bijapur kingdom and captured a number of hill forts in the Konkan region. The Sultan of Bijapur sent Afzal Khan against Shivaji. But Afzal Khan was murdered by Shivaji in 1659 in a daring manner. Shivaji's military conquests made him a legendary figure in the Maratha region. Many came forward to join his army. The Mughal emperor Aurangazeb was anxiously watching the rise of Maratha power under Shivaji. He sent the Mughal governor of the Deccan, Shaista Khan against Shivaji. Shivaji suffered a defeat at the hands of the Mughal forces and lost Poona. But Shivaji once again made a bold attack on Shaista Khan's military camp at Poona in 1663, killed his son and wounded Khan. This daring attack affected the prestige of Khan and he was recalled by Aurangazeb. In 1664, Shivaji attacked Surat, the chief port of the Mughals and plundered it. This time Aurangazeb sent Raja Jai Singh of Amber to fight against Shivaji. He made elaborate preparations and succeeded in besieging the Purander fort where Shivaji lodged his family and treasure. Shivaji opened negotiations with Jai Singh and the Treaty of Purander was signed in 1665. According to the treaty, Shivaji had to surrender 23 forts to the Mughals out of 35 forts held by him. The remaining 12 forts were to be left to Shivaji on condition of service and loyalty to Mughal empire. On the other hand, the Mughals recognized the right of Shivaji to hold certain parts of the Bijapur kingdom. As Shivaji asked to exempt him from personal service to the Mughals, his minor son Shambaji was granted a mansab of 5000. Shivaji visited Agra in 1666 but he was imprisoned there. But, he managed to escape from prison and made military preparations for another four years. Then he renewed his wars against the Mughals. Surat was plundered by him for the second time in 1670. He also captured all his lost territories by his conquests. In 1674 Shivaji crowned himself at Raigarh and assumed the title Chatrapathi. Then he led an expedition into the Carnatic region and captured Ginjee and Vellore. After his return from this expedition, Shivaji died in 1680. Shivaji was also a great administrator. He laid the foundations of a sound system of administration. The king was the pivot of the government. He was assisted by a council of ministers called Ashtapradhan. However, each minister was directly responsible to Shivaji. Peshwa - Finance and general administration. Later he became the prime minister. Sar-i-Naubat or Senapati - Military commander, a honorary post. Amatya - Accountant General. Waqenavis - Intelligence, posts and household affairs. Sachiv - Correspondence. Sumanta - Master of ceremonies. Nyayadish - Justice. Panditarao - Charities and religious administration. Most of the administrative reforms of Shivaji were based on the practices of the Deccan sultanates. For example, Peshwa was the Persian title. The revenue system of Shivaji was based on that of Malik Amber of Ahmadnagar. Lands were measured by using the measuring rod called kathi. Lands were also classified into three categories - paddy fields, garden lands and hilly tracks. He reduced the powers of the existing deshmuks and kulkarnis. He appointed his own revenue officials called karkuns. Chauth and sardeshmukhi were the taxes collected not in the Maratha kingdom but in the neighbouring territories of the Mughal empire or Deccan sultanates. Chauth was one fourth of the land revenue paid to the Marathas in order to avoid the Maratha raids. Sardeshmukhi was an additional levy of ten percent on those lands which the Marathas claimed hereditary rights. Shivaji was a man of military genius and his army was well organized. The regular army consisted of about 30000 to 40000 cavalry supervised by havaildars. They were given fixed salaries. There were two divisions in the Maratha cavalry - 1. bargirs, equipped and paid by the state; and 2. silahdars, maintained by the nobles. In the infantry, the Mavli foot soldiers played an important role. Shivaji also maintained a navy. The forts played an important role in the military operations of the Marathas. By the end of his reign, Shivaji had about 240 forts. Each fort was put under the charge of three officers of equal rank as a precaution against treachery. Shivaji was really a constructive genius and nation-builder. His rise from jagirdar to Chatrapathi was spectacular. He unified the Marathas and remained a great enemy of the Mughal empire. He was a daring soldier and a brilliant administrator. There ensued a war of succession after the death of Shivaji between his sons, Shambaji and Rajaram. Shambaji emerged victorious but later he was captured and executed by the Mughals. Rajaram succeeded the throne but the Mughals made him to flee to the Ginjee fort. He died at Satara. He was succeeded by his minor son Shivaji II with his mother Tara Bai as regent. The next ruler was Shahu in whose reign the Peshwas rose to power. Copyright © 2018-2020 BrainKart.com; All Rights Reserved. Developed by Therithal info, Chennai.

<urn:uuid:76798c1d-ab42-4b70-b402-a7c581668f43>

CC-MAIN-2019-26

https://www.brainkart.com/article/The-Marathas---Shivaji---His-Life,-Conquests-and-Administration_1302/

s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2019-26/segments/1560628000894.72/warc/CC-MAIN-20190627055431-20190627081431-00443.warc.gz

en

More About Montessori When you enter a Montessori Classroom you will notice: - Students are free to move around the classroom, and may work at a table or on the floor. - Students are engaged in purposeful play and creative work. - Students working on their own and in small groups. - Respectful teacher/child interactions. - Positive interactions between children. - Focused attention and concentration with hands-on activities. - A well maintained and organized environment with multi-sensory learning materials on a variety of topics displayed on the shelves. - Encouragement of children to find their own deep sense of satisfaction and pride in their work as opposed to an extrinsic reward system. In her book Montessori: The Science Behind the Genius, Dr. Angelina Lillard hones in on the eight principles of Montessori education that make it so relevant today. These principles follow: - Movement and cognition: movement and cognition are closely entwined, and movement can enhance thinking and learning; - Choice: learning and well-being are improved when people have a sense of control over their lives; - Interest: people learn better when they are interested in what they are learning; - Extrinsic rewards are avoided: tying extrinsic rewards to an activity, like money for reading or high grades for tests, negatively impacts motivation to engage in that activity when the reward is - Learning from and with peers: collaborative arrangements can be very conducive to learning; - Learning in context: learning situated in meaningful contexts is often deeper and richer than learning in abstract contexts; - Teacher ways and child ways: particular forms of adult interaction are associated with more optimal child outcomes; and - Order in environment and mind: order in the environment is beneficial to children. Montessori is an Education for Peace During her lifetime, Maria Montessori spoke passionately of the importance of teaching peace to our children. There are four areas woven throughout the Montessori curriculum that form the basis of Peace Education. These areas are: Self-Awareness, Community Awareness, Environmental Awareness and Cultural Awareness. Developing awareness in these areas supports the growth of children into caring and engaged citizens. Each phase of the child’s development is enriched with experiences in these four areas adapted appropriately for the age level. Students who graduate from Montessori schools have the ability to problem-solve creatively, resolve conflict and act with empathy. About Maria Montessori - Maria Montessori: Her Life and Work by E.M. Standing Maria Montessori on the Montessori Method/Child Development/Peace - The Discovery of the Child - The Absorbent Mind - The Secret of Childhood - From Childhood to Adolescence - Education and Peace - The Montessori Method Others on Montessori Education - Our Peaceful Classroom by Aline Wolfe - Peaceful Children, Peaceful World by Aline Wolfe - Parents Guide to the Montessori Classroom by Aline Wolfe - The Montessori Way by Tim Seldin and Paul Epstein - Montessori in the Classroom by Paula Polk Lillard - Children of the Universe: Cosmic Education in the Montessori Elementary Classroom by Michael Duffy - Montessori Play and Learn: A Parents Guide to Purposeful Play from 2-6by Lesley Britton - Montessori: The Science Behind the Genius by Paula Polk Lillard - Nonviolent Communication: A Language of Life by Marshall B. Rosenberg - Respectful Parents, Respectful Kids by Hart and Kindle-Hodson - Parenting With Love by Marshall B. Rosenberg - Positive Discipline by Jane Nelsen - Beyond Discipline: From Compliance to Community by Alfie Kohn - Unconditional Parenting: Moving From Rewards and Punishments to Love and Reason by Alfie Kohn - The Art of Positive Parenting by Mickey Tobin - How to Talk So Kids Will Listen by Adele Faber and Elaine Mazlish

<urn:uuid:56f978e8-cac1-43e3-9881-9c7782aee70e>

CC-MAIN-2019-26

https://www.casadimir.org/about-montessori/

s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2019-26/segments/1560628000894.72/warc/CC-MAIN-20190627055431-20190627081431-00443.warc.gz

en

Oxygen Sensors: A Detailed Guide To How Oxygen Sensors Work & What They Do What is an Oxygen Sensor? The oxygen sensor (commonly referred to as an “O2 sensor”, as O2 is the chemical formula for oxygen) is mounted in the exhaust manifold of the vehicle to monitor how much unburned oxygen is in the exhaust as the exhaust exits the engine. Where are Oxygen Sensors Located? The amount of oxygen sensors a vehicle has varies. Every car made after 1996 is required to have an oxygen sensor upstream and downstream of each catalytic converter. Therefore, while most vehicles have two oxygen sensors, those V6 and V8 engines equipped with dual exhaust have four oxygen sensors — one upstream and downstream of the catalytic converter on each bank of the engine. What does an Oxygen Sensor do? Oxygen sensors work by producing their own voltage when they get hot (approximately 600°F). On the tip of the oxygen sensor that plugs into the exhaust manifold is a zirconium ceramic bulb. The inside and the outside of the bulb is coated with a porous layer of platinum, which serve as the electrodes. The interior of the bulb is vented internally through the sensor body to the outside atmosphere. When the outside of the bulb is exposed to the hot gases of the exhaust, the difference in oxygen levels between the bulb and the outside atmosphere within the sensor causes voltage to flow through the bulb. If the fuel ratio is lean (not enough fuel in the mixture), the voltage is relatively low — approximately 0.1 volts. If the fuel ratio is rich (too much fuel in the mixture), the voltage is relatively high — approximately 0.9 volts. When the air/fuel mixture is at the stoichiometric ratio (14.7 parts air to 1 part fuel), the oxygen sensor produces 0.45 volts. The Upstream Oxygen Sensor (Oxygen Sensor 1) Oxygen sensor 1 is the upstream oxygen sensor in relationship to the catalytic converter. It measures the air-fuel ratio of the exhaust coming out of the exhaust manifold and sends the high and low voltage signals to the powertrain control module in order to regulate the air-fuel mixture. When the powertrain control module receives a low voltage (lean) signal, it compensates by increasing the amount of fuel in the mixture. When the powertrain control module receives a high voltage (rich) signal, it leans the mixture by reducing the amount of fuel it adds to the mixture. The powertrain control module’s use of the input from the oxygen sensor to regulate the fuel mixture is known as a closed feedback control loop. This closed loop operation results in a constant flip-flop between rich and lean, which allows the catalytic converter to minimize emissions by keeping the overall average ratio of the fuel mixture in proper balance. However, when a cold engine is started, or if an oxygen sensor fails, the powertrain control module enters into open loop operation. In open loop operation, the powertrain control module does not receive a signal from the oxygen sensor and orders a fixed rich fuel mixture. Open loop operation results in increased fuel consumptions and emissions. Many newer oxygen sensors contain heating elements to help them get to operating temperature quickly in order to minimize the amount of time spent in open loop operation. The Downstream Oxygen Sensor (Oxygen Sensor 2) Oxygen sensor 2 is the downstream oxygen sensor in relationship to the catalytic converter. It measures the air-fuel ratio coming out of the catalytic converter to ensure the catalytic converter is functioning properly. The catalytic converter works to maintain the stoichiometric air-fuel ratio 14.7:1 while the powertrain control module constantly flip-flops between rich and lean air-fuel mixtures due to the input from the upstream oxygen sensor (sensor 1). Therefore, the downstream oxygen sensor (sensor 2) should produce a steady voltage of approximately 0.45 volts.

<urn:uuid:3b4bfb3a-977a-4435-8919-38c0ccce7c55>

CC-MAIN-2019-26

https://www.fixdapp.com/blog/oxygen-sensor

s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2019-26/segments/1560628000894.72/warc/CC-MAIN-20190627055431-20190627081431-00443.warc.gz

en

Icelandic communications links and even transatlantic flights could be disrupted by a second, more destructive volcano following this weekend’s eruption. Some 500 people were evacuated from their homes after the Eyjafjallajökull volcano 120 kilometres south-east of Reykjavik shot ash and molten lava into the air on Saturday night. Initial fears that the eruption had occurred directly beneath the Eyjafjallajökull glacier – which could have caused glacial melt, flooding and mudslides – proved unfounded. But volcanologists have warned that previous Eyjafjallajökull eruptions have triggered eruptions of neighbouring Katla, one of the largest volcanoes in Iceland. Katla erupted every 40 to 80 years in the thousand years before the last eruption in 1918. “The eruption is long overdue at Katla and there is quite a bit of anxiety in Iceland about the potential size of eruption,” says Dave McGarvie of the Open University in Milton Keynes, UK. The larger volcano, beneath the larger Mýrdalsjökull glacier, has a reputation for triggering huge jökulhlaup – the Icelandic term for the sudden release of meltwater from glaciers and ice sheets. Its last eruption generated a peak discharge of 1.6 million cubic metres per second within 4 to 5 hours and moved so much debris that Iceland’s coastline was extended by 4 kilometres. A new Katla eruption would be unlikely to kill anyone, because the area is sparsely populated and eruptions are usually preceded by earthquakes that would give plenty of time to evacuate. It would cut the main road link in the south of the island, however. Because the lower atmosphere is thinner closer to the poles, the giant cloud of fine particles released would more easily reach the stratosphere – where aircraft cruise – than would dust from volcanoes in most other countries. Depending on the wind, this could disrupt air travel in the north Atlantic, forcing aircraft travelling between the UK and Scandinavian countries and North America to take slower, more expensive routes further south than normal. The three eruptions of Eyjafjallajökull in the last 1100 years – in 920, 1612 and 1821 – have all triggered larger Katla eruptions. “With the current methods we have of resolving the plumbing systems of these volcanoes we can’t explain why one triggers the other, but we know there is a symbiotic relationship,” says McGarvie. Iceland is well prepared for volcanoes, with sophisticated monitoring systems combining GPS, seismometers and satellite data as well as established civil defence plans. A quarter of the island’s population died from the famine that resulted from the 1783 eruption of the Laki volcano, the worst in modern times in high latitudes. It sent a huge cloud of haze across Europe and parts of North America, triggering dramatic climatic changes, from the largest recorded snowfall in New Jersey to one of the longest droughts seen in Egypt.

