joyboseroy/3gpp-citation-graph

3GPP Spec Citation Graph

A clause-level cross-reference graph over 3GPP technical specifications, covering Releases 11, 12, 13, 14, and 16 (Release 15 and releases outside this band are not included — see Coverage below). Built from the TSpec-LLM corpus. Nodes are individual specification clauses (not whole documents); edges are explicit cross-references extracted from spec text, typed by reference granularity (document-level citation, intra-document clause pointer, etc.).

Released standalone, independent of any particular retrieval pipeline, in the spirit of joyboseroy/darshana-graph: the graph structure itself is the artifact.

This is a citation/cross-reference graph, not a general-purpose 3GPP knowledge graph. Several entity-relation KGs already exist for 3GPP content (e.g. otellm/3gpp_knowledgeGraph for Release 13, GSMA/telecom-kg-rel19) — those extract concepts/parameters/procedures as nodes. This dataset is different: nodes are clauses, edges are references between them, and the intended use is studying reference/citation topology, not entity QA.

Dataset Structure

nodes.parquet — 130,270 rows

column	type	description
node_id	int	internal graph node id
doc_id	string	source document identifier (e.g. 25173-e00)
clause_id	string	clause number within the document (e.g. 4.2.2)
label	string	graph node label (Clause)
release	string	inferred release tag (Rel-11/12/13/14/16), or unknown

edges.parquet — 209,934 rows

column	type	description
source_id / target_id	int	node ids
relation	string	edge type (REFERENCES)
ref_type	string	reference granularity: document_level (152,656), intradoc (53,199), clause (3,474), annex (357), bare_lowconf (248)
source_doc / source_clause / target_doc / target_clause	string	convenience fields for joins without re-merging nodes.parquet

release_summary.csv — per-release node and outgoing-edge counts:

release	node_count	outgoing_edge_count
Rel-11	8,852	14,544
Rel-12	21,793	35,293
Rel-13	25,773	42,537
Rel-14	26,904	43,828
Rel-16	42,969	73,087
unknown	3,979 (3.1%)	645

Construction

Extracted from 3GPP specification markdown files (TSpec-LLM subset covering Rel-11–14 and Rel-16), with cross-references parsed and loaded into FalkorDB as a property graph. ref_type distinguishes document-level citations from finer-grained intra-document/clause/annex references, based on the parser's own classification at extraction time.

Intended Uses

• Cross-reference/citation topology analysis across 3GPP releases
• Graph-RAG retrieval benchmarking (multi-hop reference traversal)
• Network-science studies of technical-standard document ecosystems at clause granularity

Limitations

• Coverage gap: Releases 11–14 and 16 only. Release 15 and releases outside this band (8–10, 17+) are not represented. Do not use this dataset for claims about 3GPP standards evolution as a whole without accounting for this gap.
• Extraction precision: cross-reference parsing is regex/rule-based; an LLM-judge spot-check (Groq llama-3.3-70b) found ~0.71 precision, meaning roughly 3 in 10 extracted edges may be spurious or mis-parsed. The bare_lowconf ref_type (248 edges) flags some of this at the source, but most noise is not self-flagged and sits inside the other ref_type categories.
• Release tagging: inferred from source directory structure; 3.1% of nodes (3,979) have release = unknown.
• Single edge type (REFERENCES) with a ref_type qualifier — no other relation types (e.g. no semantic/entity relations, only citations).

Citation

No accompanying paper. If you use this dataset, please cite it directly:

@misc{bose2026_3gpp_citation_graph,
  author = {Bose, Joy},
  title = {3GPP Spec Citation Graph},
  year = {2026},
  publisher = {Hugging Face},
  howpublished = {\url{https://huggingface.co/datasets/joyboseroy/3gpp-citation-graph}}
}