P3B3

Portuguese multi-turn conversational benchmark for measuring European and Brazilian Portuguese variety bias in LLMs.

For more details, see the P3B3 paper.

This dataset is provided as part of the AMALIA project and is included in AMALIA-Bench, a comprehensive benchmark suite for evaluating large language models on European Portuguese.

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Citation

If you use this dataset or AMALIA in your work, please cite:

@inproceedings{simplicio-etal-2026-amalia,
    title = "{AMALIA}: A Fully Open Large Language Model for {E}uropean {P}ortuguese",
    author = "Simpl{{\'i}}cio, Afonso and Vinagre, Gon{{\c{{c}}}}alo and Ramos, Miguel Moura and Tavares, Diogo and Ferreira, Rafael and Attanasio, Giuseppe and Alves, Duarte M. and Calvo, In{{\^e}}s and Vieira, In{{\^e}}s and Guerra, Rui and Furtado, James and Canaverde, Beatriz and Paulo, Iago and Ramos, Vasco and Gl{{\'o}}ria-Silva, Diogo and Faria, Miguel and Treviso, Marcos and Gomes, Daniel and Gomes, Pedro and Semedo, David and Martins, Andr{{\'e}} and Magalh{{\~a}}es, Jo{{\~a}}o",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 17th International Conference on Computational Processing of {{P}}ortuguese ({{PROPOR}} 2026) - Vol. 1",
    month = apr,
    year = "2026",
    address = "Salvador, Brazil",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://aclanthology.org/2026.propor-1.38/",
    pages = "380--391",
    isbn = "979-8-89176-387-6"
}

@misc{simplicio2026amaliatechnicalreportfully,
    title = {AMALIA Technical Report: A Fully Open Source Large Language Model for European Portuguese}, 
    author = {Afonso Simplício and Gonçalo Vinagre and Miguel Moura Ramos and Diogo Tavares and Rafael Ferreira and Giuseppe Attanasio and Duarte M. Alves and Inês Calvo and Inês Vieira and Rui Guerra and James Furtado and Beatriz Canaverde and Iago Paulo and Vasco Ramos and Diogo Glória-Silva and Miguel Faria and Marcos Treviso and Daniel Gomes and Pedro Gomes and David Semedo and André Martins and João Magalhães},
    year = {2026},
    eprint = {2603.26511},
    archivePrefix = {arXiv},
    primaryClass = {cs.CL},
    url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2603.26511}
}

If you use the P3B3 dataset, please also cite:

@inproceedings{ferreira_p3b3,
    title={{P3B3}: A Multi-Turn Conversational Benchmark for Measuring European and Brazilian Portuguese Variety Bias in {LLMs}},
    author={Rafael Ferreira and Inês Vieira and Inês Calvo and James Furtado and Iago Paulo and Diogo Tavares and Diogo Glória-Silva and David Semedo and João Magalhães},
    booktitle={Proceedings of the 1st Workshop on Multilinguality in the Era of Large Language Models (MeLLM)},
    year={2026},
    publisher={Association for Computational Linguistics},
    eprint={2606.16753},
    archivePrefix={arXiv},
    primaryClass={cs.CL},
    url={https://arxiv.org/abs/2606.16753}
}