Datasets:

croqaz
/

vintage-exam-qa

Error code:   DatasetGenerationCastError
Exception:    DatasetGenerationCastError
Message:      An error occurred while generating the dataset

All the data files must have the same columns, but at some point there are 1 new columns ({'subject'}) and 4 missing columns ({'type', 'note', 'query', 'section'}).

This happened while the json dataset builder was generating data using

hf://datasets/croqaz/vintage-exam-qa/Common school examiner and review 1890.json (at revision 4a844f30912173232d9e329bff7988406a06e45a), ['hf://datasets/croqaz/vintage-exam-qa@4a844f30912173232d9e329bff7988406a06e45a/Advanced question book 1883.json', 'hf://datasets/croqaz/vintage-exam-qa@4a844f30912173232d9e329bff7988406a06e45a/Common school examiner and review 1890.json', 'hf://datasets/croqaz/vintage-exam-qa@4a844f30912173232d9e329bff7988406a06e45a/New common school question book 1888.json', 'hf://datasets/croqaz/vintage-exam-qa@4a844f30912173232d9e329bff7988406a06e45a/New common school question book 1900.json', 'hf://datasets/croqaz/vintage-exam-qa@4a844f30912173232d9e329bff7988406a06e45a/Recreations in the common school studies 1885.json', 'hf://datasets/croqaz/vintage-exam-qa@4a844f30912173232d9e329bff7988406a06e45a/School Room Search Light 1895.json'], ['hf://datasets/croqaz/vintage-exam-qa@4a844f30912173232d9e329bff7988406a06e45a/Advanced question book 1883.json', 'hf://datasets/croqaz/vintage-exam-qa@4a844f30912173232d9e329bff7988406a06e45a/Common school examiner and review 1890.json', 'hf://datasets/croqaz/vintage-exam-qa@4a844f30912173232d9e329bff7988406a06e45a/New common school question book 1888.json', 'hf://datasets/croqaz/vintage-exam-qa@4a844f30912173232d9e329bff7988406a06e45a/New common school question book 1900.json', 'hf://datasets/croqaz/vintage-exam-qa@4a844f30912173232d9e329bff7988406a06e45a/Recreations in the common school studies 1885.json', 'hf://datasets/croqaz/vintage-exam-qa@4a844f30912173232d9e329bff7988406a06e45a/School Room Search Light 1895.json']

Please either edit the data files to have matching columns, or separate them into different configurations (see docs at https://hf.co/docs/hub/datasets-manual-configuration#multiple-configurations)
Traceback:    Traceback (most recent call last):
                File "/usr/local/lib/python3.12/site-packages/datasets/builder.py", line 1837, in _prepare_split_single
                  writer.write_table(table)
                File "/usr/local/lib/python3.12/site-packages/datasets/arrow_writer.py", line 765, in write_table
                  self._write_table(pa_table, writer_batch_size=writer_batch_size)
                File "/usr/local/lib/python3.12/site-packages/datasets/arrow_writer.py", line 773, in _write_table
                  pa_table = table_cast(pa_table, self._schema)
                             ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
                File "/usr/local/lib/python3.12/site-packages/datasets/table.py", line 2369, in table_cast
                  return cast_table_to_schema(table, schema)
                         ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
                File "/usr/local/lib/python3.12/site-packages/datasets/table.py", line 2297, in cast_table_to_schema
                  raise CastError(
              datasets.table.CastError: Couldn't cast
              subject: string
              number: int64
              question: string
              answer: string
              to
              {'type': Value('string'), 'number': Value('int64'), 'question': Value('string'), 'answer': Value('string'), 'section': Value('string'), 'note': Value('string'), 'query': Value('string')}
              because column names don't match
              
              During handling of the above exception, another exception occurred:
              
              Traceback (most recent call last):
                File "/src/services/worker/src/worker/job_runners/config/parquet_and_info.py", line 1361, in compute_config_parquet_and_info_response
                  parquet_operations, partial, estimated_dataset_info = stream_convert_to_parquet(
                                                                        ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
                File "/src/services/worker/src/worker/job_runners/config/parquet_and_info.py", line 940, in stream_convert_to_parquet
                  builder._prepare_split(split_generator=splits_generators[split], file_format="parquet")
                File "/usr/local/lib/python3.12/site-packages/datasets/builder.py", line 1683, in _prepare_split
                  for job_id, done, content in self._prepare_split_single(
                                               ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
                File "/usr/local/lib/python3.12/site-packages/datasets/builder.py", line 1839, in _prepare_split_single
                  raise DatasetGenerationCastError.from_cast_error(
              datasets.exceptions.DatasetGenerationCastError: An error occurred while generating the dataset
              
              All the data files must have the same columns, but at some point there are 1 new columns ({'subject'}) and 4 missing columns ({'type', 'note', 'query', 'section'}).
              