<urn:uuid:96e870e4-793e-486d-8885-0bc833fc9dd7>

CC-MAIN-2019-26

https://www.newscientist.com/article/dn18690-iceland-waits-for-volcanic-shoe-to-drop/

s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2019-26/segments/1560628000894.72/warc/CC-MAIN-20190627055431-20190627081431-00443.warc.gz

en

PULP AND PAPER PROCESSES: PRAXAIR'S OZone Bleaching REduces Chlorine Usage A better alternative to chlorine In response to our planet’s growing environmental challenges, pulp and paper mills have eliminated the use of chemicals like chlorine in bleaching processes in order to eliminate the production of adsorbable organic compounds (AOX). Ozone bleaching, combined with oxygen delignification and other non-chlorine bleaching technologies, helps mills curb emissions and meet environmental standards cost effectively. The process results in a higher percentage of recycled process water, lower chemical oxygen demand discharges, and reduced color in mill waste. All of these benefits, in addition to the reduction of chlorine in the process, can help pulp mills meet tight environmental demands. - Chlorine and chlorine dioxide are replaced - AOX is reduced or eliminated - Biological oxygen demand/chemical oxygen demand is lowered and effluent color is reduced - Higher process water recycling rates can be achieved - An important step towards total chlorine free or elemental free pulp production and mill closure

<urn:uuid:61c2e27a-9bf3-4362-8500-fe2867d50409>

CC-MAIN-2019-26

https://www.praxair.com/industries/pulp-and-paper/bleaching

s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2019-26/segments/1560628000894.72/warc/CC-MAIN-20190627055431-20190627081431-00443.warc.gz

en

Comparative Natural Resistance of Some Maize Varieties to Sitophilus zeamais (Motschulky) - Select Volume / Issue: - Type of Publication: - Infestation, Resistance, Sitophilus zeamais, Susceptibility - O., Longe O.; A., Oso A. - This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International License. CC BY-NC-SA 4.0 Creative Commons License: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/ - Researchers have shown that seed resistance is a valuable tool in insect control. This study therefore, investigated the comparative natural resistance of six (6) maize varieties to Sitophilus zeamais under ambient laboratory conditions in Ado Ekiti, Nigeria. Treatment involved the measurement of 30g of clean, uninfested maize grains from the selected varieties, into covered Petri dishes. Each measure of maize grains in the covered Petri dishes was infested with 20 freshly emerged S. zeamais adults (10 males and 10 females) and left for 2weeks for the insects to mate and lay eggs after which the old weevils were removed for new ones to emerge... Full text: IJAIR_1634_342_Final.pdf

<urn:uuid:4feffa42-16ab-4e4a-8420-e9d3a18e19d5>

CC-MAIN-2019-26

http://ijras.com/index.php/issue?view=publication&task=show&id=148

s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2019-26/segments/1560627998298.91/warc/CC-MAIN-20190616202813-20190616224813-00483.warc.gz

en

Holistic health strategy is an ancient health strategy which considers the whole particular person and the way he interacts together with his or her environment. Holistic healthcare practitioners continually work toward the personal incorporation of the rules of holistic health, which then profoundly influence the standard of the therapeutic relationship. Sufferers are typically extra happy if a doctor takes an holistic approach, feeling that their doctor has time for them and their issues. Prevention and treatment: Integrative holistic practitioners promote health, stop sickness and handle disease processes. It now has members who embrace mainstream docs and healthcare professionals, complementary and alternative drugs practitioners, and lay people. Traditionally, holistic drugs, in all its different kinds, has been regarded with mistrust and skepticism on the part of the allopathic medical occupation. This materials is used with the permission of the the Academy of Integrative Health & Drugs (AIHM). Further analysis is anticipated to continue to substantiate that integrative health and medication support the triple aim to enhance the experience of care, to enhance the health of populations, and to cut back the per capita prices of well being care. Acupuncture and Conventional Chinese Medicine Schools: Students can either roll their bachelor’s and master’s levels into one program or earn a grasp’s separately. There is still skepticism in standard medication concerning these various forms of drugs. Traditional Chinese language Medicine (TCM) could also be one of the world’s oldest medical techniques. I am not the primary to say this, but the backside line is: if it really works, it’s medication. Optimal Health is the first goal of the follow of holistic well being and medication. Pleasant and colorful images of herbal remedies might look much less threatening or dangerous when compared to standard drugs. Holistic healthcare practitioners strive to satisfy the patient with grace, kindness, acceptance, and spirit without situation, as love is life’s most powerful healer. Examples of these include herbalism, wellness consulting, life coaching and holistic diet. To start your journey back to optimum health and happiness, schedule an appointment to see us at Cutler Integrative Medicine. Many individuals who try holistic therapies give attention to one area of their health solely, usually cleansing and vitamin. The term complementary drugs is used to discuss with the usage of each allopathic and holistic remedies. When a grown man makes use of the word quack” in reference to holistic practitioners or makes use of the term pure product” in a negative light is equally exhibiting a transparent bias. Especially in mild of recent occasions involving the mysterious deaths/disappearances of nicely-identified various doctors. Holistic well being relies on the regulation of nature that an entire is made up of inter dependent components. That’s why-regardless of all the nice PR and lip-service-there’s been little insurance coverage business help for true preventive healthcare, nutrition and holistic medication. Holistic physicians expend as a lot effort in establishing what sort of affected person has a illness as they do in establishing what sort of illness a affected person has. Do everyone else a favour and keep your disease carrying little turds at dwelling away from schools. Holistic physicians attempt to adopt an angle of unconditional love for patients, themselves and different practitioners. A more holistic and longer remedy, checking not only your area of criticism however examining for hidden causes of your ache. Since my cancer diagnosis 14 months ago, I have eliminated all processed meals and cook all from scratch.

<urn:uuid:ffcf1eec-ed28-4c13-94ca-c8f10501c248>

CC-MAIN-2019-26

http://www.pbdmauritius.org/about-us.html

s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2019-26/segments/1560627998298.91/warc/CC-MAIN-20190616202813-20190616224813-00483.warc.gz

en

April 15 in New York History 📝 On This Day 📝 Monday, April 15, 1912 — 107 years ago The RMS Titanic sinks, having struck an iceberg just before midnight en route to New York City from England. Over 1,500 were killed and 710 survived. Tuesday, April 15, 1947 — 72 years ago Jackie Robinson breaks the color barrier in baseball as he plays first base for the Brooklyn Dodgers, ending 80 years of segregation. The anniversary has been celebrated as Jackie Robinson Day since 2004 at various ballparks, when all players from both teams wear #42, Robinson's retired number. Sunday, April 15, 1984 — 35 years ago The "Palm Sunday Massacre" mass shooting in East New York kills 10 family members. The murders took place in the downstairs apartment of 1080 Liberty Avenue. The killer was convicted on lesser charges due to his emotional state, and only served 32 years in prison before being released. ⏰ AGBC Rewind ⏰ 8 years ago Record Store Day 2011 in New York City 🌎 World History 🌏 🌞 Weather Records 🌞 Record High: 87°F in 1941 Record Low: 28°F in 1943

<urn:uuid:fd6a3a3a-421c-44a1-a893-493b69254797>

CC-MAIN-2019-26

https://agreatbigcity.com/history/April-15

s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2019-26/segments/1560627998298.91/warc/CC-MAIN-20190616202813-20190616224813-00483.warc.gz

en

Chocolate Is Useful To Protect The Teeth Against Damage Chocolate is the food that is not easily stale, because chocolate contains polyphenols as antioxidants that may prevent chocolate from stale. Cocoa beans contain alkaloids which causes a bitter taste. Having in mind that the benefits of chocolate are extremely diverse, a variety of processed cocoa continues to experience growth. Chocolate many processed into chocolate snack or a chocolate bar. Chocolate Can Prevent Damage To The Teeth Researchers have found that chocolate can prevent damage to the teeth. This was so successful in combating decay that scientists believe are several components that may one day be added to mouthwash or toothpaste. Studies have found that parts of cocoa beans, the main ingredient of chocolate, thwart mouth bacteria and tooth decay. Chocolate has anti-bacterial effect on the mouth and can be effective against plaque and other harmful agents. Teeth decay occurs when bacteria in the mouth turns into acid, which damages the surface of the teeth and cause dental caries. Tooth must have acid producing bacteria around it to prevent the development of decay in the teeth, along with food to feed on the bacteria. Teeth that are susceptible to decay will have little or no fluoride in the enamel to fight plaque. Fluoride to prevent decay, although fluoride will not be able to do much if just once the decay has started to damage the teeth. The lack of a habit to clean your teeth (brush teeth) will allow the plaque and tartar to build it around teeth and speed up the process of decay. Even though your mouth has many bacteria are always present, but only one type of course which will produce acids that ward off tooth decay. Some people have active decay that is always happening in their mouths. People with active decay can easily be spread through eating, drinking from the same glass. Once the decay has settled in the tooth enamel, it will run very slowly. Once made it through to the second layer of the email, it will spread faster as the head of the pulp. Pulp is a vital area of ??the tooth, because it contains nerves and blood supply. This is where the pain will be most powerful, because the decay will start touch the nerves. Pit or fissure decay is a decay that is a bit more serious, forming a narrow groove along the sides of the teeth for chewing. This went much faster, and can damage your teeth much faster than smooth decay. Because the groove is so narrow, it will be difficult to clean with a toothbrush on a regular basis. Even though you may brush your teeth regularly, this type of damage is difficult to prevented without going to the dentist for regular checkups and cleaning. The last type of tooth decay, the decay of roots, starting at the root surface. This is usually the caused of dry mouth, a lot of sugar, or no dental care. Root decay is the most difficult to be prevented, and the most serious type of tooth decay. It can destroy teeth quickly, the affected tooth decay should be removed because there is no other choice. Tooth decay is not a light matter, and should always be treated before it decay to spread and affect other teeth. If you are diligent in visiting the dentist for regular checkups and cleaning, you can usually prevent this from scratch. Chocolate or not, you should always brush your teeth every day, and use mouthwash to kill bacteria! Between all that chocolate delight don’t forget to come in for your regular checkups and cleaning.

<urn:uuid:eac74f69-d376-45c7-8a8d-c3ddd2e2eaa7>

CC-MAIN-2019-26

https://kmansell.com/tag/chocolate/

s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2019-26/segments/1560627998298.91/warc/CC-MAIN-20190616202813-20190616224813-00483.warc.gz

en

Anthony Ashley Cooper 1801- 1885. Evangelical social reformer. He was educated at Harrow and Christ Church, Oxford, then entered Parliament in 1826. He was a Tory, though his growing concern with social issues-particularly his desire to improve working-class conditions which had been created by the Industrial Revolution-made him more independent politically. In 1828 he became a member of the Metropolitan Lunacy Commission and began his work for the mentally ill. In 1845 he persuaded Parliament to establish a permanent Lunacy Commission for the whole country, and he was its chairman until he died. From 1833 to 1847 his main political concern was with the factory question, which after a long battle resulted in the Ten-Hours Act (1847), though the question continued to occupy his attention until the Factory Act (1874). From 1840 he gave his support to other social questions. He championed the cause of the women and children working in mines and collieries, and secured the setting up of a Royal Commission of Inquiry into children's employment in general. It was not, however, until 1864 and 1867 that parliamentary acts regulated child and female labor, and not until 1875 did the Climbing Boys Act protect children used as chimney sweeps. He also promoted legislation to protect milliners and dressmakers. From 1859 Shaftesbury devoted more of his time to direct social work in connection with the slums, the Ragged School Union (of which he was chairman), and his own schemes of industrial schools and training ships. He was the leading evangelical in the midcentury, and strongly opposed Ritualism and Rationalism. He supported Catholic Emancipation (1829). As Lord Palmerston's stepson-in- law, he advised him on ecclesiastical appointments during his premiership. He was president of the British and Foreign Bible Society, and closely associated with the London City Mission, Church Missionary Society, YMCA, and Church Pastoral-Aid Society. See E. Hodder, Life and Work of the seventh Earl of Shaftesbury (3 vols., 1886), and G.F.A. Best, Shaftesbury (1964).

<urn:uuid:c1ee2133-808d-420d-860b-11941fdb368e>

CC-MAIN-2019-26

https://www.biblicaltraining.org/library/anthony-ashley-cooper

s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2019-26/segments/1560627998298.91/warc/CC-MAIN-20190616202813-20190616224813-00483.warc.gz

en

Cartilage and cartilage defects Cartilage is the tissue that separates bone surfaces. Articular cartilage, which is found in the joints, has a unique composition and structure. Its characteristics allow it to absorb high pressure and sliding forces and to transmit these to the bones. It is also a perfect sliding, selflubricating surface, which permits a mutual gliding and turning of the bones. Injuries of the joints and the articular cartilage can suddenly arise during sports, exercise and accidents. Because cartilage is avascular and the cartilage cells themselves have a low regenerative capacity, healing of this tissue is difficult to achieve. Over time untreated defects become larger and due to irregularities in the defect edges, adjacent cartilage also becomes damaged. This leads to severe pain and reduced mobility, with the only treatment for the problem at this stage being an artificial knee. It is therefore important that symptomatic cartilage defects are treated at the earliest possible time to prevent, or at least postpone the requirement for an artificial knee. Cartilage does not possess the ability to regenerate by itself. For the renewal of damaged articular cartilage, the methods that have proven effective are Microfracturing, Autologous Chondrocyte Implantation (ACI) and Autologous Matrix-Induced Chondrogenesis (AMIC).

