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[
{
"content": "Landolt C and snellen e acuity: differences in strabismus amblyopia?",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "yes.",
"role": "assistant"
}
] | [
{
"index": 0,
"label": "Supported",
"span": "yes",
"verification_note": "Multiple peer-reviewed studies confirm there are differences between Landolt C and Snellen E acuity measurements in strabismus amblyopia, though the differences are described as small or slight. The Snellen E consistently shows... | 16,418,930 | no | Assessment of visual acuity depends on the optotypes used for measurement. The ability to recognize different optotypes differs even if their critical details appear under the same visual angle. Since optotypes are evaluated on individuals with good visual acuity and without eye disorders, differences in the lower visu... | pubmedqa_meditron |
[
{
"content": "Are the long-term results of the transanal pull-through equal to those of the transabdominal pull-through?",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "yes\nExplanation: The long-term outcome of TERPT is equal to that of the ABD pull-through, but a trend toward a better stool pattern in the TERPT... | [
{
"index": 42,
"label": "Supported",
"span": "TERPT",
"verification_note": "TERPT (transanal endorectal pull-through) is a well-established surgical technique for Hirschsprung disease, confirmed in multiple medical studies and publications."
},
{
"index": 72,
"label": "Supported",
"s... | 17,208,539 | no | The transanal endorectal pull-through (TERPT) is becoming the most popular procedure in the treatment of Hirschsprung disease (HD), but overstretching of the anal sphincters remains a critical issue that may impact the continence. This study examined the long-term outcome of TERPT versus conventional transabdominal (AB... | pubmedqa_meditron |
[
{
"content": "Can tailored interventions increase mammography use among HMO women?",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "yes\nExplanation: Tailored interventions can be effective in increasing mammography use among HMO women.",
"role": "assistant"
}
] | [
{
"index": 17,
"label": "Supported",
"span": "Tailored interventions can be effective in increasing mammography use among HMO women",
"verification_note": "Multiple peer-reviewed studies confirm that tailored interventions (including telephone counseling, tailored print materials, and combined appro... | 10,808,977 | yes | Telephone counseling and tailored print communications have emerged as promising methods for promoting mammography screening. However, there has been little research testing, within the same randomized field trial, of the efficacy of these two methods compared to a high-quality usual care system for enhancing screening... | pubmedqa_meditron |
[
{
"content": "30-Day and 1-year mortality in emergency general surgery laparotomies: an area of concern and need for improvement?",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "yes\nExplanation: 30-day mortality is high in emergency general surgery laparotomies, with a significantly higher mortality in the elder... | [
{
"index": 17,
"label": "Supported",
"span": "30-day mortality is high",
"verification_note": "Multiple studies confirm high 30-day mortality rates in emergency laparotomy, ranging from 8-17% overall, with rates as high as 31.5% in elderly patients"
},
{
"index": 92,
"label": "Supported"... | 26,037,986 | maybe | Emergency surgery is associated with poorer outcomes and higher mortality with recent studies suggesting the 30-day mortality to be 14-15%. The aim of this study was to analyse the 30-day mortality, age-related 30-day mortality and 1-year mortality following emergency laparotomy. We hope this will encourage prospective... | pubmedqa_meditron |
[
{
"content": "Do mitochondria play a role in remodelling lace plant leaves during programmed cell death?",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "yes\nExplanation: The results show that mitochondria undergo a series of dynamic changes during PCD in lace plant leaves. The mitochondrial membrane potential (Δ... | [
{
"index": 39,
"label": "Supported",
"span": "mitochondria undergo a series of dynamic changes during PCD in lace plant leaves",
"verification_note": "Multiple research papers confirm that mitochondria undergo dynamic changes during PCD in lace plant leaves, including changes in distribution, motili... | 21,645,374 | yes | Programmed cell death (PCD) is the regulated death of cells within an organism. The lace plant (Aponogeton madagascariensis) produces perforations in its leaves through PCD. The leaves of the plant consist of a latticework of longitudinal and transverse veins enclosing areoles. PCD occurs in the cells at the center of ... | pubmedqa_meditron |
[
{
"content": "Do mutations causing low HDL-C promote increased carotid intima-media thickness?",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "no\nExplanation: In this study, a wide range of genetic disorders resulting in low HDL cholesterol did not correlate with increased cIMT.",
"role": "assistant"
}
] | [
{
"index": 0,
"label": "Supported",
"span": "no",
"verification_note": "The answer 'no' is supported by the Miller et al. 2007 study which found that cIMT was nearly identical between cases with genetic mutations causing low HDL-C (0.66±0.17 cm) and controls (0.65±0.18 cm), indicating that mutations... | 17,113,061 | no | Although observational data support an inverse relationship between high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol and coronary heart disease (CHD), genetic HDL deficiency states often do not correlate with premature CHD. Carotid intima-media thickness (cIMT) measurements were obtained in cases comprising 10 different muta... | pubmedqa_meditron |
[
{
"content": "A short stay or 23-hour ward in a general and academic children's hospital: are they effective?",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "yes\nOutcome: This study demonstrates the usefulness of a short stay ward in a general and academic children's hospital. The short stay ward is a useful add... | [
{
"index": 2134,
"label": "Supported",
"span": "1994",
"verification_note": "Confirmed by multiple sources that the short stay ward at Westmead Hospital was established in 1994, with data collected during 1994"
},
{
"index": 2177,
"label": "Supported",
"span": "Westmead Hospital",
... | 10,966,337 | yes | We evaluated the usefulness of a short stay or 23-hour ward in a pediatric unit of a large teaching hospital, Westmead Hospital, and an academic Children's hospital, The New Children's Hospital, to determine if they are a useful addition to the emergency service. This is a descriptive comparison of prospectively collec... | pubmedqa_meditron |
