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I prepared a compound "$\ce{SO2}$-Quinolclathrate" by dissolving hydroquinone and sodium sulfite with hydrochloric acid in warm water.
After this, I tested a little sample of the product on a flame and it vaporised, following which I smelled the gas. I am supposed to define this gas and my prediction is that this coul... | stackexchange-chemistry |
Having looked at the various definitions of acids and bases and having refined my understanding of it after learning about the inadequacies of pKa and the novel use of the Hammett acidity function, I would like to ask if the bare proton is the strongest acid?
I would like to define "acid strength" not as the extent of... | stackexchange-chemistry |
My textbook says "Nowadays picric acid is prepared by treating phenol first with concentrated sulfuric acid which converts it to phenol-2,4-disulfuric acid and then with concentrated nitric acid to get 2,4,6-trinitrophenol"
My question: Why is this a better method than simply treating phenol with concentrated nitric ac... | stackexchange-chemistry |
The first column and fourth column of the table below says that the compound has the plane of symmetry and is not optically active. However, I noticed that each side has different arrangement of the H and Cl atoms. Does it still count as being symmetrical?
| stackexchange-chemistry |
I've been instructed to drink a 10-oz bottle of magnesium citrate saline solution, which label says has about 17.5g mag citrate in it. (1.74g/fl oz)
I prefer to make my own solution using a powdered product called Natural Calm, which has "350mg mangnesum (as magnesium carbonate)" per serving (2 tsp). (It also has citri... | stackexchange-chemistry |
So after researching thoroughly on multiple different sources about enthalpy (I'm not talking about the equation but the general concept), many credible sources seem to all contradict themselves.
For instance in a textbook published by Pearson, they define enthalpy as "the total heat content of a system". And other sou... | stackexchange-chemistry |
I have some PDB structures of small molecules with missing hydrogens. Is there a software available that places missing hydrogens and assigns a charge to the molecule that is reliable? I am looking for an automatic tool that returns a PDB with added Hydrogens and the overall charge (I can do some programming if I need ... | stackexchange-chemistry |
In the following reaction:
According to me we can use HSCH2CH2SH, followed by Raney Ni
But the answer is that we cannot achieve this conversion by that reagents . Why we cannot use them?
| stackexchange-chemistry |
I know how to calculate entropy change of the system but am not able to calculate entropy change for surroundings. The question is as follows:
Q: At $100°C$, water vapour at $1$ bar is in equilibrium with the liquid.
Given: $\ce{H2O}\mathrm{(l,1\,bar, 373\,K) } \to \ce{H2O}\mathrm{ (g,1\,bar,373\, K) }$ ;
$\Delta_{r} H... | stackexchange-chemistry |
Why does the reduction of naphthalene using $\ce{H2/Ni}$ lead to trans-decalin instead of cis-decalin?
I learned in high school that catalytic hydrogenations are always syn. Why is this inconsistent with what I learned?
| stackexchange-chemistry |
I'm doing an experiment to study the effects of heat on vitamin C content.
I planned to titrate DCPIP (2,6-Dichlorophenolindophenol, Tillmans' reagent) solution into a fixed volume of vitamin C solution heated at different temperatures.
Basically I thought, the more DCPIP I used, the higher the vitamin C content.
I ... | stackexchange-chemistry |
I ran in to a rice recipe that can reduce carbs and calories when adding coconut oil. The exact direction is that you 1. boil water 2. add coconut oil 3. cook rice as you normally would.
My question is, does it change the end result (end with less calories) if I add water, coconut oil, and rice at the same time?
| stackexchange-chemistry |
According to my textbook, for Raoult's law, we have:
$$μ_i(\mathrm{vap}) = μ_i^* (p_i^*,T) + RT \ln x_i$$
where $μ_i^* (p_i^*,T)$ is the chemical potential at $T$ and $p_i^*$, the pressure of pure $i$. So, when $x_i=1$, we have $μ_i (vap)=μ_i^* (p_i^*,T)$. That's okay and makes sense.
