Datasets:

ruliad

/

fineweb_edu_100BT_chunk_11

like 0

It is essential for one to ensure that he or she drinks enough water for one to remain healthy. Where one takes enough water, he or she can be assured of a youthful skin which comes with lesser headaches as well as lesser chances of illnesses. Of the mentioned benefits of drinking enough water, most people have gotten them correct. One would consider drinking more water the moment he or she realises the essence of water in human life. Find out for further details on water flavor right here. Uptake of water tends to relieve one from fatigue as well as increase energy levels the moment one has ensured that he or she has taken enough water. Brain tends to be composed of water. As a result, individuals who drink more water tends to have no issues in focusing, thinking and concentrating. In addition to helping one feel revitalised, water also tends to make one feel energetic. Here’s a good post to read about benefits of drinking water, check this out! To all individuals considering losing weight, they should try water. Apart from reducing appetite, uptake of water also tends to increase removal of fats byproducts from the body. Water would also be a good hunger suppressant to individuals who are dieting. Water also tends to increase metabolism and also tend to add zero calories to the body. Water is also known for flushing out any toxins from the body. Individuals who tend to drink water more tends to have lesser chances of experiencing urinary tract infection or kidney related illnesses. The skin complexion also improves making one look younger, have a soft and glowing skin. Where one wants to get rid of wrinkles, water is a good anti-aging formula. To individuals who tend to have constipation more often, they should consider taking more water. Drinking enough water also reduces chances of illnesses. Water has been associated with getting rid of cancer, heart attack as well as flu. Where one tends to have regular headaches, he or he should consider trying water as a remedy for his or her natural headache. Individuals involved in sports should also ensure that they take enough water. The moment one is into sports, he or she should ensure that he or she drinks enough water as a way of ensuring that the joints are well lubricated and that the joints are revitalized. There is a good percentage of people who find water not desirable and hence take lesser water even when they are willing to take more. Taking flavoured water is one of the avenues of ensuring that one takes enough water by the end of each and every day.

<urn:uuid:bab051af-6337-478e-95b6-5d2f0ef478c8>

CC-MAIN-2018-39

https://waterdrinkingzine.wordpress.com/2017/05/23/benefits-of-drinking-more-water/

s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2018-39/segments/1537267163326.85/warc/CC-MAIN-20180926041849-20180926062249-00519.warc.gz

en

When a person is addicted to drugs or alcohol they become desperate for more. Addiction can cause moral and ethical decay and the addict is unable to think clearly and make the right choices. The physical body and mind begin to feel “normal” during substance abuse and abnormal when the substance starts to leave their body. When they start to experience strong cravings, addicts can literally feel like they are losing their minds. Desperation takes over and they will say anything to get their drug or drink. They will lie, use manipulation and sometimes blame others for their plights. Top Ten Lies an Addict Tells Knowing how addicts think and behave will help us become aware of what to expect from them. Here is our list of the top ten lies that addicts use: - When an addict has been fired from his or her job, he or she will usually make up a story about why it happened. He may present himself as the victim in the situation, and that his being fired was not his fault. He may say that the boss or other workers were against him and he was pushed out. Another thing he may add is that he was not happy with the job anyway and he wants to take some time off. An addict’s wife or family may notice that his bills are not being paid and money is missing. He may become angry if he is questioned and not supported. He will play the victim until the family gives in to his will. The wife or family must get the support they need to fight against the lies and manipulation of the addict. - Addiction is a disease of denial and most addicts will lie to themselves about their addictions. Addiction creates irrational, unbalanced and unhealthy behavior patterns that are the result of an abnormal obsession. An addict will try to rationalize and justify their addiction so that they can continue in it. The addict will tell himself that he is different than most people and his circumstances are not ordinary. He believes that he is exceptional (terminal uniqueness) and that normal behavior, rules and norms do not apply to him. - When an addict relapses, his or her family is hurt and concerned about him or her. The addict will make promises that it will never happen again and the family usually believes these statements at first. But it may happen again and again and eventually the family may become disillusioned and bitter. The addict may play the victim and think he is being punished for not bearing his burden. He may feel that he is being treated unfairly and he may become estranged from his family. The family relationship may be destroyed because of mistrust and resentment. - An addict may ask his family and friends for a loan because he ran short and has to pay his rent. He will usually make up all kinds of stories about why he needs to have money today. And he will reassure you that he will repay you but you will probably never see that money again. - Some addicts will say that they can never stop using drugs or alcohol and they will present every excuse and argument to support their beliefs. If other people stop debating the issue with them, they usually feel that they are right in their beliefs. An addict will become defensive if he feels threatened, but he may listen to a skilled counselor’s opposing argument because he won’t feel threatened. - An addict will try to justify his bad behavior and will usually put the blame on someone else. He will rationalize why he had to do what he did and he expects you to believe him and understand. - Avoidance is another game that addicts play. They will skirt around issues and avoid giving you a straight answer. - Addicts will lie about where they were or where they are going. They will concoct all types of stories to cover up the truth. - When an addict is feeling shame or guilt about their addiction or bad behavior, their pride and ego feel threatened. To cover up their feelings they will tell lies and put the focus and blame on others. - To avoid facing the reality of their circumstances, an addict will tell you everything is great. They may say they have a good job and things are going well for them, but the truth may be that they are unemployed and practically homeless. Knowing the Part You Play Lies serve a purpose for an addict. They are a part of the disease of addiction and they keep an addict from facing the truth and recovering. Your part in the relationship with an addict is to gently call him out on his lies and offer your support. Addicts often lie and seek isolation when they feel threatened, so your stance is to facilitate trust and support. If you or a loved one needs help with abuse and/or treatment, please call the WhiteSands Treatment at (877) 855-3470. Our addiction specialists can assess your recovery needs and help you get the addiction treatment that provides the best chance for your long-term recovery.

<urn:uuid:56e05e5d-c779-4d0a-ac42-e49b17fac181>

CC-MAIN-2018-39

https://whitesandstreatment.com/2016/07/05/top-ten-lies-an-addict-tells/

s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2018-39/segments/1537267163326.85/warc/CC-MAIN-20180926041849-20180926062249-00519.warc.gz

en

We have a number of activities for you to get involved in as part of our current projects. Scroll down to read about what activities you can do with us. - Why is genetic engineering important? - How is genetic engineering part of the field of engineering? - What changes has genetic engineering already made in the world? - How can genetic engineering change the world in the future? - A one-minute video of your activity and/ or photos (max. 10 photos) - A 200-word description of what you did - Media permissions form signed by the teacher - A question from the class for one of the three panellists The challenge is now open. Register your interest now to receive free resources and inspiring material by emailing us at email@example.com. Workshops: We are leading workshops for women’s groups across the UK. These help develop confidence in communication, as well as inviting groups to discover and respond creatively to some of the experiences of mothers explored through the project. The workshop can be anywhere between two and five hours, and is designed to suit the requirements each group we are delivering to. Creative commemoration: Your group can discover the stories and experiences of mothers who lost their sons and daughters whilst they were serving in the First World War, and respond creatively to them. Your group could use visual art, creative writing, music or more to commemorate these women and their experiences. Research: Your group can research mothers from the UK who lost sons or daughters whilst they were serving in the First World War. Research could include letter exchanges between mothers and sons during the First World War, poetry written about bereavement during the period, newspaper articles, and biographical information about the mothers and their experience of losing their children. You could look into your family histories, look at local archives, contact local history groups, use the Commonwealth War Graves Commission database, look for books or find memorials. We are searching for groups across the UK to take part in our project to raise awareness of the lives and experiences of British men and women who served as Labour Corps during the First World War. We have commissioned researchers across the UK to unearth little-known local Labour Corps heritage. Groups can access this research and plan thoughtful commemorative projects. Each researcher was also given a theme related to the British Labour Corps. The locations and of the researchers are Hertfordshire, Leeds, Hull, Brighton, Glasgow, Wales, Manchester, Leicester and South Shields. Find out more in our community call out document below. Could you take part as a community hub? You can be awarded up to £1,000 through our eligible expenses scheme. Visit our hubs page to find out more. Groups not based in the locations above can still engage with The Unremembered: The British story. We can share our database of over 5,700 Labour Corps service personnel who died whilst serving during the First World War and are buried or commemorated in the UK. Groups can access funding and resources to plan commemorative projects. Email firstname.lastname@example.org to take part. To find out more about how to take part, read the following document: Call for community groups to discover, remember and share local heritage for British Labour Corps Specially-designed No Barriers medals will be available for groups that hold events to mark Walter Tull’s centenary and stand up to discrimination for Tull100. Medals are awarded to groups, rather than to individuals. At the end of the year, 29 special medals will be awarded for exceptional achievements, one for each year of Tull’s life. To earn a No Barriers medal, you will need to: - Commemorate Walter Tull (there are lots of activity ideas in the resource pack) - Work together in a group - Include new members of the community in your group - Include a meaningful No Barriers conversation at your event. Alongside the No Barriers Medal Challenge, teams will also be invited to dedicate football matches to Walter Tull, and groups across the country can produce creative responses to his life, including writing and art. Trailblazers encourages young people to explore the incredible lives of women from the First World War, to discover Trailblazing women in your locality, and to develop as future Trailblazers. Schools and community groups across the country can research a contemporary Trailblazer in your local community and display posters celebrating the incredible achievements of women today. If you are a school or community group you can research and nominate a contemporary Trailblazer from your local community to be made into one of our Trailblazer posters. We will then help you display your poster alongside those that have been made by other schools and groups across the country, as well as the stories of women from the First World War. Email us at email@example.com with the subject heading Trailblazers posters to take part and find out more. Colour to Commemorate: Illustrate a commemorative, 30-page poetry book with your class to be kept in your school library. We commissioned poet and children’s author Jim Eldridge to write accessible poems about the RAF, flight, conflict, death and remembrance for children and young people for this poetry book. Research to Remember: Take part in Research to Remember this autumn by using the Remember RAF100 Database. Research your local area to find out about local, World War One, RAF graves and the stories behind those buried locally. Share these stories with your local community by inviting them to a commemorative event. Contact Big Ideas for a funding application and access to the Remember RAF100 database. Email RAF100@big-ideas.org to take part and find out more. Become a bell ringer to honour the bell ringers that died during the First World War. By joining Ringing Remembers you will: - Be part of a unique nationwide project to honour the 1,400 bell ringers lost during the First World War - Learn a new skill that is both a sport and an art, social, a mental exercise and good for focus and fitness - Be part of a local community and connect with an ancient British tradition - Have the opportunity to ring with others across the country on 11 November, marking the centenary of the Armistice.

<urn:uuid:5cc77c83-2b44-48bf-80d1-e2406146e536>

CC-MAIN-2018-39

https://www.big-ideas.org/take-part/

s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2018-39/segments/1537267163326.85/warc/CC-MAIN-20180926041849-20180926062249-00519.warc.gz

en

Asian hornets are invasive and have been known to eat honeybees and destroy their hives. As if honeybees didn’t have enough to contend with already with the excessive use of insecticides to prevent Zika and other diseases, the first confirmed sightings of Asian Hornets on the shores of Britain are causing alarm for local species. Image Credit: BBC With honeybees already in distress, this threat poses a problem that could drastically impact honeybee numbers even further if the problem isn’t dealt with swiftly. Britain says they’ve been expecting this to happen for years since the Asian hornet has already been popping up all across the European continent within the past decade, and fortunately, they’ve got plan to keep the Asian hornets at bay. They’ve most likely migrated from France and other neighboring well-established locations. They could have flown over, been carried by the wind, or been transported into the new region where they’re now settings up nests to live in. “We have been anticipating the arrival of the Asian hornet for some years and have a well-established protocol in place to eradicate them and control any potential spread,” said Nicola Spence, Defra Deputy Director for Plant and Bee Health. “We remain vigilant across the country, working closely with the National Bee Unit and their nationwide network of bee inspectors,” she continued. The plan is ultimately to locate and eradicate any Asian hornet nests as swiftly and effectively as possible. With these measures in place, it’s hoped that the number of Asian hornets in the region will be unable to grow to unsustainable amounts. By keeping their numbers low enough, or even removing them from the region completely, they can help preserve honeybee populations. Finding and removing the queen from the equation is a critical part of this process, and it’s not going to be easy. Related: Infographic: Can We Save the Bees? Source: UK Department for Environment, Food & Rural Affairs via BBC

<urn:uuid:36c98513-2969-464d-a4a1-3cda6a60e524>

CC-MAIN-2018-39

https://www.labroots.com/trending/plants-and-animals/4215/asian-hornet-found-uk-first-time

s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2018-39/segments/1537267163326.85/warc/CC-MAIN-20180926041849-20180926062249-00519.warc.gz

en

An international team of scientists has made a list of Earth's most "irreplaceable" places, highlighting more than 2,300 unique habitats that are key to the survival of rare wildlife. The goal of their research, published in the journal Science, is to help wildlife managers make existing parks and nature preserves more effective at preventing extinction. "Protected areas can only fulfill their role in reducing biodiversity loss if they are effectively managed," says Simon Stuart, chair of the International Union for Conservation of Nature's Species Survival Commission, in a press release about the study. "Given limited conservation budgets, that is not always the case, so governments should pay particular attention to the management effectiveness of highly irreplaceable protected areas." The study offers an irreplaceability score for 2,178 protected areas and 192 proposed sites, ranking their importance to rare wildlife in general and to specific biological groups. It also lists 78 "exceptionally irreplaceable" sites, which host the majority of the populations of some 600 bird, amphibian and mammal species, half of which are threatened. Many of the places already have UNESCO World Heritage protection, but half of the total land they cover does not. That includes the most irreplaceable site on Earth for threatened species, according to the study: Colombia's Sierra Nevada de Santa Marta Natural National Park. "These exceptional places would all be strong candidates for World Heritage status," says lead author Soizic Le Saout. "Such recognition would ensure effective protection of the unique biodiversity in these areas, given the rigorous standards required." Here's a look at a few of the irreplaceable places; see the full list for more information. Manú National Park, Peru Photo: Vil Sandi/Flickr Hawaiian Islands National Wildlife Refuge, U.S. Photo: U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service/Flickr Western Ghats, India Photo: Prashanth Dotcompals/Flickr Khao Sok National Park, Thailand Photo: Kerem Tapani Gültekin/Flickr Sierra Nevada de Santa Marta Natural National Park, Colombia Sian Ka'an Biosphere Reserve, Mexico Photo: Umberto Nicoletti/Flickr Tsingy de Bemaraha Strict Nature Reserve, Madagascar Photo: Ralph Kränzlein/Flickr Apuan Alps, Italy Northeast Greenland National Park, Denmark Photo: Rita Willaert/Flickr Tsavo East National Park, Kenya Photo: Roberto Faccenda/Flickr Related wildlife conservation stories on MNN: - Western black rhinos: Extinct, not forgotten - Why the U.S. just crushed its ivory stockpile - Can mountain gorillas coexist with oil rigs? - Sea turtles bouncing back in U.S. Southeast

<urn:uuid:f48295fb-68a0-4ac7-89fd-f3a66f39af55>

CC-MAIN-2018-39

https://www.mnn.com/earth-matters/wilderness-resources/blogs/scientists-identify-2370-irreplaceable-places

s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2018-39/segments/1537267163326.85/warc/CC-MAIN-20180926041849-20180926062249-00519.warc.gz

en

Subscribe for full online access and get... - Full, instant access to all stories - Customised email alerts straight to your inbox - Monthly print magazine Climate change means severe flooding will become five to ten times more frequent over the next century, the Environment Agency warned this week. The Agency has issued new flood warning codes in a bid to communicate risk more effectively to those in danger. These are 'flood watch', where flooding is possible; 'flood warning', where flooding is expected; 'severe flood warning', where there is imminent danger to life and property; and 'all clear'.

<urn:uuid:1d079187-3eec-4be2-8cfb-ad728676b5a7>

CC-MAIN-2018-39

https://www.newcivilengineer.com/news-climate-change/828618.article

s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2018-39/segments/1537267163326.85/warc/CC-MAIN-20180926041849-20180926062249-00519.warc.gz

en

Summer ST Math at Home with JiJi Dear Parents or Guardians: This school year, your child used the ST Math program at school. ST Math is a web based computer program where students play games designed to teach math. This summer your child can continue to play ST Math at home using a computer or a tablet. Attached to this letter are instructions for using ST Math at home this summer. In ST Math, the puzzles start off simple and then get more challenging as the student progresses. When they reach a challenging problem, your child should attempt the problem and use the visual feedback provided to help them figure out why their answer did or did not work. The feedback provided with each puzzle will help students figure out how to solve the problems. How to help your child when they get stuck: You should not give your child the correct answer to get them past the game with which they are struggling. The goal of ST Math is to promote problem solving. Ask you child the following questions to help them think through the problem: - What do you notice about the puzzle? - What can you do to get JiJi across the screen? - Describe the strategy that you are going to use? - Once you have done the strategy, pay attention to the feedback. What did you learn? - How will you change your strategy based on the feedback? You may need to ask these questions several times to help your child think through the math in the game. Encourage your child to take risks and ask them to explain what they learn from the wrong answers. Encourage your child to go back to the previous level and play that game. What did they learn from that level that can help them with the level on which they are stuck? Questions to ask to help your child explain what they are learning - Can you explain how you solved the puzzle? - Can you solve it in a different way? - What math skills are you using to solve the puzzle? Ideas to promote mathematics 1. When your child masters a level it will turn green. Have your child go back through and select a green level they have mastered. Have them teach you the game and make sure they share their understanding of the math in the games. This is a good opportunity to encourage communication. Take note of the vocabulary words that they use and build a summer math word wall. 2. Have your child identify their favorite game and do one of the following: - Create word problems that go along with each level in that puzzle - Write a math story based on the visual picture in the game - Create a game that can be played by the entire family. The game should include directions and a title On the links to the left is a Summer ST Math Challenge. Have your child track their ST Math usage over the summer and turn it in to their teacher at the beginning of the school year. For more ideas and information visit JiJi on social media