              This happened while the json dataset builder was generating data using
              
              hf://datasets/croqaz/vintage-exam-qa/Common school examiner and review 1890.json (at revision 4a844f30912173232d9e329bff7988406a06e45a), ['hf://datasets/croqaz/vintage-exam-qa@4a844f30912173232d9e329bff7988406a06e45a/Advanced question book 1883.json', 'hf://datasets/croqaz/vintage-exam-qa@4a844f30912173232d9e329bff7988406a06e45a/Common school examiner and review 1890.json', 'hf://datasets/croqaz/vintage-exam-qa@4a844f30912173232d9e329bff7988406a06e45a/New common school question book 1888.json', 'hf://datasets/croqaz/vintage-exam-qa@4a844f30912173232d9e329bff7988406a06e45a/New common school question book 1900.json', 'hf://datasets/croqaz/vintage-exam-qa@4a844f30912173232d9e329bff7988406a06e45a/Recreations in the common school studies 1885.json', 'hf://datasets/croqaz/vintage-exam-qa@4a844f30912173232d9e329bff7988406a06e45a/School Room Search Light 1895.json'], ['hf://datasets/croqaz/vintage-exam-qa@4a844f30912173232d9e329bff7988406a06e45a/Advanced question book 1883.json', 'hf://datasets/croqaz/vintage-exam-qa@4a844f30912173232d9e329bff7988406a06e45a/Common school examiner and review 1890.json', 'hf://datasets/croqaz/vintage-exam-qa@4a844f30912173232d9e329bff7988406a06e45a/New common school question book 1888.json', 'hf://datasets/croqaz/vintage-exam-qa@4a844f30912173232d9e329bff7988406a06e45a/New common school question book 1900.json', 'hf://datasets/croqaz/vintage-exam-qa@4a844f30912173232d9e329bff7988406a06e45a/Recreations in the common school studies 1885.json', 'hf://datasets/croqaz/vintage-exam-qa@4a844f30912173232d9e329bff7988406a06e45a/School Room Search Light 1895.json']
              
              Please either edit the data files to have matching columns, or separate them into different configurations (see docs at https://hf.co/docs/hub/datasets-manual-configuration#multiple-configurations)

Need help to make the dataset viewer work? Make sure to review how to configure the dataset viewer, and open a discussion for direct support.