For Henry's law, we have:
$$μ_i(\... | stackexchange-chemistry |
I'm currently using Clayden's organic chemistry textbook, and when he shows MO diagrams of functional groups of organic molecules, he sometimes treated it as if only orbitals on two atoms are interacting. For example, the carbonyl chemistry is reduced to looking at the interaction between C and O orbitals. (For conjuga... | stackexchange-chemistry |
I'm confused about what is going on here. I gather that step 1 is typically supposed to protect an OH group, but there isn't any in the starting material.
| stackexchange-chemistry |
I have been working on some detergent formulations and some specifications call for "super triple phosphate". The problem is that the formulations generally require all the inputs to be water soluble and in my experiments with "super triple phosphate" purchased naively, it is not a soluble substance.
So, in other words... | stackexchange-chemistry |
I'm trying to access the ZINC15 and ZINC20 databases but I've been at it the whole morning and I can not figure out how to do it. I am not that experienced with programming so maybe there's something obvious I'm missing.
If I try to download larger chunks of data from here, I get all these weird file formats I don't kn... | stackexchange-chemistry |
In class we did a lab of adding blue crystals of copper(II)chloride into distilled water, the water turned blueish green,were the changes chemical or physical?
| stackexchange-chemistry |
I think this is a fairly straightforward question which I should know the answer to, but surprisingly cannot find a discussion of online.
Symmetry-adapted perturbation theory (SAPT) is a fairly common method to describe intermolecular interactions using physically meaningful terms (electrostatics, exchange, induction, ... | stackexchange-chemistry |
Wikipedia and other sites say that lithium metal is produced by making the electrolysis of a mixture of half lithium chloride and half potassium chloride "at about 450°C"... What is the chemical reaction of this electro-chemical reaction?
| stackexchange-chemistry |
Consider compounds $\ce{CHCl3}$ and $\ce{CBrCl3}$: Which compound has the larger dipole moment? Explain your choice.
Okay, so I've been trying to figure it out and I thought dipole moment had to do with electronegativity but now I'm not sure.
| stackexchange-chemistry |
I am trying to find places where I can have accurate bond angles of certain molecules such as $\ce{F2Se}$, $\ce{Cl2S}$, or even $\ce{S2Se}. I have looked everywhere and have found only 3 sources that give me reliable and accurate bond angles but I need a couple more.
So far I have the databases I have consulted are:
M... | stackexchange-chemistry |
My experiment involves a reaction of magnesium in ribbon form with that of carbon dioxide. I know that the product shall be magnesium oxide (white powder) and carbon (black powder) but I do not know what kind of carbon it actually is (allotrope, purity, etc.)
It would also help if you can suggest a method for separatin... | stackexchange-chemistry |
We have been doing barrel-type copper plating on small parts, and all of a sudden there is an increase of copper plating discoloration after copper plating. The color shifts from bright orange (good) to reddish purple and brown, and finally to black in less than 12 hours. I know that oxides of copper are causing this c... | stackexchange-chemistry |
I'm wondering if the chemicals involved in the Belousov-Zhabotinsky reaction would be at all poisonous. If at all, do you know of another similar oscillating reaction that could safely be ingested?
[Edit] Seriously, I was wondering if it would be possible to invent a candy that changes flavors in waves. I know Turing c... | stackexchange-chemistry |
Apparently this video is a reaction of $\ce{NH4Cr2O7}$ with $\ce{HgSCN}$.
The title of the video suggests the reaction opens a portal to hell, but I am pretty sure that is not the case.
What exactly goes on in the reaction?
| stackexchange-chemistry |
I am testing now some doped N and S doped carbon nanomaterials alone and immobilized in POM for the purpose of developing a nanocomposite that can serve as an electrocatalyst for energy-related reactions in order to replace Pt.
The purpose in this work is for the reaction to proceed in 1 step, which means to have a 4 e... | stackexchange-chemistry |
I was studying hydroboration from Clayden's Organic Chemistry [1, p. 1281] and the transition state had “‡” symbol in the upper right corner of the activated complex:
We know that this is not the whole story because of the stereochemistry. Hydroboration is a syn addition across the alkene. As the addition of the empty... | stackexchange-chemistry |
I get cold water from my tap and put it in my water bottle. Over the day as I drink it, the water looses it coldness and slowly becomes warmer.
On the other hand, if I get hot water (maybe I'm sick or something), over the day it doesn't turn "cold", but it definitely does get "less hotter"
Why?