<urn:uuid:198c783d-d694-4f3d-8868-5f937f899fd1>

CC-MAIN-2019-26

https://www.geistlich-pharma.com/en/patients/cartilage-bone-regeneration/cartilage-regeneration/

s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2019-26/segments/1560627998298.91/warc/CC-MAIN-20190616202813-20190616224813-00483.warc.gz

en

According to a study published in the July issue of Psychology of Music, playing musical games can help cultivate a sense of empathy in children. “Perhaps the most important thing the study tells us about the development of emotional empathy is that it is amenable to intervention,” Tal-Chen Rabinowitch of the University of Cambridge, the lead author of the study, told PsyPost. “We now have the (very friendly and enjoyable) tools to influence and enhance emotional empathy in children, a significant building block for shaping a more empathic and other-minded society.” The study was co-authored by Ian Cross and Pamela Burnard of the University of Cambridge. For their study, the researchers ran a musical program over the length of an entire school year. Children ages 8-11 participated in the program in several small groups. The program was comprised of various musical games, which were based on previous studies that uncovered the specific elements in musical group interaction that promoted empathy. “What is special about musical interaction is that it relies on a remarkably rich and intense blend of social, cognitive and emotional skills that appear to be also important for emotional empathy (e.g. imitation, entrainment, unarticulated communication, etc.),” Rabinowitch explained. “We believe that this is not mere chance, but that it is the product of what we hypothesize to have been a co-evolution of music and social structure. This being said, there are of course other forms of interaction that may also positively impact empathy, but music seems to stand out.” The researchers also established two control groups. One group participated in a program similar to the musical program, which included various games but no musical interaction. The second group of children didn’t participate in any program. Rabinowitch and her colleagues measured the children’s emotional empathy before and after the study. They found a substantial increase in empathy scores following the musical program. In addition, the children in the musical program had higher average scores compared children in the control groups at the end of the study. “As for caveats, in this type of study it is very difficult to control for experimenter bias,” Rabinowitch told PsyPost. “Although the actual scoring for emotional empathy was completely computerized and automatic, the musical and control interaction sessions were mediated by me. One might argue that, in principle, I could have somehow subconsciously induced more empathy in the music group compared to the control games group (it should be noted though that empathy or anything to do with it were never explicitly discussed with the children).” “But on the other hand, this allowed me direct access to the various group dynamics and also rendered the music and control interventions more comparable, since the children from both groups met with the same mediator. In any case, we plan in the future to run a much larger scale study including specially trained mediators.”

<urn:uuid:a5c467a5-d1e6-4cd1-a7a8-a7b2295e04c3>

CC-MAIN-2019-26

https://www.psypost.org/2013/07/building-an-other-minded-society-musical-interaction-cultivates-empathy-in-children-19225

s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2019-26/segments/1560627998298.91/warc/CC-MAIN-20190616202813-20190616224813-00483.warc.gz

en

Starch is a carbohydrate consisting of a large number of glucose units joined together by glycoside bonds. This polysaccharide is produced by all green plants as an energy store. It is the most important carbohydrate in the human diet. Starch occurs in nature in many ways. It is contained in such staple foods as potatoes, wheat, maize (corn), rice, and cassava. Potato Starch is one starch derived from potatoes in the process of mechanical separation of starch grains from other parts of potato, washing out, purification, drying and sieving. This starch is intended both to food and technical applications. Net 25 KG valve paper bag. |Odour||Typical of potato starch, free from foreign odour| |Taste||Typical of potato starch, free from foreign taste| |Colour||Pure white, no darker than standard I| |Colour in CIE, L system||Not less than 93| |Moisture||Not more than 20%| |GMO||The product is not genetically modified, and has not been produced from genetically modified raw materials| |Allergens||Product is free from allergens| |Pesticides||There is no residue of the tested active substances of plant protection higher than acceptable|

<urn:uuid:1ef367e6-e808-455c-9ec3-5d102398e2c2>

CC-MAIN-2019-26

http://makendi.com.tr/potato-starch

s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2019-26/segments/1560627998605.33/warc/CC-MAIN-20190618023245-20190618045245-00083.warc.gz

en

The field of 3D bioprinting has exploded in recent years largely due to the advances in additive manufacturing technology along with progress in material chemistry and tissue engineering techniques. The key ingredients that make up the complex bioprinted structures are comprised of hydrogel-based biomaterial/s often coined as ‘bioinks’ and a cellular component that serves as building blocks to create a 3D printed biological tissue. Clearly, the choice of the cell source, proteins and other biological ingredients depends largely on the desired final application. For the purpose of this blog, we will only focus on the desire to create bioprinted tissue for clinical translation. Which cell should I use? Cells for clinical use can be derived from the patient (autologous) or a donor (allogeneic). In many tissue engineering applications, stem cells are used due to their properties in self-renewal and differentiation. Adult stem cells, currently being the most clinically viable solution, include hematopoietic, mesenchymal, neural and epithelial. While hematopoietic stem cell transplantation is widespread, it has limited utility in tissue engineering applications due to its limited differentiation capabilities primarily toward blood lineages. Neural stem cells are most effective in neural regeneration but the limited source makes it very challenging to become clinically relevant. Mesenchymal stem/stromal cells (MSCs), on the other hand, has a significant advantage due to its tri-lineage differentiation ability and immunomodulatory functions thus it has been widely used in various therapeutic indications including brain trauma, graft-versus-host disease and cardiovascular disease. Moreover, MSCs have already demonstrated clinical safety in > 800 clinical trials treating over 30,000 patients to-date. How many cells do I need? In order to print a 3D tissue, we need a significant number of cells seeded at a relatively high density to achieve full tissue mimicry. Exactly how many cells would one require? Let us take a look at a simple example of the knee meniscus. The figure below (left) illustrates a 3D model of an adult meniscus with rough dimensions of 3.5 cm in diameter and 5.3 mm in height. If we were to print this structure at 30% infill, it would require a total volume of ~2.5 mL of bioink. Several studies in bioprinting cartilage tissues have reported that cells would need to be seeded at high densities, a minimum of 10-25 million cells/mL in order to form cartilage in vivo[1, 2]. Thus, in this print, we would require roughly 62.5 million MSCs for a single print. For an intervertebral disc with a diameter of 4 cm and height of 10 mm (Figure on the right), the total volume of bioink required to perform a print would be 4 mL thus the total number of cells required would be 100 million for a single print. These two examples serve to illustrate the number of cells required to bioprint a simple 3D tissue. For larger tissues or organs, one can imagine that you will need a significantly higher number of cells, in the orders to 10 billion or more, to achieve desirable cell distribution through the tissue. 1. Cohen et al., 2018. Tissue engineering the human auricle by auricular chondrocyte-mesenchymal stem cell co-implantation. PLoSOne13(10): e0202356. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0202356 2. Moller et al., 2017. In vivochondrogenesis in 3D bioprinted human cell-laden hydrogel constructs. Plast Reconstr Surg Glob Open. 5(2): e1227. Doi: 10.1097/GOX.000000000000127

<urn:uuid:803b1352-9f4d-4b48-a1bb-53b899a16cae>

CC-MAIN-2019-26

http://roosterbio.blogspot.com/

s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2019-26/segments/1560627998605.33/warc/CC-MAIN-20190618023245-20190618045245-00083.warc.gz

en

In Class 4 this term we will be doing lots of work across the curriculum linking to our topic of Stone Age and linking to our literacy text 'Stig of the Dump'. This will involve covering different advances of the Stone Age in History, researching different settlements in Geography and designing caves and shelters in Design and Technology. In Maths we will be deepening the children's reasoning and problem solving within the key concepts of Place Value and the 4 operations. In ICT for the first part of this term we will be using the Ipads and simple software to create photo stories. Click here for Curriculum Overview for Year 4

<urn:uuid:7cdb83bb-7ca4-4159-bd26-974fa1e33282>

CC-MAIN-2019-26

http://www.olsp.eriding.net/learning/year-4

s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2019-26/segments/1560627998605.33/warc/CC-MAIN-20190618023245-20190618045245-00083.warc.gz

en

Artisans in Europe, 1300-1914 This book is a survey of the history of work in general and of European urban artisans in particular, from the late middle ages to the era of industrialization. Unlike traditional histories of work and craftsmen, this book offers a multi-faceted understanding of artisan experience situated in the artisans' culture. It treats economic and institutional topics, but also devotes considerable attention to the changing ideologies of work, the role of government regulation in the world of work, the social history of craftspeople, the artisan in rebellion against the various authorities in his world, and the ceremonial and leisure life of artisans. Women, masters, journeymen, apprentices, and non-guild workers all receive substantial treatment. The book concludes with a chapter on the nineteenth century, examining the transformation of artisan culture, exploring how and why the early modern craftsman became the industrial wage-worker, mechanic or shopkeeper of the modern age. O que estão dizendo - Escrever uma resenha Não encontramos nenhuma resenha nos lugares comuns. The meaning of work ideology and organization The craft economy Authority and resistance I artisans in the polity Authority and resistance II masters and journeymen Outras edições - Visualizar todos activity apprentices artisanry artisans authorities bakers butchers called Cambridge capital cities cloth compagnonnages confraternities corporate corporatism craft craftsmen Culture demand Dijon discipline early modern Europe early modern period economic eighteenth century elite employers endogamy England Europe European everywhere example fifteenth Florence fourteenth century Frankfurt French games of chance Germany goldsmiths guild guild statutes guildsmen hierarchy historians History honor household Hugo Soly increasingly industry journeymen tailors Kaplan labor market late medieval late Middle Ages livery companies livres London luxury manufacture master artisans masters and journeymen mastership membership Menetra merchants metiers municipal neymen Nordlingen officers oligarchy organization Paris Parisian patricians percent political population production putting-out system Quoted ranks rebellion regulation revolution sector seventeenth century shipbuilding shoemakers shops sixteenth century skill social society solidarity status Steven L tailors taverns textile tion town council trades urban Venice wage-workers wages wealth weavers women workers workshop

<urn:uuid:6c1c3a52-a20d-4c77-905a-f486091f6c42>

CC-MAIN-2019-26

https://books.google.com/books/about/Artisans_in_Europe_1300_1914.html?hl=pt-BR&id=QxJ3I5JgQzYC

s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2019-26/segments/1560627998605.33/warc/CC-MAIN-20190618023245-20190618045245-00083.warc.gz

en

Report from June 1994 In October 1993, Professor and Mrs. Troy L. Péwé visited members of the International Permafrost Association in Italy. Professor Péwé presented invitational lectures on the origin and distribution of permafrost as well as of the history and status of the IPA at universities in Naples, Rome, and Camerino. Students of Professor Francesco Dramis are actively studying rock glaciers in the Alps and periglacial mass movement in the central Apennines, especially at Campo Imporatore. Recent work indicates modern permafrost may be present in the central Apennines. Submitted by T.L. PéwéReport from December 1994 The Italian Adhering Body of the International Permafrost Association, which is composed of some 40 researchers belonging to several universities and research centers, is presently working on several research projects. Most of the efforts are devoted to high mountain permafrost, which is present throughout the Alps. There, research in progress mostly deals with characterization of rock glaciers and other permafrost-related features, such as landslides affecting partially frozen slopes (a huge one recently affected the Valtellina). In the Apennines, both fossil (i.e. stratified slopewaste deposits and rock glaciers) and "active" phenomena have been studied. Regarding the latter, the BTS measurements have confirmed the presence of permafrost in a valley located close to the top of Malella Mountain in the Abruzzi region of central Italy. Fresh-looking rock glaciers have been identified, thus fixing a new southern limit of sporadic permafrost for the whole Northern Hemisphere. In addition to these studies on mountain permafrost, an investigation of periglacial phenomena in the Terra Victoria (Antarctica) has been initiated. Research was planned to begin by late October, while preliminary studies (photo interpretation, etc.) were already underway. A pre-conference excursion is being planned within the framework of the Fourth International Conference on Geomorphology, to be held in Bologna during summer 1997. This event, organized together with W. Haeberli and the IPA Working Group on Mountain Permafrost, will deal with mountain permafrost and slope stability in the periglacial belt of the Alps, and will include a scientific meeting as well. A postconference field trip in central Italy has been scheduled which will illustrate fossil periglacial (i.e., stratified slope-waste deposits and, subordinately, rock glaciers) and glacial phenomena, including the only active glacier in the Apennines. Submitted by F. Dramis

<urn:uuid:a88cd8e5-ba0c-4dd9-ae9e-516b5505da33>

CC-MAIN-2019-26

https://ipa.arcticportal.org/publications/ipa-country-reports/1549-1994/758-italy

s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2019-26/segments/1560627998605.33/warc/CC-MAIN-20190618023245-20190618045245-00083.warc.gz