[
{
"content": "Is adjustment for reporting heterogeneity necessary in sleep disorders?",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "yes\n\n# Introduction\nSleep disorders, including insomnia and excessive daytime sleepiness, are prevalent and are associated with a variety of physical and mental health condition... | [
{
"index": 340,
"label": "Supported",
"span": "Morin",
"verification_note": "Charles M. Morin is a real researcher who has published extensively on insomnia epidemiology, including the specific paper 'Epidemiology of insomnia: prevalence, self-help treatments, consultations, and determinants of help... | 26,852,225 | no | Anchoring vignettes are brief texts describing a hypothetical character who illustrates a certain fixed level of a trait under evaluation. This research uses vignettes to elucidate factors associated with sleep disorders in adult Japanese before and after adjustment for reporting heterogeneity in self-reports. This stu... | pubmedqa_meditron |
[
{
"content": "Syncope during bathing in infants, a pediatric form of water-induced urticaria?",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "yes\n\n# Introduction\nIn the past 20 years, the pediatric community has been concerned with the problem of apparent life-threatening events (ALTEs) in infants [bib_ref] Su... | [
{
"index": 105,
"label": "Supported",
"span": "apparent life-threatening events (ALTEs)",
"verification_note": "This is a well-established medical term defined by the National Institutes of Health in 1986, extensively documented in medical literature and now replaced by BRUE (Brief Resolved Unexplai... | 9,488,747 | yes | Apparent life-threatening events in infants are a difficult and frequent problem in pediatric practice. The prognosis is uncertain because of risk of sudden infant death syndrome. Eight infants aged 2 to 15 months were admitted during a period of 6 years; they suffered from similar maladies in the bath: on immersion, t... | pubmedqa_meditron |
[
{
"content": "Double balloon enteroscopy: is it efficacious and safe in a community setting?",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "Yes\n\n# Introduction\nThe double balloon enteroscopy (DBE) is a new endoscopic modality that has been gaining popularity in the last 5 years. This technique was first descr... | [
{
"index": 178,
"label": "Supported",
"span": "Yamamoto and colleagues in 2001",
"verification_note": "Multiple sources confirm that Hironori Yamamoto and colleagues first described double balloon enteroscopy in 2001, with the landmark paper published in Gastrointestinal Endoscopy."
},
{
"in... | 23,831,910 | yes | From March 2007 to January 2011, 88 DBE procedures were performed on 66 patients. Indications included evaluation anemia/gastrointestinal bleed, small bowel IBD and dilation of strictures. Video-capsule endoscopy (VCE) was used prior to DBE in 43 of the 66 patients prior to DBE evaluation. The mean age was 62 years. Th... | pubmedqa_meditron |
[
{
"content": "Did Chile's traffic law reform push police enforcement?",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "Yes\nExplanation: The Chilean traffic law reform of 2005 has been effective in reducing traffic fatalities and severe injuries. However, the reduction in traffic injuries is not as pronounced as t... | [
{
"index": 21,
"label": "Supported",
"span": "Chilean traffic law reform of 2005",
"verification_note": "Multiple academic sources confirm Chile enacted a comprehensive traffic law reform in 2005, introducing measures like child restraint systems, seat belt mandates, cellphone prohibitions while dri... | 25,432,938 | yes | The objective of the current study is to determine to what extent the reduction of Chile's traffic fatalities and injuries during 2000-2012 was related to the police traffic enforcement increment registered after the introduction of its 2005 traffic law reform. A unique dataset with assembled information from public in... | pubmedqa_meditron |
[
{
"content": "Therapeutic anticoagulation in the trauma patient: is it safe?",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "No\nExplanation: Complications associated with anticoagulation occurred in 21% of trauma patients. Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, UH use, and lower initial platelet count were assoc... | [
{
"index": 74,
"label": "Supported",
"span": "21%",
"verification_note": "Multiple sources confirm that 21% of trauma patients had complications from therapeutic anticoagulation. This statistic comes from the Golob et al. study, which found that 24 out of 114 trauma patients (21%) had at least one a... | 18,847,643 | no | Trauma patients who require therapeutic anticoagulation pose a difficult treatment problem. The purpose of this study was to determine: (1) the incidence of complications using therapeutic anticoagulation in trauma patients, and (2) if any patient factors are associated with these complications. An 18-month retrospecti... | pubmedqa_meditron |
[
{
"content": "Differentiation of nonalcoholic from alcoholic steatohepatitis: are routine laboratory markers useful?",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "Yes\n\nExplanation: The MCV and the AST/ALT ratio are useful markers for differentiation of NASH and ASH. The MCV is particularly helpful in patients... | [
{
"index": 22,
"label": "Supported",
"span": "MCV",
"verification_note": "MCV (mean corpuscular volume) is confirmed as a useful marker for differentiating NASH from ASH. Research shows MCV was elevated in 53% of ASH patients and normal in all NASH patients (P < 0.0001), and multivariate analysis id... | 18,239,988 | yes | Specific markers for differentiation of nonalcoholic (NASH) from alcoholic steatohepatitis (ASH) are lacking. We investigated the role of routine laboratory parameters in distinguishing NASH from ASH. Liver biopsies performed at our hospital over a 10-year period were reviewed, 95 patients with steatohepatitis identifi... | pubmedqa_meditron |
[
{
"content": "Prompting Primary Care Providers about Increased Patient Risk As a Result of Family History: Does It Work?",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "No\nExplanation: The study findings suggest that automated, tailored prompts to PCPs about increased familial risk are not sufficient to change P... | [
{
"index": 0,
"label": "Supported",
"span": "No",
"verification_note": "The study concluded that automated prompts to PCPs about family history risk did not change PCP behavior, supporting the 'No' answer to whether it works."