Is this because of equi... | stackexchange-chemistry |
I'm finally getting around to beginning to test this deep eutectic electrolyte. I mixed choline chloride with urea in a 1:2 mole ratio in a glass container. It formed a sludge. I sealed the container and then came back two days later to begin electrolysis and the mixture had formed a hard solid!
The whole time the m... | stackexchange-chemistry |
My friend sent me this for his homework, and I haven't done a titration calculation in years.
A student titrated $\pu{10.00 mL}$ aliquots of her unknown amino acid solution with standard $\pu{0.1521 M}$ $\ce{NaOH}$ and with $\pu{0.0986 M}$ $\ce{HCl}$. No inflection points were observed with the $\ce{HCl}$ titrations b... | stackexchange-chemistry |
I'm a novice at chemistry. I've heard that an acid needs water to show its acidic properties, that's why nitric acid needs to be associated with water to show its acidic properties:
$$\ce{HNO3 + H2O <=> NO3- + H3O+}$$
$\ce{H+}$ does not exist freely and is always associated with another molecule like $\ce{H2O}$.
But t... | stackexchange-chemistry |
"Based on Figure 13.18, you might think that the reason volatile solvent molecules in a solution are less likely to escape to the gas phase, compared to the pure solvent, is that the solute molecules are physically blocking the solvent molecules from leaving at the surface. This is a common misconception. Design an exp... | stackexchange-chemistry |
Why does N,N-dimethyl-1-phenylmethanamine (the left molecule in the picture) undergo hydrogenolysis of the C–N bond readily while 2-methyl-1,2,3,4-tetrahydroisoquinoline (right) doesn't react at all?
| stackexchange-chemistry |
This is following a question on Skeptics Stackexchange, where apparently medical science claims that activated charcoal can adsorb poison when ingested.
One of the members posted a related question on this forum asking about burnt toast having properties of activated charcoal.
Although the question on the toast isn't a... | stackexchange-chemistry |
Nitrogen dioxide (NO2) is a reddish brown molecule, while its dimer nitrogen tetroxide (N2O4) is colorless. Can you give a reasonably detailed explanation for this from electronic structure theory?
Previous queries were not answered because the question posed was deemed to be too broad.
| stackexchange-chemistry |
I know that to perform a chemical test for $\ce{H2}$ we have to take a burning candle flame near to the mouth of the test tube and a blue flame with a characteristic pop sound confirms the presence of hydrogen. But my question is that, is there any other chemical test for hydrogen except this one with a pop sound?
| stackexchange-chemistry |
I had ordered both Marquis and Ehrlich's reagents from a manufacturer and they came in eye dropper like bottles inside of prescription pill like bottles. The perscription pill bottles also had cotton like strips inside them which I am assuming help absorb leakage. I put both these perscription pill bottles together ins... | stackexchange-chemistry |
the oxidation state of E in Eo2 and Eo3 is +4 and +6 respectively ...then how can both of them be acidic ?
| stackexchange-chemistry |
What can cause course salt to melt? If you put it on a flat surface, can it melt on its own into water? What causes this reaction to make the salt melt?
| stackexchange-chemistry |
They will both have the same number of valence electrons, but $\ce{F-}$ is more electronegative. Why is it not the case that $\ce{Mg^2+}$ has a bigger radius than $\ce{F-}$?
| stackexchange-chemistry |
How does the acquisition time changes between $\ce{^{13}C}$–decoupled NMR experiment vs a $\ce{^{13}C}$–coupled?
Would the acquisition time be longer if a decoupling of the protons (H) is carried out?
| stackexchange-chemistry |
In your opinion, what would be the simplest way to balance any size of the chemical equation?
For example here is an equation: $$\ce{C12H26 + O2 -> CO2 + H2O}$$
I saw some ways by putting letters in front of each molecule, but I just don't get too much how to do this with this method! My teacher is always speaking a... | stackexchange-chemistry |
If you look up the above CAS numbers, you will sometimes find this structure:
which, I think correctly, our chemistry validation software tags as 'bad valence'.
In other websites you will find the structure without any bond between N and B:
https://www.chemspider.com/Chemical-Structure.22439675.html?rid=0012f539-17bd-... | stackexchange-chemistry |
I know calcium ammonium nitrate (CAN) is used for cold packs. By bending a small metal plate the salt gets dissolved in water (separated pack) and this process is endothermic.
