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en | Naloxone reverses the antihypertensive effect of clonidine . | [
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en | In unanesthetized , spontaneously hypertensive rats the decrease in blood pressure and heart rate produced by intravenous clonidine , 5 to 20 micrograms / kg , was inhibited or reversed by nalozone , 0 . | [
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en | 2 to 2 mg / kg . | [] |
en | The hypotensive effect of 100 mg / kg alpha-methyldopa was also partially reversed by naloxone . | [
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en | Naloxone alone did not affect either blood pressure or heart rate . | [
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en | In brain membranes from spontaneously hypertensive rats clonidine , 10 (- 8 ) to 10 (- 5 ) M , did not influence stereoselective binding of [3H]-naloxone ( 8 nM ), and naloxone , 10 (- 8 ) to 10 (- 4 ) M , did not influence clonidine - suppressible binding of [3H]-dihydroergocryptine ( 1 nM ). These findings indicate t... | [
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en | As naloxone and clonidine do not appear to interact with the same receptor site , the observed functional antagonism suggests the release of an endogenous opiate by clonidine or alpha-methyldopa | [
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en | Lidocaine - induced cardiac asystole . | [
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en | Intravenous administration of a single 50 - mg bolus of lidocaine in a 67 - year - old man resulted in profound depression of the activity of the sinoatrial and atrioventricular nodal pacemakers . | [
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en | The patient had no apparent associated conditions which might have predisposed him to the development of bradyarrhythmias ; and , thus , this probably represented a true idiosyncrasy to lidocaine | [
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en | Suxamethonium infusion rate and observed fasciculations . | [
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en | A dose - response study . | [] |
en | Suxamethonium chloride ( Sch ) was administered i . | [
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en | v . | [] |
en | to 36 adult males at six rates : 0 . | [] |
en | 25 mg s - 1 to 20 mg s - 1 . | [] |
en | The infusion was discontinued either when there was no muscular response to tetanic stimulation of the ulnar nerve or when Sch 120 mg was exceeded . | [
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en | Six additional patients received a 30 - mg i . | [] |
en | v . | [] |
en | bolus dose . | [] |
en | Fasciculations in six areas of the body were scored from 0 to 3 and summated as a total fasciculation score . | [
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en | The times to first fasciculation , twitch suppression and tetanus suppression were inversely related to the infusion rates . | [
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en | Fasciculations in the six areas and the total fasciculation score were related directly to the rate of infusion . | [
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en | Total fasciculation | [
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en | Galanthamine hydrobromide , a longer acting anticholinesterase drug , in the treatment of the central effects of scopolamine ( Hyoscine ). Galanthamine hydrobromide , an anticholinesterase drug capable of penetrating the blood - brain barrier , was used in a patient demonstrating central effects of scopolamine ( hyosci... | [
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en | It is longer acting than physostigmine and is used in anaesthesia to reverse the non - depolarizing neuromuscular block . | [
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en | However , studies into the dose necessary to combating scopolamine | [
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en | Effects of uninephrectomy and high protein feeding on lithium - induced chronic renal failure in rats . | [
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en | Rats with lithium - induced nephropathy were subjected to high protein ( HP ) feeding , uninephrectomy ( NX ) or a combination of these , in an attempt to induce glomerular hyperfiltration and further progression of renal failure . | [
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en | Newborn female Wistar rats were fed a lithium - containing diet ( 50 mmol / kg ) for 8 weeks and then randomized to normal diet , HP diet ( 40 vs . | [
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en | 19 %), NX or HP + NX for another 8 weeks . | [] |
en | Corresponding non - lithium pretreated groups were generated . | [
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en | When comparing all lithium treated versus non - lithium - treated groups , lithium caused a reduction in glomerular filtration rate ( GFR ) without significant changes in effective renal plasma flow ( as determined by a marker secreted into the proximal tubules ) or lithium clearance . | [
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en | Consequently , lithium pretreatment caused a fall in filtration fraction and an increase in fractional Li excretion . | [
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en | Lithium also caused proteinuria and systolic hypertension in absence of glomerulosclerosis . | [
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en | HP failed to accentuante progression of renal failure and in fact tended to increase GFR and decrease plasma creatinine levels in lithium pretreated rats . | [
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en | NX caused an additive deterioration in GFR which , however , was ameliorated by HP . | [] |
en | NX + HP caused a further rise in blood pressure in Li - pretreated rats . | [