type string	number int64	question string	answer string	section string	note string	query string
qa	2	What was the origin of Literature?	Egypt had her literature in the form of hieroglyphics (priestly writings). These characters—685 in number—were the germ of an alphabet and were in part phonetic. The cuneiform, wedge-shaped or arrow-headed characters of the Babylonians and Assyrians were not truly phonetic. "It was reserved for the Phoenicians to adopt...	GENERAL LITERATURE	null	null
note	2	null	null	GENERAL LITERATURE	The Hindoos had a voluminous literature containing the three Vedas—supposed to have been written about 4,000 years ago—; the Persians, the Zendavesta (or Zend Avesta) of Zoroaster and other writings. The Old Testament is an example of the Hebrew Literature.	null
query	2	null	null	GENERAL LITERATURE	null	What are the "Seven Bibles" of the world? What was the "Rosetta Stone"? Who was Firdousi?
qa	3	What is the history of the alphabet?	The Greeks derived their alphabet from the Phoenicians. The Romans adopted the Greek, and the Roman alphabet is the basis of our modern ones. Pliny states that "Cadmus brought sixteen letters from Phœnicia into Greece, to which Palamedes, in the time of the Trojan war, added four more, and Simonides afterwards added fo...	GENERAL LITERATURE	null	null
note	3	null	null	GENERAL LITERATURE	The origin of languages, like that of nations, is frequently lost in the darkness that shrouds primitive history. Modern schol-ars have proved that Cadmus is a mere fabled name signifying "the East." Still the transition from the Phoenician to the Greek may be readily seen by examining their alphabets.	null
qa	4	What were the first forms of literary art?	The Greek Literature. The oldest poems (poetry preceded prose) are the epics of Homer,—880 B. C.,—the Iliad (from Ilium, the name of Troy,) and the Odyssey. The Iliad is a history of the Trojan war, and the Odyssey de-scribes the adventures of Ulysses, King of Ithaca, after the fall of Troy.	GENERAL LITERATURE	null	null
note	4	null	null	GENERAL LITERATURE	Read Pope's or Bryant's translation.	null
query	4	null	Barnes, Gladstone, and Blackie. Professor Joshua Barnes, of the University of Cambridge, England, in the reign of Queen Anne, who edited Homer, Anacreon, and Euripedes, wrote a poem to prove that Solomon was the author of the Iliad. His object was to raise money to publish his Homer.	GENERAL LITERATURE	null	Who was Penelope ? What is an epic poem ? What English scholars have written on the authorship of Homer?
qa	5	What works constitute the "Bible of the Greeks"?	The writings of Homer and Hesiod (who lived about 789 B. C.), because they put in writing the belief about the gods. The writings of Hesiod are the "Theogo-ny" and "Works and Days."	GENERAL LITERATURE	null	null
query	5	null	null	GENERAL LITERATURE	null	When was the "Legendary Age"?
qa	6	What writers were of later origin?	Tyrtæus—a lame school-master at Athens (720 B. C.) wrote elegies—whose stirring songs had a great influence in the Messenian war. Also Simonides of Ceos. Sappho, Alcæus, Anacreon, and Pindar (522 B. C.) are the most famous names in lyric poetry. The drama, during the age of Pericles (469-399 B. C.), was distinguished b...	GENERAL LITERATURE	null	null
note	6	null	null	GENERAL LITERATURE	The writings of Euripides are Hecuba, Orestes, Medea, Alcestis, Bacchæ, Ion, Andromache, Suppliants, Iphigenia in Taurus, Hercules Furens, Cyclops, etc., etc. Those of Aristophanes are Acharnians, Knights, Clouds, Wasps, Frogs, Peace and Birds, Lysistrate, etc. Aeschylus was killed by the descent of a tortoise, which a...	null
query	6	null	null	GENERAL LITERATURE	null	What is the fable of Cymon and Iphigenia?
qa	7	Who was Herodotus?	The celebrated Greek historian, styled "The Father of History," born in Halicarnassus, Asia Minor, about 484 B. C., and is supposed to have died in Thurii, Italy, about 420 B. C. He is said to have been exiled from Halicarnassus by the tyrant Lygdamis, and travelled in Greece, Africa, Asia, and Europe, noting the manne...	GENERAL LITERATURE	null	null
note	7	null	null	GENERAL LITERATURE	Information in regard to Egypt was, until the present century, derived chiefly from Herodotus, from some fragments of a history written in Greek by Manetho, an Egyptian priest, in the third century, B. C., and from the writings of Diodorus Siculus, who lived in the first century.	null
query	7	null	null	GENERAL LITERATURE	null	What were the results of the excavations of Dr. Schliemann (1869-73) on the site of Troy?
qa	8	Name the other Grecian Historians.	Thucydides, (born 471 B. C.); Xenophon, (born 441 B. C.); Polybius, (born second century B. C.), and Plutarch, (second century A. D.)	GENERAL LITERATURE	null	null
note	8	null	null	GENERAL LITERATURE	Thucydides wrote the Peloponnesian War. Xenophon, the Anabasis, Memorabilia, Cycropædia (education of Cyrus), Hellenics, and minor works. Plutarch's "Lives" are called the Bible of Heroisms.	null
query	8	null	Very few of the thousands who use this slang term know its origin or its primitive significance, according to which it is a grand thing to say of a man, "He is a brick!" The word used in its original intent implies all that is brave, patriotic, and loyal. Plutarch in his life of Agesilaus, King of Sparta, gives us the ...	GENERAL LITERATURE	null	What is the origin of the expression "He's a brick"?
qa	9	Who were the Grecian philosophers?	Thales, who lived in the sixth century B. C., the founder of the Ionic school; Pythagoras, who belonged to the same century, and established the Pythagorean school; Socrates, (469-399 B. C.) who did not teach any especial system of philosophy, but was engaged in breaking down prejudices and exposing fallacies; Plato, (...	GENERAL LITERATURE	null	null
query	9	null	null	GENERAL LITERATURE	null	Who were the "Seven Wise Men"? Who established the deductive system of reasoning? Who is the "father" of the inductive system?
qa	10	By whom was oratory practiced?	Solon, Pisistratus, Miltiades, Aristides, Themistocles, Protagoras, Pericles, Aeschines, and Demosthenes.	GENERAL LITERATURE	null	null
note	10	null	null	GENERAL LITERATURE	The teachings of her philosophers, and the orations of her statesmen form a prominent feature in the literature of Greece. Plato's works remain in the form of his "Dialogues." Demosthenes' "Orations" are published in five volumes.	null