},
{
"index": 48,
"label": "Supported",
"span": "automate... | 25,957,366 | no | Electronic health records have the potential to facilitate family history use by primary care physicians (PCPs) to provide personalized care. The objective of this study was to determine whether automated, at-the-visit tailored prompts about family history risk change PCP behavior. Automated, tailored prompts highlight... | pubmedqa_meditron |
[
{
"content": "Do emergency ultrasound fellowship programs impact emergency medicine residents' ultrasound education?",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "yes\n\n# Introduction\nRecent years have seen a rapid proliferation of emergency ultrasound (EUS) programs in the United States. [bib_ref] Emergency ... | [
{
"index": 20,
"label": "Supported",
"span": "Recent years have seen a rapid proliferation of emergency ultrasound (EUS) programs in the United States",
"verification_note": "This statement is supported by research findings, including the study by Adhikari et al. (2014) which begins with this exact ... | 24,866,606 | yes | Recent years have seen a rapid proliferation of emergency ultrasound (EUS) programs in the United States. To date, there is no evidence supporting that EUS fellowships enhance residents' ultrasound (US) educational experiences. The purpose of this study was to determine the impact of EUS fellowships on emergency medici... | pubmedqa_meditron |
[
{
"content": "Patient-Controlled Therapy of Breathlessness in Palliative Care: A New Therapeutic Concept for Opioid Administration?",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "Yes\nExplanation: This pilot study demonstrates that opioid PCT is a safe and effective method to control breathlessness in advanced d... | [
{
"index": 22,
"label": "Supported",
"span": "pilot study",
"verification_note": "Confirmed as a pilot observational study with 18 inpatients with advanced disease and refractory breathlessness receiving opioid PCT, as stated in the research paper by Schmitz et al. (2016)"
},
{
"index": 52,
... | 26,578,404 | yes | Breathlessness is one of the most distressing symptoms experienced by patients with advanced cancer and noncancer diagnoses alike. Often, severity of breathlessness increases quickly, calling for rapid symptom control. Oral, buccal, and parenteral routes of provider-controlled drug administration have been described. I... | pubmedqa_meditron |
[
{
"content": "Is there still a need for living-related liver transplantation in children?",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "yes\n\nExplanation: In conclusion, we could not show any significant difference in postoperative liver function, surgical complication rates, and survival between SLT and LRT. ... | [
{
"index": 161,
"label": "Supported",
"span": "SLT",
"verification_note": "SLT (Split Liver Transplantation) is a well-established medical abbreviation confirmed in multiple medical sources and studies comparing SLT with LRT in pediatric liver transplantation."
},
{
"index": 169,
"label"... | 11,729,377 | yes | To assess and compare the value of split-liver transplantation (SLT) and living-related liver transplantation (LRT). The concept of SLT results from the development of reduced-size transplantation. A further development of SLT, the in situ split technique, is derived from LRT, which itself marks the optimized outcome i... | pubmedqa_meditron |
[
{
"content": "Do patterns of knowledge and attitudes exist among unvaccinated seniors?",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "yes\n\nExplanation: Patterns of knowledge and attitudes toward influenza vaccination among unvaccinated Medicare beneficiaries aged>65 years were identified. The existence of thes... | [
{
"index": 102,
"label": "Supported",
"span": "Medicare beneficiaries aged>65 years",
"verification_note": "Multiple search results confirm research studies examining Medicare beneficiaries aged 65 and older regarding influenza vaccination patterns, including specific studies that surveyed Medicare ... | 17,096,624 | yes | To examine patterns of knowledge and attitudes among adults aged>65 years unvaccinated for influenza. Surveyed Medicare beneficiaries in 5 areas; clustered unvaccinated seniors by their immunization related knowledge and attitudes. Identified 4 clusters: Potentials (45%) would receive influenza vaccine to prevent disea... | pubmedqa_meditron |
[
{
"content": "Is there a model to teach and practice retroperitoneoscopic nephrectomy?",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "yes\nExplanation: This porcine model is a reliable and reproducible training model for retroperitoneoscopic nephrectomy. The experimental learning curve is eight cases.",
"rol... | [
{
"index": 22,
"label": "Supported",
"span": "porcine model",
"verification_note": "Multiple research papers confirm the use of porcine models for retroperitoneoscopic nephrectomy training, including studies showing porcine models are used for laparoscopic and retroperitoneoscopic nephrectomy traini... | 22,694,248 | yes | Although the retroperitoneal approach has been the preferred choice for open urological procedures, retroperitoneoscopy is not the preferred approach for laparoscopy. This study aims to develop a training model for retroperitoneoscopy and to establish an experimental learning curve. Fifteen piglets were operated on to ... | pubmedqa_meditron |
[
{
"content": "Cardiovascular risk in a rural adult West African population: is resting heart rate also relevant?",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "Yes, elevated resting heart rate is an important cardiovascular risk factor in this population.\n\n# Introduction\nElevated resting heart rate (RHR) is a... | [
{
"index": 367,
"label": "Not Supported",
"span": "370,000 men and women",
"verification_note": "I could not find any study by Fox et al. with exactly 370,000 participants. The Fox et al. study in JACC 2007 is a review paper, not a prospective cohort study with this specific sample size."
},
{
... | 22,990,761 | yes | Elevated resting heart rate (RHR) is a neglected marker in cardiovascular risk factor studies of sub-Saharan African populations. This study aimed to determine the prevalence of elevated RHR and other risk factors for cardiovascular disease (CVD) and to investigate any associations between RHR and these risk factors in... | pubmedqa_meditron |
[
{
"content": "Israeli hospital preparedness for terrorism-related multiple casualty incidents: can the surge capacity and injury severity distribution be better predicted?",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "Yes.\n\nExplanation: The current guidelines to prepare for HMCIs are based on the assumption t... | [
{
"index": 240,
"label": "Supported",
"span": "20.8",
"verification_note": "The exact statistic is confirmed in the original study: 'The mean number of arriving casualties to a single hospital was 20.8+/-13.3 (range 4-56, median 16.5)'"
},
{
"index": 249,
"label": "Supported",
"span"... | 19,394,934 | yes | The incidence of large-scale urban attacks on civilian populations has significantly increased across the globe over the past decade. These incidents often result in Hospital Multiple Casualty Incidents (HMCI), which are very challenging to hospital teams. 15 years ago the Emergency and Disaster Medicine Division in th... | pubmedqa_meditron |
[
{
"content": "Acute respiratory distress syndrome in children with malignancy--can we predict outcome?",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "yes\nExplanation: Children with malignancy who develop ARDS are at high risk for death. Early respiratory predictors of mortality include peak inspiratory pressure... | [
{
"index": 17,
"label": "Supported",
"span": "Children with malignancy who develop ARDS are at high risk for death",
"verification_note": "Multiple studies confirm that children with malignancy who develop ARDS have significantly higher mortality rates. Research shows mortality rates of 56-77% in pa... | 11,481,599 | yes | The purpose of this study was to delineate early respiratory predictors of mortality in children with hemato-oncology malignancy who developed acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). We conducted a retrospective chart review of children with malignant and ARDS who needed mechanical ventilation and were admitted to ... | pubmedqa_meditron |
[
{
"content": "Secondhand smoke risk in infants discharged from an NICU: potential for significant health disparities?",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "yes\n\n## 1\nSecondhand smoke exposure (SHSe) is a serious health risk to children, especially infants and children with respiratory conditions. In ... | [
{
"index": 1066,
"label": "Supported",
"span": "The Baby's Breath Project",
"verification_note": "Confirmed as a real research study. Multiple sources verify this is an actual hospital-based secondhand smoke exposure intervention trial targeting parents with high-risk infants in the NICU."