<urn:uuid:08320671-5a3d-4153-b0f4-df76729e6704>

CC-MAIN-2018-39

https://www.pcsb.org/domain/7278

s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2018-39/segments/1537267163326.85/warc/CC-MAIN-20180926041849-20180926062249-00519.warc.gz

en

How We Decide Who's Creepy New research into our 'creepiness detector' explains a lot. Posted May 19, 2015 "That guy is so creepy," we occasionally say about other people. But what does that really mean and why do we say it? Our “creepy” reaction is both unpleasant and confusing, and according to one study (Leander, et al, 2012), it may even be accompanied by physical symptoms such as feeling cold or chilly. What is Creepiness? Following casual conversation with colleagues about the psychology underlying creepiness, I decided to explore what's been studied about the phenomenon. Given how frequently creepiness is discussed in everyday life, I was amazed that no one had yet studied it in a scientific way. The little bit of research that was at all relevant focused on how we respond to things such as weird nonverbal behaviors, and being socially excluded. These studies did not use the word creepiness, but their results implied that our “creepiness detector” may in fact be a defense against some sort of threat. Creepiness may be related to the “agency-detection” mechanisms proposed by evolutionary psychologists. These mechanisms evolved to protect us from harm at the hands of predators and enemies. If you are walking down a dark city street and hear the sound of something moving in a dark alley, you will respond with a heightened level of arousal and sharply focused attention and behave as if there is a willful “agent” present who is about to do you harm. If it turns out to be just a gust of wind or a stray cat, you lost little by over-reacting, but if you failed to activate the alarm response and a true threat was present, the cost of your miscalculation could be high. We evolved to err on the side of detecting threats in such ambiguous situations. Creepiness May be a Response to an Uncertainty about Threat What, then, does our creepiness detector warn us about? It cannot just be a clear warning of physical or social harm. A mugger who points a gun in your face and demands money is terrifying. A rival who threatens to destroy your reputation by revealing secret information about you fills you with dread. Most of us would not use the word “creepy” to refer to either of these situations, yet in both cases there is no ambiguity about the presence of threat. I believe that creepiness is anxiety aroused by the ambiguity of whether there is something to fear, and/or by the ambiguity of the precise nature of the threat—sexual, physical violence, or contamination, for example—that might be present. Only when we are confronted with uncertainty about threat do we get “creeped out." Our uncertainty paralyzes us about how to respond. For example, it would be considered rude, and strange, to run away in the middle of a conversation with someone is sending out a creepy vibe but is actually harmless; it could be perilous to ignore your intuition and engage with that individual if he is dangerous. This ambivalence may leave you frozen in place, wallowing in creepiness. Yet this reaction could still be adaptive if it helps you maintain vigilance during such periods of uncertainty and manage the balance between self-preservation and social obligation. The First Empirical Study of Creepiness I began by trying to identify the components of creepiness. Since there was no previous body of research to build upon, I decided to pursue this question in a study with one of my students, Sara Koehnke. Our study was unavoidably exploratory in nature, but we had a few hypotheses: - If creepiness communicates potential threat, males should be more likely to be perceived as creepy than females, since males are generally more violent and physically threatening to more people (see McAndrew, 2009). - Related to the first prediction, females should be more likely than males to perceive some sort of sexual threat from a "creepy" person. - Occupations that signal a fascination with threatening stimuli, such as death or "non-normative" sex, may attract individuals that would be comfortable in such a work environment. Hence, some occupations should be perceived as creepier than other occupations. - Since we hypothesize that creepiness is a function of uncertainty about threat, non-normative nonverbal behaviors and behaviors or characteristics associated with unpredictability will be positively associated with perceptions of creepiness. We recruited volunteers to fill out an online survey through Facebook, and ended up with a sample of 1,341 individuals (1,029 females, 312 males) ranging in age from 18 to 77 with a mean age of 28.97 (SD = 11.34). In the first section of the survey, our participants rated the likelihood that a hypothetical “creepy person” would exhibit 44 different behaviors, such as unusual patterns of eye contact or physical characteristics like visible tattoos. In the second section of the survey, participants rated the creepiness of 21 different occupations, and in the third section, they simply listed two hobbies that they thought were creepy. In the final section, participants expressed their level of agreement with 15 statements about the nature of creepy people. Our study confirmed the following: - Perceived creepy people are more likely to be males than females. - Females are more likely to perceive sexual threat from creepy people. - Occupations do differ in level of perceived creepiness. Clowns, taxidermists, sex-shop owners, and funeral directors were at the top of the list. - Unpredictability is an important component of perceived creepiness. - A variety of non-normative physical characteristics and nonverbal behaviors contribute to perceptions of creepiness. - Participants did not believe that most creepy people realize they are creepy, nor did they believe that creepy people necessarily have bad intentions. However, they also believed that creepy people could not change. - The most frequently mentioned creepy hobbies involved collecting things, such as dolls, insects, or body parts such as teeth. Bones or fingernails were considered especially creepy; the second most frequently mentioned creepy hobby involved some variation of "watching," such as taking pictures of people, watching children, pornography, and even bird watching. The results are consistent with the idea that creepiness is a response to the ambiguity of threat. Non-normative non-verbal and emotional behaviors, unusual physical characteristics and hobbies, or suspect occupations set off our “creepiness detector." Men are considered more likely to be creepy by males and females alike; women are more likely to perceive sexual threat from creepy people. We have presented our results at several conferences and they have been published in New Ideas in Psychology. I plan to extend my research from creepy people to creepy places: We become uneasy, for example, in environments that are dark and/or offer a lot of hiding places for potential predators and also lack clear, unobstructed views of the landscape. These environmental qualities have been called “prospect” and "refuge” by British geographer Jay Appleton. Fear of crime and a pervasive sense of unease are experienced in environments with less than optimal combinations of prospect and refuge. In creepy places as with creepy people, I expect to find that it is not the clear presence of danger that creeps us out, but rather the uncertainty of whether danger is present or not. Appleton, J. (1975). The experience of landscape. London: John Wiley & Sons. Appleton, J. (1984). Prospects and refuges revisited. Landscape Journal, 8, 91-103. Barrett, H. C. (2005) Adaptations to predators and prey. In D. M. Buss (Ed.), The handbook of evolutionary psychology (pp. 200-223). Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley & Sons. Fisher, B. S., and Nasar, J. L. (1992). Fear of crime in relation to three exterior site features: Prospect, refuge, and escape. Environment and Behavior, 24, 35-65. Leander, N. P., Chartrand, T. L., and Bargh, J. A. (2012). You give me the chills: Embodied reactions to inappropriate amounts of behavioral mimicry. Psychological Science, 23, 772-779. McAndrew, F. T. (2009). The interacting roles of testosterone and challenges to status in human male aggression. Aggression and Violent Behavior, 14, 330-335. McAndrew, F. T., & Koehnke, S. S. (IN PRESS). On the Nature of Creepiness. New Ideas in Psychology, Öhman, A., Flykt, A., and Esteves, F. (2001). Emotion drives attention: Detecting the snake in the grass. Journal of Experimental Psychology: General, 130, 466-478. Szczurek, L., Monin, B., and Gross, J. J. (2012). “The Stranger effect: The rejection of affective deviants.” Psychological Science, 23, 1105-1111. Zhong, C. B., & Leonardelli, G. J. (2008). Cold and lonely: Does social exclusion literally feel cold? Psychological Science, 19, 838-842.

<urn:uuid:c4cfc5d5-3273-4c5b-a8c4-e882e9bd2b7b>

CC-MAIN-2018-39

https://www.psychologytoday.com/us/blog/out-the-ooze/201505/how-we-decide-whos-creepy

s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2018-39/segments/1537267163326.85/warc/CC-MAIN-20180926041849-20180926062249-00519.warc.gz

en

Clandestine videos from inside industrial animal facilities have been in the news recently. An undercover video taken at one of the nation’s largest pork producers shows pigs being dragged across the floor, beaten with paddles, and sick to the point of immobility. … “The actions depicted in the video under review are appalling and completely unacceptable, and if we can verify the video’s authenticity, we will aggressively investigate the case and take appropriate action,” said USDA spokesman Adam Tarr (source). Another video followed shortly afterward, this one showing chickens being beaten and abused on factory farms in North Carolina. “We are appalled by the mistreatment and abuse by a contract catching crew and farm worker shown in the video. We are deeply disturbed that birds with obvious leg or health issues were left to suffer,” the corporate owner responded when the video came to light (source). But this is the price of cheap factory meat. Even when at their best, farm animals raised in confined animal feed operations (CAFOs) are treated unnaturally and inhumanely. A laying hen will spend her entire adult life, for example, standing on a piece of wire mesh smaller than a standard sheet of paper. Once her egg production starts to fall, she will be slaughtered and turned into soup or dog food. Sows (mother hogs) spend their entire adult lives in cages 7 feet long and 22 inches wide. Unable to even turn around, they are artificially inseminated. After they have produced, on average, 8 litters of piglets, they are slaughtered. No creature should be subjected to treatment like this. No one with an ounce of compassion for animals should be willing to eat animals that have been treated this way. Most of us have chosen cheap meat over the humane treatment of animals. But it doesn’t have to be this way of course. We don’t have to abuse and torture animals before we kill and eat them. Things are changing, and that gives me hope. Even a few years ago, it was rare to see any reference to “ethical eating.” But now, an increasingly large number of people want to know more about the animal products they eat than just the price of them. So where did the notion of ethical eating come from? Was it just dreamed up by some sentimental hippies over the last few years? At least in western culture, the idea that farm animals should be treated with compassion and respect goes back thousands of years. In one of the most famous poems of all time, the Psalmist says “The Lord is my shepherd.” He describes how “his shepherd” cares for and protects him. Of course, sheep weren’t pets. They were being raised to be sources of human food. Would a poet today choose a factory farm operator as a metaphor for God? Likewise, Jesus famously told of the “good shepherd” who risked his life to defend his sheep. Countless stained-glass windows have the image of Christ gently carrying a lamb. But that animal isn’t a pet. It is intended for human food. Here again, the care of a farmer for his animals was seen as an image of the divine love and care for humanity. But is that what we think of when we see animals being beaten and dragged onto an assembly line where they’re being slaughtered at a rate of 1,300 per hour? When Christ compared his compassion for Jerusalem to the love a hen shows for her chicks (Luke 13:34), he obviously did not have in mind hens confined to tiny battery cages, who exist only to crank out eggs as cheaply and quickly as possible, and who never even see a rooster, much less brood chicks. John Wesley and his followers were often ridiculed for their insistence on animal welfare, but they considered it essential to their faith. In our treatment of animals, Wesley said, we should “imitate Him whose mercy is over all his works.” “The Lord careth for them…not one of them is forgotten in the sight of our Father which art in heaven,” he wrote. Wesley taught and believed that when all things are redeemed and restored to their original and intended goodness, animal suffering will be no more, and that we should begin to live into that hope now. “Let us habituate ourselves to look forward, beyond this present scene of bondage, to the happy time when (animals) will be delivered therefrom to the liberty of the children of God.” The belief that we have a moral obligation to treat animals decently is not a recent invention, even if nowadays our sensibilities have been numbed. We condemn people for abusing pets and wildlife, while ignoring systematic abuse of farm animals. It’s easy to blame the corporate owners of these facilities for the abuse. And they deserve blame. But we need to step back and remember that corporations don’t have consciences. They exist to maximize profits to shareholders, while shielding them from liability. Period. Industrial food corporations are just meeting a demand that we create. They are not moral gatekeepers. We are. I choose to believe that the day is approaching when these disgusting facilities will be things of the past–embarrassing reminders of a less-enlightened time. But how quickly that day arrives, or even if it arrives at all, is up to us. Every time we choose our food, we’re voting for the kind of world we want to live in.

<urn:uuid:01c22fe4-d491-4b13-8beb-a9296b07b450>

CC-MAIN-2018-39

https://www.seedbed.com/why-christians-should-be-people-for-the-ethical-treatment-of-animals/

s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2018-39/segments/1537267163326.85/warc/CC-MAIN-20180926041849-20180926062249-00519.warc.gz

en

Examples carbon dating errors Specifically, each nucleus will lose an electron, a process which is referred to as decay. This rate of decay, thankfully, is constant, and can be easily measured in terms of ‘half-life’. This provides good information, but it only indicates how long ago that piece of wood was cut from a living tree. Their work was detailed in a paper in the latest issue of the journal . For over 50 years, scientists and researchers have relied on carbon dating to find the exact age of organic matter. Prior to that, they had to depend on more rudimentary and imprecise methods, such as counting the number of rings on a cross-section of tree trunk. This all changed in the 1940s when US chemist Willard Libby discovered that carbon-14, a radioactive isotope, could be used to date organic compounds.

<urn:uuid:5b421ccd-d39b-4285-96bb-8fab1b2eca0f>

CC-MAIN-2018-39

http://apk-expo.ru/user/view/7031

s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2018-39/segments/1537267156096.0/warc/CC-MAIN-20180919083126-20180919103126-00559.warc.gz

en

We are talking about how to write a USB CDC driver in Silabs Arm Cortex M3 MCU. CDC class will simulate a COM port in PC OS which can be accessed by common serial tool. The chip we are using is SiM3U1xx. We can go through USB basic knowledge and then into detail design method to make it work on SiM3U167. USB device driver used be hard part due to limited PC OS driver support and firmware need to take care many electric layer operations. But now, PC support more and more USB classes by default. We don't need to write PC driver. And SOC with USB component make it easier to manage USB transfer behavior. We can focus on protocol layer, that is really benefit for us to write a USB driver. In this case, USB CDC device is supported by WinXP, Win7,etc. and only need one INF file. So let us start it to learn how to make it look simple. 2. USB background knowledge Universal Serial Bus (USB) is an industry standard developed in the mid-1990s that defines the cables, connectors and communications protocols used in a bus for connection, communication and power supply between computers and electronic devices. USB interface include VBUS, GND, D+,D-. There are three USB specifications. USB1.1, USB2.0, USB3.0. · USB1.1 released in January 1998, USB 1 specified data rates of 1.5 Mbit/s (Low-Bandwidth) and 12 Mbit/s (Full-Bandwidth) · USB2.0 Released in April 2000. Added higher maximum signaling rate of 480 Mbit/s (effective throughput up to 35 MB/s or 280 MBit/s) (now called "Hi-Speed"). · USB3.0 was released in November 2008. The standard claims a theoretical "maximum" transmission speed of up to 5 Gbit/s (625 MB/s). USB 3.0 reduces the time required for data transmission, reduces power consumption, and is backward compatible with USB 2.0. 2.2 System design. The design architecture of USB is asymmetrical in its topology, consisting of a host, a multitude of downstream USB ports, and multiple peripheral devices connected in a tiered-star topology. Up to 127 devices, including hub devices if present, may be connected to a single host controller. USB device communication is based on pipes (logical channels). A pipe is a connection from the host controller to a logical entity, found on a device, and named an endpoint. Because pipes correspond 1-to-1 to endpoints, the terms are sometimes used interchangeably. A USB device can have up to 32 endpoints. There are two types of pipes: stream and message pipes. A message pipe is bi-directional and is used for control transfers. Message pipes are typically used for short, simple commands to the device, and a status response, used, for example, by the bus control pipe number 0. A stream pipe is a uni-directional pipe connected to a uni-directional endpoint that transfers data using an isochronous, interrupt, or bulk transfer: · isochronous transfers: at some guaranteed data rate (often, but not necessarily, as fast as possible) but with possible data loss (e.g., realtime audio or video). · interrupt transfers: devices that need guaranteed quick responses (bounded latency) (e.g., pointing devices and keyboards). · bulk transfers: large sporadic transfers using all remaining available bandwidth, but with no guarantees on bandwidth or latency (e.g., file transfers). An endpoint of a pipe is addressable with a tuple (device_address, endpoint_number) as specified in a TOKEN packet that the host sends when it wants to start a data transfer session. If the direction of the data transfer is from the host to the endpoint, an OUT packet (a specialization of a TOKEN packet) having the desired device address and endpoint number is sent by the host. If the direction of the data transfer is from the device to the host, the host sends an IN packet instead. Endpoints are grouped into interfaces and each interface is associated with a single device function. An exception to this is endpoint zero, which is used for device configuration and which is not associated with any interface. A single device function composed of independently controlled interfaces is called a composite device. A composite device only has a single device address because the host only assigns a device address to a function. When a USB device is first connected to a USB host, the USB device enumeration process is started. The enumeration starts by sending a reset signal to the USB device. The data rate of the USB device is determined during the reset signaling. After reset, the USB device's information is read by the host and the device is assigned a unique 7-bit address. If the device is supported by the host, the device drivers needed for communicating with the device are loaded and the device is set to a configured state. If the USB host is restarted, the enumeration process is repeated for all connected devices. 2.3 Device classes The functionality of USB devices is defined by class codes, communicated to the USB host to affect the loading of suitable software driver modules for each connected device. This provides for adaptability and device independence of the host to support new devices from different manufacturers. Device classes include: 3. USB protocol For USB 2.0 high speed device. There is a pull up resistor on D+. On USB host side, D+/D- has pull down resistors. Once USB device plug in, USB host find D+ voltage rise up, and then know USB device attached. USB host will execute a bus reset, and assign an address for this USB device. And then USB host want to get detail information of USB device. Know device class type, assign correspond class driver for this device for further communication. We can separate it into two stages: enumeration and class stage communication. Every packet transfer need ACK/NACK indicate status. Once host send a packet, it will show it is IN or OUT packet type. Here IN means host in, OUT means host out. For IN type, device should prepare data in IN endpoint and response NACK if data not ready, once data ready, sent it out and get ACK from host. For OUT type, device should response with ACK when data received. This is easy understand, just like handshake in any reliable communication. In this stage, USB host try to get essential information of USB device by a set of descriptors. Detail description can be found in USB 2.0 specification chapter 9. Let's see a capture snapshot of USB enumeration status by USB protocol analyzer. From above snapshot. Let's start with row 5 "Reset(15.0ms)".We can see PC execute a Bus Reset at first. And execute High speed Detection Handshake, this one to get know is high speed or full speed device. In our case, it is TIMEOUT which means it is full speed device. 3.1.1 After that, USB host assign an address to device with SetAddress command. The command package is 8 bytes size, we call it Setup data, the structure illustrate in USB2.0 spec chapter 9. Let's have a look on SetAddress command, the data is 00, 05,05,00,00,00,00,00. · So we got bmRequestType = 00, Host-to-device direction; standard type; device recipient. · bRequest = 05, it is Set_Address refer to Table 9-4 · wValue = 0005(LSB), this is assgigned address = 5. · wIndex = 0000(LSB), it is zero refer Table 9-3. · wLenght = 0000(LSB), it s zeron refer Table 9-3. Once device set address correctly, it ACK to USB host to indicate address assignment was done. 3.1.2. And USB host send a GetDescriptor setup data to know detail description of device. Let's have a look on the setup data. 80,06,00,01,00,00,12,00 · bmRequestType = 0x80, device to host direction, that mean device need to send back data to host. · bRequest = 06, GetDescriptor command refer Table 9-4. · wValue = 0001(LSB), Descriptor type is device refer Table 9-5. · wIndex = 0000(LSB), it is zero refer Table 9-3. · wLenght = 0x0012(LSB), descriptor length is 18 bytes. And then we can device send back 18 bytes descriptors (12,01,10,01,02,00,00,40,c4,10,02,a0,01,00,01,02,00,01), the data structure also can be found in chapter 9 Table 9-8. Standard Device Descriptor. Let's have good looking formation of these data. The idVendor is fix, 0x10c4 for Silabs, idProduct 0xa002 which need customer to ask Silabs assign an unique PID for them. bDeviceClass = 2 means CDC class. And others items are easy to understand, not to talk in detail. 3.1.3. And then USB host execute GetDescriptor(Configuration),GetDescriptor(Sting LangIDs),GetDescriptor(String iProduct),SetConfiguration(1). Those can be found in USB2.0 spec chapter 9 also. Then enumeration was done. 3.2 Class stage communication. We can see last two setup data was CDC class special command. Class special IN(0x21) and Class Special Out(0x22). We need to get detail information from class CDC spec usbcdc11.pdf. 0x21 is GET_LINE_CODING, 0x22 is SET_CONTROL_LINE_STATE. All above are endpoint 0 transfer. For CDC ACM USB class, we need on interrupt in endpoint, one bulk in endpoint, one bulk out endpoint. So let's capture some data when open USB CDC device, and data transfer. We can see at first USB host send GET_LINE_CODING(0x21) command to learn device status, device report 0x1c200(LSB), 115200 bps, 8 data bits, 1 stop bit, no parity. But we set BPS as 57600 in UART terminal tool, so we see SET_LINE_CODING(0X20) send 0xE100 to device and read back for comparison. Also, we capture data in bulk endpoint in/out, there is 'a' (0x61) in OUT endpoint(3), 'b'(0x62) in IN endpoint(2). 4· Write USB CDC device driver Now we are going to start programming. As we discuss above, the first thing is handle Setup Data in code; Second thing is handle Class special request; Last thing is realize function requirement. Of course, hardware initialization has to be done before USB run. 4.1 Hardware initialization. · Enable APB clock to PB0, UART0, USB0, FLASH module · Set flash access speed to 2 for 48Mhz system clock. · GPIO setup, SMV enable, PB2 for LED as push-pull,Crossbar0,1 enable, UART pin module enabled. // UART PINS TO PROPER CONFIG (TX = PB1.12, RX = PB1.13) · Enable USB oscillator, set AHB source as USB oscillator, and system clock as 48Mhz. SystemCoreClock = 48000000; · UART hardware initialize and interrupt enable SI32_UART_A_set_rx_baudrate(SI32_UART_0, (SystemCoreClock / (2 * 115200)) - 1); SI32_UART_A_set_tx_baudrate(SI32_UART_0, (SystemCoreClock / (2 * 115200)) - 1); // SETUP TX (8-bit, 1stop, no-parity) // SETUP RX · USB hardware initialize and interrupt enable // Enable Endpoint 0 interrupts SI32_USB_A_write_cmint (SI32_USB_0, 0x00000000); SI32_USB_A_write_ioint (SI32_USB_0, 0x00000000); USB_DeviceState = DEVICE_STATE_Unattached; USB_Device_ConfigurationNumber = 0; USB_DeviceState = DEVICE_STATE_Powered; // Uninhibit the module once all initialization is complete 4.2 USB Setup data handler. There is a default USB ISR entry "void USB0_IRQHandler(void)", we put ep0 handler in this entry. · Interrupt handle Once enter ISR, we clear interrupt flag, and check whether it is EP0 interrupt, and jump to ep0 handler if it is. uint32_t usbCommonInterruptMask = SI32_USB_A_read_cmint(SI32_USB_0); uint32_t usbEpInterruptMask = SI32_USB_A_read_ioint(SI32_USB_0); if (usbEpInterruptMask & SI32_USB_A_IOINT_EP0I_MASK) · EP0 Setup Data handle. o First, we need read 8 bytes from EP0 fifo for (uint8_t RequestHeaderByte = 0; RequestHeaderByte < sizeof(USB_Request_Header_t); RequestHeaderByte++) *(RequestHeader++) = Endpoint_Read_8(); o Second, we handler difference request type. The form look likes below 4.3 USB Class special request handler. For CDC class special command handle, we have four commands as we talked before. Here are sample code for reference. CDCInterfaceInfo->State.LineEncoding.BaudRateBPS = Endpoint_Read_32_LE(); CDCInterfaceInfo->State.LineEncoding.CharFormat = Endpoint_Read_8(); CDCInterfaceInfo->State.LineEncoding.ParityType = Endpoint_Read_8(); CDCInterfaceInfo->State.LineEncoding.DataBits = Endpoint_Read_8(); CDCInterfaceInfo->State.ControlLineStates.HostToDevice = USB_ControlRequest.wValue; 4.4 Realize virtual COM port function. For virtual COM port function, we need to received data from USB OUT and send it to UART TX, or receive data from UART RX and send out through USB IN request. We need define two ring buffer to store data for USB2UART and UART2USB. RingBuffer_InitBuffer(&USBtoUSART_Buffer, USBtoUSART_Buffer_Data, sizeof(USBtoUSART_Buffer_Data)); RingBuffer_InitBuffer(&USARTtoUSB_Buffer, USARTtoUSB_Buffer_Data, sizeof(USARTtoUSB_Buffer_Data)); o UART receive data interrupt uint8_t ReceivedByte = uart_get_byte(); if (USB_DeviceState == DEVICE_STATE_Configured) o USB receive data interrupt int16_t ReceivedByte = CDC_Device_ReceiveByte(&VirtualSerial_CDC_Interface); if (!(ReceivedByte < 0)) o Foreground logical control uint16_t BufferCount = RingBuffer_GetCount(&USARTtoUSB_Buffer); if(BufferCount > 0) RingBuffer_Peek(&USARTtoUSB_Buffer)) != ENDPOINT_READYWAIT_NoError) 4.5 Prepare INF file for CDC device. 5. Validate USB CDC function. We are talking about Win7 installation. Build project and download firmware into SiM3U1xx MCU card, plug in USB cable, it will show "SiM3U1xx CDC Class" under "Other devices" in Device Manger, Right click and choose "Update Driver Software" select "Browse my computer for driver software", enter directory path of your CDC_ACM.inf Windows will show below message, just choose install this driver software anyway. After done, it shows below message. Check in Device Manager, you can find new COM port appear in Ports(COM &LPT). And now you can access this COM port with any serial tool. That is to say, We have done with USB CDC driver development. It is quite easy, isn't? 6. Source code We don’t' want to reinvent the wheel, so this USB CDC base on open source project LUFA, in terms of MIT License. Source code can be found in https://github.com/MarkDing/USB_CDC.