en

Hare are hunted with packs of hounds, beagles, and bassets (also referred to as ‘beagling’, where the hounds are followed on foot) and by harriers (followed on horseback). These hounds were bred, not for the speed but for the stamina that guaranteed the lengthy chase the hunters sought. The hare is not a native species to the UK and was introduced by the Romans. During the late 1800s, there were about four million brown hares in Britain. But recent surveys show the brown hare has declined by more than 80% during the past 100 years and the decline is ongoing. In some parts of Britain, such as the south-west, the brown hare is almost a rarity and may even be locally extinct. The reasons for this decline are not entirely clear, but the intensification of agriculture has certainly been a major factor. Hare do not hibernate or store appreciable amounts of fat in their bodies, so they need a constant food supply throughout the year. This can only be provided by landscapes rich in biodiversity. Their ancestral homes of past eons provided a diversity of grass and herb species maturing in succession throughout the year. Hare actually prefer to eat wild grasses and herbs, with grasses predominating in the winter and herbs in the summer, but 150,000 miles of hedgerow have been destroyed during the past 50 years, depriving hare of this source of food and shelter. Larger fields containing single crops also mean hare have to travel further in their effort to maintain continuous grazing. Due to this, the hare can only be considered a minor agricultural nuisance unless numbers are excessively high. Damage to cereal and grass crops is generally so low, as not to be noticed by farmers. In rare instances, the damage might be more severe, particularly to crops such as peas, sugar beet and vines, but this is on a small scale and, in general, farmers are not concerned by damage to crops caused by the hare. Their impact on commercial forestry is negligible, and any reduction in the growth the young conifers is generally quickly recouped. (The Brown Hare in Britain by Stephen Harris and Graeme McLaren University of Bristol 1998) “In hunting, whether it be of fox or hare, every follower should identify himself with hounds’ aims and give his entire sympathy to them. If he allows himself to sympathise with the hare, his pleasure in the chase will be neutralised and he might as well go home at once.” (The Art Of Beagling, Captain J. Otho Paget. Pub. H.F. & G. Witherby. 1931. Page 217) Despite its decline, the hare is the only game species in Britain which does not have a close season. Large, organised shoots in East Anglia during February and March can account for 40% of the entire national brown hare population, in addition to hunting by hounds. And since the breeding season is well underway by February, orphaned leverets are left to die of starvation. Hare do have a remarkable ability to recover from such slaughter, but the welfare implication of this is clearly enormous. One of the oddities of our legal system is that it is illegal to hunt the hare on a Sunday; a law which was meant to encourage church attendance. The European or brown hare (Lepus europaeus) is currently on the list of endangered and threatened animal species in the British Isles but receives no specific legal protection. In the mid-1990s, concern at the brown hare’s decline led to a government Biodiversity Action Plan which had among its aims a doubling of the brown hare population by the year 2010. Recent research at the University of Bristol suggests that this target is unlikely to be achieved by habitat management alone and that measures would need to be taken to reduce hare mortality if that is to be achieved. The reintroduction of the legalisation of coursing and hunting with hounds will, by its very nature, not assist that. There are 59 beagle packs and 19 harrier packs registered in the UK and, despite claims of trail hunting, this has never been witnessed. When challenged, most hunts will claim to be chasing rabbits; an animal which acts in a completely different fashion to hare by running for its burrow when disturbed, as opposed to the hare, who stay above ground despite the danger. Rabbits cannot be hunted in a similar fashion to hare for this reason. The hare hunting season runs from September or October (depending on the type of pack used) until March, a period that encompasses the main hare breeding season, in early Spring and it is by no means uncommon for hunts to kill pregnant hare or leverets. Whilst there is no formal leveret hunting to match the "cub hunting" prelude to fox hunting, there is still the notion of training the hounds on a more vulnerable quarry. Like fox hunters, hare hunters know a few tricks to enhance their fun at the expense of their quarry. In the run up to the hunting ban (2004), the bagging of hare became like the bagging of foxes. Hare were boxed more than bagged. They were commonly netted and transported around the country in small wooden crates to be released for hunting. This caused much suffering to the transported hare and spread disease among the hare population. This was most prevalent during hare coursing events such as the Waterloo Cup, which takes place near Liverpool, and where large numbers of hare are required over a small period of time. The local hare population cannot naturally supply such excessive numbers. This bagging activity was reported in ‘The Current Status of the Brown Hare (Lepus europaeus) in Britain’ by Michael R. Hutchings and Stephen Harris 1996 for the Joint Nature Conservation Committee. The hare hunting community also put on week long "festivals" where packs from all over the country gather to hunt a relatively small area, such as Alston (Cumbria) or Severn Vale, for a period of one or two weeks, and where there are two packs of hounds hunting each day. The impact on the local hare population is devastating unless bagged hare are also introduced. These "festivals" have continued since the introduction of the hunting act. Hare are reluctant to leave their territory and don't venture onto new ground under threat, as a result, hare hunting takes place over a limited area of the country of not more than one or two square miles. Hare spend their lives above ground, so do not "go to ground" like foxes or mink when being hunted. The chase can last up to 90 minutes before the hare is finally killed by the hounds. Hunted hare are run to complete exhaustion and, for the individual hare, the effect on their body is devastating. In one graphic account by the Eton College Hunt, the Master claimed: “The best run the Beagles had during his Mastership was in the region of Dorney, where they ran a hare for an hour and five minutes, covering more than six miles. In the end, she burst her heart just in front of hounds.” Lord Burns' Hunting Inquiry pronounced the not too astonishing view that hare hunting, "seriously compromises the welfare of the hare." For most people today, the killing of animals requires justification. Doing so simply for fun is no justification. Hares were hunted with packs of dogs, not for food, not as pest control, but simply for entertainment. Such callousness would be bad enough were hare common. That they are now, by any account, locally rare is particularly outrageous.

<urn:uuid:8c3b891a-8a83-4add-82af-a2c4e7ced721>

CC-MAIN-2019-26

https://ssl.save-me.org.uk/our-work/fox/185-about-hare-hunting

s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2019-26/segments/1560627998605.33/warc/CC-MAIN-20190618023245-20190618045245-00083.warc.gz

en

Microsoft is exploring the possibility of using resilient data centres submerged in the sea for quick provisioning facilities that offer lower costs, better responsiveness and environmental sustainability. Called Project Natick, Microsoft researchers submerged a data centre in August last year, one kilometre off the coast of California, and operated it for four months. Two of the key benefits of submersible data centres for customers are rapid deployment in 90 days and low latency, as facilities can be placed closer to users, Microsoft said. The surrounding water provides cooling for the data centre, which Microsoft expects to be powered by renewable energy sources. Microsoft said it envisions Project Natick in a cloud-based future, deployed in areas that have large bodies of water. Around half of humanity lives close to the sea or lakes, said the vendor. The submersible data centre was originally named after an Xbox game character, Leona Philpot. The facilities are designed to have five-year deployment cycles, with a total target lifespan of 20 years. They are designed to be retrieved and recycled. There is currently no timeframe for the commercial deployment of Project Natick submersible data centres. Microsoft said it is exploring the feasibility and business acceptability of sunk data centres, and said it was still early days for such facilities.

<urn:uuid:77beee28-48af-4597-8a59-74b111e12eec>

CC-MAIN-2019-26

https://www.crn.com.au/news/microsoft-completes-underwater-data-centre-trial-414480

s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2019-26/segments/1560627998605.33/warc/CC-MAIN-20190618023245-20190618045245-00083.warc.gz

en

Beipu Citian Temple | 北埔慈天宮 © Tourism Bureau (Photo credit: Hsu Shih-jung) Located at the end of Beipu Street, Beipu’s Citian Temple is the first temple established in the area. The main god worshipped here is the Guanyin Bodhisattva (Goddess of Mercy). Accompanying gods include Mazu (the Goddess of the Sea), the Wugushen (God of Five Grains), Wenchang Dijun (God of Culture and Literature), Lord of the Three Mountains, Zhusheng Niang Niang (the Goddess of Births) and the Fude Zhengshen (the God of Land). Citian Temple is not only the most important temple in the Beipu area, but also an important testimony to the history of the development of the Hsinchu mountainous area in the years following the Qing dynasty Daoguang emperor’s rule. It is also an important witness to the cooperation between settlers from Fujian and Guangdong provinces in China and the dispelling of confrontation between ethnic groups. Inside the temple, there are several stone pillars carved in the shape of dragons, which are rare. There is a pair of lions in front of the temple, which are also carved out of stone. They are very unique and have been listed as tier-3 monuments. The facade of the temple’s front hall or entrance (known as Sanchuan Hall) is characterized by sandstone carvings. The stone pillars at the front of the temple are carved in the shape of dragons coiled around the pillars. These pillars and the two lions guarding the central entrance are carved in an extremely simple style. It’s a style rarely used in Taiwanese temples, especially the coiled dragons rising to the top of the pillars. The woodwork inside the temple is exquisite, especially the “flying fairies with wings” material used on the decorated wooden drums descending from the ceiling. In addition, the two groups of 24 filial pillars in the temple are carved in a smooth and charming way; they are also rarely seen in Taiwan’s temples. In front of the temple, there are many shops that sell snacks and specialty products. During the Lantern Festival, Beipu residents will set up bamboo torches and gather on the square in front of the temple. Then they will form groups to climb Xiuluan Mountain to worship the mountain god. After the parade, they will return to the square in front of the temple to guess riddles. On the 19th day of the second month of the lunar calendar, the goddess Guanyin’s birthday is celebrated and many people would gather here for a big worshipping ceremony. Jiang Family Temple | 姜氏家廟 The Jiang Family Temple is located in Beipu Township, Hsinchu County. It was completed in 1924. It is the first temple built by Taiwan’s Jiang clan. It was built with more than 36,000 Japanese yen and took more than three years to complete. The temple is used as a place to display the plaques of the Jiang family’s ancestral spirits and for future generations of descendants to pay their respects. Therefore, this temple represents the traditional spirit of the Han Chinese race to remember their ancestors and pursue the ethics of filial piety. The Jiang family led the cultivation and reclamation of the Da’ai area, and as a result hold an irreplaceable important position in the development history of the southwestern mountainous area of Hsinchu. The Jiang Family Temple is the witness to the glorious history of the Jiang family, and is listed alongside Jin Guang Fu Hall, Citian Temple and Tienshuei Hall as the most important ancient buildings in Beipu. In 2004, the Hsinchu County Government’s Cultural Affairs Bureau designated the Jiang Family Temple as a county monument. As the largest family in Beipu, the Jiang family hired a number of craftsmen who were famous in Taiwan at the time, to build the temple. The Jiang Family Temple was designed by Hsu Ching (徐清), the excellent apprentice of temple building master Yeh Jin-wan (葉金萬). The painted parts were made by the famous master Qiu Yu-po (邱玉坡) and his son Qiu Zhen-bang (邱鎮邦) from Dapu, Guangdong; the parts painted in gold are the most special. The wood carvings were presided over by Hsu and Hsu Chun-quan (徐春泉). The carvings by the two men’s sculptors have their own characteristics; the characters and animals are lively and they are a breathtaking sight. The stone carvings are the works of Xin A-jiu (辛阿救). The architectural techniques in the temple are extraordinary and have high artistic value. They are the architectural treasures of Hsinchu County and they are also the masterpieces of Hakka masters. Among them, famous master of Hakka paintings Qiu Yu-po’s gold painting was a fine example of the artistry and skills involved. For the Jiang Family Temple, he crossed the Taiwan Strait to come to Taiwan, leaving the national treasure-level work for the family temple, which is also the only remaining work of its kind in Taiwan.

<urn:uuid:ad1a0c68-058d-466e-af5e-9946b39b60fd>

CC-MAIN-2019-26

https://www.hakka.gov.tw/Content/Content?NodeID=692&PageID=40669&LanguageType=ENG

s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2019-26/segments/1560627998605.33/warc/CC-MAIN-20190618023245-20190618045245-00083.warc.gz

en

Zosimus (Greek Ζώσιμος): Early Byzantine, pagan author of a history of the Roman Empire, published in the first quarter of the sixth century CE. The translation of Zosimus' New History offered here was printed in 1814 by W. Green and T. Chaplin in London, and was probably prepared by J. Davis of the Military Chronicle and Military Classics Office. The translator is anonymous. The text was found at Tertullian.org. The notes were added by Jona Lendering. [2.30.1] Being unable to endure the curses of almost the whole city, he sought for another city as large as Rome, where he might build himself a palace. Having, therefore, discovered a convenient scite between Troas and old Ilium, he there accordingly laid a foundation, and built part of a wall to a considerable height, which may still be seen by any that sail towards the Hellespont. Afterwards changing his purpose, he left his work unfinished, and went to Byzantium, [2.30.2] where he admired the situation of the place, and therefore resolved, when he had considerably enlarged it, to make it a residence worthy of an emperor. The city stands on a rising ground, which is part of the isthmus inclosed on each side by the Golden Horn and Propontis, two arms of the sea. It had formerly a gate, at the end of the porticos, which the emperor Severus built after he was reconciled to the Byzantines, who had provoked his resentment by admiting his enemy Niger into their city. [2.30.3] At that time the wall reached down from the west side of the hill at the temple of Venus to the sea side, opposite to Chrysopolis. On the north side of the hill it reached to the dock, and beyond that to the shore, which lies opposite the passage into the Euxine Sea. This narrow neck of land, between there and the Pontus, is nearly three hundred stadia in length. [2.30.4] This was the extent of the old city. Constantine built a circular market-place where the old gate had stood, and surrounded it with double roofed porticos, erecting two great arches of Praeconnesian marble against each other, through which was a passage into the porticos of Severus, and out of the old city. Intending to increase the magnitude of the city, he surrounded it with a wall which was fifteen stadia beyond the former, and inclosed all the isthmus from sea to sea.

<urn:uuid:56bc1bf0-e59d-4250-926b-7a08df86285c>

CC-MAIN-2019-26

https://www.livius.org/sources/content/zosimus/zosimus-new-history-2/zosimus-new-history-2.30/

s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2019-26/segments/1560627998605.33/warc/CC-MAIN-20190618023245-20190618045245-00083.warc.gz

en

What causes a star’s spin and its planets’ orbits to align – or not? (Image: ESO/L. Calçada/Nick Risinger) Magnetic harnesses may keep planets in line with their stars. Some exoplanets orbit at weird angles – instead of circling in the same direction in which their star spins, their paths are tilted, and they sometimes even orbit “backwards”. Oddly, these misalignments only seem to happen to stars more than 1.2 times the sun’s mass. The mismatch seems to defy our understanding of how planets are born: if planets coalesce out of a disc that spins out like a pizza around a baby star, their orbits and the star’s spin should match up. Previous explanations for the mismatch include planets having close encounters with each other or other stars; interstellar gas falling onto a new solar system and warping the planet-forming disc; or the disc itself pushing and pulling its star into a weird angle. Now Christopher Spalding of the California Institute of Technology argues a star’s size might be the key to the puzzle. Smaller stars have stronger magnetic fields than big stars. As a star’s solar system forms, its magnetic field grabs charged particles in the planet-forming disc and tries to pull the star back into the disc’s plane. “If you have a star misaligned with the disc, the magnetic field will tend to try and align the two,” Spalding says. Spalding calculated how long it would take the magnetic fields of misaligned big and small stars to grab hold of the disc and right themselves. Stars smaller than 1.2 times the sun could do it in about a million years, he found, while bigger stars could take a hundred times as long – longer than the discs stick around. “Low mass stars have a field which can strongly impact their orientation within the disc lifetime. High mass stars have a field which takes way too long to realign them,” he says. John Papaloizou at the University of Cambridge thinks this explanation is plausible, but that the complex physics involved make the problem hard to fully solve. “What the authors suggest is not unreasonable,” he says. “However, details are very difficult to work out.” Journal reference: arxiv.org/abs/1508.02365 More on these topics:

<urn:uuid:594dd76d-bbef-46ff-a064-63c4b05ddd1d>

CC-MAIN-2019-26

https://www.newscientist.com/article/dn28057-small-stars-may-keep-planets-in-line-with-magnetic-harnesses/

s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2019-26/segments/1560627998605.33/warc/CC-MAIN-20190618023245-20190618045245-00083.warc.gz

en

Empower college students to study English whereas preserving their heritage language. Related programmes are being developed for each Hindi and Punjabi to serve in representing the big South Asian cultural group and its pursuits in the City of Surrey By default, most faculties in British Columbia educate by way of English, with French immersion choices out there. In the Autonomous areas of China many children of the country’s main ethnic minorities attend public colleges the place the medium of directions is the local language, equivalent to e.g. Uyghur or Tibetan Traditionally, the textbooks there were little different from merely a translated version of the books used in the Chinese language schools all through the country; nonetheless, as of 2001, a transfer was on foot to create more teaching materials with domestically based mostly content. Many of these programmes have been arrange in the late Nineteen Eighties and early Nineties by academic linguists wishing to preserve the languages, respectively – particularly in areas where there either is a wholesome talking base, or an endangerment of as little as two remaining speakers of a language. Native American boarding schools , which enforced white American values and the English language have been extensively used as late as the Nineteen Nineties, and had been notorious for implementing corporal punishment if a Native youngster was caught talking his or her language or freely training their tribal religion. Opponents of bilingual training declare that college students with different major languages apart from Spanish are placed in Spanish classes somewhat than taught in their native languages 31 and that many bilingual teaching programs fail to teach students English.