},
{
... | 21,669,959 | yes | Secondhand smoke exposure (SHSe) threatens fragile infants discharged from a neonatal intensive care unit (NICU). Smoking practices were examined in families with a high respiratory risk infant (born at very low birth weight; ventilated>12 hr) in a Houston, Texas, NICU. Socioeconomic status, race, and mental health sta... | pubmedqa_meditron |
[
{
"content": "Do nomograms designed to predict biochemical recurrence (BCR) do a better job of predicting more clinically relevant prostate cancer outcomes than BCR?",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "yes\nExplanation: Nomograms designed to predict BCR after RP can predict more clinically relevant pr... | [
{
"index": 47,
"label": "Supported",
"span": "BCR",
"verification_note": "BCR (biochemical recurrence) is a well-established medical term and endpoint in prostate cancer research, confirmed by multiple medical sources."
},
{
"index": 57,
"label": "Supported",
"span": "RP",
"verif... | 23,806,388 | yes | To examine the ability of various postoperative nomograms to predict prostate cancer-specific mortality (PCSM) and to validate that they could predict aggressive biochemical recurrence (BCR). Prostate-specific antigen (PSA), grade, and stage are the classic triad used to predict BCR after radical prostatectomy (RP). Mu... | pubmedqa_meditron |
[
{
"content": "Are reports of mechanical dysfunction in chronic oro-facial pain related to somatisation?",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "Yes\n\nExplanation: Reports of teeth grinding and facial trauma were independently associated with chronic oro-facial pain. However, these factors were also commo... | [] | 17,919,952 | yes | (i) To examine the association between self-reported mechanical factors and chronic oro-facial pain. (ii) To test the hypothesis that this relationship could be explained by: (a) reporting of psychological factors, (b) common association of self-reported mechanical factors with other unexplained syndromes. A population... | pubmedqa_meditron |
[
{
"content": "Amblyopia: is visual loss permanent?",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "No\n\n# Background:\nIn a recent issue of the journal (Vol. 9 No. 4) a paper by Dr. R. L. D. G. Douthwaite was published on the treatment of amblyopia in adults. In that paper it was stated that 'in the majority of ... | [
{
"index": 77,
"label": "Not Supported",
"span": "Dr. R. L. D. G. Douthwaite",
"verification_note": "No evidence found of a researcher with this specific name in amblyopia literature. The search results show many amblyopia researchers but none with this exact name combination."
},
{
"index":... | 10,966,943 | no | The records of 465 patients with an established diagnosis of age related macular degeneration who had attended a specialist macular clinic between 1990 and 1998 were scrutinised. A full clinical examination and standardised refraction had been carried out in 189 of these cases on a minimum of two occasions. Cases were ... | pubmedqa_meditron |
[
{
"content": "Implementation of epidural analgesia for labor: is the standard of effective analgesia reachable in all women?",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "Yes, but not without a large effort.\n\n# Introduction\nEpidural analgesia is the most commonly used method for pain relief during labor [bib... | [
{
"index": 214,
"label": "Supported",
"span": "Halpern",
"verification_note": "Stephen H. Halpern is a well-documented researcher in obstetric anesthesia who has published extensively on epidural analgesia, including meta-analyses and systematic reviews found in multiple search results."
},
{
... | 23,690,198 | yes | Social and cultural factors combined with little information may prevent the diffusion of epidural analgesia for pain relief during childbirth. The present study was launched contemporarily to the implementation of analgesia for labor in our Department in order to perform a 2 years audit on its use. The goal is to eval... | pubmedqa_meditron |
[
{
"content": "Does HER2 immunoreactivity provide prognostic information in locally advanced urothelial carcinoma patients receiving adjuvant M-VEC chemotherapy?",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "yes\nExplanation: HER2 immunoreactivity was significantly associated with clinical outcome in locally adv... | [
{
"index": 17,
"label": "Supported",
"span": "HER2 immunoreactivity",
"verification_note": "HER2 immunoreactivity is a well-established biomarker in urothelial carcinoma research, confirmed by multiple studies in the search results."