<urn:uuid:17c8982c-58f0-46cd-b851-7be457342f44>

CC-MAIN-2018-39

http://markdingst.blogspot.com/2012/12/write-usb-cdc-driver-for-sim3u1xx.html

s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2018-39/segments/1537267156096.0/warc/CC-MAIN-20180919083126-20180919103126-00559.warc.gz

en

This article will soon be available in Spanish! Snakes have a lot more bones than we do, but they have a lot fewer types of bones. Aside from a few boas, pythons, pipesnakes, and blindsnakes with vestigial femurs, most snakes just have a few hundred vertebrae with one pair of ribs each (except in the neck & tail), and a skull. The snake skull is a remarkable structure. Snake skulls are highly kinetic, with a lot more moving parts than our skulls. Human skulls have just one movable part: the temporomandibular joint, which opens and closes your mouth. Snake skulls have many joints and moving parts; they can move the left and right sides of their jaws independently, as well as the outer (maxilla) and inner (palatine+pterygoid) parts of their upper jaws. Many bones that are tightly knit together in the skulls of most animals are loosely connected by stretchy ligaments in snakes, allowing them to stretch their jaws over huge prey (pardon the goofy music in the linked video). Contrary to the popular phrase, snakes cannot actually "unhinge" their jaws (Harry Greene explains this very well in this video). |The right side of the skull of an alethinophidian snake (nose pointing to the right).| Bones with teeth are the maxilla (mx), palatine (pal), pterygoid (pt), and dentary (d). From Cundall & Irish 2008. For a key to all abbreviations, click here. The bones or parts of bones that are shaded are not present in all snake species. Most snakes have teeth on four pairs of bones, two of which are the same as pairs of bones where humans do: the maxilla (most of our upper jaw) and the dentary (our lower jaw). In addition, almost all snakes have teeth on two bones that in humans form part of the roof of the mouth: the palatine and the pterygoid1, which are connected one in front of the other. This means that snakes have two upper jaws on each side: an outer one (the maxilla) and an inner one (the palatine+pterygoid). If a snake has fangs, they are always on the maxilla2. Some snakes, such as pythons, also have teeth on the premaxilla, where we humans have our incisors, although in most snakes the premaxilla is a part of the snout, has no teeth, and does not act as part of the jaws. |The right half of the skull of a snake, looking up from the bottom (nose pointing to the right).| Bones with teeth are the maxilla (mx), palatine (pal), pterygoid (pt), and dentary (d). The premaxilla (pmx) has no teeth. From Cundall & Irish 2008. For a key to all abbreviations, click here.The bones or parts of bones that are shaded are not present in all snake species. |Tooth marks left by a| python bite (upper jaw above, lower jaw below). You can sometimes see this pattern of tooth marks left behind when a non-venomous snake lets go after biting something, and in fact many resources suggest that you can use the tooth pattern to determine3 whether or not a bite has come from a venomous snake (a viper at least, which are responsible for >99% of venomous snakebites in the USA), since most dangerously venomous snakes have different tooth patterns on account of their fangs, and most of their non-fang teeth don't usually come into contact with the target. I mentioned above that fangs are always on the maxilla, and that's because the maxilla is the primary prey-catching bone in the snake skull. As far as we know, fangs evolved only once, as enlarged teeth at the back of the maxilla in the ancestor of all living colubroid snakes about 75 million years ago. In many living species of snakes, this is still the situation, and the vast majority of these are not dangerous to humans (although some can inflict painful bites if allowed to chew for a few minutes, and a few can be deadly). In at least three cases (vipers, elapids, and atractaspidids), the fangs have moved up to the front of the maxilla, through the developmental suppression of the front part of the maxilla (and its teeth) in the snake embryo. I covered this and the evolution of grooved and hollow fangs in more detail in my article about snake fangs. |The right half of the skull of a snake, looking down from the top (nose pointing to the right).| No teeth are visible. From Cundall & Irish 2008. For a key to all abbreviations, click here.The bones or parts of bones that are shaded are not present in all snake species. Roughly the same fang movements are made during striking and swallowing. Supratemporal (st), quadrate (q), mandible (ma), pterygoid (pt), ectopterygoid (ec), palatine (pa), prefrontal (pf), maxilla (mx). From Kardong 1977 |The independent left and right movement| of the upper jaws of a viper. Abbreviations as above. From Kardong 1977. The lower jaws or mandible participate in the process of feeding as well, and unlike in humans they have a loose attachment of the lower jaws to each other at the front of the dentary bones. The dentary bones are connected firmly at the back to the articular bones, which are connected to the quadrate bones at a flexible joint, which are connected to the back of the braincase by the supratemporal bones, also at a somewhat moveable joint. Together with the flexible palato-maxillary apparatus ("upper jaws"), this three-part lower jaw allows snakes to open their mouths very wide, walk their heads over, and consume things that are as big as they are without breaking them into smaller pieces or using their non-existent hands. The quadrate also attaches to the columella, which is the sole inner ear bone in reptiles; thus, the lower jaw also conducts sound to the ear. So there you have it. The snake skull is divided into four functional units: the braincase, the snout, the palato-maxillary apparatus ("upper jaws") and the mandibular apparatus ("lower jaws"), each of which can move independently (well, except for the braincase, which is relatively stationary). The upper jaws are divided into two partially separated structural-functional units, a medial swallowing unit and a lateral prey capture unit, both of which work with the lower jaws to accomplish their tasks. |From Frazzetta 1970. Click for larger size.| A quick note about a special case: one of my favorite snakes, and one of the first I wrote about on this blog, Casarea dussumeri, are often called Round Island boas, although I chose to use the more apt "splitjaw snakes" in my article. As if the usual kinesis of the snake skull isn't enough, these snakes have a maxilla that is uniquely subdivided into two movable parts, called the anterior and posterior maxilla. The anterior maxilla has 10 teeth and the posterior maxilla has 12. It is thought that the divided maxilla evolved through incomplete development, because the maxilla of other snakes forms in two parts before fusing together in the embryo, and the function is thought to be to help Casarea encircle hard, cylindrical prey such as skinks. We still have a lot left to learn about snake skulls. We didn't even cover half of the bones in this article. You don't actually so much find snake skulls as you do carefully prepare them. The individual bones are so small and light and fragile that they tend not to fossilize well, nor can they easily be found among the other bones of a snake's skeleton. Even normal cleaning and preparation methods can damage the fragile bones of tiny snake skulls. Thus, there is much left to discover about how they work! |Skull of Natrix natrix from Andjelković et al. 2017. Mobile connections marked with red dashed arrows and circles.Paired bones are shown in yellow (pa – palatine, pt – pterygoid, ec – ectopterygoid, mx – maxilla, st – supratemporal,q – quadrate, cp – compound bone, d – dentary, pf – prefrontal), unpaired bones are shown in green or grey (pmx – premaxilla, na – nasal, b – braincase, smx – septomaxillae & vomers).| 1 Although the pterygoids are stand-alone bones in the roof of the mouth of many vertebrates, in humans they are called the pterygoid processes of the sphenoid bone because they are fused to the sphenoid bone.↩ 2 There is one very strange snake, Pythonodipsas carinata from Africa, that has an ungrooved fang on the palatine bone. They aren't any studies of their functional morphology so we don't really know exactly how they use their palatine fangs, but they use constriction to subdue their prey.↩ 3 I don't necessarily recommend this, partly because if you've been bitten then it's too late, and partly because it's better just to learn the few venomous snake species that live in your area than it is to try to follow some "rule" that inevitably has exceptions.↩ 4 Atractaspidids have a ball-and-socket joint between the prefrontal (part of the braincase) and the maxilla, which along with a gap, bridged by a ligament, between the pterygoid and palatine, allows them to "strike" with their fang backwards, with a closed mouth, using just the fang on one side, a useful if terrifying adaptation for envenomating prey in underground burrows. A hook-like ridge on the fang increases the size of the wound, presumably enhancing the absorption of venom.↩ Thanks to gibby for the use of their photograph. Albright, R. G. and E. M. Nelson. 1959. Cranial kinetics of the generalized colubrid snake Elaphe obsoleta quadrivittata. I. Descriptive morphology. Journal of Morphology 105:193-239. Albright, R. G. and E. M. Nelson. 1959. Cranial kinetics of the generalized colubrid snake Elaphe obsoleta quadrivittata. II. Functional morphology. Journal of Morphology 105:241-291. Andjelković, M., Tomović, L., & Ivanović, A. 2017. Morphological integration of the kinetic skull in Natrix snakes. Journal of Zoology, 303:188-198 <link> Cundall, D. 1983. Activity of head muscles during feeding by snakes: a comparative study. American Zoologist 23:383-396. Cundall, D. and H. W. Greene. 2000. Feeding in snakes. Pages 293–333 in K. Schwenk, editor. Feeding: Form, Function, and Evolution in Tetrapod Vertebrates. Academic Press, San Diego, CA. Cundall, D. and F. Irish. 2008. The snake skull. Pages 349-692 in C. Gans, A. S. Gaunt, and K. Adler, editors. Biology of the Reptilia. Volume 20, Morphology H. The Skull of Lepidosauria. The University Of Chicago Press, Chicago, Illinois, USA <link> Frazzetta. T. 1970. From hopeful monsters to bolyerine snakes? The American Naturalist 104:55-72 <link> Frazzetta, T. 1971. Notes upon the jaw musculature of the Bolyerine snake, Casarea dussumieri. Journal of Herpetology 5:61-63 Irish, F. and P. Alberch. 1989. Heterochrony in the evolution of bolyeriid snakes. Fortschritte der Zoolologie 35:205. Juckett, G. and J. G. Hancox. 2002. Venomous snakebites in the United States: management review and update. American Family Physician 65:1367-1375 <link> Kardong, K. 1974. Kinesis of the jaw apparatus during the strike in the cottonmouth snake, Agkistrodon piscivorus. Forma et functio 7:327-354. Kardong, K. V. 1977. Kinesis of the jaw apparatus during swallowing in the cottonmouth snake, Agkistrodon piscivorus. Copeia 1977:338-348 <link> Lombard, R. E., H. Marx, and G. B. Rabb. 1986. Morphometrics of the ectopterygoid in advanced snakes (Colubroidea): a concordance of shape and phylogeny. Biological Journal of the Linnean Society 27:133-164 <link> Maisano, J. A. and O. Rieppel. 2007. The skull of the Round Island boa, Casarea dussumieri Schlegel, based on high-resolution X-ray computed tomography. Journal of Morphology 268:371-384 <abstract> Raynaud, A. 1985. Development of Limbs and Embryonic Limb Reduction. Pages 59-148 in C. Gans and F. Billett, editors. Biology of the Reptilia. Volume 15. Development B. John Wiley & Sons, New York <link> Rieppel, O. 2012. “Regressed” Macrostomatan Snakes. Fieldiana Life and Earth Sciences 5:99-103 <link> Life is Short, but Snakes are Long by Andrew M. Durso is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivs 3.0 Unported License.

<urn:uuid:7303ede3-1eab-4442-b8b7-2674b75f82ee>

CC-MAIN-2018-39

http://snakesarelong.blogspot.com/2018/02/basics-of-snake-skulls.html?showComment=1519604903525

s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2018-39/segments/1537267156096.0/warc/CC-MAIN-20180919083126-20180919103126-00559.warc.gz

en

Many people say they live happy and healthy lives when they are involved in meaningful relationships, but it's unclear how people achieve these close and caring relationships, and how such bonds promote well-being. In a new review that experts call a "gigantic contribution" to the field, scientists examined how relationships can encourage or thwart personal thriving. Relationships can help people cope with stress and adversity, and enable them to thrive as they achieve goals and cultivate talents, said Brooke Feeney, an associate professor of social psychology at Carnegie Mellon University in Pittsburgh. [5 Ways Relationships Are Good for Your Health] "I would define a thriving person as someone who is happy, [and] pursuing and progressing toward meaningful life goals," Feeney told Live Science in an email. Thriving people often have purpose and meaning in life, a positive regard for themselves and others, healthy physical and mental health, and deep meaningful human connections, she added. Parents, partners, friends and mentors can help people thrive. The type of support needed, however, varies depending on whether or not the person is facing a setback, such as losing a job or going through a divorce. During times of adversity, a so-called "support provider" can buffer a person against the debilitating effects of stress and also help that person thrive. First, the support provider can offer a safe haven where the person feels sheltered and able to free him or herself of burdens. Once the person feels safe, the support provider can offer fortification, which involves helping to develop the specific strengths and abilities relevant to coping with the adversity, Feeney said. As the setback continues, the support provider can motivate and help the person get up and stay in the game by using strengths to rebuild, problem-solve or cope with the adversity in a positive way, she explained. Finally, the support provider can help the person redefine the adversity as something that isn't threatening, but rather is a catalyst for positive change. For instance, a man may feel undesirable if he goes through an unwanted divorce. His friends can help set up a safe haven and listen to the man's challenges. But they can also remind him that divorce is common and tell him that he's handsome and funny. Redefining the divorce as a positive change may help the individual move forward and meet a new partner, the researchers said. "Together, we refer to this as providing a source of strength (SOS) for thriving through adversity," Feeney said. The study helps reveal when and in what ways close relationships can bring out the best in people, said Eli Finkel, a professor of psychology at Northwestern University in Evanston, Illinois, who was not involved in the study.[6 Scientific Tips for a Successful Marriage] "It adds important insights regarding situations in which people are struggling and look to their loved ones for support," Finkel told Live Science. "But the even larger contribution of this work is that it provides an insightful and compelling analysis of how loved ones can help us in our pursuit of personal growth." Even when setbacks aren't on the horizon, support providers can foster thriving in others. People who act as a "relational catalyst" can embrace opportunities for growth in everyday life, Feeney said. To start, they can encourage the person to leave his or her comfort zone and try new activities or pursue a goal. If a person is concerned by real or imagined difficulties, the support provider can help them focus on the positive aspects and point out that even if an endeavor doesn't work out, its pursuit may provide space for growth. "This also includes assisting the person in recognizing opportunities that might otherwise be missed," Feeney said. The support provider can help the person find an attainable goal and create a strategy to pursue it. Friends who are available, but not overly intrusive, can then celebrate the person's successes, such as getting a degree, or respond in a sensitive way to failures or setbacks, such as not getting a job promotion. Yet these supporters can also overstep their bounds, the researchers said. If they make a person feel weak, needy or inadequate, or even guilty or indebted, it can be hard for the person to thrive. Feeney named a variety of other ways a supporter can demean recipients, such as by making them feel like a burden, discounting their problems or accomplishments, blaming them for their misfortunes, restricting their independence, or taking too much control over the situation. "We suggest that unresponsive and insensitive support behaviors will undermine thriving because they promote either overdependence or under-dependence in relationships," she said. Science of relationships The new study draws on findings from about 400 studies that examined close relationships, including many written by Feeney and her colleague Nancy Collins, a professor in the department of psychological and brain sciences at the University of California, Santa Barbara, over the past 15 years. "It blends their best ideas from that era with a slew of new insights to generate a truly major contribution to the science of relationships and human thriving," Finkel said. The review's framework may provide a foundation for developing relationship-based interventions for families, and training for mentors who work to help others thrive, Feeney said. People can thrive if they have supporters who have their backs in both good times and bad, she said. "Building strong close relationships is a virtual prerequisite for human flourishing," Finkel said. "Whether we're seeking to persevere through adversity or to stretch ourselves in challenging new directions, support from our loved ones is crucial for success." The study was published online Aug. 29 in the journal Personality and Social Psychology Review. Copyright 2014 LiveScience, a TechMediaNetwork company. All rights reserved. This material may not be published, broadcast, rewritten or redistributed.