query	10	null	null	GENERAL LITERATURE	null	What was the "Philippic"? How was Demosthenes cured of stammering?
qa	11	What are the four fine arts?	Architecture, Sculpture, Painting, and Music. The three classic forms of architecture are the DORIC, the IONIC, and the CORINTHIAN. Sculpture and painting were highly cultivated among the Greeks, the former by Phidias and Praxitiles; the latter by Parrhasius, Zeuxis, and Appelles.	GENERAL LITERATURE	null	null
note	11	null	null	GENERAL LITERATURE	Pliny's anecdote of the contest between Parrhasius and Zeuxis will serve to illustrate the excellence to which these artists had attained. Zeuxis painted a cluster of grapes. Upon their exhibition, the birds were deceived, and flew at them as if they were real; whereupon the painter boasted of his success. His rival, P...	null
query	11	null	null	GENERAL LITERATURE	null	What is lyric poetry? What are some of the departments of literature for which Greece was famous? Name some prominent writer in each department.
qa	12	When was the beginning of Roman literature?	The early history of Rome is given in an unbroken narrative by the Roman writers, but these romantic legends can no longer be regarded as real. The records of the early days of Rome are known to have been destroyed when the city was burned by the Gauls (390 B. C.); and Livy, the earliest writer on Roman affairs whose w...	GENERAL LITERATURE	null	null
qa	13	What was the "Golden Age" of literature?	The Reign of Augustus, 27 B. C. to 14 A. D. HORACE, VIRGIL, and all the most celebrated Latin poets and scholars were his friends. Among these were OVID, author of the Metamorphoses, Heroides, Art of Love, etc.; CORNELIUS NEPOS, the biographer; TITUS LIVIUS (Livy), the great historian of Rome; and SALLUST, the historia...	GENERAL LITERATURE	null	null
note	13	null	null	GENERAL LITERATURE	Among other distinguished writers of this age or the times immediately preceding it are LUCRETIUS; CATULLUS, "author of lyrics that are among the sweetest and most poetic things in the Latin language"; MARTIAL, the writer of epigrams; PLINY, the writer on natural history (killed, 79 A. D., by the great eruption from Ve...	null
qa	14	What is the AENEID?	An epic poem by VIRGIL, author of the Georgics, Bucolics etc., which relates the story of Aeneas, a Trojan hero, who flees from burning Troy (see Homer's Iliad), and, after years of wandering, lands in Italy and founds a city.	GENERAL LITERATURE	null	null
note	14	null	null	GENERAL LITERATURE	HORACE, who was a witty and vivacious song-writer, is the author of many poems, odes, satires, and epistles. TACITUS wrote The Annals, The History, The Germania, and Agricola.	null
query	14	null	null	GENERAL LITERATURE	null	Wherein does Poetry differ from Prose? What are the chief departments of Roman literature? Name a prominent author in each department.
qa	15	Before the "Dark Ages" what books were written?	Following the decline of Rome were the "Dark Ages"—extending from the fifth to the fifteenth century—which were unproductive of real literature, but immedi- Immediately preceding them there arose a set of theological writers both in Greek and Latin, who are known collectively as the "Christian Fathers." Among the most ...	GENERAL LITERATURE	null	null
note	15	null	null	GENERAL LITERATURE	These dates are all A. D.	null
qa	16	When was the "Revival of Learning"?	A new literature began to spring up in French, Spanish, Italian, and German about the time of the crusades (1096-1192). The first language to develop a new literature was the Romance of Southern France. The romance languages are the French, Spanish, and Italian. While Europe however was sunk in the grossest ignorance, ...	GENERAL LITERATURE	null	null
note	16	null	null	GENERAL LITERATURE	Even Charlemagne (742-814) was a great patron of learning and learned men. Fond of literary pursuits, he pursued the whole range of mental science. The Middle Ages were not as dark as the name indicates.	null
query	16	null	null	GENERAL LITERATURE	null	What are palimpsests? Who were the "Venerable Bede" and Alcuin?
qa	17	What Universities were founded?	The University of Oxford in England is said to have been founded by King Alfred (ninth century), but it was not a flourishing seat of learning till the eleventh century. In the year 1201, it contained 3,000 scholars. The University of Paris became famous at the beginning of the twelfth century, under the teachings of A...	GENERAL LITERATURE	null	null
note	17	null	null	GENERAL LITERATURE	In the eleventh and twelfth centuries was the rise of the new "scholastic philosophy," the chief feature of which was the application of the art of dialectics to subtle questions of meta- physics and theology, made famous by such Schoolmen as Aquinas, Scotus, Roscelin, Anselm, and Peter Lombard. One of the questions di...	null
qa	18	Who were Roger Bacon and Albertus Magnus?	Bacon was an English monk who with Magnus began to investigate mathematical and scientific questions, in the thirteenth century. They made wonderful advances in true knowledge, but each had to pay the penalty of being in advance of his age, for they were both punished as magicians.	GENERAL LITERATURE	null	null
qa	19	When was the beginning of Modern Literature?	A native literature had begun to spring up in the thirteenth and fourteenth centuries. The principal specimens are the German collection known as the Nibelungen Lied, the Spanish romance of the Cid, and the cycle of poetry relating to the British Arthur and his Knights of the Round Table. The real beginnings of our mod...	GENERAL LITERATURE	null	null
note	19	null	null	GENERAL LITERATURE	Read Longfellow's translation of Dante's Divina Commedia (Divine Comedy). The first period of the literary history of Italy also includes the names of Petrarch, 1304-1374, the lyric poet; and Boccaccio, 1313-1375, author of the "Decameron," in prose. Chaucer visited Italy, is supposed to have seen Petrarch, and was at ...	null
qa	20	What are Chaucer's works?	The principal one is the Canterbury Tales. It is a collection of admirable daguerreotypes of the various classes of English society, and consists of twenty-four stories supposed to have been told by a company of pilgrims on their way to Canterbury. The others are the Romaunt of the Rose, Court of Love, Chaucer's Dream,...	GENERAL LITERATURE	null	null