<urn:uuid:ddfa2192-31ff-48e8-a812-05e0491001f7>

CC-MAIN-2019-26

https://www.topikworld.com/bilingual-education-english-as-a-new-language.html

s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2019-26/segments/1560627998605.33/warc/CC-MAIN-20190618023245-20190618045245-00083.warc.gz

en

The effectiveness of lifestyle interventions within secondary prevention of cardiovascular system disease (CHD) remains unclear. cardiac occasions (5 of 9 tests; general RR 0.68 (95% CI 0.55 0.84 The heterogeneity between trials and poor quality of trials help to make any concrete conclusions difficult generally. However the helpful effects seen in this review are motivating and should stimulate further research. 1 WHI-P97 Introduction The World Health Organisation has stated that since 1990 more people worldwide have died from coronary heart disease (CHD) than any other cause . Further they reported that 80% to 90% Rabbit Polyclonal to LDOC1L. of people dying from CHD had one or more major risk factors associated with way of life. In the UK more than 90 0 deaths per year are due to CHD and although death rates are falling they are still among the highest in western Europe . Cardiac rehabilitation (CR) programmes were initiated in the 1960s when the benefits of mobilisation and physical activity (PA) following lengthy hospital stays for CHD became known . Since then secondary prevention has become an essential aspect of care of the patient with CHD . Research has shown that lifestyle change including PA a healthy diet and smoking cessation alters the course of CHD [5-7] and so disease prevention measures have been designed to focus on a range of lifestyle factors. Indeed cardiac rehabilitation and secondary prevention programmes have developed from focusing on exercise alone to becoming multidisciplinary and encompassing baseline patient assessments nutritional counselling risk factor management (i.e. lipids hypertension weight diabetes and smoking) psychosocial and vocational counselling and PA guidance and exercise training in addition to the appropriate use of cardioprotective drugs . Multidisciplinary steps are advocated by governments around the world and in the UK the National Institute for Clinical Excellence (NICE) set out a series of guidelines in 2007 for care of patients who had had a myocardial infarction (MI) . The guidelines covered secondary prevention in primary and secondary care and were not focused solely on lifestyle interventions. They did however incorporate PA diet smoking and drug therapy and were based on systematic reviews of the best available evidence. Priority recommendations considered to have the most important effect on patient care and outcomes included that on discharge from hospital every MI individual should have experienced a confirmed diagnosis of acute MI results of investigations future management plans and guidance on secondary prevention. Also Good highlighted the importance of advice being given regarding regular PA in the form of 20-30 moments of exercise per day to the point of slight breathlessness. Patients should also be advised to stop smoking eat a Mediterranean style diet rich in fibre fruit vegetables and fish and follow a treatment regime with a combination of ACE (angiotensin-converting enzyme) inhibitors aspirin beta-blockers and statins. However despite the evidence that positive lifestyle changes produce improved outcomes results from a number of secondary prevention initiatives have been disappointing. In a systematic review of multidisciplinary secondary prevention programmes McAlister et al. reported that although WHI-P97 some beneficial impact was achieved on processes of WHI-P97 care morbidity and mortality questions remained regarding the duration and frequency of interventions and the best combination of disciplines within an intervention. The EUROASPIRE (European Action on Secondary and Primary Prevention by Intervention to Reduce Events) surveys by the European Society of Cardiology have shown that this adoption of cardiovascular disease prevention measures as part of daily clinical practice was wholly inadequate and that unhealthy lifestyle styles are continuing. The authors commented on the difficulty experienced by adults in changing behaviour despite using a life threatening disease and that continued professional support was imperative if this was WHI-P97 to be achieved. Few previous WHI-P97 reviews of secondary prevention interventions have been published. McAlister et al. carried out a systematic review of RCTs of secondary. is the eighth of some articles predicated on presentations in the American Diabetes Association (ADA) Scientific Classes held 6?june 2008 in SAN FRANCISCO BAY AREA California 10. in incidence regularly observed in 2005 among diabetic people aged <45 45 65 and >75 years-perhaps a sign that ESRD has been successfully avoided. There remain essential areas for treatment. Kim et al. (abstract 748) researched 3 239 Pima Indians aged 5-19 years. Microalbuminuria and macroalbuminuria had been within 7 and 1% of non-diabetic and in 29 and 2% of diabetic kids respectively. Regression to normoalbuminuria was within 76% of non-diabetic but just 20% PF-03084014 of diabetic PF-03084014 youngsters whereas development to macroalbuminuria was noticed at annual prices <1% in non-diabetic youngsters with microalbuminuria but 4 and 12% in diabetics with albumin-to-creatinine ratios 30-100 and 100-300 mg/g respectively. Orchard and Costacou (abstract 973) likened 208 type 1 diabetics with intermittent versus continual microalbuminuria and discovered the second option group to become 14 times much more likely to advance to macroalbuminuria. Continual microalbuminuria was connected with higher A1C systolic bloodstream pulse and pressure. Cignarelli et al. (abstract 734) reported that among 407 type 2 diabetics there have been 55 topics with glomerular purification price (GFR) <60 ml/min of whom 76% had been normoalbuminuric. Although A1C lipids statin make use of and glycemic treatment had been similar in people that have GFR <60 vs. >60 ml/min the previous were old with bodyweight 67 vs. 82 kg and diabetes length 14 vs. 10 years. An et al. (abstract 743) studied 562 diabetic patients and reported that 151 had Modification of Diet in Renal Disease (MDRD) GFR <60 ml/min of whom 44 had normoalbuminuria. Similarly of those not treated with renin-angiotensin system inhibitors 18 of 51 with GFR <60 ml/min had normoalbuminuria. Given this frequency the investigators suggested normoalbuminuria to be an early stage of diabetic nephropathy although it might also indicate renal disease. In a study of 2 99 Pima Indian type 2 diabetic patients Pavkov et al. (abstract 736) reported that among those with MDRD GFR <60 ml/min per 1.73m2 in 1982-1988 vs. 2001-2006 the proportion of subjects with normoalbuminuria increased from 9 to 18%. Improved antihypertensive therapies might be in part responsible. Katayama et al. (abstract 721) adopted 1 558 type 2 diabetics with urine albumin <150 mg/g creatinine for 8 years. Development to macroalbuminuria was 2.7- and 5.8-fold much more likely in people that have A1C 7-9 and >9% respectively weighed against A1C <7%. People that have systolic blood circulation pressure 120-140 and >140 mmHg got 2.3- and 3.6-fold higher probability of progression than people that have systolic blood circulation pressure <120 mmHg. Cigarette make use of was yet another risk element. Of these with microalbuminuria 30 became normoalbuminuric recommending great things about early and intensive blood pressure- and glucose-lowering treatment. Genes and nephropathy Kankova et al. (abstract 369) decided PF-03084014 polymorphisms in genes of the pentose phosphate pathway transaldolase glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase and transketolase (TKT) as well as levels of the TKT cofactor thiamine in 623 diabetic patients with versus without nephropathy obtaining a specific TKT haplotype to be associated with more rapid nephropathy MTC1 progression and with a lower thiamine level. A study of thiamine supplementation in diabetic patients with this haplotype would be of great interest. Marcovecchio et al. (abstract 370) reported that levels of albuminuria among 933 diabetic patients aged 10-18 years were associated with a polymorphism of the gene encoding ELF1 a transcription factor regulating the expression of immune system and vascular genes. Advanced glycation end products Uribarri et al. (abstracts 255 and 371) found that in vitro expression of the advanced glycation end product receptor 1 (AGER1)-involved in advanced glycation end product (AGE) removal and prevention of AGE-induced inflammation and oxidative PF-03084014 stress-increased with 2-day but decreased with 14-day AGE exposure particularly to methylglyoxal. In diabetic patients and in nondiabetic patients with chronic kidney disease. compounds are finding increasing power while spatial and temporal probes of biological behavior. a 26-fold fluorescent enhancement upon photolysis. Subsequently Kutateladze and coworkers explained a thioxanthone-based system that furnishes an up to 17-fold enhancement in response to photocleavage.3 Unlike enzyme-catalyzed reactions in which readouts (e.g. fluorescence) are continually amplified like a function of time photolysis generates a fixed amount of product. A large fluorescent switch in response to illumination reduces the amount of bioprobe required for visualization which in turn reduces the likelihood of undesired “observer effect”-induced alterations in cellular PSC-833 biochemistry.4 A case in point is the mitochondrion the so-called energy factory of the cell which includes several suborganelle compartments that may be targeted using particular amino acidity sequences. However provided the tiny size of the organelles targeting series over-saturation of the compartments can be done if huge quantities are necessary for visualization. With this concern at heart we initiated an application to judge a range of structural motifs to be able to recognize quenched fluorescent cassettes that provide a big fluorescent response upon photolysis. A collection of thirty-two modularly PSC-833 designed tripeptides of the overall framework 1 and 2 was ready (Graph 1). Fluorescein (3) and tetramethylrhodamine (4; TAMRA) analogs had been evaluated as the fluorophore component being that they are commonly used in cell-based research. The other factors that constitute the collection consist of two photolinkers (5 and 6) four different quenchers (7 – 9) and two sequences [fluorophore on the C-terminus (1) or on the N-terminus (2)]. The library was ready via solid stage synthesis accompanied by stepwise adjustment from the Lys and Cys aspect chains using the fluorophore and quencher respectively. All collection members had been HPLC purified (Fig. S-1) and eventually characterized. Fluorescent readings had been obtained ahead of and pursuing photolysis (Figs. S-2 – S-6). The fluorescein- and TAMRA-derivatized collection members are equipped in Desk 1. Our network marketing leads (Ac-Lys(Fl)-photolinker-Cys(Q)-amide where Lys(Fl) = 4 photolinker = 5 Cys(Q) = 7 8 “4-5-7” “4-5-8”) screen a larger than 300-fold fluorescent improvement upon photolysis. Graph 1 Quenched fluorescent cassette collection (1 and 2) produced from fluorophores 3 and 4 photolabile linkers 5 and 6 and quenchers 7 – 10. Desk 1 Light-Induced fluorescence adjustments (italics) from the quenched fluorescent cassette collection (see Graph 1 for buildings). One of the most amazing PSC-833 light-induced fluorescent improvements seem to be a rsulting consequence two structural features: First 7 and 8 deeper quench the fluorescence of fluorescein and TAMRA than 9 or 10 (which might be a rsulting consequence effective SQSTM1 FRET and collisional quenching) and therefore deliver a more substantial fluorescent response. Second nitrobenzyl-derivatives are humble quenchers of fluorescence aswell.5 Cassettes where photolysis detaches the PSC-833 nitrobenzyl-based photolinkers in the fluorophore- appended segment (e.g. 4-5-8) produce larger fluorescent changes than the related cassettes in which the nitrobenzyl linker remains associated with the flourophore (e.g. 8-5-4). These large fluorescent changes can be very easily observed using a hand held UV-vis light (video in Assisting Info) which both photolyzes the linker and excites the fluorophore. The building of “caged” compounds commonly relies upon transforming a biologically active varieties into an inert derivative via covalent changes of an essential functional group having a light sensitive moiety.1 However direct changes of a single key site for complete biological caging purposes is not always feasible. It occurred to us that an alternate approach for manipulating activity is definitely light-driven spatial control of the cellular distribution of the biological entity. For example mitochondrial localization sequences (MLS) as well as related varieties can be used to deliver activators (or inhibitors) to mitochondria. The crystal structure and absolute configuration of the two new title nelfinavir analogs C24H35ClN4O5 (I) and C27H39ClN4O5 (II) have been determined. refining to 0.967?(6) and 0.033?(8). In both orientations the NO2 group is twisted out of the plane of the phenyl ring; the major orientation is twisted out of the plane less [O1-N1-C3-C2; τ = 10.9?(4)°] than the minor orientation [O1a slight rotation around the N4-C24 bond the site occupancies refining to 0.811?(17) and 0.189?(17). Similar to (I) both six-membered rings of the deca-hydro-iso-quinoline group in (II) adopt a chair conformation with a dihedral angle between the best-fit planes of the cyclo-hexyl and piperidine moieties of 116.3?(17)°. There is one weak intra-molecular hydrogen-bonding inter-action in (II) involving the parameter of 0.036?(19) and the Hooft parameter of 0.03?(2) indicate that the absolute configuration of (II) has been assigned correctly. Table 2 Hydrogen-bond geometry ( ) for (II) Supra-molecular features ? The extended structure of (I) is a two-dimensional sheet of hydrogen-bonded mol-ecules extending in the plane (Fig.?5 ? O-H?O and N-H?O inter-actions; the details of these inter-actions can be found in Table?1 ?. The two-dimensional layers stack in an pattern along the crystallographic axis (Fig.?5 ? and layers allows them to inter-digitate. Figure 5 A plot of the packing of (I) viewed (axis showing a hydrogen-bonded two-dimensional sheet overlaid with the unit cell and (axis showing how two layers stack together along the axis. Only the major component of disordered … The extended structure of (II) is a one-dimensional chain of hydrogen-bonded mol-ecules extending parallel to the crystallographic axis (Fig.?6 ? O-H?O inter-actions the details of these inter-actions can be found in Table?2 ?. The one-dimensional chains are separated from the cumbersome deca-hydro-iso-quinoline groups as well as the additional hydrogen-bonding inter-actions (Fig.?6 ? axis displaying a hydrogen-bonded one-dimensional string and (axis displaying the way the one-dimensional chains pack collectively overlaid with the machine cell. Just the major element of disordered … Data source study ? A search from the Cambridge Crystallographic Data source (CSD; Bridegroom & Allen 2014 ?) results just three crystal constructions using the the substitution in the N-atom placement from the deca-hydro-iso-quinoline group. One substance includes a 3-amino-2-hy-droxy-4-(phenyl-sulfan-yl)butyl group with this placement (CSD refcode QONJUY; Inaba HCl (2?ml). The response was dried as well as the solid URB754 was dissolved in ethyl acetate. The merchandise was washed double with water as soon as with brine dried out over sodium URB754 sulfate and focused by rotary evaporation. The merchandise was purified by silica flash column chromatography (gradient of 0-8% EtOAc URB754 in DCM) to yield racemic 4 as a colorless oil (yield 423?mg 75 yield). 1H NMR (500?MHz CDCl3): δ 7.33-7.28 (complex 5 5.63 (= 6?Hz 1 5.06 (+ H]+ calculated for C11H15ClNO3 244.074 observed 244.0741 For the synthesis of compound (I) compound 5 (104?mg 0.233 was dissolved in methanol (15?ml) with URB754 10% palladium on carbon (74?mg 0.07 The solution was degassed for 30?min before being placed under URB754 1 atm of hydrogen and stirred for 2?h at room temperature. The reaction was filtered through celite dried to a solid and taken up in tetra-hydro-furan (5?ml). 2-Chloro-4-nitro-benzoic acid (52?mg 0.256 3 hydro-chloride (49?mg 0.256 and hy-droxy-benzotriazole hydrate (42?mg 0.256 were added and the reaction was stirred at room CASP3 temperature overnight. The reaction was taken up in ethyl acetate washed once with sodium bicarbonate and once with brine and dried over sodium sulfate. The product was purified by silica flash-column chromatography (gradient of 0-3% MeOH in DCM) to yield (I) as a yellow solid (yield 77?mg 67 Crystals suitable for X-ray diffraction were obtained from the vapor diffusion of pentane into a solution of compound (I) in ethyl acetate at room temperature. 1H NMR (500?MHz CDCl3): δ 8.41 (= 4?Hz 1 8.24 (= 2?Hz 1 8.13 (= 8.5?Hz 1 5.6 (= 12?Hz 1 1.8 (complex 20 13 NMR (500?MHz CDCl3): δ 174.16 167.06 148.39 142 132.8 130.18 124.96 121.56 70.4 68.29 59.09 57.54 51.27 43.27 35.83 33.55 31.02 30.86 28.39 26.19 25.52 20.18 HRMS (+ H]+ calculated for C24H36ClN4O5 495.2374 observed 495.2376 Compound (II) was synthesized through the inter-mediate chloro-methyl hydroxyl 7 (Fig.?2 ?). Chloro-methyl ketone 6. TRPM7 is an unusual bi-functional protein containing an ion channel covalently linked to a protein kinase website. deprivation surviving three times longer than crazy type mice; also RPTOR they displayed decreased chemically induced allergic reaction. Interestingly mutant mice have lower magnesium bone content compared to crazy type mice when fed regular diet; unlike crazy type mice mutant mice placed on magnesium-depleted diet did not alter their bone magnesium content material. Furthermore mouse embryonic fibroblasts isolated from TRPM7 kinase-dead animals exhibited increased resistance to magnesium deprivation and oxidative stress. Finally electrophysiological data exposed that the activity of the kinase-dead TRPM7 channel was not significantly altered. Collectively our results suggest that TRPM7 kinase is definitely a sensor of magnesium status and provides coordination of cellular and systemic reactions to magnesium deprivation. TRPM7 is an ubiquitously indicated protein that has an unusual structure: it contains both an ion channel and a protein kinase within a single polypeptide chain. TRPM7 is an essential gene and its knockout results in arrest of cell proliferation1 2 and early embryonic lethality in mice2 3 TRPM7 and its close homolog TRPM6 are the only known channel kinases in vertebrates and both have been implicated in rules of Mg2+ homeostasis (examined in ref. 4). TRPM7 and TRPM6 are known to form TRPM6/7 heterooligomers that could mediate relatively high Plinabulin magnesium currents in intestinal and kidney epithelia cells involved in mediation of magnesium uptake5 6 Several works showed that TRPM6 can form magnesium-permeable channels on its personal7 8 however other studies suggested that TRPM6 can function only like a TRPM6/7 heterooligomer6. TRPM7 ion channel website belongs to a family of Transient Receptor Potential Melastatin-related (TRPM) channels (examined in refs. 9 10 11 12 13 The biophysical properties of TRPM7 are relatively well characterized4. A number of works have established TRPM7 like a divalent cation specific channel that is permeable to a number of physiologically important divalent cations including Mg2+ and Ca2+ as well as to some harmful divalent cations. The TRPM7 channel is definitely constitutively active and is regulated by free intracellular Mg2+ and Mg-ATP1 14 15 The biophysical properties of heterologously indicated TRPM7 are quite well understood; less is known about native TRPM7 (examined in ref. 4). Endogenous TRPM7-like currents have been detected in all cell types examined therefore much5 6 16 A recent study found that endogenous TRPM7 currents assessed in human being embryonic kidney cells (HEK-293) experienced an IC50 for intracellular Mg2+ comparable to heterologous systems17. Mg2+ is an abundant intracellular cation that takes on indispensible structural and practical functions in many cellular activities. The TRPM7 channel was suggested to provide a major mechanism of Mg2+ access into the cell therefore regulating both cellular18 and whole body Mg2+ homeostasis2. Deletion of Trpm7 results in severe proliferation problems in DT-40 cells19 as well as with embryonic stem cells2 consistent with the fact that proliferating cells require Mg2+. Indeed raising Mg2+ concentration in the growth medium fully rescues proliferation problems of Trpm7 mutant cells2 19 suggesting that the major part of TRPM7 is definitely regulating Mg2+ intake. Consistent with the key part of TRPM7 in proliferation of most cell Plinabulin types homozygous deletion of Trpm7 in mice causes early embryonic lethality2 3 In our earlier work we showed that TRPM7 kinase domain-deficient (Δkinase) embryonic stem cells do not proliferate in regular medium comprising 1?mM Mg2+ and their proliferation defect can be Plinabulin rescued by adding 10?mM Mg2+ to the medium2. These findings were verified in a report from another laboratory20 recently. Considerably Trpm7Δkinase/+ heterozygous mice are practical and develop Mg2+ insufficiency that may be rescued by extra eating Mg2+ 2 The function of TRPM7 kinase isn’t well grasped. The kinase area of TRPM7 belongs for an atypical alpha-kinase family members21. Alpha kinases usually do not screen series similarity to regular proteins kinases and so are in a position to phosphorylate residues within alpha -helices Plinabulin while regular kinases phosphorylate residues within unstructured and versatile locations22 23 The TRPM7. Background & seeks Swelling is a hallmark of tumor yet the systems that regulate defense cell infiltration into tumors stay poorly characterized. evaluation and Cox regression versions were put on estimate recurrence-free success (RFS) and general survival (Operating-system) for 259 HCC individuals. The expression degrees of CXCR2 ligands (CXCL-1 ?2 ?5 and ?8) were measured by real-time PCR and FG-4592 weighed against local defense cell denseness. The mixed prognostic value from the CXCR2-CXCL1 axis was additional evaluated. Abcc4 LEADS TO HCC cells CXCR2+ cells had been mainly neutrophils which were enriched in the peri-tumoral stroma (PS) area. Kaplan-Meier survival evaluation showed that improved CXCR2+cells were connected with decreased RFS and Operating-system (cell denseness as an unbiased prognostic element for Operating-system (hazard percentage [HR]?=?1.737 95 confidence period [CI]?=?1.167-2.585 CXCR2 expression in HCC tumors. a Consultant images display CXCR2+ cells stained brownish in non-tumor (NT) peri-tumoral stroma (PS) and intra-tumor (IT) areas in HCC cells. Black arrows reveal CXCR2+ cells. b The densities of CXCR2+ cells … Multiple immunofluorescence staining for CXCR2 and different immune system cell markers (Compact disc15 neutrophils; Compact disc68 macrophages; Compact disc3 T cells; S100 dendritic cells) was performed (Fig.?1c) and pictures were analyzed using the Vectra-Inform picture analysis program to calculate the percentage of CXCR2+ cells within each cellular subset in HCC cells. As demonstrated in Fig.?1 many CXCR2+ cells had been CD15+ neutrophils in the NT PS and IT parts of HCC cells (49.6?%?±?2.1?% 64 and 28.7?%?±?2.6?% respectively; cells; median FG-4592 denseness 10.87 PS (CXCR2+cells; median denseness 12.45 and IT (CXCR2+cells; median denseness 8.22 areas. Kaplan-Meier success analysis revealed a poor association between your denseness of CXCR2+cells as well as the RFS and Operating-system of individuals (cells was connected with a shorter RFS (median 15 and Operating-system (median 45 weighed against patients exhibiting a minimal CXCR2+cell denseness (median 32 and >72?weeks respectively). In individuals with a higher density of CXCR2+cells FG-4592 the 5-yr OS and RFS prices had been just 27.7 and 40.7?% weighed against 40.8 and 63.4?% in individuals with a minimal CXCR2+cell denseness respectively. Nevertheless no association was noticed for CXCR2+ cells in the NT or IT areas (Fig.?2). Fig. 2 Build up of CXCR2+ cells predicts poor success in HCC. Operating-system (cell denseness was connected with an raised threat of recurrence (HR?=?1.358 95 CI?=?0.989-1.866 cell density was found to become an unbiased prognostic factor for OS (Desk?2). Furthermore to CXCR2 the multivariate Cox proportional risks analysis demonstrated that serum AFP amounts also displayed an unbiased predictor of Operating-system (in 30 HCC tumor examples with matched up peri-tumoral and non-tumorous liver organ cells (Additional document 3: Shape S1) We also analyzed local immune system cell infiltration in the same examples by FG-4592 IHC staining for Compact disc3 Compact disc15 and Compact disc68. In keeping with our earlier findings Compact disc15+ cells and Compact disc3+ T cells (Extra file 4: Shape S2) were mainly enriched in the PS area encircling the tumor nest in the tumor advantage [13 23 Correlations between manifestation and the denseness of Compact disc3+ Compact disc15+ and Compact disc68+ cells in HCC cells were analyzed using Pearson’s relationship test. We recognized a positive relationship between the denseness of Compact disc68+ cells and manifestation (R?=?0.465; and manifestation (R?=?0.376 manifestation (R?=?0.391 Compact disc3+ and expression Compact disc15+ and Compact disc68+ cell densities in HCC cells. Relationship coefficients between manifestation and densities of every immune … Mix of CXCL1 and CXCR2 displays improved prognostic power for HCC Our above mentioned findings indicated how the denseness of CXCR2+ cells displayed a very important independent element for predicting the prognosis of HCC and CXCL1 was an integral ligand in charge of mediating neutrophil infiltration into HCC tumor cells. Consequently we examined if the mix of CXCR2 and CXCL1 displayed a far more effective requirements for predicting individual prognoses. To determine the relationship between CXCL1 expression and patient survival CXCL1 expression FG-4592 was also divided by the median CXCL1 object density per megapixel (median NT PS and IT CXCL1:.