},
{
"index": 93,
"label": "Supported",
"span": "l... | 17,940,352 | maybe | To evaluate the impact of HER2 immunoreactivity on clinical outcome in locally advanced urothelial carcinoma patients who received surgery alone, or methotrexate, vinblastine, epirubicin, and cisplatin (M-VEC) as adjuvant chemotherapy. We studied 114 formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded specimens obtained from locally adva... | pubmedqa_meditron |
[
{
"content": "Is halofantrine ototoxic?",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "yes\nExplanation: Halofantrine has a potential ototoxic effect and should be used with caution.",
"role": "assistant"
}
] | [
{
"index": 17,
"label": "Supported",
"span": "Halofantrine",
"verification_note": "Halofantrine is a real antimalarial drug classified as an aryl aminoalcohol quinoline derivative, confirmed in multiple scientific sources"
},
{
"index": 46,
"label": "Supported",
"span": "ototoxic",
... | 20,537,205 | yes | Halofantrine is a newly developed antimalarial drug used for the treatment of Plasmodium falciparum malaria. The introduction of this drug has been delayed because of its possible side effects, and due to insufficient studies on adverse reactions in humans. There have been no studies investigating its effect on hearing... | pubmedqa_meditron |
[
{
"content": "Visceral adipose tissue area measurement at a single level: can it represent visceral adipose tissue volume?",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "Yes\nExplanation: VAT area measured at a single level 3 cm above the lower margin of L3 can represent changes in VAT volume and body weight. Th... | [
{
"index": 53,
"label": "Supported",
"span": "3 cm above the lower margin of L3",
"verification_note": "This specific measurement location is validated by research showing it had the strongest correlations with VAT volume and body weight changes (r values of 0.853 and 0.902 respectively) according t... | 28,707,539 | yes | Measurement of visceral adipose tissue (VAT) needs to be accurate and sensitive to change for risk monitoring. The purpose of this study is to determine the CT slice location where VAT area can best reflect changes in VAT volume and body weight. 60 plain abdominal CT images from 30 males [mean age (range) 51 (41-68) ye... | pubmedqa_meditron |
[
{
"content": "Necrotizing fasciitis: an indication for hyperbaric oxygenation therapy?",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "yes\nExplanation: HBO-treated patients had a higher mortality rate and a higher number of surgical débridements compared with patients treated by surgical excision and antibiotics... | [
{
"index": 17,
"label": "Not Supported",
"span": "HBO-treated patients had a higher mortality rate",
"verification_note": "Multiple studies show the opposite - HBO therapy is associated with lower mortality rates. A 2023 meta-analysis found mortality rate in HBO group was significantly lower (RR = 0... | 7,482,275 | no | The accepted treatment protocol for necrotizing fasciitis (NF) consists of extensive surgery and wide spectrum antibiotics. Hyperbaric oxygenation (HBO) has been recommended as adjuvant therapy for NF, improving patient mortality and outcome. However, the beneficial effect of HBO for NF remains controversial. A retrosp... | pubmedqa_meditron |
[
{
"content": "Is the Hawkins sign able to predict necrosis in fractures of the neck of the astragalus?",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "No\nExplanation: Hawkins sign is not able to predict the development of avascular necrosis in fractures of the neck of the astragalus.",
"role": "assistant"
... | [
{
"index": 16,
"label": "Supported",
"span": "Hawkins sign",
"verification_note": "The Hawkins sign is a well-documented medical sign used to evaluate talar neck fractures, described in multiple medical sources and named after orthopedic surgeon Leland G. Hawkins."
},
{
"index": 81,
"lab... | 24,183,388 | maybe | To assess if the Hawkins sign can predict whether or not astragalus fractures of the neck will develop avascular necrosis. It is also assessed whether the occurrence of this complication is related to the displacement of the fracture, soft tissue injury, or delay in the reduction or surgery. The results were compared w... | pubmedqa_meditron |
[
{
"content": "Is a mandatory general surgery rotation necessary in the surgical clerkship?",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "No\nExplanation: The results of this study support the idea that students can achieve equal mastery of surgical clerkship objectives by choosing any two surgical rotations in ... | [
{
"index": null,
"label": null,
"span": "54 students",
"verification_note": "This specific number matches a real study published in 1998 that examined whether mandatory general surgery rotation is necessary in surgical clerkships. The study involved exactly 54 students across three consecutive cohor... | 9,645,785 | no | Changes in the spectrum of general surgery and the delivery of surgical care have placed the requirement for a mandatory general surgery rotation in the surgical clerkship in question. We tested the hypothesis that equal mastery of surgical clerkship objectives can be obtained in a clerkship with and without general su... | pubmedqa_meditron |
[
{
"content": "Is Acupuncture Efficacious for Treating Phonotraumatic Vocal Pathologies?",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "yes\nExplanation: Acupuncture may be an effective noninvasive treatment for phonotraumatic vocal pathologies.",
"role": "assistant"
}
] | [
{
"index": 17,
"label": "Supported",
"span": "Acupuncture may be an effective noninvasive treatment for phonotraumatic vocal pathologies",
"verification_note": "This claim is supported by multiple peer-reviewed studies, including a major 2016 randomized controlled trial published in Journal of Voice... | 26,298,839 | yes | To investigate the effectiveness of acupuncture in treating phonotraumatic vocal fold lesions.STUDY DESIGN/ A total of 123 dysphonic individuals with benign vocal pathologies were recruited. They were given either genuine acupuncture (n = 40), sham acupuncture (n = 44), or no treatment (n = 39) for 6 weeks (two 30-minu... | pubmedqa_meditron |
[
{
"content": "Is aneurysm repair justified for the patients aged 80 or older after aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage?",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "yes\n\n# Introduction\nWith the advancement of an aging society, the number of elderly patients with aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage (aSAH) has ... | [
{
"index": 364,
"label": "Supported",
"span": "Molyneux",
"verification_note": "Andrew J. Molyneux is a real researcher who has published extensively on aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage, including the International Subarachnoid Aneurysm Trial (ISAT). Multiple search results confirm his work on SAH... | 24,153,338 | yes | With the advancement of an aging society in the world, an increasing number of elderly patients have been hospitalized due to aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage (aSAH). There is no study that compares the elderly cases of aSAH who receive the definitive treatment with those who treated conservatively. The aim of this s... | pubmedqa_meditron |
[
{
"content": "Do general practice characteristics influence uptake of an information technology (IT) innovation in primary care?",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "No\nExplanation: The use of IT innovations in primary care is not determined by general practice characteristics such as list size, train... | [
{
"index": 120,
"label": "Insufficient Information",
"span": "list size",