I would like to heat this calcium ammonium nitrate solution to get back anhydrous CAN. Is there a way I can do it without safety issues?
Sourc... | stackexchange-chemistry |
This question is a follow-up to a recent question on discodermolide stereochemistry that I answered here. In the course of reading IUPAC's definition of "stereogenic center", I wondered if axially chiral molecules such as BINOL have a "stereogenic unit" according to IUPAC.
The part of IUPAC's definition that may (or m... | stackexchange-chemistry |
I have a solution that contains M9 Minimal Media 5X, Glucose, Magnesium Sulfate, Calcium Chloride and L-Phenylalanine. When the solution is pH'd to 8.5 with 4M Sodium Hydroxide, it starts to precipitate. What is the causing the solution to precipitate?
| stackexchange-chemistry |
We've learnt about the trans effect but I have a question regarding how this plays a role with water in the equation.
trans-effect:
$$\ce{H2O < NH3 < Cl-}$$
Based on this, given cis-$\ce{[Pt(NH3)2Cl2]}$, if you were to add water to form a dicationic complex, would a substituion reaction occur between all the substituen... | stackexchange-chemistry |
Based on my knowledge, lattice energy is proportional to the multiplication of the charge of the ions, divided by the sum of the radius of ions, as follows:
$$\text{Lattice energy} \propto \dfrac{q_+ \cdot q_-}{r_+ + r_-}$$
Since iodide has a larger radius than fluoride, by this equation lithium iodide would have less ... | stackexchange-chemistry |
Why is it Impossible do use a Dean Stark Montage if our reactives are more volatile than the mixture (H20 + Toluene for example)
| stackexchange-chemistry |
Why is the ortho position on a benzene ring next to the primary carbon and not in the opposite position, as ortho means "straight", not "next to" as in para?
| stackexchange-chemistry |
A narrow-necked volumetric flask with a capacity of 200mL has an uncertainty of ±0.150mL so should the number of significant figures after the decimal point in my final answer be three or two?
| stackexchange-chemistry |
In our teaching lab, we were posed with the following question as an exersize:
If the boiling points of two compounds differ by $\pu{50 ^\circ C}$ at atmospheric pressure, what will be the effect on the relationship by decreasing the pressure to $\pu{1 mm}$ (no number, just a general process)?
I did not find much inf... | stackexchange-chemistry |
It is not hard to observe the anomalously flat regions at Pr-Pm and Dy-Er in the trend of IE3 of lanthanides:, each described as the "first quarter" and "third quarter". Why is this the case? I used to convince myself this has something to do with the orbital and total angular momentum of the ground term symbols of the... | stackexchange-chemistry |
Recently I came across a question asking which compounds are anti-aromatic. This was one of the options:
I’m confused as this is not an answer. I think the lone pair electrons on the carbanion participate in resonance and so there are 8π electrons which, follows the 4nπ electrons rule for anti aromaticity.
So why is... | stackexchange-chemistry |
While studying organic chemistry, I came across two practice questions given by my professor:
Compare the acidic strength of:-
Maleic acid and Fumaric acid
o-nitrophenol and p-nitro phenol
And the answer and explanation were as follows-
while for the maleic acid qustion (my query is only pertaining to the first diss... | stackexchange-chemistry |
I have a system of two disubstituted cyclohexanes and I want to estimate the abundance/ratio of the two based on the J values and if possible, roughly estimate the difference in free energy.
To get the extreme values of the J constants I have been provided with the data from the system on the image below.
This is all... | stackexchange-chemistry |
In my textbook, "In the pure liquid state, a true electrolyte is a good conductor of electricity. In contrast, a potential electrolyte is a poor conductor in the pure liquid state."
definitions
"A true electrolyte consists of ions in the pure state. Most salts are true electrolytes. A crystal of NaCl, CuSO4, or MgS co... | stackexchange-chemistry |
Important conditions: stripping by air from water.
Hypothetical example: Let’s say if Henry’s constant is e.g. 0.005, everything below is non-volatile, everything above volatile.
The problem is I cannot find any study which determines which any constant that can tell me this compound is considered volatile, or not.
I a... | stackexchange-chemistry |
I was studying atomic orbitals and always had this question lingering.