<urn:uuid:b03a95f7-68ef-4f3b-bc57-78c6299478bd>

CC-MAIN-2019-26

http://cylch.org/category/snsr/

s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2019-26/segments/1560627998923.96/warc/CC-MAIN-20190619063711-20190619085711-00243.warc.gz

en

The first thing we want to do is define our variables. We want to take the information we have and define it in useful terms. We can relate all of the information back to a penny. Let P = number of pennies, N the number of nickels and D the number of dimes, then N = P - 7, and D = N + 4 =(P - 7) + 4 = P - 3 We must now use the next set of information given. The total is $3.35 or 335 cents. We know that the number of pennies, plus 5 cents times the number of nickels, plus 10 cents times the number of dimes will be equal to 335 P + 5N + 10D = 335 Now we we can plug in what we defined earlier and solve for P. Once you have found P, N and D make sure that you check that there are four more dimes than nickels, seven fewer nickels than pennies and the total value is $3.35

<urn:uuid:42e9a2b1-758f-4a46-9060-b598d0274a77>

CC-MAIN-2019-26

http://mathcentral.uregina.ca/QQ/database/QQ.09.06/allison1.html

s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2019-26/segments/1560627998923.96/warc/CC-MAIN-20190619063711-20190619085711-00243.warc.gz

en

shy, timid or cautious dogs avoid people, sounds, certain kinds of situations, etc. that frighten them. Often it is a personality trait ingrained in their DNA, it can also be a learned behavior for their past. They may seem depressed or disinterested and sometimes lunge or do barking displays to make what they’re afraid of go further away. Signs of fearful, shy, timid or cautious dogs may be one or all of the following: Ears flattened back to the head. - Cowering posture. - Shying away from interactions with other dogs and/or people. - Tail tucked between the legs. - Panting or shaking. - Dilated, glassy eyes. - Skulking, pacing, hiding, or escaping. - Whining or barking. - Raised hackles. - Fear of eye contact. - Sneering, nipping or biting. - Submissive urination. you’ve decided to share your life with a shy dog, take heart. This class will provide you information and techniques that can help you understand what your dog feeling and give you direction to help your furry friend. Some of the many topics that will be covered are: is my dog like this? my dog get better? can I do to help my dog with their fears? and participate is confidence building activities. coming to class make sure you have a few instruments to help you and your pet decent sized bag of high rewarding treats for your hungry dog. regular leash, four to six feet in length. easy walk harness. To Register for Classes Please Contact Shelley Kuglin at: 2018 Classes 2018 ($50/dog) Classes will be Scheduled Soon!!!