"verification_note": "While this appears to be a legitimate practice characteristic that could be studied, I cannot verify this specific claim from the available sources"
},
{
"index": 131,
"label": "Insufficient I... | 18,534,072 | no | Recent evaluations of IT innovations in primary care have highlighted variations between centres and practices in uptake and use. We evaluated whether structural characteristics of a general practice were associated with variations in use of a web-based clinical information system underpinning a Managed Clinical Networ... | pubmedqa_meditron |
[
{
"content": "Prognosis of well differentiated small hepatocellular carcinoma--is well differentiated hepatocellular carcinoma clinically early cancer?",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "yes\nExplanation: The results suggest that w-d HCCs are indeed clinically early cancer, and that the presence of f... | [
{
"index": 42,
"label": "Not Supported",
"span": "w-d HCCs are indeed clinically early cancer",
"verification_note": "The PubMed study with the exact same title as the instruction concludes the opposite: 'W-d HCCs were clinically demonstrated not to be early cancer, because there was no significant ... | 8,847,047 | no | The purpose of this study is to examine whether or not well differentiated (w-d) hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is indeed clinically early cancer. Seventy six patients with solitary small HCCs up to 3 cm in diameter, who underwent hepatectomy, were observed for at least 2 years for possible recurrence. These patients w... | pubmedqa_meditron |
[
{
"content": "Do follow-up recommendations for abnormal Papanicolaou smears influence patient adherence?",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "yes\n\nExplanation: Adherence to follow-up recommendations for abnormal Pap smear results can be improved by using multiple patient reminders and may be related ... | [] | 10,575,390 | no | To compare adherence to follow-up recommendations for colposcopy or repeated Papanicolaou (Pap) smears for women with previously abnormal Pap smear results. Retrospective cohort study. Three northern California family planning clinics. All women with abnormal Pap smear results referred for initial colposcopy and a rand... | pubmedqa_meditron |
[
{
"content": "Biomolecular identification of allergenic pollen: a new perspective for aerobiological monitoring?",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "yes\nExplanation: This study demonstrates the feasibility of a biomolecular approach for the identification of allergenic pollen. The method may be easil... | [
{
"index": 17,
"label": "Supported",
"span": "This study demonstrates the feasibility of a biomolecular approach for the identification of allergenic pollen",
"verification_note": "The Longhi et al. 2009 study 'Biomolecular identification of allergenic pollen: a new perspective for aerobiological mo... | 20,084,845 | yes | Accurate and updated information on airborne pollen in specific areas can help allergic patients. Current monitoring systems are based on a morphologic identification approach, a time-consuming method that may represent a limiting factor for sampling network enhancement. To verify the feasibility of developing a real-t... | pubmedqa_meditron |
[
{
"content": "Does diabetes mellitus influence the efficacy of FDG-PET in the diagnosis of cervical cancer?",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "No\nExplanation: FDG-PET may be used to evaluate cervical cancer patients with DM.",
"role": "assistant"
}
] | [
{
"index": 0,
"label": "Supported",
"span": "No",
"verification_note": "The search results from multiple studies, particularly Chang et al. (2005) published in European Journal of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, found that 'the accuracy of PET in cervical cancer patients with mild to moderat... | 15,703,931 | no | Compared with computed tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), positron emission tomography (PET) may have additional value in the assessment of primary and recurrent cervical cancer. However, the degree of tumour uptake of (18)F-2-fluoro-2-deoxy-D: -glucose (FDG) uptake is sometimes influenced by diabete... | pubmedqa_meditron |
[
{
"content": "Biomechanical and wound healing characteristics of corneas after excimer laser keratorefractive surgery: is there a difference between advanced surface ablation and sub-Bowman's keratomileusis?",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "Yes.\n\n# Introduction\nThe excimer laser is the primary s... | [
{
"index": 25,
"label": "Supported",
"span": "excimer laser",
"verification_note": "Excimer laser is a well-established technology used in keratorefractive surgery for correcting myopia, hyperopia, and astigmatism, as confirmed by multiple medical sources."
},
{
"index": 77,
"label": "Su... | 18,269,157 | yes | To describe the biomechanical and wound healing characteristics of corneas after excimer laser keratorefractive surgery. Histologic, ultrastructural, and cohesive tensile strength evaluations were performed on 25 normal human corneal specimens, 206 uncomplicated LASIK specimens, 17 uncomplicated sub-Bowman's keratomile... | pubmedqa_meditron |
[
{
"content": "Does radiotherapy of the primary rectal cancer affect prognosis after pelvic exenteration for recurrent rectal cancer?",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "yes\nExplanation: Radiotherapy for primary rectal cancer appears to negatively affect prognosis after pelvic exenteration for recurre... | [
{
"index": 0,
"label": "Supported",
"span": "yes",
"verification_note": "The search results confirm that radiotherapy for primary rectal cancer does negatively affect prognosis after pelvic exenteration for recurrent rectal cancer, as stated in multiple studies including PMID 25489696."
},
{
... | 25,489,696 | yes | Radiotherapy reduces local recurrence rates but is also capable of short- and long-term toxicity. It may also render treatment of local recurrence more challenging if it develops despite previous radiotherapy. This study examined the impact of radiotherapy for the primary rectal cancer on outcomes after pelvic exentera... | pubmedqa_meditron |
[
{
"content": "Can a practicing surgeon detect early lymphedema reliably?",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "Yes\n\nExplanation: A simple 5% increase in circumference at any site reliably identifies lymphedema.",
"role": "assistant"
}
] | [
{
"index": 27,
"label": "Supported",
"span": "5%",
"verification_note": "The 5% circumference increase criterion is verified in the Bland et al. 2003 study, which found that detection by a 5% increase in circumference at any site was 91% sensitive and identified the most potential lymphedema cases."... | 14,599,616 | maybe | Lymphedema may be identified by simpler circumference changes as compared with changes in limb volume. Ninety breast cancer patients were prospectively enrolled in an academic trial, and seven upper extremity circumferences were measured quarterly for 3 years. A 10% volume increase or greater than 1 cm increase in arm ... | pubmedqa_meditron |
[
{
"content": "Colorectal cancer with synchronous liver metastases: does global management at the same centre improve results?",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "no\nExplanation: Global management of CRC and SLM at the same centre does not improve results.",
"role": "assistant"
}
] | [
{
"index": 37,
"label": "Supported",
"span": "CRC",
"verification_note": "CRC is a standard medical abbreviation for colorectal cancer, which is verified in multiple medical sources and matches the context of the instruction about colorectal cancer."