note	20	null	null	GENERAL LITERATURE	The works produced in England from 450 to 1050 were in Anglo Saxon, now a dead language; Semi-Saxon, from 1150 to 1250; Old English, from 1250 to 1350; Middle English, from 1350 to 1550; and Modern English, from 1550 to the present day. The first three divisions have quite a voluminous literature, well worthy the study...	null
query	20	null	null	GENERAL LITERATURE	null	Who was called the " Morning Star of the Reformation " ?
qa	21	What are the nine periods of English literature ?	I. The Age of Chaucer, 1350-1400. II. The Age of Caxton, 1400-1550. III. The Elizabethan Age, 1550-1625. IV. The Age of Milton, 1625-1660. V. The Age of the Restoration, 1660-1700. VI. The Age of Queen Anne, 1700-1750. VII. The Age of Johnson, 1750-1800. VIII. The Age of Scott, 1800-1830. IX. The Victorian Age, 1830-18...	GENERAL LITERATURE	null	null
qa	22	Name other writers of Chaucer's age.	(1) William Langland (1332-1400), Piers the Plowman. (2) John Gower—"Moral Gower," Chaucer calls him—(1320-1408) was the author of three great works, Speculum Meditantis, in Norman French; Vox Clamantis, in Latin; and Confessio Amantis (A Lover's Confession), in English. English Prose Literature begins with (3) Sir Joh...	GENERAL LITERATURE	null	null
qa	23	Who were the writers of Caxton's age?	William Dunbar (1465-1520), The Dance of the Seven Deadly Sins. James I. (1394-1437), wrote a collection of love verses under the title of the King's Quhair. (i. e. Quire or Book). John Skelton (1460-1529), Colin Clout, etc. Sir Thomas More (1503-1542), author of Utopia, a philosophical romance, written in Latin, Wyatt...	GENERAL LITERATURE	null	null
qa	24	What was the Elizabethan age?	The most glorious era of English literature. It is renowned for its three writers—Spenser, Shakespeare* and Bacon—either of whom would have made an age illustrious. The first name is that of George Gascoigne (1530-1577) one of the founders of the great English school of the drama, "Steel Glass," "Fruits of War." Thomas...	GENERAL LITERATURE	null	null
qa	25	Who has been called the "myriad-minded"?	*Most Shaksperian scholars now spell the name Shakspere. William Shakespeare, the greatest dramatist, and probably the greatest genius of all time, (1564-1616). His dramas are thirty-seven in number. Othello, Lear, and Hamlet are distinctly tragedies. As You Like It, Merry Wives of Windsor, Taming of the Shrew and Twel...	GENERAL LITERATURE	null	null
qa	26	Who was the author of the "Novum Organum"?	Sir Francis Bacon, known as Lord Bacon, (1561-1626). This was the second part of his Instauratio Magna, a work to consist of six books, three of which only were finished, a brief extract being given of the fourth. His Essays are the most popular. Selections:—"Knowledge is power." "A little philosophy inclineth a man's ...	GENERAL LITERATURE	null	null
qa	27	Who were the dramatic poets of this age?	Christopher Marlowe (1564-1593), "Tamburlane," and "Faustus." Rare Ben Jonson (1573-1637), second to Shakespeare only, "Every Man Out of his Humor," "Alchemist," "Catiline," "Epicene, or the Silent Woman," "Fall of Sejanus," "Tale of a Tub," "Masques," etc. Beaumont (1586-1615) and Fletcher (1576-1625), "who worked tog...	GENERAL LITERATURE	null	null
note	27	null	null	GENERAL LITERATURE	To this bright galaxy of names may be added Chapman, Dekker, Middleton, Marston, Taylor, Tourneur, Broome, Heywood, and Shirley.	null
query	27	null	null	GENERAL LITERATURE	null	Who wrote "A Woman Killed with Kindness"? Who was Sir Philip Sidney? What courtier, soldier, adventurer, and writer, is the author of a History of the World (written in prison)? Who was the "well-languaged Daniel"? "Holy George Herbert" wrote what? Roger Ascham (1515-1568) was tutor to Princess (Queen) Elizabeth; what ...
qa	28	What other great writers were there in the sixteenth century?	In Italy, the historians Guicciardini (1482-1540); Machiavelli (1469-1527); the poets Ariosto (1474-1533), author of "Orlando Furioso;" Vittorio Colonna (1490-1547); and Tasso, who celebrated the First Crusade in his "Jerusalem Delivered." Cervantes (1547-1616) was a renowned Spanish writer. His immortal work is "Don Q...	GENERAL LITERATURE	null	null
query	28	null	null	GENERAL LITERATURE	null	Who were Michael Angelo, Raphael, Titian, Durer, Holbein, Copernicus, Galileo, and Tycho-Brahe ?
qa	29	Who is the author of "Paradise Lost" ?	John Milton (1608-1674). His principal poetic works are "Paradise Regained," "Comus," "Lycidas," "L' Allegro" and "Il Penseroso." His prose writings are too numerous to mention. The writers of his age are the so-called metaphysical poets, and theologians.	GENERAL LITERATURE	null	null
query	29	null	null	GENERAL LITERATURE	null	Who was Izaak Walton? What are the works of Jeremy Taylor? Who is the author of "Religio Medici," (Religion of a Physician)?
qa	30	Who is the greatest author of the "Restoration Age" ?	John Dryden (1631-1700), who wrote dramas, poems, and essays, "Duke of Guise," "Wild Gallant," "Rival Ladies," "Hind and Panther," "Ode on St. Cecilia's Day," "All for Love," and a "Translation of Virgil's Aeneid." Selections.— "Men are but children of a larger growth." "Great wits are sure to madness near allied, And ...	GENERAL LITERATURE	null	null
note	30	null	null	GENERAL LITERATURE	Samuel Butler (1612-1680) is the most illustrious literary representative of the Cavaliers. His great work is the burlesque Satire of "Hudibras." A large mass of Butler's miscellaneous writings have been published.	null
query	30	null	null	GENERAL LITERATURE	null	What three poets?
qa	31	Who were the contemporaries of Dryden?	Locke, Newton, Boyle, Temple, Evelyn, Bunyan, L'Estrange, and Samuel Pepys (1632-1703), the author of a "Diary," which is a complete scandalous chronicle of a society so gay and debauched that the simple description of what took place is equal to the most dramatic picture of the novelist.	GENERAL LITERATURE	null	null
note	31	null	null	GENERAL LITERATURE	There is a strong contrast between the drama of Elizabeth and that of the Restoration, and the latter part of the seventeenth century produced a constellation of splendid dramatists. Sir George Etherege wrote the "Man of Mode or Sir Fopling Flutter"; William Wycherley, "Love in a Wood," "Country Wife," etc.; Sir John V...	null