<urn:uuid:6d6b7bdd-8aa3-47fe-9d9a-bde6e2ccd7d8>

CC-MAIN-2018-39

http://www.foxnews.com/health/2014/09/02/scientific-secret-to-strong-relationships.html

s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2018-39/segments/1537267156096.0/warc/CC-MAIN-20180919083126-20180919103126-00559.warc.gz

en

12. PRESERVATION PROGRAMS Renderings of two street views showing renovated housing units and landscaping. Responding to an increasing interest in our culture and architectural heritage and to a public need for more and better housing, Congress, state legislatures, cities and private groups have created programs and grants to aid preservation, conservation and rehabilitation projects. Agencies of the federal government are committed to full consideration of environmental impacts, including those affecting historic properties, and to coordinated efforts among the departments with state and local authorities, professional and private citizens' groups. Government programs and related private activities which might be helpful to a neighborhood rehabilitation project in Tucson are briefly described below. Further information may be obtained from the sources listed in the directory in Appendix 6. 1. The National Trust for Historic Preservation is a private non-profit organization chartered in 1949 by an Act of Congress to encourage public participation in the preservation of districts, sites, buildings, structures and objects significant in American history and culture. In addition to owning and administering several histric properties, the Trust sponsors conferences and workshops on historic preservation, publishes a monthly newspaper, a quarterly journal and reprints from pertinent articles and speeches. It awards fellowships for advanced training through a grant from the National Endowment for the Arts and Humanities. 2. The Department of the Interior, created in 1849, is concerned with the management, conservation and development of natural resources of the country. The Antiquities Act of 1906, written to protect historic monuments on government property, was the first federal legislation devoted to historic preservation. It was followed in 1916 by an act creating the National Park Service as an agency of the Department of the Interior, and in 1935 by the Historic Sites Act charging the National Park Service with the responsibility to effectuate a national policy of historic preservation. a. The National Register of Historic Places, authorized by the Historic Sites Act and greatly expanded by the Historic Preservation Act of 1966, is an inventory of properties worthy of preservation. In addition to all historical areas in the National Park System and properties eligible for designation as National Historic Landmarks, it now also includes properties of state or local significance nominated by the states and approved by the National Park Service. In addition to the quality of significance in American history, architecture, archeology or culture, an entry should possess integrity of location, design, setting, materials, workmanship, feeling and association. It need not be associated with historically important events nor with the lives of significant persons if it embodies the distinctive characteristics of a type, period, or method of construction, or if it represents a significant and distinguishable entity the components of which may lack individual distinction. b. The Historic American Buildings Survey (HABS), a recording of important examples of American architecture, is conducted in cooperation with the American Institute of Architects and the Library of Congress. The records--photographs, measured drawings, written data--are deposited in the Library of Congress where they are available for inspection and study. Recording by HABS is evidence that a building is worthy of preservation, but it is not a guarantee of protection (half of the 12,000 buildings recorded since 1933 have been destroyed). c. The Grant-in-Aid Program provides funds on a matching basis to be used for statewide surveys, the preparation of statewide historic preservation plans and the acquisition and restoration of individual properties. To qualify for aid, properties must be listed in the National Register, be consistent with a statewide historic preservation plan approved by the Secretary of the Interior, and need financial assistance or be owned by the National Trust. Funds are distributed through the State Liaison Officer. 3. The Department of Housing and Urban Development (HUD) was established in 1965 to administer and coordinate several existing agencies created under various housing acts beginning with the National Housing Act of 1934. Greatly increased by housing and Urban Development Acts almost every year since, HUD programs are directed toward providing all Americans with decent housing in suitable neighborhoods and toward helping urban communities create a healthful environment in which people can live and work. HUD aids may take the form of grants, guarantees, direct loans, morgage and loan insurance, technical and advisory assistance, or training assistance. A few of the programs are listed here; a more complete list and further information may be found in Catalog of HUD Programs (HUD-214-SP)(1971), available at any HUD area or regional office. (Tucson lies within the jurisdiction of the HUD Los Angeles area office and the San Francisco regional office; see Directory in Appendix 6.) a. Grants-in-Aid for historic preservation may be made to qualify public bodies for up to two-thirds of the cost of surveys and up to 50 percent of the cost of acquiring, restoring and improving sites, structures, or areas of historic or architectural significance in urban areas in accord with comprehensive local planning. Priority will be given to projects that exhibit vital, adaptive uses that serve the community such as cultural centers, educational and day care facilities, health units and senior citizen centers. The grants have ranged from $10,000 to $100,000. The Model Cities program, authorized by the Demonstration Cities and Metropolitan Development Act of 1966, was designed to rebuild entire urban areas by combining new innovations by the participating communities with the wide array of existing federal and local programs for a coordinated attack on blight. To qualify for aid, areas must be considered substandard according to federal guidelines. Historic preservation planning and restoration may be considered an integral part of the program. The Urban Renewal program was established by the Housing Act of 1954 to eliminate or halt urban blight, deterioration and obsolescence and to replace them with new or improved land uses. Besides grants and technical assistance for land acquisition, clearing and rebuilding, the program now encompasses new conservation and rehabilitation measures. These are designed to protect the qualities of older but essentially sound districts, and to repair structures to conform to decent standards. The programs supports historic surveys and preservation planning as well. Rehabilitation Grants up to $3,500 may be made to qualifying low-income owner-occupants of properties in federally assisted urban renewal areas to bring them up to public standards for decent, safe and sanitary housing. Other grants are available for demonstration projects to arrest the process of housing abandonment; for programs of concentrated code enforcement; for demolishing unsound structures; for interim assistance before planned urban renewal can be begun; for neighborhood development in urban renewal areas; for relocation of residents; for multipurpose neighborhood facilities; for the acquisition and development of open space; and many others. Rehabilitation Loans are available which allow owners to repair and improve buildings in qualifying areas. Residential property loans are up to 20 years and $12,000 at three percent interest and with limited exceptions are restricted to low-income applications. Nonprofit organizations, cooperatives, and limited-profit sponsors providing Senior Citizen Housing may qualify for direct federal, three percent, 50-year loans, covering 100 percent of development costs including costs of land and site improvements, construction, built-in equipment, and architectural, legal, advisory and other fees. Rent Supplement payments are made to owners of certain private housing projects. The payment amounts to the difference between 25 percent of the tenant's income and the fair market rental for the unit he occupies. Interest Supplements on mortgages insured by the Federal Housing Administration are paid to mortgagees to enable low-income families to buy a house or to reduce rentals to a level they can afford. The payment can cover up to the difference between the payment required on a market interest rate mortgage and that required if the mortgage bore interest at one percent. The Department of Transportation, created in 1966, is concerned with ways to provide maximum transportation efficiency and convenience and, at the same time, to reflect appropriate concern for the impact of that transportation system on the physical environment. Within the Department, the Office of Environment and Urban Systems was established to carry out the tenets of Section 4(f) of the Department of Transportation Act of 1968 and the Federal Aid Highway Act of the same year, prohibiting, among other things, the use of recognized historic sites for transportation projects unless no feasible or prudent alternative exists. The National Environmental Policy Act of 1969 requires an environmental statement for major federal actions significantly affecting the quality of the human environment. The impact statement must consider various alternatives to any proposed project, including the alternative of not building the project at all, and it must be available to the public at least 15 days prior to any public hearing. Highway proposals require two hearings, first on the location, and second on the design, to give citizens additional access to the transportation decision-making process. In addition, federal funds may be withheld from highway construction which unfavorably affects a historic site or district which is listed in the National Register of Historic Places. Adverse effects include (a) destruction or alteration of all or part of a property, (b) isolation from or alteration of its surrounding environment, (c) or introduction of visual, audible, or atmospheric elements that are out of character with the property and its setting. The Department of Health, Education and Welfare, created in 1953 and concerned with all forms of public health and welfare including social service, offers through its Office of Education assistance to preservation-related studies. The Advisory Council on Historic Preservation, established by the Historic Preservation Act of 1966, advises the President and Congress on matters relating to historic preservation. The Council recommends courses of action when National Register properties are threatened by federal highways, dams and other projects. The American Institute of Architects, a national professional organization chartered in 1857, maintains a Historic Resources Committee which sponsors educational workshops. It is currently exploring the feasibility of a major demonstration projects involving preservation in an old area which will involve other organizations such as the private foundations, preservation organizations and government agencies. The Arizona State Parks Board, created by the Governer in 1957, is responsible for the coordination of preservation activities in Arizona. Its director acts as State Liaison Officer with the National Park Service, channeling applications for the National Register and for federal grants in historic preservation. The Historic Sites Preservation Officer oversees statewide historic site surveys and the publication of a monthly bulletin. In response to a request from the National Park Service, the Board has prepared an interim plan outlining the state's preservation objectives. The Arizona Historical Advisory Commission advises the Governer on preservation matters and, through a seven-member sub-committee, acts as the state-level review body requested by the National Park Service. In accordance with the recommendations of a Special Committe on Historic Preservation, the Commission plans to present to the Governor a request for an Arizona Register of Historical Places which would be coordinated with the National Register but would also include such properties as churches and cemetaries. The Arizona Historical Society, founded by pioneers in 1884, and later authorized by the state legislature, receives both state and private funding. It houses a museum, library and publication facilities and provides professional advisory services, loan exhibits and film presentations. The library contains many early photographs and personal collections, the largest collection of Arizona newspapers extant, and is a valuable source of related research material. The Urban Renewal Division, through locally planned and executed improvement programs, deals with problems of industrial growth, poor housing, traffic congestion, and decay of downtown areas and neighborhood deterioration. Two programs are in execution, assisted by federal funds: (1) the Pueblo Center Development, and (2) the University Neighborhood Project. In addition, funds are reserved for the Holladay and Manzo Neighborhood Developments, both rehabilitation projects. The Division is currently preparing an application for survey and planning funds for the Barrio Historico District, a preliminary step in securing federal funds for a neighborhood development project. The Building Inspections Division supervises the enforcement of housing codes and the zoning ordinance, issues permits for new construction and modification of existing buildings, and checks existing buildings in an attempt to eliminate unsafe structures and to encourage renovation. The Administrative Services Division acts as the administrative office for the department. It assists in the preparation of applications for urban renewal, code enforcement programs and other related forms of federal financial assistance. The Planning and Zoning Division, a professional staff, is concerned with appropriate land uses, zoning administration, long-range comprehensive planning, federally assisted projects and housing development. It has prepared a plan for preservation and development of Tucson's historic districts and an ordinance for establishing historic zones, which provides for orderly development of future buildings within an existing framework. The Tucson Model Cities program was developed in response to federal concern over the crisis of the inner city. Its goal is to transform and regenerate blighted neighborhoods in the depressed areas by enlisting the aid and advice of the residents in a coordinated effort at innovative solutions. Private investments and city funds are supplemented by federal grants to develop housing, educational, health, and social services, environmental protection and crime prevention. The City of Tucson Planning and Zoning Commission is a nine-member advisory group of citizens appointed by the Mayor and Council to serve as a guide to the governing body in reaching decisions relating to the pattern of land use in Tucson. Working closely with the Planning and Zoning Division and with the Pima County Planning Department, the Commission studies programs of public improvements, master planning, neighborhood planning, open space, commercial and industrial land use, transportation, housing, zoning and other features of the future physical and economic development of the community. The Historical Committee of the City of Tucson, authorized by amendment to the Tucson Code (Chapter 10), is composed of 18 members appointed by the Mayor and Council to confer with and advise them on matters relating to the existing historic structures, sites, areas and districts in the community and to recommend which of these should be designated as historic and what changes should be made to encourage and create historic character in the area. The Tucson Historic Sites Committee under the auspices of the Arizona Historical Society is involved in determining which local sites are of historic interest. In 1969 it published a report, "Tucson Historic Sites," describing the sites selected at that time. The Tucson Heritage Foundation was organized in 1964 by a group of citizens recognizing the need for an organization to purchase, restore and administer historic sites. Their efforts resulted in the retention and restoration of the Carrillo-Fremont House within the new Community Center complex. The house has been donated to the Arizona Historical Society. The Junior League of Tucson, Inc., a women's volunteer service organization, maintains a continuous picture of the community's needs through its Community Research Committee, initiates pilot programs aimed at training its members in active voluntary participation in community affairs and finances its projects with several fund-raising activities. Junior Leagues have been active in historic preservation throughout the country (in Savannah the revolving fund was initiated with money raised by the League). The Tucson League is currently cooperating with the Tucson Art Center in research work on the Center's historic properties. Los Tucsonenses, a group of Mexican-American citizens, is dedicated to bringing their culture and heritage to the attention of the rest of the community. El Tiradito (the Wishing Shrine) Committee, a subgroup, initiated the nomination of the Shrine to the National Register, which was accepted in November, 1971. In addition to the wide range of government programs and private citizens' organizations aiding historic preservation rehabilitation, there are a number of procedures that have been implemented successfully elsewhere to make it economically feasible; they might well be adapted to a local situation. Revolving Funds have been used to help preserve historic districts in Charleston, Savannah, and Pittsburgh. The fund, administered by a non-profit civic group, may be used to buy property and initiate restoration; the property is resold with a restrictive covenant on the deed, or it may be rented, and the proceeds are returned to the revolving fund. In Tucson, a similar fund is being set up with a $50,000 HUD grant under the Model Cities program. It will be administered by a board of directors consisting of one representative from each of the 12 Model Cities units, 12 members selected from the business community including financial, construction and real estate circles, and 12 residents of the neighborhoods who are not already connected with the Model Cities structure. The fund will be available for loans to qualifying non-profit sponsors of housing developments. The banking of development rights may also be administered by a revolving fund. Buildings in historic districts often do not use their full allotment of space under the zoning code. For example, a one-story building may occupy an area where a multi-story building is permitted. The unused allowable building space, called excess development rights, becomes reus. The banking of development rights may also be administered by a revolving fund. Buildings in historic districts often do not use their full allotment of space under the zoning code. For example, a one-story building may occupy an area where a multi-story building is permitted. The unused allowable building space, called excess development rights, becomes reusable and may be sold to owners of properties in designated nearby high density areas. While the city's overall density is not increased (since development of the same amount of space is already premitted), the city gains a greater tax revenue from the increased development, and the established character of the historic district is maintained. The procedure was developed in New York, and the feasibility of its use in other areas of the country is being studied in depth under the auspices of the National Trust with an $75,000 grant from HUD. The owner retains the use of the interior of the building, and the historical character of the exterior is controlled. Tucson has accepted gifts of easements and deeds of rights of way in similar transactions, but has not yet used the method to safeguard historic buildings. Another form of tax abatement is available under a federal program in which qualifying private investors and developers of low and moderate income housing may be allowed double depreciation on the property. Rents and the rate of return on the investment are controlled within a fixed percentage based on local conditions. Tax Abatement measures to aid in historic preservation have been devised and enacted both in Puerto Rico and in Maryland. In Puerto Rico, owners who fully renovate historic structures are permitted a full 10 years of freedom from property taxes on the structures, or five years in the case of partial renovations (or rehabilitations). Maryland allows the owner of a historic building to pay taxes only on that fraction of the lot actually occupied by the building. To encourage restoration by private owners and to offset the high cost, a tax rebate based on a percent of the restoration costs may be given. In California, a proposed ordinance will permit a reduced assessed valuation rate for historic properties. Arizona needs legislation to permit this sort of tax relief.

<urn:uuid:c0d9d53e-b5ff-498b-bd1b-c35e71b574f9>

CC-MAIN-2018-39

http://www.library.arizona.edu/exhibits/swetc/barr/body.1_div.12.html

s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2018-39/segments/1537267156096.0/warc/CC-MAIN-20180919083126-20180919103126-00559.warc.gz

en

The Wicked Mate. The Antarctic Diary of Victor Campbell Ed. by HRG King The British Antarctic Expedition 1910-13 and its aftermath dominates the history books. There is, however, like 'The Worst Journey in the World' a tale of courage and determination that remains largely untold and forgotten. In 1910 Scott in his infinite wisdom sent six men to explore King Edward VII Land (The Northern Party). This was under the command of Victor Campbell. His exploration took him and his party to Cape Adare and then to pick up the relief ship at Inexpressible Island. The ship failed to rescue them and left them marooned without shelter and little food. They overwintered in a cave and then walked 230 miles back to Cape Evans. They were in a sorry state but alive and this is their tale. Read it! Recently published by Bluntisham books. A general view of the southern continent extensive coverage of the geography and science with a token jesture chapter covering exploration. Does have some good photographs. Published Blanford Press in 1969

<urn:uuid:e7ad1412-9100-4a91-8513-281ea7989af0>

CC-MAIN-2018-39

http://www.scelder.org.uk/king.html

s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2018-39/segments/1537267156096.0/warc/CC-MAIN-20180919083126-20180919103126-00559.warc.gz

en

OVERVIEW OF LABOUR STATISTICS This publication provides a comprehensive account of the concepts and definitions underpinning Australian labour statistics, and the data sources and methods used to compile them. It explains:What the statistics measure;How they can be used;How they relate to other economic series;How they are produced;Where they are published; andWhy they are subject to varying degrees of accuracy and reliability.It is designed to assist users in their understanding of Australian labour statistics, and thereby allow better analyses and interpretations of the resulting data. WHAT ARE LABOUR STATISTICS? Labour statistics are some of Australia’s key economic statistics. Labour is the aggregate of all human physical and mental effort used in the creation of goods and services. Labour statistics are, put simply, about people, their participation in the labour force, their success in finding employment, their earnings and other benefits, their type of work, their working hours and conditions.

<urn:uuid:56a29ce6-f277-4bfc-8665-dae1153d0efd>

CC-MAIN-2018-39

https://forexforum.asia/economic-news

s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2018-39/segments/1537267156096.0/warc/CC-MAIN-20180919083126-20180919103126-00559.warc.gz

en

Forged iron was used by Spanish in Europe long before their arrival to Americas. Once they did they introduced hacienda style while building their colonial residences, churches and public office buildings. Forged iron lights including wall sconces, ceiling chandeliers and table lamps were big part of the style which was based too the large degree on fifteenth century European designs. Letter Spanish architecture of Mexico and the rest of Latin America involved and become unique in its own. Houses build during that period were large haciendas and they still have a big influence on modern architecture today. Often, contemporary homes have injected Spanish colonial style in their decor mainly by using rustic cantera stone and forged iron hacienda lighting fixtures.