<urn:uuid:a7587902-4660-4c96-9585-336a876eed2d>

CC-MAIN-2019-26

http://pawsitiveattitudes.thedogtrainer.org/?SiteID=13214&PageID=78995

s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2019-26/segments/1560627998923.96/warc/CC-MAIN-20190619063711-20190619085711-00243.warc.gz

en

A star exists in a delicate balance between the crushing force of gravity, on the one hand, and the push of incredibly hot gases on the other. This balance exists as long as there is fuel for the fusion process that powers the star. What happens when the star runs out of fuel? Then, gravity collapses the star. The more massive the star, the more drastic the collapse and the more condensed the remaining object. Cas A is the remnant of a star that exploded about 300 years ago. The X-ray image shows an expanding shell of hot gas produced by the explosion. Courtesy of NASA/CXC/SAO A star about the size of the sun: The collapse produces enough pressure to squeeze atoms right out of existence, leaving electrons and nuclei packed tightly together in an object about the size of Earth. The result is called a white dwarf. A star six to eight times larger than the sun: Upon exhausting its nuclear fuel, a star this large undergoes a catastrophic explosion as a supernova. (See Neutrino Astrophysics) The force of gravity in the leftover object is so strong that the electrons are jammed into the nuclei to make a neutron star, with a diameter of only about 16 km. A star ten or more times larger than the sun: At this size, the force of gravity collapses the neutron core right out of existence to form a black hole. Gravity near the black hole is so strong that nothing can escape, not even light. More precisely, any matter or radiation inside a sphere called the event horizon falls inward and cannot escape. (See drawing.) For a black hole with ten times the mass of the sun, the radius of the event horizon is about 30 km. History of Black Holes The existence of black holes was predicted well before the 20th century. About a hundred years after Newton worked out his theory of gravitation, the English astronomer John Michell recognized in 1784 the possibility that the gravity of a very large star might be so great that nothing, not even light, could escape it. In fact, a correct description of a black hole requires Einstein's general theory of relativity. Armed with this theory, Karl Schwartzschild in 1916 found a solution of Einstein's equations corresponding to the simplest kind of black hole. In the 1930s, other physicists, including Robert Oppenheimer, who later became the director of the Manhattan Project, produced more detailed calculations. John Wheeler coined the name “black hole.” After a Star's Gravitational Collapse Seeing Black Holes Text courtesy of NASA Astrophysicists measure how forces of extreme gravity operate near a black hole by mapping the distortions of space-time predicated by Einstein's Theory of General Relativity. There are two classes of black holes: galactic black holes, the remains of massive stars 10-100 times the size of our Sun, and supermassive black holes, the powerhouses in the centers of galaxies that range up to billions of solar masses in size. Our own Galaxy harbors thousands of stellar black holes, and new observations show that most galaxies, including possibly our own, have a supermassive black hole at their core. Within both classes of black holes, space and time as we know it collapse. Thus, black holes are cosmic laboratories, allowing us to explore the ultimate limits of our physical laws and of gravity. Disk around a black hole in Galaxy NGC 7052. Hubble image courtesy of NASA A black hole and a companion star orbiting each other; the black hole pulls matter in from the star; this matter moves in a spiral and gives off a characteristic x-ray spectrum; drawing courtesy of NASA Rotating gas disk in M87; measurements of its rotation rate provide a mass for the central object, which is about three billion solar masses; image courtesy of NASA One unavoidable challenge when studying black holes, however, is that they're almost invisible. A black hole is defined by a surface called the event horizon, the point at which gravity is so strong that nothing, not even light, can escape. The stellar matter itself is crushed into a singularity at the center, hidden behind the event horizon. The event horizon of a galactic black hole is only a few miles across. In supermassive black holes, it is only about the size of our Solar System. Supermassive black holes are likely the power source for Active Galactic Nuclei (AGN), the bulging glow seen in many galactic cores. AGNs might be the result of a huge black hole gobbling up whole stars and pulling dust and gas from the nearby interstellar medium with such fury that the energy produced in this relatively small region (the size of our Solar System) outshines the entire galaxy. How do we go about observing black holes if they are so compact and emit no visible light? There are a couple of tricks. Stellar black holes are often part of a binary star system, two stars revolving around each other. What we see from Earth is a visible star orbiting around what appears to be nothing. In reality, it is orbiting around the black hole. We can infer the mass of the black hole by the way the visible star is orbiting around it. The larger the black hole, the greater the gravitational pull, and the greater the effect on the visible star. Another way we can “see” a black hole is by observing X-rays generated around it. Because a black hole has such a powerful gravitational force, a galactic black hole in a binary system can literally tear apart its companion star. Gas from the companion swirls into the black hole like water down a drain. The swirling gas is what we call an accretion disk. As the gas gets closer to the black hole, it heats up from the friction of ever faster moving gas molecules. just outside the black hole's event horizon, the gas heats to temperatures in the range of millions of degrees. Gas heated to these temperatures releases tremendous amounts of energy in the form of X-rays. Supermassive black holes also have an accretion disk that emits X-rays. This is formed not by a single star, as in a binary system, but by the great amounts of gas present in the regions between stars. In about 10 percent of supermassive black holes, jets of energized matter thousands of light-years in length shoot out in opposite directions. This can be detected in radio, visible, X-ray and gamma-ray wavelengths. These jets accelerate matter to nearly the speed of light through a mechanism not well understood. From small to large-scale black holes, many questions abound: How is material fed directly into the black hole? How do jets form? Why do some black holes have jets, while many more do not? What keeps the jets powered for millions of years? Why are AGNs more common in the past than today? How do supermassive black holes participate in the formation and evolution of galaxies? What are the masses and spins of black holes? Exploring the Universe Text courtesy of NASA Different types of telescopes detect different types, or wavelengths, of light--from microwaves to visible light (what our eyes can detect) to high energy X-ray photons and gamma rays. Each wavelength band is important for composing a full view of the Universe. Optical telescopes, such as Hubble Space Telescope, generate brilliant images of stars and galaxies, both near and far. Hubble also measures the sizes, distances and compositions of celestial objects. Radio telescopes, however, were the first to detect quasars, extremely distant galaxies that emit incredible amounts of radio energy. Radio telescopes also provided the first evidence of planets outside our Solar System. Infrared telescopes have identified dust clouds between stars and galaxies, as well as “nurseries” for possible star formation. High energy gamma-ray telescopes have discovered the most energetic explosion since the Big Bang. Thus, the entire electromagnetic spectrum is important for a complete picture, because different objects emit the bulk of their radiation at different wavelengths. Black holes are best detectable at high energies—that is, in X-rays and gamma rays. Color composite of the supernova remnant E0102-72: X-ray (blue), optical (green), and radio (red). Hubble, Chandra, Australia Telescope Compact Array.. Courtesy of NASA An X-ray telescope collects photons created naturally in some of the most violent and energetic events in the Universe: such as supernova explosions and the rapid flow of gas under the extreme gravitational pull of a black hole. This mechanism for collecting photons is quite different from taking an “X-ray” of a broken bone. Unlike a medical X-ray machine, the X-ray telescope doesn't generate X-ray photons. Rather, it collects these tiny packets of high energy that form at extremely high temperatures. X-ray detectors on satellites are like the film in the doctor's X-ray machine. The Sun produces some X-rays, particularly during a solar flare. However, X-ray telescopes focus far beyond our Solar System and can study black holes, stellar explosions, galaxies that release great amounts of X-rays from their centers, and the pervasive, but optically invisible, hot gas that dominates space between stars and galaxies. Constellation X-ray Mission Text courtesy of NASA Like all X-ray telescopes, Constellation-X must be positioned in space because X-ray light does not penetrate the Earth's atmosphere. Yet, in designing Constellation-X, scientists wanted an X-ray telescope similar to the large Earth-bound telescopes to collect as much X-ray light as possible. These requirements led to the Constellation-X's unique multi-satellite design. The four satellites are light enough to be launched individually or in pairs, yet combine to provide a sensitivity 100-times greater than any past or current X- ray satellite mission. Essentially, scientists will be able to collect more data in an hour than they would have collected in days or weeks with current X-ray telescopes. We will learn about thousands of faint X- ray emitting sources, not just the bright sources available to us today. This is Constellation-X looking at E0102-72; Courtesy of NASA The multi-satellite design also saves money and reduces risk. It is less expensive to build and launch smaller, identical telescopes. And with separate launches for individual telescopes - or perhaps for pairs of telescopes, if the design permits - we avoid putting all our eggs in one rocket, so to speak. Constellation-X is modeled after the Keck Observatory, twin optical telescopes each 10 meters (33 feet) wide, positioned high atop Mauna Kea in Hawaii. Both observatories have superior collecting areas, or apertures, for analyzing the components of light. Both Keck and Constellation-X are the complements to the great high-angular-resolution space telescopes: the Hubble Space Telescope and the Chandra X-ray Observatory, respectively. No single telescope can do it all. Hubble, along with its many excellent features, provides fantastic images of distant galaxies with unprecedented clarity. The Earth-based Keck supports Hubble, however, by collecting enough light waves to study the gas in those distant galaxies. Likewise, the Chandra Observatory, to be launched by the year 2000, will have the best imaging resolution of any X-ray telescope so far. Scientists will then use the unparalleled data from Constellation-X together with Chandra in analyzing X-ray light and forming a more complete picture of the X-ray Universe. Constellation-X will document these objects and regions with images, and, more importantly, with spectra. Spectra, the soul of Constellation-X, are like the fingerprints of elements in far-away stars and dusty clouds of hot gas. These diagrams of spectral energy patterns can reveal almost every characteristic of a distant gas, solely from the light it emits. With high- resolution X-ray spectroscopy, we can zoom in to within a few kilometers of the border of a black hole, as close to the black hole itself as any observations can theoretically get. Spectra can be used to see how extreme gravity around a black hole affects the composition, pressure, density, temperature and velocity of the gas swirling into it. Spectra of black holes, supernova remnants and galaxy clusters provided by Constellation-X will be the next best thing to reaching out and touching these objects with our hands. Space. Time. Energy. The Constellation X-ray Observatory (or Constellation-X) is a next-generation X-ray telescope satellite that will investigate black holes, Einstein's Theory of General Relativity, galaxy formation, the evolution of the Universe on the largest scales, the recycling of matter and energy, and the nature of “dark matter” Planned as four individual X-ray space telescopes operating together, Constellation-X will help us understand the great mysteries of space, time and energy. Constellation-X's large X-ray collecting area and superior resolution, or clarity, will provide the most detailed, quantitative observations of the region surrounding a black hole. Data from current telescopes can take us near a black hole, but Constellation-X will take us to within a few miles of its edge. It will be able to measure the mass and spin of a black hole, two of its defining characteristics. Such measurements will enable scientists to begin to answer the many questions that remain about the formation and evolution of black holes, and about how the laws of physics behave in extreme environments. University of California at Berkeley Circinius Galaxy. Hubble. Courtesy of NASA University of Illinois Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics Space Telescope Science Institute - The Truth about Black Holes (lesson plan)

<urn:uuid:4f9eadce-d068-4736-9ba0-acc0d2bebf6b>

CC-MAIN-2019-26

http://physicscentral.org/explore/action/blackholes.cfm

s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2019-26/segments/1560627998923.96/warc/CC-MAIN-20190619063711-20190619085711-00243.warc.gz

en

When Europeans first arrived in North America, they faced a cold new world. The average global temperature had dropped to lows unseen in millennia, and its effects were stark and unpredictable: blizzards and deep freezes, droughts and famines, and winters when even the Rio Grande froze. This period of climate change has come to be known as the Little Ice Age, and it played a decisive role in Europe’s encounter with the lands and peoples of North America. In A Cold Welcome, Sam White tells the story of this crucial period in world history, from Europe’s earliest expeditions in an unfamiliar landscape to the perilous first winters at Santa Fe, Quebec, and Jamestown. Weaving together evidence from climatology, archaeology, and the written historical record, White describes how the severity and volatility of the Little Ice Age climate threatened to freeze and starve out the Europeans’ precarious new settlements. Lacking basic provisions and wholly unprepared to fend for themselves under such harsh conditions, Europeans suffered life-threatening privation, and their desperation precipitated violent conflict with Native Americans. In the twenty-first century, as we confront an uncertain future from global warming, A Cold Welcome reminds us of the risks of a changing and unfamiliar climate.

<urn:uuid:54cdc26e-0c52-4fbf-a713-890973756a03>

CC-MAIN-2019-26

http://www.hup.harvard.edu/catalog.php?isbn=9780674971929

s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2019-26/segments/1560627998923.96/warc/CC-MAIN-20190619063711-20190619085711-00243.warc.gz

en

Mark was a first year student, when I was a third year student. The final year of law school, I was then President of the Student Bar Association. I, along with other SBA members, gave a presentation to the incoming class. In the audience was none other than the infamous Mark Small. I got to know Mark during that final year. One of my final acts on behalf of the student body was talking him into taking over as Editor of the Dictum, the law school newspaper. H e still holds a grudge about my getting him involved in the newspaper which did consume a lot of time while offering few rewards. |Mark Small (appropriately to the left) on Civil Discourse Now| I taught introductory classes at the University of Indianapolis and IUPUI for over 20 years. One of the things I taught was the basic structure of federalism. Basically it works like this. The Constitution contains a listing of powers that Congress has in Article I, Section 8. In order for the national government to pass a law, it has to be tied specifically to a power listed in Article I, Section 8. States on the other hand operate in the exact opposite way. States do not have specific delegations of power, but can pass laws unless there is a specific prohibition in the Constitution prohibiting states from passing those laws. These powers exercised by states are often called reserve powers. Both the national government and state government have autonomy in their respective areas. But if you draw a chart of the power of the national government and of the state, you will note there is an area of overlapping powers. In that area, when both the state and national government can legislate and choose to do so, the national law wins out due to Article VI's Supremacy Clause. For over 220 years our federal structure has remained the same. The only major change came with the ratification of the 14th Amendment in 1868 that was interpreted, on a case-by-case basis, as applying the protections in the Bill of Rights to the States. The concept of Federalism is actually quite simple. But for Mark Small, whose brain synapses have been firing only sporadically since that fateful year of 1975, Federalism exists no longer. First, Mark does not believe there are any limits whatsoever on the power of the national government under our Constitution. Let's forget the specific listing of national power in Article I, Section 8, Mark doesn't care if something Congress wants to do is not on that list. Mark believes Congress' power is limitless as long as it doesn't violate someone constitutional right as interpreted by the Court. (More on his view of the "evolving" Constitution later.) When it comes to States, Mark does not believe states have independent power in the Constitution. Rather he believes States are merely subunits of the Federal Government, purely administrative bodies with no actual independent legal authority beyond what the national government allows states to do. Our government began as a confederation under our first constitution, the Articles of Confederation, and became a federal one under our current constitution. Since our current Constitution has barely changed since it was adopted in 1789, how then does Mark conclude that our government has made a dramatic shift from being federal in nature to being a unitary system? It's hard to tell given when you talk to Mark about the Constitution you get a sense of a man trying to clear a room of fog by waving a broom around wildly. The fog goes where it wants to go despite the best efforts of the man. But as best I can tell Mark believes the 14th Amendment's Due Process Clause and the already existing Supremacy Clause combined somehow to create a magic potion that transformed our federal system to being unitary in nature. Of course there are no actual court decisions that repealed our federal system and to this day Congress is still required to specify its authority to pass laws when it does act. Mark doesn't let facts get in the way of his view of how the state and national governments relate. When you move away from the topic of Federalism to the more general topic of how to interpret the Constitution in general, Mark's views get even more wacky. The actual words of the Constitution and history behind it have no meaning, according to Mark, because the document "evolves" over time. Take the 8th Amendment's prohibition on "cruel and unusual punishment" for example. In three places, the Constitution mentions "capital punishment," i.e. the death penalty. It is obvious that the Founding Fathers, who Mark likes to call the "Framers," did not intend to do away with the death penalty. Mark though doesn't care about the actual words of the Constitution or the history behind those words. To Mark, society has "evolved" and therefore the interpretation of the 8th Amendment should be changed by judges to ban the death penalty. Of course state legislatures already have the power to ban the death penalty and several have. Eighteen states don't have the death penalty, with Maryland being the most recent to prohibit capital punishment this year/ The elected legislators in those states apparently concluded that the death penalty is barbaric, not a deterrent, and/or is too expensive, and decided not to have it in their states. Bully for them. But for Mark leaving the decision of when society has "evolved" and the law should be changed in the hands of elected representatives of the people is wrong. Mark believes that judges are not only to interpret the constitution and laws, they should be free to enact policies that are good, even if it means twisting and ignoring the actual words of the Constitution. In Mark's world of jurisprudence, the actual words of the Constitution and its history are meaningless. Judges can enact whatever polices they feel is best with the only check being a higher court that might disagree on what those policies should be. With all due respect to my misguided friend, Mark Small, his view is elitist. He looks down on the notion of people governing themselves by electing representatives. He views elected legislators as not being very bright and the voters who put them in office as even dumber. Federal judges...now they are smart ones. Let them enact the laws, Mark says. Okay, he doesn't say that directly, but that is exactly the result of his philosophy of jurisprudence. In response to his view of the Constitution as "evolving" Mark will undoubtedly point to the change in technology which our Founding Fathers could never have envisioned. He will also point to the very difficult process of amending the Constitution to effect the changes that judges can make more easily by twisting words and ignoring history. But the problem with this argument is that it seeks to prove too much. By suggesting that the Constitution "evolves" and the document is "living" to be changed at a whim by judges, the position renders the document meaningless...a mere tool to be manipulated by smart judges who want the cloak of legitimacy when they by judicial fiat adopt "good" policies that the elected representatives are just too stupid to enact. Yeah, I don't buy that is the way our system works or should work.