qa	32	What other great names in the literature of the seventeenth century?	Calderon (1601-1681), a distinguished Spanish dramatist wrote about five hundred pieces. La Fontaine (1621-1705), a French poet, wrote "Fables." Moliere (1632-1673), a French dramatist, wrote many charming comedies, such as "Le Bourgeois Gentilhomme" (a text-book at Harvard), "Le Misanthrope" and "Tartufe." Boileau (16...	GENERAL LITERATURE	null	null
query	32	null	null	GENERAL LITERATURE	null	Who were Vandyck, Rembrandt, Murillo, Rubens, Pascal, and Bossuet?
qa	33	Who were the literary representatives of Queen Anne's age?	Pope, Addison, and Swift. Alexander Pope (1688-1744) wrote "The Rape of the Lock," a translation of the Iliad and Odyssey, "Elegy on an Unfortunate Lady," "Epistle from Sappho to Phaon," "Dunciad," "Ode on St. Cecilia's Day," (see Dryden), etc. Selections:—"To err is human; to forgive divine," (Essay on Criticism). "Vi...	GENERAL LITERATURE	null	null
note	33	null	null	GENERAL LITERATURE	This was called the Augustan age of English literature. The other writers of this period were William Collins, a fine lyric poet, author of "Ode to the Passions," "How Sleep the Brave"; Matthew Prior, who wrote "Alma," "Solomon," "Country Mouse and City Mouse"; John Gay, "Trivia, or the Art of Walking the Streets of Lo...	null
query	33	null	Defoe. What is the character of Addison's style? From what great writer is English literature generally supposed to date its origin?	GENERAL LITERATURE	null	Which preceded the other in point of time, Dryden or Pope? Name the leading work of each. Who were the contemporaries of Shakespeare? Who is called the father of the modern novel?
qa	34	Who was Oliver Goldsmith (1728–1774)?	He was an Irishman, full of oddities and eccentricities, and remarkable alike for his strength and his weakness. Johnson said of him that "he wrote like an angel, but talked like poor Poll." His principal poems are "The Traveller," and "Deserted Village." "The Vicar of Wakefield" (a novel), "She stoops to Conquer" (a c...	GENERAL LITERATURE	null	null
qa	35	Name other authors of the Johnsonian Age.	Thomas Gray (1716-1771), "Elegy Written in a Country Churchyard," Odes "On the Spring," "On the Death of a Favorite Cat," "On a Distant Prospect of Eton College," "The Bard," and "To Adversity." Robert Burns (1759-1796), "Highland Mary," "Auld Lang Syne," "The Cotter's Saturday Night," "Tam O'Shanter," "To a Mountain D...	GENERAL LITERATURE	null	null
note	35	null	null	GENERAL LITERATURE	Additionally, there were Samuel Richardson, "Pamela," "Clarissa," and "Sir Charles Grandison"; Henry Fielding, "Joseph Andrews," "The Life of Jonathan Wild the Great," "Tom Jones," and "Amelia"; Tobias George Smollett, "Roderick Random," "Peregrine Pickle," "The Adventures of Ferdinand, Count Fathom," and a translation...	null
query	35	null	null	GENERAL LITERATURE	null	Can you regard Burns as an illustration of the adage, Poeta nascitur, non fit (Poets are born, not made)? Why? From what author is it quoted? What is meant by the statement, "Goldsmith was an intensely subjective poet"? What is meant by the Shakspearian-Bacon controversy? What extracts can you give from Hamlet, Macbeth...
qa	36	What were the literary impostures of the eighteenth century?	The poetical forgeries of Macpherson, Chatterton, and Ireland. James Macpherson (1738-1798) pretended to have accumulated in his travels through the Highlands of Scotland an immense mass of fragments of ancient poetry composed in the Gaelic or Erse dialect common to that country and Ireland, which he published under th...	GENERAL LITERATURE	null	null
query	36	null	"All that glistens is not gold," Shakespeare; "But all things which that shineth as the gold, Ne is no gold, as I have heard it told," Chaucer; "Yet gold all is not that doth golden seem," Spenser; "All, as they say, that glitters is not gold," Dryden; and by Gray, Middleton, and others.	GENERAL LITERATURE	null	Can you give the birth-place of Dryden ? of Shakespeare ? of Milton ? of Chaucer ? of Sterne ? of Cowper ? By what authors were these selections written ?— "Man's inhumanity to man makes countless thousands mourn." "O, consistency, thou art a jewel!" "The only amaranthine flower on earth is virtue." "Fools rush in wher...
qa	37	What was the Age of Romantic Poetry ?	This name is frequently applied to the Age of Scott. The authors of this age were George Gordon Noel Byron (1788-1824), who wrote "Childe Harold," "The Dream," "The Prisoner of Chillon," "Mazeppa," "The Bride of Abydos," "The Giaour," "Cain," "Manfred," and "Don Juan." Extract from "Mazeppa":— "For time at last set all...	GENERAL LITERATURE	null	null
qa	38	Who were the "Lake Poets"?	"Lake Poets" is a nickname given by the British "to a certain brotherhood of poets, who haunted for some years about the lakes of Cumberland," and who were erroneously thought to have united to some settled theory of composition and style. Wm. Wordsworth (1770-1850), who wrote the "Excursion," the "Prelude" and several...	GENERAL LITERATURE	null	null
note	38	null	null	GENERAL LITERATURE	The other writers of this age were Tom Moore, "Lalla "Rookh," "Loves of the Angels," "Anacreon," "Irish Melodies," "Veiled Prophet," "The Last Rose of Summer," etc.; Percy Bysshe Shelley, "Queen Mab," "Prometheus Unbound," "Cenci," "Adonais," "Rosalind and Helen," "The Skylark," etc.; Leigh Hunt, "Story of Rimini," "Ca...	null
note	38	null	null	GENERAL LITERATURE	The Sorrows of Genius. Homer was a beggar; Plautus turned a mill; Terras was a slave; Paul Borghese had fourteen trades, and yet starved with them all; Tasso was often distressed for five shillings; Bentivoglio was refused admittance into an hospital he had himself founded; Cervantes died of hunger; the celebrated writ...	null
query	38	null	"Venerable Bede." Who was the father of English printing? Who created the historical novel? Sir Walter Scott. Who was the "Wizard of the North"? Why? How long was Gray writing his "Elegy"?	GENERAL LITERATURE	null	What are the principal works of Sir Walter Scott? Who wrote "Come, ye Disconsolate"? Who is the author of "From Greenland's Icy Mountains"? With whom did English prose begin?