<urn:uuid:74a0eb0e-e602-41be-ade6-45d92744e064>

CC-MAIN-2018-39

https://forgedironblog.wordpress.com/2017/05/06/hacienda-style-lighting/

s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2018-39/segments/1537267156096.0/warc/CC-MAIN-20180919083126-20180919103126-00559.warc.gz

en

Researchers at The Scripps Research Institute revealed that healthy seniors’ immune system may hold the secret against cancer. The researchers suggest that elderly people who are older that 80 years of age were most likely to have defeated cancer in their lifetime due to the capacity of their immune system to build efficient antibodies to neutralize cancer cells before developing the disease. To unravel the ‘wellderly’ secrets as healthy adults aged 80-plus are known, the research team started to screen their DNA retrieved from blood samples, which included all the cells present in their blood, such as white blood cells. The data allowed the team to identify a signature of a successful immune system battle against past cancer cells. The team focused on triple negative breast cancer and observed that when exposed to the “immune library” generated from blood samples of wellderly, a protein within triple negative breast cancer cells was recognized by a specific antibody within the wellderly collection. Since the protein recognized was part of cancer signaling pathway, “This could be a driving pathway in this aggressive cancer, an indicator of where to look for therapeutic targets,” noted the study’s lead author, Dr. Brunhilde Felding, associate professor at the Department of Chemical Physiology, The Scripps Research Institute. The team hypothesized that, just as it happens during a pathogenic infection when the immune system can generate antibodies to neutralize the infectious agent and build memory cells ready to attack in case of re-infection, the same could apply to anti-cancer therapeutics. As Felding noted in a press release, “If there were aberrant cells at some point in a person’s body, but a noticeable cancer never developed, the immune system likely coped with those stray cells, and the antibody memory would still be there years later. Finding an effective therapy for these types of breast cancers is one of our main goals in cancer research.” Specifically, the team discovered that the protein recognized by wellderly antibodies was Apolipoprotein E, or ApoE, suggesting that antibodies against ApoE may hold a promise as a targeted therapy against certain highly-expressing ApoE cancers. “Overall, the concept of exploring the immune system is very promising. The fact that the wellderly blood donors are in their 80s means that their immune memories are very rich,” added Felding.

<urn:uuid:840f43b9-c352-4cf1-8c66-84251048ab93>

CC-MAIN-2018-39

https://immuno-oncologynews.com/2015/04/21/healthy-seniors-antibodies-may-hold-promise-developing-new-anti-cancer-therapies/

s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2018-39/segments/1537267156096.0/warc/CC-MAIN-20180919083126-20180919103126-00559.warc.gz

en

Population Ecology of the Riparian Frog Eleutherodactylus cuneatus in Cuba MetadataShow full item record A population of the poorly known riparian frog Eleutherodactylus cuneatus was studied for 1 yr along a mountain stream in eastern Cuba. We examined population structure, seasonal and daily activity, growth, and habitat use using mark-recapture and call-point counts. Juveniles were observed during all survey periods with a spike in March. Higher numbers of adults were present in May-July, associated with longer day length, warmer temperatures, and the onset of the rainy season. This was coincident with higher calling activity away from the stream, suggesting an increase in both reproductive and nonreproductive activity in the warmer months between May and September. The number of individuals peaked at 2000-2200 h, but high numbers of individuals were visible throughout the night. Lower activity levels were observed throughout the day. Population size estimates were 84-131 adults and 124-304 juveniles, with averages of 110 and 236 individuals, survival rates were high but capture probabilities were low for a 5-d period in March 2004. Growth rate was negatively related to the size of recaptured individuals, although decreases in growth rate were slight. Frogs were found either in the water (49.7%), or in the banks and on the ground adjacent to the stream where most individuals were found on the ground under the cover of rocks, leaf litter, or large palm fronds. These results provide baseline knowledge of E. cuneatus population dynamics and ecology needed for a rapid detection of any decline this population may undergo in the future. Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified

<urn:uuid:0bfc0d84-9ad8-4fa1-80ed-ace3eed1be91>

CC-MAIN-2018-39

https://research-repository.griffith.edu.au/handle/10072/37469

s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2018-39/segments/1537267156096.0/warc/CC-MAIN-20180919083126-20180919103126-00559.warc.gz

en

Welcome to the beginning of a series of writings I’ve been working on about Canada’s Prime Ministers. They’re a motley bunch: a bundle of worthless cakers, imperialists, and scumbags with a handful of clever, decent people who made the critical mistake of believing in making Canada a better place. John George Diefenbaker is of the latter class, though you wouldn’t know it to hear cakers scream about how the man who ensured universal franchise, eliminated the anti-Semitism of the Bank of Canada in the ballsiest way possible, and established the legal precedent for the Charter of Rights and Freedoms eliminated the Avro Arrow, a white elephant of a war project that epitomizes the jingoism that defines but one facet of caker revisionism. Let us now set the record straight on a worthy candidate for leadership of an unworthy people – John “the Chief” Diefenbaker. Diefenbaker was born on 18 September, 1895 in the tiny town of Neustadt, Ontario. In 1903, the Diefenbakers moved to Saskatchewan, giving Diefenbaker a much-needed chance to see the massive gulf in living standards between WASPish caker-nobility and the rest of the people of Canada. In his memoirs, titled “One Canada”, he wrote that this experience of Western Canada inspired his later concern for a singular, equal, uniquely Canadian identity. Which may explain why he nominated James Gladstone, the first Indigenous Senator and Ellen Fairclough, Canada’s first female Cabinet Minister. And that’s not mentioning the first Jewish head of the Bank of Canada (Louis Rasminsky). If Canada was as in love with the notion of inclusivity that it claims to be you’d think that Diefenbaker would be a national hero. Diefenbaker’s equalizing streak doesn’t end with a few appointments. Diefenbaker not only completed Canada’s universal franchise (in 1960 – Canada has allowed Indigenous people to vote for less than half of its actual history), but the 1962 election was also the first one in which Inuit ballots were taken seriously. It’s hard to overstate how important Diefenbaker’s regime was in terms of actually moving Canada towards the mythological tolerant cakerstan that Canada pretends exists in this hellish country today. Speaking of caker revision made possible by a forgotten hero, the Charter of Rights and Freedoms had its origins in the Canadian Bill of Rights. For whatever weaknesses the Bill had it was at least a conscious step towards a codification of Canadian rights and a well-intentioned attempt at making this heap a better place. As is the case with many of Canada’s good political ideas the concept of a Bill of Rights came from the Prairies back when they were populated by immigrants rather than their cakerized descendents. Saskatchewan’s Bill of Rights, written in 1947, was deeply important to Diefenbaker. Indeed, Dief’s Bill of Rights had a provision of property rights that the Charter forgot; because of this the Bill of Rights, frequently revised by grumpy cakers as to be ineffectual and pointless is in fact regularly cited today in legal cases. And with that established, allow me now to get through the idiotic revisionism that is the Avro Arrow. Really, the fact that disputing the mythological fighter jet that wasn’t has to take up so much of my piece on Diefenbaker is a pain in the ass. There’s a lot to the Chief that I’m skirting over to make sure that this fits in the rough word count I try to stick to. Frankly, the Avro Arrow was a white elephant of a project that is falsely used to undermine the Prime Minister who made arguably the greatest strides towards realizing the caker mythology of inclusiveness of any Prime Minister in…well, in ever. By the time the project was in the air, the Avro Arrow was obsolete. Despite this caker business tried its best to use nationalism and the fear of “ruining the industry” to try and force Diefenbaker’s hand into maintaining the project despite its obsolescence…and he refused. You know, like cakers desperately wish Ottawa would do with Bombardier? Do you really want your monies going towards garbage caker businesses that produce obsolete, shitty equipment? No? You pretty much agreed with Diefenbaker. He stood up to caker business and tried to make Canada a more honest place, and for his efforts he gets shit on. That’s cakers for you!

<urn:uuid:c7059102-676b-4048-82c8-71cd00438509>

CC-MAIN-2018-39

https://shitaboutcanada.com/2015/04/06/41-starve-the-soul-feed-the-ego-part-one-john-george-diefenbaker/

s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2018-39/segments/1537267156096.0/warc/CC-MAIN-20180919083126-20180919103126-00559.warc.gz

en

We take the month of October to remember those who have suffered and those who continue to suffer from a very real and very cruel form of violence, domestic violence. I wish we lived in a world where there was no need for resources pertaining to any form of violence or abuse. But for now, resources like these are critical to the work we're all doing to prevent and ultimately end domestic and sexual violence. I hope the books, studies, and guides held in the NSVRC Library will be of use to those bravely working to end this and all forms of violence. Runaway Wives and Rogue Feminists: The Origins of the Women's Shelter Movement in Canada by Margo Goodhand The recently released Runaway Wives and Rogue Feminists: The Origins of the Women’s Shelter Movement in Canada by Margo Goodhand, highlights the subject of violence against women. In the 60s and 70s it was a widespread issue and yet women had few, if any options to escape their abusers. In 1973 with no money and very little public support, five groups of Canadian women quietly opened Canada’s first battered women’s shelter. Today there are over 600. Margo Goodhand tracks down the original feminists whose work created an underground railway for women and children. These women brought about changes in government, schools, courts, and law enforcement. Forty years later, these original women reflect on how Canada is now losing its ground in the battle for women’s rights. Serving-Male Identified Survivors of Intimate Partner Violence by Eric Stiles, Ivonne Ortiz, and Casey Keene Serving-Male Identified Survivors of Intimate Partner Violence by Eric Stiles, Ivonne Ortiz, and Casey Keene is a guide that supports advocates seeking to build capacity to recognize and respond to survivors across the gender spectrum, in a way that helps folks understand the root causes of violence and oppression. The guide also offers guidance for responding to the needs of male-identified victims. The guide also provides tools for outreach to males, gender inclusive service provision, building collaboration, and enhancing organizational policies. The guide is meant to be a resource for enhancing dialogue and supporting inclusive services for all victims and survivors seeking safety and healing. It can also be accessed through VAWnet. Everyday Magic: 16 Ways Adults Can Support Children Exposed to Violence and Trauma by Emily Bowen Studies suggest that by age 17, over one-third of children in the United States have been exposed to domestic violence. Everyday Magic: 16 Ways Adults Can Support Children Exposed to Violence and Trauma offers ways adults can support children exposed to violence and trauma, in order to help them heal and grow. The recommendations provided in the policy brief are for advocates, educators, and health care providers. The document can also be found through Futures Without Violence. These are just a small number of the wonderful resources the NSVRC Library has to offer. I can’t encourage everyone enough to check out the collection. As I mentioned, I wish we didn't have a need for these resources to exist and hopefully one day that will be the case. For now we have many wonderful individuals working to create a world free from violence and working to help others. We recognize this month as Domestic Violence Awareness Month, but my hope is that we don’t forget those who have, are, and may suffer from this form of violence in the future. We cannot stop working or lose hope in creating a better future. As always, I wish you all a wonderful day and happy reading!

<urn:uuid:bcf2f6cf-2d95-49b9-8a57-aa10b8192627>

CC-MAIN-2018-39

https://www.nsvrc.org/blogs/library/working-towards-stronger-future

s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2018-39/segments/1537267156096.0/warc/CC-MAIN-20180919083126-20180919103126-00559.warc.gz

en

Describe the evolution of the field of industrial/organizational psychology. The area of Industrial and organizational psychology was created in the eighteen-hundreds out of experimental psychology (Spector, 2012). The creators of Industrial and organizational psychology were Walter-Dill Scott, Hugo Munsterberg, and also James Mckeen Cattel. These three creators of Industrial and Organizational psychology brought both the findings as well as the application of mental ethics into the area of businesses. When industrial and organizational psychology first started the aim was to enhance businesses organizational efficiency and productivity, mostly by employing psychology with an importance on specific dissimilarities, throughout ones selection and also their training. Throughout the earlier years of this type of psychology its main emphasis was on the industrial side (Spector, 2012). Within this time frame there was a joining in the area of industrial psychology linking both the field of engineering and the principles of psychology. Most of the people that helped with this area had some sort of background in the industry, some of these individuals also had a history in the law as well (Spector, 2012). The main purpose of industrial psychology would be to understand ones’ behavior in order to improve the selection of new employees and their training. The main purpose of organizational psychology would be to better understand ones’ behavior in order to better the satisfaction of employees as well as their well-being within the corporation. Explain why industrial/organizational psychology should be considered a science. Include an explanation of how descriptive and inferential statistics are used in I/O research. Most Industrial and Organizational psychologists do several different positions in a wide variety of situations (Spector, 2012). Those psychologists whom concentrate on industrial and organizational psychology are generally separated between both... References: Spector, P.E. (2012). Industrial and Organizational Psychology (6th Edition), Hoboken, N.J.: Wiley Please join StudyMode to read the full document

<urn:uuid:bbfceba5-4ff2-4d53-a0e6-06dd17677b6e>

CC-MAIN-2018-39

https://www.studymode.com/essays/Inustrial-Organizational-Psychology-Worksheet-45167182.html

s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2018-39/segments/1537267156096.0/warc/CC-MAIN-20180919083126-20180919103126-00559.warc.gz

en

“Propaganda, to be effective, must be believed. To be believed, it must be credible. To be credible, it must be true.”* But what happens if the facts are skewed, estimated, or simply not true? Though still labeled “propaganda,” it transforms into something far more corrupting: an excuse for your friends to believe lies and for your enemies to ignore the truth. That’s what we have with The Story of Stuff, an animated explanation of how America’s rampant consumerism is destroying the planet. This video, which has been labeled “cautionary” and “anticapitalist,” is purportedly all the rage with American teachers seeking current, entertaining resources to supplement their curriculum. I’ve watched it twice and read through some of the supporting materials on the site. My conclusion: It’s a great, lost opportunity. (And, I hope all those teachers accompany the showing with a straight-talk discussion.) The themes and lessons presented by narrator Annie Leonard are deeply sobering, and preach a dire lesson about the true cost—in damage to the environment, public health, and human life—of our overconsumption. Tragically, some of the most shocking points—those that make you think “surely that can’t be true!”—turn out to be imprecisely presented. Here are a few: - Extraction is defined as “a fancy word for trashing the planet.” This means every industry that exploits (i.e., “uses”) natural resources for their product—from sea salt to blood diamonds—is a global vandal? No more paper for you. - “More than 50% of our federal tax money is now going to the military.” This estimate includes NASA, veterans benefits, military-related spending by other depts. (e.g., State, Energy, Homeland Security), 80% of the interest on the national debt, and an extra $162 billion to offset the government’s “misleading” 2009 cost estimates. - “In the United States, we have less than 4% of our original forests left.” Her source phrases it more clearly: “95–98% of forests in the continental United States have been logged at least once since settlement by Europeans.” So we still have more than 4% of our original forestland, but most of it has been logged since the mid-1600s. - “The food at the top of the food chain with the highest levels of many toxic contaminants [is] human breast milk.” A shocking fact, but apparently not as bad as it sounds because she then says, “Now breastfeeding is still best and mothers should definitely keep breastfeeding.” The simplest way to reconcile these opposing concepts is to discount one of them. - While discussing consumer shopping habits, and showing a person surrounded with goods they purchased, she says “99 percent of the stuff we run through this system is trashed within 6 months.” Despite the context and visuals, her footnote defines the word “stuff” here as the “upstream waste created in the extraction, production, packaging, transportation and selling of all the stuff you bought.” Consumers don’t actually throw away 99 percent of their purchases within six months. - “Our national happiness peaked sometime in the 1950s, the same time as this consumption mania exploded. Hmmm. Interesting coincidence.” Her suggestion comes across as a post hoc fallacy because she avoids labeling consumption mania as a contributing factor to national unhappiness—along with other possible factors such as television viewing, pornography, recreational drug use, irreligiousness, etc. (choose your scapegoat). The great tragedy here—and the reason this video irritates instead of motivates—is that her core facts don’t need embellishment. They’re appalling all on their own. But this sort of glossy simplification not only props up eco-evangelists with precarious arguments, it gives unbelievers an excuse to disregard the entire message, to everyone’s loss. Ian Smith blogs for Gemstone Media, located in Boise, Idaho. * Quote by Hubert H. Humphrey.

<urn:uuid:256e7984-7dd2-460f-b208-337ea5296cfd>

CC-MAIN-2018-39

http://gemstonemedia.net/propaganda-101-keep-it-accurate/

s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2018-39/segments/1537267156513.14/warc/CC-MAIN-20180920140359-20180920160759-00159.warc.gz

en

Lung cancer can’t be recognized at the beginning because it doesn’t manifest any particular symptoms. About 40% of the patients have been diagnosed when the disease has progressed in the 3-rd stage. The early stage of lung cancer cannot be seen with the chest x-rays. CT scans are the most effective for diagnosing lung cancer. All the people that are between 55 and 80 years of age, and all the active smokers should implement this test, in order to be safe from the lung cancer diagnosis. Here are 7 early signs of lung cancer, that you should know in order to prevent it or to be prepared for the upcoming fight: If you notice some whistling or wheezing sounds while breathing normally, you should go to visit your doctor as soon as possible. These sounds could be result of numerous medical conditions which are benign and that can be healed. Also these sounds can be a sign of obstructed or inflamed airways. Shortness of Breath This lung cancer symptom could be result of obstructing or narrowing of the airways, or stored fluid in the chest because of lung tumor. So when you notice that you are lacking breath while you’re finishing some easy tasks that you haven’t got problems finishing them before, you need to visit your doctor as soon as possible, Don’t delay it. Pain in the Chest, Back or Shoulders Pain in the chest area could be caused by metastasis or aggravation of the lymph nodes or the ribs. You should go and visit your doctor. The chronic cough can be a sign of lung cancer. You need to know that if the cough stops in 2-3 weeks, it has been only an ordinary cough that is tcaused by cold or respiratory infection. But if you are coughing out mucus, don’t delay your visit to a doctor,in order to do the necessary tests on your lungs and chest, including x-rays. There can be some changes in the cough like: coughing up blood or extra mucus and frequent coughing with hoarse and deeper sound. If you notice that someone else is experiencing these symptoms, advise him to visit his doctor as soon as possible. The patient can experience headaches if the lung cancer is expand to the brain. But you should know that not every headache is related with the brain metastases. Sometimes, the lung tumor applies pressure on the main vein which is transporting the blood from the upper part of the heart. If you are suffering from excess pain in the bones or any other part of your body, that is a sign that you are affected by some health conditions. That means that you should visit your doctor as soon as possible. The cancer cells are draining our body’s energy that was generated thanks to the consumed food. This results with noticeable and rapid weight loss.

<urn:uuid:d3fd30b8-8f0c-49bc-b26c-83c2a3f02fdb>

CC-MAIN-2018-39

http://healthyhousetips.com/pay-attention-7-early-signs-lung-cancer/

s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2018-39/segments/1537267156513.14/warc/CC-MAIN-20180920140359-20180920160759-00159.warc.gz

en

Give us a call and we will write annotated bibliography for you yes, it's that easy – you tell us what exactly you need and we write a customized work. Bibme free bibliography & citation maker - mla, apa, chicago, harvard. This handout provides information about annotated bibliographies in mla notice that the bibliographic information above is proper mla format (use whatever style. [select 720p for sharper images] learn how to create an annotated bibliography we'll also talk about how to document online sources i believe the format. Citing sources prepare an annotated bibliography citing sources: prepare an annotated bibliography for more information on mla style. Here's an example of an entry from an annotated bibliography, with the citation of the book in turabian style and a brief description of the book. Should i double-space between paragraphs in my annotated bibliography in an annotated bibliography, the annotations should generally be no more than one paragraph. Mla annotated bibliography (orlov) anna orlov marginal annotations indicate mla-style formattingand effective writing the bibliography annotations are. This guides provides tips for creating an annotated bibliography and includes a sample bibliography sample mla style bibliography voter apathy: an annotated. This handout provides information about annotated bibliographies in mla, apa, and cms. Get more sample annotated bibliography mla when you click here check the quality and contact us if you need any assistance. Need someone to write your annotated bibliography for you edubirdie is just what you were looking for our professional writers can do your custom bibliography. Formatting mla annotated bibliography category education license standard youtube license show more show less comments are disabled for this video. What this handout is about this handout will explain why annotated bibliographies are citation style (mla annotated bibliography entries in mla. Mla annotated bibliography (orlov) an annotated bibliography adams in mla style, each entry begins at the left margin. 🌟mla format annotated bibliography: how it should look like and key elements that you need to include find out more about perfect content bibliography. Mla (7th edition) sample bibliography citations should be double-spaced here they are not, due to space limitations book with 1 author: author last name, first name. What is the mla style the modern language association (mla) set guidelines for writing research papers and annotated bibliographies this style is for history and.