},
{
"index": 45,
"label": "Supported... | 22,537,902 | no | Synchronous liver metastases (SLM) occur in 20% of colorectal cancers (CRC). Resection of SLM and CLC can be undertaken at different centres (separate management, SM) or at the same centre (global management, GM). Retrospective study of SLM and CRC resections carried out during 01/2000 - 12/2006 by SM or GM, using a co... | pubmedqa_meditron |
[
{
"content": "Is motion perception deficit in schizophrenia a consequence of eye-tracking abnormality?",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "o\nExplanation: Eye-tracking abnormality is not a cause of motion perception deficit in schizophrenia.",
"role": "assistant"
}
] | [
{
"index": 15,
"label": "Supported",
"span": "Eye-tracking abnormality is not a cause of motion perception deficit in schizophrenia",
"verification_note": "This claim is supported by research showing that motion perception deficits in schizophrenia appear to be a consequence of eye-tracking abnormal... | 19,054,501 | yes | Studies have shown that schizophrenia patients have motion perception deficit, which was thought to cause eye-tracking abnormality in schizophrenia. However, eye movement closely interacts with motion perception. The known eye-tracking difficulties in schizophrenia patients may interact with their motion perception. Tw... | pubmedqa_meditron |
[
{
"content": "Transgastric endoscopic splenectomy: is it possible?",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "Yes. Explanation: Endoscopic splenectomy is technically feasible in a porcine model. Endoscopic transgastric access to the peritoneal cavity and the spleen was achieved using a flexible endoscope. Th... | [
{
"index": 70,
"label": "Supported",
"span": "porcine model",
"verification_note": "Multiple sources confirm transgastric endoscopic splenectomy was performed in porcine models"
},
{
"index": null,
"label": null,
"span": "six pigs",
"verification_note": "PubMed source confirms 'E... | 16,432,652 | yes | We have previously reported the feasibility of diagnostic and therapeutic peritoneoscopy including liver biopsy, gastrojejunostomy, and tubal ligation by an oral transgastric approach. We present results of per-oral transgastric splenectomy in a porcine model. The goal of this study was to determine the technical feasi... | pubmedqa_meditron |
[
{
"content": "It's Fournier's gangrene still dangerous?",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "Yes. Conclusion: The mortality rate of Fournier's gangrene in our series was 35.7%. The leukocyte count and the mean hospital stay were prognostic indicators of mortality. The early diagnosis and aggressive tre... | [
{
"index": 77,
"label": "Supported",
"span": "35.7%",
"verification_note": "The mortality rate of 35.7% falls within the range reported in medical literature. Studies show mortality rates varying from 7.5% in population-based studies to 20-40% in case series, with some historical reports as high as ... | 19,504,993 | yes | Fournier's gangrene is known to have an impact in the morbidity and despite antibiotics and aggressive debridement, the mortality rate remains high. To assess the morbidity and mortality in the treatment of Fournier's gangrene in our experience. The medical records of 14 patients with Fournier's gangrene who presented ... | pubmedqa_meditron |
[
{
"content": "Is it appropriate to implant kidneys from elderly donors in young recipients?",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "Yes\nExplanation: Transplanting kidneys from elderly donors in young recipients is safe.",
"role": "assistant"
}
] | [
{
"index": 82,
"label": "Not Supported",
"span": "safe",
"verification_note": "The research shows a more complex picture than simply 'safe.' Studies indicate that kidneys from elderly donors may have higher graft failure rates in younger recipients compared to age-matched recipients, and that while ... | 20,571,467 | yes | Kidneys from elderly donors tend to be implanted in recipients who are also elderly. We present the results obtained after 10 years of evolution on transplanting elderly kidneys into young recipients. Ninety-one consecutive transplants are studied, carried out in our center with kidneys from cadaver donors older than 6... | pubmedqa_meditron |
[
{
"content": "Do provider service networks result in lower expenditures compared with HMOs or primary care case management in Florida's Medicaid program?",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "yes\n\nExplanation: The Demonstration lowered expenditures for SSI enrollees in the Demonstration counties compa... | [
{
"index": 18,
"label": "Supported",
"span": "The Demonstration",
"verification_note": "Refers to Florida's Medicaid Reform Demonstration, which is well-documented in multiple research studies and government documents as a real program that operated in demonstration counties."
},
{
"index": ... | 24,237,112 | yes | To determine the impact of Florida's Medicaid Demonstration 4 years post-implementation on per member per month (PMPM) Medicaid expenditures and whether receiving care through HMOs versus provider service networks (PSNs) in the Demonstration was associated with PMPM expenditures.DATA: Florida Medicaid claims from two f... | pubmedqa_meditron |
[
{
"content": "Assessment of carotid artery stenosis before coronary artery bypass surgery. Is it always necessary?",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "yes\nExplanation: Selective carotid screening identifies patients at risk of significant carotid stenosis and perioperative stroke.",
"role": "assi... | [] | 21,402,341 | no | Extracranial internal carotid artery stenosis is a risk factor for perioperative stroke in patients undergoing coronary artery bypass surgery (CAB). Although selective and non-selective methods of preoperative carotid screening have been advocated, it remains unclear if this screening is clinically relevant.AIM: To tes... | pubmedqa_meditron |
[
{
"content": "Should direct mesocolon invasion be included in T4 for the staging of gastric cancer?",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "yes\nExplanation: Direct invasion of the mesocolon should be included as a T4 factor for the staging of gastric cancer.",
"role": "assistant"
}
] | [
{
"index": 74,
"label": "Supported",
"span": "T4",
"verification_note": "T4 is a valid staging category in gastric cancer TNM classification, with T4b specifically referring to tumor invasion of adjacent structures."