qa	39	Who wrote "William Tell" ?	James Sheridan Knowles (1784-1862) wrote the play of "William Tell" in English, and the greatest dramatic work of Schiller (1759-1805) was "Wilhelm Tell," of course in the German language. Knowles was an Irishman famous as an actor, elocutionist, and dramatic author of such plays as "Virginius" and "William Tell." He b...	GENERAL LITERATURE	null	null
qa	40	Who were the French authors of the eighteenth century ?	Montesquieu (1689-1755), "Lettres Persannes," "Esprit des Lois"; Voltaire (1694-1778), "Henriade," "Age of Louis XIV.," "History of Charles XII."; Buffon (1707-1788), "Histoire Naturelle"; and Rousseau (1712-1778) who was obliged to leave France on the publication of his "Contrat Social."	GENERAL LITERATURE	null	null
query	40	null	null	GENERAL LITERATURE	null	Who were Mozart, Haydn, Canova, Jacquard, Lessing, Handel, Reynolds, West, and Gainsborough ? Who was "Kit North" ?
qa	41	Who are the poets of the Victorian Age ?	Alfred Tennyson, "The Princess," "Locksley Hall," "The May Queen," "Maud," "Enoch Arden," "Idyls of the King"; Robert Browning, "My Lost Duchess," "How They Brought the Good News from Ghent to Aix," "A Blot on the Scutcheon," "The Ring and the Book"; Elizabeth Barrett Browning, "Aurora Leigh," "Casa Guidi Windows," "La...	GENERAL LITERATURE	null	null
note	41	null	null	GENERAL LITERATURE	This age, one of great productiveness in literature, is very prolific in prose writers. Among "the immortal names that were not born to die" are: Thomas Babington Macaulay, "Lays of Ancient Rome," "Horatius at the Bridge," "History of Eng- land"; Charles Dickens, "Pickwick," "Martin Chuzzlewit," "Bleak House," "Our Mut...	null
query	41	null	Homer's "Iliad," Virgil's "Aeneid," Dante's "Divine Comedy," Tasso's "Jerusalem Delivered," and Milton's "Paradise Lost." Is "Pilgrim's Progress" an epic, lyric, novel, or allegory?	GENERAL LITERATURE	null	Who is the "golden-tressed Adelaide"? Where is found "'Tis better to have loved and lost Than never to have loved at all" ? Who is the author of "Frankenstein"? Who are the authors of "Tommy's Dead" and "Legends of Inverburn"? What are the five greatest epics known to the world?
qa	42	What are the three periods of American literature?	I. The Colonial Age, 1640-1760; II. The Revolutionary Age, 1760-1830; III. The National Age, 1830-	GENERAL LITERATURE	null	null
note	42	null	null	GENERAL LITERATURE	The writers of the Colonial Age were principally theologians. Its chief literary representatives are Cotton Mather—"Magnolia Christi Americana" and "Memorable Providences "Relating to Witchcraft"— and Jonathan Edwards, whose great work was "An Inquiry into the Freedom of the Will."	null
qa	43	Who are the poets of the Revolutionary Age?	James Rodman Drake, "The American Flag" and "The Culprit Fay"; Fitz-Greene Halleck, "Marco Bozzaris"; Francis Scott Key, "Star Spangled Banner"; Judge Joseph Hopkinson, "Hail Columbia," and Judge Francis Hopkinson, his father, who wrote "The Battle of the Kegs"; Clement C. Moore, "A Visit from St. Nicholas" (" 'Twas th...	GENERAL LITERATURE	null	null
note	43	null	null	GENERAL LITERATURE	The prose writers of this age generally furnish us the "solid matter" to be found in the works of Hamilton, John Adams, Madison, Jefferson, Kent, Story, Wirt, Dwight, Audubon, Channing, Witherspoon, Wilson, and the "Poor Richard's Maxims" of Franklin.	null
qa	44	Who represent the "Golden Age" of American literature?	William Cullen Bryant, "Thanatopsis," "Song of the Stars"; Henry Wadsworth Longfellow, "Evangeline," "The Bridge," "Outre Mer," "Kavanagh," "Hyperion"; John Greenleaf Whittier, "Maud Muller," "Snow-Bound," "Barbara Frietchie," "A Tent on the Beach"; James Russell Lowell, "The Biglow Papers," "True Nobleness," "First Sn...	GENERAL LITERATURE	null	null
qa	1	What is History?	The word History is of Greek origin, signifying in that language a learning or knowing by inquiry, and in English a record of past events, or it may be defined in a general way as the record of the life of mankind. In a more special view, it is the narrative of the rise and progress of those famous peoples whose doings...	GENERAL HISTORY	null	null
note	1	null	null	GENERAL HISTORY	The branches of study necessary to a proper understanding of this subject are Ethnology, Archæology, Philology, Geology and Physical Geography. These researches belong properly to Anthropology, which deals with man in natural history rather than to history proper.	null
query	1	null	null	GENERAL HISTORY	null	What is Biography? What is Autobiography? What is political history? What is meant by the Philosophy of History?
qa	2	What are the divisions of history?	Ancient, extending from the earliest times to the fall of the Western Roman Empire, 476 A. D., and modern, beginning with the downfall of Rome, and extending to the present time.	GENERAL HISTORY	null	null
note	2	null	null	GENERAL HISTORY	Some historians make a triple division of Ancient, Mediæval and Modern, and the interval, from the fifth to the fifteenth century, is regarded as the period of Mediæval history, or the history of the Middle Ages. The subdivisions are: (1) the history of the group of ancient Oriental Nations, the Egyptians, the Assyro-B...	null
qa	3	What country has the oldest authentic history?	Egypt, "the Gift of the Nile," beginning with the accession of Menes, placed by some scholars (as Bunsen) at 3906; others bring it down as late as 2700.	GENERAL HISTORY	null	null
qa	4	What are the three periods of Egyptian history?	The First (or period of the old empire), from 2700 B. C., to 2080; the Second (or the era covered by the rule of the Hyksos or Shepherd Kings), from 2080 to 1527; the Third (or period of the new empire, down to the destruction of Egyptian independence by the Persians), from 1527 to 525.	GENERAL HISTORY	null	null
note	4	null	null	GENERAL HISTORY	According to Manetho, the native historian, twenty-six dynasties of kings ruled the country during these three periods. The Israelites were in Egypt during the reign of the Hyksos. It is known that Abraham visited Egypt in the 20th century B. C. Though there is a difference of opinion as to the time of the Exodus, it...	null
query	4	null	null	GENERAL HISTORY	null	Who is called the Father of History? What are hieroglyphics? Who was Suphis or Cheops? What are annals, chronicles and memoirs? What is the Sphinx? For what purpose were the Pyramids built? Who was Sesostris?