<urn:uuid:011e5077-b74b-49c8-882e-aa4a7764c17b>

CC-MAIN-2018-39

http://wnessayfkpm.refleksija.me/mla-style-annotated-bibliography.html

s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2018-39/segments/1537267156513.14/warc/CC-MAIN-20180920140359-20180920160759-00159.warc.gz

en

One of the very earliest, simple strategies children learn when they are beginning to add and subtract is to 'count on and back' from a given number. When they are adding, this is a step on from having to count all of the items in both sets. For subtraction, it is a simple way to begin to move away from always needing the concrete objects in front of them (although I definitely make sure the concrete manipulatives are still there to be used - kids need lots and lots of experience with them in order to internalise what they are actually doing when they add and subtract using numerals). So - while this is not a substitute for lots of hands on practice with concrete objects that they are adding together and taking away from, I've found that using fist numbers gives children an easily accessible way to solve simple addition and subtraction problems. Use along side of lots of concrete practice, I've found it can help get kids excited about their ability to 'do math'. Here's what we do: If we are solving the following sum: 5 + 1 = , we would put the number '5' in our fist (i.e., make a fist and say 'five'), then put up 1 finger as we count on to the next number ('six'). Thus, 5 + 1 = 6. When I'm doing this with Primary 1s, we always start with adding on and taking away 1, referring both to number lines and using concrete manipulatives while we also count on our fist. That way, they have the chance to connect this early computation strategy with the concrete experience of adding and taking away. Once they have mastered adding on 1, we move to adding on 2. So 5 + 2 would be solved by 'putting '5' in our fist' (e.g., making a fist and saying 'five'), then counting on '6, 7' as we raise 1, then 2 fingers. I always make a big deal about NOT raising any fingers when we say our fist number - that is the number we are starting with, so we haven't added anything yet - so no fingers allowed! The kids always find this quite funny...but they tend to remember. Check out the JUMP teachers' materials for a fuller explanation (you'll need to register, but registration is free and well worth a few minutes of your time).

<urn:uuid:ee7a054e-e225-4ea4-a46d-68ac3154ebab>

CC-MAIN-2018-39

http://www.mondaymorningteacher.com/my-blog/jump-math-and-fist-numbers

s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2018-39/segments/1537267156513.14/warc/CC-MAIN-20180920140359-20180920160759-00159.warc.gz

en

In today’s post, we’ll take closer looks at several lynchings that occurred this week in history. Using period newspapers, we’ll first cover yet another case of mistaken identity discovered far too late. Then, a short piece about a man lynched for stealing mules. Following that, we’ll hear from an eyewitness to a horrific mutilation, and finally another short article about a man lynching for passing an “indecent” note to a white girl. We’ll also hear from not one but two United States Senators from South Carolina as they defend the unconstitutional practice of lynching. Between the Civil War and World War II, the black community, especially in the South, was terrorized by an epidemic of lynchings. As opposed to public executions, the point of lynching was to avoid the court of law, judge and jury. Often times, the victim, in a holding cell for an offense, was kidnapped by a mob before even being arraigned. According to a recent report issued by the Equal Justice Initiate, there were 4,075 lynchings of black Americans across the South between 1877 and 1950. 1In this case, “The South” pertains to the dozen states where the most lynchings occurred: Mississippi (614), Georgia (595), Louisiana (559), Arkansas (491), Alabama (363), Texas (344), Florida (307), Tennessee (238), South Carolina (184), Kentucky (170), North Carolina (122), and Virginia (88). See the EJI site here. Rape Victim Witnesses Lynching of “Attacker” (1903) Eastman, Ga., July 14 – Ed Claus, a negro, was lynched near here tonight, while his victim, Miss Susie Johnson, was looking on. Claus was captured after being chased through seven counties by fifty farmers. Claus attacked Miss Johnson last Thursday as she was returning from a small school which she teaches. The negro kept her prisoner for several hours, and she was found next morning by a searching party. A posse was organized and the negro was trailed from here almost to Savannah before he was overtaken. He was brought here tonight by his captors and taken to the home of Miss Johnson. The young woman identified him, and when asked what she wanted done with him, she said: “He ought to be killed.” The negro was then tied to a tree and the members of the mob fired at him until he was literally cut to pieces. Not quite two weeks later, the same newspaper (the Chicago Record-Herald) ran a piece explaining that it was a case of mistaken identity: Savannah, Ga., July 26 – Several days ago a negro, supposed to be Ed Claus, was lynched near Eastman, Ga., for assaulting Miss Susie Johnson, a young school teacher. The negro protested he was not Claus and asked for time to prove his statement. But the mob was merciless. It now transpires that the negro was not Claus and had never seen Miss Johnson. Claus, who assaulted the girl, has been located near Darien, Ga., and officer passed through here tonight to secure him. It is believed Claus will be taken from the officers and lynched. Negro Hanged as Mule Thief (1914) Lake Cormorant, Miss., July 14 – James Bailey, a negro, was hanged today by a mob of about twenty masked men. He had been accused of the theft of three mules. Indescribable Tortures Were Inflicted on Williams (1921) From Moultrie, Georgia, scene of the burning of the Negro Williams, the [Washington] Eagle has obtained the following facts by an eyewitness. It is clearly shown that sworn officers of the law were leaders in mob violence and burning, acting with impunity. Says the Eagle‘s Correspondent: “There are many things about the Williams burning more disgraceful than have been published. A sick woman and her child, who had nothing to do with the matter, were beaten into insensibility and left to die because of hoodlumism of the mob. Colored churches were burned, all colored farmer’s fences were torn down and wealthy colored farmers chased form their homes. “Williams was brought to Moultrie on Friday night by sheriffs from fifty counties. Saturday court was called. Not a single colored person was allowed nearer than a block of the courthouse. The trial took half hour. Then Williams, surrounded by fifty sheriffs, armed with machine guns, started out of the courthouse door toward jail. “Immediately a cracker by the name of Ken Murphy gave the Confederate yell: ‘Whoo-whoo- let’s get the nigger.’ Simultaneously five hundred poor pecks rushed on the armed sheriffs, who made no resistance whatever. They tore the Negro’s clothing off before he was placed in a waiting automobile. This was done in broad daylight. The Negro was unsexed and made to eat a portion of his anatomy which had been cut away. Another portion was sent by parcel post to Governor Dorsey, whom the people of this section hate bitterly. “The Negro was taken to a grove, where each one of more than five hundred people, in Ku Klux ceremonial, had placed a pine knot around a stump, making a pyramid to the height of ten feet. The Negro was chained to the stump and asked if he had anything to say. Castrated and in indescribable torture, the Negro asked for a cigarette, lit it and blew the smoke in the face of his tormentors. “The pyre was lit and a hundred men and women, old and young, grandmothers among them, joined hands and danced around while the Negro burned. A big dance was held in a barn nearby that evening in celebration of the burning, many people coming by automobile from nearby cities to the gala event.” -Washington Eagle. 2Since it seems likely that a touch of hyperbole might have been used, more information about the lynching can be found here. Lynched for ‘Indecent’ Note (1934) Bolton, Miss., July 16 – Accused of writing an “indecent and insulting” letter to a young Hinds County white girl, James Sanders, 25-year-old negro, was riddled with bullets late today by a mob of armed citizens. The Lynching of Rubin Stacy (1935) Rubin Stacy was lynched in Florida on July 19, 1935. Though one of the later lynchings, his murder was celebrated by the townspeople who posed for pictures with his body. Most of the available photos feature young girls and women. The NAACP used one of the photos in material in support of the federal anti-lynching bill. This bill ultimately failed (with the help of one of the senators mentioned below). Once in awhile a high-profile official was found to be in favor of lynching. It’s rare, however, for such support to come from a United States Senator and former state governor. Coleman Livingston Blease served four years as South Carolina’s governor (1911-1915), and was then elected to the US Senate in 1924, a position he held for six years. During those years, he tried to push through a Constitutional amendment that would not only bar mixed raced couples, but punish them. This article ran on July 12, 1930 in the New York Telegram. A Southern Statesman (1930) The question whether lynching is justifiable is figuring in the United States Senatorial campaign in South Carolina, unbelievable as it may seem. Senator Coleman L. Blease, up for re-election, discussed the subject in a campaign address. “Whenever the Constitution comes between me and the virtue of white women in South Carolina, I say to hell with the Constitution, Blease is quoted as having said recently at the scene of a recent lynching where he was seeking the local vote. When he was Governor, he added pridefully, he did not call out the militia to protect Negroes against mobs, and asked that when a suspect was caught he not be notified until the next morning. It would be difficult to equal such a statement for sheer barbarity and demagogism. It is a deliberate invitation to the people of South Carolina by an acknowledged leader, who boasts that he has held more political offices than any other man in the history of the State, to supersede normal legal processes with lynch law and mob violence. And there has been plenty of that in the South in recent weeks. We cannot believe that such savagery reflects the views of the people of South Carolina. Obviously men like Blease have no place in the Senate or in any other public office. It will be interesting to observe whether the decent people of South Carolina are willing to bear the stigma of having him again represent them. Blease lost in the primaries to James F. Byrnes – 50.9% to 49.1%. Byrnes then ran in the general election unopposed. Incidentally, Byrnes was a Roman Catholic and a progressive, supporting FDR’s New Deal in the Senate. However, it seems his progressiveness did not come into play concerning lynching. Byrnes spoke in favor of lynching on the floor of the Senate when anti-lynching measures were proposed. He believed that lynching was necessary in order to hold the “negro in check.” Nearly Ninety Other Lynchings This Week What follows is a list of all known racially-motivated lynchings between July 11 and July 17, 1877-1935. It should be in the forefront of your mind that the “crimes” listed are only what the victims of the lynchings were accused of committing. They were allowed no trials, and thus they were not guilty in the eyes of the law. Certainly some may have done what they were accused of doing, but in a constitutional society that values law and order over mob rule, each and every lynching was a miscarriage of justice and a horrible wrong. 3For more information on all of this, please see our post here. Year Victim City State Race Sex Form Alleged Offense 1881 Henry Smith Prairie AR Black Male Hanged Outrage and murder of a 14 year-old white orphan girl 1888 William Henry Smith Wythe VA Black Male Hanged and riddled with bullets Criminal assault on a married white woman, “respectable lady” 1889 Felix Keys Lafayette LA Black Male Unreported Ax murder of his wife 1889 Prince Luster Tishomingo MS Black Male Hanged Seduction of an insane white girl 1892 Elmer Edwards McCracken KY White Male Shot Opposing a mob 1894 Unnamed Negro #1 DeSoto MS Black Male Hanged Unknown 1894 Unnamed Negro #2 DeSoto MS Black Male Hanged Unknown 1896 James Porter Webster LA Black Male Riddled with bullets Suspicion of murder of a white farmer 1896 Monch Dudley Webster LA Black Male Riddled with bullets Suspicion of murder of a white farmer 1898 John Henry James Albemarle VA Black Male Hanged/RwB Criminal assault of an unmarried white woman 1899 George Jones St. Charles LA Black Male Drown Horse theft 1904 Kitt Bookard Berkeley SC Black Male Stabbed Quarreled with a young white man, cursed him, and threatened to paddle him 1906 Edward Pearson Emanuel GA Black Male Hanged Found under a white girl’s bed 1908 Unnamed Negro Jones GA Black Male Shot Attacking a white man with a knife 1926 James Clark Brevard FL Black Male Hanged Unknown 1882 Wm. Ritter Henderson KY Black Male Hanged Rape and murder of a 12 year old black/mulatto girl 1884 Willis Hardin Troup GA Black Male Hanged Rape of a white woman 1885 Harris Trustall Lafayette MS Black Male Hanged Attacking two white girls, the eldest being 19 years-old 1892 Henry Purvine McCracken KY Black Male Shot Unreported 1893 Henry Fleming Lowndes MS Black Male Hanged/RwB Stabbing to death a white man 1893 Robert Larkin Marion FL Black Male Hanged Rape of a unmarried 18 year-old white woman of “high social standing” 1902 Will Jackson Panola MS Black Male Riddled with bullets Killing a white boy 1914 Rosa Richardson Orangeburg SC Black Female Hanged/RwB Murder of 13 year-old white girl 1915 Will Lozier Abbeville SC Black Male Hanged/RwB Murder of a young white man, son of a well-known farmer 1877 George Jackson Ashley AR Black Male Burned Outraged and murdered a young white girl 1884 Ned Mack Oktibbeha MS Black Male Hanged Poisoning a 12 year-old and 14 year-old white boys 1884 Newton Carpenter Oktibbeha MS Black Male Hanged Poisoning a 12 year-old and 14 year-old white boys 1888 Jim Torney St. Clair AL Black Male Unreported Eloped with 16 year-old white girl, daughter of a well-to-do farmer 1891 Samuel Gillespie DeSoto MS Black Male Riddled with bullets Aided larcenist 1893 Allen Butler Lawrenceville IL Black Male Hanged “Producing a criminal abortion” 1893 Meredith Lewis Tangipahoa LA Black Male Hanged Murder of his first wife 1898 Sidney Johnson Tuscaloosa AL Black Male Hanged/RwB Criminal assault on a widowed white woman and an attempted criminal assault on a 16 year-old white girl 1904 Unnamed Negro Concordia LA Black Male Hanged Assaulting a white man, a saw mill foreman 1911 Morris Daniels Colquitt GA Black Male Shot Attempted criminal assault on an aged white woman 1879 John Breckinridge Nicholas KY Mulatto Male Hanged Outraged an unmarried white woman 1879 Lucian Weaver Jefferson TN Black Male Riddled with bullets Rape of a married white woman 1884 Richard May Daviess KY Black Male Hanged Attempted rape of a young white woman, daughter of a prominent farmer 1887 Jim Riser Winn LA Black Male Shot Unreported 1888 Frank Stone St. Clair AL Black Male Attempted outrage on a married white woman, wife of a railroad section foreman 1889 Swan Burnes Tishomingo MS Black Male Hanged Killing a young white man 1892 Julien Mosely Desha AR Black Male Hanged Rape of his 17 year-old stepdaughter 1894 Charles Marie Harrison MS Black Male Hanged Attempted outrage on an unmarried 16 year-old white girl 1894 William Bell Dickson TN Black Male Riddled with bullets Barn burning 1895 Jack Ware Calhoun AR Black Male Hanged Murder of a white man 1895 Jim Ware Calhoun AR Black Male Hanged Murder of a white man 1898 Alexander Johnson Drew AR Black Male Riddled with bullets Murder of a rich planter and merchant 1898 James Redd Drew AR Black Male Riddled with bullets Murder of a rich planter and merchant 1903 Unnamed Negro Dodge GA Black Male Hanged/RwB Assaulted young unmarried white woman 1908 Hugh Jones Hardeman TN Black Male Hanged Attempted rape of an unmarried 17 year-old white girl 1913 Sam Townes Bolivar MS Black Male Riddled with bullets Killing his wife and a black man, and fatally shooting a member of a posse, a white man 1914 James Bailey DeSoto MS Black Male Hanged Stealing three mules 1915 James Jackson Bleckley GA Black Male Hanged Murder of three white men, including a white marshal 1915 Peter Fambrough Bleckley GA Black Male Unreported Complicity in murder of a white marshal 1915 Peter Jackson Bleckley GA Black Male Shot Complicity in murder of a white marshal 1922 Jake Davis Miller GA Black Male Hanged and shot Fathering a child with a white woman 1881 — Spence Caddo LA Black Male Hanged Entering the bedroom of two white women 1882 David Cook Kershaw SC Black Male Unreported Attempted rape of a white woman 1886 Jake Braswell Bulloch GA Black Male Hanged/RwB Rape and mutilation of 6 year-old white girl 1888 John Humphreys Buncombe NC Mulatto Male Hanged Criminal assault on 13 year-old white girl 1889 Jim Tillman Grenada MS Black Male Unreported Reporting persons for violating gaming laws 1893 John Cotton Lincoln AR Black Male Hanged/RwB Attempted criminal assault on a married white woman 1895 Ira Johnson Greenville SC Black Male Hanged/RwB Killing of a young white man 1897 Anthony Williams Lawrence TN Black Male Riddled with bullets Rape and murder of a 15 year-old white girl 1898 John S. Durrett Tuscaloosa AL Black Male Riddled with bullets Plotting to avenge the lynching of a black man 1901 Alexander Herman Lawrence AL Black Male Hanged/RwB Murdered a black woman and cremated her body 1901 Lewis Thomas Richland LA Black Male Hanged Assault on a white man, a merchant, and member of a “Black Mafia Society”; stealing a bottle of pop 1915 Thomas Collins Avoyelles LA Black Male Hanged Assaulting a white man, a marshal 1919 Robert Truett Humphreys MS Black Male Hanged Insulted a white woman; made indecent proposals to a white woman 1933 Unnamed Negro Lowndes MS Black Male Hanged Improper proposals to a white girl, daughter of a farmer; insulted a white woman 1935 Bert Moore Lowndes MS Black Male Hanged Attempted criminal assault on a white woman, wife of a farmer 1935 Dooley Morton Lowndes MS Black Male Hanged Attempted criminal assault on a white woman, wife of a farmer 1935 Joe Spinner Johnson Hale AL Black Male Unreported Leader of the Sharecroppers Union 1881 Silas Lee Lincoln LA Black Male Riddled with bullets Attempted rape; discovered naked under two white girl’s bed 1884 Joe Robertson Greene AL Black Male Hanged Attempted rape of a young, unmarried white woman 1891 Will P. Walker Decatur TN Black Male Hanged/RwB Outraged a young white woman 1892 Manuel Monday Grenada MS Black Male Hanged Rape and murder of an 8 year-old black girl 1893 Unnamed Negro Shelby AL Black Male Unreported Murder of two white women 1894 Marion Howard Allen KY Black Male Hanged Criminal assault on an under 10 year-old white girl 1895 Robert Haggard Clark KY Mulatto Male Hanged Attempting to criminally assault a young unmarried white woman 1902 Unnamed Negro Escambia FL Black Male Hanged/RwB Unknown 1903 Dennis Head Aiken SC Black Male Shot Refusing to give information on an escaped murderer 1908 Albert Godlin Catahoula LA Black Male Hanged Inciting arson of a white man’s cotton gin 1908 Miller Gaines Catahoula LA Black Male Hanged Arson of a white man’s cotton gin 1908 Sam Gaines Catahoula LA Black Male Hanged Arson of a white man’s cotton gin 1917 Poe Hibbler Pickens AL Black Male Hanged Entering the home of a white farmer; attempted criminal assault on a white girl, a farmer’s daughter 1934 James Sanders Hinds MS Black Male Riddled with bullets Writing an indecent and insulting letter to a white girl 1877 Simon Jenkins Amite MS Black Male Shot Unreported 1896 Dan Dicks Aiken SC Black Male Hanged Attempted outrage on married white woman 1897 — Edmonson Lauderdale AL Black Male Beaten with rocks and clubs; hanged Concealed a black man accused of murder and rape 1902 Jim Gaston Attala MS Black Male Shot Incendiarism 1902 Monroe Hallum Attala MS Black Male Shot Incendiarism 1902 William Ody Tunica MS Black Male Burned Criminal assault on an unmarried white woman, daughter of a planter 1903 John Adams Bradford FL Black Male Hanged Rape of a respected black woman References [ + ] |1.||⇡||In this case, “The South” pertains to the dozen states where the most lynchings occurred: Mississippi (614), Georgia (595), Louisiana (559), Arkansas (491), Alabama (363), Texas (344), Florida (307), Tennessee (238), South Carolina (184), Kentucky (170), North Carolina (122), and Virginia (88). See the EJI site here.| |2.||⇡||Since it seems likely that a touch of hyperbole might have been used, more information about the lynching can be found here.| |3.||⇡||For more information on all of this, please see our post here.|