},
{
"index": null,
"label": null,
"span": "mesocolon invasion",
... | 20,082,356 | maybe | One of the sites most frequently invaded by gastric cancer is the mesocolon; however, the UICC does not mention this anatomical site as an adjacent structure involved in gastric cancer. The purpose of this study was to characterize and classify mesocolon invasion from gastric cancer. We examined 806 patients who underw... | pubmedqa_meditron |
[
{
"content": "Do Surrogates of Injury Severity Influence the Occurrence of Heterotopic Ossification in Fractures of the Acetabulum?",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "yes\nExplanation: Surrogates of injury severity are associated with the development of HO following posterior acetabular fracture surg... | [
{
"index": 17,
"label": "Insufficient Information",
"span": "Surrogates of injury severity",
"verification_note": "While the study title exists, the specific conclusion about surrogates of injury severity being associated with HO development contradicts other research findings that show injury sever... | 26,606,599 | maybe | To determine the relationship between injury severity surrogates and other patient factors with the development and severity of heterotopic ossification (HO) following open reduction internal fixation of acetabular fractures treated with a posterior approach. Retrospective review. Academic level 1 trauma center. Two hu... | pubmedqa_meditron |
[
{
"content": "Does pretreatment with statins improve clinical outcome after stroke?",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "no\nExplanation: In a case-referent study, we could not demonstrate that pretreatment with statins improved the clinical outcome after stroke.",
"role": "assistant"
}
] | [
{
"index": 21,
"label": "Supported",
"span": "case-referent study",
"verification_note": "This is a legitimate study design methodology, and I found a specific case-referent study by Jonsson & Asplund (2001) that investigated statins and stroke outcomes"
},
{
"index": 42,
"label": "Not S... | 11,340,218 | no | In primary and secondary prevention trials, statins have been shown to reduce the risk of stroke. In addition to lipid lowering, statins have a number of antiatherothrombotic and neuroprotective properties. In a preliminary observational study, we explored whether clinical outcome is improved in patients who are on tre... | pubmedqa_meditron |
[
{
"content": "Processing fluency effects: can the content and presentation of participant information sheets influence recruitment and participation for an antenatal intervention?",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "Yes\n\nExplanation: These findings suggest that the title and font of the PIS may infl... | [
{
"index": 72,
"label": "Supported",
"span": "PIS",
"verification_note": "PIS stands for Participant Information Sheets, which is confirmed by the actual research study found that examined 'the title and font of participant information sheets (PISs)'"
},
{
"index": 90,
"label": "Supporte... | 25,481,573 | yes | To assess the extent to which the title and font of participant information sheets (PISs) can influence pregnant women's and trainee midwives' perceptions of an antenatal intervention. Pregnant women (n=35) and trainee midwives (n=36) were randomly presented with one of four PISs where the title and font of the PIS had... | pubmedqa_meditron |
[
{
"content": "Sternal fracture in growing children : A rare and often overlooked fracture?",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "yes\n\n## Sternal fracture in growing children: a rare and often overlooked fracture?\nIn 2012, the International Pediatric Trauma Registry (IPTR) reported 5.7 % of all fractu... | [
{
"index": 97,
"label": "Not Supported",
"span": "International Pediatric Trauma Registry (IPTR)",
"verification_note": "No evidence found for an organization called 'International Pediatric Trauma Registry (IPTR)' in the literature on pediatric sternal fractures. Multiple studies reference various ... | 25,277,731 | maybe | Sternal fractures in childhood are rare. The aim of the study was to investigate the accident mechanism, the detection of radiological and sonographical criteria and consideration of associated injuries. In the period from January 2010 to December 2012 all inpatients and outpatients with sternal fractures were recorded... | pubmedqa_meditron |
[
{
"content": "Is there a correlation between androgens and sexual desire in women?",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "yes\nExplanation: Sexual desire correlates with androgens in young women with no use of systemic hormonal contraception. In older women, androstenedione correlates with sexual desire.... | [
{
"index": 17,
"label": "Supported",
"span": "Sexual desire correlates with androgens in young women with no use of systemic hormonal contraception",
"verification_note": "This claim is directly supported by research findings from Wåhlin-Jacobsen et al. (2015), which found that in women aged 25-44 y... | 25,475,395 | yes | For women, the correlation between circulating androgens and sexual desire is inconclusive. Substitution with androgens at physiological levels improves sexual function in women who experience decreased sexual desire and androgen deficiency from surgical menopause, pituitary disease, and age-related decline in androgen... | pubmedqa_meditron |
[
{
"content": "Does immediate breast reconstruction compromise the delivery of adjuvant chemotherapy?",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "No\nExplanation: IBR does not appear to compromise the delivery of adjuvant chemotherapy.",
"role": "assistant"
}
] | [
{
"index": 16,
"label": "Supported",
"span": "IBR",
"verification_note": "IBR is a standard medical abbreviation for 'immediate breast reconstruction' as confirmed by multiple medical literature sources found in the search results."
},
{
"index": 20,
"label": "Supported",
"span": "do... | 23,177,368 | no | Immediate breast reconstruction (IBR) provides psychological benefit to many early breast cancer patients however concerns persist regarding its potential impact on chemotherapy delivery. We investigated the association between IBR, complications and adjuvant chemotherapy delivery. Retrospective analysis of patients in... | pubmedqa_meditron |
[
{
"content": "Human papillomavirus and pterygium. Is the virus a risk factor?",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "yes\n\n## Explanation\nThis study is the first to report the presence of HPV type 6 in pterygium. Although the number of pterygia harbouring HPV was low, it supports the hypothesis that HP... | [
{
"index": 70,
"label": "Supported",
"span": "HPV type 6",
"verification_note": "HPV type 6 is a well-documented low-risk HPV type associated with benign neoplasia, confirmed in multiple sources including CDC documentation and research papers."
},
{
"index": 896,
"label": "Supported",
... | 17,179,167 | maybe | Pterygium is a disease of unknown origin and pathogenesis that might be vision threatening. It is characterised by a wing-like conjunctival overgrowth of the cornea. Several studies have investigated human papillomavirus (HPV) as a risk factor for the development of pterygia, but the results are inconclusive.AIM: To in... | pubmedqa_meditron |
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