As we can see in the image, the 1s and 2s subshells both are known to closely surround nucleus. The overlapping peaks in the graph (of probability vs radius) lead me to believe that the part region of 2s before the node should overlap with the reg... | stackexchange-chemistry |
I have a pH 10 NaOH solution. I need to bring down the pH to 9. So I used the $C_1V_1 = C_2V_2$ approach.
$C_1 = \mathrm{0.0001~mol/L}$
$V1$ is the necessary amount to produce 10 L of pH9
$C_2 = \mathrm{0.00001~mol/L}$
$V_2 = \mathrm{10~L}$
\begin{align}
C_1V_1 &= C_2V_2\\
0.0001~\mathrm{mol/L}\cdot V_1 &= 0.0000... | stackexchange-chemistry |
I was trying to assign weights to each state in a CASSCF PES scan using nroot=2 in Gaussian. I specified 0.500000 0.500000 at the end of .com file. But it caused the program to assign the weight for the first calculation only. All the rest points of the scan had weights 0 and 0, which I don't want to have. I referred t... | stackexchange-chemistry |
Which oxygen will form a stronger hydrogen bond , the one in water or the one in hydrogen peroxide ??
According to me , the one in peroxide will form the stronger H bond as the O here being less electronegative will be more willing to donate lone pair to an incoming dipole .
| stackexchange-chemistry |
I understand the exponential relationship between Ka and temperature, but I had expected it to be curving upwards(because of the $e^x$), and not like a log graph (where y-values increases slower for every increse in x-values). Can someone verify if this graph is legit? This graph is Ka(y-axis) against temperature in K... | stackexchange-chemistry |
Above $\pu{0 K}$ the atoms in a solid are vibrating. However, what kind of potential restores each atom in the starting position?
Consider the crystal lattice of NaCl. The potential energy of a $\ce{Na+}–\ce{Cl-}$ pair is
$$E(r) = -\frac{1}{4\pi \varepsilon_0}\frac{e^2M}{r^2} + \frac{B}{r^m},\tag{1}$$
where $M$ is the ... | stackexchange-chemistry |
During my Advanced Higher (secondary school) investigation, I reacted pure copper with concentrated nitric acid to acquire a copper nitrate solution. This was neutralised with excess sodium carbonate and brought back to a clear solution with ethanoic acid.
I then reacted the solution with potassium iodide in a conical... | stackexchange-chemistry |
Here in USA supermarkets often sell water in plastic 1 gallon jugs. These jugs seem to all be stamped with the text "HDPE" (meaning that the material is High-density polyethylene) and a resin number of "2" on the bottom.
I had one of these jugs, containing distilled water, on a counter in the kitchen, and another one i... | stackexchange-chemistry |
Recently, all the lawns in the apartment complex that I live in have had their lawns cut - giving that pleasant smell of freshly cut lawn.
Now, I am aware that the smell arises from a chemical distress signal from within the plant itself - are the chemicals from freshly cut lawn contributors to urban air pollution?
Rel... | stackexchange-chemistry |
I tried setting up a RICE chart with the initial conditions being:
$$\begin{array}{c|c} \hline
\text{Species} & \text{Concentration / M} \\
\hline
\ce{Cr^3+} & 0.010 \\
\ce{OH-} & 10^{-4.0} \\
\ce{Cr(OH)4-} & 0 \\ \hline
\end{array}$$
I'm assuming I should use the given $K_\mathrm{f}$ value for $\ce{Cr(OH)4-}$ ($8 \tim... | stackexchange-chemistry |
I was working in the lab preparing Tollens’ reagent. When I came back home, I observed that my fingertips were brown, and I tried to wash it with soap several times but it didn't work.
It has been a day and they don't seem to go.
What may have been the reason? Is it permanent and how can I get rid of it?
| stackexchange-chemistry |
If molecular hydrogen is dissociated, or two hydrogen atoms in space collide, how much energy (in $\pu{eV}$, or perhaps $\pu{kJ/mol}$) does it take for an $\ce{H_2}$ molecule to form?
| stackexchange-chemistry |
I need to compare the acidic strength in these molecules:
My Approach:
In compound I: Removing a proton would lead to conjugation between -ve charge, pi bond and lone pair of O. Moreover the inductive effect due to 'O' will stabilize the charge.