End of preview.

Vintage exams Q&A

This is a fine-tuning dataset, extracted from vintage books using code (not with AI).

These 6 books from Archive.org are included:

Advanced question book 1883
Common school examiner and review 1890
New common school question book 1888
New common school question book 1900
Recreations in the common school studies 1885
School Room Search Light 1895

Four books have separate sections for the questions and answers, so they had to be matched (you don't need to do this). Only two books have the questions and answers in the same place.

There are 11,218 Q&A pairs in total.

Challenges

The OCR scanning quality of these books is bad, and it required significant effort to get to perfection.

Example of text from "The advanced question book":

20.  What  are  Chaucer's  works  ?

Ans. — The  principal  one  is  the  Canterbury  Tales.    It  la


Literature.  15

a  collection  of  admirable  daguerreotypes  of  the  various
classes  of  English  society,  and  consists  of  twenty-four
stories  supposed  to  have  been  told  by  a  company  of  pil-
grims on  their  way  to  Canterbury.  The  others  are  the
Bomaunt  of  the  Base,  Court  of  Love,  Chaucer's  Dream,  Bok&
of  the  Duehesse,  Legend  of  Good  Women,  etc.

Extract: —

"  And  the  rivere  that  I  sat  upon,
It  made  such  a  noise  as  it  ron,
Accordaunt  with  the  birdes  armony,
Methought  it  was  the  beste  melody
That  mighte  ben  y heard  of  any  man."

Cuckow  and  the  Nightingale.

This was the original text, but after the first step of processing, I got it to this:

20. What are Chaucer's works?
Ans.—The principal one is the Canterbury Tales. It is a collection of admirable daguerreotypes of the various classes of English society, and consists of twenty-four stories supposed to have been told by a company of pilgrims on their way to Canterbury. The others are the Romaunt of the Rose, Court of Love, Chaucer's Dream, Boke of the Duchesse, Legend of Good Women, etc.

Extract:—
" And the rivere that I sat upon,
It made such a noise as it ron,
Accordaunt with the birdes armony,
Methought it was the beste melody
That mighte ben yheard of any man."
Cuckow and the Nightingale.

And the last step, structured JSON:

{
  "type": "qa",
  "number": 20,
  "question": "What are Chaucer's works?",
  "answer": "The principal one is the Canterbury Tales. It is a collection of admirable daguerreotypes of the various classes of English society, and consists of twenty-four stories supposed to have been told by a company of pilgrims on their way to Canterbury. The others are the Romaunt of the Rose, Court of Love, Chaucer's Dream, Boke of the Duchesse, Legend of Good Women, etc. Extract:— \" And the rivere that I sat upon, It made such a noise as it ron, Accordaunt with the birdes armony, Methought it was the beste melody That mighte ben yheard of any man.\" Cuckow and the Nightingale.",
  "section": "GENERAL LITERATURE"
},

I consider this dataset gold level, not platinum. I would have to spend way more time to get the plain-text books to absolute perfection, but the structured JSON is very clean.

Disclaimer

This dataset contains historically accurate information that was considered perfectly normal at the time, but by today's standards can be considered: toxic, offensive and unsafe.

Citation

If you find this dataset valuable, please consider citing:

@misc{vintage-exam-qa,
  title  = {Vintage exams Q&A},
  author = {Cristi Constantin},
  month  = {June},
  year   = {2026},
  url = {https://huggingface.co/datasets/croqaz/vintage-exam-qa}
}

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