MMStar-PT

European Portuguese (pt-PT) machine translation of MMStar, a curated multimodal benchmark of vision-indispensable, balanced challenge samples.

Translated from the original English val split using gemini-3.1-pro.

Original Dataset: https://huggingface.co/datasets/Lin-Chen/MMStar

Note: This dataset is machine translated and may contain translation errors or artifacts.

This dataset is provided as part of the AMALIA project and is included in amalia-vl-eval, a comprehensive benchmark suite for evaluating large vision-language models on European Portuguese.

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Licensing

This dataset is dual-licensed:

• Translated content — the questions, answers, and any other text translated to European Portuguese with gemini-3.1-pro is released under cc-by-nc-4.0 (Attribution–NonCommercial). It may be used for non-commercial purposes with attribution.
• Images and untranslated columns — all images and any columns that were not translated retain the original MMStar license (refer to the original dataset).

When using this dataset you must comply with both licenses. The NonCommercial terms of the translated content do not override any stricter conditions of the original benchmark's license, and vice versa.

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Citation

If you use this dataset or AMALIA-VL in your work, please cite:

@article{gloria2026amalia,
    title={AMALIA-VL: A Native European Portuguese Open-Source Vision and Language Model},
    author={Gl{\'o}ria-Silva, Diogo and Cardeira, Jo{\~a}o and da Luz, Manuel Letras and Simpl{\'\i}cio, Afonso and Vinagre, Gon{\c{c}}alo and Tavares, Diogo and Ferreira, Rafael and Calvo, In{\^e}s and Vieira, In{\^e}s and Semedo, David and others},
    journal={arXiv preprint arXiv:2606.19100},
    year={2026}
}