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en | The results indicate that Li - induced nephropathy , even when the GFR is only modestly reduced , is associated with proteinuria and arterial systolic hypertension . | [
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en | In this model of chronic renal failure | [
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en | Treatment of Crohn's disease with fusidic acid : an antibiotic with immunosuppressive properties similar to cyclosporin . | [
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en | Fusidic acid is an antibiotic with T - cell specific immunosuppressive effects similar to those of cyclosporin . | [
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en | Because of the need for the development of new treatments for Crohn's disease , a pilot study was undertaken to estimate the pharmacodynamics and tolerability of fusidic acid treatment in chronic active , therapy - resistant patients . | [
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en | Eight Crohn's disease patients were included . | [
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en | Fusidic acid was administered orally in a dose of 500 mg t . | [
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en | d . | [] |
en | s . | [] |
en | and the treatment was planned to last 8 weeks . | [] |
en | The disease activity was primarily measured by a modified individual grading score . | [] |
en | Five of 8 patients ( 63 %) improved during fusidic acid treatment : 3 at two weeks and 2 after four weeks . | [
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en | There were no serious clinical side effects , but dose reduction was required in two patients because of nausea . | [
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] |
en | Biochemically , an increase in alkaline phosphatases was noted in 5 of 8 cases ( 63 %), and the greatest increases were seen in those who had elevated levels prior to treatment . | [] |
en | All reversed to pre - treatment levels after cessation of treatment . | [] |
en | The results of this pilot study suggest that fusidic acid may be of benefit in selected chronic active Crohn's disease patients in whom conventional treatment is ineffective . | [
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en | Because there seems to exist a scientific rationale for the use of fusidic acid at the cytokine level in inflammatory bowel disease | [
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en | Electrocardiographic evidence of myocardial injury in psychiatrically hospitalized cocaine abusers . | [
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en | The electrocardiograms ( ECG ) of 99 cocaine - abusing patients were compared with the ECGs of 50 schizophrenic controls . | [
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en | Eleven of the cocaine abusers and none of the controls had ECG evidence of significant myocardial injury defined as myocardial infarction , ischemia , and bundle branch block | [
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en | Sulpiride - induced tardive dystonia . | [
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en | Sulpiride is a selective D2 - receptor antagonist with antipsychotic and antidepressant properties . | [
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en | Although initially thought to be free of extrapyramidal side effects , sulpiride - induced tardive dyskinesia and parkinsonism have been reported occasionally . | [
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en | We studied a 37 - year - old man who developed persistent segmental dystonia within 2 months after starting sulpiride therapy . | [
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en | We could not find any previous reports of sulpiride - induced tardive dystonia | [
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en | Ocular and auditory toxicity in hemodialyzed patients receiving desferrioxamine . | [
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en | During an 18 - month period of study 41 hemodialyzed patients receiving desferrioxamine ( 10 - 40 mg / kg BW / 3 times weekly ) for the first time were monitored for detection of audiovisual toxicity . | [
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en | 6 patients presented clinical symptoms of visual or auditory toxicity . | [
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en | Moreover , detailed ophthalmologic and audiologic studies disclosed abnormalities in 7 more asymptomatic patients . | [] |
en | Visual toxicity was of retinal origin and was characterized by a tritan - type dyschromatopsy , sometimes associated with a loss of visual acuity and pigmentary retinal deposits . | [
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en | Auditory toxicity was characterized by a mid - to high - frequency neurosensorial hearing loss and the lesion was of the cochlear type . | [
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en | Desferrioxamine withdrawal resulted in a complete recovery of visual function in 1 patient and partial recovery in 3 , and a complete reversal of hearing loss in 3 patients and partial recovery in 3 . | [
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en | This toxicity appeared in patients receiving the higher doses of desferrioxamine or coincided with the normalization of ferritin or aluminium serum levels . | [
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en | The data indicate that audiovisual toxicity is not an infrequent complication in hemodialyzed patients receiving desferrioxamine | [
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en | Myasthenia gravis presenting as weakness after magnesium administration . | [
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en | We studied a patient with no prior history of neuromuscular disease who became virtually quadriplegic after parenteral magnesium administration for preeclampsia . | [
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en | The serum magnesium concentration was 3 . | [