<urn:uuid:6b910d24-a88c-4325-96cf-d8ed2b0cdae9>

CC-MAIN-2019-26

http://www.ogdenonpolitics.com/2013/03/federalism-and-constitutional.html?showComment=1364613502527

s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2019-26/segments/1560627998923.96/warc/CC-MAIN-20190619063711-20190619085711-00243.warc.gz

en

During the restoration of the Pretoria Railway Station in the early 2000s, a swastika was found in the plasterwork above the clocktower. In the article below, originally published on the Brand South Africa website on 19 March 2002, Lucille Davie unpacks some of the theories behind the Swastika. She also takes an in depth look at the restoration process. Click here to view more of Davie's work. Renowned British architect Herbert Baker, when designing the Pretoria Station 92 years ago, had a swastika inserted into the plasterwork above the clock in the tower, erected in the centre of the roof of the gracious building. This building was completed in 1910, but most of us associate the swastika with Nazi Germany in the 1930s and 1940s, so what’s this all about? There are conflicting views as to how Baker’s swastika – albeit a straight-up swastika instead of a tilted Nazi swastika - ended up above the clock in the building. One view says that Baker was fascinated by symbols, but they appeared more in his writings than in his buildings. Another says that what was originally intended for the building - a tableaux of a man, woman, elderly woman and child – didn't make it to the building, with a suggestion that money or time constraints led to the swastika replacing this symbol. Instead this tableaux ended up on Baker’s Union Buildings in Pretoria instead, completed in 1913. Still another view says that the four arms of the swastika were chosen to represent the four colonies, as a symbol of unification in the celebrations when South Africa became a union in 1910. Pretoria Station Swastika We’ll never know which opinion is correct, but what we do know is that the symbol has been around since 3000 BC, found in images in Europe and Asia. Furthermore, the word swastika is Indian and is a symbol of prosperity and good fortune. It originally represented the revolving sun, fire or life. It was widely used in Mesopotamian coins, and in early Christian and Byzantium art, as well as South and Central American art. It is also believed to have been used by the Navajo Indians in North America. It is still used today in Buddhism and Hinduism. Last February the Station burnt down, or at least most of its roof burnt down, including the elegant clock tower. When the restoration process started last June, one of the first jobs was to restore the clock tower and its weathervane, and in the process the swastika was discovered. The red copper weathervane fell off in 1983 and was never found. It had a charming locomotive on its apex, and at a cost of R10 000, the weathervane and the locomotive now sit again at the very top of the building. The clock face, originally made of cast iron and 1.5 metres in diameter, has now been replaced. While the workers were up in the sky, the beautiful copper copula was cleaned and polished, for the first time in 92 years. The restored clocktower (The Heritage Portal) The fire started last February as an indirect result of a signalling problem down the line from Pretoria. Commuters on the station became more and more impatient, and by 6.30pm, 6 000 commuters had been waiting for their connections for over an hour. It is believed that a small group – 12 have been charged with arson and vandalism – began attacking station property and staff. This group, after throwing bins onto the tracks, stones and fire extinguishers through windows, entered the waiting room and set fire to the curtains, carpets and chairs. While the crowds managed to leave the area via different exits, the fire quickly spread, moving up through two skylight wells on either side of the waiting room. It reached the roof and spread very quickly along the old eaves, destroying almost 100% of the roof, an area of 1 800 square metres. It took firemen with 14 fire engines until 4am to put out the fire, and although most of the building was not damaged, the walls and floors were thoroughly drenched. Pretoria Railway Station after the fire (Intersite Property Management Services) In June contractors were appointed to restore the buildings, through a selection process based on previous work on fire damage, restoration of historical buildings and black empowerment credentials. “The first step in the restoration process was intensive research of what the building was and is at the moment,” says architect José Ferreira, of RFB Consulting Architects, one of the contractors. Baker’s initial drawings were found. Over the years the South African Railways had added internal structures and replaced the wooden parquet tiles in the entrance hall with klompie brick tiles. These had to be replaced, but Ferreira says it took quite a bit of research on Baker’s other buildings to establish his preferred patterns and shapes for the replacement tiles. These replacement quarry tiles are now in place, emulating the patterns of the parquet and completing the splendour of the tall, arched entrance hall. The magnificent arched entrance hall (The Heritage Portal) It was hoped that the restoration would be complete by December 2001 but this was delayed by several factors. Plaster on the walls and ceilings had fallen off and the porous bricks had to be given time to dry out. But in October and November Pretoria experienced heavy rains which meant the bricks needed longer to dry out. But even once the bricks were dry, re-applying the plaster proved difficult. The bricks are old and made from lime mortar, and modern cement plaster is not compatible with them. Experiments were done to establish the correct mix to make the bricks and plaster compatible. This was not the only problem. Over the years the upper part of the beautiful sandstone façade had been painted a pale sand colour to blend with the lower rough stone colour. Once restoration started, it was suggested that the paint be stripped and the original façade be restored, instead of another coat of paint being applied. Old photo of the Pretoria Railway Station (South African Builder Magazine) The investigation revealed that in order to make the paint adhere to the stone, the painters had sealed the sandstone with an industrial sealant. This had subsequently seeped into the stone, causing the sand particles to separate. Furthermore, the sealant was of a non-breathing variety and prevented the natural process of evaporation of water. This water accumulates and over time causes deterioration of the stone, leading to a further separation of the stone particles. As a result, it was impossible to consider removing the paint and risking further deterioration. It was decided to renew the paint, this time using a breathable system which allows for moisture evaporation. Reconstruction of roof The reconstruction of the roof posed special problems, relating to Baker’s original design of the roof. The timber used for the original roof was Baltic deal or Scandinavian pine, and while efforts were made to replace the trusses with this timber, cost and time considerations made this impossible. Instead, local high-quality laminated pine was used. At the back of the building the roof curves. This meant that almost every truss inside the roof on the curved section had to be individually measured and cut to fit its particular place. Where possible, every effort was made to re-use the original roof timber. The roof tiles were also a challenge. A mould for them and a specialised cutting machine were imported from Italy, and the tiles had to be purpose-made. “Baker had skilled craftsmen to do this work, but we have had to study his drawings carefully and brief the builders and manufacturers precisely,” says Ferreira. A brickmaker from Italy was brought in to assist with the details. Several runs of the rounded red tiles were made before the correct colour was obtained, and now, says Ferreira, when the new tiles are compared with a section of tiles at the back that survived, “no one can tell the difference”. And now, with completion a mere two weeks away, has the restoration been successful? “Yes, we are very happy with what has been done, it looks stunning,” says Annette Lindeque, acting regional manager at Intersite Northern Gauteng. Intersite is the company that manages and develops all metropolitan railway stations on behalf of owners the South African Rail Commuter Corporation. “We were shocked and stunned when it happened but it has sparked the restoration process, which was necessary – the fire has provided opportunity,” adds Lindeque. The restored Pretoria Railway Station (The Heritage Portal) The area opposite the station is also to be revamped. At present it is an attractive garden but will be re-designed, and is to be declared a maximum control area, which means that hawkers will not be allowed use the garden for trading. They are to be moved to another area and supplied with water, and lights and stalls. The road between the station and the garden is to be closed off and raised to enhance pedestrian safety. Parking will be constructed to the east of the garden, and land and buildings around the station will be developed, some for informal traders. A budget of R18-million has been carefully used for this restoration and although compromises had at times to be made, “the quality is great”, says Ferreira. Part of that budget was spent on a fire detention system that links directly to the city’s emergency systems, says Lindeque. The signalling systems down the line are to be upgraded as well. The Pretoria Station was the first public building Baker designed and built in South Africa - mostly he’d built houses and churches - and is believed to be a try-out for the techniques he used in designing and building the grand and gracious Union Buildings several kilometres from the Station. Old photo of the Union Buildings via ARRA When South Africa was on the brink of becoming a union in 1910, it was decided to use excess funds that the Transvaal government had, instead of surrendering them to the new central government. A competition was held to find an architect for the Station. When none of the entries were approved, the competition was abandoned, and Baker, who was one of the competition judges, was awarded the commission. Baker began his sketches on 17 March 1909 and completed the drawings five months later, on 11 August. The Station replaced the old station which was built to receive the first steam trains into Pretoria, in 1893. A plaque commemorating the opening of the building (The Heritage Portal) The Station has some 70 000 passengers pass through its entrances every day, most to catch a train to work, some to take a coach out of town, some to board the luxurious Blue Train to Cape Town, many, it is hoped, to take the controversial R7-billion high-speed Gautrain when it’s completed in 2006. [the Gautrain eventually cost R26-billion, and hit the tracks in 2010] Commuters will shortly walk on beautiful quarry tiles through brand-new teak doorways, and station workers will open polished teak doors with brass knobs, and enjoy the high arches and shiny, new marble columns. They can enjoy coffee at the new coffee shop or buy a fresh croissant at Butterfields Bakery on the concourse. Plaque commemorating the restoration of the Pretoria Railway Station (The Heritage Portal) Lucille Davie has for many years written about Jozi people and places, as well as the city's history and heritage. Take a look at lucilledavie.co.za.

<urn:uuid:05bcc69f-4f24-4845-87cf-10a05e91fb8a>

CC-MAIN-2019-26

http://www.theheritageportal.co.za/article/swastika-herbert-baker-and-pretoria-station

s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2019-26/segments/1560627998923.96/warc/CC-MAIN-20190619063711-20190619085711-00243.warc.gz

en

Read more about Eye Allergies 1. Seasonal and Chronic Eye Allergies Millions of Americans face symptoms associated with eye allergies: itchy, red, watery eyes. Eye allergies can cause discomfort and disrupt your daily activities. An experienced Chicago optometrist can help you explore treatment options to alleviate the symptoms so that you can find relief during allergy season. 2. Causes of Eye Allergies Why are you experiencing these symptoms? The body is responding to an allergen in the environment. These allergens are present both indoors and outdoors. Common substances that cause allergic responses include pollen, grass, pet dander, and dust. If you have an allergic reaction, then the body responds by releasing histamines and other chemicals to protect your eyes. This chemical reaction causes the eyes to become itchy and watery to flush the allergens. Additionally, the blood vessels often swell, resulting in red eyes. 3. Types of Eye Allergies There are two common types of eye allergies: seasonal and perennial. - Seasonal Eye Allergies: The most common type of allergy, affecting people during certain seasons of the year. For example, allergy symptoms are often experienced during the spring and summer months when the trees and flowers are in full bloom. - Perennial Eye Allergies: If you experience allergies regardless of the seasonal changes in Chicago, then you likely have a perennial condition. Often, these eye allergies are caused by compounds that are present year-round, such as pet dander, dust, air pollution, cigarette smoke, and strong odors. 4. Symptoms of Eye Allergies Even though there are two types of eye allergies, the symptoms are often similar. Common symptoms include itching, watery eyes, swelling, burning, redness, blurry vision, and increase eye mucous production. These symptoms will continue until the allergen has been removed or treatment is used to manage the histamine response. The causes of allergy symptoms vary for each person. You can pay attention to the times when your allergies are triggered to identify the compounds that are causing the reaction. Medical tests, such as a pin pricking allergy test, can be done to determine the allergy levels for each compound. 5. Diagnosis and Treatment of Eye Allergies An optometrist in Chicago can usually complete an allergy diagnosis based on the symptoms of the patient. Confirmation of this diagnosis might be done with a slit lamp to determine dilation of the blood vessels and swelling of the eye tissues. The most effective treatment is minimizing exposure to an allergen. Your doctor might suggest that you stay inside during the times when the pollen count is high to minimize exposure to the eyes. Additionally, wearing sunglasses can reduce the risk of pollen entering the eyes. At home, allergens should be reduced by removing pets from the home and using thorough cleaning techniques to remove the dust and dander in the house. If you wear contact lenses, then it is best to discontinue the use of these lenses while the symptoms are flaring. Also, it can be helpful to use either over-the-counter or prescription medications. Antihistamines, decongestants, and/or artificial tears can offer relief for the symptoms. Your optometrist will help you identify the best treatment for your situation.

<urn:uuid:0a6f138f-2b48-4b58-ab58-d225c8e47272>

CC-MAIN-2019-26

https://vision-boutique.com/eye-allergies-chicago/

s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2019-26/segments/1560627998923.96/warc/CC-MAIN-20190619063711-20190619085711-00243.warc.gz

en