<urn:uuid:a726f2c9-6a5f-4c08-b6d7-9d6fc1d33593>

CC-MAIN-2018-39

http://www.thiscruelwar.com/mistaken-identity/

s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2018-39/segments/1537267156513.14/warc/CC-MAIN-20180920140359-20180920160759-00159.warc.gz

en

A secondary school revision resource for gcse english literature about the themes of shakespeare's romeo and juliet. Literary critique (romeo literary critique (romeo and juliet by william shakespeare) shakespeare’s version of romeo and juliet is no exception the play. Scholars apply their literary analysis and romeo and juliet by william shakespeare bible or how a later author draws on a play by shakespeare. Romeo and juliet (3,342) william shakespeare that predict events in the play romeo and mercutio both of fate and free will in romeo and juliet is a. Category: shakespeare, romeo and juliet title: fate in william shakespeare's romeo and juliet. 381 quotes from romeo and juliet: than this of juliet and her romeo” ― william shakespeare all quotes quotes by william shakespeare play the 'guess that. This essay fate in romeo and juliet and such as in william shakespeare's the tragedy of romeo shakespeare continues to interpolate fate into his play. A list of important facts about william shakespeare's romeo and juliet that of romeo and juliet occasionally the play uses romeo’s outbursts against fate. Romeo and juliet by william shakespeare, free study guides and book notes including comprehensive chapter analysis, complete summary analysis, author biography information, character profiles, theme analysis, metaphor analysis, and top ten quotes on classic literature. Fate in romeo and juliet essay romeo and never change one’s future fate romeo and juliet by william shakespeare william shakespeare’s play, romeo and. The initial relationship between romeo and juliet is based on impulse romeo in the play, romeo and juliet, by william shakespeare of the play are fate. The tragedy of romeo and juliet by william shakespeare dramatis personae chorus prince escalus, prince of verona paris, a. Romeo and juliet: analysis by act and scene shakespeare, william romeo and juliet ed shakespeare on fate. Romeo and juliet (film 1996) themes william shakespeare's romeo + juliet written primarily by students and provide critical analysis of romeo and juliet. Romeo and juliet fate in the opening scene of william shakespeare's play, 'romeo and juliet analysis of romeo and juliet by william. Romeo and juliet: character analysis by romeo and juliet by william shakespeare he disappears from the play after these failures, for fate has. Fitrana amalia hafizhah 14211141023 [email protected] drama analysis analysis name of play: romeo & juliet author: william shakespeare. Need help with act 3, scene 1 in william shakespeare's romeo and juliet check out our revolutionary side-by-side summary and analysis. This one-page guide includes a plot summary and brief analysis of romeo and juliet by william romeo and juliet shakespeare likely wrote the play. Romeo and juliet study guide contains a biography of william shakespeare, literature essays, a complete e-text, quiz questions, major themes, characters, and a full summary and analysis. Romeo and juliet (3,342) william shakespeare the concept of fate - romeo and juliet contrasting glimpses of lord capulet in his play romeo and juliet. A close analysis of shakespeare's romeo and juliet prologue their love is doomed by fate because of their birth to analysis: the play will tell the. Get an answer for 'what is the role of fate in the play romeo and juliet i want to know what is the role of fate in the play of romeo and juliet by the writer william shakespeare' and find homework help for other romeo and juliet questions at enotes. Theme of fate in romeo and juliet by shakespeare essay william shakespeare's play, romeo and juliet has fate as an. In this paper i will be showing the three main themes in romeo and juliet and how in romeo and juliet fate was a william shakespeare made the play romeo and. Romeo and juliet shakespeare homepage you are welcome, gentlemen come, musicians, play a hall romeo this day's black fate on more days doth depend. In act iii, scene 1 of the play romeo and juliet, william shakespeare so effectively uses timing, whereby the precise moment at which tragedy is. Aqa english literature romeo and juliet analysis juliet capulet key quotations language analysis theater character, play, william shakespeare, romeo. Essays and criticism on william shakespeare's romeo and juliet - analysis romeo and juliet analysis - essay william. Free essay on fate and free will in romeo and juliet there is ample evidence of both fate and free will in the play of william shakespeare's romeo and juliet. A critical analysis of william shakespeare's 'romeo and juliet' romeo and juliet - an analysis of the play and characters romeo and juliet - romeo's monologue.

<urn:uuid:28b9bf32-ce6c-45d2-bf08-093e9476e8a6>

CC-MAIN-2018-39

http://zwcourseworkhxww.quickrewards.info/an-analysis-of-the-fate-of-romeo-and-juliet-a-play-by-william-shakespeare.html

s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2018-39/segments/1537267156513.14/warc/CC-MAIN-20180920140359-20180920160759-00159.warc.gz

en

The Saskatchewan Rebellion raised up some 8,000 men in a Canadian Militia army. Much credit for its speedy organization went to the Minister of Militia, Adolph Caron, and to William Van Home. On March 23, Major-General F. Middleton, General Officer of Commanding Militia, was ordered to the West, and the Winnipeg Militia were put on alert. By March 24, one company was at Qu'Appelle, and two days later Middleton arrived. More militia was requisitioned. Two permanent artillery batteries from Quebec and Kingston arrived in Winnipeg on April 5, and other militia followed at intervals. The C.P.R. track did not cover all the distance, and supplies had to be unloaded and reloaded sixteen times. Railroad grades without tracks made excellent roads for sleighs. Middleton was to move from Qu'Appelle against Batoche. Colonel Otter from Swift Current was to relieve Battleford. Major-General Strange from Calgary was to proceed north to Edmonton, then east to Frog Lake and Fort Pitt to meet Colonel Otter. At Clark's Crossing, north of Saskatoon, Middleton split his force into two columns, to follow up either side of the Saskatchewan River forty miles to Batoche. On April 24, on the east bank at Fish Creek, Dumont's sharpshooters in a ravine picked off troops above them. Dumont, an excellent "tactics" man, had his adversaries in somewhat the same situation as buffalo forced into a "pound." The close-order tactics of the troops was partly their downfall. Dumont later withdrew, and Middleton spent two weeks awaiting reinforcements and organizing his supplies. Colonel Otter, with a combined police and militia force, marched into Battleford on April 24. A surprise move against Poundmaker's Crees at Cut Knife Hill, thirty miles west of North Battleford, failed, and the Indians advanced toward Batoche. Father Lacombe and C.E. Denny circulated among the Blackfeet, hoping to discourage Crowfoot from joining Poundmaker, his son. Strange's men were welcomed at Calgary by people who hadn't believed the government would really send troops. The 65th Carbiniers were from Montreal, and Colonel Osborne Smith headed the Winnipeg Light Infantry. Major- General Strange moved north. Father Lacombe and Reverend McDougall went ahead reasuring the peaceable Indians. Rivers were high and the troops reached Edmonton May 1, having travelled two hundred and ten miles in ten days. Most of the troops had gone east to Fort Pitt by May 14. Middleton moved toward Batoche on May 9. In the advance troops were the Midland (Ontario) Regiment under Colonel Williams and the Toronto Grenadiers under Colonel Grassett. Three days later Batoche fell. Dumont and Michel Dumas, two of the Council, fled to Montana. Middleton offered Riel protection, and on May 15 he surrendered to Mounted Police scouts. Nearly two weeks later Middleton took Poundmaker's surrender at Battleford. Big Bear surrendered on July 2. The rebellion had cost the government $5,000,000. Settlers had lost herds of cattle and horses in the months previous, and it was too late to seed the fields.

<urn:uuid:3f7c90db-3d29-4c9b-affa-f12d423215b4>

CC-MAIN-2018-39

https://heinsburg.ca/canadian-response

s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2018-39/segments/1537267156513.14/warc/CC-MAIN-20180920140359-20180920160759-00159.warc.gz

en

APA, Counselor Training, Written Communication, Scientific Communication, American Psychological Association Style, Professional Voice, Writing Style The development of professional voice takes practice. At present, little literature exists to aid counselor educators helping students develop their writing style and adjust to APA style in academic writing. The author provides practical suggestions for teaching APA to counselors-in-training and offers a teaching resource for use in the classroom. Suggestions include: addressing why APA style is used in the profession, joining with colleagues to emphasize the importance of writing style, modeling strong style, requiring the use of APA, providing feedback specific to style, using style focused peer review, and providing examples of strong APA style. McDonald, K. E. (2011). Teaching the 6th Edition of APA Style of Writing in Counselor Education. The Journal of Counselor Preparation and Supervision, 3(2). Retrieved from https://repository.wcsu.edu/jcps/vol3/iss2/5

<urn:uuid:4af4e591-b38f-4257-987a-35d5794d4906>

CC-MAIN-2018-39

https://repository.wcsu.edu/jcps/vol3/iss2/5/

s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2018-39/segments/1537267156513.14/warc/CC-MAIN-20180920140359-20180920160759-00159.warc.gz

en

- Annual Meeting - Get Involved OLD MILITARY ROAD OLD MILITARY ROAD. The Old Military Road between Fort Brown at Brownsville and Fort Ringgold at Rio Grande City was built as a possible supply route for Zachary Taylor during the Mexican War. Taylor had set up a supply base at Camargo, opposite Rio Grande City, for his movement into the interior of Mexico. Although most historians agree that the bulk of supplies and troops were transported upriver by steamboat, the road was used when the river was low and when time was short; the trip up the meandering river took almost two days. Writers disagree as to who actually laid out the road. Credit is given to both George Brinton McClellan and George Gordon Meade, who were engineers with Taylor. The road went through most of the old towns of the Rio Grande valley. In the 1960s most of the old road was paved and was a portion of U.S. Highway 281. BIBLIOGRAPHY:Virgil N. Lott, The Rio Grande Valley (MS, Dolph Briscoe Center for American History, University of Texas at Austin). J. Lee and Lillian J. Stambaugh, The Lower Rio Grande Valley of Texas (San Antonio: Naylor, 1954). Image Use Disclaimer All copyrighted materials included within the Handbook of Texas Online are in accordance with Title 17 U.S.C. Section 107 related to Copyright and “Fair Use” for Non-Profit educational institutions, which permits the Texas State Historical Association (TSHA), to utilize copyrighted materials to further scholarship, education, and inform the public. The TSHA makes every effort to conform to the principles of fair use and to comply with copyright law. For more information go to: http://www.law.cornell.edu/uscode/17/107.shtml If you wish to use copyrighted material from this site for purposes of your own that go beyond fair use, you must obtain permission from the copyright owner. The following, adapted from the Chicago Manual of Style, 15th edition, is the preferred citation for this article.Handbook of Texas Online, Dixie L. Jones, "OLD MILITARY ROAD," accessed September 20, 2018, http://www.tshaonline.org/handbook/online/articles/exo02. Uploaded on June 15, 2010. Published by the Texas State Historical Association.

<urn:uuid:0aa72e0f-9b4b-46ed-95ec-c8ed4d26bcd9>

CC-MAIN-2018-39

https://tshaonline.org/handbook/online/articles/exo02

s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2018-39/segments/1537267156513.14/warc/CC-MAIN-20180920140359-20180920160759-00159.warc.gz

en

ADHD is a recognised neurological condition which remains with you. While having ADHD has many benefits, it frequently remains undiagnosed, or diagnosis may be obscured. Are you constantly faced with these challenges? Do you often get these physical symptoms? Cravings, addictions, allergy, hypersensitivity, migraines, headaches, dizziness, excessive thirst, eye troubles, digestive upsets, muscle aches such as twitching, tics, cramps, air hunger eg sighing, yawning, sleep disturbances, apnoea, insomnia, restless leg syndrome, excessive perspiration, skin, nail, hair abnormalities, poor temperature sense, thyroid problems. Just getting a diagnosis of ADHD and understanding that there was a reason for many of your past difficulties can be an enormous relief. Although there is no cure, there are treatments that can be useful in managing ADHD. Treatment must be tailored for you and should address all areas you may need help with. Common components of a tailored ADHD treatment plan might include:

<urn:uuid:768f03ba-eab1-4a96-ba8f-87d32af85df3>

CC-MAIN-2018-39

https://www.adhd.org.nz/adults.html

s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2018-39/segments/1537267156513.14/warc/CC-MAIN-20180920140359-20180920160759-00159.warc.gz

en

GHOSTS BY GASLIGHT SERIES The Spiritualist movement, like jazz, was purely an American invention. Although the idea that man was able to communicate with spirits had existed already for centuries, modern belief in such a practice came about in March 1848 in Hydesville, New York. The movement, which would come to be known as Spiritualism, would remain strong for nearly a century, enjoying its greatest revival after the Civil War. The practice was founded on the belief that life existed after death and that the spirit existed beyond the body. Most importantly, it was believed that these spirits could --- and did --- communicate with the living. Troy Taylor's GHOSTS BY GASLIGHT series takes a in-depth look at the history of Spiritualism, those who practiced it -- and the scientists, magicians and researchers who investigated the claims of those who said that the dead still walked among us. For everyone who has ever read a ghost book or watched a paranormal television show, the dawn of the Spiritualist movement is where it all began! To truly understand the history of ghost research, we have to look back to its beginnings. It has been said that if we do not understand our history, we can never learn from it, so we invite anyone with a passion for ghost research to discover where the field truly got its start. BOOK I: ...AND THE DEAD KNOCKED The first book in Troy Taylor's GHOST BY GASLIGHT series delves into the earliest days of the Spiritualist movement, from the knockings in Hydesville, New York to the rise of the movement in the middle years of the nineteenth century. Few can fathom today how the belief in Spiritualism swept across America, creating converts to a belief in spirit communication from every walk of life -- man and woman, rich and poor and even to the front door of the White House. Discover the lives of the pioneers of the movement and how belief in talking to the dead spread from coast to coast. Find out who held the very first séances in the America White House -- and why! See how Spiritualism affected daily life, politics, newspapers and the great literary works of the nineteenth century! And then see how the Civil War -- and Abraham and Mary Lincoln -- saved Spiritualism and helped to create its "golden age" after the Civil War! This is a fascinating look at a little-known period in American history and one that will fascinate even the most jaded readers of historical research into ghostly phenomena -- told by one of the most acclaimed historians of the supernatural writing today. Don't miss it! About the Author Taylor shares a birthday with one of his favorite authors, F. Scott Fitzgerald, but instead of living in New York and Paris like Fitzgerald, Taylor grew up in Illinois. Raised on the prairies of the state, he developed an interest in "things that go bump in the night" at an early age and as a young man, developing ghost tours and writing about haunts in Chicago and Central Illinois. He began his first book in 1989, which delved into the history and hauntings of Decatur, Illinois, and in 1994, it spawned the Haunted Decatur Tour -- and eventually led to the founding of his Illinois Hauntings Tours (with current tours in Alton, Chicago, Decatur, Lebanon & Jacksonville) and the American Hauntings Tours, which travel all over the country in search of haunted places. In 1996, Taylor organized a group of ghost enthusiasts into an investigation team and the American Ghost Society was launched, gained over 600 members in the years that followed. The organization continues today as one of America’s largest and most honored research groups. In 1997, Taylor launched the Haunted America Conference, regarded as "America's Original Ghost Conference" in Decatur, Illinois. After a number of years in Alton, Illinois, the conference has returned to its original site at the Lincoln Theater in Decatur. The Haunted America Conference remains the most imitated conference in the country and in 2012, held the 16th annual events in Illinois. In addition to the tour companies and Haunted America Conference, Taylor is also the founder of Whitechapel Press, a publishing company for books about the supernatural that he started in 1993, and Dark Haven Entertainment. In 2011, he also became one of the principal owners of the haunted Avon Theater in Decatur, Illinois. Along with writing about the unusual and hosting tours, Taylor is also a public speaker on the subject of ghosts and hauntings. He has appeared in scores of newspaper and magazine articles about the subject and in hundreds of radio and television broadcasts about the supernatural. Troy has appeared in documentary productions for TLC, The History Channel, A&E, Discovery Channel, & more!

<urn:uuid:fa539583-0a3a-43c5-9469-7ae0fd00a953>

CC-MAIN-2018-39

https://www.barnesandnoble.com/w/ghosts-by-gaslight-1-troy-taylor/1114862944?ean=2940016186207

s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2018-39/segments/1537267156513.14/warc/CC-MAIN-20180920140359-20180920160759-00159.warc.gz