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] |
en | 0 mEq / L , which is usually well tolerated . | [] |
en | The magnesium was stopped and she recovered over a few days . | [
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en | While she was weak , 2 - Hz repetitive stimulation revealed a decrement without significant facilitation at rapid rates or after exercise , suggesting postsynaptic neuromuscular blockade . | [
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"value": "postsynaptic neuromuscular blockade"
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en | After her strength returned , repetitive stimulation was normal , but single fiber EMG revealed increased jitter and blocking . | [] |
en | Her acetylcholine receptor antibody level was markedly elevated . | [
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en | Although paralysis after magnesium administration has been described in patients with known myasthenia gravis , it has not previously been reported to be the initial or only manifestation of the disease . | [
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en | Patients who are unusually sensitive to the neuromuscular effects of magnesium should be suspected of having an underlying disorder of neuromuscular transmission | [
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en | Chloroacetaldehyde and its contribution to urotoxicity during treatment with cyclophosphamide or ifosfamide . | [
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en | An experimental study / short communication . | [] |
en | Based on clinical data , indicating that chloroacetaldehyde ( CAA ) is an important metabolite of oxazaphosphorine cytostatics , an experimental study was carried out in order to elucidate the role of CAA in the development of hemorrhagic cystitis . | [
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en | The data demonstrate that CAA after i . | [
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}
] |
en | v . | [] |
en | administration does not contribute to bladder damage . | [
{
"start": 38,
"end": 52,
"label": "Disease",
"value": "bladder damage"
}
] |
en | When instilled directly into the bladder , CAA exerts urotoxic effects , it is , however , susceptible to detoxification with mesna | [
{
"start": 43,
"end": 46,
"label": "Chemical",
"value": "CAA"
},
{
"start": 126,
"end": 131,
"label": "Chemical",
"value": "mesna"
}
] |
en | Source of pain and primitive dysfunction in migraine : an identical site ? Twenty common migraine patients received a one sided frontotemporal application of nitroglycerin ( 10 patients ) or placebo ointment ( 10 patients ) in a double blind study . | [
{
"start": 10,
"end": 14,
"label": "Disease",
"value": "pain"
},
{
"start": 44,
"end": 52,
"label": "Disease",
"value": "migraine"
},
{
"start": 89,
"end": 97,
"label": "Disease",
"value": "migraine"
},
{
"start": 158,
"end": 171,
"label": "Che... |
en | Early onset migraine attacks were induced by nitroglycerin in seven out of 10 patients versus no patient in the placebo group . | [
{
"start": 12,
"end": 20,
"label": "Disease",
"value": "migraine"
},
{
"start": 45,
"end": 58,
"label": "Chemical",
"value": "nitroglycerin"
}
] |
en | Subsequently 20 migraine patients , who developed an early onset attack with frontotemporal nitroglycerin , received the drug in a second induction test at other body areas . | [
{
"start": 16,
"end": 24,
"label": "Disease",
"value": "migraine"
},
{
"start": 92,
"end": 105,
"label": "Chemical",
"value": "nitroglycerin"
}
] |
en | No early onset migraine was observed . | [
{
"start": 15,
"end": 23,
"label": "Disease",
"value": "migraine"
}
] |
en | Thus the migraine - inducing effect of nitroglycerin seems to depend on direct stimulation of the habitual site of pain , suggesting that the frontotemporal region is of crucial importance in the development of a migraine crisis . | [
{
"start": 9,
"end": 17,
"label": "Disease",
"value": "migraine"
},
{
"start": 39,
"end": 52,
"label": "Chemical",
"value": "nitroglycerin"
},
{
"start": 115,
"end": 119,
"label": "Disease",
"value": "pain"
},
{
"start": 213,
"end": 221,
"label... |
en | This is not consistent with a CNS origin of migraine | [
{
"start": 44,
"end": 52,
"label": "Disease",
"value": "migraine"
}
] |
en | Clotiazepam - induced acute hepatitis . | [
{
"start": 0,
"end": 11,
"label": "Chemical",
"value": "Clotiazepam"
},
{
"start": 28,
"end": 37,
"label": "Disease",
"value": "hepatitis"
}
] |
en | We report the case of a patient who developed acute hepatitis with extensive hepatocellular necrosis , 7 months after the onset of administration of clotiazepam , a thienodiazepine derivative . | [
{
"start": 52,
"end": 61,
"label": "Disease",
"value": "hepatitis"
},
{
"start": 67,
"end": 100,
"label": "Disease",
"value": "extensive hepatocellular necrosis"
},
{
"start": 149,
"end": 160,
"label": "Chemical",
"value": "clotiazepam"
},
{
"start": 1... |
en | Clotiazepam withdrawal was followed by prompt recovery . | [
{
"start": 0,
"end": 11,
"label": "Chemical",
"value": "Clotiazepam"
}
] |
en | The administration of several benzodiazepines , chemically related to clotiazepam , did not interfere with recovery and did not induce any relapse of hepatitis . | [
{
"start": 30,
"end": 45,
"label": "Chemical",
"value": "benzodiazepines"
},
{
"start": 70,
"end": 81,
"label": "Chemical",
"value": "clotiazepam"
},
{
"start": 150,
"end": 159,
"label": "Disease",
"value": "hepatitis"
}
] |
en | This observation shows that clotiazepam can induce acute hepatitis and suggests that there is no cross hepatotoxicity between clotiazepam and several benzodiazepines | [
{
"start": 28,
"end": 39,
"label": "Chemical",
"value": "clotiazepam"
},
{
"start": 57,
"end": 66,
"label": "Disease",
"value": "hepatitis"
},
{
"start": 103,
"end": 117,
"label": "Disease",
"value": "hepatotoxicity"
},
{
"start": 126,
"end": 137,
... |
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