In compound II: Removing a proton(from the carbon adjacent to the pi bond... | stackexchange-chemistry |
In my book it is written that in order to minimize systematic error in Mohr method for argentometry it is a common procedure to conduct a blank titration with $ \mathrm{Ag^+} $ against a $\mathrm{CrO_{4}^{2-}}$ solution (with the same concentration of the original solution).
The book then suggests to subtract the $ \ma... | stackexchange-chemistry |
We had a meeting today and talked about solving some issues improving the quality of life of our worker.
We were talking about hexavalent chromium. We already deal with the welding fumes, but as I understand the red pigment that is on a stainless weld is one form of chromium oxide that is the toxic CR(6). So our metal ... | stackexchange-chemistry |
I want to extract elemental silicon from pure silicon dioxide powder.
From what I've read, one way to do it is by adding carbon from graphite at very high temperatures, which is difficult.
A better way to do it is to mix with magnesium powder and heat it to about $800 ^\circ \rm C$.
Some places mention the use of a h... | stackexchange-chemistry |
Physical changes are limited to changes that result in a difference in display without changing the composition.
(source)
e.g. melting water or dissolving sugar in water
Chemical reactions are the processes by which chemicals interact to form new chemicals with different compositions. (source)
e.g. burning $\ce{H... | stackexchange-chemistry |
Are metaphosphoric acid and phosphonic acid the same? I have been told that they're same BUT the structures online are different.
Metaphosphoric acid has formula: $\ce{(HPO3)_n}$
phosphonic acid has the formula: $\ce{H3PO3}$
Is this correct?
| stackexchange-chemistry |
I understand that religious discussion is not wanted here, but it's just the pretext to my question. I recently decided to read the Apocrypha. Sounded interesting. Anyway, when I got to The Book of Bel and The Dragon, there was this verse, which struck me as particularly interesting:
1:27 Then Daniel took pitch, and f... | stackexchange-chemistry |
I sometimes hear people talking about how we should replace coal burning plants with natural gas ones, to alleviate the case of particulate matter pollution. What exactly is the difference between coal fuel and natural gas that makes the latter seem "cleaner"?
| stackexchange-chemistry |
In making cast iron from pig iron - the cruder form of iron - coke and limestone are added to pig iron and scrap iron in a furnace. Cast iron is more refined form of iron and has lesser carbon content as well. What exactly occurs in this process of making cast iron - what reactions happen in the furnace? Why is coke ... | stackexchange-chemistry |
I have volume $V$ of gas $\ce{A}$ and an equal volume $V$ of gas $\ce{B}$ at room temperature and pressure. I mix, ignite, and find I have a gas (mixture of $\ce{A}$ and product $\ce{C}$) at room pressure, $325~ \mathrm{^\circ C}$, and total volume $3V$. What was the stoichiometry of the reaction?
\begin{align}
\te... | stackexchange-chemistry |
Only recently I learned that the pH of water varies with temperature, from about 7.47 at 0 °C to 6.14 at 100 °C.
My question is, first, is there a geometric explanation for this, in the sense that water can perhaps arrange itself in a way that partial bonding of oxygen to a third hydrogen can happen without simultaneou... | stackexchange-chemistry |
Chemical reagents are used for macroscopic identification of some wild mushrooms. Are there similar reagents used to identify Water Hemlock (or potentially cicutoxin) as a supplement to visual identification of this incredibly poisonous plant?
| stackexchange-chemistry |
I want to understand why hydroquinone and 3H-pyrrole can or cannot act as ligands in transition metal complexes. If they are ligands, then what is their denticity?
I'm trying to understand the overall co-ordination behaviour of these two molecules, so please consider all atoms and rings as possible electron donors.
... | stackexchange-chemistry |
In p-block elements, higher oxidation states are less stable down the group due to the inert pair effect. This is not the case for transition metals.
Why do heavier transition metals show higher oxidation states than lighter ones? Is the inert pair effect not valid for transition metals also?
| stackexchange-chemistry |
I have this task to do:
My solution:
Is that possible? Can you please help me with the steps 2 and 3?