en

Flashcards in Thoracic Spine, Sternum, and Ribs Deck (84): What are the 2 routine thoracic spine projections? What are the 3 special thoracic spine projections? - Swimmer’s lateral view of upper thoracic region - Oblique views - Thoracolumbar or other coned views Why is the entire rib cage not often radiographed in an evaluation? Due to the great expanse of bone, multiplanar curves, and superimposition of muscular diaphragm The width between opposing paired pedicles is normally __ mm in the thoracic spine What 3 lines should be observed in the lateral thoracic view? - Line 1: anterior vertebral body line - Line 2: posterior vertebral body line - Line 3: spinolaminar line What does the spinolaminar line represent? The junctions of the laminae at spinous processes The thoracic spine is most commonly injured because of ____ forces What regions of the thoracic spine that are most common injured and why? Transitional vertebrae (C/T and T/L regions), because they are junctions between relatively immobile thoracic spine and more flexible cervical/lumbar spines At what segmental level do the majority of thoracic spine injuries occur? T12 - L1 Neurological injury complicates __% to __% of all fractures at the thoracic/lumbar level 15% to 20% What form of imaging is used to assess the thoracic and lumbar spine after blunt trauma? thorax-abdomen-pelvis (TAP) CT scans What form of imaging is used to assess the degree of neural compromise, cord edema, cord contusion, epidural hematoma, nerve root involvement, or ligamentous disruption associated with thoracic spine trauma? What type of fractures of the vertebral body are the most common spinal injury detectable on radiographs? Anterior compression fractures _____ forces account for approximately 90% of compression fractures. What accounts for the remaining 10%? What is a significant factor in vertebral body collapse in older adults? Are anterior compression fractures considered stable or unstable? Explain why... Stable because only the anterior column is involved Why do anterior compression fractures increase in incidence with age? There is demineralization of the bone which renders the vertebrae less elastic, more brittle, and more prone to fracture. Dehydration of the NP also renders the disks less resilient to compression What are the 6 radiographic signs of compression fracture? - step defect - wedge deformity - linear zone of impaction - displaced endplates - loss of IVD height - paraspinal edema What does a step defect look like? The superior endplate is anteriorly displaced causing a step-off of normally smooth concave anterior margin What does a wedge deformity look like? Because the anterior vertebral body collapses, the vertebral body appears triangular or trapezoidal in appearance What may a wedge deformity lead to? increased kyphosis and possibly scoliosis if the wedging is lateral What percentage loss of vertebral body height is required for a wedge deformity to be present on a radiograph? What is the linear zone of impaction? A linear band of increased density apparent beneath involved endplate in a compression fracture What does the linear zone of impaction represent acutely? What does it represent later on? Acutely it represents the enmeshed trabeculae of the compression fracture Later it represents callus formation in a healing fracture In what direction do the endplates displace in a compression fracture? Anteriorly, due to the anterior shearing of the IVDs What characteristics are present on the radiograph when a compression fracture is less than 2 months old? It has a step defect, wedge deformity, and the linear zone of impaction What characteristics are present on the radiograph when a compression fracture is older? It only was a wedge deformity How do vertebral body fractures heal? by both endosteal and periosteal callus formation How long does vertebral body fracture union take? Does vertebral body height return to normal after healing? No, the wedge deformity persists after healing Do the IVDs heal completely following compression fracture? Mildly damaged disks may revascularize and function normally. However, severely torn disks may calcify and form bony ankylosis at that segment What is the standard treatment for vertebral compression fractures? Non-operative, typically fitted with thoracolumbar spinal orthosis (TLSO) for 4-6 weeks Typically how long do severe symptoms last in vertebral compression fractures? One in ___ women and one in ____ men will have osteoporosis-related fracture in their remaining lifetimes What types of fractures are the earliest and most common of all osteoporotic fractures vertebral compression fractures What are vertebral compression fractures commonly associated with? chronic back pain, limited spine mobility, and social isolation The existence of one previous vertebral fracture increases risk for subsequent vertebral fractures at multiple levels ___fold and hip fractures ___fold What things are compromised as the spine and thorax lose flexibility? - ambulation impaired due to pain - compromised heart and lung volume - stressful compensatory cervical hyperextension required to bring eyes to horizontal What are the 3 characteristics of osteoporosis of the spine on a plain radiograph? - Increased radiolucency resulting in an "empty box” appearance of vertebral body - Cortical thinning - Trabecular changes Where is increased radiodensity first evident in the spine? at cancellous vertebral bodies Where is thinning of cortical margins first evident in the spine? at vertebral body margins, especially at endplates, where the cortical outline is normally relatively thick What do trabecular changes in the spine look like? distinct vertical striations When do wedge deformities occur in those with osteoporosis? When the spine is put under flexion or axial compressive forces What are 2 other vertebral body deformities that are evident in osteoporotic spines? - The vertebral bodies may appear biconcave due to chronic microfractures - The vertebral bodies may appear flat due to a single traumatic event What are flat-appearing vertebrae referred to as? What types of endplate deformities are evident in osteoporotic spines? - There are smooth indentations seen in the region of the NP (central) - There is also sclerosis along the endplates What are Schmorl’s nodes? Radiolucent nodes in endplates due to focal intrusion of nuclear material into the vertebral body What does DEXA stand for? Dual energy x-ray absorptiometry What does DEXA measure? bone mineral density What are the 3 reasons why DEXA is used over qualitative CT? - less expensive - exposes patient to less radiation - more accurate at measuring subtle changes in bone density a lateral deviation of the spine from the mid-sagittal plane combined with rotational deformities of vertebrae and ribs What are the 4 pathological changes that occur on the concave side of a scoliotic curvature - Narrowed disk spaces - Wedge-shaped vertebral bodies - Shorter and thinner pedicles and laminae - Narrowed IVF and spinal canal spaces What are the 2 pathological changes that occur on the convex side of a scoliotic curvature - Widened rib spaces - Posteriorly positioned rib cage Scoliotic curves over 5° appear in approximately _% of population Scoliotic curves over 10° appear in approximately _-_% of population Scoliotic curves over 25° appear in _ out of 1,000 individuals Which gender typically has a large scoliotic curve? Approximately __% of structural scoliosis cases are termed idiopathic scoliosis because the etiology remains unknown What are the 3 types of idiopathic scoliosis and when do each develop? - Infantile idiopathic scoliosis appears before age 3 - Juvenile idiopathic scoliosis appears between the ages of 3-10 - Adolescent idiopathic scoliosis (AIS) appears between age 10 and skeletal maturity Scoliotic curves are named by the side of the con___ and in reference to the patient’s right and left sides What are the 4 distinct scoliosis patterns? - Right thoracic curve - Right thoracolumbar curve - Left lumbar curve - Left lumbar, right thoracic curve What is the most commonly seen scoliotic curve? right convex thoracic curve At what spinal levels does a right convex thoracic curve begin and end at? At what spinal levels does a thoracolumbar curve begin and end at? In which direction does a thoracolumbar curve occur in? either side, but right is most common At what spinal levels does a lumbar curve begin and end at? In which direction does a lumbar curve occur in? either side, but left is most common What is the most definitive and diagnostic modality in management of patient with scoliosis? What are the 4 purposes radiographs serve in assessing scoliosis? - To determine or rule out various etiologies of scoliosis - To evaluate curvature size, site, and flexibility - To assess skeletal maturity or bone age - To monitor curvature progression or regression What are the 4 radiographic series projections to diagnose and evaluate scoliosis? - Erect AP - Erect lateral - Erect AP lateral flexion views of spine - PA left hand Why is a radiograph of the left hand taken when assessing scoliosis? to provide accurate assessment of skeletal age What are 2 other indicators of skeletal maturity seen on spine radiographs? - Fusion of vertebral ring apophyses - Fusion of iliac crest apophysis to ilium What does Risser's sign refer to? the amount of calcification of the human pelvis as a measure of maturity Where do apophyses typically dirst appear in the pelvis? Describe their progression... Apophyses first appear at the ASIS's and progress over a year’s time posteromedially to PSIS's Approximately how long does it take for the pelvis to fuse completely? Describe the progression of ossification according to the Risser's sign scale - Grade 1 is given when the ilium is calcified at a level of 25% Grade 2 is given when the ilium is calcified at a level of 50% - Grade 3 is given when the ilium is calcified at a level of 75% - Grade 4 is given when the ilium is calcified at a level of 100% - Grade 5 is given when the ilium is calcified at a level of 100% and the iliac apophysis is fused to iliac crest What is the significance of Risser's sign to scoliosis? When Risser's sign is 5+ skeletal spinal maturity is complete and the progression of the scoliotic curve is strongly inhibited after this point What is another method of measuring scoliotic curves? The Cobb Methodof Measurement Describe the 3 steps to the Cobb method 1) Identify the uppermost involved vertebra of the curve that tilts significantly toward the concavity and a draw line along its superior endplate 2) Identify the lowermost involved vertebra of curve that tilts significantly toward the concavity and a draw line along its inferior endplate 3) Draw perpendicular lines through lines 1 and 2 and measure the resulting intersecting angle. This is the value of the scoliotic curve What are the 4 factors that determine how scoliosis is treated? - Patient’s skeletal age - Curve magnitude - Curve location - Potential for curve progression What type of curves are at higher risk for progression? thoracic more so than thoracolumbar or lumbar curves General treatment guidelines for scoliosis fall into 3 groups, what are these 3 groups? - For patients with curves of minimal magnitude: No active treatment but close observation for months or years to determine whether curve progressing - For patients with curves b/w 20°-40°: Spinal bracing combined with exercise for several months or years until skeletal maturity reached - For patients with curves over 50°: Surgical fixation required What is the primary goal f bracing for scoliosis? To stop the progression of the curve. However, any correction of the curve considered a bonus

<urn:uuid:2ed900ce-d5cc-45dd-9e8c-603967e66cd4>

CC-MAIN-2018-39

https://www.brainscape.com/flashcards/thoracic-spine-sternum-and-ribs-2086112/packs/3752627

s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2018-39/segments/1537267156513.14/warc/CC-MAIN-20180920140359-20180920160759-00159.warc.gz

en

Summary and Analysis Faustus begins to repent that he has made a contract with the devil. Mephistophilis tries to console Faustus by telling him that heaven is not such a glorious place and that humans are more wonderful than anything in heaven. The Good Angel and the Evil Angel appear, and each tries to influence Faustus' decision. Faustus is haunted by the thought that he is damned. He thinks that he would have killed himself by now if he had not been able to conjure up Homer to sing and soothe him. Now he asks Mephistophilis to argue about theoretical matters. Faustus is not satisfied with the things that Mephistophilis is able to tell him and maintains that even Wagner knows the answers to such questions. He now wants to know about the power behind the universe and who made the world. Mephistophilis tries to get him to think of hell and other things rather than about these heavier philosophical matters. Faustus cries out for Christ to save him, and at this moment, Lucifer himself appears. Lucifer reminds him that he is breaking his promise by thinking on Christ. He tells Faustus that he has brought some entertainment to divert him. The seven deadly sins — pride, covetousness, wrath, envy, gluttony, sloth, and lechery — appear before Faustus in the representation of their individual sin or nature. Faustus is delighted with the show and Lucifer hands him a book and promises to return at midnight. After everyone leaves, Wagner appears and says that Faustus has gone to Rome to see the pope. In this scene, we see for the first time a definite change in Faustus. He begins to repent of his pact with the devil. In a reversal of their roles, Mephistophilis now chides Faustus for his lack of resolution, whereas in a previous scene, Faustus had to reprimand Mephistophilis for not being resolute enough. The manner in which Mephistophilis tries to convince Faustus is an instance of logic. He says that humanity is better than heaven because earth "'twas made for man, therefore is man more excellent." Note again that the Good Angel and the Evil Angel appear to Faustus at this point — that is, when he is once again in doubt about his decision. As previously, Faustus follows the path of the Evil Angel. Faustus is torn between two poles of belief which attract him. He desires to have the beauty of the classical world as represented by Homer and in a later scene by Helen, but at the same time he also wants to keep the best of the Christian tradition. Consequently, we have Christianity and classicism juxtaposed in these scenes; they are part of the tension in Faustus' mind. This tension also existed in the Renaissance world, which was interested both in the Hellenistic (Greek) world and the Christian world. The Renaissance tried to unify divergent interests in these two worlds. According to the traditional Christian view, Faustus is now tempted by another sin — that of suicide. Faustus' first sin had been to deny God. Then he also fell into the sin of despair, wherein he lost hope for redemption. In this scene, he considers suicide, which is another cardinal sin. As Faustus begins to demand deeper knowledge from Mephistophilis, he desires to know about the primary cause of the world, but Mephistophilis is unable to answer him. At every point when Faustus begins to question the universe or whenever Faustus begins to think about heavenly things, Mephistophilis tells him to "think on hell." Originally, Faustus made the pact in order to learn about the primal causes of the world; therefore, Mephistophilis is unable to fulfill his part of the bargain. Second, whenever Faustus brings up these questions, Mephistophilis tries to divert him because he possibly knows that thoughts of heaven would allow Faustus to break his contract with Lucifer. It is a highly dramatic moment when Lucifer himself appears on the stage. Faustus maintains that Lucifer looks extremely ugly, and again the implication is that hell is ugly. At the crucial moments when Faustus wavers, the devils always try to divert him in some sensual manner. When Faustus begins to question Mephistophilis about primeval causes, the devils try to take his mind off these noble questions and force him to think about carnal matters. Consequently, in this scene the powers of hell divert Faustus by bringing forth the seven deadly sins to entertain Faustus and to remove all these troublesome questions from his mind. The appearance of the seven deadly sins is a holdover from the morality plays and becomes another type of interlude in the play. Furthermore, the manner in which they describe themselves is somewhat comic. Whereas in a morality play the seven deadly sins would be paraded before the main character as a warning to abstain from evil, in Doctor Faustus they are presented to Faustus only to delight and distract him from heavenly thoughts. The seven deadly sins do have a philosophical significance and do carry forward the intellectual meaning of the plot, but they also function to appeal to the general audience, who would find entertainment in the grotesque physical appearance of these awesome creatures. Immediately after the appearance of these seven deadly sins, Faustus says "O, this feeds my soul!" Previous to this scene, Faustus had used the same metaphor of eating to express his great hunger for knowledge and power, and now this metaphor is used to show how low Faustus has fallen when the dreadful show of the sins can satisfy his soul. At the end of the scene, Wagner enters and takes over the function of the chorus by making expository explanations, filling in background material, and letting the audience know that Faustus has now flown to Rome, where he will meet with the pope.

<urn:uuid:9929c700-3904-4df2-b8ea-02b26288d2df>

CC-MAIN-2018-39

https://www.cliffsnotes.com/literature/d/doctor-faustus/summary-and-analysis/scene-6

s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2018-39/segments/1537267156513.14/warc/CC-MAIN-20180920140359-20180920160759-00159.warc.gz

en

You’re having a panic attack. It feels like an elephant is sitting on your chest. You’re short of breath and gasping for air. You want to breathe as hard as you can but this is the worst thing you could do. That’s why you need a technique called diaphragmatic breathing. Diaphragmatic breathing means deep breathing. When you have a panic attack, your heart is racing and adrenaline is pumping through your body. Your breath speeds up and you try to gulp in lots of air by taking short, quick breaths. This makes you feel lightheaded and dizzy, which makes you more alarmed, which makes you breathe harder, and so on (see the diagram below). You need to take control with your diaphragm. The diaphragm sounds like a character from Greek mythology but it’s really the muscle below your ribs. It helps you to take full, deep breaths. And most importantly, it counteracts panicked breathing, which is fast and shallow. Guided MP3s For Diaphragmatic Breathing - (Note that you do not need to sign up for dropbox, the server that hosts these files, in order to download them). - Introduction to diaphragmatic breathing. - Planned Practice – This track provides basic guidance on proper breathing. Set up a time and listen to this track often. It’s the preparation you do on a daily basis. The planned practice is also a great tool for general stress relief not just panic attack. - During a Panic Attack – This track help you when you have a panic attack. You can listen when you’re not stressed to get the hang of it but you can also listen during an attack if possible. Even if you aren’t a panicked breather, diaphragmatic breathing is a great relaxation techniques for anyone. Why Practice Even If You Don’t Panic - You may not breathe with your diaphragm when you’re stressed or panicked. - You can improve the efficiency of your breathing with practice. - Regular diaphragmatic breathing is a stress-management technique that can help stress, anxiety, depression, and lower your blood pressure. Are You A Chest or Diaphragm Breather? - Sit upright. - Put one hand on your chest and one hand on your belly. - Breathe normally. - Which hand moves the most? This is your dominant way of breathing. - If you’re having trouble feeling the breath, lay on the floor and try again. Instructions To Put Your Diaphragm To Work The Vacuum Technique - Blow out a little more air than usual through your mouth. (Create a vacuum in your lungs). - Hold your breath for a couple seconds. - Breathe in by letting the air fill your lungs. (Let the vacuum suck in the air). - Your stomach should pop out. - You shouldn’t work to breathe in. You’ve created a vacuum and you’re just allowing the vacuum to suck in air. - If it’s not working, you may be forcing the breath with your lungs (the hand on your chest will move in this case). - Just relax. Let the air come in. (The hand on your stomach will move). Fight The Urge To Breathe Hard Obviously, breathing during a panic attack is the hardest time. The urge will be to work to catch your breath, to breathe to get over the panic attack. You have to slow down: breathe more slowly, talk more slowly, pause between breathes, and use your stomach not your chest. Remind yourself that you won’t pass out – that’s just the fear talking. This is an effective tool but it only works to the extent that you put time and energy into it. As you do this, you’ll find it easier and easier to breathe in a natural, fuller way and kick that damn elephant off your chest. Photo by Internet Archive Book Images

<urn:uuid:740f6b56-1c04-4188-a917-9af29cdc55c2>

CC-MAIN-2018-39

https://www.createmeaningfulchange.org/breathing-that-helps-panic-and-anxiety/

s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2018-39/segments/1537267156513.14/warc/CC-MAIN-20180920140359-20180920160759-00159.warc.gz

en

In the first lesson I learned that Databases are generally organized into individual entries or records of data, each of which include certain categories of data or fields. Records would be individual words and fields would be how it is pronounced or spelled. In the second week with, I learned that a database can be used to look up individual plants not only by scientific name and common name, but by the various plant characteristics. In the 3rd lesson, I learned that there is case sensitivity for example "home" is different from "Home" which are both different from "HOME". Also a wildcard search symbol is a *. The fourth week I learned that The Dublin Core has a basic set of 15 Metadata Elements and they are: Title, Creator, Subject, Description, Publisher, Contributor, Date, Type, Format, Identifier, Source , Language, Relation, Coverage , and Rights. The fifth lesson I learned that in a spreadsheet you have the option to filter data. This will temporarily remove unwanted records from view. The records still exist, the filter just needs to be removed in order to bring the records back. The sixth lesson I learned that, different types of charts are better suited for data. For Instance if showing data on a percentage, it would be better to use a pie chart. I also learned that some data could be misrepresented and that too much data can confuse a person looking at a chart. In the next week we learned about record management. I learned how important records were… How do computer viruses spread and in what ways do they affect computers? Muhammad A. Khan Computer viruses spread and in many ways they affect computers. A computer virus is a program written to enter your computer system and "infect" it by installing or modifying files or establishing itself in memory. Some viruses are benign and won't harm your system, while others are destructive and can damage or destroy your data. Computer viruses usually spread in one of following ways: from removable media;… DIRECTIONS: Watch the YouTube videos from the links on this worksheet. Answer the questions and/or complete the task below. Before each video plays, there is an advertisement. Feel free to skip. LESSON 1: Excel Interface 1 (Starting Excel, Title Bar, Window Controls, File tab) 1. How may Window Control buttons are in Excel? There are two sets of minimize, maximize… INTRODUCTION TO COMPUTER IT-100 FINAL PROJECT I choose a notebook computer over a desktop computer and a tablet computer because it’s portable and stationary, has a keyboard and a monitor and is powered by batteries. My decision is based on needs, price, and similarity. A notebook computer will help me get my work done not only for school but for business purpose as well. Notebook computers are portable, thin, and lightweight. They also take up less space and are easier to transport from room… delivery or Oakton’s Student Registration System. An interesting fact about this device A device for enter characters at the location on the screen. Most of computers including students’ laptops. Oakton’s Student Registration System Now even tablet pc(portable computers and mobiles) also able to use keyboard. A pointing device for moves around and click icons at the location on the screen Most of computers: any offices or houses. I used for ball mouse 8 years ago… life can be a bit busy with young children playing and going around the house. The normal household activities like cell phones and TV’s are always around you making noise. People tend to think that online classes can wait since they are on your computer, they don’t always understand the deadlines are the same, you just don’t have travel time to deal with. 3. What actions can you take to manage and eliminate distractions? If necessary leave your home and go to a quiet book store or coffee… Computers The Most Helpful Tool Of Technology The computer was not originally invented for the things we use it for today but out of the need to solve a number-crunching crisis. By 1880 the U.S population had grown so large that it took over seven years to tabulate the U.S census results. In a search for a faster way to get the job done, a punch card system was developed by Herman Hollerith which calculated the U.S census in three years. Earlier computers were… Table of Contents A REPORT ABOUT THE SUPPLY OF 6OO TABLET FOR STUDENT AND 30 FOR LECTURERE AT THAMES GATEWAY ACADEMY.2 2. OBJECTIVE 2 3. USER'S NEEDS2 5. REVIEWING FOUR TABLETS3 5.1 Tablet 13 5.2 Tablet 24 5.3 Tablet 34 6. COMPARING THE THREE TABLETS5 11. APPENDIX A6 12. APPENDIX B6 13. APPENDIX C6 A REPORT ABOUT THE SUPPLY OF 6OO TABLET FOR STUDENT AND 30 FOR LECTURERE AT THAMES… 500GB or 1TB hard drive, 256GB solid-state drive, or 1TB Fusion Drive; Mac mini with OS X Server: two 1TB hard drives or one or two 256GB solid-state drive Cost: $599 and up Computers are everywhere in today’s work place, for example I choose 3 professions that heavily dependent on computers to complete task list as follows: Graphic design or photographer: Though im a pc man myself I would have to say that ENVY phoenix and the MacBook pro are tied as far as being great for these… the Center for Writing Excellence via the Phoenix Library seem as though they will be useful, especially for creative writing and non-research papers, because I have the most technical ability in essays and research papers. What is your personal learning style (refer to the Ch. 1 Aplia homework)? Based on the book, I am watchful or visual learner. I learn best when I am observing someone. I always describe myself as a visual learner. During high school, whenever we took notes I always need to have…

<urn:uuid:e052920f-9c82-42ca-a69a-a02d243267c1>

CC-MAIN-2018-39

https://www.majortests.com/essay/Learning-About-Computers-599093.html

s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2018-39/segments/1537267156513.14/warc/CC-MAIN-20180920140359-20180920160759-00159.warc.gz

en