This is what I did, but my teacher told me I should make the diketone (compound no. 5) from the starting compound (allyl bromide) by Grignard reaction:
| stackexchange-chemistry |
I am trying to form an enamine, and I was trying to figure out if the following reaction is possible:
Would this reaction terminate after the formation of the shown product, or will the other carbonyl also react, producing a final product with two enamine groups? If so, is it possible under any conditions to stop the ... | stackexchange-chemistry |
I think that galvanic cell produce current only one time without salt bridge. Potentional difference of both the electrodes are different and the electrons flow till their difference becomes same.Salt bridge is used to continue the reaction.
The cell can generate can generate current without salt bridge.Please help me ... | stackexchange-chemistry |
I am currently learning about Jahn–Teller effect. For elongation I wondered why the d orbitals with $z$ component are stabilised when the metal–ligand bonds are getting longer? I thought a longer bond would mean a less efficient overlap of the d orbital on the transition metal with the orbital on the ligand.
And if yes... | stackexchange-chemistry |
Source: Wikipedia
I am confused about the ammonium group in this molecule.
I can see that we have a nitrogen atom and 3 hydrogens. The group is attached to a carbon.
Nitrogen has atomic number 7 so my understanding is it can form up to 3 covalent bonds, and therefore cannot have covalent bonds with the carbon and all ... | stackexchange-chemistry |
What properties of wood make it useful for it to be in furniture?
| stackexchange-chemistry |
What is the final expression we get for wave number in a hydrogen emission spectrum? Let us say for example from 6 to an orbit $n$. Considering that it is an emission spectrum, I think it would be right to say $n<6$. And wave number is a positive quantity so I thought it would be $R_h(\frac{1}{n^2}-\frac{1}{36})$ and s... | stackexchange-chemistry |
What does being in "equilibrium" mean for a set of chemical reactions? If we have some number $n$ of $\ce{A}$ molecules and $m$ of $\ce{B},$ and the following reaction where $\ce{A}$ and $\ce{B}$ can reversibly bind:
$$
\begin{align}
\ce{A + B &->[$k_\mathrm{f}$] AB} \\
\ce{AB &->[$k_\mathrm{r}$] A + B}
\end{align}
$$
... | stackexchange-chemistry |
From what I can ascertain, the formulation of the chemical equilibrium constant is somewhat arbitrary. I don't understand the motivation for putting the stoichiometric coefficients in the exponents. This seems like you are double counting. For instance, if A -> 4B, for every mole of A that decomposes to B produces 4 m... | stackexchange-chemistry |
For instance in $$\ce{ Li2O (s) + 2HCl (aq) -> 2LiCl (aq) + H2O (l)}$$ I am wondering why the $\ce{Cl}$ displaces $\ce{Li}$ .I figure that oxygen is negatively charged as it pulls the electron from Lithium toward it, and that Chlorine is attracted to the lithium since chlorine is negatively charged, as itself has highe... | stackexchange-chemistry |
Сan acetone be used as a GC–MS solvent/diluent for a sample containing ammonia? Will there be a reaction between these two species?
| stackexchange-chemistry |
Reading that the large hadron collider will be up and running with twice as much energy in March 2015, I was curious whether our understanding of subatomic particles has changed our understanding of chemistry.
Edit: To attempt to narrow down the question to something with a definitive answer: has the discovery of subat... | stackexchange-chemistry |
I am having some trouble with certain steps in the mechanism below (from Mike Lu on Proteopedia) detailing the mechanism of action of pyruvate dehydrogenase converting pyruvate to acetyl-CoA. This reaction happens under the physiological conditions present in the human body ($\mathrm{p}H = 7.4, 37^{\circ}C$, 1 atm, var... | stackexchange-chemistry |
This is a question from the last year's semester examination.
Why is Trouton's rule not valid for liquids with boiling points less
than 150 K?
I searched the internet but only found that the exceptions mentioned include liquids with strong intermolecular attraction like hydrogen bonding and some similar cases. Can... | stackexchange-chemistry |
Please ELI5; I've never studied chemistry. I read about alkalinity v. basicity here and on Sciencing.com.
Lemons and limes are doubtless acidic.
Lime: The pH range of lime is 2.00 to 2.35.
Lemon: The pH range of lemon is 2.00 to 2.60. This makes lemon slightly less acidic than lime.
'The pH levels of citrus fruits ... | stackexchange-chemistry |
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